1
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Si Z, Liu Z, Hu Y, Wang X, Xu C, Zheng S, Dong X, Gao X, Chen J, Wang J, Xu K. Yellow-Green Luminescence Due to Polarity-Dependent Incorporation of Carbon Impurities in Self-Assembled GaN Microdisk. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8670-8678. [PMID: 36256439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Yellow-green luminescence (YGL) competes with near-bandgap emission (NBE) for carrier recombination channels, thereby reducing device efficiency; yet uncovering the origin of YGL remains a major challenge. In this paper, nearly stress-free and low dislocation density self-assembled GaN microdisks were synthesized by Na-flux method. The YGL of GaN microdisks highly depend on their polar facets. Variable accelerating voltage/power CL, variable temperature PL, and Raman spectroscopy are further performed to clarify the origin of polarity dependence of GaN microdisk YGL behavior, which indicates its independence of dislocations, surface effects, stress, crystalline quality, and gallium vacancies. It was found that the incorporation ability of carbon impurities in the polar (0001) facet is greater than that in the semipolar (101̅1) facets, producing higher content of CN or CNON defects, resulting in a more pronounced YGL in the polar (0001) facet of GaN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Si
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Jiangsu Institute of Advanced Semiconductors, NW-20, Nanopolis Suzhou, 99 Jinji Lake Avenue, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongliang Liu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Jiangsu Institute of Advanced Semiconductors, NW-20, Nanopolis Suzhou, 99 Jinji Lake Avenue, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoqiao Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shunan Zheng
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Dong
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co, Ltd., Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Jiangsu Institute of Advanced Semiconductors, NW-20, Nanopolis Suzhou, 99 Jinji Lake Avenue, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co, Ltd., Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Jiangsu Institute of Advanced Semiconductors, NW-20, Nanopolis Suzhou, 99 Jinji Lake Avenue, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Yi X, Wang G, Li J. Heterogeneously integrated InGaN-based green microdisk light-emitters on Si (100). OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26676-26689. [PMID: 36236855 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous integration of nitrides on Si (100) is expected to open the door to the new possibilities for this material system in the fields of high-speed integrated photonics and information processing. In this work, GaN epitaxial layer grown on the patterned sapphire substrate is transferred onto Si (100) by a combination of wafer bonding, laser lift-off and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) processes. The GaN epilayer transferred is uniformly thinned down to 800 nm with a root mean square surface roughness as low as 2.33 Å. The residual stress within the InGaN quantum wells transferred is mitigated by 79.4% after the CMP process. Accordingly, its emission wavelength exhibits a blue shift of 8.8 nm, revealing an alleviated quantum-confined Stark effect. Based on this platform, an array of microcavities with diverse geometrics and sizes are fabricated, by which optically-pumped green lasing at ∼505.8 nm is achieved with a linewidth of ∼0.48 nm from ∼12 µm microdisks. A spontaneous emission coupling factor of around 10-4 is roughly estimated based on the light output characteristics with increasing the pumping densities. Lasing behaviors beyond the threshold suggest that the microdisk suffers less thermal effects as compared to its undercut counterparts. The electrically-injected microdisks are also fabricated, with a turn-on voltage of ∼2.0 V and a leakage current as low as ∼2.4 pA at -5 V. Being compatible with traditional semiconductor processing techniques, this work provides a feasible solution to fabricate large-area heterogeneously integrated optoelectronic devices based on nitrides.
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Zhao L, Liu C, Wang K. Progress of GaN-Based Optoelectronic Devices Integrated with Optical Resonances. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106757. [PMID: 35218296 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Being direct wide bandgap, III-nitride (III-N) semiconductors have many applications in optoelectronics, including light-emitting diodes, lasers, detectors, photocatalysis, etc. Incorporation of III-N semiconductors with high-efficiency optical resonances including surface plasmons, distributed Bragg reflectors and micro cavities, has attracted considerable interests for upgrading their performance, which can not only reveal the new coupling mechanisms between optical resonances and quasiparticles, but also unveil the shield of novel optoelectronic devices with superior performances. In this review, the content covers the recent progress of GaN-based optoelectronic devices integrated with plasmonics and/or micro resonators, including the LEDs, photodetectors, solar cells, and light photocatalysis. The authors aim to provide an inspiring insight of recent remarkable progress and breakthroughs, as well as a promising prospect for the future highly-integrated, high speed, and efficient GaN-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tiangong University, 399 Binshuixi Road, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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Choi J, Jin DK, Jeong J, Kang BK, Yang WS, Ali A, Yoo J, Kim MJ, Yi GC, Hong YJ. Facet-selective morphology-controlled remote epitaxy of ZnO microcrystals via wet chemical synthesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22697. [PMID: 34811457 PMCID: PMC8608950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on morphology-controlled remote epitaxy via hydrothermal growth of ZnO micro- and nanostructure crystals on graphene-coated GaN substrate. The morphology control is achieved to grow diverse morphologies of ZnO from nanowire to microdisk by changing additives of wet chemical solution at a fixed nutrient concentration. Although the growth of ZnO is carried out on poly-domain graphene-coated GaN substrate, the direction of hexagonal sidewall facet of ZnO is homogeneous over the whole ZnO-grown area on graphene/GaN because of strong remote epitaxial relation between ZnO and GaN across graphene. Atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy corroborates the remote epitaxial relation. The non-covalent interface is applied to mechanically lift off the overlayer of ZnO crystals via a thermal release tape. The mechanism of facet-selective morphology control of ZnO is discussed in terms of electrostatic interaction between nutrient solution and facet surface passivated with functional groups derived from the chemical additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonghoon Choi
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
- GRI-TPC International Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kwon Jin
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
- GRI-TPC International Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Jeong
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
- GRI-TPC International Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyun Kang
- Nano Materials Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13509, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Department of Display Materials Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Nano Materials Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyoung Yoo
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Moon J Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Gyu-Chul Yi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
- GRI-TPC International Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang S, Liang N, Shi X, Zhao W, Zhai T. Direction-Adjustable Single-Mode Lasing via Self-Assembly 3D-Curved Microcavities for Gas Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45916-45923. [PMID: 34541849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drop-based microcavity lasers emerged as a promising tool in modern physics investigation and chemical detection owing to their cost-effective fabrication, high luminescence, and sensitive molecule sensing. However, it is of great challenge to achieve highly directional emission along with high quality (Q) factors via traditional droplet self-assembly behavior of the gain medium on a planar substrate. In this work, a single-mode microcavity laser with directional far-field emission is first proposed via droplet self-assembly 3D-curved microcavities, and simultaneously, acetic acid (AcOH) gas sensing is realized. Trichromatic single-mode lasing in 3D-curved microcavities with distinct organic polymer droplets is constructed on silica fibers via a self-assembly procedure. By regulating the curvature of the substrate, mode selection and directional emission of the lasing action are realized. The measured Q-factor of the proposed anisotropic 3D-curved active microcavity is ∼20k. Furthermore, on account of the sensitive responsiveness of liquid organic polymers, single-mode laser sensors can be realized by measuring the shift of their lasing modes on exposure to organic vapor. Benefiting from chemical reaction with rhodamine 6G, the AcOH gas sensor displays a short response time. These results may open new insights into drop-based quasi-3D-anisotropic whispering-gallery-mode microcavities to improve the development of lab-in-a-droplet, ranging from a tuneable microcavity laser to a chemical gas sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ningning Liang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wenkang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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6
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Liang H, Duan Y. Structural reconstruction and visible-light absorption versus internal electrostatic field in two-dimensional GaN-ZnO alloys. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11994-12003. [PMID: 34212965 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GaN-ZnO alloys are more promising semiconductors than their counterparts for optoelectronic applications due to the abrupt red shift in the visible-light range. Unfortunately, the strong internal electrostatic field (IEF) seriously hinders to further improve the optoelectronic performance due to the charge density of surface states. We point out a structural model to extremely improve the visible-light absorption by overcoming the bottleneck of the IEF in the two-dimensional (2D) nonisovalent alloys. The novel haeckelite (8|4) configuration with the nearly zero IEF shows much better optoelectronic performances than the conventional wurtzite configuration. Meanwhile, we explore the thickness-driven structural transitions from the planar hexagonal to the 8|4 and to the wurtzite configurations. The visible-light absorption efficiency quickly rises up from the bulk wurtzite to the bulk 8|4 to the 2D 8|4 and to the MoS2-based heterostructures with the different-layer 8|4 configurations. The heterointerfacial coupling is an effective way to further reduce the IEF and hence to significantly improve the visible-light absorptions by enlarging the population of band edge states in the 8|4 configuration. We suggest that the 8|4 configuration is more prospective for diverse optoelectronic applications in 2D GaN-ZnO alloys than in binary counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpu Liang
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
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7
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Wu CS, Wu SC, Yang BT, Wu ZY, Chou YH, Chen P, Hsu HC. Hemispherical Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Single-Mode Microlasers with High-Quality Factors and Strong Purcell Enhancement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13556-13564. [PMID: 33689258 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We realized a single-mode laser with an ultra-high quality factor in individual cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite micro-hemispheres fabricated by chemical vapor deposition. A series of lasing property analysis based on cavity size was reported under this material system. Due to good optical confinement capability of the whispering gallery resonant cavity and high optical gain of CsPbBr3 perovskite micro-hemispheres, single-mode lasing behavior was achieved with an ultra-high quality factor as large as 11,460 at room temperature. To study in detail the physical effects between lasing threshold and cavity, a set of cavity size dependence photoluminescence analyses were performed. We found that the lasing threshold increases while the cavity size decreases. Time-resolved PL analysis was conducted to confirm the relation between cavity size and lasing threshold. The larger cavity stands for longer PL lifetime and indicates easier-to-achieve carrier population inversion. Strong Purcell enhancement could be further investigated by the spontaneous emission coupling factor β and internal quantum efficiency as a function of cavity size. A high β-factor of 0.37 could be obtained from a 2.2 μm diameter hemisphere microcavity and a high Purcell factor of 14 in a 1.9 μm diameter hemisphere microcavity showing strong Purcell enhancement effect in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Wu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chan Wu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ting Yang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Zong Yu Wu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hsun Chou
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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8
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Dai W, Wang Y, Li R, Fan Y, Qu G, Wu Y, Song Q, Han J, Xiao S. Achieving Circularly Polarized Surface Emitting Perovskite Microlasers with All-Dielectric Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17063-17070. [PMID: 33231424 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanolasers are miniaturized light sources with great potential in optical imaging, sensing, and communication. While various micro- and nanolasers have been synthesized, they are mostly linearly polarized and thus strongly restricted in many new applications, e.g., chiral resolution in synthetic chemistry, cancerous tissue imaging, information storage, and processing. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate the circularly polarized surface emitting perovskite lasers by integrating the as-grown perovskite microcrystals with an all-dielectric metalens. The perovskite microcrystal serves as an optical microcavity and produces linearly polarized laser emission, which is collected by a geometric phase based TiO2 metalens. The left-handed circularly polarized components are collimated by the metalens into a directional laser beam with a divergent angle of <0.9°, whereas the right-handed components are strongly diverged by the same metalens. Consequently, the right-handed circularly polarized components are filtered out, and perovskite lasers with high directionality and pure circular polarization have been experimentally realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruixue Li
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yubin Fan
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Geyang Qu
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunkai Wu
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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9
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Liu F, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Rong X, Wang T, Zheng X, Sheng B, Yang L, Wei J, Wang X, Li X, Yang X, Xu F, Qin Z, Zhang Z, Shen B, Wang X. Hexagonal BN-Assisted Epitaxy of Strain Released GaN Films for True Green Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000917. [PMID: 33173724 PMCID: PMC7610270 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth of III-nitrides on 2D materials enables the realization of flexible optoelectronic devices for next-generation wearable applications. Unfortunately, it is difficult to obtain high-quality III-nitride epilayers on 2D materials such as hexagonal BN (h-BN) due to different atom hybridizations. Here, the epitaxy of single-crystalline GaN films on the chemically activated h-BN/Al2O3 substrates is reported, paying attention to interface atomic configuration. It is found that chemical-activated h-BN provides B-O-N and N-O bonds, where the latter ones act as effective artificial dangling bonds for following GaN nucleation, leading to Ga-polar GaN films with a flat surface. The h-BN is also found to be effective in modifying the compressive strain in GaN film and thus improves indium incorporation during the growth of InGaN quantum wells, resulting in the achievement of pure green light-emitting diodes. This work provides an effective way for III-nitrides epitaxy on h-BN and a possible route to overcome the epitaxial bottleneck of high indium content III-nitride light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Ye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Yuantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Xin Rong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Electron Microscopy LaboratorySchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Xiantong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Bowen Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Liuyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Xianbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Xuelin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Fujun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Bo Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum MatterBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‐optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum MatterBeijing100871P. R. China
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10
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Miao C, Jiang M, Xu H, Ji J, Kan C. Vertically-aligned ZnO microrod for high-brightness light source. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00933d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ZnO-microrod array with well-aligned orientation prepared on p-GaN template can be utilized to construct high-performance near-ultraviolet emitters due to desired high optical quality and well-defined geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzong Miao
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 211106
- China
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices
| | - Mingming Jiang
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 211106
- China
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices
| | - Haiying Xu
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 211106
- China
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
| | - Jiaolong Ji
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 211106
- China
| | - Caixia Kan
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 211106
- China
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices
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11
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Fakharuddin A, Shabbir U, Qiu W, Iqbal T, Sultan M, Heremans P, Schmidt-Mende L. Inorganic and Layered Perovskites for Optoelectronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807095. [PMID: 31012172 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic halide perovskites are making breakthroughs in a range of optoelectronic devices. Reports of >23% certified power conversion efficiency in photovoltaic devices, external quantum efficiency >21% in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), continuous-wave lasing and ultralow lasing thresholds in optically pumped lasers, and detectivity in photodetectors on a par with commercial GaAs rivals are being witnessed, making them the fastest ever emerging material technology. Still, questions on their toxicity and long-term stability raise concerns toward their market entry. The intrinsic instability in these materials arises due to the organic cation, typically the volatile methylamine (MA), which contributes to hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics and ion migration. Alternative inorganic substitutes to MA, such as cesium, and large organic cations that lead to a layered structure, enhance structural as well as device operational stability. These perovskites also provide a high exciton binding energy that is a prerequisite to enhance radiative emission yield in LEDs. The incorporation of inorganic and layered perovskites, in the form of polycrystalline films or as single-crystalline nanostructure morphologies, is now leading to the demonstration of stable devices with excellent performance parameters. Herein, key developments made in various optoelectronic devices using these perovskites are summarized and an outlook toward stable yet efficient devices is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Fakharuddin
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Umair Shabbir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
- Nanoscience and Technology Department, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam, University Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Weiming Qiu
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tahir Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sultan
- Nanoscience and Technology Department, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam, University Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Paul Heremans
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Mi Y, Jin B, Zhao L, Chen J, Zhang S, Shi J, Zhong Y, Du W, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Zhai T, Liu X. High-Quality Hexagonal Nonlayered CdS Nanoplatelets for Low-Threshold Whispering-Gallery-Mode Lasing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901364. [PMID: 31282127 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Low threshold micro/nanolasers have attracted extensive attention for wide applications in high-density storage and optical communication. However, constrained by quantum efficiency and crystalline quality, conventional semiconductor small-sized lasers are still subjected to a high lasing threshold. In this work, a low-threshold planar laser based on high-quality single-crystalline hexagonal CdS nanoplatelets (NPLs) using a self-limited epitaxial growth method is demonstrated. The as-grown CdS NPLs show multiple whispering-gallery-mode lasing at room temperature with a threshold of ≈0.6 µJ cm-2 , which is the lowest value among reported CdS-based lasers. Through power-dependent lasing studies at 77 K, the lasing action is demonstrated to originate from a exciton-exciton scattering process. Furthermore, the edge length- and thickness-dependent lasing threshold studies reveal that the threshold is inversely proportional to the second power of lateral edge length while partially affected by vertical thickness, and the lasing modes can be sustained in NPLs as thin as 60 nm. The lowest threshold emerges with the thickness of ≈110 nm due to stronger energy confinement in the vertical Fabry-Pérot cavity. The results not only open up a new avenue to fabricate nonlayered material-based coherent light sources, but also advocate the promise of nonlayered semiconductor materials for the development of novel optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jia Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yangguang Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenna Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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13
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Jiang J, Xu H, Sheikhi M, Li L, Yang Z, Hoo J, Guo S, Zeng Y, Guo W, Ye J. Omnidirectional whispering-gallery-mode lasing in GaN microdisk obtained by selective area growth on sapphire substrate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:16195-16205. [PMID: 31163803 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.016195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of hexagonal GaN microdisk arrays grown on sapphire substrates by selective area growth (SAG) technique were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) lasing is observed from various directions of the GaN pyramids collected at room temperature, with the dominant lasing mode being Transverse-Electric (TE) polarized. A relaxation of compressive strain in the lateral overgrown region of the GaN microdisk is illustrated by photoluminescence (PL) mapping and Raman spectroscopy. A strong correlation between the crystalline quality and lasing behavior of the GaN microdisks was also demonstrated.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Liu
- Quantum Structures Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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15
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Zhu G, Li J, Li J, Guo J, Dai J, Xu C, Wang Y. Single-mode ultraviolet whispering gallery mode lasing from a floating GaN microdisk. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:647-650. [PMID: 29444043 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated a floating GaN microdisk supported by a silicon pillar through photolithography, dry-etching GaN, and isotropic wet-etching silicon methods. Single-mode ultraviolet whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing was obtained from the floating GaN microdisk under optical pumping conditions at room temperature. The features of WGM lasing, i.e., the threshold, emission intensity, and lasing mode number, were characterized. A two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation about the optical field contour profile also confirmed the resonance mechanism of WGM lasing. This work can help realize single-mode WGM lasing with high quality factor and low threshold.
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16
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Lee K, Park JW, Tchoe Y, Yoon J, Chung K, Yoon H, Lee S, Yoon C, Ho Park B, Yi GC. Flexible resistive random access memory devices by using NiO x /GaN microdisk arrays fabricated on graphene films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:205202. [PMID: 28303797 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report flexible resistive random access memory (ReRAM) arrays fabricated by using NiO x /GaN microdisk arrays on graphene films. The ReRAM device was created from discrete GaN microdisk arrays grown on graphene films produced by chemical vapor deposition, followed by deposition of NiO x thin layers and Au metal contacts. The microdisk ReRAM arrays were transferred to flexible plastic substrates by a simple lift-off technique. The electrical and memory characteristics of the ReRAM devices were investigated under bending conditions. Resistive switching characteristics, including cumulative probability, endurance, and retention, were measured. After 1000 bending repetitions, no significant change in the device characteristics was observed. The flexible ReRAM devices, constructed by using only inorganic materials, operated reliably at temperatures as high as 180 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keundong Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
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17
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Kouno T, Sakai M, Takeshima H, Suzuki S, Kikuchi A, Kishino K, Hara K. Microsensors based on a whispering gallery mode in AlGaN microdisks undercut by hydrogen-environment thermal etching. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:3589-3593. [PMID: 28430238 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.003589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AlGaN microdisks were fabricated via a top-down process using electron-beam lithography, inductively coupled plasma reactive-ion etching, and hydrogen-environment thermal etching from commercial epitaxial wafers with a 100-300 nm thick AlGaN layer grown on a c-plane GaN layer by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The hydrogen-environment thermal etching performed well in undercutting the AlGaN microdisks owing to the selective etching for the GaN layer. The AlGaN microdisks acted as the whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical microresonators, exhibiting sharp resonant peaks in room temperature photoluminescence spectra. The evanescent component of the whispering gallery mode (WGM) is influenced by the ambient condition of the microdisk, resulting in the shift of the resonant peaks. The phenomenon is considered to be used for microsensors. Using the WGM in the AlGaN microdisks, we demonstrated microsensors and a microsensor system, which can potentially be used to evaluate biological and chemical actions in a microscale area in real time.
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18
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III-nitride core-shell nanorod array on quartz substrates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45345. [PMID: 28345641 PMCID: PMC5366955 DOI: 10.1038/srep45345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the fabrication of near-vertically elongated GaN nanorods on quartz substrates. To control the preferred orientation and length of individual GaN nanorods, we combined molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with pulsed-mode metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The MBE-grown buffer layer was composed of GaN nanograins exhibiting an ordered surface and preferred orientation along the surface normal direction. Position-controlled growth of the GaN nanorods was achieved by selective-area growth using MOCVD. Simultaneously, the GaN nanorods were elongated by the pulsed-mode growth. The microstructural and optical properties of both GaN nanorods and InGaN/GaN core-shell nanorods were then investigated. The nanorods were highly crystalline and the core-shell structures exhibited optical emission properties, indicating the feasibility of fabricating III-nitride nano-optoelectronic devices on amorphous substrates.
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19
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Cui QH, Peng L, Lou ZD, Hu YF, Teng F. One-step synthesis of organic microwire-disk interconnected structure for miniaturized channel filters. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Liu X, Niu L, Wu C, Cong C, Wang H, Zeng Q, He H, Fu Q, Fu W, Yu T, Jin C, Liu Z, Sum TC. Periodic Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Microplatelet Arrays on Silicon Substrates for Room-Temperature Lasing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1600137. [PMID: 27980989 PMCID: PMC5102665 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites have recently demonstrated outstanding efficiencies in photovoltaics as well as highly promising performances for a wide range of optoelectronic applications such as lasing, light emission, optical detectors, and even for radiation detection. Key to the realization of functional perovskite micro/nanosystems on the ubiquitous silicon optoelectronics platform is through sophisticated lithography. Despite the rapid progress made in halide perovskite lasing, direct lithographic patterning of perovskite films to form optical cavities on conventional substrates remains extremely challenging. This study realizes room-temperature high-quality factor whispering-gallery-mode lasing (Q ≈ 1210) from patterned lead halide perovskite microplatelets fabricated in periodic arrays on silicon substrate with micropatterned BN film as the buffer layer. By varying the size of the platelets, modal selectivity for single mode lasing can be achieved with different cavity sizes or by simply breaking the structural symmetry of the cavity through designing the pattern. Importantly, this work demonstrates a straightforward, versatile bottom-up scalable strategy to realize high-quality periodic perovskite arrays with variable cavity sizes for large-area light-emitting and optical gain applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P.R. China
- Division of Physics and Applied PhysicsSchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - Lin Niu
- Center for Programmable MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Chunyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- Division of Physics and Applied PhysicsSchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Programmable MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Qingsheng Zeng
- Center for Programmable MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Haiyong He
- Center for Programmable MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Qundong Fu
- Center for Programmable MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Wei Fu
- Center for Programmable MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Ting Yu
- Division of Physics and Applied PhysicsSchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Center for Programmable MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- NOVITASNanoelectronics Centre of ExcellenceSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied PhysicsSchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N)Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang DriveSingapore637553Singapore
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21
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Sivadasan AK, Madapu KK, Dhara S. The light-matter interaction of a single semiconducting AlGaN nanowire and noble metal Au nanoparticles in the sub-diffraction limit. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:23680-5. [PMID: 27511614 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04681a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Near field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is not only a tool for imaging of sub-diffraction limited objects but also a prominent characteristic tool for understanding the intrinsic properties of nanostructures. In order to understand light-matter interactions in the near field regime using a NSOM technique with an excitation of 532 nm (2.33 eV), we selected an isolated single semiconducting AlGaN nanowire (NW) of diameter ∼120 nm grown via a vapor liquid solid (VLS) mechanism along with a metallic Au nanoparticle (NP) catalyst. The role of electronic transitions from different native defect related energy states of AlGaN is discussed in understanding the NSOM images for the semiconducting NW. The effect of strong surface plasmon resonance absorption of an excitation laser on the NSOM images for Au NPs, involved in the VLS growth mechanism of NWs, is also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sivadasan
- Nanomaterials and Sensor Section, Surface and Nanoscience Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kishore K Madapu
- Nanomaterials and Sensor Section, Surface and Nanoscience Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sandip Dhara
- Nanomaterials and Sensor Section, Surface and Nanoscience Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
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22
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Kolobov AV, Fons P, Tominaga J, Hyot B, André B. Instability and Spontaneous Reconstruction of Few-Monolayer Thick GaN Graphitic Structures. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4849-4856. [PMID: 27387659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are a very hot topic in solid state science and technology. In addition to van der Waals solids that can be easily formed into 2D layers, it was argued that single layers of nominally 3D tetrahedrally bonded semiconductors, such as GaN or ZnO, also become flat in the monolayer limit; the planar structure was also proposed for few-layers of such materials. In this work, using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that contrary to the existing consensus the graphitic structure of few-layer GaN is unstable and spontaneously reconstructs into a structure that remains hexagonal in plane but with covalent interlayer bonds that form alternating octagonal and square (8|4 Haeckelite) rings with pronounced in-plane anisotropy. Of special interest is the transformation of the band gap from indirect in planar GaN toward direct in the Haeckelite phase, making Haeckelite few-layer GaN an appealing material for flexible nano-optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kolobov
- Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - P Fons
- Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - J Tominaga
- Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - B Hyot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI , MINATEC campus, F38054 Grenoble, France
| | - B André
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI , MINATEC campus, F38054 Grenoble, France
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23
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Kumaresan V, Largeau L, Madouri A, Glas F, Zhang H, Oehler F, Cavanna A, Babichev A, Travers L, Gogneau N, Tchernycheva M, Harmand JC. Epitaxy of GaN Nanowires on Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4895-4902. [PMID: 27414518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth of GaN nanowires on graphene is demonstrated using molecular beam epitaxy without any catalyst or intermediate layer. Growth is highly selective with respect to silica on which the graphene flakes, grown by chemical vapor deposition, are transferred. The nanowires grow vertically along their c-axis and we observe a unique epitaxial relationship with the ⟨21̅1̅0⟩ directions of the wurtzite GaN lattice parallel to the directions of the carbon zigzag chains. Remarkably, the nanowire density and height decrease with increasing number of graphene layers underneath. We attribute this effect to strain and we propose a model for the nanowire density variation. The GaN nanowires are defect-free and they present good optical properties. This demonstrates that graphene layers transferred on amorphous carrier substrates is a promising alternative to bulk crystalline substrates for the epitaxial growth of high quality GaN nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnuvarthan Kumaresan
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Ludovic Largeau
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Ali Madouri
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Frank Glas
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Hezhi Zhang
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Oehler
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Antonella Cavanna
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Andrey Babichev
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Laurent Travers
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Noelle Gogneau
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Maria Tchernycheva
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Harmand
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
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24
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Feng X, Yu T, Wei Y, Ji C, Cheng Y, Zong H, Wang K, Yang Z, Kang X, Zhang G, Fan S. Grouped and Multistep Nanoheteroepitaxy: Toward High-Quality GaN on Quasi-Periodic Nano-Mask. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:18208-18214. [PMID: 27351723 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanoheteroepitaxy method, namely, the grouped and multistep nanoheteroepitaxy (GM-NHE), is proposed to attain a high-quality gallium nitride (GaN) epilayer by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. This method combines the effects of sub-100 nm nucleation and multistep lateral growth by using a low-cost but unique carbon nanotube mask, which consists of nanoscale growth windows with a quasi-periodic 2D fill factor. It is found that GM-NHE can facilely reduce threading dislocation density (TDD) and modulate residual stress on foreign substrate without any regrowth. As a result, high-quality GaN epilayer is produced with homogeneously low TDD of 4.51 × 10(7) cm(-2) and 2D-modulated stress, and the performance of the subsequent 410 nm near-ultraviolet light-emitting diode is greatly boosted. In this way, with the facile fabrication of nanomask and the one-off epitaxy procedure, GaN epilayer is prominently improved with the assistance of nanotechnology, which demonstrates great application potential for high-efficiency TDD-sensitive optoelectronic and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Tongjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yutian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiangning Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Guoyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shoushan Fan
- Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Hayashi H, Konno Y, Kishino K. Self-organization of dislocation-free, high-density, vertically aligned GaN nanocolumns involving InGaN quantum wells on graphene/SiO2 covered with a thin AlN buffer layer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:055302. [PMID: 26674458 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/5/055302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the self-organization of high-density GaN nanocolumns on multilayer graphene (MLG)/SiO2 covered with a thin AlN buffer layer by RF-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. MLG/SiO2 substrates were prepared by the transfer of CVD graphene onto thermally oxidized SiO2/Si [100] substrates. Employing the MLG with an AlN buffer layer enabled the self-organization of high-density and vertically aligned nanocolumns. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that no threading dislocations, stacking faults, or twinning defects were included in the self-organized nanocolumns. The photoluminescence (PL) peak intensities of the self-organized GaN nanocolumns were 2.0-2.6 times higher than those of a GaN substrate grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Moreover, no yellow luminescence or ZB-phase GaN emission was observed from the nanocolumns. An InGaN/GaN MQW and p-type GaN were integrated into GaN nanocolumns grown on MLG, displaying a single-peak PL emission at a wavelength of 533 nm. Thus, high-density nitride p-i-n nanocolumns were fabricated on SiO2/Si using the transferred MLG interlayer, indicating the possibility of developing visible nanocolumn LEDs on graphene/SiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hayashi
- Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
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Kumar R, Dubey PK, Singh RK, Vaz AR, Moshkalev SA. Catalyst-free synthesis of a three-dimensional nanoworm-like gallium oxide–graphene nanosheet hybrid structure with enhanced optical properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24577j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report synthesis and growth of catalyst-free three-dimensional β-gallium oxide nanoworm-like nanostructures on graphene nanosheets using a solid mixture of graphite oxide and gallium acetylacetonate by the microwave (MW)-assisted method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Centre for Semiconductor Components
- State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- Sao Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Pawan Kumar Dubey
- Nanotechnology Application Centre
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad 211002
- India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Alfredo R. Vaz
- Centre for Semiconductor Components
- State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- Sao Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Stanislav A. Moshkalev
- Centre for Semiconductor Components
- State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- Sao Paulo
- Brazil
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27
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Lee WW, Chang S, Yang DW, Lee JM, Park HG, Park WI. Three-dimensional epitaxy of single crystalline semiconductors by polarity-selective multistage growth. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rashiddy Wong F, Ahmed Ali A, Yasui K, Hashim AM. Seed/Catalyst-Free Growth of Gallium-Based Compound Materials on Graphene on Insulator by Electrochemical Deposition at Room Temperature. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:943. [PMID: 26055478 PMCID: PMC4451189 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the growth of gallium-based compounds, i.e., gallium oxynitride (GaON) and gallium oxide (Ga2O3) on multilayer graphene (MLG) on insulator using a mixture of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and gallium nitrate (Ga(NO3)3) by electrochemical deposition (ECD) method at room temperature (RT) for the first time. The controlling parameters of current density and electrolyte molarity were found to greatly influence the properties of the grown structures. The thicknesses of the deposited structures increase with the current density since it increases the chemical reaction rates. The layers grown at low molarities of both solutions basically show grain-like layer with cracking structures and dominated by both Ga2O3 and GaON. Such cracking structures seem to diminish with the increases of molarities of one of the solutions. It is speculated that the increase of current density and ions in the solutions helps to promote the growth at the area with uneven thicknesses of graphene. When the molarity of Ga(NO3)3 is increased while keeping the molarity of NH4NO3 at the lowest value of 2.5 M, the grown structures are basically dominated by the Ga2O3 structure. On the other hand, when the molarity of NH4NO3 is increased while keeping the molarity of Ga(NO3)3 at the lowest value of 0.8 M, the GaON structure seems to dominate where their cubic and hexagonal arrangements are coexisting. It was found that when the molarities of Ga(NO3)3 are at the high level of 7.5 M, the grown structures tend to be dominated by Ga2O3 even though the molarity of NH4NO3 is made equal or higher than the molarity of Ga(NO3)3. When the grown structure is dominated by the Ga2O3 structure, the deposition process became slow or unstable, resulting to the formation of thin layer. When the molarity of Ga(NO3)3 is increased to 15 M, the nanocluster-like structures were formed instead of continuous thin film structure. This study seems to successfully provide the conditions in growing either GaON-dominated or Ga2O3-dominated structure by a simple and low-cost ECD. The next possible routes to convert the grown GaON-dominated structure to either single-crystalline GaN or Ga2O3 as well as Ga2O3-dominated structure to single-crystalline Ga2O3 structure have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddawati Rashiddy Wong
- />Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amgad Ahmed Ali
- />Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kanji Yasui
- />Department of Electrical Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka-machi, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2137 Japan
| | - Abdul Manaf Hashim
- />Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Park JY, Man Song K, Min YS, Choi CJ, Seok Kim Y, Lee SN. Nanostructures of Indium Gallium Nitride Crystals Grown on Carbon Nanotubes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16612. [PMID: 26568414 PMCID: PMC4644961 DOI: 10.1038/srep16612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructure (NS) InGaN crystals were grown on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The NS-InGaN crystals, grown on a ~5-μm-long CNT/Si template, were estimated to be ~100–270 nm in size. Transmission electron microscope examinations revealed that single-crystalline InGaN NSs were formed with different crystal facets. The observed green (~500 nm) cathodoluminescence (CL) emission was consistent with the surface image of the NS-InGaN crystallites, indicating excellent optical properties of the InGaN NSs on CNTs. Moreover, the CL spectrum of InGaN NSs showed a broad emission band from 490 to 600 nm. Based on these results, we believe that InGaN NSs grown on CNTs could aid in overcoming the green gap in LED technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Department of Nano-Otpical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung, Gyeonggi 429-793 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Man Song
- Department of Nano-Otpical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung, Gyeonggi 429-793 Republic of Korea.,Korea Advanced Nano Fab Center, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-770 Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Sep Min
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chel-Jong Choi
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Semiconductor Physics Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- Photonics Device Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 500-460 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Nam Lee
- Department of Nano-Otpical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung, Gyeonggi 429-793 Republic of Korea
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Three-dimensional Aerographite-GaN hybrid networks: single step fabrication of porous and mechanically flexible materials for multifunctional applications. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8839. [PMID: 25744694 PMCID: PMC4351516 DOI: 10.1038/srep08839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) elastic hybrid networks built from interconnected nano- and microstructure building units, in the form of semiconducting-carbonaceous materials, are potential candidates for advanced technological applications. However, fabrication of these 3D hybrid networks by simple and versatile methods is a challenging task due to the involvement of complex and multiple synthesis processes. In this paper, we demonstrate the growth of Aerographite-GaN 3D hybrid networks using ultralight and extremely porous carbon based Aerographite material as templates by a single step hydride vapor phase epitaxy process. The GaN nano- and microstructures grow on the surface of Aerographite tubes and follow the network architecture of the Aerographite template without agglomeration. The synthesized 3D networks are integrated with the properties from both, i.e., nanoscale GaN structures and Aerographite in the form of flexible and semiconducting composites which could be exploited as next generation materials for electronic, photonic, and sensors applications.
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Wei C, Liu SY, Zou CL, Liu Y, Yao J, Zhao YS. Controlled Self-Assembly of Organic Composite Microdisks for Efficient Output Coupling of Whispering-Gallery-Mode Lasers. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 137:62-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5112817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wei
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Si-Yun Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- Key
Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Zhao J, Qiu W, Huang Y, Wang JX, Kan Q, Pan JQ. Investigation of plasmonic whispering-gallery mode characteristics for graphene monolayer coated dielectric nanodisks. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:5527-30. [PMID: 25360919 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.005527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we theoretically studied high-quality (Q) factor plasmonic whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) with ultrasmall mode volumes in graphene monolayer coated semiconductor nanodisks in the mid-infrared range. The influence of the chemical potential, the relaxation time of graphene, and the radius of the nanodisk on the cavity Q factor and the mode volume was numerically investigated. The numerical simulations showed that the plasmonic WGMs excited in this cavity had a deep subwavelength mode volume of 1.4×10(-5)(λ(0)/2n)(3), a cavity Q factor as high as 266 at a temperature lower than 250 K, and, consequently, a large Purcell factor of ∼1.2×10(7) when the chemical potential and relaxation time were assumed to be 0.9 eV and 1.4 ps, respectively. The results provide a possible application of plasmonic WGMs in the integration of nano-optoelectronic devices based on graphene.
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Tchoe Y, Jo J, Kim M, Heo J, Yoo G, Sone C, Yi GC. Variable-color light-emitting diodes using GaN microdonut arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3019-3023. [PMID: 24677202 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microdonut-shaped GaN/Inx Ga1-x N light-emitting diode (LED) microarrays are fabricated for variable-color emitters. The figure shows clearly donut-shaped light emission from all the individual microdonut LEDs. Furthermore, microdonut LEDs exhibit spatially-resolved blue and green EL colors, which can be tuned by either controlling the external bias voltage or changing the size of the microdonut LED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Tchoe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
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Kim YJ, Kim SS, Park JB, Sohn BH, Yi GC. Controlled growth of inorganic nanorod arrays using graphene nanodot seed layers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:135609. [PMID: 24598198 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/13/135609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the density- and size-controlled growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays on arbitrary substrates using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanodot arrays. For the controlled growth of the ZnO nanorod arrays, rGO nanodot arrays with tunable density and size were designed using a monolayer of diblock copolymer micelles and oxygen plasma etching. While the diameter and number density of the ZnO nanorods were readily determined by those of the rGO nanodots, the length of the ZnO nanorods was easily controlled by changing the growth time. x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy confirmed that the vertically well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were heteroepitaxially grown on the rGO nanodots. Strong, sharp near-band-edge emission peaks with no carbon-related peak were observed in the photoluminescence spectra, implying that the ZnO nanostructures grown on the rGO nanodots were of high optical quality and without carbon contamination. Our approach provides a general and rational route for heteroepitaxial growth of high-quality inorganic materials with tunable number density, size, and spatial arrangement on arbitrary substrates using rGO nanodot arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Kim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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35
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Jiang S, Zhang J, Qi X, He M, Li J. Large-area synthesis of diameter-controllable porous single crystal gallium nitride micro/nanotube arrays. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41803k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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