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Motley R, Williamson E, Quinn C. Prevalence and Correlates of Exposure (Direct and Indirect) to Perceived Racism-Based Police Violence among Black Emerging Adult College Students. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38608004 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2341838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence makes plain that exposure to perceived racism-based events, particularly for Black emerging adults aged 18-29, represents a major public health concern in the United States given its widespread prevalence and documented association with adverse health outcomes. However, research on the prevalence and correlates of exposure to perceived racism-based police violence (RPV) for Black emerging adults is scant. The current study examines the prevalence and correlates of RPV exposure among a sample of 300 Black emerging adult college students, utilizing computer-assisted surveys. Univariate, bivariate, and multiple linear regression analyzes were conducted. We found moderately low rates for direct RPV exposure (Mean = 5.85) and moderately high rates (Mean = 10.4) for indirect exposure. Being younger and having incomes greater than $10,000 were significant predictors of direct RPV exposure, whereas being female and older were significant predictors of indirect RPV exposure. Our findings provide implications for future research and underscore the need for social work clinicians to include the RPV scales during their assessments for traumatic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Motley
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, USA
| | - Eric Williamson
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston CollegeChestnut Hill, USA
| | - Camille Quinn
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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2
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Su S, Wang E, Su S. Perceived discrimination and multiple indicators of positive development among second-generation Chinese-American youth: The moderating role of ethnic identity. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13251. [PMID: 38529762 PMCID: PMC11132795 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined the associations among ethnic identity, perceived discrimination and multiple indicators of positive youth development (PYD; i.e., intrapersonal-oriented competence, interpersonal-oriented competence, confidence, caring, character, family connection, peer connection, school and community connection, positive attitudes towards diversity and cultural pride) that were specifically identified among second-generation Chinese-American youth. METHODS Participants were 196 second-generation Chinese-American youth (N girl = 93; M age = 14.56, SD age = 1.75) primarily from the greater Boston area in MA, United States. Multivariate regression models were estimated to examine the associations between ethnic identity, perceived discrimination, and each potential indicator of PYD, as well as the moderating role of ethnic identity, controlling for key demographics. RESULTS (1) Ethnic identity was positively related to all PYD indicators, βs = .32 to .72, ps < .01; (2) perceived discrimination was negatively associated with all indicators of PYD (βs = -.15 to -.32, ps < .05), except for interpersonal-oriented competence and caring; and (3) ethnic identity significantly moderated the relationship between perceived discrimination and family connection (β = .23, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that whereas discrimination has potential negative effects on the positive development of second-generation Chinese-American youth, ethnic identity may be a key strength that should be considered in PYD promotion practices for these youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobing Su
- Implementation Science and Practice Advances Research Center (iSPARC), Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ellen Wang
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shaodan Su
- School of Law and Intellectual Property, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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3
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Motley RO, Joe S, McQueen A, Clifton M, Carlton-Brown D. Development, construct validity, and measurement invariance of the Modified Classes of Racism Frequency of Racial Experiences Measure (M-CRFRE) to capture direct and indirect exposure to perceived racism-based police use of force for Black emerging adults. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 29:575-589. [PMID: 35113606 PMCID: PMC9546726 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To utilize focus groups, cognitive interviews, content expert panel, and computer-assisted surveys to develop and pilot survey items assessing exposure to perceived racism-based police violence to enhance the Classes of Racism Frequency of Racial Experiences (CRFRE). METHOD Focus groups and cognitive interviews were conducted with Black emerging adults (n = 44) in St. Louis, Missouri. Utilizing a grounded theory approach, a thematic analysis of the focus group and cognitive interview transcripts was conducted to identify key items to be added to the CRFRE. Three content experts assessed the face and content validity of survey items. Computer-assisted surveys were conducted to pilot the modified CRFRE with a sample of Black emerging adults (n = 300). Confirmatory factor analyses and structural paths were used to examine the construct validity of the modified CRFRE. RESULTS Participant's qualitative data and suggestions from content experts resulted in the development of 16 additional survey items regarding exposure to perceived racism-based police violence across three domains (victim, witness in person, and seen in media). The modified CRFRE measure showed construct validity, internal reliability, and measurement invariance between men and women. CONCLUSIONS This study advances our epidemiological methodology for quantifying exposure to perceived racism-based police violence. Future research is necessary to assess the prevalence of exposure to perceived racism-based police violence and associated mental and behavioral outcomes for Black emerging adults in the U.S. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Joe
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Amy McQueen
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
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4
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Castelin S, Jaquez F, Burlew AK, Cunningham SR. Dual Pandemics: Race-Related COVID Stress and Mental Health Outcomes in Black Individuals. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01683-6. [PMID: 37378805 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Black individuals have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due in part to historically rooted stressors that lie at the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic and racism. We used secondary data from The Association of Black Psychologists' multi-state needs assessment of 2480 Black adults to examine the link between race-related COVID stress (RRCS) and mental health outcomes. We also examined the moderating roles of everyday discrimination, cultural mistrust, Black activism, Black identity, and spirituality/religiosity in these associations. T-tests revealed that several demographic and cultural factors are associated with RRCS endorsement. A series of regression analyses showed that endorsement of RRCS is associated with higher psychological distress and lower well-being, above and beyond several sociodemographic characteristics. While traditional cultural protective factors did not buffer against the effects of RRCS on mental health, cultural mistrust strengthened the positive association between RRCS and psychological distress; nonetheless, the association of cultural mistrusts with psychological distress was only seen in those who endorsed RRCS. We provide recommendations for policymakers, clinicians, and researchers to consider the impact of RRCS when addressing Black mental health and well-being in the age of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Castelin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Farrah Jaquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Kathleen Burlew
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Erguler H, Ferreira N, Adonis M, Koushiou M. Moderating Impact of Dispositional Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Future Expectancies and Psychological Well-Being. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231175614. [PMID: 37202172 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231175614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mindfulness has been studied under cultivated or dispositional divisions where the latter has strong implications for psychological well-being in meditators and non-meditators alike. In addition, future expectations, or prospections, regarding the occurrence of important events in a person's future have recently been hypothesized to be the main cause behind symptoms of major depression. There is, however, a lack of empirical research looking at possible links between dispositional mindfulness, as understood in its facet structure, and future expectations as understood via perceived risk of occurrence and vividness of mental imagery when prompted to imagine a given list of positive and negative prospective event item lists. Therefore, this research aimed at examining how dispositional mindfulness may be related to probabilistic risk assessments of positive and negative future events (Stage I); and how mental imagery vividness may be moderated by mindfulness facets (Stage II). METHODS Both stages included healthy participants and incorporated the PROCESS macro for moderated regression analysis done with the SPSS software. Stage I included 204 voluntary college students, and Stage II was conducted online with a public sample of 110 adults. RESULTS Although no interaction effect was found in Stage I, nonreactivity to inner experience facet of dispositional mindfulness moderated the relationship between negative imagery vividness and psychological distress in Stage II (F(1,103) = 4.00, R2 change=.018, p <.05). CONCLUSIONS This is a novel finding that could inform a future line of research looking into the relationship between prospection and mindfulness, holding a potential for informing research on mindfulness-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Erguler
- The Department of Psychology, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus (Northern, via Mersin 10 Turkey)
| | - Nuno Ferreira
- The Department of Psychology, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Adonis
- The Department of Psychology, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Koushiou
- The Department of Psychology, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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The Relationship Between Subjective Social Status, Mental Health Disparities, and the Mediating Role of Discrimination Among Latinx Populations. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:350-356. [PMID: 35040105 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subjec tive social status (SSS) has consistently been linked to health outcomes among Latinx populations, but less is known about how discrimination explains the relationship between SSS and health disparities. While SSS, an individual's perception of her socioeconomic standing, is a robust predictor of health disparities in many societies, discriminatory experiences may impact the relationship between SSS and mental health and health outcomes. Subjective social status can negatively contribute to health disparities through several pathways including the stigma associated with lower social status and poverty. Experiencing discrimination can contribute to feelings of marginalization and therefore decrease individuals' perception of their social status. This study tested discrimination as a mediator of SSS and health disparities among Latinx populations. DESIGN Using the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), we identified 2554 Latinx participants to be included in the sample. Participants reported ratings of mental and physical health and exposure to everyday discrimination. Mediation models were used to analyze everyday discrimination as a mediator of SSS and health outcomes. RESULTS The present results support that SSS is directly associated with ratings of mental and physical health in Latinx individuals. Discrimination was also found to mediate the relationship between SSS and health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings have practice implications for health disparities among Latinx populations. In particular, discrimination may be a major contributing factor to the role of SSS on health outcomes.
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Sanders MA, Oppezzo M, Skan J, Benowitz NL, Schnellbaecher M, Prochaska JJ. Demographic and cultural correlates of traditional eating among Alaska Native adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275445. [PMID: 36178914 PMCID: PMC9524684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study assessed how traditional eating relates to cultural and community factors. Alaska Native adults from the Norton Sound region were recruited and surveyed between 2015-2018 for a randomized clinical trial of multiple risk behavior change interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention. Participants (n = 291) were 49% female with a mean age of 47 years (SD = 14). A 34-item food frequency questionnaire assessed consumption of foods traditional and nontraditional to the regional Alaska Native diet. A novel measure, termed the "traditional foods index", was computed as weekly servings of culturally traditional food consumption divided by total foods reported. Overall, the sample's traditional foods index averaged 21%±16%, with higher values reported by participants assessed in summer (23%±17%) than winter (19%±15%, p<0.05); by women (22%±16%) than men (19%±16%, p < .05); and by residents of smaller communities (22%±17%) than the comparatively larger community of Nome (17%±14%, p<0.05). The traditional foods index was correlated with age (r = .26, p < .01), as well as the cultural variables of community connectedness (r = .19, p < .01), community standing (r = .15, p < .01), and traditional language comprehension (r = .19, p < .01). In a multivariate regression model, age, community connectedness, and community standing remained significantly associated with traditional diet. These findings may inform the design and evaluation of community-based, culturally-relevant dietary initiatives for heart health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Sanders
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Marily Oppezzo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jordan Skan
- Cardiology Department, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Neal L. Benowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Program in Clinical Pharmacology, and the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, UCSF, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew Schnellbaecher
- Cardiology Department, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Judith J. Prochaska
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Oppezzo M, Knox M, Skan J, Chieng A, Crouch M, Aikens RC, Benowitz NL, Schnellbaecher M, Prochaska JJ. Traditional Heart-Healthy Diet and Medication Adherence in the Norton Sound Region: An 18-Month Telehealth Intervention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9885. [PMID: 36011519 PMCID: PMC9408057 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Innovations are needed for preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and for reaching diverse communities in remote regions. The current study reports on a telemedicine-delivered intervention promoting a traditional heart-healthy diet and medication adherence with Alaska Native men and women residing in the Norton Sound region of Alaska. METHODS Participants were 299 men and women with high blood pressure or high cholesterol smoking daily who were randomized to receive telemedicine-delivered counseling and printed materials on diet and medication adherence or on smoking and physical activity. Intervention contacts were at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up, with a final assessment at 18 months. Nutrition outcomes were the ratio of heart-healthy foods and traditional heart-healthy foods relative to all foods reported on a 34-item food frequency questionnaire. Recent and typical adherence for heart medications were self-reported. RESULTS Intervention effects were significant for the heart-healthy foods ratio at 6 months only (p = 0.014) and significant for the traditional heart-healthy foods ratio at 6 months only for those aged 47+ (p = 0.031). For recent and typical medication adherence, there were no significant group differences by time. DISCUSSION In a remote region of Alaska, telemedicine proved feasible and acceptable for engaging Alaska Native men and women in counseling on CVD risk behaviors. The findings indicate that more touchpoints may be necessary to impart comprehensive lasting change in heart-healthy eating patterns. Medication adherence group differences were not significant; however, medication adherence was high overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marily Oppezzo
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mariah Knox
- Cardiology Department, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Jordan Skan
- Cardiology Department, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Amy Chieng
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Maria Crouch
- Cardiology Department, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Rachael C. Aikens
- Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Neal L. Benowitz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Judith J. Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Caron V, Jeanneret N, Giroux M, Guerrero L, Ouimet M, Forgeot d’Arc B, Soulières I, Courcy I. Sociocultural context and autistics' quality of life: A comparison between Québec and France. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 26:900-913. [PMID: 34325546 PMCID: PMC9008549 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211035229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT What is already known about the topic? Quality of life refers to how people perceive aspects of their life such as physical health, material security, and interpersonal relationships. Studies have reported lower quality of life among autistic individuals than in the general population.What does this article contribute? This article contributes to a better understanding of quality of life and its measures from the point of view of autistic adults. By comparing two groups of French-speaking autistic adults from two different places (France and Québec-Canada), this research shows that the perception of quality of life and its determining factors differ for autistic adults living in each country. The Québec group reported a superior quality of life, and some quality of life predictors were different in each group. The social experience of autism-related stigmatization, however, was a powerful predictor of quality of life for all.Implications for practice, research, and policy To promote a higher quality of life for autistic people, it is important to consider the sociocultural context and implement awareness programs and public campaigns aimed at identifying and countering stigmatization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuria Jeanneret
- Centre de recherche et de partage des savoirs InterActions, Centre intégré de santé et des services sociaux (CIUSSS) du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Canada
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10
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Examining school ethnic-racial socialization in the link between race-related stress and academic well-being among African American and Latinx adolescents. J Sch Psychol 2022; 91:97-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wells SY, Brennan CL, Van Voorhees EE, Beckham JC, Calhoun PS, Clancy CP, Hertzberg MA, Dillon KH. The Impact of Hostility on Quality of Life, Functioning, and Suicidal Ideation Among Male Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:1171-1177. [PMID: 34091962 PMCID: PMC8645654 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often experience high levels of hostility. Although studies have found that PTSD is associated with poorer quality of life (QoL), increased functional impairment, lower levels of social support, and increased suicidal ideation, it is unclear if hostility impacts these domains in veterans with PTSD above and beyond the impact from PTSD and depressive symptoms. The present study aimed to examine whether hostility is related to several indices of poorer QoL and functioning after controlling for demographic characteristics, PTSD symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 641) were male U.S. veterans seeking PTSD treatment through a specialty clinic in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Veterans completed the Davidson Trauma Scale for DSM-IV (DTS), Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), Quality of Life Inventory, and the Sheehan Disability Scale. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to examine the impact of PAI measures of hostility on QoL, functioning, social support, and suicidal ideation beyond DTS, depression, race, and age. After covarying for DTS total score, depression symptoms, age, and race, higher levels of hostility were significantly associated with higher degrees of functional impairment and lower degrees of social support, ΔR2 = .01 and ΔR2 = .02, respectively. Higher levels of hostility were significantly related to diminished functioning and lower social support beyond PTSD and depressive symptoms in veterans seeking treatment for PTSD. These findings highlight the importance of assessing and treating hostility in veterans with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y. Wells
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Correspondence concerning this article should be sent to: Stephanie Y. Wells, Ph.D, Durham VA Health Care System, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705,
| | | | | | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Patrick S. Calhoun
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Hertzberg
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Kirsten H. Dillon
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Lombe M, Nebbitt V, Amano T, Enelamah N, Newransky C. Maternal caregiver's typologies and internalized behaviors in African American adolescents living in urban public housing. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:2548-2568. [PMID: 33340126 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study explores how variations in maternal caregiver types may be associated with adolescents' internalized behaviors (i.e., depressive symptoms) and resources (i.e., attitudes toward delinquent behaviors and efficacious beliefs). METHOD Using a sample of 375 African American youth from public housing in three large US cities, we used Latent Profile Analysis to identify various maternal caregiver classes. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess whether youth can be correctly classified into maternal caregiver classes based on their internalized behaviors. RESULTS Three maternal caregiver classes were identified. Results suggest youth living with high encouragement and high (supervision) maternal caregivers were associated with more conventional attitudes, higher self-efficacy, and lower depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Findings highlight how maternal caregivers can influence the internalizing behaviors of African American youth in US public housing. Individual, community, and system-level interventions can be leveraged to support the impact of these maternal caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Lombe
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Von Nebbitt
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Takashi Amano
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ngozi Enelamah
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
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Gosztyla ML, Kwong L, Murray NA, Williams CE, Behnke N, Curry P, Corbett KD, DSouza KN, Gala de Pablo J, Gicobi J, Javidnia M, Lotay N, Prescott SM, Quinn JP, Rivera ZMG, Smith MA, Tang KTY, Venkat A, Yamoah MA. Responses to 10 common criticisms of anti-racism action in STEMM. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009141. [PMID: 34264941 PMCID: PMC8282043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maya L. Gosztyla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lydia Kwong
- Bioethics and Science Policy Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Naomi A. Murray
- Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity Program, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Claire E. Williams
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Behnke
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Porsia Curry
- Porsia Curry, Black Resource Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Karen N. DSouza
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Joanina Gicobi
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Monica Javidnia
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Navina Lotay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sidney Madison Prescott
- Executive Women’s MBA Cohort, Women’s College, Brenau University, Gainesville, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Graduate Studies, Master of Science in Legal Studies Program, Cornell Law School, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - James P. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zeena M. G. Rivera
- Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Markia A. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen T. Y. Tang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Aarya Venkat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Megan A. Yamoah
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Lee E, Williams JM. Examining Coping Skills as a Mediating Factor in Perceived Stress and Life Satisfaction: A Comparison Between Minority and Nonminority Older Adults. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2021; 95:72-90. [PMID: 34110921 DOI: 10.1177/00914150211024178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although stress due to racial and ethnic differences can negatively impact life satisfaction, there is a lack of focus on the differences between minority and nonminority older adults in how stress and coping skills impact life satisfaction. The objectives of this study are to explore (a) the differences between minority and nonminority older adults in their levels of life satisfaction, stress, and coping skills; and (b) the mediating effects of coping skills on the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction among both groups. Cross-sectional data from the Well Elderly 2 study (N = 460) were utilized in bivariate and mediation analyses. Minority older adults reported higher levels of stress and prioritized different coping skills. Mediation was not supported for either group. These findings enable practitioners to focus on the coping skills more frequently identified by clients' racial/ethnic grouping, as well as to target the primary stressors identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- 34942 Department of Social Welfare, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaclyn M Williams
- 7823 College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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15
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Jolie SA, Onyeka OC, Torres S, DiClemente C, Richards M, Santiago CD. Violence, Place, and Strengthened Space: A Review of Immigration Stress, Violence Exposure, and Intervention for Immigrant Latinx Youth and Families. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2021; 17:127-151. [PMID: 33962534 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Latinx immigrant families are greatly impacted by US policies and practices that limit immigrant families' and children's rights. This article reviews the effects of such policies and the growing literature examining migration experiences. Latinx immigrant youth and parents may encounter multiple stressors across the stages of migration, including physical and structural violence, fear, poverty, and discrimination, which contribute to higher rates of mental health problems in this population. Despite significant trauma exposure, immigrants demonstrate incredible resilience within themselves, their families, and their communities and through movements and policies aimed at protecting their rights. Numerous culturally relevant universal, targeted, and intensive interventions were developed to magnify these protective factors to promote healing, advance immigration reform, and provide trauma-informed training and psychoeducation. Psychologistsplay a crucial role in implementing, evaluating, and advocating for accessible and collaborative approaches to care so that Latinx immigrant families have the resources to combat the harmful sequelae of immigration stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Jolie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA;
| | | | - Stephanie Torres
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Cara DiClemente
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA;
| | - Maryse Richards
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA;
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16
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Wright KE, Lucero JE, Ferguson JK, Granner ML, Devereux PG, Pearson JL, Crosbie E. The influence of cultural food security on cultural identity and well-being: a qualitative comparison between second-generation American and international students in the United States. Ecol Food Nutr 2021; 60:636-662. [PMID: 33632041 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2021.1875455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of cultural food insecurity on identity and well-being in second-generation American and international university students. Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted from January-April 2020. Audio transcripts were analyzed using continuous and abductive thematic analysis. Students indicated that cultural foodways enhanced their well-being by facilitating their cultural/ethnic identity maintenance, connection, and expression. Conversely, cultural food insecurity diminished student well-being due to reduced cultural anchors, highlighting the importance of cultural food in this population. Universities that reduce cultural foodways barriers may mitigate cultural food insecurity for second-generation American and international university students. (100/100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine E Wright
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Julie E Lucero
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Latino Research Center, College of Liberal Arts, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Michelle L Granner
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Paul G Devereux
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Jennifer L Pearson
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric Crosbie
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Ozmen Institute for Global Studies University of Nevada Reno Reno, Nevada
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17
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The impact that cultural food security has on identity and well-being in the second-generation U.S. American minority college students. Food Secur 2021; 13:701-715. [PMID: 33520017 PMCID: PMC7829482 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Food contributes to an individual’s physical and mental well-being and expresses one’s cultural identity through preparation, sharing, and consumption (i.e., foodways). Inadequate access to cultural foods can create cultural stress and affect one’s identity and well-being. In particular, second-generation U.S. American student populations may have a higher risk for cultural stress due to being away from family, academic stress, environmental changes, and diminished financial stability to purchase cultural foods. Thus, an exploratory qualitative methodology was used to elicit information about second-generation U.S. Americans’ food experiences to identify how cultural foods play a role in individual identity and how individual well-being is influenced by the presence or lack of cultural foods. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with second-generation American students at the University of Nevada, Reno, who self-identified as a cultural or ethnic minority. A standard thematic analysis was conducted. The authors identified that cultural food security influenced the ability to practice foodways, which tied Second-generation American students to their cultural identities. The absence of foodways led to anxiety and depression among students, amplifying the feelings of identity degradation. Second-generation American students discussed that the ability to practice their foodways improved multiple well-being components and led to feelings of happiness, decreased stress, warmth, better digestion, and a sense of belonging, comfort, and safety. College populations continue to grow and become more diverse, and with the increasing Second-generation American students, it is essential to improve the access and availability of cultural foods to improve their overall well-being. (245/250 words).
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18
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Huang CC, Lu S, Rios J, Chen Y, Stringham M, Cheung S. Associations between Mindfulness, Executive Function, Social-Emotional Skills, and Quality of Life among Hispanic Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217796. [PMID: 33114446 PMCID: PMC7663384 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hispanic children constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States of America, and yet few studies examine the relationship between mindfulness and Hispanic children's quality of life. This 2018 study seeks to gain insight into how mindfulness is associated with Hispanic children's quality of life. We surveyed 96 children in 5th- and 6th-grade classes in three Northern New Jersey elementary schools in 2018. Structure Equation Modeling was used to examine the associations between mindfulness, executive function, social-emotional skills, and quality of life. The results indicate that mindfulness is significantly and directly associated with executive function (β = 0.53), and that executive function is positively associated with social-emotional skills (β = 0.54) and quality of life (β = 0.51) of the sampled Hispanic children. The total effects on quality of life are significant for mindfulness (β = 0.33), executive function (β = 0.62), and social-emotional skills (β = 0.20). The findings shed light upon factors that can affect Hispanic children's quality of life and call for interventions related to these factors in order to improve their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, 390 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (C.-C.H.); (Y.C.); (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Juan Rios
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA;
| | - Yafan Chen
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, 390 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (C.-C.H.); (Y.C.); (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Marci Stringham
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, 390 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (C.-C.H.); (Y.C.); (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Shannon Cheung
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, 390 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (C.-C.H.); (Y.C.); (M.S.); (S.C.)
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19
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Walking in My Shoes: Imagined Synchrony Improves Attitudes Towards Out-groups. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-020-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPeople are prone to dividing others into the categories of ‘us’ and ‘them’. This can be particularly detrimental to minorities who may experience social exclusion, prejudice, and reduced access to equal opportunities. One method of improving intergroup relations is to create opportunities for contact. Common contact interventions have members of different groups meet and engage in conversation. There are also non-verbal embodied intergroup activities that produce the same effects. Previous work has shown that the pro-social effects of coordination may be linked to whether co-actors are classed as in or out-group members. The current study explored whether imagining walking in synchrony with in- or out-group members changed majority members’ attitudes towards those individuals. Imagining walking in synchrony fostered greater increases in empathy and decreases in negative attitudes only towards minority group members following imagined coordination (not in-groups). Implications and future directions are discussed.
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20
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Aubé B, Follenfant A, Goudeau S, Derguy C. Public Stigma of Autism Spectrum Disorder at School: Implicit Attitudes Matter. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:1584-1597. [PMID: 32780195 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the public stigma of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by their school-aged peers, focusing on both explicit and implicit attitudes. The twofold aims were to provide a broader picture of public stigma and to explore age-related changes in attitudes. Students completed an explicit measure of the public stigma and an implicit measure of attitudes after watching a video displaying children with ASD vs. typically developing (TD) children. Both measures showed more negative perceptions towards children with ASD compared to TD children. However, while explicit attitudes improved with age, implicit attitudes remained constantly negative. This finding suggests that both explicit and implicit attitudes should be considered when promoting an inclusive climate at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoite Aubé
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, EA 4057, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 71 Avenue E. Vaillant, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Alice Follenfant
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, EA 4139, Univ. Bordeaux, 3ter place de la Victoire, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Goudeau
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale: Contextes et Régulation, EA 4471, Université de Paris, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Cyrielle Derguy
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, EA 4057, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 71 Avenue E. Vaillant, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
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21
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Vera E, Yoon E, Chander N, Kim D, Liu H, Kolas D, Norgord R, Gomez M, Daniels R, Matthews K, Ahmad Mustaffa E. A meta‐analysis of support variables and well‐being in ethnic minority populations. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vera
- School of Education Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Eunju Yoon
- School of Education Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Natasha Chander
- School of Education Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Daewon Kim
- School of Education Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Huabing Liu
- School of Education Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Deanna Kolas
- School of Education Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Rebecca Norgord
- School of Education Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Maribeth Gomez
- School of Education Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Rebeca Daniels
- School of Education Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
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22
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Mind Over Matter: Mindfulness, Income, Resilience, and Life Quality of Vocational High School Students in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165701. [PMID: 32784544 PMCID: PMC7459870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many social welfare programs focus on the provision of cash assistance and cash transfers to improve the quality of life (QoL) of those living in low-income households. While there is literature to support a positive relationship between income and QoL, studies have shown that QoL is impacted by non-income-related factors. This study examined the effects of income and mindfulness on QoL through a mediator, resilience, and attempts to answer the question of how important income is to QoL, relative to a non-income-based determinant, mindfulness. Using a sample of 905 emerging adults from the senior class of a secondary vocational high school based in an impoverished county of China, we studied two key determinants of QoL, income and mindfulness, as well as respective pathways, during a particularly critical stage of life. The results indicated that mindfulness had strong direct and indirect effects on QoL via resilience, while income had only limited indirect effects on QoL via resilience. Policy implications were discussed.
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23
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Byrd DR, Thorpe RJ, Whitfield KE. Special Issue: Race and Mental Health Among Older Adults: Do Depressive Symptoms Shape Blacks' Perceptions of Stress Over Time? Innov Aging 2020; 4:igaa022. [PMID: 33094172 PMCID: PMC7566362 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Previous studies have linked stress to multiple negative mental health outcomes, including depression. This established stress–depression association is typically examined in one direction and cross-sectionally. This study examined the bidirectional relationships between depressive symptoms and changes in perceived stress over time in Blacks. Research Design and Methods The present study uses a community-dwelling sample of 450 Black adults, aged 51–96 years old, who participated in the Baltimore Study of Black Aging—Patterns of Cognitive Aging. Perceived stress—measured by the Perceived Stress Scale—and depressive symptoms—measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale—were both assessed at baseline and follow-up 33 months later. Ordinary least squares regression was used to examine 2 bidirectional longitudinal relationships between (1) stress–depression and (2) depression–stress, and whether these associations are modified by age. Results Initial analyses testing the typical stress–depression relationship showed an effect in the expected direction, that is stress leading to more depressive symptoms over time, adjusting for model covariates, but the effect was not statistically significant (b = 0.014, p = .642). After accounting for baseline perceived stress level, age, sex, education, and chronic health conditions, depressive symptoms were positively associated with follow-up stress (b = 0.210, p < .000). The depression–stress association further varied by age group such that the impact of baseline depression on changes in perceived stress was greatest in Blacks in their 60s versus those in their 50s (b = 0.267, p = .001), controlling for model covariates. Discussion and Implications Contrary to previous work, the results suggest that an individual’s mental health shapes his/her perception of stressful events and this relationship varies by age group. While the typical finding (stress impacting depression) was not significant, the findings reported here highlight the importance of considering the possible bidirectional nature of the relationships between psychosocial measures of stress and mental health in later life among Blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeAnnah R Byrd
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Program for Research on Men's Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Silveira ML, Dye BA, Iafolla TJ, Adesanya MR, Boroumand S, Youngblood ME, Salazar CR, Finlayson TL, Khambaty T, Beaver SM, Isabel Garcia A. Cultural factors and oral health-related quality of life among dentate adults: Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2020; 25:420-435. [PMID: 29343079 PMCID: PMC6148392 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1427219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Research on the relationships between acculturation, ethnic identity, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) among the U.S. Hispanic/Latino population is sparse. The aim of this study is to examine the association between acculturation, ethnic identity, and OHRQOL among 13,172 adults in the 2008-2011 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).Design: Participants self-reported their acculturation (immigrant generation, birthplace, residence in the U.S., language, and social acculturation), ethnic identity (sense of belonging and pride), and four OHRQOL measures. Key socio-demographic, behavioral, and oral health outcomes were tested as potential confounders.Results: Overall, 57% of individuals experienced poor OHRQOL in at least one of the domains examined. In multivariable analyses, some elements of higher acculturation were associated with greater food restriction and difficulty doing usual jobs/attending school, but not associated with pain or difficulty chewing, tasting, or swallowing. While sense of belonging to one's ethnic group was not associated with poor OHRQOL, low sense of pride was associated with food restriction. Socio-behavioral characteristics were significant effect modifiers.Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of the role of Hispanic/Latino's cultural factors in OHRQOL perception and can inform targeted strategies to improve OHRQOL in this diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marushka L. Silveira
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research,
National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 5B55, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD
– 20892
| | - Bruce A. Dye
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research,
National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 5B55, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD
– 20892
| | - Timothy J. Iafolla
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research,
National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 5B55, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD
– 20892
| | - Margo R. Adesanya
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research,
National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 5B55, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD
– 20892
| | - Shahdokht Boroumand
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research,
National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 5B55, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD
– 20892
| | - Marston E. Youngblood
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Collaborative
Studies Coordinating Center, 123 West Franklin Street, Suite 450, Chapel Hill, NC
– 27516
| | - Christian R. Salazar
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York
University College of Dentistry, 433 1 Ave, 7 floor, New
York, NY 10010
| | - Tracy L. Finlayson
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public
Health, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA – 92182-4162
| | - Tasneem Khambaty
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Department
of Psychology, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Math/Psychology 326, Baltimore, MD 21250
| | - Shirley M Beaver
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry,
Department of Periodontics, 801 S. Paulina street, Chicago, IL – 60077
| | - A. Isabel Garcia
- University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Health Science
Center, Room D4-6B, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL – 32610
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25
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Boateng-Poku A, Benca-Bachman CE, Najera DD, Whitfield KE, Taylor JL, Thorpe RJ, Palmer RHC. The role of social support on the effects of stress and depression on African American tobacco and alcohol use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107926. [PMID: 32087470 PMCID: PMC7127941 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study explored whether social support (SS) from family and peers, influences the relationship between depressed mood (DM) and substance use (SU). We hypothesized that SS would have a protective effect on DM, and moderate the association between DM and SU. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Analyses focused on 703 individuals from the Carolina African American Twin Study on Aging (mean age = 49.78 years, STD = 14.52; 51% female). Participants reported on past year frequency of cigarettes and alcohol consumption, depressed mood, and stressful life events. Social support (SS) was assessed on two domains (i.e., emotional and instrumental), as well as for perceived quality and quantity of each type. Hypotheses were tested using ordinal logistic regression in Mplus while controlling for socioeconomic status, age, and gender. RESULTS Quality of emotional support was negatively associated with drinking. Smoking, but not drinking was associated with depressed mood. While individuals with high levels of depressed mood received more support, receiving better quality emotional support was associated with fewer mood and stress symptoms. Individuals who reported receiving better quality emotional support typically smoked fewer cigarettes. CONCLUSION Quantity of emotional support was associated with higher levels of negative emotionality, whereas the opposite was found for quality of emotional support. Emotional support may indirectly influence smoking via depressed mood. Effecting the perceived quality of support appears to be the mechanism by which emotional support helps to reduce smoking in adult African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Boateng-Poku
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chelsie E Benca-Bachman
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dalora D Najera
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Keith E Whitfield
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Janiece L Taylor
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N Broadway St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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26
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Hunter EA, Spears EC, Martz CD, Chung K, Fuller-Rowell TE, Lim SS, Drenkard C, Chae DH. Racism-related stress and psychological distress: Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus study. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2374-2389. [PMID: 32228184 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320913085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disparate health consequences in African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus include greater severity of physical and psychological distress. Racism-related stress is also related to psychological distress correlates in this population. This study examined the relationships between racism-related experiences, psychological distress, and systemic lupus erythematosus activity in 430 African American women from the Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus study. The structural equation model suggests that psychological distress mediates the relationship between racism-related stress and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity. The impact of racism-related stress on systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity may occur primarily through their impact on psychological health variables. Implications for clinical care and future directions are explored.
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27
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Editor's Choice: Deliberative and non-deliberative effects of descriptive and injunctive norms on cancer screening behaviors among African Americans. Psychol Health 2019; 35:774-794. [PMID: 31747816 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1691725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Two longitudinal studies examined whether effects of subjective norms on secondary cancer prevention behaviors were stronger and more likely to non-deliberative (i.e., partially independent of behavioral intentions) for African Americans (AAs) compared to European Americans (EAs), and whether the effects were moderated by racial identity. Design: Study 1 examined between-race differences in predictors of physician communication following receipt of notifications about breast density. Study 2 examined predictors of prostate cancer screening among AA men who had not been previously screened.Main Outcome Measures: Participants' injunctive and descriptive normative perceptions; racial identity (Study 2); self-reported physician communication (Study 1) and PSA testing (Study 2) behaviors at follow up. Results: In Study 1, subjective norms were significantly associated with behaviors for AAs, but not for EAs. Moreover, there were significant non-deliberative effects of norms for AAs. In Study 2, there was further evidence of non-deliberative effects of subjective norms for AAs. Non-deliberative effects of descriptive norms were stronger for AAs who more strongly identified with their racial group. Conclusion: Subjective norms, effects of which are non-deliberative and heightened by racial identity, may be a uniquely robust predictor of secondary cancer prevention behaviors for AAs. Implications for targeted screening interventions are discussed.
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Singh B, Selvarajan T, Chapa O. High-quality relationships as antecedents of OCB: roles of identity freedom and gender. EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/edi-08-2018-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to expand the criterion domain of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), by examining the relationship between high-quality relationships (HQRs) and OCBs, with identity freedom as a mediator. In addition, the study also tries to highlight the role of gender as a moderator, whereby female (vs male) employees deferentially evaluate the importance of HQRs while engaging in OCBs.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted survey research by collecting data from 160 working adults and performed both basic mediation and mediated-moderated regression analysis with bootstrapping to determine the authors’ findings.
Findings
Results of the study establish HQRs as important antecedents of employee citizenship behaviors, clarify the role of identity freedom as an important underlying psychological mechanism that mediates the relationship between HQRs and OCBs and position gender as an important boundary condition in the relationship between HQR and identity freedom, whereby female employees are more likely to enjoy identity freedom in the presence of HQRs, as opposed to males.
Research limitations/implications
The present study illustrates the importance of HQRs and identity freedom as precursors of OCBs and in doing so expands the nomological net of OCBs, especially with respect to the antecedents of OCBs. The study also expands the scope of social identity theory by highlighting, in addition to social identity, the importance of identity expression.
Practical implications
This study provides guidance to organizational practitioners to focus on building HQRs at work as HQRs, by making employees feel safe, pave the way for OCBs. In addition, the study also highlights the importance of gender as a moderator, whereby employees with different gender affiliations react differently to organizational contexts.
Originality/value
Very little research has examined the relationship between HQRs and OCB. Antecedents of OCBs have been grouped into four categories: individual (or employee) characteristics, task characteristics, organizational characteristics and leadership behaviors. Clearly, the role played by the quality of interpersonal relationships in fostering OCBs has not been fully examined. By highlighting HQRs and identity freedom as antecedents of OCBs, the study informs the OCB literature by introducing interpersonal-relational and attitudinal elements as criterions of OCBs.
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Salami TK, Carter SE, Cordova B, Flowers KC, Walker RL. The Influence of Race-Related Stress on Eating Pathology: The Mediating Role of Depression and Moderating Role of Cultural Worldview Among Black American Women. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798419887632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to advance the eating pathology literature through investigating the association between a salient stressor for Black American women (race-related stress) and eating pathology, while also examining the potential mediating role of depressive symptoms on this association. In addition, the study aimed to examine the potential protective role of cultural worldview in this model. A community sample of 119 Black women between the ages of 18 and 60 years ( M = 36.34, SD = 12.51) were recruited for the study. Results supported a significant indirect effect of race-related stress on eating pathology through depressive symptoms. Moderated mediation analyses revealed a conditional effect of depression at various levels of worldview. Contrary to our hypotheses, participants with a more collectivistic and spiritual worldview often engaged in more eating pathology as a result of self-reported depressive symptoms stemming from experiences of race-related stress. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Brownlow BN, Sosoo EE, Long RN, Hoggard LS, Burford TI, Hill LK. Sex Differences in the Impact of Racial Discrimination on Mental Health Among Black Americans. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:112. [PMID: 31686220 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Greater racial discrimination is associated with poorer mental health among Black Americans; yet, there remains an incomplete understanding of sex differences in exposure to racial discrimination, and further, of how sex differences in coping with racial discrimination may heighten or diminish risk for poorer mental health. RECENT FINDINGS Black men may experience greater exposure to both structural and communal forms of racial discrimination, whereas Black women may face both a wider range of potential sources, as well as encounter greater variability in the subjective experience of racial discrimination. For both Black women and men, racial discrimination may be similarly associated with maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., emotional eating, rumination) that also are linked to poorer mental health; however, emerging findings suggest that mindfulness may partially buffer these deleterious effects. Overall, the recent literature reveals mixed findings with respect to sex differences in the experience and negative mental health impact of racial discrimination. Despite this heterogeneity, evidence documents sex differences in the settings, type, and qualitative experience of racial discrimination among Black Americans. Additionally, growing evidence indicating that racial discrimination is associated with physiological markers of stress reactivity and psychopathology risk further bolsters its characterization as a unique form of chronic stress among Black Americans and other minority groups in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana N Brownlow
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Effua E Sosoo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Risa N Long
- Department of Family Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lori S Hoggard
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tanisha I Burford
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - LaBarron K Hill
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3119, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Center for Biobehavioral Health Disparities Research, Duke University-Social Science Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3119, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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The Influence of Multiculturalism and Assimilation on Work-Related Outcomes: Differences Between Ethnic Minority and Majority Groups of Workers. Psychol Belg 2019; 59:246-268. [PMID: 31367456 PMCID: PMC6659758 DOI: 10.5334/pb.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at acquiring knowledge on how to manage ethnic diversity at work in order to promote work-outcomes in minority and majority groups of workers. We tested a model on how assimilation and multiculturalism, endorsed at an organizational level, predict job satisfaction and intention to quit through a mediation role played by the identification of workers with both the organization and their ethnic group simultaneously (i.e., dual identity). We hypothesized that the indirect effects of multiculturalism on work outcomes via dual identity are stronger for minority and those of assimilation are stronger for majority. Data came from 261 employees who responded to an online survey. 77 were of foreign origin (minority group) and 184 were of Belgian origin (majority group). Both assimilation and multiculturalism relate positively to work-related outcomes for both groups. However, multiculturalism through dual identity has the most beneficial outcomes for workers of the minority group. Our findings highlight the need to take ethnic and identity issues in account when studying work outcomes in culturally diverse organizations.
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A Review of the Popular and Scholarly Accounts of Donald Trump’s White Working-Class Support in the 2016 US Presidential Election. SOCIETIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/soc9020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Popular and scholarly accounts of Trump’s ascendency to the presidency of the United States on the part of the American white working-class use different variables to define the sociodemographic group because there is no “working-class White” variable available in benchmark datasets for researchers to code. To address this need, the Author ran a multinomial regression to assess whether income, education and racial identity predict working-class membership among white Americans, finding that income and education are statistically significant predictors of working-class whiteness, while racial identity is not. Arriving at a robust definition of “white working-class” in light of these findings, the paper next turns to a review of the extant literature. By retrieving studies from searches of computerised databases, hand searches and authoritative texts, the review critically surmises the explanatory accounts of Trump’s victory. Discussion of the findings from the review is presented in three principal sections. The first section explains how working-class White communities, crippled by a dearth of social and geographic mobility, have been “left behind” by the political elites. The second section examines how white Americans, whose dominant group position is threatened by demographic change, voted for Trump because of resonance between his populist rhetoric and their latent “racist” attitudes. The third and final section explores the implications of a changing America for native-born whites, and how America’s increasing ethnoracial diversity is eroding relations between its dominant and nondominant groups. The Author surmises by arguing that these explanatory accounts must be understood in the context of this new empirical approximation of “working-class White”.
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Kim Y, Calzada EJ. Skin color and academic achievement in young, Latino children: Impacts across gender and ethnic group. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 25:220-231. [PMID: 30299127 PMCID: PMC6438726 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study investigates the association between skin color and academic achievement in young Latino students. METHOD Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of the early development of Latino children that took place in 24 public elementary schools in New York City. Students included in the present analyses (N = 750) were 4 and 5 years old when they were enrolled (baseline) and were followed through the end of first grade. Structural equation models and bootstrapping mediation tests were conducted to examine the effects of skin color on academic achievement at the end of first grade, partially mediated by academic and social emotional domains of school readiness in prekindergarten or kindergarten. This study considered the intersectionality of ethnicity and gender in the models. RESULTS The findings showed that for Dominican-origin boys, being "collectively black" was indirectly associated with lower academic achievement in first grade, mediated by lower teacher-rated adaptive behavior in prekindergarten or kindergarten. CONCLUSIONS Discussion focuses on the need for educational policies and practices to be conscious of phenotypicality bias. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Kim
- School of Kinesiology and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Esther J. Calzada
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin
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Anderson RE, McKenny MC, Stevenson HC. EMBRace: Developing a Racial Socialization Intervention to Reduce Racial Stress and Enhance Racial Coping among Black Parents and Adolescents. FAMILY PROCESS 2019; 58:53-67. [PMID: 30552778 PMCID: PMC8807350 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have illustrated the deleterious psychological effects that racial discrimination has exerted on Black Americans. The resulting racial stress and trauma (RST) from experiences with discrimination has been linked to negative wellness outcomes and trajectories for Black youth and families. Racial socialization (RS)-defined as the verbal and nonverbal messages that families use to communicate race to their children-can be a cultural strength and has been associated with positive outcomes in Black youth. Furthermore, the Racial Encounter Coping Appraisal and Socialization Theory (RECAST) encourages the frequent and competent use of RS between family members to cope with the negative impact of RST. Guided by RECAST, the purpose of this article is to describe the development of the Engaging, Managing, and Bonding through Race (EMBRace) intervention targeting the RS practices between Black adolescents and families. The authors explore current research on RST, discuss why traditional coping models for stress are inadequate for racially specific stressors, highlight RECAST as a burgeoning racial coping and socialization model, and describe how RS can be used as a tool to intervene within Black families. This is followed by a detailed description of the development and use of the EMBRace intervention which seeks to reduce RST through RS psychoeducation and practice, stress management, and the promotion of bonding in Black families. This article aims to serve as an example of a culturally relevant RS intervention for Black families who may benefit from clinical treatment for psychological distress from racially discriminatory encounters.
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Carter J, Peralta RL, Xi J. The Association Between Ethnic Identity and Non-Medical Prescription Drug Use Among A Sample of College Students: Does a Sense of Ethnic Belonging Matter? Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:203-213. [PMID: 30489205 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1501065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National data demonstrate significant differences in non-medical prescription drug (NMPD) use, with Whites seeming to be more likely to use compared to non-Whites. College students also appear to be at an increased risk for NMPD use. OBJECTIVES This study examines NMPD use using a component of social identity theory. We propose that a stronger sense of ethnic identity may reduce the likelihood of NMPD use among college students due to ethnic identity's ties to self-esteem and self-efficacy. We also propose that the protective power of ethnic identity may vary according to one's race. METHODS Data for this study were collected from a survey of undergraduate students at a Midwestern university (N = 530). Poisson regression analyses were used to test the relationship between ethnic identity and NMPD use. Of our sample, 135 participants (25.5%) indicated NMPD use over the past year. This percentage is high compared to findings from national college data. RESULTS Results indicate that a stronger sense of ethnic identity reduced the frequency of NMPD use among young adults. The findings also reveal that the relationship between ethnic identity and NMPD use is moderated by race. Ethnic identity was found to be a protective factor for non-White participants only. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ethnic belonging may act as a protective factor against NMPD use among non-White young adults. These findings build upon our understanding of the relationship between ethnic identity and substance use. We conclude with a discussion of directions for future research and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Carter
- a Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences, Sociology, University of Akron , Akron , Ohio , USA
| | - Robert L Peralta
- b Department of Sociology , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio , USA
| | - Juan Xi
- a Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences, Sociology, University of Akron , Akron , Ohio , USA
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Matos CCDSA, Tourinho FSV. Saúde da População Negra: como nascem, vivem e morrem os indivíduos pretos e pardos em Florianópolis (SC). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2018. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc13(40)1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: Realizar um diagnóstico situacional das condições de saúde da população negra no município de Florianópolis (SC). Métodos: Trata-se de estudo do tipo levantamento, descritivo. Os dados dos sistemas de informação em saúde foram consultados nas bases disponíveis (prontuários eletrônicos municipais, dados censitários e TABNET DATASUS estadual e nacional), com análise da variável raça/cor, no período de 2010 a 2016. Resultados: Os resultados revelam, na população negra, piores condições de escolaridade e renda, maior proporção de mães adolescentes, menor número de consultas pré-natal, maiores proporções de casos de sífilis em gestantes e tuberculose e menor cobertura de plano privado de saúde. Os pacientes negros frequentaram proporcionalmente mais os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, em comparação aos atendimentos nos Centros de Saúde. Dentre as três primeiras causas de óbitos que encurtam a vida, AIDS e homicídios aparecem todos os anos dentre a população negra, não aparecendo na população branca. Causas perinatais também aparecem apenas dentre negros. Em 2016, suicídio tornou-se a terceira causa de óbito que encurta a vida na população parda. Conclusão: As piores condições de saúde na população negra podem refletir as piores condições socioeconômicas dessa população, bem como o racismo institucional e o mito da democracia racial brasileira.
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Matos CCDSA, Tourinho FSV. Saúde da População Negra: percepção de residentes e preceptores de Saúde da Família e Medicina de Família e Comunidade. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2018. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc13(40)1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de profissionais envolvidos nos programas de residência em Saúde da Família de Florianópolis, SC, Brasil, sobre a Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra (PNSIPN). Métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, com dados primários coletados por meio de questionário. Resultados: Observa-se que a maioria desses profissionais sabe da existência da PNSIPN e a considera importante, mas nunca a leu. Observa-se também a percepção de que políticas afirmativas tendem a reforçar a discriminação, mesmo quando todos os respondentes acreditam existir racismo no Brasil. A maioria dos residentes disse não conhecer o conceito de racismo institucional. Conclusão: A Residência revelou-se um processo formativo falho neste tema.
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Santos DC, Pizarro MH, Barros BSV, de Melo LGN, Porto LC, Silva DA, Gomes MB. Does ancestry influence health-related quality of life in type 1 diabetes patients? A nationwide study in Brazil. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:377-385. [PMID: 29397447 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-1096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between self-reported color/race and genomic ancestry with HRQoL of patients with type 1 diabetes in a highly admixed population. METHODS This was a nationwide, cross-sectional study conducted with 1760 patients with type 1 diabetes from 2011 to 2014 at public clinics in all five Brazilian geographical regions. Information on HRQoL was obtained from two self-completed questionnaires: Short Form-6 Dimensions (SF-6D) and EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) with a visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). Genomic ancestry was assessed using a Multiplex PCR methodology. Utility scores generated from the questionnaires were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS We included 1698 patients. Those patients who self-reported as black had lower EQ-VAS scores compared to the patients who self-reported as white (67.46 ± 18.45; 72.37 ± 16.44, respectively, p = 0.02). In a linear regression model, each 1% increase in African ancestry resulted in a 9.5 point decrease in EQ-VAS score (p < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic status and diabetes-related variables, African ancestry remained associated with lower EQ-VAS scores. CONCLUSION A higher level of African ancestry implicates on lower quality of life even after adjustments for sociodemographic and diabetes-related data. Gender, physical activity and diabetes-related microvascular complications were strongly associated with low HRQoL in all three questionnaires used. This fact highlights the importance of social aspects when assessing quality of life, as well as the need for regular practice of physical activity and prevention of chronic complications to improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Conte Santos
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77- 3º andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Haas Pizarro
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77- 3º andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Bianca S V Barros
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77- 3º andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Laura G Nunes de Melo
- Department of Ophthalmology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Cristovão Porto
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory (HLA), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayse A Silva
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), State University of Rio Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marilia Brito Gomes
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77- 3º andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study's objective is to examine differences in mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic adults with diabetes. DESIGN A secondary analysis of 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data was conducted. A total of 26 states participated in the 2014 BRFSS core and optional diabetes models (n = 17,923). HRQOL was measured by the number of mentally and physically unhealthy days during the past month, respectively. A series of regression models were developed to assess differences in HRQOL without and with inclusion of demographic (age, marital status, income, gender, and education) and diabetes-related (depression, sleep time, insulin use, complications, age of diabetes diagnosis, BMI, smoking, and exercise) factors. RESULTS In the fully adjusted models (inclusion of demographic and diabetes-related factors), non-Hispanic Whites had more mentally (β = 0.88, p = 0.03) and physically (β = 1.35, p = 0.01) unhealthy days per month compared to Hispanics. Non-Hispanic Blacks (β = 1.42, p < 0.01) also had more mentally unhealthy days per month in relation to Hispanics when adjusting for demographic and diabetes-related factors. Depression emerged as a potent predictor of mentally (β = 8.60; p < 0.0001) and physically (β = 4.43; p < 0.0001) unhealthy days in the multivariate models. CONCLUSION Non-Hispanic Black and White adults with diabetes may be more vulnerable to poor HRQOL compared to their Hispanic counterparts. Increased, widened application of diabetes interventions targeting depression appears warranted to improve HRQOL outcomes.
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Getting Comfortable with Discomfort: Preparing Counselor Trainees to Broach Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Factors with Clients during Counseling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-017-9308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Noh JW, Park H, Kim M, Kwon YD, Kim JS, Yu S. The Effects of Discrimination Experience on Life Satisfaction of North Korean Refugees: Mediating Effect of Stress. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:49-53. [PMID: 29422925 PMCID: PMC5795030 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2018.15.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the mediation effect of stress between the experience of discrimination and life satisfaction among North Korean refugees who resettled in South Korea. The findings of the current study provide empirical evidence for the need of social interventions to mitigate adverse effects of stress on North Korean refugees who are subject to social discrimination on a daily basis. METHODS In this study, we included 500 subjects among 2,138 North Korean refugees who took refuge in South Korea in 2007. The interview started from April 6th 2009 and finished on May 25th 2009. We conducted moderator effect analysis with Path analysis was conducted because we confirm the experience of discrimination was affected by life satisfaction and stress can affected life satisfaction as a moderator. RESULTS The experience of discrimination significantly affects stress and stress significantly affects life satisfaction. However, the experience of discrimination was not directly related to life satisfaction. The more stress the study respondents experienced, the lower the life satisfaction they reported. CONCLUSION The present finding suggests that the effects of discriminating experiences on the life satisfaction of North Korean refugees in South Korea were mediated by their own perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Noh
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Global Health Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hyunchun Park
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Dae Kwon
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine and Catholic Institute for Healthcare Management, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shieun Yu
- Clinical Trial Center, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mandalaywala TM, Amodio DM, Rhodes M. Essentialism promotes racial prejudice by increasing endorsement of social hierarchies. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2017; 9:461-469. [PMID: 33163145 DOI: 10.1177/1948550617707020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Why do essentialist beliefs promote prejudice? We proposed that essentialist beliefs increase prejudice toward Black people because they imply that existing social hierarchies reflect a naturally occurring structure. We tested this hypothesis in three studies (N = 621). Study 1 revealed that racial essentialism was associated with increased prejudice toward Blacks among both White and Black adult participants, suggesting that essentialism relates to prejudice according to social hierarchy rather than only to group membership. Studies 2 and 3 experimentally demonstrated that increasing essentialist beliefs induced stronger endorsement of social hierarchy in both Black and White participants, which in turn mediated the effect of essentialism on negative attitudes toward Black people. Together, these findings suggest that essentialism increases prejudice toward low status groups by increasing endorsement of social hierarchies and existing inequality.
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Reynolds AL, Sodano SM, Ecklund TR, Guyker W. Dimensions of Acculturation in Native American College Students. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0748175611428330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Elias A, Paradies Y. Estimating the mental health costs of racial discrimination. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1205. [PMID: 27899096 PMCID: PMC5129635 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Racial discrimination is a pervasive social problem in several advanced countries such as the U.S., U.K., and Australia. Public health research also indicates a range of associations between exposure to racial discrimination and negative health, particularly, mental health including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the direct negative health impact of racial discrimination has not been costed so far although economists have previously estimated indirect non-health related productivity costs. In this study, we estimate the burden of disease due to exposure to racial discrimination and measure the cost of this exposure. Methods Using prevalence surveys and data on the association of racial discrimination with health outcomes from a global meta-analysis, we apply a cost of illness method to measure the impact of racial discrimination. This estimate indicates the direct health cost attributable to racial discrimination and we convert the estimates to monetary values based on conventional parameters. Results Racial discrimination costs the Australian economy 235,452 in disability adjusted life years lost, equivalent to $37.9 billion per annum, roughly 3.02% of annual gross domestic product (GDP) over 2001–11, indicating a sizeable loss for the economy. Conclusion Substantial cost is incurred due to increased prevalence of racial discrimination as a result of its association with negative health outcomes (e.g. depression, anxiety and PTSD). This implies that potentially significant cost savings can be made through measures that target racial discrimination. Our research contributes to the debate on the social impact of racial discrimination, with implications for policies and efforts addressing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanuel Elias
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship & Globalization, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, 221 Burwood HWY, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Yin Paradies
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship & Globalization, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, 221 Burwood HWY, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Zhang T, Shi W, Huang Z, Gao D, Guo Z, Chongsuvivatwong V. Gender and ethnic health disparities among the elderly in rural Guangxi, China: estimating quality-adjusted life expectancy. Glob Health Action 2016; 9:32261. [PMID: 27814777 PMCID: PMC5097153 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v9.32261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethnic health inequalities for males and females among the elderly have not yet been verified in multicultural societies in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of disparities in health expectancy among the elderly from different ethnic groups using quality-adjusted life expectancy. Design A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted. A total of 6,511 rural elderly individuals aged ≥60 years were selected from eight different ethnic groups in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China and assessed for health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The HRQoL utility value was combined with life expectancy at age 60 years (LE60) data by using Sullivan's method to estimate quality-adjusted life expectancy at age 60 years (QALE60) and loss in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for each group. Results Overall, LE60 and QALE60 for all ethnic groups were 20.9 and 18.0 years in men, respectively, and 24.2 and 20.3 years in women. The maximum gap in QALE60 between ethnic groups was 3.3 years in males and 4.6 years in females. The average loss in QALY was 2.9 years for men and 3.8 years for women. The correlation coefficient between LE60 and QALY lost was −0.53 in males and 0.12 in females. Conclusion Women live longer than men, but they suffer more; men have a shorter life expectancy, but those who live longer are healthier. Attempts should be made to reduce suffering in the female elderly and improve longevity for men. Certain ethnic groups had low levels of QALE, needing special attention to improve their lifestyle and access to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Zhang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China.,Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wuxiang Shi
- Health Management Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Management, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Health Management Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Management, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Dong Gao
- Health Management Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Management, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhenyou Guo
- Health Management Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Management, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Danoff-Burg S, Prelow HM, Swenson RR. Hope and Life Satisfaction in Black College Students Coping With Race-Related Stress. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798403260725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This exploratory study examined the effects of hope and coping with race-related stress on life satisfaction in Black college students. Findings indicated that students with high hope had greater coping efficacy and used more problem-focused coping than students with low hope. Neither coping nor hope had a direct effect on life satisfaction. However, six of the nine Coping × Hope interactions were significant. Contrary to expectations, the pattern of interactions suggested that for students with high hope, life satisfaction was associated with less frequent use of active coping strategies, and for students with low hope, life satisfaction was associated with greater use of active coping strategies. We suggest future directions for research on the role of hope and coping in Black individuals dealing with race-related stress.
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Franklin-Jackson D, Carter RT. The Relationships Between Race-Related Stress, Racial Identity, and Mental Health for Black Americans. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798406295092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between race-related stress, racial identity, and mental health in a sample of 255 Black American adults. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that racial identity and race-related stress predicted mental health; however, racial identity accounted for more of the variance in mental health. These findings provide evidence that a person’s racial identity must be considered when understanding race-related stress and mental health. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
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Seaton EK. An Examination of the Factor Structure of the Index of Race-Related Stress among a Sample of African American Adolescents. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798403254211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the Index of Race-Related Stress (IRRS) was administered to a sample of urban African American adolescents. This instrument has been used among samples of adult and collegiate African Americans, and the purpose of the present study was to examine the factor structure of adolescent responses. The scale was modified and administered to a sample of 324 African American adolescents. The results provided empirical evidence of validity for the IRRS, particularly as a measure of race-related stress among adolescents. The measure required some modifications, which included deletion of items and rewording some questions to make them relevant for an adolescent sample. Future research should consider the assessment of race-related stress among adolescent samples to understand its association with mental and physical health.
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Jipguep MC, Sanders-Phillips K, Cotton L. Another Look at HIV in African American Women: The Impact of Psychosocial and Contextual Factors. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798404266048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study tested a conceptual model that integrates structural and psychological determinants of HIV prevention for African American women. The sample consisted of African American mothers (N = 129) of children in Head Start programs. Higher levels of perceived stress were associated with higher levels of HIV risk; higher levels of perceived racism were related to higher HIV prevention behavior. A combined psychological functioning score, representing levels of depression and anger, significantly moderated the relationships of perceived stress and racism to prevention behavior. This study confirms the importance of interactions between sociostructural factors and psychological factors as predictors of health behavioral outcomes and reinforces the need to examine the impact of structural factors on psychological functioning, perceived HIV risk, and HIV prevention behavior in African American women.
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50
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Vinson ES, Oser CB. Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation in African American Women With a History of Sexual Violence as a Minor. Violence Against Women 2016; 22:1770-1787. [PMID: 26933090 DOI: 10.1177/1077801216632614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compared with other ethnic groups, African Americans have the highest rate of childhood victimization. The literature is sparse with regard to suicidal ideation among African American women with a history of sexual violence as a minor. Using survey data, this study utilized logistic regression to investigate the roles of a risk factor, criminal justice involvement, and protective factors, ethnic identity, and spiritual well-being, in experiencing suicidal ideation. Findings suggest that criminal justice involvement and the interaction of ethnic identity and spiritual well-being are important factors in understanding which African American women may be at a greater risk of experiencing suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony S Vinson
- 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,2 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Carrie B Oser
- 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,2 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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