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Terzieva A, Alexandrova M, Manchorova D, Slavov S, Djerov L, Dimova T. HLA-G Expression/Secretion and T-Cell Cytotoxicity in Missed Abortion in Comparison to Normal Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2643. [PMID: 38473890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The main role of HLA-G is to protect the semi-allogeneic embryo from immune rejection by proper interaction with its cognate receptors on the maternal immune cells. Spontaneous abortion is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome, with an incidence rate between 10% and 15%, with immunologic dysregulation being thought to play a role in some of the cases. In this study, we aimed to detect the membrane and soluble HLA-G molecule at the maternal-fetal interface (MFI) and in the serum of women experiencing missed abortion (asymptomatic early pregnancy loss) in comparison to the women experiencing normal early pregnancy. In addition, the proportion of T cells and their cytotoxic profile was evaluated. We observed no difference in the spatial expression of HLA-G at the MFI and in its serum levels between the women with missed abortions and those with normal early pregnancy. In addition, comparable numbers of peripheral blood and decidual total T and γδT cells were found. In addition, as novel data we showed that missed abortion is not associated with altered extravilous invasion into uterine blood vessels and increased cytotoxicity of γδT cells. A strong signal for HLA-G on non-migrating extravilous trophoblast in the full-term normal placental bed was detected. In conclusion, HLA-G production at the MFI or in the blood of the women could not be used as a marker for normal pregnancy or missed abortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Terzieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marina Alexandrova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Manchorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sergei Slavov
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Medical University, University Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital "Maichin Dom", 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubomir Djerov
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Medical University, University Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital "Maichin Dom", 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Dimova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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2
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Pedini P, Hubert L, Carlini F, Baudey JB, Tous A, Jordier F, Basire A, Bagnis C, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Coiffard B, Chiaroni J, Silvy M, Picard C. Low Prevalence of HLA-G Antibodies in Lung Transplant Patients Detected using MAIPA-Adapted Protocol. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16479. [PMID: 38003669 PMCID: PMC10671704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation is often complicated by acute and/or chronic rejection leading to graft-function loss. In addition to the HLA donor-specific antibodies (HLA-DSA), a few autoantibodies are correlated with the occurrence of these complications. Recently, antibodies directed against non-classical HLA molecules, HLA-G, -E, and -F have been detected in autoimmune diseases, like systemic lupus erythematosus. Non-classical HLA molecules are crucial in the immunological acceptance of the lung graft, and some of their isoforms, like HLA-G*01:04 and -G*01:06, are associated with a negative clinical outcome. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of detection of HLA-G antibodies in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) and their impact on the occurrence of clinical complications. After incubating the cell lines SPI-801, with and without three different HLA-G isoform expression, with sera from 90 healthy blood donors and 35 LTRs (before and after transplantation), HLA-G reactivity was revealed using reagents from commercial monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigen assay (MAIPA ApDIA®). Only one serum from one blood donor had specific reactivity against the HLA-G transduced lines. Non-specific reactivity in many sera from LTRs was observed with transduced- and wild-type cell lines, which may suggest recognition of an autoantigen expressed by the SPI-801 cell line. In conclusion, this study allowed the development of a specific detection tool for non-denatured HLA-G antibodies. These antibodies seem uncommon, both in healthy subjects and in complicated LTRs. This study should be extended to patients suffering from autoimmune diseases as well as kidney and heart transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Pedini
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang, 13005 Marseille, France (C.P.)
- ADES UMR 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.T.)
| | - Lucas Hubert
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang, 13005 Marseille, France (C.P.)
| | | | - Jean Baptiste Baudey
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang, 13005 Marseille, France (C.P.)
| | - Audrey Tous
- ADES UMR 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.T.)
| | - Francois Jordier
- ADES UMR 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.T.)
| | - Agnès Basire
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang, 13005 Marseille, France (C.P.)
| | - Claude Bagnis
- ADES UMR 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.T.)
| | | | - Benjamin Coiffard
- Lung Transplant Department, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Chiaroni
- ADES UMR 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.T.)
| | - Monique Silvy
- ADES UMR 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.T.)
| | - Christophe Picard
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang, 13005 Marseille, France (C.P.)
- ADES UMR 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.T.)
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3
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Emadi E, Khoradmehr A, Shams A, Kalantar SM. Appropriate fixative for MEM-G/9 staining of cultured human HLA-G-positive JEG-3 trophoblast tumor cells. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:136-142. [PMID: 33910426 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1916837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA-G) participates in immunosuppression and is useful for prenatal diagnostics. Isolation of fetal cells positive for HLA-G by HLA-G antibody conjugated nanoparticles from the cervix of pregnant women is the basis for non-invasive prenatal testing. Endocervical specimens are fixed in transport medium before isolation using antibody conjugated nanoparticles. Staining of HLA-G using MEM-G/9 antibody, however, is restricted to unfixed cells. We investigated the effect of several fixatives on the interaction of HLA-G with MEM-G/9 in the HLA-G-positive cell line, JEG-3. We investigated absolute methanol, 1:1 acetate buffer:methanol, Pap solution and paraformaldehyde. The effects of these fixatives were evaluated using immunofluorescence. We found no MEM-G/9 surface staining of methanol fixed cells. Approximately 40% of JEG-3 cells fixed with paraformaldehyde failed to stain. Nearly all cells were stained with MEM-G/9 following fixation with acetate buffer:methanol or Pap solution. Our findings indicate the importance of using an appropriate fixative for preserving HLA-G cell surface antigen for studies using the MEM-G/9 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Emadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Sciences Center Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Shams
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Kalantar
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Research & Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Attia JVD, Dessens CE, van de Water R, Houvast RD, Kuppen PJK, Krijgsman D. The Molecular and Functional Characteristics of HLA-G and the Interaction with Its Receptors: Where to Intervene for Cancer Immunotherapy? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228678. [PMID: 33213057 PMCID: PMC7698525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) mediates maternal-fetal immune tolerance. It is also considered an immune checkpoint in cancer since it may mediate immune evasion and thus promote tumor growth. HLA-G is, therefore, a potential target for immunotherapy. However, existing monoclonal antibodies directed against HLA-G lack sufficient specificity and are not suitable for immune checkpoint inhibition in a clinical setting. For this reason, it is essential that alternative approaches are explored to block the interaction between HLA-G and its receptors. In this review, we discuss the structure and peptide presentation of HLA-G, and its interaction with the receptors Ig-like transcript (ILT) 2, ILT4, and Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4 (KIR2DL4). Based on our findings, we propose three alternative strategies to block the interaction between HLA-G and its receptors in cancer immunotherapy: (1) prevention of HLA-G dimerization, (2) targeting the peptide-binding groove of HLA-G, and (3) targeting the HLA-G receptors. These strategies should be an important focus of future studies that aim to develop immune checkpoint inhibitors to block the interaction between HLA-G and its receptors for the treatment of cancer.
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Furukawa A, Meguro M, Yamazaki R, Watanabe H, Takahashi A, Kuroki K, Maenaka K. Evaluation of the Reactivity and Receptor Competition of HLA-G Isoforms toward Available Antibodies: Implications of Structural Characteristics of HLA-G Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235947. [PMID: 31779209 PMCID: PMC6928721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-G, which consists of seven splice variants, is a tolerogenic immune checkpoint molecule. It plays an important role in the protection of the fetus from the maternal immune response by binding to inhibitory receptors, including leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs). Recent studies have also revealed that HLA-G is involved in the progression of cancer cells and the protection from autoimmune diseases. In contrast to its well characterized isoform, HLA-G1, the binding activities of other major HLA-G isoforms, such as HLA-G2, toward available anti-HLA-G antibodies are only partially understood. Here, we investigate the binding specificities of anti-HLA-G antibodies by using surface plasmon resonance. MEM-G9 and G233 showed strong affinities to HLA-G1, with a nM range for their dissociation constants, but did not show affinities to HLA-G2. The disulfide-linker HLA-G1 dimer further exhibited significant avidity effects. On the other hand, 4H84 and MEM-G1, which can be used for the Western blotting of HLA-G isoforms, can bind to native HLA-G2, while MEM-G9 and G233 cannot. These results reveal that HLA-G2 has a partially intrinsically disordered structure. Furthermore, MEM-G1, but not 4H84, competes with the LILRB2 binding of HLA-G2. These results provide novel insight into the functional characterization of HLA-G isoforms and their detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (A.F.); (M.M.); (R.Y.); (H.W.); (A.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Manami Meguro
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (A.F.); (M.M.); (R.Y.); (H.W.); (A.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Rika Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (A.F.); (M.M.); (R.Y.); (H.W.); (A.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (A.F.); (M.M.); (R.Y.); (H.W.); (A.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Ami Takahashi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (A.F.); (M.M.); (R.Y.); (H.W.); (A.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Kimiko Kuroki
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (A.F.); (M.M.); (R.Y.); (H.W.); (A.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (A.F.); (M.M.); (R.Y.); (H.W.); (A.T.); (K.K.)
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-011-706-3970
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6
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Pelá FP, Rustiguel JK, Rodrigues LC, Mendonça JN, Andrade CDC, Lopes NP, Rosa JC, Nonato MC, Favier B, Donadi EA, Dias-Baruffi M. A soluble recombinant form of human leucocyte antigen-G 6 (srHLA-G6). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:28-33. [PMID: 28365155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human Leucocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule that through RNA splicing can encode seven isoforms which are membrane bound (-G1, -G2, -G3 and -G4) and soluble (-G5, -G6 and -G7). HLA-G is described as important immune suppressor endogenous molecule to favor maternal-fetal tolerance, transplant survival and tumor immune scape. HLA-G shows low protein variability and a unique structural complexity that is related with the expression of different isoforms followed by biochemical processes, such as, proteolytic cleavage, molecular interactions, and protein ubiquitination. Studies with HLA-G have shown difficult to assess the role of the individual isoforms. Thus, the aim of this work was to obtain a HLA-G6 recombinant form. The results indicated the production of high homogeneous preparations of soluble recombinant HLA-G6 (srHLA-G6) with molecular mass 23,603.76 Da, determined by MALD-TOF/TOF. In addition, native and denatured srHLA-G6 were detected by ELISA, using commercial monoclonal antibodies. Finally, we developed a suitable methodology to express srHLA-G6 that could contribute in structural and functional studies involving specific isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Porto Pelá
- Laboratório de Glicoimunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joane Kathelen Rustiguel
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cataldi Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Glicoimunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Nakau Mendonça
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camillo Del Cistia Andrade
- Laboratório de Glicoimunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa
- Centro de Química de Proteínas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, 14051-140, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Benoit Favier
- CEA/DRF/IDMIT-Université Paris Sud-INSERM U1184/IMVA, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Eduardo Antônio Donadi
- Divisão de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Laboratório de Glicoimunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Khorrami S, Rahimi R, Mohammadpour H, Bahrami S, Yari F, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. Association of HLA-G*01:01:02:01/G*01:04:01 polymorphism with gastric adenocarcinoma. Hum Immunol 2015; 77:153-7. [PMID: 26585776 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) plays an important role in tumor cell escape from immune surveillance and HLA-G polymorphisms might service as a potential risk factor for clinical outcomes in GAC (gastric adenocarcinoma). We investigated the association between HLA-G polymorphisms as well as soluble HLA-G level and accordance of GAC. This case-control study included 100 GAC patients and 102 unrelated Iranian individual's samples as control. The clinical stages ranged from I to IV. PCR-RFLP method was carried out in order to specify the genotypes of the HLA-G gene. Concentrations of sHLA-G in serum were determined with the sHLA-G-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The G*01:04:01 and G*01:01:02:01 alleles were the predominant alleles in GAC patients and healthy controls. The G*01:01:03:01 and G*01:01:08 allele distributions are significantly higher among controls comparing to cases and seem to have protective effect (P value=0.026 and 0.007 respectively). There is a substantial differences in G*01:01:02:01/G*01:04:01 genotype frequencies between cases and controls (OR=2.8, P value<0.001). The G*01:01:03:01/G*01:04:01 and G*01:01:02:01/G*01:01:08 genotypes frequency are higher among controls in comparison to patients (P value=0.028 and 0.007 respectively). The polymorphisms in HLA-G could affect GAC induction and its outcome. Also, increased sHLA-G levels in serum might be a useful biomarker for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Khorrami
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hemn Mohammadpour
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salahadin Bahrami
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Rasmussen M, Dahl M, Buus S, Djurisic S, Ohlsson J, Hviid TVF. Evaluation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurements of soluble HLA-G protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:206-15. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde) and Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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9
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Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a low polymorphic nonclassical HLA-I molecule restrictively expressed and with suppressive functions. HLA-G gene products are quite complex, with seven HLA-G isoforms, four membrane bound, and other three soluble isoforms that can suffer different posttranslational modifications or even complex formations. In addition, HLA-G has been described included in exosomes. In this review we will focus on HLA-G biochemistry with special emphasis to the mechanisms that regulate its expression and how the protein modifications affect the quantification in biological fluids.
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Kotze D, Kruger TF, Lombard C, Padayachee T, Keskintepe L, Sher G. The effect of the biochemical marker soluble human leukocyte antigen G on pregnancy outcome in assisted reproductive technology--a multicenter study. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1303-9. [PMID: 23993930 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the presence of soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G) affects implantation and pregnancy outcomes in vitro. DESIGN A multicenter retrospective study. SETTING Six certified in vitro fertilization (IVF) units. PATIENT(S) Embryos obtained from 2,040 patients from six different IVF clinics. INTERVENTION(S) Soluble HLA-G determination on day-2 embryos after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, with embryos transferred on day 3 using the sHLA-G data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Ongoing pregnancy rate (10- to 12-week ultrasound finding). RESULT(S) All embryos were individually cultured, and a chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the presence of sHLA-G in the culture medium surrounding the embryos. Embryos were selected based on a positive sHLA-G result and a graduated embryo scoring (GES) score >70, or on embryo morphology if the test was negative. In all centers, a positive sHLA-G result was associated with an increase in the odds of an ongoing pregnancy. The incidence of an ongoing pregnancy was 2.52 times greater in embryos transferred on day 3 with a positive sHLA-G test result than the incidence of an ongoing pregnancy in embryos with a negative sHLA-G test result. CONCLUSION(S) Data from this multicenter study confirm that sHLA-G expression is a valuable noninvasive embryo marker to assist in improving pregnancy outcomes, with the theoretical potential to reduce multiple pregnancies.
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11
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HLA-G5 in the blood of leukemia patients and healthy individuals. Leuk Res 2013; 37:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Zhao L, Teklemariam T, Hantash BM. Reassessment of HLA-G isoform specificity of MEM-G/9 and 4H84 monoclonal antibodies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 80:231-8. [PMID: 22738368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a non-classical HLA class I molecule thought to play a key role in maternal-fetal tolerance. Although initial studies suggested that HLA-G expression is restricted to extravillous cytotrophoblasts, expression was subsequently reported in a wide variety of other human tissues and tumor cells. However, consensus as to the validity of these collective findings has proven difficult because the antibodies used to define the temporal and spatial expression patterns of HLA-G remain incompletely characterized. The aim of our study was to reassess two of the most widely used HLA-G antibodies (MEM-G/9 and 4H84) in HLA-G-positive (JEG-3 and HLA-G transduced) and -negative (dermal fibroblast, mesenchymal stem cell, K562, and Jurkat) lines using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. We found that MEM-G/9 recognized HLA-G3 by flow cytometry, indicating that its epitope is present on the α1 domain of HLA-G. Although 4H84 preferably recognized unfolded HLA-G-free chains, it showed strong non-specificity under certain methodological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhao
- Escape Therapeutics, Inc., San Jose, CA 95138, USA
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13
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White SR, Loisel DA, McConville JF, Stern R, Tu Y, Marroquin BA, Noth I, Ober C. Levels of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G are increased in asthmatic airways. Eur Respir J 2010; 35:925-7. [PMID: 20356990 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00164809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Tabiasco J, Perrier d'Hauterive S, Thonon F, Parinaud J, Léandri R, Foidart JM, Chaouat G, Munaut C, Lombroso R, Selva J, Bergère M, Hammoud I, Kozma N, Aguerre-Girr M, Swales AKE, Sargent IL, Le Bouteiller P, Lédée N. Soluble HLA-G in IVF/ICSI embryo culture supernatants does not always predict implantation success: a multicentre study. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18:374-81. [PMID: 19298737 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have described an association between the presence of soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G) in human embryo culture supernatants (ES) and implantation success. However, not all studies agree with these findings. To further document this debate, a multicentre blinded study was performed to investigate, on a large number of IVF ES and ICSI ES, whether sHLA-G is a useful criterion for embryo selection before transfer. A total of 1405 ES from 355 patients were collected from three assisted reproductive technique (ART) centres and evaluated for their sHLA-G content in a single laboratory, using a chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In only one centre was a significant association between sHLA-G-positive ES and successful implantation established (P = 0.0379), whereas no such association was observed in the other centres. It was found that the percentages and concentrations of sHLA-G-positive ES varied between centres, depending on culture media and ART conditions. The percentage of sHLA-G-positive ES was significantly higher in IVF ES than ICSI ES (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 for two centres). These data demonstrate that substantial variations of sHLA-G content in ES occur between different ART centres, highlighting the influence of several technical parameters that differ from one centre to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tabiasco
- INSERM, U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, F-31300 France
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15
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Symposium: innovative techniques in human embryo viability assessment. Soluble human leukocyte antigen-G and pregnancy success. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 17:470-85. [PMID: 18854100 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive methods of assessing embryo quality are critical for pregnancy success following IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The addition of new non-invasive morphological and biochemical analyses may further improve pregnancy success, allowing the transfer of a single embryo, thereby reducing the risks involved in multiple births following IVF/ICSI. The presence of a protein, soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G), in embryo cultures has been suggested as a way to non-invasively predict embryo quality and pregnancy success, especially when used in conjunction with current embryo quality assessment methods. Detection of sHLA-G in embryo culture medium has been correlated with pregnancy success in 12 studies, but three studies were not able to detect sHLA-G. This is a review of the literature on sHLA-G detection in IVF/ICSI, and reasons are proposed for the reported discrepancies, as well as guidelines for reporting of data in future studies. Furthermore, it is suggested that the use of an HLA-G transgenic mouse model would advance understanding of the mechanism of action of sHLA-G in preimplantation embryos and its correlation to embryo health and viability. Research on a mouse model, combined with clinical studies, should enable the development of a fast and reliable method for utilizing sHLA-G detection to improve pregnancy success after IVF/ICSI.
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16
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Sargent I, Swales A, Ledee N, Kozma N, Tabiasco J, Le Bouteiller P. sHLA-G production by human IVF embryos: Can it be measured reliably? J Reprod Immunol 2007; 75:128-32. [PMID: 17482269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of reports have demonstrated that sHLA-G can be detected in the culture medium of human IVF embryos and that levels correlate with the potential of an embryo to implant. This has aroused considerable interest in the IVF field. If sHLA-G can be used as a non-invasive marker of embryo quality, it will facilitate selection of the best embryos to transfer to the mother and thereby increase IVF pregnancy rates. However, there have been concerns about some aspects of these studies, including the sensitivity of the sHLA-G ELISAs used, the IVF culture conditions and the levels of sHLA-G which have been reported. A recent study by Sageshima et al. [J. Reprod. Immunol. 75, 11-22, 2007] attempts to address some of these concerns. However, despite using a sensitive ELISA, they were unable to detect sHLA-G in 111 embryo culture supernatants, or sHLA-G secretion by less than 10,000 sHLA-G transfected cells. They concluded that it is not possible to measure sHLA-G production by human embryos. This study has highlighted technical differences between IVF culture techniques and sHLA-G ELISAs that are currently confounding the system. Further collaboration between the research groups involved is required to establish robust reproducible systems that function identically in all laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Sargent
- Oxford Fertility Unit, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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17
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Lin A, Yan WH, Xu HH, Gan MF, Cai JF, Zhu M, Zhou MY. HLA-G expression in human ovarian carcinoma counteracts NK cell function. Ann Oncol 2007; 18:1804-9. [PMID: 17846022 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is an important immunotolerant which could be a part of the strategies applied by malignant cells applied to avoid host immunosurveillance. Aberrant expression of HLA-G has been found in ovarian carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HLA-G expression in ovarian cancer tissues and to explore its function in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS HLA-G expression in 33 primary ovarian carcinoma tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry with the anti-HLA-G monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4H84. Furthermore, the function of HLA-G in NK cell cytotoxicity was determined in vitro by cloning and expression of HLA-G on the ovarian carcinoma cell OVCAR-3. RESULTS HLA-G expression was detected in 22/33 (66.7%) primary tumor tissues, but was absent in normal ovarian tissues (P<0.01). Cytotoxicity studies showed that HLA-G expression dramatically inhibits cell lyses by NK-92 cells (P<0.01), which could be restored by the anti-HLA-G conformational mAb 87G (P<0.01). CONCLUSION HLA-G was expressed in a significant number of primary ovarian carcinoma tissues, and HLA-G expression in OVCAR-3 could directly inhibit NK-92 cell lysis. Taken together, our results indicated that expression of HLA-G plays an important role in evasion of ovarian cancer cells from host immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lin
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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18
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Sageshima N, Shobu T, Awai K, Hashimoto H, Yamashita M, Takeda N, Odawara Y, Nakanishi M, Hatake K, Ishitani A. Soluble HLA-G is absent from human embryo cultures: a reassessment of sHLA-G detection methods. J Reprod Immunol 2007; 75:11-22. [PMID: 17485119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of patients receiving in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been increasing, though the rate of successful implantations has remained at 10-20%. A major goal of this procedure is to afford the ability to select embryos with the most potential for implantation and development. Previous studies claimed to have detected soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) protein in culture supernatant from 2 to 3-day embryos using ELISA methods, and concluded that sHLA-G protein levels were associated with successful implantation. This result, if substantiated could provide an important tool for IVF. In this study, we have re-examined these experiments by attempting to detect sHLA-G in the medium from 2 to 3-day embryos (84 samples) and 4 to 6-day embryos (25 samples) in which a part of blastocyst has started to differentiate into trophoblasts. Using a highly specific and sensitive ELISA, no sHLA-G protein was detectable in any sample, despite the fact that 27 of the 109 samples were from successfully implanted embryos. These results indicate that 2-6-day embryos do not secrete sHLA-G detectable by ELISA, and therefore that sHLA-G in culture medium is not a useful for successful implantation at this stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sageshima
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijocho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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19
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Mégret F, Prehaud C, Lafage M, Moreau P, Rouas-Freiss N, Carosella ED, Lafon M. Modulation of HLA-G and HLA-E expression in human neuronal cells after rabies virus or herpes virus simplex type 1 infections. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:294-302. [PMID: 17400066 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G and E are nonclassical human MHC class I molecules. They may promote tolerance leading to virus and tumor immune escape. We recently described that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic virus inducing chronic infection and neuron latency, and rabies virus (RABV), a neuronotropic virus triggering acute neuron infection, up-regulate HLA-G expression in human neurons (NT2-N). Surface expression was only detected after RABV infection. We investigated here whether RABV and HSV-1 up-regulate HLA-E expression in human neuronal precursors (Ntera-2D/1). We found that RABV, not HSV-1, up-regulates HLA-E expression, nevertheless HLA-E could not be detected on the surface of RABV-infected Ntera-2D/1. Altogether these data suggest that HLA-G and not HLA-E could contribute to the immune escape of RABV. In contrast, there was no evidence that these molecules are used by latent HSV-1 infection. Thus, neurotropic viruses that escape the host immune response totally (RABV) or partially (HSV-1) regulate HLA-G expression on human neuronal cells differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Mégret
- Laboratoire de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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20
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Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge on the significance of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) in the nervous system under physiologic and pathologic conditions. The central nervous system (CNS) has classically been viewed as an immune-privileged organ. Immune reactions triggered by, or directed against, CNS structures proceed along specific pathways. The expression and the functioning of the immune-tolerogenic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule HLA-G have revealed novel insights into the endogenous immune-regulatory mechanisms exerted by resident cells within the nervous system, as well as how migrating immune cells contribute to this under pathologic conditions. HLA-G has been evidenced in certain neurologic disorders, including those of autoimmune, infectious, and neoplastic origin. This review compiles the current state of knowledge: how HLA-G is considered to be operative at different levels of the respective pathogenetic cascades of neurologic disorders. These findings are relevant both from a pathogenetic as well as from a therapeutic viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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21
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Poehlmann TG, Schaumann A, Busch S, Fitzgerald JS, Aguerre-Girr M, Le Bouteiller P, Schleussner E, Markert UR. Inhibition of term decidual NK cell cytotoxicity by soluble HLA-G1. Am J Reprod Immunol 2006; 56:275-85. [PMID: 17076671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Soluble (s)HLA-G1 is produced by trophoblast cells. Aim was to analyze the capacities and mechanisms of sHLA-G1 to regulate interleukin (IL)-2-induced cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells from human deciduas. METHODS Natural killer cells were isolated from decidual layers of term placentae, stimulated or not with IL-2 and supplemented with various concentrations of recombinant soluble HLA-G1 (sHLA-G1). For NK cell cytotoxicity assays, K562 cells were used as targets. Expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and perforin was analyzed by Western blotting. Apoptosis was examined by assessment of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. NK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for IL-2receptor-alpha (IL-2R alpha; CD25) and transferrin receptor CD71 expression. RESULTS Interleukin-2 increases CD71, STAT3, perforin expression and cytotoxic potential of NK cells. Expression of CD71, STAT3 and perforin decreased simultaneously with cytotoxicity and dose-dependently when sHLA-G1 (1.6 micro g/mL-1.6 ng/mL) was added to IL-2 stimulated cultures. sHLA-G1 did not induce apoptosis and CD25 expression was not affected. CONCLUSION Interleukin-2R alpha expression is not controlled by sHLA-G1, but its signal transducer STAT3 as well as several downstream effects, such as perforin expression, proliferation and cytotoxicity. The control of STAT3 bioavailability through sHLA-G1 may be a key regulator of the mentioned effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G Poehlmann
- Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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22
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Abstract
HLA-G belongs to the non-classical HLA class-I family of genes presently designated as class-Ib genes. There are four membrane-bound (HLA-G1 to -G4) and three soluble forms (HLA-G5 to -G7) generated by alternative splicing of the primary transcript. HLA-G in the soluble form is found in the plasma, amniotic fluid, and cord blood of healthy individuals. Quantitative determination suggested that HLA-G levels are genetically controlled. While quantifying soluble HLA-G by ELISA, we observed that when plasma and serum levels were measured for the same individual, HLA-G plasma values were almost invariably higher than those from serum. Our results suggest that HLA-G is trapped and/or consumed during clot formation. The amount trapped within the clot is variable and inconsistent. To obtain values which reflect the true biological levels, it is therefore recommended that HLA-G should be determined in the plasma. If serum levels are determined, they should be compared with matched control sera. It should always be borne in mind that conclusions concerning sera levels might be erroneous, because the true plasma level of the protein can be significantly higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rudstein-Svetlicky
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, and Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv, Israel
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23
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Hviid TVF, Rizzo R, Melchiorri L, Stignani M, Baricordi OR. Polymorphism in the 5′ Upstream Regulatory and 3′ Untranslated Regions of the HLA-G Gene in Relation to Soluble HLA-G and IL-10 Expression. Hum Immunol 2006; 67:53-62. [PMID: 16698426 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ib gene HLA-G may be important for the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance between the mother and the semi-allogeneic fetus during pregnancy. Expression of HLA-G can influence cytokine and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. Different HLA-G mRNA isoform expression patterns have been associated with HLA-G polymorphism, especially with a 14-bp insertion deletion polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the HLA-G gene. A significantly high level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion is observed in homozygous +14/+14-bp HLA-G peripheral blood mononuclear cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. This study finds that polymorphism in the 5' upstream regulatory region (5'URR) of the HLA-G gene may also be implicated in differences in IL-10 secretion. However, this may also be due to linkage disequilibrium with the 14-bp polymorphism. A single-nucleotide polymorphism located -477 bp from the start site of exon 1 had a significant association with IL-10 concentrations but not after correction (p=0.011; pc=0.154). This polymorphism is located next to a heat shock element. Eighteen 5'-URR/3'-UTR HLA-G haplotypes were defined; one common homozygous genotype based on these haplotypes was significantly associated with a high IL-10 level after LPS stimulation compared to certain other genotypes. This study indicates that polymorphism in the 5'-URR of the HLA-G gene may have functional significance, although a new line of investigations is needed to elucidate these findings.
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24
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Lafon M, Prehaud C, Megret F, Lafage M, Mouillot G, Roa M, Moreau P, Rouas-Freiss N, Carosella ED. Modulation of HLA-G expression in human neural cells after neurotropic viral infections. J Virol 2005; 79:15226-37. [PMID: 16306594 PMCID: PMC1316015 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.24.15226-15237.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is a nonclassical human major histocompatibility complex class I molecule. It may promote tolerance, leading to acceptance of the semiallogeneic fetus and tumor immune escape. We show here that two viruses-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neuronotropic virus inducing acute infection and neuron latency; and rabies virus (RABV), a neuronotropic virus triggering acute neuron infection-upregulate the neuronal expression of several HLA-G isoforms, including HLA-G1 and HLA-G5, the two main biologically active isoforms. RABV induces mostly HLA-G1, and HSV-1 induces mostly HLA-G3 and HLA-G5. HLA-G expression is upregulated in infected cells and neighboring uninfected cells. Soluble mediators, such as beta interferon (IFN-beta) and IFN-gamma, upregulate HLA-G expression in uninfected cells. The membrane-bound HLA-G1 isoform was detected on the surface of cultured RABV-infected neurons but not on the surface of HSV-1-infected cells. Thus, neuronotropic viruses that escape the host immune response totally (RABV) or partially (HSV-1) regulate HLA-G expression on human neuronal cells differentially. HLA-G may therefore be involved in the escape of certain viruses from the immune response in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Lafon
- Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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25
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Hviid TVF. HLA-G in human reproduction: aspects of genetics, function and pregnancy complications. Hum Reprod Update 2005; 12:209-32. [PMID: 16280356 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmi048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ib genes, HLA-E, -G and -F, are located on chromosome 6 in the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). HLA class Ib antigens resemble the HLA class Ia antigens in many ways, but several major differences have been described. This review will, in particular, discuss HLA-G and its role in human reproduction and in the human MHC. HLA-G seems to be important in the modulation of the maternal immune system during pregnancy and thereby the maternal acceptance of the semiallogenic fetus. Recent findings regarding aspects of HLA-G polymorphism, the possible significance of this polymorphism in respect to HLA-G function and certain complications of pregnancy (such as pre-eclampsia and recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA)) are discussed together with possible importance to IVF. Finally, aspects of a possible role of HLA-G in organ transplantation and in inflammatory or autoimmune disease, and of HLA-G in an evolutionary context, are also briefly examined.
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26
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Juch H, Blaschitz A, Daxböck C, Rueckert C, Kofler K, Dohr G. A novel sandwich ELISA for alpha1 domain based detection of soluble HLA-G heavy chains. J Immunol Methods 2005; 307:96-106. [PMID: 16310801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2005.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Revised: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The detection of soluble human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) has been a technically demanding task for several years now and various enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) formats have been designed. However, no ELISA test has been described so far which is able to detect all possible kinds of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) molecules that might occur in bio fluids. Here we describe a new ELISA approach able to recognize soluble alpha1 domain containing heavy chains of all HLA-G isoforms. The detection limit is shown to be at about 150 pg soluble recombinant HLA-G1 heavy chain per milliliters. Detectable HLA-G fragments are shown to occur in the supernatants of different HLA-G transfected cell lines and appear to be particularly abundant in supernatant of trophoblast derived choriocarcinoma cell lines. The novel ELISA employs the well characterized HLA-G mAbs 4H84 and MEM-G1 which ensure high HLA-G specificity. A negative control ELISA format, designed against non-existing analytes, has been established to reveal non-specific signal interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Juch
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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27
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Sher G, Keskintepe L, Batzofin J, Fisch J, Acacio B, Ahlering P, Ginsburg M. Influence of early ICSI-derived embryo sHLA-G expression on pregnancy and implantation rates: a prospective study. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:1359-63. [PMID: 15746200 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported the retrospective observation that when at least one embryo, transferred on day 3, expressed sHLA-G above the geometric mean (sHLA-G+) 46 h post-ICSI, there was a marked improvement in both pregnancy (PR) and implantation (IR) rates. METHODS The media surrounding individual embryos derived from ICSI performed on oocytes from 482 women < or =43 years of age were tested for sHLA-G expression by specific ELISA. RESULTS We report here prospective results showing improved IVF results following the transfer of 'good quality' embryos (7-9 cells with <20% fragmentation) by preferentially including at least one sHLA-G+ embryos. PR and IR for women < or =38 years were 63% and 32% when one transferred embryo was sHLA-G+, and 69% and 36% when at least two embryos were sHLA-G+. When none of the embryos transferred was sHLA-G+, PR and IR were 25% and 13%, respectively. Comparable PR and IR for women 39-43 years were 29% and 11% when none of the transferred embryos were sHLA-G+; 38% and 15% when at least one sHLA-G+ embryo was transferred; and 61% and 26% when at least two 2 sHLA-G+ embryos were transferred. The data were stratified by patient age. CONCLUSIONS PR and IR increased with the addition of each sHLA-G+ embryo, regardless of age. While there are significant barriers to routine embryo sHLA-G testing, we believe that if implemented, this would provide a mechanism for optimizing IVF PR while minimizing the risk of multiple pregnancies.
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28
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Rizzo R, Hviid TVF, Stignani M, Balboni A, Grappa MT, Melchiorri L, Baricordi OR. The HLA-G genotype is associated with IL-10 levels in activated PBMCs. Immunogenetics 2005; 57:172-81. [PMID: 15900488 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-005-0788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is an MHC class Ib molecule that is expressed at the feto-maternal interface during pregnancy. However, recent results have also shown that it may have important functions as an immuno-modulatory factor in adult life. Differences in the pattern of alternative splicing and in the stability of HLA-G mRNA transcripts have been associated with HLA-G polymorphisms, especially a 14 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the HLA-G gene. We have investigated the secretion of HLA-G5/soluble HLA-G1 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBMCs) in relation to the HLA-G 14 bp genotype. No HLA-G5/sHLA-G1 could be detected in the non-activated control PBMC culture media, and there were no significant differences among the three HLA-G 14 bp genotypes regarding IL-10 concentrations. In LPS-activated PBMC cultures, no significant differences among the three HLA-G 14 bp genotypes regarding HLA-G5/sHLA-G1 concentrations were observed. However, this was in contrast to the IL-10 levels (P=0.0004, Kruskal-Wallis test). The +14/+14 bp PBMC samples expressed higher levels of IL-10 when compared to the -14/+14 bp genotype and the -14/-14 bp genotype. Interestingly, the IL-10 G/G polymorphism at position -1082 was more frequent in the +14/+14 bp genotype (P=0.024, chi2 test). These results support an autocrine loop between HLA-G5/sHLA-G1 and IL-10 expression in activated PBMCs, which may result in higher IL-10 levels in +14/+14 bp HLA-G genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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29
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Noci I, Fuzzi B, Rizzo R, Melchiorri L, Criscuoli L, Dabizzi S, Biagiotti R, Pellegrini S, Menicucci A, Baricordi OR. Embryonic soluble HLA-G as a marker of developmental potential in embryos. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:138-46. [PMID: 15498780 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human reproduction, embryo implantation is complex and poorly understood. At present, no single markers are used in routine treatment to assay biochemical functions of the human embryo. Soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) could be considered a possible marker of embryo developmental potential. It is localized primarily on the extravillous trophoblast, making this antigen a potential mediator of immune interaction at the maternal-fetal interface during gestation. METHODS Soluble-HLA-G levels were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing monoclonal antibody MEM-G9. It was evaluated in 318 media of single embryo cultures. We correlated the presence of sHLA-G with embryo morphology and the pregnancy obtained in that treatment cycle. RESULTS No correlation was found between embryo morphology and sHLA-G levels. Pregnancy was observed only when the medium of at least one transferred embryo contained sHLA-G. In 26 out of 66 patients, none of the obtained embryos showed any detectable sHLA-G molecules and no pregnancy occurred. CONCLUSIONS From our results, we propose sHLA-G as a potential marker of embryo development: the sHLA-G ELISA can be a useful biochemical assay in addition to embryo morphology in embryo selection for transfer in IVF treatment if there are other embryos with the same morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Noci
- Department of Gynaecology, Perinatal Medicine and Human Reproduction, University of Firenze, Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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30
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Lédée-Bataille N. Dialogue materno-fœtal et implantation embryonnaire humaine : des concepts qui évoluent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 33:564-76. [PMID: 15550875 DOI: 10.1016/s0368-2315(04)96597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple immunogical mechanisms allow fetal allograft tolerance. In this review, we first describe the maternal and embryological side in order to expose the dangers for the embryo enabling the development of materno-fetal strategies that will allow fetal survival and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lédée-Bataille
- INSERM U131, Cytokines et relation materno-foetale, 157, rue de la Porte-de-Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France.
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Nagamatsu T, Fujii T, Yamashita T, Miki A, Kanai T, Kusumi M, Osuga Y, Kozuma S, Taketani Y. Hypoxia does not reduce HLA-G expression on extravillous cytotrophoblasts. J Reprod Immunol 2004; 63:85-95. [PMID: 15380940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Placental hypoxia following the immature remodeling of spiral arteries by extravillous cytotrophoblasts (CTs) is focused on the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. At the same time, the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is decreased at the protein and mRNA levels in the pre-eclamptic placenta. In view of the potential function of HLA-G in immunological tolerance in the feto-maternal interface, we were much concerned to find whether the lowered expression of HLA-G in the pre-eclamptic placenta is a precursor or the result of placental hypoxia. The effect of oxygen on the expression of membrane-bound (mb) and soluble (s) HLA-G was investigated in primary cultures of extravillous CTs. The undifferentiated CTs isolated from the first-trimester placenta were cultured with different concentrations of oxygen (20%, 8% and 2%). The protein expression of mbHLA-G and of sHLA-G was assessed using flow cytometry, and mRNA expression was analyzed using real-time PCR. Expression of mbHLA-G and of sHLA-G protein was intensified with time in culture regardless of the oxygen concentration, and the expression intensities were synchronized between the 20% and the 2% oxygen concentrations at each time point. The mRNA expressions of mbHLA-G1 and sHLA-G1 at 2% oxygen were increased to twice those with 20% oxygen. Our findings demonstrate that no reduction of HLA-G was induced in CTs by short-term exposure to hypoxia, although further study may be required to find the effect of chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655 Tokyo, Japan
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Gazit E, Slomov Y, Goldberg I, Brenner S, Loewenthal R. HLA-G is associated with pemphigus vulgaris in Jewish patients. Hum Immunol 2004; 65:39-46. [PMID: 14700594 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2003.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus is a group of life-threatening autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. The etiology and pathogenesis of this destructive autoimmune process remains unknown, but significant association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) factors have been described in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patient cohorts worldwide. We have recently analyzed DNA samples obtained from pemphigus patients and matched controls with a set of microsatellite markers, and found that markers mapped to HLA class I region are significantly associated with the disease. In order to narrow the region that is associated with the disease single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) technology was used. In this study, a set of 26 SNP markers, which span a chromosomal region of about 600,000 bp, were used to screen DNA samples of the patients and their matched controls. Of the 26 SNPs, four markers were found informative, all mapped to HLA-G. Typing patients and controls for HLA-G polymorphism revealed significant differences in the exon 8 deletion/insertion variant. The latter is probably associated with the efficiency of transcription of this gene. Taken together, the results suggest that HLA-G is associated with PV in Jewish patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Gazit
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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33
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Sher G, Keskintepe L, Nouriani M, Roussev R, Batzofin J. Expression of sHLA-G in supernatants of individually cultured 46-h embryos: a potentially valuable indicator of 'embryo competency' and IVF outcome. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 9:74-8. [PMID: 15257824 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 201 women aged 28-44 years, each of whom underwent one cycle of IVF-embryo transfer with fresh, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-derived 7- to 10-cell embryos, transferred 72 h after oocyte retrieval. Samples of media surrounding separately cultured embryos were collected 46 h post-ICSI and stored for subsequent specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 594 embryos (from own or donor oocytes) were transferred to 201 women. Group A comprised 159 recipients under 39 years and group B compromised 42 recipients aged 39-44 years. Groups A-1 and B-1 recipients had at least one embryo that tested above the geometric mean for soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) ('positive expression') transferred. In groups A-2 and B-2, all embryos transferred expressed sHLA-G below the geometric mean ('negative expression'). In group A-1, 72/101 women (71%) achieved ultrasound confirmed (clinical), viable (cardiac activity observed) pregnancies. The implantation rate per embryo (IR) was 38%. In group A-2, 13/58 (22%) achieved viable clinical pregnancies. The IR was 9%. In group B-1, the viable clinical pregnancy rate was 52% (15/29) and the IR was 25% compared with a viable clinical pregnancy rate of 15% (2/13) and an IR of 5% in group B-2. The results of this study suggest that by selecting specific embryos for transfer based on their individual sHLA-G expression, pregnancy and implantation rates can be maximized while the number of embryos transferred can be reduced, thereby minimizing the incidence of high-order multiple pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Sher
- Sher Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Las Vegas, NV 89109, USA.
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Fainardi E, Rizzo R, Melchiorri L, Vaghi L, Castellazzi M, Marzola A, Govoni V, Paolino E, Tola MR, Granieri E, Baricordi OR. Presence of detectable levels of soluble HLA-G molecules in CSF of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: relationship with CSF soluble HLA-I and IL-10 concentrations and MRI findings. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 142:149-58. [PMID: 14512174 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(03)00266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the presence of non-classical soluble HLA-G molecules (sHLA-G) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and the possible relationships between CSF levels of sHLA-G, classical soluble HLA-I (sHLA-I) molecules, IL-10 amounts and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings were evaluated. We studied by ELISA technique the sHLA-I, sHLA-G and IL-10 levels in CSF of 50 relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients stratified according to clinical and MRI evidence of disease activity. Thirty-six patients with other inflammatory neurological disorders (OIND) and 41 with non-inflammatory neurological disorders (NIND) were used as controls. CSF mean levels were significantly higher in MS and OIND than in NIND for sHLA-I (p<0.001) and in MS than in controls for sHLA-G (p<0.001), with no differences among the various groups for IL-10 mean concentrations. An increase in CSF sHLA-I was found in MS patients with Gd-enhancing lesions (p<0.01), while sHLA-G and IL-10 were more represented in MS patients without lesional activity on MRI scans (p<0.02). In MRI-inactive MS, CSF IL-10 mean concentrations were significantly greater in patients with CSF-detectable levels of sHLA-G than in those without any evidence of CSF sHLA-G expression (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that CSF classical sHLA-I and non-classical sHLA-G levels may modulate MS activity as assessed by MRI acting in opposite directions. The association observed between sHLA-G and IL-10 when Gd-enhancing lesion resolved indicates a potential immunoregulatory role for IL-10 in the control of MS disease activity by shifting the sHLA-I/sHLA-G balance towards sHLA-G response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Fainardi
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Ferrara, Arcispedale S. Anna, Corso della Giovecca 203, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Kanai T, Fujii T, Kozuma S, Miki A, Yamashita T, Hyodo H, Unno N, Yoshida S, Taketani Y. A subclass of soluble HLA-G1 modulates the release of cytokines from mononuclear cells present in the decidua additively to membrane-bound HLA-G1. J Reprod Immunol 2003; 60:85-96. [PMID: 14638437 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(03)00096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Our previous studies have demonstrated that a subclass of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G1 protein (sub-sHLA-G1), that has alpha1 to alpha3 extra-cellular portion but lacks C-terminus of authentic soluble HLA-G1 secreted by trophoblasts, fine-tunes the release of cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) chiefly by counterbalancing membrane-bound HLA-G1 (mHLA-G1), and thereby may play a role in maintaining pregnancy. In this study, we investigated whether the presence of sHLA-G1 protein altered the release of cytokines from decidual mononuclear cells (DMCs) which are localized at the interface of feto-maternal interaction and whose cell population is completely different from PBMCs. METHOD OF STUDY We cultured peripheral DMCs with either HLA-A and -B lacking B lymphoblast cell line (721.221 cells) or the cells transfected with mHLA-G1 (721.221-G1 cells) with or without sub-sHLA-G1. Cytokines concentrations in the culture media were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Regardless of the presence of mHLA-G1 expressing cells, the addition of the recombinant sub-sHLA-G1 protein in the DMC culture media decreased the amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma, with the release of IL-4 from DMCs being unchanged. CONCLUSION The sub-sHLA-G1 protein modulates the release of cytokines from DMCs additively to mHLA-G1 expressing cells. In view of the distinct fetomaternal interaction during implantation, it appears that sHLA-G1 might play a role in the establishment of pregnancy by regulating cytokine release in concert with mHLA-G1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kanai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655 Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Le Bouteiller P, Pizzato N, Barakonyi A, Solier C. HLA-G, pre-eclampsia, immunity and vascular events. J Reprod Immunol 2003; 59:219-34. [PMID: 12896824 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(03)00049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia, one of the main complications in pregnancy, is characterised by shallow cytotrophoblast invasion of decidua as well as by vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, leading to a poor perfusion of placenta. A striking feature of pre-eclamptic pregnancies is that expression of HLA-G protein is reduced in term placentas compared with normal pregnancy. How such HLA-G deficient expression may be related to the pre-eclamptic pathology is unknown. Here, we review the major structural characteristics of HLA-G and some of its functions that have been recently characterised. Soluble HLA-G1 isoform down-regulates both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell reactivity. HLA-G also modulates innate immunity by binding to several NK and/or decidual receptors, inducing particular cytokine secretion. HLA-G was shown to be less susceptible to human cytomegalovirus-derived US protein down-modulation. Finally, soluble HLA-G1 down-regulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration. In view of these different HLA-G properties, we will briefly discuss how defective HLA-G function may contribute to the low trophoblast invasion and vascular abnormalities observed in pre-eclamptic placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Le Bouteiller
- INSERM U563, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Bât. A, Hôpital Purpan, Cedex 3, 31059 Toulouse, France.
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37
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Abstract
HLA-G differs from the other MHC class I genes. This includes a unique promoter region, a restricted constitutive tissular distribution, the translation of different membrane-bound and soluble isoforms, a shortened cytoplasmic tail and a minimal polymorphim. Soluble HLA-G1 is an immunosuppressive molecule inducing apoptosis of activated CD8(+) T cells and down-modulating CD4(+) T cell proliferation. Soluble HLA-G1 may also contribute to the control of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Le Bouteiller
- INSERM U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, France.
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38
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Carosella ED, Moreau P, Le Maoult J, Le Discorde M, Dausset J, Rouas-Freiss N. HLA-G Molecules: from Maternal–Fetal Tolerance to Tissue Acceptance. Adv Immunol 2003; 81:199-252. [PMID: 14711057 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(03)81006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, HLA-G, the non-classical HLA class I molecule, has been the center of investigations that have led to the description of its specific structural and functional properties. Although located in the HLA class I region of chromosome six, the HLA-G gene may be distinguished from other HLA class I genes by its low polymorphism and alternative splicing that generates seven HLA-G proteins, whose tissue-distribution is restricted to normal fetal and adult tissues that display a tolerogeneic function toward both innate and acquired immune cells. We review these points, with special emphasis on the role of HLA-G in human pathologies, such as cancer, viral infection, and inflammatory diseases, as well as in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo D Carosella
- Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Département de Recherche Médicale, CEA Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France.
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39
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Solier C, Aguerre-Girr M, Lenfant F, Campan A, Berrebi A, Rebmann V, Grosse-Wilde H, Le Bouteiller P. Secretion of pro-apoptotic intron 4-retaining soluble HLA-G1 by human villous trophoblast. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32:3576-86. [PMID: 12516543 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200212)32:12<3576::aid-immu3576>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One major materno-fetal interface in the human placenta is constituted by the syncytiotrophoblast, in contact with maternal blood of the intervillous space, which derives from differentiation and fusion of the villous cytotrophoblast (vct). In the present work, we purified vct from term placenta by depleting HLA class I- and class II-positive cells. We found by RT-PCR that both soluble intron 4-retaining HLA-G1 (sHLA-G1) and HLA-G2 isoforms were transcribed in purified vct. Using different HLA-G-specific mAb, we demonstrated by intracellular flow cytometry, Western blotting and ELISA, that sHLA-G1 but no soluble HLA class Ia molecule was secreted by vct. We then purified sHLA-G1 from vct culture supernatant and found that it exhibited an unusual glycosylation pattern. Finally, we showed that such trophoblast-derived sHLA-G1 triggered specific apoptosis of activated CD8+ T cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that vct did secrete functional sHLA-G1 in primary culture and suggested that, in vivo, sHLA-G1 might be an important immunomodulatory molecule controlling the activity of maternal immune effector CD8+ cells circulating in the blood that immerses chorionic villi.
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40
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Palmisano GL, Pistillo MP, Fardin P, Capanni P, Nicolò G, Salvi S, Spina B, Pasciucco G, Ferrara GB. Analysis of HLA-G expression in breast cancer tissues. Hum Immunol 2002; 63:969-76. [PMID: 12392849 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Among the different mechanisms by which cancer can elude the immune system, alterations in the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on tumor cells may play a crucial role by impairing the HLA molecules interaction with T and natural killer (NK) cells specific receptors. More recently, aberrant expression of HLA-G has been described in different tumor tissues in addition to HLA class I downregulation. The HLA-G molecule is a nonclassical HLA class I antigen selectively expressed by trophoblast and thymic epithelial cells. Several studies reported that the HLA-G function might represent an additional mechanism of tumor immune escape, mainly inhibiting NK and cytotoxic T-cell activity. Here we report the analysis of HLA-G expression both at RNA level by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and at protein level by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in 25 breast cancer patient tissues. The aim of this study was to elucidate the HLA-G gene expression pattern in breast tumor tissues and correlate it with HLA class I alterations. Our results demonstrated that HLA-G molecules expression was never found even in a group of patients revealing HLA class I total loss, and that HLA-G is not expressed in breast cancer tissue with a low-tumor grade (G1-G2) and minimal stromal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Lelio Palmisano
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova, Italy.
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41
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Sedlmayr P, Morales P, Trummer S, Wascher K, Azzola D, Blaschitz A, Hammer A, Walcher W, Wintersteiger R, Dohr G. Absence of HLA-G expression in macrophages of human decidua. Am J Reprod Immunol 2002; 48:96-102. [PMID: 12389598 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.01116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Macrophages - together with natural killer (NK) cells - constitute the majority of bone marrow derived infiltrating cells in the decidua. As interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a cytokine produced by NK cells, has been reported to induce expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA-G) in monocytic cells, suggesting expression of HLA-G on decidua macrophages potentially stimulated by IFN-gamma, the question arises whether decidua macrophages in normal pregnancy express HLA-G. METHOD OF STUDY The study was based on immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. In order to exclude that potentially elusive soluble HLA-G was not detected by immunohistochemistry, we performed in addition RT-PCR of flow-sorted decidua macrophages. RESULTS Our findings indicate that HLA-G is not present on macrophages of first trimester or term decidua in either membrane-bound or soluble form. Transcripts for soluble HLA-G1 and -G2 were not detected. CONCLUSIONS We exclude a role of HLA-G on the surface of decidua macrophages or of soluble HLA-G1 or -G2 as a secretory product of decidua macrophages with regard to interaction with HLA-G receptors present in or outside the decidua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sedlmayr
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria.
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42
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Seliger B, Cabrera T, Garrido F, Ferrone S. HLA class I antigen abnormalities and immune escape by malignant cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2002; 12:3-13. [PMID: 11926409 DOI: 10.1006/scbi.2001.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Johannes Gutenberg University, III. Department of Internal Medicine, Mainz, Germany.
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43
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Fuzzi B, Rizzo R, Criscuoli L, Noci I, Melchiorri L, Scarselli B, Bencini E, Menicucci A, Baricordi OR. HLA-G expression in early embryos is a fundamental prerequisite for the obtainment of pregnancy. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32:311-5. [PMID: 11807769 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200202)32:2<311::aid-immu311>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Different mechanisms mediated by the expression of the HLA-class Ib HLA-G products are suggested to account for the induction of immune tolerance against the paternal antigens of the fetus during pregnancy. Soluble HLA-G antigens, mainly produced by cytotrophoblast cells at the materno-fetal interface and circulating in the body fluids, show a capacity analogous to that of membrane-boundstructures to inhibit NK cells. In the present report we have investigated, using specific ELISA, the presence of sHLA-G molecules in culture supernatants of early embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization (IVF) before transfer. The data obtained from the analysis of 285 supernatants corresponding to 101 IVF procedures (43 IVF, 58 intracytoplasmic sperm injection) identify two groups of patients on the basis of sHLA-G antigen presence. No differences in clinical parameters were observed between the groups, but positive embryo implantations occurred only in women showing sHLA-G molecules in culture supernatants (Fisher's exact p value 2.56 x 10(-3)). The results obtained indicate that expression of HLA-G products in embryo cells is a mandatory, but not sufficient, prerequisite for the development of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Fuzzi
- Department of Gynecology, Perinatal Medicine and Human Reproduction, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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44
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Abstract
During pregnancy, the fetus develops particularly efficient molecular regulatory mechanisms to prevent possible maternal anti-paternal alloimmune response and avoid viral spreading from maternal tissue. Among the different mechanisms, there has been noted a selective expression of HLA molecules on trophoblast cells: the absence of HLA class II and of polymorphic HLA-A and HLA-B expression but presence of both non polymorphic HLA-G and HLA-E class Ib as well as of HLA-C class Ia. The functional consequences of such a particular pattern of HLA expression in gestation are examined here.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Le Bouteiller
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, unité 395, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Purpan, BP 3028, 31024 Toulouse, France.
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45
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Abstract
Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is an antigen-presenting molecule. This review discusses the possibility that this might not be its primary function. HLA-G indeed modulates innate immunity by interacting with immunoglobulin-like receptors and by regulating HLA-E expression and its subsequent interaction with CD94/NKG2 receptors. HLA-G also down-modulates both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Le Bouteiller
- Inserm U 395, CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024 Toulouse cedex 3, France.
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46
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Paul P, Cabestre FA, Ibrahim EC, Lefebvre S, Khalil-Daher I, Vazeux G, Quiles RM, Bermond F, Dausset J, Carosella ED. Identification of HLA-G7 as a new splice variant of the HLA-G mRNA and expression of soluble HLA-G5, -G6, and -G7 transcripts in human transfected cells. Hum Immunol 2000; 61:1138-49. [PMID: 11137219 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The nonclassical HLA-G primary transcript is alternatively spliced to generate several mRNAs that have the capacity to encode four membrane bound isoforms, namely HLA-G1, -G2, -G3, and -G4 and two soluble isoforms HLA-G5 and -G6. We aimed at defining the capacity of full length and truncated soluble HLA-G transcripts to be translated in human cell lines. Our study of HLA-G alternative transcripts in various human tissues led us to identify a new splice variant of the HLA-G mRNA, named G7, in which open reading frame continues in intron 2. Due to the presence of a stop codon within intron 2, HLA-G7 transcripts retain the capacity to be translated as soluble truncated HLA-G proteins bearing the alpha1 domain linked to two specific aminoacids encoded by intron 2. Expression vectors containing cDNAs encoding HLA-G5, -G6, and -G7 isoforms were transfected into human cell lines. The presence of translated HLA-G5, -G6, and -G7 proteins was detected in protein extracts of transfected cells by Western blot and immunoprecipitation, but only the full length HLA-G5 soluble isoform could be clearly detected as a secreted protein in both transfected cells supernatants and body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Paul
- Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, CEA/DRM/DSV, Hôpital St. Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Cedex 10, Paris, France.
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47
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Blaschitz A, Hutter H, Leitner V, Pilz S, Wintersteiger R, Dohr G, Sedlmayr P. Reaction patterns of monoclonal antibodies to HLA-G in human tissues and on cell lines: a comparative study. Hum Immunol 2000; 61:1074-85. [PMID: 11137210 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We compared the immunohistochemical reaction patterns of HLA-G-specific antibodies 87G, 4H84, G233, 16G1, and BFL.1 on human placentas under three different preparative conditions and on cryosections of other human tissues. Human and murine cell lines, either naturally expressing or transfected with HLA-G, were analyzed for their reaction patterns by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Antibodies HCA2, TP25.99, W6/32 to classical HLA class I, anti-beta(2)-m and various non-HLA-G expressing cell lines were used as controls. The binding ability of the antibodies depends on the histotechnical procedure used. 4H84 and HCA2 bind to HLA-G despite aldehyde fixation and also paraffin embedding. 87G does not bind HLA-G in studies involving fixation with aldehydes. G233 labels HLA-G in aldehyde fixed but not paraffin embedded tissues. By immunocytochemistry HLA-G2 is merely detected with antibodies 4H84 and HCA2. MAb 16G1 binds to HLA-Gsol transfected cell lines only. The HLA-G specificity of mAb BFL.1 was considered as doubtful because it failed to react with most of the HLA-G transfected cell lines. Binding of 87G to the surface of monocytes or U-937 cells stimulated with IFN-gamma and GM-CSF is an Fc-receptor mediated phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blaschitz
- Institut für Histologie und Embryologie, Graz, Austria
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