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Radler JB, McBride AR, Saha K, Nighot P, Holmes GM. Regional Heterogeneity in Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Permeability and Mesenteric Perfusion After Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury. Dig Dis Sci 2024:10.1007/s10620-024-08537-z. [PMID: 39001959 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts intestinal barrier function, thereby increasing antigen permeation and leading to poor outcomes. Despite the intestinal tract's anatomic and physiologic heterogeneity, studies following SCI have not comprehensively addressed intestinal pathophysiology with regional specificity. AIMS AND METHODS We used an experimental model of high thoracic SCI to investigate (1) regional mucosal oxidative stress using dihydroethidium labeling; (2) regional paracellular permeability to small- and large-molecular probes via Ussing chamber; (3) regional intestinal tight junction (TJ) protein expression; and (4) hindgut perfusion via the caudal mesenteric artery. RESULTS Dihydroethidium staining was significantly elevated within duodenal mucosa at 3-day post-SCI. Molar flux of [14C]-urea was significantly elevated in duodenum and proximal colon at 3-day post-SCI, while molar flux of [3H]-inulin was significantly elevated only in duodenum at 3-day post-SCI. Barrier permeability was mirrored by a significant increase in the expression of pore-forming TJ protein claudin-2 in duodenum and proximal colon at 3-day post-SCI. Claudin-2 expression remained significantly elevated in proximal colon at 3-week post-SCI. Expression of the barrier-forming TJ protein occludin was significantly reduced in duodenum at 3-day post-SCI. Caudal mesenteric artery flow was unchanged by SCI at 3 days or 3 weeks despite significant reductions in mean arterial pressure. CONCLUSION These data show that T3-SCI provokes elevated mucosal oxidative stress, altered expression of TJ proteins, and elevated intestinal barrier permeability in the proximal intestine. In contrast, mucosal oxidative stress and intestinal barrier permeability were unchanged in the hindgut after SCI. This regional heterogeneity may result from differential sensitivity to reduced mesenteric perfusion, though further studies are required to establish a causal link. Understanding regional differences in intestinal pathophysiology is essential for developing effective treatments and standards of care for individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson B Radler
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Amanda R McBride
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Kushal Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Gregory M Holmes
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Bagyánszki M, Bódi N. Key elements determining the intestinal region-specific environment of enteric neurons in type 1 diabetes. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2704-2716. [PMID: 37274063 PMCID: PMC10237112 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i18.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, as a metabolic disorder, is accompanied with several gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, like abdominal pain, gastroparesis, diarrhoea or constipation. Serious and complex enteric nervous system damage is confirmed in the background of these diabetic motility complaints. The anatomical length of the GI tract, as well as genetic, developmental, structural and functional differences between its segments contribute to the distinct, intestinal region-specific effects of hyperglycemia. These observations support and highlight the importance of a regional approach in diabetes-related enteric neuropathy. Intestinal large and microvessels are essential for the blood supply of enteric ganglia. Bidirectional morpho-functional linkage exists between enteric neurons and enteroglia, however, there is also a reciprocal communication between enteric neurons and immune cells on which intestinal microbial composition has crucial influence. From this point of view, it is more appropriate to say that enteric neurons partake in multidirectional communication and interact with these key players of the intestinal wall. These interplays may differ from segment to segment, thus, the microenvironment of enteric neurons could be considered strictly regional. The goal of this review is to summarize the main tissue components and molecular factors, such as enteric glia cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, gut vasculature, intestinal epithelium, gut microbiota, immune cells, enteroendocrine cells, pro-oxidants, antioxidant molecules and extracellular matrix, which create and determine a gut region-dependent neuronal environment in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Bagyánszki
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Bódi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
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Li Y, Ma Q, Shi X, Liu G, Wang C. Integrated multi-omics reveals novel microbe-host lipid metabolism and immune interactions in the donkey hindgut. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003247. [PMID: 36466834 PMCID: PMC9716284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown that gut microbiota play a key role in host metabolism and health; however, little is known about the microbial community in the donkey hindgut as well as the interactions that occur between gut microbes and the host. This study aimed to explore the gut microbiome differences by analyzing the microbial community and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to lipid metabolism and the immune system along the donkey hindgut. The hindgut tissues (cecum, ventral colon, and dorsal colon) were separated, and the contents of each section were collected from six male donkeys for multi-omics analysis. There were significant differences in terms of dominant bacteria among the three sections, especially between the cecum and dorsal colon sites. For instance, species belonging to Prevotella and Treponema were most abundant in the cecum, while the Clostridiales_bacterium, Streptococcus_equinus, Ruminococcaceae_bacterium, etc., were more abundant in the dorsal colon. Apart from propionate, the concentrations of acetate, isobutyrate, valerate and isovalerate were all lower in the cecum than in the dorsal colon (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we identified some interesting DEGs related to lipid metabolism (e.g., ME1, MBOAT1, ACOX1, ACOX2 and LIPH) and the immune system (e.g., MUC3B, mucin-2-like, IL17RC, IL1R2, IL33, C1QA, and MMP9) between the cecum and dorsal colon and found that the PPAR pathway was mainly enriched in the cecum. Finally, we found a complex relationship between the gut microbiome and gene expression, especially with respect to the immune system, and combined with protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, suggesting that the PPAR pathway might be responsible, at least in part, for the role of the hindgut microbiota in the donkeys' gut homeostasis. Our data provide an in-depth understanding of the interaction between the microbiota and function in the healthy equine hindgut and may also provide guidance for improving animal performance metrics (such as product quality) and equine welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Changfa Wang
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Zahra KF, Lefter R, Ali A, Abdellah EC, Trus C, Ciobica A, Timofte D. The Involvement of the Oxidative Stress Status in Cancer Pathology: A Double View on the Role of the Antioxidants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9965916. [PMID: 34394838 PMCID: PMC8360750 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9965916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are known by their "double-sided" nature in biological systems. The beneficial effects of ROS involve physiological roles as weapons in the arsenal of the immune system (destroying bacteria within phagocytic cells) and role in programmed cell death (apoptosis). On the other hand, the redox imbalance in favor of the prooxidants results in an overproduction of the ROS/RNS leading to oxidative stress. This imbalance can, therefore, be related to oncogenic stimulation. High levels of ROS disrupt cellular processes by nonspecifically attacking proteins, lipids, and DNA. It appears that DNA damage is the key player in cancer initiation and the formation of 8-OH-G, a potential biomarker for carcinogenesis. The harmful effect of ROS is neutralized by an antioxidant protection treatment as they convert ROS into less reactive species. However, contradictory epidemiological results show that supplementation above physiological doses recommended for antioxidants and taken over a long period can lead to harmful effects and even increase the risk of cancer. Thus, we are describing here some of the latest updates on the involvement of oxidative stress in cancer pathology and a double view on the role of the antioxidants in this context and how this could be relevant in the management and pathology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Fatima Zahra
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials/Agri-Food and Health, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Radu Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, 8th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Ech-Chahad Abdellah
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Constantin Trus
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dunarea de Jos University, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Timofte
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Demirel T, Yaylim I, Ergen HA, Gunay MK, Tekant Y, Isbir T. Association of paraoxonase (PON1) polymorphisms and activity with colorectal cancer predisposition. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1867006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tugrul Demirel
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Yaylim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Arzu Ergen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kayihan Gunay
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaman Tekant
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgay Isbir
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Holmes GM, Blanke EN. Gastrointestinal dysfunction after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113009. [PMID: 31299180 PMCID: PMC6716787 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates is a heterogeneous organ system innervated to varying degrees by a local enteric neural network as well as extrinsic parasympathetic and sympathetic neural circuits located along the brainstem and spinal axis. This diverse organ system serves to regulate the secretory and propulsive reflexes integral to the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The quasi-segmental distribution of the neural circuits innervating the gastrointestinal (GI) tract produces varying degrees of dysfunction depending upon the level of spinal cord injury (SCI). At all levels of SCI, GI dysfunction frequently presents life-long challenges to individuals coping with injury. Growing attention to the profound changes that occur across the entire physiology of individuals with SCI reveals profound knowledge gaps in our understanding of the temporal dimensions and magnitude of organ-specific co-morbidities following SCI. It is essential to understand and identify these broad pathophysiological changes in order to develop appropriate evidence-based strategies for management by clinicians, caregivers and individuals living with SCI. This review summarizes the neurophysiology of the GI tract in the uninjured state and the pathophysiology associated with the systemic effects of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Holmes
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states of America.
| | - Emily N Blanke
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states of America
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Chedea VS, Palade LM, Marin DE, Pelmus RS, Habeanu M, Rotar MC, Gras MA, Pistol GC, Taranu I. Intestinal Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of Grape Pomace Polyphenols. Nutrients 2018; 10:E588. [PMID: 29747456 PMCID: PMC5986468 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The absorption and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from grape pomace (GP) are important aspects of its valorization as a feed additive in the diet of weaned piglets. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of polyphenols from GP both in vitro in IPEC cells and in vivo in the duodenum and colon of piglets fed with diets containing or not 5% GP and also to compare and correlate the aspects of their in vitro and in vivo absorption. Total polyphenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant status (TAS, CAT, SOD and GPx enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation-TBARS level) were assessed in duodenum and colon of piglets fed or not a diet with 5% GP. The results of UV-Vis spectroscopy demonstrated that in cellular and extracellular medium the GP polyphenols were oxidized (between λmax = 276 nm and λmax = 627.0 nm) with the formation of o-quinones and dimers. LC-MS analysis indicated a procyanidin trimer possibly C2, and a procyanidin dimer as the major polyphenols identified in GP, 12.8% of the procyanidin trimer and 23% of the procyanidin dimer respectively being also found in the compound feed. Procyanidin trimer C2 is the compound accumulated in duodenum, 73% of it being found in the colon of control piglets, and 62.5% in the colon of GP piglets. Correlations exist between the in vitro and in vivo investigations regarding the qualitative evaluation of GP polyphenols in the cells (λmax at 287.1 nm) and in the gut (λmax at 287.5 nm), as oxidated metabolic products. Beside the presence of polyphenols metabolites this study shows also the presence of the unmetabolized procyanidin trimers in duodenum and colon tissue, an important point in evaluating the benefic actions of these molecules at intestinal level. Moreover the in vivo study shows that a 5% GP in piglet’s diet increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) and decreased lipid peroxidantion (TBARS) in both duodenum and colon, and increased SOD activity in duodenum and CAT and GPx activity in colon. These parameters are modulated by the different polyphenols absorbed, mainly by the procyanidin trimers and catechin on one side and the polyphenols metabolites on the other side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sanda Chedea
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Laurentiu Mihai Palade
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Daniela Eliza Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Rodica Stefania Pelmus
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Habeanu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Mircea Catalin Rotar
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Mihail Alexandru Gras
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
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De Angelis PM, Schjølberg AR, Hughes JB, Huitfeldt HS, Norheim Andersen S, Østvold AC. Nondysplastic Ulcerative Colitis Has High Levels of the Homologous Recombination Repair Protein NUCKS1 and Low Levels of the DNA Damage Marker Gamma-H2AX. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:593-600. [PMID: 29462394 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The colon and rectum are continuously exposed to oxidative stress that generates reactive oxygen species, which are a major cause of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Furthermore, chronic inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC) are characterized by an excess of reactive nitrogen species that can also lead to DNA double-strand breakage and genomic instability. We investigated the expression of the nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1) protein in UC and sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) due to its involvement in both DNA double-strand break repair and inflammatory signaling. METHODS NUCKS1 expression and expression of the DNA double-strand break marker gamma-H2AX (γH2AX) were assessed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded UC and CRC patient biopsies using peroxidase immunohistochemistry. Expression levels for both proteins were evaluated together with previously published expression-level data for hTERT and TP53 proteins in the same material. RESULTS Nondysplastic UC lesions had 10-fold lower γH2AX expression and approximately 4-fold higher NUCKS1 expression compared with sporadic CRC, indicating minimal DNA DSB damage and heightened DNA DSB repair in these lesions, respectively. NUCKS1 expression in UC tended to decrease with increasing grades of dysplasia, whereas γH2AX, hTERT, and TP53 expression tended to increase with increasing grades of dysplasia. The highest γH2AX expression was seen in sporadic CRC, indicating considerable DNA DSB damage, whereas the highest NUCKS1 expression and hTERT expression were seen in nondysplastic UC. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data suggest that NUCKS1 may be involved in DNA DSB repair and/or inflammatory signaling in UC, but a more thorough investigation of both pathways in UC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M De Angelis
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aasa R Schjølberg
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Juliana B Hughes
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik S Huitfeldt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anne Carine Østvold
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Study of intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of Phoenix loureiroi Kunth (Arecaceae) fruit. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Gyuraszova M, Kovalcikova A, Gardlik R. Association between oxidative status and the composition of intestinal microbiota along the gastrointestinal tract. Med Hypotheses 2017; 103:81-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Serreli G, Incani A, Atzeri A, Angioni A, Campus M, Cauli E, Zurru R, Deiana M. Antioxidant Effect of Natural Table Olives Phenolic Extract Against Oxidative Stress and Membrane Damage in Enterocyte-Like Cells. J Food Sci 2017; 82:380-385. [PMID: 28071793 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic fraction of a naturally fermented cultivar of table olives, "Tonda di Cagliari," was investigated for the ability to protect Caco-2 cells against oxidative stress and membrane damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxyde (TBH). TBH exposure resulted in an alteration of cellular redox status, with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) level. A loss of the epithelial integrity, as indicated by the decrease of the transepithelial electrical resistance value, was also observed over time, together with an intense lipid peroxidation process. The olives phenolic extract significantly counteracted ROS generation and subsequent alteration of monolayer integrity and membrane oxidative damage. The protective action of the extract is likely due to the scavenging ability of its main components, as hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and verbascoside among the secoiridoids and derivatives. Since olives phenolic compounds concentrate in the intestinal lumen, they may be a useful tool in the prevention of intestinal disorders related to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Serreli
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Pathology, Univ. of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Monserrato (CA), 09042, Italy
| | - Alessandra Incani
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Pathology, Univ. of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Monserrato (CA), 09042, Italy
| | - Angela Atzeri
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Pathology, Univ. of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Monserrato (CA), 09042, Italy
| | - Alberto Angioni
- Dept. of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Campus
- Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia (Agris Sardegna), Km 18.600 S.S. 291, Loc. Bonassai, Sassari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cauli
- Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia (Agris Sardegna), Km 18.600 S.S. 291, Loc. Bonassai, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Zurru
- Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia (Agris Sardegna), Km 18.600 S.S. 291, Loc. Bonassai, Sassari, Italy
| | - Monica Deiana
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Pathology, Univ. of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Monserrato (CA), 09042, Italy
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Satish Kumar CSV, Kondal Reddy K, Boobalan G, Gopala Reddy A, Sudha Rani Chowdhary CH, Vinoth A, Jayakanth K, Srinivasa Rao G. Immunomodulatory effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum 231 on trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Res Vet Sci 2016; 110:40-46. [PMID: 28159236 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are two important chronic Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by prominent intestinal inflammation. Probiotics are the bacteria that promote the host health by its immunomodulatory activity. The present study investigated the correlation between in vitro adhesion and immunomodulatory properties, and to assess the therapeutic potential of Bifidobacterium bifidum 231 (BIF 231), a new strain of probiotic in ulcerative colitis in rats. METHODS In vitro adhesion assays and immunomodulatory effect of BIF 231 on interleukins (IL-1β and IL-10) in IEC-6 cell lines were quantified by gram staining, scanning electron microscopy and q-PCR respectively. Colitis was induced by intra-rectal instillation of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Colitis was evaluated by alterations in colon gross morphology, histologically and biochemically. Colonic interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA and protein expression were assessed by q-PCR, ELISA and western blot. RESULTS BIF 231 showed better adhesion and immunomodulation by up-regulating IL-10 levels in IEC-6 cell lines. In vivo studies with treatment of BIF 231 (1.4×1011 CFU/rat/day) revealed anti-inflammatory effects both macroscopically and histologically. BIF 231 lowered TBARS, nitric oxide and augmented GSH levels. BIF 231 treatment to colitic rats down regulated IL-1β levels with concurrent increase in IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS BIF 231 exerted beneficial in vitro adhesion and immunomodulatory properties which facilitated the recovery of the damaged tissue in TNBS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S V Satish Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - K Kondal Reddy
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - G Boobalan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - A Gopala Reddy
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - C H Sudha Rani Chowdhary
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram 521102, India.
| | - A Vinoth
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - K Jayakanth
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - G Srinivasa Rao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram 521102, India.
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Antioxidant defence systems in the protozoan pathogen Giardia intestinalis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 206:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Dave LA, Hayes M, Moughan PJ, Rutherfurd SM. Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory and Antioxidant Peptides Derived from Human Gastrointestinal Endogenous Proteins. Int J Pept Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-016-9515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Changes in the distribution of type II transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS2 and in paracellular permeability in IPEC-J2 cells exposed to oxidative stress. Inflammation 2015; 38:775-83. [PMID: 25097076 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oxidative stress on barrier integrity and localization of transmembrane serine proteinase 2 (TMPRSS2) were studied using porcine epithelial IPEC-J2 cells on membrane inserts. Increased paracellular permeability of FITC-dextran 4 kDa (fluorescence intensity 43,508 ± 2,391 versus 3,550 ± 759) and that of gentamicin (3.41 ± 0.06 % increase to controls) were measured parallel with the reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (23.3 ± 4.06 % decrease) of cell layers 6 h after 1 h 1 mM H2O2 treatment. The immunohistochemical localization of adherens junctional β-catenin was not affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS) up to 4 mM H2O2. Peroxide-triggered enhanced paracellular permeability of IPEC-J2 cell layer was accompanied by predominantly cytoplasmic occurrence of TMPRSS2 embedded in cell membrane under physiological conditions. These results support that ROS can influence paracellular gate opening via multifaceted mode of action without involvement of β-catenin redistribution in adherens junction. Altered distribution pattern of TMPRSS2 and relocalized transmembrane serine protease activity may contribute to weakening of epithelial barrier integrity under acute oxidative stress.
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17
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Novak EA, Mollen KP. Mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:62. [PMID: 26484345 PMCID: PMC4589667 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) represents a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by chronic or recurring inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. While the exact etiology of disease is unknown, IBD is recognized to be a complex, multifactorial disease that results from an intricate interplay of genetic predisposition, an altered immune response, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and environmental factors. Together, these contribute to a destruction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, increased gut permeability, and an influx of immune cells. Given that most cellular functions as well as maintenance of the epithelial barrier is energy-dependent, it is logical to assume that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in both the onset and recurrence of disease. Indeed several studies have demonstrated evidence of mitochondrial stress and alterations in mitochondrial function within the intestinal epithelium of patients with IBD and mice undergoing experimental colitis. Although the hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction, including oxidative stress and impaired ATP production are known to be evident in the intestines of patients with IBD, it is as yet unclear whether these processes occur as a cause of consequence of disease. We provide a current review of mitochondrial function in the setting of intestinal inflammation during IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kevin P Mollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Gorczyca AM, He K, Xun P, Margolis KL, Wallace JP, Lane D, Thomson C, Ho GYF, Shikany JM, Luo J. Association between magnesium intake and risk of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1761-9. [PMID: 26390877 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Data relating to magnesium intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in postmenopausal women are incomplete. We investigated the association between total magnesium intake and the risk of CRC in an ethnically diverse cohort of postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. METHODS Self-reported dietary and supplemental magnesium were combined to form total magnesium intake. Invasive incident CRC was the primary outcome. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS During an average follow-up of 13 years (1,832,319 person-years), of the 140,601 women included for analysis, 2,381 women were diagnosed with CRC (1,982 colon cancer and 438 rectal cancer). After adjustment for potential confounding variables, an inverse association was observed in the highest quintile of total magnesium intake compared to the lowest quintile for risk of CRC (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.67, 0.94, p trend < 0.0001) and colon cancer (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66, 0.97, p trend < 0.0001). A borderline significant inverse association was detected in the highest versus the lowest quintile of total magnesium intake for rectal cancer (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.51, 1.13, p trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study support the hypothesis that magnesium intake around 400 mg/day from both dietary and supplemental sources is associated with a lower incidence of CRC in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Gorczyca
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th Street 070B, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA.
| | - Ka He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th Street 070B, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Pencheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th Street 070B, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Karen L Margolis
- HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Janet P Wallace
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Dorothy Lane
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | | | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th Street 070B, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
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19
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Catanzaro D, Rancan S, Orso G, Dall’Acqua S, Brun P, Giron MC, Carrara M, Castagliuolo I, Ragazzi E, Caparrotta L, Montopoli M. Boswellia serrata Preserves Intestinal Epithelial Barrier from Oxidative and Inflammatory Damage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125375. [PMID: 25955295 PMCID: PMC4425476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are currently the therapeutic choices in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), however, with limited remission and often serious side effects. Meanwhile complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is increasing, particularly herbal medicine. Boswellia serrata is a traditional Ayurvedic remedy with anti-inflammatory properties, of interest for its usefulness in IBDs. The mechanism of this pharmacological potential of Boswellia serrata was investigated in colonic epithelial cell monolayers exposed to H2O2 or INF-γ+TNF-α, chosen as in vitro experimental model of intestinal inflammation. The barrier function was evaluated by the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and paracellular permeability assay, and by the tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, ZO-1 and occludin) immunofluorescence. The expression of phosphorylated NF-κB and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined by immunoblot and cytofluorimetric assay, respectively. Boswellia serrata oleo-gum extract (BSE) and its pure derivative acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), were tested at 0.1-10 μg/ml and 0.027μg/ml, respectively. BSE and AKBA safety was demonstrated by no alteration of intestinal cell viability and barrier function and integrity biomarkers. H2O2 or INF-γ+TNF-α treatment of Caco-2 cell monolayers significantly reduced TEER, increased paracellular permeability and caused the disassembly of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1. BSE and AKBA pretreatment significantly prevented functional and morphological alterations and also the NF-κB phosphorylation induced by the inflammatory stimuli. At the same concentrations BSE and AKBA counteracted the increase of ROS caused by H2O2 exposure. Data showed the positive correlation of the antioxidant activity with the mechanism involved in the physiologic maintenance of the integrity and function of the intestinal epithelium. This study elucidates the pharmacological mechanisms mediated by BSE, in protecting intestinal epithelial barrier from inflammatory damage and supports its use as safe adjuvant in patients affected by IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Catanzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Serena Rancan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ignazio Castagliuolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Caparrotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (LC); (MM)
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (LC); (MM)
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20
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Catanzaro D, Rancan S, Orso G, Dall'Acqua S, Brun P, Giron MC, Carrara M, Castagliuolo I, Ragazzi E, Caparrotta L, Montopoli M. Boswellia serrata Preserves Intestinal Epithelial Barrier from Oxidative and Inflammatory Damage. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 23209806 DOI: 10.1371/journal] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are currently the therapeutic choices in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), however, with limited remission and often serious side effects. Meanwhile complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is increasing, particularly herbal medicine. Boswellia serrata is a traditional Ayurvedic remedy with anti-inflammatory properties, of interest for its usefulness in IBDs. The mechanism of this pharmacological potential of Boswellia serrata was investigated in colonic epithelial cell monolayers exposed to H2O2 or INF-γ+TNF-α, chosen as in vitro experimental model of intestinal inflammation. The barrier function was evaluated by the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and paracellular permeability assay, and by the tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, ZO-1 and occludin) immunofluorescence. The expression of phosphorylated NF-κB and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined by immunoblot and cytofluorimetric assay, respectively. Boswellia serrata oleo-gum extract (BSE) and its pure derivative acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), were tested at 0.1-10 μg/ml and 0.027 μg/ml, respectively. BSE and AKBA safety was demonstrated by no alteration of intestinal cell viability and barrier function and integrity biomarkers. H2O2 or INF-γ+TNF-α treatment of Caco-2 cell monolayers significantly reduced TEER, increased paracellular permeability and caused the disassembly of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1. BSE and AKBA pretreatment significantly prevented functional and morphological alterations and also the NF-κB phosphorylation induced by the inflammatory stimuli. At the same concentrations BSE and AKBA counteracted the increase of ROS caused by H2O2 exposure. Data showed the positive correlation of the antioxidant activity with the mechanism involved in the physiologic maintenance of the integrity and function of the intestinal epithelium. This study elucidates the pharmacological mechanisms mediated by BSE, in protecting intestinal epithelial barrier from inflammatory damage and supports its use as safe adjuvant in patients affected by IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Catanzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Serena Rancan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ignazio Castagliuolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Caparrotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
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21
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Phaniendra A, Jestadi DB, Periyasamy L. Free radicals: properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 30:11-26. [PMID: 25646037 PMCID: PMC4310837 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-014-0446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1249] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals and other oxidants have gained importance in the field of biology due to their central role in various physiological conditions as well as their implication in a diverse range of diseases. The free radicals, both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are derived from both endogenous sources (mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, phagocytic cells etc.) and exogenous sources (pollution, alcohol, tobacco smoke, heavy metals, transition metals, industrial solvents, pesticides, certain drugs like halothane, paracetamol, and radiation). Free radicals can adversely affect various important classes of biological molecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, thereby altering the normal redox status leading to increased oxidative stress. The free radicals induced oxidative stress has been reported to be involved in several diseased conditions such as diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson's disease-PD, Alzheimer's disease-AD and Multiple sclerosis-MS), cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis and hypertension), respiratory diseases (asthma), cataract development, rheumatoid arthritis and in various cancers (colorectal, prostate, breast, lung, bladder cancers). This review deals with chemistry, formation and sources, and molecular targets of free radicals and it provides a brief overview on the pathogenesis of various diseased conditions caused by ROS/RNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alugoju Phaniendra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014 India
| | - Dinesh Babu Jestadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014 India
| | - Latha Periyasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014 India
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22
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El-Shitany NA, El-Bastawissy EA, El-desoky K. Ellagic acid protects against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B, inducible cyclooxygenase and proinflammatory cytokines and enhancement of interleukin-10 via an antioxidant mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:290-9. [PMID: 24534771 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are several hypotheses that explain the process of acute inflammation, including free radical overproduction, pro-inflammatory enzyme activation, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the protective role of ellagic acid against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation was assessed. In addition, the immunomodulatory action, the antioxidant effects, and the role of COX-2 and NF-κB were also investigated. Inflammation was induced by the injection of 100 μl of 1.5% carrageenan solution. Ellagic acid (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), meloxicam (4 mg/kg), and saline, were injected 2h before carrageenan injection. The percentage inhibition in the paw weight was calculated. Paws, MDA, NO, GSH, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and NF-κB mRNA expression were estimated. Formalin fixed hind paws were used for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining for COX-2 expression. Ellagic acid, meloxicam and indomethacin reduced paws, edema, MDA and NO formation. In addition, all of them restored the depleted GSH contents in the paws. Ellagic acid, meloxicam and indomethacin reduced NF-κB mRNA expression. Ellagic acid ameliorated COX-2 expression; meloxicam inhibited while indomethacin failed. Both ellagic acid and meloxicam increased IL-10 while indomethacin did not. The docking study revealed a high affinity of ellagic acid towards COX-2. Ellagic acid exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenan-induced inflammation. The mechanisms of ellagic acid induced protection were proved to be due to reduction of NO, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2 and NF-κB expression and induction of GSH and IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla A El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Eman A El-Bastawissy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Karema El-desoky
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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23
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Chiang FF, Wang HM, Lan YC, Yang MH, Huang SC, Huang YC. High homocysteine is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer independently of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacities. Clin Nutr 2013; 33:1054-60. [PMID: 24280101 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increased homocysteine concentration and oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacities are thought to affect carcinogenesis. However, the associations of homocysteine, cysteine, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and folate with oxidative stress and antioxidant capacities in patients with colorectal cancer are unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations of homocysteine, cysteine, PLP and folate with oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant capacities, and to further analyze their relationships with respect to risk for colorectal cancer. METHODS One hundred and sixty-eight subjects with colorectal cancer (cases) and 188 healthy subjects (controls) were recruited. RESULTS There were no significant associations of homocysteine, cysteine and folate with oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant capacities in cases; however, PLP positively correlated with glutathione S-transferase activities after adjusting for potential confounders in cases. Subjects with higher plasma homocysteine concentration exhibited significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer with or without adjustment for potential confounders. The associations of cysteine, PLP and folate with the risk of colorectal cancer were not observed when potential confounders were adjusted. CONCLUSIONS Increased homocysteine was strongly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer independently of oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant capacities. However, cysteine, PLP and folate were not found to be related to oxidative stress, antioxidant capacities and the risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Fan Chiang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Ming Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiu Yang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chien Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Huang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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24
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Li YI, Hung JS, Yu TY, Liou JM, Wei JN, Kao HL, Chuang LM, Shun CT, Lee PH, Lai HS, Su CY, Li HY, Liang JT. Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 predicts all-cause mortality and cancer-related mortality in subjects with colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 428:51-6. [PMID: 24211727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation and catalyzes the breakdown of amines to produce aldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia. Serum VAP-1 can predict cancer mortality, including colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, in type 2 diabetic subjects. However, it remains unknown if serum VAP-1 can predict mortality in CRC patients. This prospective cohort study investigates if serum VAP-1 is a novel biomarker for mortality prediction in CRC. METHODS We enrolled 300 CRC patients. Preoperative serum VAP-1 was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. They were followed until September 2009 or death, which was ascertained by the National Death Registration System. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 4.7 years. Compared with normal counterpart, VAP-1 immunoactivity was upregulated in CRC tissues, especially at the invasion front. Serum VAP-1 can independently predict all-cause mortality (HR: 1.0026, 95% CI: 1.0003-1.0050, P<0.05) and cancer-related mortality (HR: 1.0026, 95% CI: 1.0001-1.0050, P<0.05). A risk score composed of age, gender, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) >5 ng/ml, tumor grading, tumor staging, and serum VAP-1 could stratify CRC patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk subgroups, with a 5-year mortality rate of 10%, 34%, and 78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum VAP-1 predicts mortality independently and improves risk stratification in CRC subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-I Li
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Shiang Hung
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ya Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nan Wei
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiee Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yin Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Tung Liang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Kang KA, Kim KC, Bae SC, Hyun JW. Oxidative stress induces proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting RUNX3 and activating the Akt signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1511-6. [PMID: 24042352 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the tumor suppressor Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is silenced in colorectal cancer cells via oxidative stress-induced hypermethylation of its promoter. The resulting downregulation of RUNX3 expression influences cell proliferation. Activation of the Akt signaling pathway is also associated with cell survival and proliferation; however, the effects of oxidative stress on the relationship between RUNX3 and Akt signaling are largely unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms involved in cell proliferation caused by oxidative stress-induced silencing of RUNX3. The levels of RUNX3 mRNA and protein were downregulated in response to treatment of the human colorectal cancer cell line SNU-407 with H2O2. Treatment of the cells with H2O2 also upregulated Akt mRNA and protein expression, and inhibited the binding of RUNX3 to the Akt promoter. The inverse correlation between the expression levels of RUNX3 and Akt in H2O2-treated cells was also associated with nuclear translocation of β-catenin and upregulation of cyclin D1 expression, which induced cell proliferation. H2O2 treatment also increased the binding of β-catenin to the cyclin D1 promoter. The results presented here demonstrate that reactive oxygen species silence the tumor suppressor RUNX3, enhance the Akt-mediated signaling pathway, and promote the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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26
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Oxidative stress causes epigenetic alteration of CDX1 expression in colorectal cancer cells. Gene 2013; 524:214-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Balci H, Genc H, Papila C, Can G, Papila B, Yanardag H, Uzun H. Serum lipid hydroperoxide levels and paraoxonase activity in patients with lung, breast, and colorectal cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2012; 26:155-60. [PMID: 22628230 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this article are to investigate the serum lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) activity in patients with lung, breast, and colorectal cancer. DESIGN AND METHODS Serum PON1 and ARE activities and LOOH levels were measured in 110 patients with cancer and same number of age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS Serum LOOH levels were found to be increased while serum PON1 and ARE activities were found to be decreased in patients compared to controls. PON1 activity was found to be lower in patients with breast cancer than in patients with lung and colorectal cancer. There were positive correlations between the serum PON1 and ARE activities in patients with colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION We concluded that decreased PON1 and ARE activities and increased LOOH levels might have a connection to carcinogenesis. PON1 activity is decreased in all patients but it does not seem to be related to metastase status except for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Balci
- Central Research Laboratory, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Turkey
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Paszti-Gere E, Csibrik-Nemeth E, Szeker K, Csizinszky R, Jakab C, Galfi P. Acute oxidative stress affects IL-8 and TNF-α expression in IPEC-J2 porcine epithelial cells. Inflammation 2012; 35:994-1004. [PMID: 22083491 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are implicated in cell and tissue damage in a number of diseases including acute and chronic inflammation of the gut. Effects of H(2)O(2) exposure on non-carcinogenic porcine epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2 cells cultured on collagen-coated membrane inserts were monitored based on transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) change, extent of necrotic cell damage, gene expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α. Furthermore, the junction proteins claudin-1 and E-cadherin were also investigated by immunohistochemistry. Peroxide (1mM) increased IL-8 and TNF-α gene expression levels significantly allowing 1 h recovery time without affecting the cellular distribution of junction proteins, TER and cell survival rate. In conclusion, the IPEC-J2 cell line on membrane insert was introduced as a fast and reliable investigation tool for oxidative stimuli-triggered intestinal inflammation and in the future as a screening method for antioxidant and probiotic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsebet Paszti-Gere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University, Budapest, István u. 2 1078, Hungary.
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Epigenetic changes induced by oxidative stress in colorectal cancer cells: methylation of tumor suppressor RUNX3. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:403-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Maffei F, Angeloni C, Malaguti M, Moraga JMZ, Pasqui F, Poli C, Colecchia A, Festi D, Hrelia P, Hrelia S. Plasma antioxidant enzymes and clastogenic factors as possible biomarkers of colorectal cancer risk. Mutat Res 2011; 714:88-92. [PMID: 21777595 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal (CR) cancer. This study investigated the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in plasma of 82 participants of a screening program for CR cancer prevention (30 females and 52 males; age 50-70 years). All subjects resulted positive to fecal occult blood test and were subsequently classified, according to the colonoscopy and histological findings, in patients with CR cancer, patients with colorectal polyps or controls. Furthermore, the activity of clastogenic factors (CFs) in plasma from study population was measured as the ability of inducing micronuclei (MN) in vitro in peripheral of a healthy donor. CAT and GR activities were significantly lower in CR cancer patients compared to controls (P<0.05) and polyps groups (P<0.05). SOD activity was significantly higher in patients with CR cancer than in polyp (P<0.05) and control (P<0.05) groups. GST activity was not significantly different in plasma of the three groups. An increase of CFs induction was observed in plasma of CR cancer patients (MN: 8.89±3.42) with respect to control (MN: 6.37±0.96 P<0.05). These results can contribute to define plasma biomarkers associated to oxidative stress damage that could predictive of CR cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maffei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Baffoni L, Gaggìa F, Di Gioia D, Biavati B. Role of intestinal microbiota in colon cancer prevention. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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32
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Mastronicola D, Giuffrè A, Testa F, Mura A, Forte E, Bordi E, Pucillo LP, Fiori PL, Sarti P. Giardia intestinalis escapes oxidative stress by colonizing the small intestine: A molecular hypothesis. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:21-5. [PMID: 21280173 DOI: 10.1002/iub.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is the microaerophilic protozoon causing giardiasis, a common infectious intestinal disease. Giardia possesses an O(2) -scavenging activity likely essential for survival in the host. We report that Giardia trophozoites express the O(2) -detoxifying flavodiiron protein (FDP), detected by immunoblotting, and are able to reduce O(2) to H(2) O rapidly (∼3 μM O(2) × min × 10(6) cells at 37 °C) and with high affinity (C(50) = 3.4 ± 0.7 μM O(2)). Following a short-term (minutes) exposure to H(2) O(2) ≥ 100 μM, the O(2) consumption by the parasites is irreversibly impaired, and the FDP undergoes a degradation, prevented by the proteasome-inhibitor MG132. Instead, H(2) O(2) does not cause degradation or inactivation of the isolated FDP. On the basis of the elevated susceptibility of Giardia to oxidative stress, we hypothesize that the parasite preferentially colonizes the small intestine since, compared with colon, it is characterized by a greater capacity for redox buffering and a lower propensity to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mastronicola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Lee IK, Kang KA, Lim CM, Kim KC, Kim HS, Kim DH, Kim BJ, Chang WY, Choi JH, Hyun JW. Compound K, a metabolite of ginseng saponin, induces mitochondria-dependent and caspase-dependent apoptosis via the generation of reactive oxygen species in human colon cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4916-31. [PMID: 21614182 PMCID: PMC3100836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11124916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanism of Compound K, with respect to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial involved apoptosis, in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Compound K exhibited a concentration of 50% growth inhibition (IC50) at 20 μg/mL and cytotoxicity in a time dependent manner. Compound K produced intracellular ROS in a time dependent fashion; however, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment resulted in the inhibition of this effect and the recovery of cell viability. Compound K induced a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway via the modulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expressions, resulting in the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Loss of the Δψm was followed by cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, resulting in the activation of caspase-9, -3, and concomitant poly ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARP) cleavage, which are the indicators of caspase-dependent apoptosis. The apoptotic effect of Compound K, exerted via the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), was abrogated by specific MAPK inhibitors. This study demonstrated that Compound K-mediated generation of ROS led to apoptosis through the modulation of a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway and MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kyung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; E-Mails: (I.K.L.); (B.J.K.)
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (K.A.K.); (C.M.L.); (K.C.K.); (W.Y.C.)
| | - Chae Moon Lim
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (K.A.K.); (C.M.L.); (K.C.K.); (W.Y.C.)
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (K.A.K.); (C.M.L.); (K.C.K.); (W.Y.C.)
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 110-783, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Bum Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; E-Mails: (I.K.L.); (B.J.K.)
| | - Weon Young Chang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (K.A.K.); (C.M.L.); (K.C.K.); (W.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Hyuck Choi
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (K.A.K.); (C.M.L.); (K.C.K.); (W.Y.C.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (J.H.C.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3838; Fax: +82-64-702-2687
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (K.A.K.); (C.M.L.); (K.C.K.); (W.Y.C.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (J.H.C.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3838; Fax: +82-64-702-2687
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Ginsburg I, Kohen R, Koren E. Microbial and host cells acquire enhanced oxidant-scavenging abilities by binding polyphenols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 506:12-23. [PMID: 21081104 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dilemma whether supplementations of dietary antioxidants might prevent the adverse consequences of oxidative stress, the inadequacy of the analytical methods employed to quantify oxidant scavenging ability (OSA) levels in whole blood and the distribution and fate of polyphenols and their metabolites in various body compartments following oral consumption are discussed. While none-metabolized polyphenols might exert their antioxidant effects mainly in the oral cavity, metabolized polyphenols might be beneficial in the gastrointestinal tract to counteract the toxicity of oxidants and also of the sequelae of inflammatory processes. Although only micromolar amounts of polyphenols and their metabolites eventually reach the blood circulation, these may nevertheless still be highly effective as scavengers of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species because of their ability to synergize with plasma low molecular-weight antioxidants and with albumin. Polyphenols can avidly bind to surfaces of microorganisms and of blood cells to markedly enhance their OSA, therefore the routine quantifications of antioxidant levels conducted in clinical settings should always use catalase-rich whole blood but not as customary, plasma alone. In addition to their antioxidant and metal chelating properties, polyphenols may also act as signaling agents capable of affecting metabolic, inflammatory, autoimmune, carcinogenic and aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ginsburg
- The Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute for Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Center, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Ma Y, Xiong YL, Zhai J, Zhu H, Dziubla T. Fractionation and evaluation of radical-scavenging peptides from in vitro digests of buckwheat protein. Food Chem 2010; 118:582-588. [PMID: 20352082 PMCID: PMC2844091 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Buckwheat protein (BWP) isolate was subjected to a two-stage in vitro digestion (1 h pepsin followed by 2 h pancreatin at 37 °C). The antioxidant potential of the BWP digests was compared by assessing their capacity to scavenge 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiszoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS(+•)) and hydroxyl ((•)OH) radicals. The 2-h pancreatin digest, which demonstrated the strongest activity against both radicals, was subjected to Sephadex G-25 gel filtration. Of the six fractions collected, fractions IV (456 Da) and VI (362 Da) showed the highest ABTS(+•) scavenging activity and were 23-27% superior to mixed BWP digest (P < 0.05). Fraction VI was most effective in neutralizing (•)OH and was 86 and 24% more efficient (P < 0.05) than mixed BWP digest and fraction IV, respectively. LC-MS/MS identified Trp-Pro-Leu, Val-Pro-Trp, and Val-Phe-Pro-Trp (IV), Pro-Trp (V) and tryptophan (VI) to be the prominant peptides/amino acid in these fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Youling L. Xiong
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Thomas Dziubla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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El-Shitany NA, El-Masry SA, El-Ghareib MA, El-Desoky K. Thioctic acid protects against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats by reduction in oxidative stress, downregulation of COX-2 mRNA and enhancement of IL-10 mRNA. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2010; 24:91-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yeh CC, Lai CY, Hsieh LL, Tang R, Wu FY, Sung FC. Protein carbonyl levels, glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:228-233. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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38
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Chen Y, Hagerman AE. Reaction pH and protein affect the oxidation products of β-pentagalloyl glucose. Free Radic Res 2009; 39:117-24. [PMID: 15763959 DOI: 10.1080/10715760400013789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the biochemical consequences when polymeric polyphenols serve as biological antioxidants, we studied how reaction pH (pH 2.1-7.4) and protein affected the oxidation of pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) by NaIO4 in aqueous solution. PGG oxidation produced an o-semiquinone radical intermediate, which tended to form polymeric products at pH values below 5, and o-quinones at higher pH. The model protein bovine serum albumin promoted the formation of quinone even at low pH. Two other polyphenols, procyanidin (epicatechin16-(4-->8)-catechin) and epigallocatechin gallate, had similar pH-dependent oxidation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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39
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Efficacy of DL-α lipoic acid against systemic inflammation-induced mice: antioxidant defense system. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 313:113-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Baca B, Aytac E, Apaydin BB, Onur E, Kilic IE, Erdamar S, Uslu E, Uzun H, Koksal S. Mechanical bowel preparation with different solutions in rats with selective left colonic ischemia and reperfusion injury. Am J Surg 2008; 196:418-24. [PMID: 18353271 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) on colonic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Seventy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 7 equal groups of 10 rats each. Groups were assigned as follows: group I = sham surgery; group II = I/R of left colon (control group); group III = intravenous heparin and metronidazole followed by I/R of the left colon; groups IV through VII = before I/R of the left colon, heparin and metronidazole and MBP were performed with sodium chloride (NaCl), Na phosphate, polyethylene glycol, and mannitol, respectively. Histopathologic and biochemical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS According to the histopathologic changes, the groups least affected by I/R injury were groups V and VII. Catalase activity was significantly higher in groups V and VII, and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in group VII compared with the control group (P <.002). CONCLUSIONS MBP with sodium phosphate and mannitol appears to be more protective against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgi Baca
- Department of Surgery, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
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41
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Rainis T, Maor I, Lanir A, Shnizer S, Lavy A. Enhanced oxidative stress and leucocyte activation in neoplastic tissues of the colon. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:526-30. [PMID: 17195121 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Excess of intracellular reactive oxygen species results in an environment that may modulate gene expression, or damage cellular molecules. These events are assumed to contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. In the present study, we measured the extent of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative status in colonic tumors and normal colonic mucosa obtained from 25 patients with colorectal carcinoma. Levels of lipid peroxides (PD) and of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly increased, by 54 and 59%, respectively, in tissue specimens obtained from the colonic tumor as compared with normal colonic mucosa (PD, 2.78+/-0.31 versus 1.81+/-0.29 nmol/mg tissue, TBARS, 0.86+/-0.1 versus 0.54+/-0.08 nmol/mg tissue). Activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also higher (by 67 and 29%, respectively) than in normal mucosa, probably in response to the increased free radical stress occurring in cancerous tissues. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are markers of activated leukocytes and are related to the production of oxygen free radicals by these cells. Their activities were significantly elevated in the neoplastic tissue as compared to the normal tissue (MPO, 7.4+/-1.5 versus 4.1+/-0.95 U/mg tissue, ADA, 4.17+/-0.65 versus 2.99+/-0.80 U/g tissue), suggesting a possible involvement of activated leukocytes in the enhanced oxidative stress in the cancerous tissue. Our results demonstrate an enhanced oxidative stress in the neoplastic tissue. Leukocyte activation was also higher in the carcinogenic tissue, indicating a possible contribution of these cells to a further oxidative stress-derived tissue injury. These observations add to previous studies and may encourage therapeutic trials with antioxidants as a means of preventing colorectal cancer and preventing further tissue injury in the neoplastic tissue and its surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tova Rainis
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Gastroenterology Unit, Haifa, Israel.
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Hagar HH, El-Medany A, El-Eter E, Arafa M. Ameliorative effect of pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 554:69-77. [PMID: 17112501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronically recurrent inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin. The present study examined the effect of NF-kappaB inhibitor and antioxidant, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 6 animals; normal control group, acetic acid group, PDTC-treated group and sulfasalazine-treated group as a positive control group. Induction of colitis by intracolonic administration of 3% acetic acid produced severe macroscopic inflammation in the colon 24 h after acetic acid administration as assessed by the colonic damage score. Microscopically, colonic tissues showed ulceration, oedema and inflammatory cells infiltration. Biochemical studies revealed increased serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and nitrite/nitrate and colonic concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the neutrophil infiltration index, myeloperoxidase (MPO). Oxidative stress was indicated by elevated lipid peroxides formation and depleted reduced glutathione concentrations (GSH) in colonic tissues. Immunohistochemical studies of colonic sections revealed upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Pretreatment with PDTC at a dose of (200 mg/kg/day, i.p.), three days before induction of colitis decreased serum LDH, nitrite/nitrate and TNF-alpha levels, colonic concentrations of MPO and lipid peroxides while increased colonic GSH concentration. Moreover, PDTC pretreatment attenuated colonic iNOS expression. Finally, histopathological changes were nearly restored by PDTC pretreatment. The findings of the present study provide evidence that PDTC may be beneficial in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Hagar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Reyes BMR, Danese S, Sans M, Fiocchi C, Levine AD. Redox equilibrium in mucosal T cells tunes the intestinal TCR signaling threshold. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:2158-66. [PMID: 16081782 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immune tolerance in the healthy intestine is typified by lamina propria T cell (LPT) functional hyporesponsiveness after TCR engagement when compared with peripheral blood T cell (PBT). When LPT from an inflamed intestine are activated through TCR cross-linking, their responsiveness is stronger. LPT are thus capable of switching from a tolerant to a reactive state, toggling between high and low thresholds of activation. We demonstrate that in normal LPT global tyrosine phosphorylation upon TCR cross-linking or an increase in intracellular H2O2, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, is muted. Thus, we propose that LPT have a greater reducing capacity than PBT, shifting the balance between kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases in favor of the latter. Surface gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an indirect indicator of redox potential, and glutathione are significantly elevated in LPT compared with PBT, suggesting that elevated glutathione detoxifies TCR-induced reactive oxygen species. When glutathione is depleted, TCR-induced LPT tyrosine phosphorylation rises to PBT levels. Conversely, increasing glutathione in PBT attenuates tyrosine phosphorylation. In LPT isolated from inflamed mucosa, TCR cross-linking induces greater phosphorylation, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels are reduced compared with those from autologous noninflamed tissue. We conclude that the high TCR signaling threshold of mucosal T cells is tuned by intracellular redox equilibrium, whose dysregulation may mediate intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda M Rivera Reyes
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Minami T, Adachi M, Kawamura R, Zhang Y, Shinomura Y, Imai K. Sulindac enhances the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib-mediated oxidative stress and anticancer activity. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:5248-56. [PMID: 16033843 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug sulindac is a promising chemopreventive agent against colon cancer. Here, we address whether sulindac enhances the anticancer effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341) in colon cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The synergistic effects of sulindac with bortezomib were evaluated by cell death, colony formation assay, DNA fragmentation, and tumor progression of DLD-1 xenografts. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was detected using carboxy-H2DCFDA or dihydroethidium. Oxidative stress was evaluated by heme oxygenase-1 induction and stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and c-Jun-NH2-kinase phosphorylation. Oxidative DNA damage was evaluated by histone H2AX phosphorylation and accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. RESULTS Sulindac and its metabolites enhanced the anticancer effects of bortezomib in DLD-1 and BM314 colon cancer cells. Sulindac induced ROS generation and enhanced bortezomib-mediated oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage. Their combined effects were highly sensitive to free radical scavengers L-N-acetylcysteine and alpha-tocopherol, but were much less sensitive to a p38 inhibitor SB203580. CONCLUSION Sulindac synergistically augments the anticancer effects of bortezomib primarily through cooperative ROS generation and oxidative DNA damage, thereby representing a novel combination therapy against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takae Minami
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Szanto I, Rubbia-Brandt L, Kiss P, Steger K, Banfi B, Kovari E, Herrmann F, Hadengue A, Krause KH. Expression of NOX1, a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, in colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. J Pathol 2005; 207:164-76. [PMID: 16086438 DOI: 10.1002/path.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are at the centre of many physiological and pathological processes. NOX1, a ROS-producing NADPH oxidase, is highly expressed in the colon but its function in colonic physiology or pathology is still poorly understood. It has been suggested to play a role in host defence, but also in cell growth and possibly malignant transformation. In this study we characterized NOX1 expression in human colon samples derived from healthy control subjects and patients with colon cancer or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). NOX1 mRNA expression was assessed by dot-blot hybridization, real-time PCR and in situ hybridization, using samples derived from surgical specimens from patients undergoing colon resection. In normal tissues, NOX1 expression was low in the ileum, intermediate in the right colon, and high in the left colon (p = 0.0056 right vs. left colon). NOX1 mRNA levels were not influenced by factors linked to colon tumourigenesis, such as age or sex. Moreover, there was no statistical difference in NOX1 expression between samples derived from adenomas, well differentiated or poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinomas. At a cellular level, NOX1 was highly expressed in colon epithelial cells, both within the crypts and on the luminal surface. In addition, a population of lymphocytes, particularly in the appendix, showed NOX1 expression. Lymphocytes in lesions of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were also strongly positive for NOX1. In conclusion, NOX1 is an enzyme that is constitutively expressed in colon epithelium and is not associated with tumourigenesis. Its distribution in crypts and on the luminal surface, as well as its left-to-right gradient in the colon, suggests a role in host defence function. In addition to the known epithelial localization, we define lymphocytes as a novel site of NOX1 expression, where it may potentially be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Szanto
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ligumsky M, Klar A, Siguencia J, Arnon R, Gati I, Kohen R. Changes in reducing power profile of gastric juice in patients with active duodenal ulcer. Biomed Pharmacother 2005; 59:345-50. [PMID: 16095868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have been postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of mucosal GI injury and in peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) group plays an important role in the defense mechanism of the GI tract against oxidative damage, and is a major component of the reducing capacity of biological tissues and fluids. We hypothesized that altered gastric LMWA anti oxidative status might play a role in the pathogenesis of upper GI disorders such as PUD and could be evaluated by measuring gastric juice reducing power. The aim of the present study was to determine, by cyclic voltammetry, changes in the overall antioxidant activity of the gastric juice in active duodenal ulcer (DU) obtained during upper endoscopy from patients as compared with normal subjects. The results show that in 28/37 (76%) of the control subjects, gastric juice demonstrated a reducing power of at least two anodic waves indicating at least two different LMWA groups. Three or more anodic waves were recorded in 12 normal subject (32%). In contrast, 16/25 (64%) of gastric juice samples obtained from active DU patients exhibited only one anodic wave usually at a high potential (>900 mV). These results imply that gastric juice normally possesses a reducing power profile that can be determined by cyclic voltammetry. This profile is significantly changed in untreated DU disease. These changes in active DU may indicate decreased gastric antioxidant activity reflecting reduced mucosal protection that leading to increased susceptibility of the gastro-duodenum to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Ligumsky
- Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Cevík H, Erkanli G, Ercan F, Işman CA, Yeğen BC. Exposure to continuous darkness ameliorates gastric and colonic inflammation in the rat: both receptor and non-receptor-mediated processes. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 20:294-303. [PMID: 15683435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Melatonin is a hormone involved in the transduction of photoperiodic information, and appears to modulate a variety of neural and endocrine functions. The present study was designed to determine the impact of continuous darkness (CD) on acute gastric and colonic inflammation and the involvement of melatonin receptors in the darkness-related alterations in oxidant gut injury. METHODS Rats were housed either in CD or in standardized light/dark (12/12 h) cycles for 15 days before the induction of colitis or gastric ulcer. Luzindole (MT(2) receptor antagonist) was given at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg intraperitoneally 30 min before and 6 and 18 h following the induction of colitis with acetic acid or gastric ulcer with ethanol. Rats were decapitated at 24 h, and the colons and stomachs were removed for macroscopic scoring, histologic assessment and for the determination of tissue malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. RESULTS All inflammation parameters were increased by acetic acid-induced colitis or ethanol-induced gastric ulcer compared with the control group. Our results indicate that the severity of both gastric and colonic injury is reduced by a 2-week exposure to CD prior to the induction of inflammatory event, while luzindole treatment reversed the protective effect of CD on the colonic and gastric injury. However, darkness-related alterations in malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were not altered by luzindole. CONCLUSION Although the CD-induced amelioration of gut injury involves melatonin receptors, the direct antioxidant effects on melatonin appear to be independent of receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Cevík
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
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Sanders LM, Henderson CE, Hong MY, Barhoumi R, Burghardt RC, Carroll RJ, Turner ND, Chapkin RS, Lupton JR. Pro-oxidant environment of the colon compared to the small intestine may contribute to greater cancer susceptibility. Cancer Lett 2004; 208:155-61. [PMID: 15142673 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Revised: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 12/02/2003] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The colon and small intestine have inherent differences (e.g. redox status) that may explain the variation in cancer occurrence at these two sites. This study examined basal and induced (oxidative challenge) reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative DNA damage. Basal ROS and antioxidant enzyme activities in the colon were greater than in the small intestine. During oxidative stress, 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) DNA adducts in the colon exceeded levels in the small intestine concomitant with increased ROS. Thus the colon responds to oxidative stress less effectively than the small intestine, possibly contributing to increased cancer incidence at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Sanders
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lódź, Lódź, Poland
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Kuralay F, Yildiz C, Ozutemiz O, Islekel H, Caliskan S, Bingol B, Ozkal S. Effects of trimetazidine on acetic acid-induced colitis in female Swiss rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2003; 66:169-179. [PMID: 12653021 DOI: 10.1080/15287390306402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Induction of colitis by acetic acid (AA) in the rat is widely used experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ulcerations. AA as an irritant induces colitis involving infiltration of colonic mucosa with neutrophils and increased production of inflammatory mediators, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). Trimetazidine (TMZ), an antianginal compound, was administered to investigate if its cytoprotective features in cardiac tissue are also effective in AA colitis where ischemic injury contributes to colitis. Administration of TMZ intraperitoneally improved the macroscopic and microscopic score alterations produced by AA. AA administration significantly elevated colonic MPO activity; however, treatment with TMZ significantly lowered this enzyme activity compared to AA. AA administration significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, except for AA + TMZ given rectally. TMZ treatment significantly lowered nitrate levels, but AA increased these levels. AA administration markedly lowered TNF-alpha levels, but TMZ treatment elevated these levels to control. These findings indicate that overproduction of NO may be involved in the immunosuppression observed during acute AA-induced rat colitis. In conclusion, TMZ treatment was more effective via the intraperitoneal than rectal route, and may be beneficial in therapy of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Kuralay
- Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
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