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Liang Q, Hu Z, Yao J, Wu Z, Ding Z, Zhao K, Jiao X, Liu J, Huang W. Blending Donors with Different Molecular Weights: An Efficient Strategy to Resolve the Conflict between Coherence Length and Intermixed Phase in Polymer/Nonfullerene Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103804. [PMID: 34825447 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long coherence lengths (CLs) of crystals and proper intermixed phase amount guarantee charge transport and exciton dissociate efficiently, which is crucial for organic solar cells (OSCs) to achieve high device performance. However, extending CLs usually reduces the intermixed phase, leading to an insufficient interface for exciton dissociation. Herein, a strategy using a binary polymer with different molecular weights as donor is employed, that is, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) with high (P3HT-H) and low (P3HT-L) molecular weight are blended as donor, and (5Z,5'Z)-5,5'-(((4,4,9,9-tetraoctyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-7,4-diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(3-ethyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one) (O-IDTBR) is used as acceptor. In kinetics, the entanglements of P3HT-H are relieved due to the higher molecular diffusivity of P3HT-L. In thermodynamics, the miscibility of P3HT-L/O-IDTBR, P3HT-H/O-IDTBR, and P3HT-L/P3HT-H blends increases in turn. Hence, P3HT forms a more ordered structure with longer CLs after adding P3HT-L, which also drives O-IDTBR dispersed in P3HT crystalline regions diffuse to the O-IDTBR crystalline regions to further self-organize. Consequently, the CLs of both P3HT and O-IDTBR are extended, while keeping the intermixed phase amount proper. The optimized microstructure boosts device performance from 7.03% to 7.80%, which is one of the highest values reported for P3HT/O-IDTBR blends. This is a novel way to solve the conflict mentioned above, which may provide guidance to finely regulating the morphology of the active layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Liang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Zhangbo Hu
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Jianhong Yao
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | | | - Kui Zhao
- Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
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Guerrero A, Bisquert J, Garcia-Belmonte G. Impedance Spectroscopy of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells from the Perspective of Equivalent Circuits. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14430-14484. [PMID: 34845904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy (IS) provides a detailed understanding of the dynamic phenomena underlying the operation of photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. Here we provide a broad summary of the application of IS to metal halide perovskite materials, solar cells, electrooptic and memory devices. IS has been widely used to characterize perovskite solar cells, but the variability of samples and the presence of coupled ionic-electronic effects form a complex problem that has not been fully solved yet. We summarize the understanding that has been obtained so far, the basic methods and models, as well as the challenging points still present in this research field. Our approach emphasizes the importance of the equivalent circuit for monitoring the parameters that describe the response and providing a physical interpretation. We discuss the possibilities of models from the general perspective of solar cell behavior, and we describe the specific aspects and properties of the metal halide perovskites. We analyze the impact of the ionic effects and the memory effects, and we describe the combination of light-modulated techniques such as intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) for obtaining more detailed information in complex cases. The transformation of the frequency to time domain is discussed for the consistent interpretation of time transient techniques and the prediction of features of current-voltage hysteresis. We discuss in detail the stability issues and the occurrence of transformations of the sample coupled to the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain.,Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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Liang Q, Hu Z, Yao J, Yin Y, Wei P, Chen Z, Li W, Liu J. Recent advances in intermixed phase of organic solar cells: Characterization, regulating strategies and device applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Liang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Zhangbo Hu
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Jianhong Yao
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Yukai Yin
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Puxin Wei
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Zhikang Chen
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Wangchang Li
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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Lai J, Wang C, Xing Z, Lu S, Chen Q, Chen L. Quantitative amplitude-modulation scanning Kelvin probe microscopy via the second eigenmode excitation. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 230:113399. [PMID: 34610537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Amplitude modulation scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (AM-SKPM) is widely used to measure the contact potential difference (CPD) between probe and samples in ambient or dry inert atmosphere. However, AM-SKPM is generally considered quantitatively inaccurate due to crosstalk between the cantilever and the sample. Here we demonstrate that the accuracy of AM-SKPM-based CPD measurements is drastically improved by exciting the SKPM probe at its second eigenmode. In the second eigenmode of oscillation, there exists a stationary node at the cantilever towards its free end, across which the displacement bears opposite signs; therefore driving the SKPM probe at its second eigenmode helps to partially cancel the virtual work done by the cantilever and reduce the crosstalk effect. The improvement in accuracy is experimentally confirmed with interdigitating electrodes calibration samples as well as practical samples such as the cross-section of wafer-bonded GaAs/GaN heterojunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Lai
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiwei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shulong Lu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Liwei Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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5
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Wang Z, Wang H, Wang X, Chen X, Yu Y, Dai W, Fu X. Thermo-driven photocatalytic CO reduction and H2 oxidation over ZnO via regulation of reactant gas adsorption electron transfer behavior. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen Q, Wang C, Li Y, Chen L. Interfacial Dipole in Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18281-18292. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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An Y, Wang C, Cao G, Li X. Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells: Opto-Electro-Thermal Physics, Modeling, and Experiment. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5017-5026. [PMID: 32255622 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic heterojunction perovskite solar cell (PSC) is promising for low-cost and high-performance photovoltaics. To further promote the performance of PSCs, understanding and controlling the underneath photoconversion mechanisms are highly necessary. Here, we present a comprehensive opto-electro-thermal (OET) study on the heterojunction PSCs by quantitatively addressing the coupled optical, carrier transport, and thermodynamic behaviors within the device. With achieving a good agreement with the experiment, we theoretically explore the thermodynamic mechanisms involving the energy conversions and focus especially on the origins of the various energy losses in PSCs. We summarize six categories of microscopic heat conversion processes in the heterojunction PSC, where the Joule and Peltier heats can be defined as the intrinsic losses in PSCs. Moreover, we also discuss the possible manipulation methods to decrease the energy losses, for example, by tailoring the doping concentration and energy-level alignment. An exemplified OET optimization is also presented, which predicts that the PCE of the fabricated PSC can be enhanced from 21.37% to 23.84%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan An
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province and Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Changlei Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province and Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Guoyang Cao
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province and Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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8
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Zhang M, Chen Q, Xue R, Zhan Y, Wang C, Lai J, Yang J, Lin H, Yao J, Li Y, Chen L, Li Y. Reconfiguration of interfacial energy band structure for high-performance inverted structure perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4593. [PMID: 31597916 PMCID: PMC6785549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Charged defects at the surface of the organic–inorganic perovskite active layer are detrimental to solar cells due to exacerbated charge carrier recombination. Here we show that charged surface defects can be benign after passivation and further exploited for reconfiguration of interfacial energy band structure. Based on the electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged ions, Lewis-acid-featured fullerene skeleton after iodide ionization (PCBB-3N-3I) not only efficiently passivates positively charged surface defects but also assembles on top of the perovskite active layer with preferred orientation. Consequently, PCBB-3N-3I with a strong molecular electric dipole forms a dipole interlayer to reconfigure interfacial energy band structure, leading to enhanced built-in potential and charge collection. As a result, inverted structure planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells exhibit the promising power conversion efficiency of 21.1% and robust ambient stability. This work opens up a new window to boost perovskite solar cells via rational exploitation of charged defects beyond passivation. Charged surface defects are expected to undermine the charge extraction in organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Here Zhang et al. design ionic fullerene derivatives to not only passivate the charged defects, but also optimize the interfacial energy due to aligned orientation of the fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyao Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qi Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Rongming Xue
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Junqi Lai
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jin Yang
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongzhen Lin
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianlin Yao
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Liwei Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.,In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Srivastava SB, Modi MH, Ghosh SK, Singh SP. Investigation of the buried planar interfaces in multi-layered inverted organic solar cells using x-ray reflectivity and impedance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:124003. [PMID: 30641510 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafe38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The hole and electron extracting interlayers in the organic solar cells (OSCs) play an important role in high performing devices. The present work focuses on an investigation of Zinc oxide/bulk heterojunction (ZnO/BHJ) and BHJ/MoO x (Molybdenum oxide) buried planar interfaces in inverted OSC devices using the optical contrast in various layers along with the electrical measurements. The x-ray reflectivity (XRR) analysis demonstrates the formation of additional intermixing layers at the interfaces of ZnO/BHJ and BHJ/MoO x . Our results indicate infusion of PC71BM into ZnO layer up to ~4 nm which smoothen the ZnO/BHJ interface. In contrast, thermally evaporated MoO x molecules diffuse into PTB7-Th dominant upper layers of BHJ active layer resulting in an intermixed layer at the interface of MoO x /BHJ. The high recombination resistance (~5 kΩ cm2) and electron lifetime (~70 μs), obtained from the impedance spectroscopy (IS), support such vertical segregation of PTB7-Th and PC71BM in the active layer. The OSC devices, processed in ambient condition, exhibit high power conversion efficiency of 6.4%. We consider our results have great significance to understand the structure of buried planar interfaces at interlayers and their correlation with the electrical parameters representing various interfacial mechanisms of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi B Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, India
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Park S, Cha MJ, Seo JH, Heo J, Chan Lim D, Cho S. Treating the Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) Surface with Hydroquinone Enhances the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41578-41585. [PMID: 30406653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a standard hole transport layer greatly increased the efficiency of early organic solar cells. However, because PEDOT:PSS has a metallic property, it can still form a barrier by means of metal-semiconductor contact at its interface with the photoactive layer. In this study, we modified the PEDOT:PSS surface with hydroquinone (HQ) to remove that barrier. HQ treatment of the PEDOT:PSS surface lowered the hole transport barrier at the interface between the PEDOT:PSS and the active layer. In addition, because of the secondary doping effect of HQ, the sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS surface decreased by almost 2 orders of magnitude. As a result, the device fabricated with the HQ-modified PEDOT:PSS showed a 28% increase in efficiency compared to the device without HQ treatment. Modifying the PEDOT:PSS surface with HQ solution is an easy way to effectively boost the performance of polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Park
- Department of Physics and EHSRC , University of Ulsan , Ulsan 44610 , Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joo Cha
- Department of Materials Physics , Dong-A University , Busan 49315 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Department of Materials Physics , Dong-A University , Busan 49315 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Heo
- Surface Technology Division , Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) , Changwon 51508 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Lim
- Surface Technology Division , Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) , Changwon 51508 , Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC , University of Ulsan , Ulsan 44610 , Republic of Korea
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Sajid S, Elseman AM, Ji J, Dou S, Wei D, Huang H, Cui P, Xi W, Chu L, Li Y, Jiang B, Li M. Computational Study of Ternary Devices: Stable, Low-Cost, and Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:51. [PMID: 30393700 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) more than 22% have been realized with expensive organic charge-transporting materials, their stability and high cost remain to be addressed. In this work, the perovskite configuration of MAPbX (MA = CH3NH3, X = I3, Br3, or I2Br) integrated with stable and low-cost Cu:NiO x hole-transporting material, ZnO electron-transporting material, and Al counter electrode was modeled as a planar PSC and studied theoretically. A solar cell simulation program (wxAMPS), which served as an update of the popular solar cell simulation tool (AMPS: Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures), was used. The study yielded a detailed understanding of the role of each component in the solar cell and its effect on the photovoltaic parameters as a whole. The bandgap of active materials and operating temperature of the modeled solar cell were shown to influence the solar cell performance in a significant way. Further, the simulation results reveal a strong dependence of photovoltaic parameters on the thickness and defect density of the light-absorbing layers. Under moderate simulation conditions, the MAPbBr3 and MAPbI2Br cells recorded the highest PCEs of 20.58 and 19.08%, respectively, while MAPbI3 cell gave a value of 16.14%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Sajid
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Mourtada Elseman
- Electronic and Magnetic Materials Department, Advanced Materials Division, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo, 11421, Egypt
| | - Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangyi Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Meicheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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Tournebize A, Mattana G, Gorisse T, Bousquet A, Wantz G, Hirsch L, Chambon S. Crucial Role of the Electron Transport Layer and UV Light on the Open-Circuit Voltage Loss in Inverted Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34131-34138. [PMID: 28945342 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the degradation mechanisms in organic photovoltaics is crucial in order to develop stable organic semiconductors and robust device architectures. The rapid loss of efficiency, referred to as burn-in, is a major issue to be addressed. This study reports on the influence of the electron transport layer (ETLs) and UV light on the drop of open-circuit voltage (Voc) for P3HT:PC60BM-based devices. The results show that Voc loss is induced by the UV and, more importantly, that the ETL can amplify it, with TiOx yielding a stronger drop than ZnO. Using impedance spectroscopy (IS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), different degradation mechanisms were identified according to whether the ETL is TiOx or ZnO. For TiOx-based devices, the formation of an interface dipole was identified, resulting in a loss of the flat-band potential (Vfb) and, thus, of the Voc. For ZnO-based devices, chemical modifications of the metal oxide and active layer at the interface were detected, resulting in a doping of the active layer which impacts the Voc. This study highlights the role of the architecture and, more specifically, of the ETL in the severity of burn-in and degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Tournebize
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Giorgio Mattana
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Thérèse Gorisse
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Antoine Bousquet
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM , 64053 Pau, France
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Lionel Hirsch
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Sylvain Chambon
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
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Yue S, Lu S, Ren K, Liu K, Azam M, Cao D, Wang Z, Lei Y, Qu S, Wang Z. Insights into the Influence of Work Functions of Cathodes on Efficiencies of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1700007. [PMID: 28371434 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Though various efforts on modification of electrodes are still undertaken to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, attributing to the large scope of these methods, it is of significance to unveil the working principle systematically. Herein, inverted perovskite solar cells based on indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/CH3 NH3 PbI3 /phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61 BM)/buffer metal/Al are constructed. Through the choice of different buffer metals to tune work function of the cathode, the contact nature of the active layer with the cathode could be manipulated well. In comparison with the device using Au/Al as the electrode that shows an unfavorable band bending for conducting the excited electrons to the cathode, the one with Ca/Al presents a dramatically improved efficiency over 17.1%, ascribed to the favorable band bending at the interface of the cathode with the active layer. Details for tuning the band bending and the corresponding charge transfer mechanism are given in a systematic manner. Thus, a general guideline for constructing perovskite photovoltaic devices efficiently is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shudi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kuankuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Azam
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dawei Cao
- Institut für Physik and IMN MacroNano@ (ZIK), Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Institut für Physik and IMN MacroNano@ (ZIK), Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Shengchun Qu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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14
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Temperature-dependent Schottky barrier in high-performance organic solar cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40134. [PMID: 28071700 PMCID: PMC5223179 DOI: 10.1038/srep40134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted great attention in the past 30 years, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) now reaches around 10%, largely owning to the rapid material developments. Meanwhile with the progress in the device performance, more and more interests are turning to understanding the fundamental physics inside the OSCs. In the conventional bulk-heterojunction architecture, only recently it is realized that the blend/cathode Schottky junction serves as the fundamental diode for the photovoltaic function. However, few researches have focused on such junctions, and their physical properties are far from being well-understood. In this paper based on PThBDTP:PC71BM blend, we fabricated OSCs with PCE exceeding 10%, and investigated temperature-dependent behaviors of the junction diodes by various characterization including current-voltage, capacitance-voltage and impedance measurements between 70 to 290 K. We found the Schottky barrier height exhibits large inhomogeneity, which can be described by two sets of Gaussian distributions.
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15
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Guerrero A, Garcia-Belmonte G. Recent Advances to Understand Morphology Stability of Organic Photovoltaics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2017; 9:10. [PMID: 30460307 PMCID: PMC6223777 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-016-0107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic devices are on the verge of commercialization with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 10 % in laboratory cells and above 8.5 % in modules. However, one of the main limitations hindering their mass scale production is the debatable inferior stability of organic photovoltaic devices in comparison to other technologies. Adequate donor/acceptor morphology of the active layer is required to provide carrier separation and transport to the electrodes. Unfortunately, the beneficial morphology for device performance is usually a kinetically frozen state which has not reached thermodynamic equilibrium. During the last 5 years, special efforts have been dedicated to isolate the effects related to morphology changes taking place within the active layer and compare to those affecting the interfaces with the external electrodes. The current review discusses some of the factors affecting the donor/acceptor morphology evolution as one of the major intrinsic degradation pathways. Special attention is paid to factors in the nano- and microscale domain. For example, phase segregation of the polymer and fullerene domains due to Ostwald ripening is a major factor in the microscale domain and is affected by the presence of additives, glass transition temperature of the polymers or use of crosslinkers in the active layer. Alternatively, the role of vertical segregation profile toward the external electrodes is key for device operation, being a clear case of nanoscale morphology evolution. For example, donor and acceptor molecules actually present at the external interfaces will determine the leakage current of the device, energy-level alignment, and interfacial recombination processes. Different techniques have been developed over the last few years to understand its relationship with the device efficiency. Of special interest are those techniques which enable in situ analysis being non-destructive as they can be used to study accelerated degradation experiments and some will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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16
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Bisquert J, Garcia-Belmonte G, Mora-Sero I. Characterization of Capacitance, Transport and Recombination Parameters in Hybrid Perovskite and Organic Solar Cells. UNCONVENTIONAL THIN FILM PHOTOVOLTAICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782624066-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The application of small perturbation frequency techniques to solar cells provides a great deal of information in terms of capacitive and resistive processes that are related to the photophysical mechanisms that lie at the basis of the photovoltaic operation. These methods can be exhaustively exploited to determine bulk and contact effects in the solar cells, and henceforth improve and optimize materials and interfaces. For photovoltaic devices, the main effects of interest in impedance spectroscopy are the capacitive charge storage and the resistive processes of transport and recombination. The combination of these parameters provides important information about properties such as conductivity, diffusion length and carrier lifetime. In this chapter, we provide an extensive review of the present status of knowledge about these aspects of solar cell operation for organic solar cells and hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells. We describe an exhaustive characterization of capacitive processes, including dielectric relaxation processes, and examine the interpretation of transport and recombination based on a variety of experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I 12006 Castelló Spain
| | | | - Ivan Mora-Sero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I 12006 Castelló Spain
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17
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Ju H, Knesting KM, Zhang W, Pan X, Wang CH, Yang YW, Ginger DS, Zhu J. Interplay between Interfacial Structures and Device Performance in Organic Solar Cells: A Case Study with the Low Work Function Metal, Calcium. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:2125-31. [PMID: 26716763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of how interfacial structure affects charge carrier recombination would benefit the development of highly efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. In this paper, transient photovoltage (TPV) and charge extraction (CE) measurements are used in combination with synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SRPES) to gain insight into the correlation between interfacial properties and device performance. OPV devices based on PCDTBT/PC71BM with a Ca interlayer were studied as a reference system to investigate the interfacial effects on device performance. Devices with a Ca interlayer exhibit a lower recombination than devices with only an Al cathode at a given charge carrier density (n). In addition, the interfacial band structures indicate that the strong dipole moment produced by the Ca interlayer can facilitate the extraction of electrons and drive holes away from the cathode/polymer interface, resulting in beneficial reduction in interfacial recombination losses. These results help explain the higher efficiencies of devices made with Ca interlayers compared to that without the Ca interlayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Ju
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230029, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Kristina M Knesting
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hsin Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Wen Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230029, People's Republic of China
- Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230029, People's Republic of China
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18
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Guerrero A, You J, Aranda C, Kang YS, Garcia-Belmonte G, Zhou H, Bisquert J, Yang Y. Interfacial Degradation of Planar Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2016; 10:218-24. [PMID: 26679510 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The stability of perovskite solar cells is one of the major challenges for this technology to reach commercialization, with water believed to be the major degradation source. In this work, a range of devices containing different cathode metal contacts in the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PCBM/Metal are fully electrically characterized before and after degradation caused by steady illumination during 4 h that induces a dramatic reduction in power conversion efficiency from values of 12 to 1.8%. We show that a decrease in performance and generation of the S-shape is associated with chemical degradation of the metal contact. Alternatively, use of Cr2O3/Cr as the contact enhances the stability, but modification of the energetic profile during steady illumination takes place, significantly reducing the performance. Several techniques including capacitance-voltage, X-ray diffraction, and optical absorption results suggest that the properties of the bulk perovskite layer are little affected in the device degradation process. Capacitance-voltage and impedance spectroscopy results show that the electrical properties of the cathode contact are being modified by generation of a dipole at the cathode that causes a large shift of the flat-band potential that modifies the interfacial energy barrier and impedes efficient extraction of electrons. Ionic movement in the perovskite layer changes the energy profile close to the contacts, modifying the energy level stabilization at the cathode. These results provide insights into the degradation mechanisms of perovskite solar cells and highlight the importance to further study the use of protecting layers to avoid the chemical reactivity of the perovskite with the external contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Jingbi You
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Clara Aranda
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Yong Soo Kang
- Center for Next Generation Dye-sensitized Solar Cells, Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | | | - Huanping Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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19
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McCreery RL. Effects of electronic coupling and electrostatic potential on charge transport in carbon-based molecular electronic junctions. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:32-46. [PMID: 26925350 PMCID: PMC4734416 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular junctions consisting of 2-20 nm thick layers of organic oligomers oriented between a conducting carbon substrate and a carbon/gold top contact have proven to be reproducible and reliable, and will soon enter commercial production in audio processing circuits. The covalent, conjugated bond between one or both sp(2)-hybridized carbon contacts and an aromatic molecular layer is distinct from the more common metal/molecule or silicon/molecule structures in many reported molecular junctions. Theoretical observations based on density functional theory are presented here, which model carbon-based molecular junctions as single molecules and oligomers between fragments of graphene. Electronic coupling between the molecules and the contacts is demonstrated by the formation of hybrid orbitals in the model structure, which have significant electron density on both the graphene and the molecule. The energies of such hybrid orbitals correlate with tunneling barriers determined experimentally, and electronic coupling between the two graphene fragments in the model correlates with experimentally observed attenuation of transport with molecular layer thickness. Electronic coupling is affected significantly by the dihedral angle between the planes of the graphene and the molecular π-systems, but is absent only when the two planes are orthogonal. Coupling also results in partial charge transfer between the graphene contacts and the molecular layer, which results in a shift in electrostatic potential which affects the observed tunneling barrier. Although the degree of partial charge transfer is difficult to calculate accurately, it does provide a basis for the "vacuum level shift" observed in many experiments, including transport and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of molecular layers on conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L McCreery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada and National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Canada
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20
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Ye F, Chen Z, Zhao X, Li Z, Yang X. Interface modification strategy based on a hybrid cathode buffer layer for promoting the performance of polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An interface modification strategy based on a hybrid cathode buffer layer is proposed and demonstrated for promoting charge generation and extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Zhaobin Chen
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Zidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoniu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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21
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Hoang QV, Song CE, Kang IN, Moon SJ, Lee SK, Lee JC, Shin WS. Low band gap diketopyrrolopyrrole-based small molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells: influence of terminal side chain on morphology and photovoltaic performance. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two low band gap small molecules based on DPP with different terminal side chains were synthesized. They show similar physical properties but different photovoltaic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Viet Hoang
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
| | - In-Nam Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Catholic University of Korea
- Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Moon
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
| | - Jong-Cheol Lee
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
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22
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Chambon S, Murat Y, Wantz G, Hirsch L, Tardy P. Lanthanum Hexaboride As Novel Interlayer for Improving the Thermal Stability of P3HT:PCBM Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25334-25340. [PMID: 26540482 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells, a low work function electrode is necessary to enhance the built-in voltage of the active layer, thereby improving the overall efficiency. Calcium is often used for this purpose in the laboratory; however, its development on a larger scale is impaired by its high reactivity with oxygen and water and the resulting low stability of solar cells under operation. The influence of a novel interlayer, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6), on the electronic properties of OPV is studied in this work. Similarly to calcium, when LaB6 is used as an interlayer, it enhances the built-in voltage in the device, leading to a higher fill factor (FF) and optimal open circuit voltage (V(oc)). As a result, optimized LaB6-based devices present significantly improved power conversion efficiencies. More importantly, while calcium/aluminum (Ca/Al) and aluminum (Al) cathodes lose their capacity to enhance the internal electrical field during thermal aging, the LaB6/aluminum (LaB6/Al) electrode remains stable. This remarkable effect results in a highly stable V(oc) and flat-band potential during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Chambon
- Univ. Bordeaux, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
- CNRS, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
- Bordeaux, INP, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Yolande Murat
- Univ. Bordeaux, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
- CNRS, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
- Bordeaux, INP, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- Univ. Bordeaux, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
- CNRS, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
- Bordeaux, INP, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Lionel Hirsch
- Univ. Bordeaux, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
- CNRS, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
- Bordeaux, INP, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Pascal Tardy
- Univ. Bordeaux, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
- CNRS, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
- Bordeaux, INP, IMS, UMR 5218 , F-33405 Talence, France
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23
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Marchesi LF, Jacumasso SC, Quintanilha RC, Winnischofer H, Vidotti M. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy behavior of poly(aniline) nanocomposite electrodes modified by Layer-by-Layer deposition. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Quantitative operando visualization of the energy band depth profile in solar cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7745. [PMID: 26166580 PMCID: PMC4510960 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy band alignment in solar cell devices is critically important because it largely governs elementary photovoltaic processes, such as the generation, separation, transport, recombination and collection of charge carriers. Despite the expenditure of considerable effort, the measurement of energy band depth profiles across multiple layers has been extremely challenging, especially for operando devices. Here we present direct visualization of the surface potential depth profile over the cross-sections of operando organic photovoltaic devices using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. The convolution effect due to finite tip size and cantilever beam crosstalk has previously prohibited quantitative interpretation of scanning Kelvin probe microscopy-measured surface potential depth profiles. We develop a bias voltage-compensation method to address this critical problem and obtain quantitatively accurate measurements of the open-circuit voltage, built-in potential and electrode potential difference. The energy band alignment of solar cell materials is highly relevant to the device performance, but its measurement is challenging. Here, the authors report direct visualization of energy band alignment in operating organic photovoltaic devices using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy imaging.
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25
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Exploring the open-circuit voltage of organic solar cells under low temperature. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11363. [PMID: 26079701 PMCID: PMC4468816 DOI: 10.1038/srep11363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Open-circuit voltage (VOC) in organic solar cells (OSCs) is currently still not well-understood. A generally acceptable view is that VOC is mainly determined by the energy level offset between donor and acceptor materials. Recently in ternary blend OSCs, VOC is found to be dependent on the blend composition. But contrary to expectation, this dependence is not a simple linear relationship, which adds complications to understanding on VOC. Here, in order to figure out the origin of VOC, we performed a series of experiments on both binary and ternary blend OSCs in a wide temperature range from 15 K to 300 K. It is observed that the devices behave like Schottky barrier (SB) diode. By fitting the experimental results with SB diode model, the detailed device parameters of ternary blend OSCs are extracted and it is found that VOC is determined by the energetics of organic molecules and metal at the cathode interface, and the inhomogeneity of the SB also play a great role in the origin of VOC at low temperatures. This work not only paves the way to deep understanding on the origin of VOC, but also opens a door to further exploring the general working principle of OSCs.
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26
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Zampetti A, Fallahpour AH, Dianetti M, Salamandra L, Santoni F, Gagliardi A, Auf der Maur M, Brunetti F, Reale A, Brown TM, Di Carlo A. Influence of the interface material layers and semiconductor energetic disorder on the open circuit voltage in polymer solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zampetti
- Department of Electronic Engineering; CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Solar Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via del Politecnico 1; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Amir Hossein Fallahpour
- Department of Electronic Engineering; CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Solar Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via del Politecnico 1; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Martina Dianetti
- Department of Electronic Engineering; CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Solar Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via del Politecnico 1; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Salamandra
- Department of Electronic Engineering; CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Solar Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via del Politecnico 1; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Francesco Santoni
- Department of Electronic Engineering; CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Solar Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via del Politecnico 1; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Alessio Gagliardi
- Technische Universität München, Electrical and Computer Engineering; Arcisstr. 21 80333 München Germany
| | - Matthias Auf der Maur
- Department of Electronic Engineering; CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Solar Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via del Politecnico 1; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Brunetti
- Department of Electronic Engineering; CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Solar Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via del Politecnico 1; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Andrea Reale
- Department of Electronic Engineering; CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Solar Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via del Politecnico 1; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Thomas M. Brown
- Department of Electronic Engineering; CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Solar Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via del Politecnico 1; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- Department of Electronic Engineering; CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Solar Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via del Politecnico 1; 00133 Rome Italy
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Kovalenko A, Guerrero A, Garcia-Belmonte G. Role of vertical segregation in semitransparent organic photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:1234-9. [PMID: 25522924 DOI: 10.1021/am5071859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the efficiency of semitransparent organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices for low intensity applications is investigated as a function of the processing conditions. It is observed that a thermal treatment of the organic layer induces fullerene migration toward the active layer/air interface. This physical process gives rise to different vertical segregation profiles of donor and acceptor molecules. Once the back contact is deposited, the amount of fullerene covering the surface will determine the contact selectivity and leakage current of the device. Control of this leakage current may not be essential for devices fabricated for high illumination condition applications. However, devices to be used under low illumination conditions may be highly influenced by the presence of this parasitic dark current which flows in the opposite direction to photogenerated current. At the proximity of the contacts, the vertical segregation profile is inferred from optical and electrical measurements. In particular, external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements carried out from a relatively opaque back contact provide local information on the materials spatially close to the light source. Alternatively, capacitance-voltage measurements enable calculation of the percentage of fullerene molecules covering the cathode contact. Overall, a versatile method that can be used in regular and inverted configuration is presented that explains the different behavior observed for devices to be used under low illumination conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kovalenko
- Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I , ES-12071 Castelló, Spain
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28
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Uncovering the role of cathode buffer layer in organic solar cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7803. [PMID: 25588623 PMCID: PMC4295095 DOI: 10.1038/srep07803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) as the third generation photovoltaic devices have drawn intense research, for their ability to be easily deposited by low-cost solution coating technologies. However the cathode in conventional OSCs, Ca, can be only deposited by thermal evaporation and is highly unstable in ambient. Therefore various solution processible cathode buffer layers (CBLs) are synthesized as substitute of Ca and show excellent effect in optimizing performance of OSCs. Yet, there is still no universal consensus on the mechanism that how CBL works, which is evidently a critical scientific issue that should be addressed. In this article detailed studies are targeted on the interfacial physics at the interface between active layer and cathode (with and without treatment of a polar CBL) by using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, capacitance-voltage measurement, and impedance spectroscopy. The experimental data demonstrate that CBL mainly takes effect in three ways: suppressing surface states at the surface of active layer, protecting the active layer from being damaged by thermally evaporated cathode, and changing the energy level alignment by forming dipole moments with active layer and/or cathode. Our findings here provide a comprehensive picture of interfacial physics in devices with and without CBL.
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Kirchartz T, Bisquert J, Mora-Sero I, Garcia-Belmonte G. Classification of solar cells according to mechanisms of charge separation and charge collection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4007-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05174b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper elaborates a general description of solar cells based on a single absorber material, according to the mechanisms of charge separation and charge collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5-Photovoltaik
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic Devices Group
- Departament de Física
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ivan Mora-Sero
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic Devices Group
- Departament de Física
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
| | - Germà Garcia-Belmonte
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic Devices Group
- Departament de Física
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
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30
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Tan L, He Z, Chen Y. Formation of cathode buffer layer by surface segregation of fluoroalkyl-modified ZnO for polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00462d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A cathode buffer layer, formed by surface segregation of fluoroalkyl modified ZnO, was present in polymer solar cells based on P3HT:PCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry
| | - Zhijuan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry
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31
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Shukla S, Loc NH, Boix PP, Koh TM, Prabhakar RR, Mulmudi HK, Zhang J, Chen S, Ng CF, Huan CHA, Mathews N, Sritharan T, Xiong Q. Iron pyrite thin film counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells: high efficiency for iodine and cobalt redox electrolyte cells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10597-10605. [PMID: 25241831 DOI: 10.1021/nn5040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron pyrite has been the material of interest in the solar community due to its optical properties and abundance. However, the progress is marred due to the lack of control on the surface and intrinsic chemistry of pyrite. In this report, we show iron pyrite as an efficient counter electrode (CE) material alternative to the conventional Pt and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) CEs in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Pyrite film CEs prepared by spray pyrolysis are utilized in I3(-)/I(-) and Co(III)/Co(II) electrolyte-mediated DSSCs. From cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy studies, the catalytic activity is found to be comparable with that of Pt and PEDOT in I3(-)/I(-) and Co(III)/Co(II) electrolyte, respectively. With the I3(-)/I(-) electrolyte, photoconversion efficiency is found to be 8.0% for the pyrite CE and 7.5% for Pt, whereas with Co(III)/Co(II) redox DSSCs, efficiency is found to be the same for both pyrite and PEDOT (6.3%). The excellent performance of the pyrite CE in both the systems makes it a distinctive choice among the various CE materials studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Shukla
- Energy Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, §Energy Research Institute, ∥Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and ⊥NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Centre of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
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32
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Sweetnam S, Graham KR, Ngongang Ndjawa GO, Heumüller T, Bartelt JA, Burke TM, Li W, You W, Amassian A, McGehee MD. Characterization of the Polymer Energy Landscape in Polymer:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunctions with Pure and Mixed Phases. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14078-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505463r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Sweetnam
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4034, United States
| | - Kenneth R. Graham
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4034, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering
Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955−6900
| | - Guy O. Ngongang Ndjawa
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering
Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955−6900
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4034, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Bartelt
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4034, United States
| | - Timothy M. Burke
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4034, United States
| | - Wentao Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Aram Amassian
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering
Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955−6900
| | - Michael D. McGehee
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4034, United States
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33
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Zang H, Hsiao YC, Hu B. Surface-charge accumulation effects on open-circuit voltage in organic solar cells based on photoinduced impedance analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4971-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of dissociated charge carriers plays an important role in reducing the loss occurring in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville, USA
| | - Yu-Che Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville, USA
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34
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Dibb GFA, Muth MA, Kirchartz T, Engmann S, Hoppe H, Gobsch G, Thelakkat M, Blouin N, Tierney S, Carrasco-Orozco M, Durrant JR, Nelson J. Influence of doping on charge carrier collection in normal and inverted geometry polymer:fullerene solar cells. Sci Rep 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/srep03335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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35
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Liu Z, Li J, Yan F. Package-free flexible organic solar cells with graphene top electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4296-301. [PMID: 23553739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201205337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Package-free flexible organic solar cells are fabricated with multilayer graphene as top transparent electrodes, which show the highest power conversion efficiency of about 3.2% and excellent flexibility and bending stability. The devices also show good air stability, indicating that multilayer graphene is a promising environmental barrier that can protect the organic solar cells from air contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Liu
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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36
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Guerrero A, Dörling B, Ripolles-Sanchis T, Aghamohammadi M, Barrena E, Campoy-Quiles M, Garcia-Belmonte G. Interplay between fullerene surface coverage and contact selectivity of cathode interfaces in organic solar cells. ACS NANO 2013; 7:4637-46. [PMID: 23611512 DOI: 10.1021/nn4014593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces play a determining role in establishing the degree of carrier selectivity at outer contacts in organic solar cells. Considering that the bulk heterojunction consists of a blend of electron donor and acceptor materials, the specific relative surface coverage at the electrode interfaces has an impact on the carrier selectivity. This work unravels how fullerene surface coverage at cathode contacts lies behind the carrier selectivity of the electrodes. A variety of techniques such as variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and capacitance-voltage measurements have been used to determine the degree of fullerene surface coverage in a set of PCPDTBT-based solar cells processed with different additives. A full screening from highly fullerene-rich to polymer-rich phases attaching the cathode interface has enabled the overall correlation between surface morphology (relative coverage) and device performance (operating parameters). The general validity of the measurements is further discussed in three additional donor/acceptor systems: PCPDTBT, P3HT, PCDTBT, and PTB7 blended with fullerene derivatives. It is demonstrated that a fullerene-rich interface at the cathode is a prerequisite to enhance contact selectivity and consequently power conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guerrero
- Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, ES-12071 Castelló, Spain
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37
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Garcia-Belmonte G, Guerrero A, Bisquert J. Elucidating Operating Modes of Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells from Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:877-86. [PMID: 26291350 DOI: 10.1021/jz302064z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the progress and challenges in the application of impedance spectroscopy analysis to determine key processes and parameters in organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells. When carrier transport or outer interface extraction do not severely influence the solar cell performance, a simple method to quantify the open-circuit voltage loss caused by the kinetics of charge carrier recombination is provided, based on the determination of chemical capacitance and recombination resistance. This easily allows distinguishing between energetic and kinetic effects on photovoltage, and establishes a benchmark for the performance comparison of a set of different cells. A brief discussion of impedance analysis in the much less studied case of collection-limited solar cells is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germà Garcia-Belmonte
- Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, ES-12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, ES-12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, ES-12071 Castelló, Spain
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38
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39
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Bisquert J, Marcus RA. Device Modeling of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 352:325-95. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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