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Zhao J, Qin C, Shen Y, Xu C, Yao S, Liang C. A comprehensive review of chloropropanol analytical method in the context of food safety. Food Chem 2024; 446:138776. [PMID: 38417283 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Chloropropanols are among the major food contaminants, and quantifying their content in food is a key food-safety issue. In response to the demand for highly sensitive and selective analysis, the scientific community is committed to continuous innovation and optimization of various analytical techniques. This paper comprehensively reviews the latest developments in chloropropanol analysis technologies and systematically compares and analyzes the working principles, application conditions, advantages, and challenges of these methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is the preferred choice for chloropropanol analysis in complex sample matrices owing to its high resolution, sensitivity, and accuracy. Electrochemical methods provide strong support for the real-time monitoring of chloropropanols because of their high selectivity and sensitivity towards electrochemically active molecules. Other techniques offer innovative solutions for the rapid and accurate analysis of chloropropanol at different levels. Finally, innovative directions for the development of chloropropanol analysis methods for food safety are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhao
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control
| | - Chengrong Qin
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control
| | - Yifan Shen
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control
| | - Cheng Xu
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control
| | - Chen Liang
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control.
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2
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Han L, Cai S, Chen X. Atomically Co-dispersed nitrogen-doped carbon for sensitive electrochemical immunoassay of breast cancer biomarker CA15-3. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:370. [PMID: 38837084 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of an ultrasensitive and precise measurement of a breast cancer biomarker (cancer antigen 15-3; CA15-3) in complex human serum is essential for the early diagnosis of cancer in groups of healthy populations and the treatment of patients. However, currently available testing technologies suffer from insufficient sensitivity toward CA15-3, which severely limits early large-scale screening of breast cancer patients. We report a versatile electrochemical immunoassay method based on atomically cobalt-dispersed nitrogen-doped carbon (Co-NC)-modified disposable screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its metabolite, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP), as the electrochemical labeling and redox signaling unit for sensitive detection of low-abundance CA15-3. During electrochemical detection by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), it was found that the Co-NC-SPCE electrode did not have a current signal response to the AAP substrate; however, it had an extremely favorable response current to ascorbic acid (AA). Based on the above principle, the target CA15-3-triggered immunoassay enriched ALP-catalyzed AAP produces a large amount of AA, resulting in a significant change in the system current signal, thereby realizing the highly sensitive detection of CA15-3. Under the optimal AAP substrate concentration and ALP catalysis time, the Co-NC-SPCE-based electrochemical immunoassay demonstrated a good DPV current for CA15-3 in the assay interval of 1.0 mU/mL to 10,000 mU/mL, with a calculated limit of detection of 0.38 mU/mL. Since Co-NC-SPCE has an excellent DPV current response to AA and employs split-type scheme, the constructed electrochemical immunoassay has the merits of high preciseness and anti-interference, and its clinical diagnostic results are comparable to those of commercial kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuanglong Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogeng Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yoshimoto M, Kurosawa S, Tanaka M. Measurement of a Bubble-Free Chemical Oscillator Using QCMs Treated with Self-Assembled Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3360-3367. [PMID: 38567983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The oscillation of a 1,4-cyclohexanedione-bromate (CHD-bromate) system was investigated by using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) without or with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), where gold and platinum were used for QCM electrodes and SAMs were composed of HS(CH2)11CH3, HS(CH2CH2O)5H, and HS(CH2CH2O)5CH3. The CHD-bromate system is well-known as a bubble-free oscillator and oscillates without or with a catalyst. In the CHD-bromate system without a catalyst, the oscillation of a resonant frequency shift (ΔF) of the QCM was observed in the Au-electrode QCMs without a SAM or with SAMs formed from HS(CH2)11CH3 and HS(CH2CH2O)5H. On the other hand, the HS(CH2CH2O)5CH3 SAM suppressed the ΔF oscillation. The results revealed that in the CHD-bromate system without a catalyst, hydrophobic CH3 terminal and helical conformation were important to prevent nonspecific adsorption of substances on a gold surface and its dissolution. In the CHD-bromate system with a catalyst (ferroin), the ΔF oscillation was observed in the Au-electrode QCM with the HS(CH2CH2O)5CH3 SAM. The results suggest evidence that the change of the solution viscosity and density led to the ΔF oscillation. These results for Au-electrode QCMs were also corroborated by those for Pt-electrode QCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Yoshimoto
- Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kurosawa
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Tanaka
- Department of Life Science & Green Chemistry, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690, Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
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4
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Gerdan Z, Saylan Y, Denizli A. Biosensing Platforms for Cardiac Biomarker Detection. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9946-9960. [PMID: 38463295 PMCID: PMC10918812 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease that occurs when there is an elevated demand for myocardial oxygen as a result of the rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaques. Globally, the mortality rates associated with MI are steadily on the rise. Traditional diagnostic biomarkers employed in clinical settings for MI diagnosis have various drawbacks, prompting researchers to investigate fast, precise, and highly sensitive biosensor platforms and technologies. Biosensors are analytical devices that combine biological elements with physicochemical transducers to detect and quantify specific compounds or analytes. These devices play a crucial role in various fields including healthcare, environmental monitoring, food safety, and biotechnology. Biosensors developed for the detection of cardiac biomarkers are typically electrochemical, mass, and optical biosensors. Nanomaterials have emerged as revolutionary components in the field of biosensing, offering unique properties that significantly enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the detection systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements and applications of nanomaterial-based biosensing systems. Beginning with an exploration of the fundamental principles governing nanomaterials, we delve into their diverse properties, including but not limited to electrical, optical, magnetic, and thermal characteristics. The integration of these nanomaterials as transducers in biosensors has paved the way for unprecedented developments in analytical techniques. Moreover, the principles and types of biosensors and their applications in cardiovascular disease diagnosis are explained in detail. The current biosensors for cardiac biomarker detection are also discussed, with an elaboration of the pros and cons of existing platforms and concluding with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Gerdan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul Beykent
University, Istanbul 34398, Turkey
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Department
of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department
of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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5
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Reja SI, Minoshima M, Hori Y, Kikuchi K. Recent advancements of fluorescent biosensors using semisynthetic probes. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 247:115862. [PMID: 38147718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent biosensors are crucial experimental tools for live-cell imaging and the quantification of different biological analytes. Fluorescent protein (FP)-based biosensors are widely used for imaging applications in living systems. However, the use of FP-based biosensors is hindered by their large size, poor photostability, and laborious genetic manipulations required to improve their properties. Recently, semisynthetic fluorescent biosensors have been developed to address the limitations of FP-based biosensors using chemically modified fluorescent probes and self-labeling protein tag/peptide tags or DNA/RNA-based hybrid systems. Semisynthetic biosensors have unique advantages, as they can be easily modified using different probes. Moreover, the self-labeling protein tag, which labels synthetically developed ligands via covalent bonds, has immense potential for biosensor development. This review discusses the recent progress in different types of fluorescent biosensors for metabolites, protein aggregation and degradation, DNA methylation, endocytosis and exocytosis, membrane tension, and cellular viscosity. Here, we explain in detail the design strategy and working principle of these biosensors. The information presented will help the reader to create new biosensors using self-labeling protein tags for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahi Imam Reja
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masafumi Minoshima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Shivangi, Mishra MK, Gupta S, Razdan K, Sudan S, Sehgal S. Clinical diagnosis of viral hepatitis: Current status and future strategies. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116151. [PMID: 38184983 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis (VH) is a significant public health issue with tremendous potential to aggravate into chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent decade has witnessed remarkable uprising in the drug development and effective treatment of VH. An upsurge is seen in identification of antiviral therapies with low rates of viral resistance, the improvement of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) vaccination and the development of direct-acting antivirals for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). But unfortunately, the "2030 worldwide eradication" objective of World Health Organization (WHO) is still unmet. It can be largely attributed to the deficit faced by the healthcare system concerning screening and diagnosis. A timely, accurate and comprehensive screening; encompassing maximum population coverage is essential to combat this disease. However, advancements in VH diagnostics remain inadequate and with a marginal use in routine practice. This paper deliberates upon the lacunae in traditional and prevailing diagnostic methodology of viral hepatitis, especially their inadequacy in meeting the unique situations prevailing low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu (J&K), India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu (J&K), India
| | | | - Konika Razdan
- Government Medical College, Bakshi Nagar, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Shashi Sudan
- Government Medical College, Bakshi Nagar, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Shelly Sehgal
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu (J&K), India.
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7
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Wang Y, Zhu L, Guo P, Zhang Y, Lan X, Xu W. Research progress of All-in-One PCR tube biosensors based on functional modification and intelligent fabrication. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115824. [PMID: 38029707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PCR amplification technology is the cornerstone of molecular biology. All-in-One PCR tube, as an emerging integrated device, is booming in biosensors application. All-in-One PCR tube biosensors are integrated PCR tubes designed for signal recognition, signal amplification or signal output. They enable "one-pot" detection within functionally modified and intelligently fabricated PCR tubes, effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional PCR applications, like complex procedural steps, risk of contamination and so on. Based on this, the review article summarizes the recent advance of All-in-One PCR tube biosensors for the first time as well as systematically categorizes five approaches of functional modification, three types of intelligent fabrication and relevant property characterization techniques. More emphasis is placed on the review of five ways of functional modification, including physical modification, chemical modification, UV photografting surface treatment, plasma surface modification, and layer-by-layer assembly coating. Moreover, All-in-One PCR tube biosensors covering different recognition elements range from small molecules to protein are detailed discussed on principle of sensing, providing a deeper understanding of the design and application of All-in-One-tube biosensor. Last, the future opportunities and challenges in this fascinating field are also deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peijin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yangzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinyue Lan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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8
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Jia Y, Chen S, Wang Q, Li J. Recent progress in biosensor regeneration techniques. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2834-2846. [PMID: 38291996 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Biosensors are widely used in various applications, from medical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. Their widespread and continuous use necessitates regeneration methods to ensure cost-effectiveness and sustainability. In the realm of advancing human-centric bioelectronics for continuous monitoring, employing these sensors for real-time, in situ detection of biomarkers presents a considerable challenge. This mini-review examines diverse strategies utilized for the regeneration of biosensors, categorizing them based on their underlying mechanisms and discussing representative works. We explore methods ranging from surface engineering/re-functionalization, chemical treatments, allosteric regulation of bioreceptors, to manipulations of electric/magnetic fields, highlighting their working principles and exemplary studies. The advantages of each method, such as simplicity, high regeneration efficiency, and versatility, are discussed alongside their challenges, including degradation over cycles, limited applicability, and potential damage to sensors. As the demand for continuous and real-time biosensing escalates, the development of efficient and reliable regeneration strategies becomes essential. This mini-review offers an overview of the current landscape of biosensor regeneration, aiming to guide future research and innovations in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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9
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Aydın EB, Aydın M, Sezgintürk MK. A new immunosensing platform based on conjugated Poly(ThidEp-co-EDOT) copolymer for resistin detection, a new obesity biomarker. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:69. [PMID: 38165489 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The design of a novel electrochemical impedimetric biosensor for label-free analysis of resistin, a biomarker for obesity, is reported. For the fabrication of the immunosensor, a novel approach composed of electrochemical copolymerization of double epoxy groups-substituted thiophene (ThidEp) and 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers was utilized. Anti-resistin antibodies were covalently attached to the copolymer-coated electrode. The capture of resistin antigens by anti-resistin antibodies caused significant variations in charge transfer resistance (Rct) because of the immunoreactions between these proteins. Under optimum experimental variables, the changes in impedance signals were employed for the determination of resistin antigen concentration, and the prepared immunosensor based on conjugated copolymer illustrated a wide linear range between 0.0125 and 22.5 pg/mL, a low detection limit (LOD) of 3.71 fg/mL, and a good sensitivity of 1.22 kΩ pg-1mL cm2. The excellent analytical performance of the resistin immunosensor in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, storage stability, and low detection limit might be attributed to the conductive copolymer film layer generation on the disposable indium tin oxide (ITO) platform. The capability of this system for the determination of resistin in human serum and saliva samples was also tested. The immunosensor results were in accordance with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results. The matrix effects of human serum and saliva were also investigated, and the proposed immunosensor displayed good recovery ranging from 95.91 to 106.25%. The engineered immunosensor could open new avenues for obesity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydın
- Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Aydın
- Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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10
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Watkins Z, McHenry A, Heikenfeld J. Wearing the Lab: Advances and Challenges in Skin-Interfaced Systems for Continuous Biochemical Sensing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:223-282. [PMID: 38273210 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Continuous, on-demand, and, most importantly, contextual data regarding individual biomarker concentrations exemplify the holy grail for personalized health and performance monitoring. This is well-illustrated for continuous glucose monitoring, which has drastically improved outcomes and quality of life for diabetic patients over the past 2 decades. Recent advances in wearable biosensing technologies (biorecognition elements, transduction mechanisms, materials, and integration schemes) have begun to make monitoring of other clinically relevant analytes a reality via minimally invasive skin-interfaced devices. However, several challenges concerning sensitivity, specificity, calibration, sensor longevity, and overall device lifetime must be addressed before these systems can be made commercially viable. In this chapter, a logical framework for developing a wearable skin-interfaced device for a desired application is proposed with careful consideration of the feasibility of monitoring certain analytes in sweat and interstitial fluid and the current development of the tools available to do so. Specifically, we focus on recent advancements in the engineering of biorecognition elements, the development of more robust signal transduction mechanisms, and novel integration schemes that allow for continuous quantitative analysis. Furthermore, we highlight the most compelling and promising prospects in the field of wearable biosensing and the challenges that remain in translating these technologies into useful products for disease management and for optimizing human performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Watkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Adam McHenry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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11
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Campbell E, Luxton T, Kohl D, Goodchild SA, Walti C, Jeuken LJC. Chimeric Protein Switch Biosensors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:1-35. [PMID: 38273207 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Rapid detection of protein and small-molecule analytes is a valuable technique across multiple disciplines, but most in vitro testing of biological or environmental samples requires long, laborious processes and trained personnel in laboratory settings, leading to long wait times for results and high expenses. Fusion of recognition with reporter elements has been introduced to detection methods such as enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA), with enzyme-conjugated secondary antibodies removing one of the many incubation and wash steps. Chimeric protein switch biosensors go further and provide a platform for homogenous mix-and-read assays where long wash and incubation steps are eradicated from the process. Chimeric protein switch biosensors consist of an enzyme switch (the reporter) coupled to a recognition element, where binding of the analyte results in switching the activity of the reporter enzyme on or off. Several chimeric protein switch biosensors have successfully been developed for analytes ranging from small molecule drugs to large protein biomarkers. There are two main formats of chimeric protein switch biosensor developed, one-component and multi-component, and these formats exhibit unique advantages and disadvantages. Genetically fusing a recognition protein to the enzyme switch has many advantages in the production and performance of the biosensor. A range of immune and synthetic binding proteins have been developed as alternatives to antibodies, including antibody mimetics or antibody fragments. These are mainly small, easily manipulated proteins and can be genetically fused to a reporter for recombinant expression or manipulated to allow chemical fusion. Here, aspects of chimeric protein switch biosensors will be reviewed with a comparison of different classes of recognition elements and switching mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Campbell
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Timothy Luxton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Declan Kohl
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Christoph Walti
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lars J C Jeuken
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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12
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Park SH, You Y. Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Biosensing for Foodborne Pathogen Detection. Foods 2023; 13:95. [PMID: 38201122 PMCID: PMC10778349 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ensuring safe high-quality food is an ongoing priority, yet consumers face heightened risk from foodborne pathogens due to extended supply chains and climate change in the food industry. Nanomaterial-based assays are popular and have recently been developed to ensure food safety and high quality. This review discusses strategies for utilizing gold nanoparticles in colorimetric biosensors. The visible-signal biosensor proves to be a potent sensing technique for directly measuring targets related to foodborne pathogens in the field of food analysis. Among visible-signal biosensors, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor has garnered increasing attention and experienced rapid development in recent years. This review succinctly introduces the origin of LSPR theory, providing detailed insights into its fundamental principles. Additionally, this review delves into the application of nanotechnology for the implementation of the LSPR biosensor, exploring methods for utilizing gold nanoparticles and elucidating the factors that influence the generation of visible signals. Several emerging technologies aimed at simple and rapid immunoassays for onsite applications have been introduced in the food industry. In the foreseeable future, field-friendly colorimetric biosensors could be adopted in food monitoring systems. The onsite and real-time detection of possible contaminants and biological substances in food and water is essential to ensure human health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsang You
- Department of Food Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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13
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Nguyen MD, Nguyen KN, Malo S, Banerjee I, Wu D, Du-Thumm L, Dauphin-Ducharme P. Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors for Measurements in Undiluted Human Saliva. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4625-4635. [PMID: 37992319 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Although blood remains a gold standard diagnostic fluid for most health exams, it involves an unpleasant and relatively invasive sampling procedure (finger pricking or venous draw). Saliva contains many relevant and useful biomarkers for diagnostic purposes, and its collection, in contrast, is noninvasive and can be obtained with minimal effort. Current saliva analyses are, however, achieved using chromatography or lateral flow assays, which, despite their high accuracy and sensitivity, can demand expensive laboratory-based instruments operated by trained personnel or offer only semiquantitative results. In response, we investigated electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) biosensors, a reagentless sensing platform, to allow for continuous and real-time measurements directly in undiluted, unstimulated human whole saliva. As a proof-of-concept study, we developed E-AB biosensors capable of detecting low-molecular-weight analytes (glucose and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)). To our knowledge, we report the first E-AB sensor for glucose, an approach that is inherently independent of its chemical reactivity in contrast to home glucometers. For these three sensors, we evaluated their figures of merits, stability, and reusability over short- and long-term exposure directly in saliva. In doing so, we found that E-AB sensors allow rapid and convenient molecular measurements in whole saliva with unprecedented sensitivities in the pico- to nanomolar regime and could be regenerated and reused up to 7 days when washed and stored in phosphate-buffered saline at room temperature. We envision that salivary molecular measurements using E-AB sensors are a promising alternative to invasive techniques and can be used for improved point-of-care clinical diagnosis and at-home measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Dat Nguyen
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Khoa-Nam Nguyen
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Samuel Malo
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Indrani Banerjee
- Colgate, Research and Development Center, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Donghui Wu
- Colgate, Research and Development Center, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Laurence Du-Thumm
- Colgate, Research and Development Center, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Kim JE, Kang JH, Kwon WH, Lee I, Park SJ, Kim CH, Jeong WJ, Choi JS, Kim K. Self-assembling biomolecules for biosensor applications. Biomater Res 2023; 27:127. [PMID: 38053161 PMCID: PMC10696764 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly has received considerable attention in biomedical fields as a simple and effective method for developing biomolecular nanostructures. Self-assembled nanostructures can exhibit high binding affinity and selectivity by displaying multiple ligands/receptors on their surface. In addition, the use of supramolecular structure change upon binding is an intriguing approach to generate binding signal. Therefore, many self-assembled nanostructure-based biosensors have been developed over the past decades, using various biomolecules (e.g., peptides, DNA, RNA, lipids) and their combinations with non-biological substances. In this review, we provide an overview of recent developments in the design and fabrication of self-assembling biomolecules for biosensing. Furthermore, we discuss representative electrochemical biosensing platforms which convert the biochemical reactions of those biomolecules into electrical signals (e.g., voltage, ampere, potential difference, impedance) to contribute to detect targets. This paper also highlights the successful outcomes of self-assembling biomolecules in biosensor applications and discusses the challenges that this promising technology needs to overcome for more widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon Hyeong Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Kwon
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Shik Choi
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Mir TUG, Wani AK, Akhtar N, Katoch V, Shukla S, Kadam US, Hong JC. Advancing biological investigations using portable sensors for detection of sensitive samples. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22679. [PMID: 38089995 PMCID: PMC10711145 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Portable biosensors are emerged as powerful diagnostic tools for analyzing intricately complex biological samples. These biosensors offer sensitive detection capabilities by utilizing biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, microbes or microbial products, antibodies, and enzymes. Their speed, accuracy, stability, specificity, and low cost make them indispensable in forensic investigations and criminal cases. Notably, portable biosensors have been developed to rapidly detect toxins, poisons, body fluids, and explosives; they have proven invaluable in forensic examinations of suspected samples, generating efficient results that enable effective and fair trials. One of the key advantages of portable biosensors is their ability to provide sensitive and non-destructive detection of forensic samples without requiring extensive sample preparation, thereby reducing the possibility of false results. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the current advancements in portable biosensors for the detection of sensitive materials, highlighting their significance in advancing investigations and enhancing sensitive sample detection capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir ul Gani Mir
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- State Forensic Science Laboratory, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
| | - Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Vaidehi Katoch
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Saurabh Shukla
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ulhas Sopanrao Kadam
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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16
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Štukovnik Z, Fuchs-Godec R, Bren U. Nanomaterials and Their Recent Applications in Impedimetric Biosensing. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:899. [PMID: 37887092 PMCID: PMC10605062 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Impedimetric biosensors measure changes in the electrical impedance due to a biochemical process, typically the binding of a biomolecule to a bioreceptor on the sensor surface. Nanomaterials can be employed to modify the biosensor's surface to increase the surface area available for biorecognition events, thereby improving the sensitivity and detection limits of the biosensor. Various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and graphene oxide nanoparticles, have been investigated for impedimetric biosensors. These nanomaterials have yielded promising results in improving sensitivity, selectivity, and overall biosensor performance. Hence, they offer a wide range of possibilities for developing advanced biosensing platforms that can be employed in various fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. This review focuses on the recent developments in nanoparticle-functionalized electrochemical-impedimetric biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Štukovnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (Z.Š.); (R.F.-G.)
| | - Regina Fuchs-Godec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (Z.Š.); (R.F.-G.)
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (Z.Š.); (R.F.-G.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška Ulica 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska ulica 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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17
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Lee UJ, Oh Y, Kwon OS, Park JM, Cho HM, Kim DH, Kim M. Single-Cell Detection of Erwinia amylovora Using Bio-Functionalized SIS Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7400. [PMID: 37687855 PMCID: PMC10490433 DOI: 10.3390/s23177400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a bio-functionalized solution-immersed silicon (SIS) sensor at the single-cell level to identify Erwinia amylovora (E. amylovora), a highly infectious bacterial pathogen responsible for fire blight, which is notorious for its rapid spread and destructive impact on apple and pear orchards. This method allows for ultra-sensitive measurements without pre-amplification or labeling compared to conventional methods. To detect a single cell of E. amylovora, we used Lipopolysaccharide Transporter E (LptE), which is involved in the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the surface of the outer membrane of E. amylovora, as a capture agent. We confirmed that LptE interacts with E. amylovora via LPS through in-house ELISA analysis, then used it to construct the sensor chip by immobilizing the capture molecule on the sensor surface modified with 3'-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The LptE-based SIS sensor exhibited the sensitive and specific detection of the target bacterial cell in real time. The dose-response curve shows a linearity (R2 > 0.992) with wide dynamic ranges from 1 to 107 cells/mL for the target bacterial pathogen. The sensor showed the value change (dΨ) of approximately 0.008° for growing overlayer thickness induced from a single-cell E. amylovora, while no change in the control bacterial cell (Bacillus subtilis) was observed, or negligible change, if any. Furthermore, the bacterial sensor demonstrated a potential for the continuous detection of E. amylovora through simple surface regeneration, enabling its reusability. Taken together, our system has the potential to be applied in fields where early symptoms are not observed and where single-cell or ultra-sensitive detection is required, such as plant bacterial pathogen detection, foodborne pathogen monitoring and analysis, and pathogenic microbial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui Jin Lee
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yunkwang Oh
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Mo Cho
- Division of Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Hyung Kim
- Division of Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
| | - Moonil Kim
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
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18
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Vanaraj R, Arumugam B, Mayakrishnan G, Kim IS, Kim SC. A Review on Electrospun Nanofiber Composites for an Efficient Electrochemical Sensor Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6705. [PMID: 37571489 PMCID: PMC10422532 DOI: 10.3390/s23156705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The present review article discusses the elementary concepts of the sensor mechanism and various types of materials used for sensor applications. The electrospinning method is the most comfortable method to prepare the device-like structure by means of forming from the fiber structure. Though there are various materials available for sensors, the important factor is to incorporate the functional group on the surface of the materials. The post-modification sanction enhances the efficiency of the sensor materials. This article also describes the various types of materials applied to chemical and biosensor applications. The chemical sensor parts include acetone, ethanol, ammonia, and CO2, H2O2, and NO2 molecules; meanwhile, the biosensor takes on glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol molecules. The above materials have to be sensed for a healthier lifestyle for humans and other living organisms. The prescribed review articles give a detailed report on the Electrospun materials for sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Vanaraj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (R.V.); (B.A.)
| | - Bharathi Arumugam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (R.V.); (B.A.)
| | - Gopiraman Mayakrishnan
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Molecules and Polymers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda 386-8567, Nagano, Japan;
| | - Ick Soo Kim
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Molecules and Polymers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda 386-8567, Nagano, Japan;
| | - Seong Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (R.V.); (B.A.)
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19
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Alshammari A, van Zalinge H, Sandall I. In Situ Monitoring of Aptamer-Protein Binding on a ZnO Surface Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6353. [PMID: 37514647 PMCID: PMC10385375 DOI: 10.3390/s23146353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The dissolution of zinc oxide is investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry to investigate its suitability as a platform for biosensing applications. The results indicate that once the ZnO surface has been functionalised, it is suitably protected, and no significant dissolving of the ZnO occurs. The binding kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on aptamer-functionalised zinc oxide surfaces are subsequently investigated. Values are extracted for the refractive index and associated optical constants for both the aptamer layer used and the protein itself. It is shown that upon an initial exposure to the protein, a rapid fluctuation in the surface density is observed. After around 20 min, this effect stabilises, and a fixed increase in the surface density is observed, which itself increases as the concentration of the protein is increased. This technique and setup are demonstrated to have a limit-of-detection down to 1 nanomole (nM) and display a linear response to concentrations up to 100 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeem Alshammari
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Harm van Zalinge
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Ian Sandall
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK
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20
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Peteni S, Ozoemena OC, Khawula T, Haruna AB, Rawson FJ, Shai LJ, Ola O, Ozoemena KI. Electrochemical Immunosensor for Ultra-Low Detection of Human Papillomavirus Biomarker for Cervical Cancer. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37384904 PMCID: PMC10391710 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent for cervical cancer. Of the various types of HPV, the high-risk HPV-16 type is the most important antigenic high-risk HPV. In this work, the antigenic HPV-16 L1 peptide was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode and used to detect several concentrations of the anti-HPV-16 L1 antibody, and vice versa. Two electrode platforms were used: onion-like carbon (OLC) and its polyacrylonitrile (OLC-PAN) composites. Both platforms gave a wide linear concentration range (1.95 fg/mL to 6.25 ng/mL), excellent sensitivity (>5.2 μA/log ([HPV-16 L1, fg/mL]), and extra-ordinarily low limit of detection (LoD) of 1.83 fg/mL (32.7 aM) and 0.61 fg/mL (10.9 aM) for OLC-PAN and OLC-based immunosensors, respectively. OLC-PAN modified with the HPV-16 L1 protein showed low LoD for the HPV-16 L1 antibody (2.54 fg/mL, i.e., 45.36 aM), proving its potential use for screening purposes. The specificity of detection was proven with the anti-ovalbumin antibody (anti-OVA) and native ovalbumin protein (OVA). An immobilized antigenic HPV-16 L1 peptide showed insignificant interaction with anti-OVA in contrast with the excellent interaction with anti-HPV-16 L1 antibody, thus proving high specificity. The application of the immunosensor as a potential point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic device was investigated with screen-printed carbon electrodes, which detected ultra-low (ca. 0.7 fg/mL ≈ 12.5 aM) and high (ca. 12 μg/mL ≈ 0.21 μM) concentrations. This study represents the lowest LoD reported for HPV-16 L1. It opens the door for further investigation with other electrode platforms and realization of PoC diagnostic devices for screening and testing of HPV biomarkers for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwaphiwe Peteni
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Okoroike C Ozoemena
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Tobile Khawula
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Aderemi B Haruna
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Leshweni J Shai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Oluwafunmilola Ola
- Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Kenneth I Ozoemena
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
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21
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Nah SH, Unsihuay D, Wang P, Yang S. A Highly Sensitive and Specific Photonic Crystal-Based Opioid Sensor with Rapid Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:27647-27657. [PMID: 37252783 PMCID: PMC10636717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Opioid misuse and overdose have caused devastating public health challenges and economic burdens, calling for the need of rapid, accurate sensitive opioid sensors. Here, we report a photonic crystal-based opioid sensor in the total internal reflection configuration, providing label-free, rapid, quantitative measurements through change of the refractive index. The one-dimensional photonic crystal with a defect layer that is immobilized with opioid antibodies acts as a resonator with an open microcavity. The highly accessible structure responds to analytes within a minute after the aqueous opioid solution is introduced, achieving the highest sensitivity of 5688.8 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) at the incident angle of 63.03°. Our sensor shows a limit of detection (LOD) of 7 ng/mL for morphine in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) solutions, well below the required clinical detection limit, and an LOD of 6 ng/mL for fentanyl in PBS, close to the clinical requirement. The sensor can selectively detect fentanyl from a mixture of morphine and fentanyl and be regenerated in 2 min with up to 93.66% recovery rate after five cycles. The efficacy of our sensor is further validated in artificial interstitial fluid and human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Nah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - Daisy Unsihuay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
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22
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Sauge-Merle S, Recuerda M, Beccia MR, Lemaire D, Cherif R, Bremond N, Merola F, Bousmah Y, Berthomieu C. Development of an Efficient FRET-Based Ratiometric Uranium Biosensor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050561. [PMID: 37232922 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The dispersion of uranium in the environment can pose a problem for the health of humans and other living organisms. It is therefore important to monitor the bioavailable and hence toxic fraction of uranium in the environment, but no efficient measurement methods exist for this. Our study aims to fill this gap by developing a genetically encoded FRET-based ratiometric uranium biosensor. This biosensor was constructed by grafting two fluorescent proteins to both ends of calmodulin, a protein that binds four calcium ions. By modifying the metal-binding sites and the fluorescent proteins, several versions of the biosensor were generated and characterized in vitro. The best combination results in a biosensor that is affine and selective for uranium compared to metals such as calcium or other environmental compounds (sodium, magnesium, chlorine). It has a good dynamic range and should be robust to environmental conditions. In addition, its detection limit is below the uranium limit concentration in drinking water defined by the World Health Organization. This genetically encoded biosensor is a promising tool to develop a uranium whole-cell biosensor. This would make it possible to monitor the bioavailable fraction of uranium in the environment, even in calcium-rich waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Sauge-Merle
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, IPM, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Morgane Recuerda
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, IPM, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Maria Rosa Beccia
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France
| | - David Lemaire
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, IPM, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Rym Cherif
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, IPM, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Nicolas Bremond
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, IPM, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Fabienne Merola
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Yasmina Bousmah
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Berthomieu
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, IPM, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
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23
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Flynn CD, Chang D, Mahmud A, Yousefi H, Das J, Riordan KT, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Biomolecular sensors for advanced physiological monitoring. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:1-16. [PMID: 37359771 PMCID: PMC10173248 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Body-based biomolecular sensing systems, including wearable, implantable and consumable sensors allow comprehensive health-related monitoring. Glucose sensors have long dominated wearable bioanalysis applications owing to their robust continuous detection of glucose, which has not yet been achieved for other biomarkers. However, access to diverse biological fluids and the development of reagentless sensing approaches may enable the design of body-based sensing systems for various analytes. Importantly, enhancing the selectivity and sensitivity of biomolecular sensors is essential for biomarker detection in complex physiological conditions. In this Review, we discuss approaches for the signal amplification of biomolecular sensors, including techniques to overcome Debye and mass transport limitations, and selectivity improvement, such as the integration of artificial affinity recognition elements. We highlight reagentless sensing approaches that can enable sequential real-time measurements, for example, the implementation of thin-film transistors in wearable devices. In addition to sensor construction, careful consideration of physical, psychological and security concerns related to body-based sensor integration is required to ensure that the transition from the laboratory to the human body is as seamless as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor D. Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Dingran Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alam Mahmud
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Hanie Yousefi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Kimberly T. Riordan
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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24
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Karuppaiah G, Vashist A, Nair M, Veerapandian M, Manickam P. Emerging trends in point-of-care biosensing strategies for molecular architectures and antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS: X 2023; 13:100324. [PMID: 36844889 PMCID: PMC9941073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, a highly contagious viral infection caused by the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has turned out to be a viral pandemic then ravaged many countries worldwide. In the recent years, point-of-care (POC) biosensors combined with state-of-the-art bioreceptors, and transducing systems enabled the development of novel diagnostic tools for rapid and reliable detection of biomarkers associated with SARS-CoV-2. The present review thoroughly summarises and discusses various biosensing strategies developed for probing SARS-CoV-2 molecular architectures (viral genome, S Protein, M protein, E protein, N protein and non-structural proteins) and antibodies as a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19. This review discusses the various structural components of SARS-CoV-2, their binding regions and the bioreceptors used for recognizing the structural components. The various types of clinical specimens investigated for rapid and POC detection of SARS-CoV-2 is also highlighted. The importance of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in improving the biosensor performance for real-time and reagent-free monitoring the biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 is also summarized. This review also encompasses existing practical challenges and prospects for developing new POC biosensors for clinical monitoring of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Karuppaiah
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arti Vashist
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Murugan Veerapandian
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ruankham W, Morales Frías IA, Phopin K, Tantimongcolwat T, Bausells J, Zine N, Errachid A. One-step impedimetric NT-proBNP aptasensor targeting cardiac insufficiency in artificial saliva. Talanta 2023; 256:124280. [PMID: 36696735 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Currently, sensitive and accurate approaches for diagnosis, rapid assessment, and cardiac biomarker monitoring in patients with heart failure are needed. In this context, the advantages of aptamers over traditional antibodies have been employed to fabricate a single-step impedimetric N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)-modified gold microelectrode array. The development of an electrochemical aptasensing platform was based on the coimmobilization of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers and amine-terminated aptamer that specifically recognized cardiac NT-proBNP protein resulting in charge electron transfer. Electroimpedimetric signals of the sensor were observed to be linear to the NT-proBNP concentrations in the range of 5.0 × 10-3 to 1.0 pg mL-1 (R2 = 0.9624), while achieving a low detection limit of 5.0 × 10-3 pg mL-1. Clinically relevant detection levels for NT-proBNP were achieved in a simple, rapid, and label-free measurement using artificial saliva, which was highlighted to be specific, regenerative, and selective over potential interferers occurring during the processes of cardiac insufficiency, Therefore, the novel NT-proBNP aptasensor is a promising point-of-care tool exhibiting safe, non-invasive, affordable, and non-prescription home use accessible to overcome the limitations associated with conventional ELISA and previous aptasensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waralee Ruankham
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Kamonrat Phopin
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Tanawut Tantimongcolwat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Joan Bausells
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM-CSIC), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Nadia Zine
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, 69100, France
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, 69100, France.
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Wen K, Chen Y, Meng X, Botros S, Dai W, Stojanovic MN, Tomer R, Lin Q. A Microfluidic Dual-Aptamer Sandwich Assay for Rapid and Cost-Effective Detection of Recombinant Proteins. Microchem J 2023; 188:108454. [PMID: 36992861 PMCID: PMC10041396 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
While monitoring expression of recombinant proteins is essential for obtaining high-quality biopharmaceutical and biotechnological products, existing assays for recombinant protein detection are laborious, time-consuming and expensive. This paper presents a microfluidic approach to rapid and cost-effective detection of tag-fused recombinant proteins via a dual-aptamer sandwich assay. Our approach addresses limitations in current methods for both dual-aptamer assays and generation of aptamers for such assays by first using microfluidic technology to isolate the aptamers rapidly and then employing these aptamers to implement a microfluidic dual-aptamer assay for tag-fused recombinant protein detection. The use of microfluidic technology enables the fast generation of aptamers and rapid detection of recombinant proteins with minimized consumption of reagents. In addition, compared with antibodies, aptamers as low-cost affinity reagents with an ability of reversible denaturation further decreases the cost of recombinant protein detection. For demonstration, an aptamer pair is isolated rapidly toward His-tagged IgE within two days, and then used in the microfluidic dual-aptamer assay for detecting His-tagged IgE in cell culture media within 10 min and with a limit of detection of 7.1 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechun Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yannan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Samantha Botros
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Wenting Dai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Milan N. Stojanovic
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Raju Tomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Erdem A, Yildiz E, Senturk H, Maral M. Implementation of 3D printing technologies to electrochemical and optical biosensors developed for biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 230:115385. [PMID: 37054602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been applied in many areas. In recent years, new generation biosensorshave been emerged with the progress on 3D printing technology (3DPT) . Especially in the development of optical and electrochemical biosensors, 3DPT provides many advantages such as low cost, easy to manufacturing, being disposable and allow point of care testing. In this review, recent trends in the development of 3DPT based electrochemical and optical biosensors with their applications in the field of biomedical and pharmaceutical are examined. In addition, the advantages, disadvantages and future opportunities of 3DPT are discussed.
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Katayama R, Sakata T. Effect of Surface Modification on the Fundamental Electrical Characteristics of Solution-Gated Indium Tin Oxide-Based Thin-Film Transistor Fabricated by One-Step Sputtering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4282-4290. [PMID: 36930607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Our solution-gated indium tin oxide (ITO)-based thin-film transistor (TFT) produced by single-step sputtering has great future potential in bioelectronics. In particular, chemical modifications of the ITO channel surface are expected to contribute to biomolecular recognition with ultrahigh sensitivity owing to a remarkably steep subthreshold slope (SS). In this study, we investigate the effect of a chemical modification of an aptamer as a receptor molecule at the ITO channel surface on the electrical characteristics of the solution-gated TFT. In this case, a SARS-CoV-2 aptamer is immobilized using a spacer molecule on an aryl diazonium monolayer that is electrochemically deposited with a radical scavenger. The monolayer is expected to not only passivate the ITO channel surface but also change the electron density in the ITO channel owing to the reduction reaction of aryl diazonium salts. Indeed, the electrochemical deposition of aryl diazonium salts decreases the leakage current through the ITO channel surface and provides a steep SS, which is near the thermal limit at 300 K, owing to the decrease in depletion layer capacitance. After the aptamer immobilization, the leakage current and SS unexpectedly return close to their original values before the surface modifications. This finding indicates that aptamer molecules should be carefully used because their negative charges would attract cations around the detection interface. Eventually, the solution-gated ITO-based TFT with the SARS-CoV-2 aptamer clearly responds to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 particles owing to the successful surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsu Katayama
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sakata
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Wang Z, Lou X. Recent Progress in Functional-Nucleic-Acid-Based Fluorescent Fiber-Optic Evanescent Wave Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040425. [PMID: 37185500 PMCID: PMC10135899 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors capable of onsite and continuous detection of environmental and food pollutants and biomarkers are highly desired, but only a few sensing platforms meet the "2-SAR" requirements (sensitivity, specificity, affordability, automation, rapidity, and reusability). A fiber optic evanescent wave (FOEW) sensor is an attractive type of portable device that has the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, good reusability, and long-term stability. By utilizing functional nucleic acids (FNAs) such as aptamers, DNAzymes, and rational designed nucleic acid probes as specific recognition ligands, the FOEW sensor has been demonstrated to be a general sensing platform for the onsite and continuous detection of various targets ranging from small molecules and heavy metal ions to proteins, nucleic acids, and pathogens. In this review, we cover the progress of the fluorescent FNA-based FOEW biosensor since its first report in 1995. We focus on the chemical modification of the optical fiber and the sensing mechanisms for the five above-mentioned types of targets. The challenges and prospects on the isolation of high-quality aptamers, reagent-free detection, long-term stability under application conditions, and high throughput are also included in this review to highlight the future trends for the development of FOEW biosensors capable of onsite and continuous detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan North Road. 105, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinhui Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan North Road. 105, Beijing 100048, China
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30
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Mo M, Fu B, Hota P, Cay-Durgun P, Wang R, Cheng EH, Wiktor P, Tsow F, Thomas L, Lind ML, Forzani E. Threshold-Responsive Colorimetric Sensing System for the Continuous Monitoring of Gases. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3496. [PMID: 37050555 PMCID: PMC10098906 DOI: 10.3390/s23073496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric sensors are widely used because of their inherent advantages including accuracy, rapid response, ease-of-use, and low costs; however, they usually lack reusability, which precludes the continuous use of a single sensor. We have developed a threshold-responsive colorimetric system that enables repeated analyte measurements by a single colorimetric sensor. The threshold responsive algorithm automatically adjusts the sensor exposure time to the analyte and measurement frequency according to the sensor response. The system registers the colorimetric sensor signal change rate, prevents the colorimetric sensor from reaching saturation, and allows the sensor to fully regenerate before the next measurement is started. The system also addresses issues common to colorimetric sensors, including the response time and range of detection. We demonstrate the benefits and feasibility of this novel system, using colorimetric sensors for ammonia and carbon dioxide gases for continuous monitoring of up to (at least) 60 detection cycles without signs of analytical performance degradation of the sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Mo
- Health Futures Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Bo Fu
- Health Futures Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Piyush Hota
- Health Futures Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Pinar Cay-Durgun
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Ran Wang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Edward H. Cheng
- Health Futures Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Peter Wiktor
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Francis Tsow
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Leslie Thomas
- Health Futures Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Mary Laura Lind
- Health Futures Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Erica Forzani
- Health Futures Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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31
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Pandey R, Lu Y, McConnell EM, Osman E, Scott A, Gu J, Hoare T, Soleymani L, Li Y. Electrochemical DNAzyme-based biosensors for disease diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 224:114983. [PMID: 36640547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNAzyme-based electrochemical biosensors provide exceptional analytical sensitivity and high target recognition specificity for disease diagnosis. This review provides a critical perspective on the fundamental and applied impact of incorporating DNAzymes in the field of electrochemical biosensing. Specifically, we highlight recent advances in creating DNAzyme-based electrochemical biosensors for diagnosing infectious diseases, cancer and regulatory diseases. We also develop an understanding of challenges around translating the research in the field of DNAzyme-based electrochemical biosensors from labs to clinics, followed by a discussion on different strategies that can be applied to enhance the performance of the currently existing technologies to create truly point-of-care electrochemical DNAzyme biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pandey
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Erin M McConnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Enas Osman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alexander Scott
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jimmy Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Michael G. DeGroot Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Yingfu Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Michael G. DeGroot Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Sabaté Del Río J, Ro J, Yoon H, Park TE, Cho YK. Integrated technologies for continuous monitoring of organs-on-chips: Current challenges and potential solutions. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 224:115057. [PMID: 36640548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are biomimetic in vitro systems based on microfluidic cell cultures that recapitulate the in vivo physicochemical microenvironments and the physiologies and key functional units of specific human organs. These systems are versatile and can be customized to investigate organ-specific physiology, pathology, or pharmacology. They are more physiologically relevant than traditional two-dimensional cultures, can potentially replace the animal models or reduce the use of these models, and represent a unique opportunity for the development of personalized medicine when combined with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Continuous monitoring of important quality parameters of OoCs via a label-free, non-destructive, reliable, high-throughput, and multiplex method is critical for assessing the conditions of these systems and generating relevant analytical data; moreover, elaboration of quality predictive models is required for clinical trials of OoCs. Presently, these analytical data are obtained by manual or automatic sampling and analyzed using single-point, off-chip traditional methods. In this review, we describe recent efforts to integrate biosensing technologies into OoCs for monitoring the physiologies, functions, and physicochemical microenvironments of OoCs. Furthermore, we present potential alternative solutions to current challenges and future directions for the application of artificial intelligence in the development of OoCs and cyber-physical systems. These "smart" OoCs can learn and make autonomous decisions for process optimization, self-regulation, and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sabaté Del Río
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Ro
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejeong Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Guedes PHG, Brussasco JG, Moço ACR, Moraes DD, Segatto M, Flauzino JMR, Mendes-Silva AP, Vieira CU, Madurro JM, Brito-Madurro AG. A highly reusable genosensor for late-life depression diagnosis based on microRNA 184 attomolar detection in human plasma. Talanta 2023; 258:124342. [PMID: 36940569 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Late-Life Depression (LLD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in elderly, causing significant functional impairments. MicroRNAs are small molecules involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Elderly individuals diagnosed with LLD present down regulation of miR-184 (hsa-miR-184) expression compared to healthy patients. Therefore, this miR-184 can be used as a biomarker to diagnose LLD. Current LLD diagnosis depends primarily on clinical subjective identification, based on symptoms and variable scales. This work introduces a novel and facile approach for the LLD diagnosis based on the development of an electrochemical genosensor for miR-184 detection in plasma, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). DPV results presented a 2-Fold increase in current value for healthy patients, compared to individuals with LLD when monitoring ethidium bromide oxidation peak. For EIS, a 1.5-fold increase in charge transfer resistance for healthy elderly subjects was observed in comparison with depressed patients. In addition, the analytical performance of the biosensor was evaluated using DPV, obtaining a linear response ranging from 10-9 mol L-1 to 10-17 mol L-1 of miR-184 in plasma and a detection limit of 10 atomoles L-1. The biosensor presented reusability, selectivity and stability, the current response remained 72% up to 50 days of storage. Thus, the genosensor proved to be efficient in the diagnosis of LLD, as well as the accurate quantification of miR-184 in real plasma samples of healthy and depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H G Guedes
- Institute of Biotecnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Jéssica G Brussasco
- Institute of Biotecnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Anna C R Moço
- Institute of Biotecnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Dayane D Moraes
- Institute of Biotecnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Monica Segatto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - José M R Flauzino
- Institute of Biotecnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Ana P Mendes-Silva
- Institute of Biotecnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos U Vieira
- Institute of Biotecnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - João M Madurro
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Ana G Brito-Madurro
- Institute of Biotecnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
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34
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Cognetti JS, Moen MT, Brewer MG, Bryan MR, Tice JD, McGrath JL, Miller BL. A photonic biosensor-integrated tissue chip platform for real-time sensing of lung epithelial inflammatory markers. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:239-250. [PMID: 36594179 PMCID: PMC10311125 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00864e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue chip (TC) devices, also known as microphysiological systems (MPS) or organ chips (OCs or OoCs), seek to mimic human physiology on a small scale. They are intended to improve upon animal models in terms of reproducibility and human relevance, at a lower monetary and ethical cost. Virtually all TC systems are analyzed at an endpoint, leading to widespread recognition that new methods are needed to enable sensing of specific biomolecules in real time, as they are being produced by the cells. To address this need, we incorporated photonic biosensors for inflammatory cytokines into a model TC. Human bronchial epithelial cells seeded in a microfluidic device were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, and the cytokines secreted in response sensed in real time. Sensing analyte transport through the TC in response to disruption of tissue barrier was also demonstrated. This work demonstrates the first application of photonic sensors to a human TC device, and will enable new applications in drug development and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Cognetti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Maya T Moen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Matthew G Brewer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Michael R Bryan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
- Program in Materials Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Benjamin L Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Program in Materials Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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35
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Saffari Z, Sepahi M, Ahangari-Cohan R, Khoobi M, Hamidi-Fard M, Ghavidel A, Aghasadeghi MR, Norouzian D. A quartz crystal microbalance biosensor based on polyethylenimine-modified gold electrode to detect hepatitis B biomarker. Anal Biochem 2023; 661:114981. [PMID: 36400147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers-based QCM-biosensors are suitable tools for the label-free detection of infectious diseases. In the current study, a QCM-biosensor was developed for the detection of HBsAg. Briefly, anti-HBsAg antibodies were covalently bound to the primary amines after PEI and thiolated-PEI surface modifications of gold-electrode. After RSM optimization, the statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the immobilization yields of modified layers. Therefore, the PEI-modified QCM-biosensor was selected for further analysis. The PEI-surface was evaluated by FESEM, AFM, ATR-FTIR, and CA measurement. The surface hydrophilicity and its roughness were increased after PEI-coating. Also, FTIR confirmed the PEI-layering on the gold-surface. RSM optimization increased the antibody immobilization yield up to 80%. The QCM-biosensor showed noteworthy results with a wide dynamic range of 1-1 × 103 ng/mL, LOD of 3.14 ng/mL, LOQ of 9.52 ng/mL, and detection capability in human-sera, which were comparable with the ELISA. The mean accuracy of the QCM-biosensor was obtained at 91% when measured by the spike recovery test using human-sera. The biosensor was completely regenerated using 50 mM NaOH and 1% SDS. The benefits provided by the developed biosensor such as broad dynamic range, sensitivity, selectivity, stability, regenerate ability, and low cost suggest its potential application for the non-invasive and timely monitoring of HBV-biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saffari
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Sepahi
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari-Cohan
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Departments of Radio Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Ghavidel
- Physics Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi
- Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Dariush Norouzian
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Cruz DM, Mostafavi E, Vernet-Crua A, O’Connell CP, Barabadi H, Mobini S, Cholula-Díaz JL, Guisbiers G, García-Martín JM, Webster TJ. Green nanotechnology and nanoselenium for biomedical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Puumala LS, Grist SM, Morales JM, Bickford JR, Chrostowski L, Shekhar S, Cheung KC. Biofunctionalization of Multiplexed Silicon Photonic Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:bios13010053. [PMID: 36671887 PMCID: PMC9855810 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon photonic (SiP) sensors offer a promising platform for robust and low-cost decentralized diagnostics due to their high scalability, low limit of detection, and ability to integrate multiple sensors for multiplexed analyte detection. Their CMOS-compatible fabrication enables chip-scale miniaturization, high scalability, and low-cost mass production. Sensitive, specific detection with silicon photonic sensors is afforded through biofunctionalization of the sensor surface; consequently, this functionalization chemistry is inextricably linked to sensor performance. In this review, we first highlight the biofunctionalization needs for SiP biosensors, including sensitivity, specificity, cost, shelf-stability, and replicability and establish a set of performance criteria. We then benchmark biofunctionalization strategies for SiP biosensors against these criteria, organizing the review around three key aspects: bioreceptor selection, immobilization strategies, and patterning techniques. First, we evaluate bioreceptors, including antibodies, aptamers, nucleic acid probes, molecularly imprinted polymers, peptides, glycans, and lectins. We then compare adsorption, bioaffinity, and covalent chemistries for immobilizing bioreceptors on SiP surfaces. Finally, we compare biopatterning techniques for spatially controlling and multiplexing the biofunctionalization of SiP sensors, including microcontact printing, pin- and pipette-based spotting, microfluidic patterning in channels, inkjet printing, and microfluidic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S. Puumala
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samantha M. Grist
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
| | - Jennifer M. Morales
- Army Research Laboratory, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Justin R. Bickford
- Army Research Laboratory, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Lukas Chrostowski
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sudip Shekhar
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen C. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Štukovnik Z, Bren U. Recent Developments in Electrochemical-Impedimetric Biosensors for Virus Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415922. [PMID: 36555560 PMCID: PMC9788240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses, including influenza viruses, MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus), SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), HAV (Hepatitis A virus), HBV (Hepatitis B virus), HCV (Hepatitis C virus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), EBOV (Ebola virus), ZIKV (Zika virus), and most recently SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), are responsible for many diseases that result in hundreds of thousands of deaths yearly. The ongoing outbreak of the COVID-19 disease has raised a global concern and intensified research on the detection of viruses and virus-related diseases. Novel methods for the sensitive, rapid, and on-site detection of pathogens, such as the recent SARS-CoV-2, are critical for diagnosing and treating infectious diseases before they spread and affect human health worldwide. In this sense, electrochemical impedimetric biosensors could be applied for virus detection on a large scale. This review focuses on the recent developments in electrochemical-impedimetric biosensors for the detection of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Štukovnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška ulica 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska ulica 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Deng CF, Su YY, Yang SH, Jiang QR, Xie R, Ju XJ, Liu Z, Pan DW, Wang W, Chu LY. Designable microfluidic ladder networks from backstepping microflow analysis for mass production of monodisperse microdroplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1702-1713. [PMID: 36420612 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01056e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Controllable mass production of monodisperse droplets plays a key role in numerous fields ranging from scientific research to industrial application. Microfluidic ladder networks show great potential in mass production of monodisperse droplets, but their design with uniform microflow distribution remains challenging due to the lack of a rational design strategy. Here an effective design strategy based on backstepping microflow analysis (BMA) is proposed for the rational development of microfluidic ladder networks for mass production of controllable monodisperse microdroplets. The performance of our BMA rule for rational microfluidic ladder network design is demonstrated by using an existing analogism-derived rule that is widely used for the design of microfluidic ladder networks as the control group. The microfluidic ladder network designed by the BMA rule shows a more uniform flow distribution in each branch microchannel than that designed by the existing rule, as confirmed by single-phase flow simulation. Meanwhile, the microfluidic ladder network designed by the BMA rule allows mass production of droplets with higher size monodispersity in a wider window of flow rates and mass production of polymeric microspheres from such highly monodisperse droplet templates. The proposed BMA rule provides new insights into the microflow distribution behaviors in microfluidic ladder networks based on backstepping microflow analysis and provides a rational guideline for the efficient development of microfluidic ladder networks with uniform flow distribution for mass production of highly monodisperse droplets. Moreover, the BMA method provides a general analysis strategy for microfluidic networks with parallel multiple microchannels for rational scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Fu Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yao-Yao Su
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Shi-Hao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Qing-Rong Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Da-Wei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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Perera GS, Rahman MA, Blazevski A, Wood A, Walia S, Bhaskaran M, Sriram S. Rapid Conductometric Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins and Its Variants Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 8:2200965. [PMID: 36718387 PMCID: PMC9877662 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202200965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) biosensors have captured more attention than the conventional methodologies for SARS-CoV-2 detection due to having cost-effective platforms and fast detection. However, these reported SARS-CoV-2 biosensors suffer from drawbacks including issues in detection sensitivity, degradation of biomaterials on the sensor's surface, and incapability to reuse the biosensors. To overcome these shortcomings, molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) incorporated conductometric biosensor for highly accurate, rapid, and selective detection of two model SARS-CoV-2 proteins: (i) receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) glycoprotein and (ii) full length trimeric spike protein are introduced. In addition, these biosensors successfully responded to several other SARS-CoV-2 RBD spike protein variants including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. Our conductometric biosensor selectively detects the two model proteins and SARS-CoV-2 RBD spike protein variant samples in real-time with sensitivity to a detection limit of 7 pg mL-1 within 10 min of sample incubation. A battery-free, wireless near-field communication (NFC) interface is incorporated with the biosensor for fast and contactless detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants. The smartphone enabled real-time detection and on-screen rapid result for SARS-CoV-2 variants can curve the outbreak due to its ability to alert the user to infection in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganganath S. Perera
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research FacilityRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research FacilityRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - April Blazevski
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research FacilityRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | | | - Sumeet Walia
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research FacilityRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Madhu Bhaskaran
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research FacilityRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Sharath Sriram
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research FacilityRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
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Verma NK, Raghav N. Cellulose tosylate as support for α-amylase immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:413-420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ultrasensitive evanescent wave optical fiber aptasensor for online, continuous, type-specific detection of sulfonamides in environmental water. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1233:340505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ma Z, Meliana C, Munawaroh HSH, Karaman C, Karimi-Maleh H, Low SS, Show PL. Recent advances in the analytical strategies of microbial biosensor for detection of pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135515. [PMID: 35772520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biosensor which integrates different types of microorganisms, such as bacteria, microalgae, fungi, and virus have become suitable technologies to address limitations of conventional analytical methods. The main applications of biosensors include the detection of environmental pollutants, pathogenic bacteria and compounds related to illness, and food quality. Each type of microorganisms possesses advantages and disadvantages with different mechanisms to detect the analytes of interest. Furthermore, there is an increasing trend in genetic modifications for the development of microbial biosensors due to potential for high-throughput analysis and portability. Many review articles have discussed the applications of microbial biosensor, but many of them focusing only about bacterial-based biosensor although other microbes also possess many advantages. Additionally, reviews on the applications of all microbes as biosensor especially viral and microbial fuel cell biosensors are also still limited. Therefore, this review summarizes all the current applications of bacterial-, microalgal-, fungal-, viral-based biosensor in regard to environmental, food, and medical-related applications. The underlying mechanism of each microbes to detect the analytes are also discussed. Additionally, microbial fuel cell biosensors which have great potential in the future are also discussed. Although many advantageous microbial-based biosensors have been discovered, other areas such as forensic detection, early detection of bacteria or virus species that can lead to pandemics, and others still need further investigation. With that said, microbial-based biosensors have promising potential for vast applications where the biosensing performance of various microorganisms are presented in this review along with future perspectives to resolve problems related on microbial biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Catarina Meliana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, Indonesia International Institute of Life Sciences, Jakarta, 13210, Indonesia
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Study Program of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia
| | - Ceren Karaman
- Akdeniz University, Department of Electricity and Energy, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, 9477177870, Iran
| | - Sze Shin Low
- Research Centre of Life Science and Healthcare, China Beacons Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Lee SE, Jeong SE, Hong JS, Im H, Hwang SY, Oh JK, Kim SE. Gold-Nanoparticle-Coated Magnetic Beads for ALP-Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Immunosensing in Human Plasma. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15196875. [PMID: 36234217 PMCID: PMC9573121 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive AuNP-coated magnetic beads (AMB)-based electrochemical biosensor platform was fabricated for bioassay. In this study, AuNP-conjugated magnetic particles were successfully prepared using biotin-streptavidin conjugation. The morphology and structure of the nanocomplex were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to investigate the effect of AuNP-MB on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for electrochemical signal enhancement. An ALP-based electrochemical (EC) immunoassay was performed on the developed AuNP-MB complex with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Subsequently, the concentration of capture antibodies was well-optimized on the AMB complex via biotin-avidin conjugation. Lastly, the developed AuNP-MB immunoassay platform was verified with extracellular vesicle (EV) detection via immune response by showing the existence of EGFR proteins on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-derived EVs (108 particle/mL) spiked in human plasma. Therefore, the signal-enhanced ALP-based EC biosensor on AuNP-MB was favorably utilized as an immunoassay platform, revealing the potential application of biosensors in immunoassays in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Eun Lee
- Human IT Convergence Research Center, Convergence System R&D Division, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 16890, Korea
| | - Se-Eun Jeong
- Human IT Convergence Research Center, Convergence System R&D Division, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 16890, Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Hong
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sei-Young Hwang
- Human IT Convergence Research Center, Convergence System R&D Division, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, Korea
| | - Jun Kyun Oh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 16890, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Human IT Convergence Research Center, Convergence System R&D Division, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-789-7555
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Tran VV. Conjugated Polymers-Based Biosensors for Virus Detection: Lessons from COVID-19. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090748. [PMID: 36140133 PMCID: PMC9496581 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human beings continue to endure the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has spread throughout the world and significantly affected all countries and territories, causing a socioeconomic crunch. Human pathogenic viruses are considered a global burden for public health, both in the present and the future. Therefore, the early and accurate diagnosis of viruses has been and still is critical and should be accorded a degree of priority that is equivalent to vaccinations and drugs. We have opened a Special Issue titled “Conjugated polymers-based biosensors for virus detection”. This editorial seeks to emphasize the importance and potential of conjugated polymers in the design and development of biosensors. Furthermore, we briefly provide an overview, scientific evidence, and opinions on promising strategies for the development of CP-based electrochemical biosensors for virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Van Tran
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
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46
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Guan Y, Huang Y, Li T. Applications of Gelatin in Biosensors: Recent Trends and Progress. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:670. [PMID: 36140057 PMCID: PMC9496244 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin is a natural protein from animal tissue with excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, biosafety, low cost, and sol-gel property. By taking advantage of these properties, gelatin is considered to be an ideal component for the fabrication of biosensors. In recent years, biosensors with gelatin have been widely used for detecting various analytes, such as glucose, hydrogen peroxide, urea, amino acids, and pesticides, in the fields of medical diagnosis, food testing, and environmental monitoring. This perspective is an overview of the most recent trends and progress in the development of gelatin-based biosensors, which are classified by the function of gelatin as a matrix for immobilized biorecognition materials or as a biorecognition material for detecting target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nano Fiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yaqin Huang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Li H, Long M, Su H, Tan L, Shi X, Du Y, Luo Y, Deng H. Carboxymethyl chitosan assembled piezoelectric biosensor for rapid and label-free quantification of immunoglobulin Y. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Velusamy K, Periyasamy S, Kumar PS, Rangasamy G, Nisha Pauline JM, Ramaraju P, Mohanasundaram S, Nguyen Vo DV. Biosensor for heavy metals detection in wastewater: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113307. [PMID: 35917955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Pollution due to heavy metals is a global issue in recent years. Initially, there were fewer contaminants, which has increased exponentially owing to rapid industrialization and various anthropogenic activities. Toxicity due to heavy metals causes a lot of health problems and organ system failure in human beings. It also affects other forms of living beings such as plants, animals and even the microbiota. This has been reported by various press reports and research findings. In this review, the production of heavy metals, associated effects on the environment and the technologies employed for detecting these heavy metals are comprehensively discussed. The analytical instruments, including biosensors, have been found to be more beneficial than other techniques. Biosensor exhibits numerous special features, such as reproducibility, reusability, linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Over the last three years, biosensors have also had a detection limit of 65.36 ng/mL for heavy metals. The design of biosensors, features and types were also explained in detail. The limit of detection for the heavy metals in wastewater using biosensors was also included with recent references up to the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Velusamy
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India
| | - Selvakumar Periyasamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, 1888, Ethiopia
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - J Mercy Nisha Pauline
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India
| | - Pradeep Ramaraju
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India
| | - Sneka Mohanasundaram
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India
| | - Dai-Viet Nguyen Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Ravi PV, Subramaniyam V, Saravanakumar N, Pichumani M. Alkaline n-gqds fluorescent probe for the ultrasensitive detection of creatinine. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 35901801 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac8527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Creatinine (Crn) is an important excretory product of the human body. Medical laboratory technology has improved over years and brought many advancements in clinical diagnostics equipment, and testing techniques and made the tests more efficient. Yet, the quantitative analysis of Crn is still carried out by the classical Jaffe's reaction (using Picric acid (PA) with NaOH) method. Since PA is hazardous to human health, alternative solutions such as; nanoparticles and surface-modified nanoparticles can be used. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of carbon-based quantum dots for biomolecule sensing is of current interest among researchers. Nitrogen functionalized graphene quantum dots (Alk-NGQDs) measured featured Crn easier and reduced the time taken for the test carried out in laboratories. The synthesized Alk-NGQDs optical, structural, morphological properties, surface and compositions are studied through XPS, HRTEM, XRD, FTIR, and spectroscopic techniques. Alk-NGQDs at alkaline conditions (pH 9.5) form a stable complex with Crn through intermolecular charge transfer (ICT). The fluorescence titration method is used to sense Crn in commercial Crn samples and human blood serum. To understand the efficacy of sensing creatinine using Alk-NGQDs, working concentration, fluorescence quantum yield, the limit of detection, and quenching constant are calculated using the Stern-Volmer plot. The emission property of Alk-NGQDs is aimed to bring an alternative to the traditional colorimetric Jaffe's reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Verthikere Ravi
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Vattamalaipalayam, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641022, INDIA
| | - Vinodhini Subramaniyam
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Vattamalaipalayam, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641022, INDIA
| | - Neha Saravanakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641004, INDIA
| | - Moorthi Pichumani
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Vattamalaipalayam, NGGO colony post,, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641022, INDIA
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50
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Evanescent Wave Optical-Fiber Aptasensor for Rapid Detection of Zearalenone in Corn with Unprecedented Sensitivity. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070438. [PMID: 35884240 PMCID: PMC9313073 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a common mycotoxin pollutant found in agricultural products. Aptamers are attractive recognition biomolecules for the development of mycotoxin biosensors. Even though numerous aptasensors have been reported for the detection of ZEN in recent years, many of them suffer from problems including low sensitivity, low specificity, tedious experimental steps, high-cost, and difficulty of automation. We report here the first evanescent wave optical-fiber aptasensor for the detection of ZEN with unprecedented sensitivity, high specificity, low cost, and easy of automation. In our aptasensor, a 40-nt ZEN-specific aptamer (8Z31) is covalently immobilized on the fiber. The 17-nt fluorophore Cy5.5-labeled complementary DNA strand and ZEN competitively bind with the aptamer immobilized on the fiber, enabling the signal-off fluorescent detection of ZEN. The coating of Tween 80 enhanced both the sensitivity and the reproducibility of the aptasensor. The sensor was able to detect ZEN spiked-in the corn flour extract with a semilog linear detection range of 10 pM-10 nM and a limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of 18.4 ± 4.0 pM (equivalent to 29.3 ± 6.4 ng/kg). The LOD is more than 1000-fold lower than the maximum ZEN residue limits set by China (60 μg/kg) and EU (20 μg/kg). The sensor also has extremely high specificity and showed negligible cross-reactivity to other common mycotoxins. In addition, the sensor was able to be regenerated for 28 times, further decreasing its cost. Our sensor holds great potential for practical applications according to its multiple compelling features.
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