1
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Zhang C, Bo R, Zhou T, Chen N, Yuan Y. The raphe nuclei are the early lesion site of gastric α-synuclein propagation to the substantia nigra. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2057-2076. [PMID: 38799632 PMCID: PMC11119576 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegeneration disease with α-synuclein accumulated in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and most of the dopaminergic neurons are lost in SNpc while patients are diagnosed with PD. Exploring the pathology at an early stage contributes to the development of the disease-modifying strategy. Although the "gut-brain" hypothesis is proposed to explain the underlying mechanism, where the earlier lesioned site in the brain of gastric α-synuclein and how α-synuclein further spreads are not fully understood. Here we report that caudal raphe nuclei (CRN) are the early lesion site of gastric α-synuclein propagating through the spinal cord, while locus coeruleus (LC) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) were further affected over a time frame of 7 months. Pathological α-synuclein propagation via CRN leads to neuron loss and disordered neuron activity, accompanied by abnormal motor and non-motor behavior. Potential neuron circuits are observed among CRN, LC, and SNpc, which contribute to the venerability of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc. These results show that CRN is the key region for the gastric α-synuclein spread to the midbrain. Our study provides valuable details for the "gut-brain" hypothesis and proposes a valuable PD model for future research on early PD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiantian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuhe Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
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2
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Ozdemir E. Adrenergic receptor system as a pharmacological target in the treatment of epilepsy (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2024; 4:20. [PMID: 38476984 PMCID: PMC10928664 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2024.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex and common neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures, affecting ~75 million individuals worldwide. Numerous studies have been conducted to develop new pharmacological drugs for the effective treatment of epilepsy. In recent years, numerous experimental and clinical studies have focused on the role of the adrenergic receptor (AR) system in the regulation of epileptogenesis, seizure susceptibility and convulsions. α1-ARs (α1A, α1B and α1D), α2-ARs (α2A, α2B and α2C) and β-ARs (β1, β2 and β3), known to have convulsant or anticonvulsant effects, have been isolated. Norepinephrine (NE), the key endogenous agonist of ARs, is considered to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of epileptic seizures. However, the effects of NE on different ARs have not been fully elucidated. Although the activation of some AR subtypes produces conflicting results, the activation of α1, α2 and β receptor subtypes, in particular, produces anticonvulsant effects. The present review focuses on NE and ARs involved in epileptic seizure formation and discusses therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Ozdemir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
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3
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Abdul-Ridha A, de Zhang LA, Betrie AH, Deluigi M, Vaid TM, Whitehead A, Zhang Y, Davis B, Harris R, Simmonite H, Hubbard RE, Gooley PR, Plückthun A, Bathgate RA, Chalmers DK, Scott DJ. Identification of a Novel Subtype-Selective α 1B-Adrenoceptor Antagonist. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:671-684. [PMID: 38238043 PMCID: PMC10854767 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
α1A-, α1B-, and α1D-adrenoceptors (α1-ARs) are members of the adrenoceptor G protein-coupled receptor family that are activated by adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline. α1-ARs are clinically targeted using antagonists that have minimal subtype selectivity, such as prazosin and tamsulosin, to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia, respectively. Abundant expression of α1-ARs in the heart and central nervous system (CNS) makes these receptors potential targets for the treatment of cardiovascular and CNS disorders, such as heart failure, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. Our understanding of the precise physiological roles of α1-ARs, however, and their involvement in disease has been hindered by the lack of sufficiently subtype-selective tool compounds, especially for α1B-AR. Here, we report the discovery of 4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (Cpd1), as an α1B-AR antagonist that has 10-15-fold selectivity over α1A-AR and α1D-AR. Through computational and site-directed mutagenesis studies, we have identified the binding site of Cpd1 in α1B-AR and propose the molecular basis of α1B-AR selectivity, where the nonconserved V19745.52 residue plays a major role, with contributions from L3146.55 within the α1B-AR pocket. By exploring the structure-activity relationships of Cpd1 at α1B-AR, we have also identified 3-[(cyclohexylamino)methyl]-6-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (Cpd24), which has a stronger binding affinity than Cpd1, albeit with reduced selectivity for α1B-AR. Cpd1 and Cpd24 represent potential leads for α1B-AR-selective drug discovery and novel tool molecules to further study the physiology of α1-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abdul-Ridha
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lazarus A. de Zhang
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Mattia Deluigi
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tasneem M. Vaid
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Bio21
Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alice Whitehead
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhang
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ben Davis
- Vernalis
(R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K.
| | - Richard Harris
- Vernalis
(R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K.
| | | | - Roderick E. Hubbard
- Vernalis
(R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Paul R. Gooley
- The
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Bio21
Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ross A.D. Bathgate
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David K. Chalmers
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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4
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Chodari L, Ghasemi M, Mehranfard N. Alterations in expression of α1-adrenergic receptors possibly are involved in prevention of age-associated apoptosis in rat hippocampus by treadmill exercise. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:707-713. [PMID: 37428454 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise is assumed to attenuate age-related neuronal apoptosis, but the detailed mechanism(s) is not fully understood. α1-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) can either trigger or suppress apoptosis, therefore, here we determined the impact of treadmill exercise on the expression of the apoptosis regulatory proteins as well as α1-AR subtypes α1A- and α1B-ARs, in order to elucidate a possible association between apoptosis and the hippocampal expression of α1-ARs in aged male rats. METHODS Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=7): young control, aged sedentary, and aged + exercise. Western blot for α1A- and α1B-ARs as well as pro-(Bax and p53) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) proteins was conducted. An 8-week regular moderate-intensity treadmill exercise intervention was carried out in exercise group. RESULTS In aged rats, α1A-AR expression in the hippocampus was significantly increased, and exercise markedly prevented this event. While α1B-AR expression was no altered with aging, a marked reduction in α1B-AR level was detected in exercise group when compared to aged group. Furthermore, pro-apoptotic protein levels of Bax and p53 were upregulated and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 was downregulated in the aging hippocampus, but could be reversed by treadmill exercise. In the present research, exercise-induced reduction in α1A- and α1B-ARs was associated with an obvious downregulation of Bax/Bcl2 ratio in aged rats, suggesting that exercise may inhibit apoptosis through regulating α1-ARs, particularly α1A-AR. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that manipulations attenuating α1-AR activity, including nonselective α1-adrenergic antagonists, may protect against hippocampal neurodegeneration in aging brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mehranfard
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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5
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Perez DM. α 1-Adrenergic Receptors: Insights into Potential Therapeutic Opportunities for COVID-19, Heart Failure, and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4188. [PMID: 36835598 PMCID: PMC9963459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are members of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor superfamily and with other related receptors (β and α2), they are involved in regulating the sympathetic nervous system through binding and activation by norepinephrine and epinephrine. Traditionally, α1-AR antagonists were first used as anti-hypertensives, as α1-AR activation increases vasoconstriction, but they are not a first-line use at present. The current usage of α1-AR antagonists increases urinary flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia. α1-AR agonists are used in septic shock, but the increased blood pressure response limits use for other conditions. However, with the advent of genetic-based animal models of the subtypes, drug design of highly selective ligands, scientists have discovered potentially newer uses for both agonists and antagonists of the α1-AR. In this review, we highlight newer treatment potential for α1A-AR agonists (heart failure, ischemia, and Alzheimer's disease) and non-selective α1-AR antagonists (COVID-19/SARS, Parkinson's disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder). While the studies reviewed here are still preclinical in cell lines and rodent disease models or have undergone initial clinical trials, potential therapeutics discussed here should not be used for non-approved conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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6
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Tseng FS, Foo JQX, Mai AS, Tan EK. The genetic basis of multiple system atrophy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:104. [PMID: 36765380 PMCID: PMC9912584 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a heterogenous, uniformly fatal neurodegenerative ɑ-synucleinopathy. Patients present with varying degrees of dysautonomia, parkinsonism, cerebellar dysfunction, and corticospinal degeneration. The underlying pathophysiology is postulated to arise from aberrant ɑ-synuclein deposition, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Although MSA is regarded as a primarily sporadic disease, there is a possible genetic component that is poorly understood. This review summarizes current literature on genetic risk factors and potential pathogenic genes and loci linked to both sporadic and familial MSA, and underlines the biological mechanisms that support the role of genetics in MSA. We discuss a broad range of genes that have been associated with MSA including genes related to Parkinson's disease (PD), oxidative stress, inflammation, and tandem gene repeat expansions, among several others. Furthermore, we highlight various genetic polymorphisms that modulate MSA risk, including complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, which influence the disease phenotype and have clinical significance in both presentation and prognosis. Deciphering the exact mechanism of how MSA can result from genetic aberrations in both experimental and clinical models will facilitate the identification of novel pathophysiologic clues, and pave the way for translational research into the development of disease-modifying therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shuen Tseng
- grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Division of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel Qi Xuan Foo
- grid.276809.20000 0004 0636 696XDepartment of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron Shengting Mai
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 169856, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Chen J, Campbell AP, Wakelin LPG, Finch AM. Characterisation of bis(4-aminoquinoline)s as α 1A adrenoceptor allosteric modulators. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 916:174659. [PMID: 34871559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of sub-type selective α1 adrenoceptor ligands has been hampered by the high sequence similarity of the amino acids forming the orthosteric binding pocket of the three α1 adrenoceptor subtypes, along with other biogenic amine receptors. One possible approach to overcome this issue is to target allosteric sites on the α1 adrenoceptors. Previous docking studies suggested that one of the quinoline moieties of a bis(4-aminoquinoline), comprising a 9-carbon methylene linker attached via the amine groups, could interact with residues outside of the orthosteric binding site while, simultaneously, the other quinoline moiety bound within the orthosteric site. We therefore hypothesized that this compound could act in a bitopic manner, displaying both orthosteric and allosteric binding properties. To test this proposition, we investigated the allosteric activity of a series of bis(4-aminoquinoline)s with linker lengths ranging from 2 to 12 methylene units (designated C2-C12). A linear trend of increasing [3H]prazosin dissociation rate with increasing linker length between C7 and C11 was observed, confirming their action as allosteric modulators. These data suggest that the optimal linker length for the bis(4-aminoquinoline)s to occupy the allosteric site of the α1A adrenoceptor is between 7 and 11 methylene units. In addition, the ability of C9 bis(4-aminoquinoline) to modulate the activation of the α1A adrenoceptor by norepinephrine was subsequently examined, showing that C9 acted as a non-competitive antagonist. Our findings indicate that the bis(4-aminoquinolines) are acting as allosteric modulators of orthosteric ligand binding, but not efficacy, in a bitopic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Adrian P Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Laurence P G Wakelin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Angela M Finch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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8
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Hoffmeister JD, Kelm-Nelson CA, Ciucci MR. Quantification of brainstem norepinephrine relative to vocal impairment and anxiety in the Pink1-/- rat model of Parkinson disease. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113514. [PMID: 34358571 PMCID: PMC8393386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vocal communication impairment and anxiety are co-occurring and interacting signs of Parkinson Disease (PD) that are common, poorly understood, and under-treated. Both vocal communication and anxiety are influenced by the noradrenergic system. In light of this shared neural substrate and considering that noradrenergic dysfunction is a defining characteristic of PD, tandem investigation of vocal impairment and anxiety in PD relative to noradrenergic mechanisms is likely to yield insights into the underlying disease-specific causes of these impairments. In order to address this gap in knowledge, we assessed vocal impairment and anxiety behavior relative to brainstem noradrenergic markers in a genetic rat model of early-onset PD (Pink1-/-) and wild type controls (WT). We hypothesized that 1) brainstem noradrenergic markers would be disrupted in Pink1-/-, and 2) brainstem noradrenergic markers would be associated with vocal acoustic changes and anxiety level. Rats underwent testing of ultrasonic vocalization and anxiety (elevated plus maze) at 4, 8, and 12 months of age. At 12 months, brainstem norepinephrine markers were quantified with immunohistochemistry. Results demonstrated that vocal impairment and anxiety were increased in Pink1-/- rats, and increased anxiety was associated with greater vocal deficit in this model of PD. Further, brainstem noradrenergic markers including TH and α1 adrenoreceptor immunoreactivity in the locus coeruleus, and β1 adrenoreceptor immunoreactivity in vagal nuclei differed by genotype, and were associated with vocalization and anxiety behavior. These findings demonstrate statistically significant relationships among vocal impairment, anxiety, and brainstem norepinephrine in the Pink1-/- rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Hoffmeister
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA.
| | - Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA.
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 9531 WIMR II, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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9
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Perez DM. Targeting Adrenergic Receptors in Metabolic Therapies for Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5783. [PMID: 34071350 PMCID: PMC8198887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has a reduced capacity to generate sufficient energy when failing, resulting in an energy-starved condition with diminished functions. Studies have identified numerous changes in metabolic pathways in the failing heart that result in reduced oxidation of both glucose and fatty acid substrates, defects in mitochondrial functions and oxidative phosphorylation, and inefficient substrate utilization for the ATP that is produced. Recent early-phase clinical studies indicate that inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation and antioxidants that target the mitochondria may improve heart function during failure by increasing compensatory glucose oxidation. Adrenergic receptors (α1 and β) are a key sympathetic nervous system regulator that controls cardiac function. β-AR blockers are an established treatment for heart failure and α1A-AR agonists have potential therapeutic benefit. Besides regulating inotropy and chronotropy, α1- and β-adrenergic receptors also regulate metabolic functions in the heart that underlie many cardiac benefits. This review will highlight recent studies that describe how adrenergic receptor-mediated metabolic pathways may be able to restore cardiac energetics to non-failing levels that may offer promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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10
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Perez DM. Current Developments on the Role of α 1-Adrenergic Receptors in Cognition, Cardioprotection, and Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652152. [PMID: 34113612 PMCID: PMC8185284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are G-protein coupled receptors that bind the endogenous catecholamines, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. They play a key role in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system along with β and α2-AR family members. While all of the adrenergic receptors bind with similar affinity to the catecholamines, they can regulate different physiologies and pathophysiologies in the body because they couple to different G-proteins and signal transduction pathways, commonly in opposition to one another. While α1-AR subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1C) have long been known to be primary regulators of vascular smooth muscle contraction, blood pressure, and cardiac hypertrophy, their role in neurotransmission, improving cognition, protecting the heart during ischemia and failure, and regulating whole body and organ metabolism are not well known and are more recent developments. These advancements have been made possible through the development of transgenic and knockout mouse models and more selective ligands to advance their research. Here, we will review the recent literature to provide new insights into these physiological functions and possible use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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11
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Chmielarz P, Kuśmierczyk J, Rafa-Zabłocka K, Chorązka K, Kowalska M, Satała G, Nalepa I. Antidepressants Differentially Regulate Intracellular Signaling from α1-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094817. [PMID: 34062902 PMCID: PMC8124549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently utilized antidepressants have limited effectiveness and frequently incur undesired effects. Most antidepressants are thought to act via the inhibition of monoamine reuptake; however, direct binding to monoaminergic receptors has been proposed to contribute to both their clinical effectiveness and their side effects, or lack thereof. Among the target receptors of antidepressants, α1‑adrenergic receptors (ARs) have been implicated in depression etiology, antidepressant action, and side effects. However, differences in the direct effects of antidepressants on signaling from the three subtypes of α1-ARs, namely, α1A-, α1B- and α1D‑ARs, have been little explored. We utilized cell lines overexpressing α1A-, α1B- or α1D-ARs to investigate the effects of the antidepressants imipramine (IMI), desipramine (DMI), mianserin (MIA), reboxetine (REB), citalopram (CIT) and fluoxetine (FLU) on noradrenaline-induced second messenger generation by those receptors. We found similar orders of inhibition at α1A-AR (IMI < DMI < CIT < MIA < REB) and α1D‑AR (IMI = DMI < CIT < MIA), while the α1B-AR subtype was the least engaged subtype and was inhibited with low potency by three drugs (MIA < IMI = DMI). In contrast to their direct antagonistic effects, prolonged incubation with IMI and DMI increased the maximal response of the α1B-AR subtype, and the CIT of both the α1A- and the α1B-ARs. Our data demonstrate a complex, subtype-specific modulation of α1-ARs by antidepressants of different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Chmielarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (P.C.); (J.K.); (K.R.-Z.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Justyna Kuśmierczyk
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (P.C.); (J.K.); (K.R.-Z.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Rafa-Zabłocka
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (P.C.); (J.K.); (K.R.-Z.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Chorązka
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (P.C.); (J.K.); (K.R.-Z.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Kowalska
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (P.C.); (J.K.); (K.R.-Z.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Irena Nalepa
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (P.C.); (J.K.); (K.R.-Z.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-6623225
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Alluri SR, Kim SW, Volkow ND, Kil KE. PET Radiotracers for CNS-Adrenergic Receptors: Developments and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174017. [PMID: 32899124 PMCID: PMC7504810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) play diverse roles in our body’s physiology. In addition to their role in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), E/NE systems including their receptors are critical to the central nervous system (CNS) and to mental health. Various antipsychotics, antidepressants, and psychostimulants exert their influence partially through different subtypes of adrenergic receptors (ARs). Despite the potential of pharmacological applications and long history of research related to E/NE systems, research efforts to identify the roles of ARs in the human brain taking advantage of imaging have been limited by the lack of subtype specific ligands for ARs and brain penetrability issues. This review provides an overview of the development of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for in vivo imaging of AR system in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Reddy Alluri
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5110, USA;
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA;
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA;
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.V.); (K.-E.K.); Tel.: +1-(301)-443-6480 (N.D.V.); +1-(573)-884-7885 (K.-E.K.)
| | - Kun-Eek Kil
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5110, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.V.); (K.-E.K.); Tel.: +1-(301)-443-6480 (N.D.V.); +1-(573)-884-7885 (K.-E.K.)
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13
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Perez-Zoghbi JF, Zhu W, Neudecker V, Grafe MR, Brambrink AM. Neurotoxicity of sub-anesthetic doses of sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine co-administration in neonatal rats. Neurotoxicology 2020; 79:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nasrin Faraji, Shiravi A, Bahari Z, Shirvani H, Meftahi GH. Basolateral Amygdala α1-Adrenergic Receptor Suppression Attenuates Stress-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Spine Morphology Impairment on Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Akinaga J, García‐Sáinz JA, S. Pupo A. Updates in the function and regulation of α 1 -adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2343-2357. [PMID: 30740663 PMCID: PMC6592863 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α1 -Adrenoceptors are seven transmembrane domain GPCRs involved in numerous physiological functions controlled by the endogenous catecholamines, noradrenaline and adrenaline, and targeted by drugs useful in therapeutics. Three separate genes, whose products are named α1A -, α1B -, and α1D - adrenoceptors, encode these receptors. Although the existence of multiple α1 -adrenoceptors has been acknowledged for almost 25 years, the specific functions regulated by each subtype are still largely unknown. Despite the limited comprehension, the identification of a single class of subtype-selective ligands for the α1A - adrenoceptors, the so-called α-blockers for prostate dysfunction, has led to major improvement in therapeutics, demonstrating the need for continued efforts in the field. This review article surveys the tissue distribution of the three α1 -adrenoceptor subtypes in the cardiovascular system, genitourinary system, and CNS, highlighting the functions already identified as mediated by the predominant activation of specific subtypes. In addition, this review covers the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of each of the α1 -adrenoceptor subtypes by phosphorylation and interaction with proteins involved in their desensitization and internalization. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors-New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Akinaga
- Department of PharmacologyInstituto de Biociências, UNESPBotucatuBrazil
| | - J. Adolfo García‐Sáinz
- Instituto de Fisiología CelularUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - André S. Pupo
- Department of PharmacologyInstituto de Biociências, UNESPBotucatuBrazil
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16
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Ferrucci M, Limanaqi F, Ryskalin L, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Fornai F. The Effects of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine on the Release of Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Acetylcholine From the Brainstem Reticular Formation. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:48. [PMID: 31133823 PMCID: PMC6524618 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) and methamphetamine (METH) are widely abused psychostimulants, which produce a variety of psychomotor, autonomic and neurotoxic effects. The behavioral and neurotoxic effects of both compounds (from now on defined as AMPHs) stem from a fair molecular and anatomical specificity for catecholamine-containing neurons, which are placed in the brainstem reticular formation (RF). In fact, the structural cross-affinity joined with the presence of shared molecular targets between AMPHs and catecholamine provides the basis for a quite selective recruitment of brainstem catecholamine neurons following AMPHs administration. A great amount of investigations, commentary manuscripts and books reported a pivotal role of mesencephalic dopamine (DA)-containing neurons in producing behavioral and neurotoxic effects of AMPHs. Instead, the present review article focuses on catecholamine reticular neurons of the low brainstem. In fact, these nuclei add on DA mesencephalic cells to mediate the effects of AMPHs. Among these, we also include two pontine cholinergic nuclei. Finally, we discuss the conundrum of a mixed neuronal population, which extends from the pons to the periaqueductal gray (PAG). In this way, a number of reticular nuclei beyond classic DA mesencephalic cells are considered to extend the scenario underlying the neurobiology of AMPHs abuse. The mechanistic approach followed here to describe the action of AMPHs within the RF is rooted on the fine anatomy of this region of the brainstem. This is exemplified by a few medullary catecholamine neurons, which play a pivotal role compared with the bulk of peripheral sympathetic neurons in sustaining most of the cardiovascular effects induced by AMPHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ferrucci
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fiona Limanaqi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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17
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Williams LM, He X, Vaid TM, Abdul‐Ridha A, Whitehead AR, Gooley PR, Bathgate RA, Williams SJ, Scott DJ. Diazepam is not a direct allosteric modulator of α 1-adrenoceptors, but modulates receptor signaling by inhibiting phosphodiesterase-4. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00455. [PMID: 30619611 PMCID: PMC6306559 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α1A- and α1B-adrenoceptors (ARs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by adrenaline and noradrenaline to modulate smooth muscle contraction in the periphery, and neuronal outputs in the central nervous system (CNS). α1A- and α1B-AR are clinically targeted with antagonists for hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia and are emerging CNS targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases. The benzodiazepines midazolam, diazepam, and lorazepam are proposed to be positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of α1-ARs. Here, using thermostabilized, purified, α1A- and α1B-ARs, we sought to identify the benzodiazepine binding site and modulatory mechanism to inform the design of selective PAMs. However, using a combination of biophysical approaches no evidence was found for direct binding of several benzodiazepines to purified, stabilized α1A- and α1B-ARs. Similarly, in cell-based assays expressing unmodified α1A- and α1B-ARs, benzodiazepine treatment had no effect on fluorescent ligand binding, agonist-stimulated Ca2+ release, or G protein activation. In contrast, several benzodiazepines positively modulated phenylephrine stimulation of a cAMP response element pathway by α1A- and α1B-ARs; however, this was shown to be caused by off-target inhibition of phosphodiesterases, known targets of diazepam. This study highlights how purified, stabilized GPCRs are useful for validating allosteric ligand binding and that care needs to be taken before assigning new targets to benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Williams
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Xiaoji He
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Tasneem M. Vaid
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Alaa Abdul‐Ridha
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Alice R. Whitehead
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Paul R. Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Ross A.D. Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
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18
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Sagratini G, Buccioni M, Marucci G, Poggesi E, Skorski M, Costanzi S, Giardinà D. Chiral analogues of (+)-cyclazosin as potent α 1B-adrenoceptor selective antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3502-3513. [PMID: 29784274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
(+)-Cyclazosin [(+)-1] is one of most selective antagonists of the α1B-adrenoceptor subtype (selectivity ratios, α1B/α1A = 13, α1B/α1D = 38-39). To improve the selectivity, we synthesized and pharmacologically studied the blocking activity against α1-adrenoceptors of several homochiral analogues of (+)-cyclazosin featuring different substituents on the carbonyl or amine groups, namely (-)-2, (+)-3, (-)-4-(-)-8, (+)-9. Moreover, we studied the activity of some their opposite enantiomers, namely (-)-1, (-)-3, (+)-6, and (-)-9, to evaluate the influence of stereochemistry on selectivity. The benzyloxycarbonyl and methyl (4aS,8aR) analogues (+)-3 and (-)-6 improved in a significant way the α1B selectivity of the progenitor compound: 4 and 14 time vs. the α1D subtype and 35 and 77 times vs. the α1A subtype, respectively. The study confirmed the importance of the hydrophobic cis-octahydroquinoxaline moiety of these molecules for the establishment of interactions with the α1-adrenoceptors as well that of their (4aS,8aR) stereochemistry to grant selectivity for the α1B subtype. Hypotheses on the mode of interaction of these compounds were advanced on the basis of molecular modeling studies performed on compound (+)-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Sagratini
- Scuola in Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Michela Buccioni
- Scuola in Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- Scuola in Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Elena Poggesi
- Drug Discovery Division, Recordati SpA, Via Civitali 1, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | - Matthew Skorski
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Stefano Costanzi
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Dario Giardinà
- Scuola in Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Ghasemi M, Mehranfard N. Mechanisms underlying anticonvulsant and proconvulsant actions of norepinephrine. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:297-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Mitrano DA, Jackson K, Finley S, Seeley A. α1b-Adrenergic Receptor Localization and Relationship to the D1-Dopamine Receptor in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens. Neuroscience 2018; 371:126-137. [PMID: 29229557 PMCID: PMC5809204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The α1-adrenergic receptors (α1ARs) have been implicated in numerous actions of the brain, including attention and wakefulness. Additionally, they have been identified as contributing to disorders of the brain, such as drug addiction, and recent work has shown a role of these receptors in relapse to psychostimulants. While some functionality is known, the actual subcellular localization of the subtypes of the α1ARs remains to be elucidated. Further, their anatomical relationship to receptors for other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA), remains unclear. Therefore, using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy techniques, this study describes the subcellular localization of the α1b-adrenergic receptor (α1bAR), the subtype most tied to relapse behaviors, as well as its relationship to the D1-dopamine receptor (D1R) in both the shell and core of the rat nucleus accumbens (NAc). Overall, α1bARs were found in unmyelinated axons and axon terminals with some labeling in dendrites. In accordance with other studies of the striatum, the D1R was found mainly in dendrites and spines; therefore, colocalization of the D1R with the α1bAR was rare postsynaptically. However, in the NAc shell, when the receptors were co-expressed in the same neuronal elements there was a trend for both receptors to be found on the plasma membrane, as opposed to the intracellular compartment. This study provides valuable anatomical information about the α1bAR and its relationship to the D1R and the regulation of DA and norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmission in the brain which have been examined previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene A Mitrano
- Department of Molecular Biology & Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States.
| | - Kelsey Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biology & Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States.
| | - Samantha Finley
- Program in Neuroscience, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States.
| | - Allison Seeley
- Program in Neuroscience, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States.
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Harris DA, Park JM, Lee KS, Xu C, Stella N, Hague C. Label-Free Dynamic Mass Redistribution Reveals Low-Density, Prosurvival α1B-Adrenergic Receptors in Human SW480 Colon Carcinoma Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:219-228. [PMID: 28196836 PMCID: PMC5399639 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that target the adrenergic family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) show promising therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of various cancers. In this study, we report that human colon cancer cell line SW480 expresses low-density functional α1B-adrenergic receptors (ARs) as revealed by label-free dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) signaling technology and confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Remarkably, although endogenous α1B-ARs are not detectable via either [3H]-prazosin-binding analysis or phosphoinositol hydrolysis assays, their activation leads to robust DMR and enhanced cell viability. We provide pharmacological evidence that stimulation of α1B-ARs enhances SW480 cell viability without affecting proliferation, whereas stimulating β-ARs diminishes both viability and proliferation of SW480 cells. Our study illustrates the power of label-free DMR technology for identifying and characterizing low-density GPCRs in cells and suggests that drugs targeting both α1B- and β-ARs may represent valuable small-molecule therapeutics for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorathy-Ann Harris
- Departments of Pharmacology (D.-A.H., J.-M.P., K.-S.L., C.X., N.S., C.H.) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (C.X., N.S.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ji-Min Park
- Departments of Pharmacology (D.-A.H., J.-M.P., K.-S.L., C.X., N.S., C.H.) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (C.X., N.S.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kyung-Soon Lee
- Departments of Pharmacology (D.-A.H., J.-M.P., K.-S.L., C.X., N.S., C.H.) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (C.X., N.S.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cong Xu
- Departments of Pharmacology (D.-A.H., J.-M.P., K.-S.L., C.X., N.S., C.H.) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (C.X., N.S.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nephi Stella
- Departments of Pharmacology (D.-A.H., J.-M.P., K.-S.L., C.X., N.S., C.H.) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (C.X., N.S.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chris Hague
- Departments of Pharmacology (D.-A.H., J.-M.P., K.-S.L., C.X., N.S., C.H.) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (C.X., N.S.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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22
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Lynch JJ, Van Vleet TR, Mittelstadt SW, Blomme EAG. Potential functional and pathological side effects related to off-target pharmacological activity. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 87:108-126. [PMID: 28216264 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most pharmaceutical companies test their discovery-stage proprietary molecules in a battery of in vitro pharmacology assays to try to determine off-target interactions. During all phases of drug discovery and development, various questions arise regarding potential side effects associated with such off-target pharmacological activity. Here we present a scientific literature curation effort undertaken to determine and summarize the most likely functional and pathological outcomes associated with interactions at 70 receptors, enzymes, ion channels and transporters with established links to adverse effects. To that end, the scientific literature was reviewed using an on-line database, and the most commonly reported effects were summarized in tabular format. The resultant table should serve as a practical guide for research scientists and clinical investigators for the prediction and interpretation of adverse side effects associated with molecules interacting with components of this screening battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lynch
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | | | | | - Eric A G Blomme
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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23
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Shi T, Papay RS, Perez DM. The role of α 1-adrenergic receptors in regulating metabolism: increased glucose tolerance, leptin secretion and lipid oxidation. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:124-132. [PMID: 27277698 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2016.1193522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) and their subtypes in metabolism is not well known. Most previous studies were performed before the advent of transgenic mouse models and utilized transformed cell lines and poorly selective antagonists. We have now studied the metabolic regulation of the α1A- and α1B-AR subtypes in vivo using knock-out (KO) and transgenic mice that express a constitutively active mutant (CAM) form of the receptor, assessing subtype-selective functions. CAM mice increased glucose tolerance while KO mice display impaired glucose tolerance. CAM mice increased while KO decreased glucose uptake into white fat tissue and skeletal muscle with the CAM α1A-AR showing selective glucose uptake into the heart. Using indirect calorimetry, both CAM mice demonstrated increased whole body fatty acid oxidation, while KO mice preferentially oxidized carbohydrate. CAM α1A-AR mice displayed significantly decreased fasting plasma triglycerides and glucose levels while α1A-AR KO displayed increased levels of triglycerides and glucose. Both CAM mice displayed increased plasma levels of leptin while KO mice decreased leptin levels. Most metabolic effects were more efficacious with the α1A-AR subtype. Our results suggest that stimulation of α1-ARs results in a favorable metabolic profile of increased glucose tolerance, cardiac glucose uptake, leptin secretion and increased whole body lipid metabolism that may contribute to its previously recognized cardioprotective and neuroprotective benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Robert S Papay
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Dianne M Perez
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
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Alpha1-Adrenoceptor Antagonists Improve Memory by Activating N-methyl-D-Aspartate-Induced Ion Currents in the Rat Hippocampus. Int Neurourol J 2016; 19:228-36. [PMID: 26739177 PMCID: PMC4703930 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2015.19.4.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alpha1 (α1)-adrenoceptor antagonists are widely used to treat lower urinary tract symptoms. These drugs not only act on peripheral tissues, but also cross the blood-brain barrier and affect the central nervous system. Therefore, α1-adrenoceptor antagonists may enhance brain functions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of tamsulosin, an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, on short-term memory, as well as spatial learning and memory, in rats. METHODS The step-down avoidance test was used to evaluate short-term memory, and an eight-arm radial maze test was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) staining was performed in order to evaluate the effect of tamsulosin on apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Patch clamp recordings were used to evaluate the effect of tamsulosin on ionotropic glutamate receptors, such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA), and kainate receptors, in hippocampal CA1 neurons. RESULTS Tamsulosin treatment improved short-term memory, as well as spatial learning and memory, without altering apoptosis. The amplitudes of NMDA-induced ion currents were dose-dependently increased by tamsulosin. However, the amplitudes of AMPA- and kainate-induced ion currents were not affected by tamsulosin. CONCLUSIONS Tamsulosin enhanced memory function by activating NMDA receptor-mediated ion currents in the hippocampus without initiating apoptosis. The present study suggests the possibility of using tamsulosin to enhance memory under normal conditions, in addition to its use in treating overactive bladder.
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25
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Horvat A, Zorec R, Vardjan N. Adrenergic stimulation of single rat astrocytes results in distinct temporal changes in intracellular Ca(2+) and cAMP-dependent PKA responses. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:156-63. [PMID: 26794933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During the arousal and startle response, locus coeruleus neurons, innervating practically all brain regions, release catecholamine noradrenaline, which reaches neural brain cells, including astrocytes. These glial cells respond to noradrenergic stimulation by simultaneous activation of the α- and β-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in the plasma membrane with increasing cytosolic levels of Ca(2+) and cAMP, respectively. AR-activation controls a myriad of processes in astrocytes including glucose metabolism, gliosignal vesicle homeostasis, gene transcription, cell morphology and antigen-presenting functions, all of which have distinct temporal characteristics. It is known from biochemical studies that Ca(2+) and cAMP signals in astrocytes can interact, however it is presently unclear whether the temporal properties of the two second messengers are time associated upon AR-activation. We used confocal microscopy to study AR agonist-induced intracellular changes in Ca(2+) and cAMP in single cultured cortical rat astrocytes by real-time monitoring of the Ca(2+) indicator Fluo4-AM and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based nanosensor A-kinase activity reporter 2 (AKAR2), which reports the activity of cAMP via its downstream effector protein kinase A (PKA). The results revealed that the activation of α1-ARs by phenylephrine triggers periodic (phasic) Ca(2+) oscillations within 10s, while the activation of β-ARs by isoprenaline leads to a ∼10-fold slower tonic rise to a plateau in cAMP/PKA activity devoid of oscillations. Thus the concomitant activation of α- and β-ARs triggers the Ca(2+) and cAMP second messenger systems in astrocytes with distinct temporal properties, which appears to be tailored to regulate downstream effectors in different time domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anemari Horvat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Shi T, Papay RS, Perez DM. α1A-Adrenergic receptor prevents cardiac ischemic damage through PKCδ/GLUT1/4-mediated glucose uptake. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:261-70. [PMID: 26832303 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1091475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While α(1)-adrenergic receptors (ARs) have been previously shown to limit ischemic cardiac damage, the mechanisms remain unclear. Most previous studies utilized low oxygen conditions in addition to ischemic buffers with glucose deficiencies, but we discovered profound differences if the two conditions are separated. We assessed both mouse neonatal and adult myocytes and HL-1 cells in a series of assays assessing ischemic damage under hypoxic or low glucose conditions. We found that α(1)-AR stimulation protected against increased lactate dehydrogenase release or Annexin V(+) apoptosis under conditions that were due to low glucose concentration not to hypoxia. The α(1)-AR antagonist prazosin or nonselective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors blocked the protective effect. α(1)-AR stimulation increased (3)H-deoxyglucose uptake that was blocked with either an inhibitor to glucose transporter 1 or 4 (GLUT1 or GLUT4) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against PKCδ. GLUT1/4 inhibition also blocked α(1)-AR-mediated protection from apoptosis. The PKC inhibitor rottlerin or siRNA against PKCδ blocked α(1)-AR stimulated GLUT1 or GLUT4 plasma membrane translocation. α(1)-AR stimulation increased plasma membrane concentration of either GLUT1 or GLUT4 in a time-dependent fashion. Transgenic mice overexpressing the α(1A)-AR but not α(1B)-AR mice displayed increased glucose uptake and increased GLUT1 and GLUT4 plasma membrane translocation in the adult heart while α(1A)-AR but not α(1B)-AR knockout mice displayed lowered glucose uptake and GLUT translocation. Our results suggest that α(1)-AR activation is anti-apoptotic and protective during cardiac ischemia due to glucose deprivation and not hypoxia by enhancing glucose uptake into the heart via PKCδ-mediated GLUT translocation that may be specific to the α(1A)-AR subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Robert S Papay
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Dianne M Perez
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
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Hayashi R, Ohmori E, Moriwaki M, Kumagai H, Isogaya M. Indolylpiperidine derivatives as potent and selective α1B adrenoceptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3921-3. [PMID: 26238322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel indolylpiperidine derivatives were synthesized, and their pharmacological profiles were assessed at rat α1A and α1B adrenoceptors through in vitro binding studies. Compound 12 (2-(3-(4-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) was a potent α1B adrenoceptor antagonist (Ki=0.61 nM) and was about 40-fold more selective for the α1B adrenoceptor than for the α1A adrenoceptor. In addition, useful structure-activity relationship information was acquired for further improving selectivity for the α1B adrenoceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Hayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan.
| | - Eiji Ohmori
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Moriwaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kumagai
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Masafumi Isogaya
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
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28
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Stefanova N, Wenning GK. Animal models of multiple system atrophy. Clin Auton Res 2015; 25:9-17. [PMID: 25585910 PMCID: PMC4412689 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-014-0266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since their introduction in 1996, animal models of multiple system atrophy (MSA) have generated important insights into pathogenesis and interventional therapies. Toxin and genetic approaches have been used alone or in combination to replicate progressive motor and non-motor symptoms reflecting human neuropathology. Here, we review these developments and discuss the advantages and limitations of the MSA animal models, as well as their application in preclinical target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria,
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29
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Krismer F, Kuzdas D, Colosimo C, Stefanova N, Wenning GK. Animal Models of Multiple-System Atrophy. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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30
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Modeling Disorders of Movement. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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31
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Collette KM, Zhou XD, Amoth HM, Lyons MJ, Papay RS, Sens DA, Perez DM, Doze VA. Long-term α1B-adrenergic receptor activation shortens lifespan, while α1A-adrenergic receptor stimulation prolongs lifespan in association with decreased cancer incidence. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9675. [PMID: 24994537 PMCID: PMC4150908 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The α1-adrenergic receptor (α1AR) subtypes, α1AAR and α1BAR, have differential effects in the heart and central nervous system. Long-term stimulation of the α1AAR subtype prolongs lifespan and provides cardio- and neuro-protective effects. We examined the lifespan of constitutively active mutant (CAM)-α1BAR mice and the incidence of cancer in mice expressing the CAM form of either the α1AAR (CAM-α1AAR mice) or α1BAR. CAM-α1BAR mice have a significantly shortened lifespan when compared with wild-type (WT) animals; however, the effect was sex dependent. Female CAM-α1BAR mice lived significantly shorter lives, while the median lifespan of male CAM-α1BAR mice was not different when compared with that of WT animals. There was no difference in the incidence of cancer in either sex of CAM-α1BAR mice. The incidence of cancer was significantly decreased in CAM-α1AAR mice when compared with that in WT, and no sex-dependent effects were observed. Further study is warranted on cancer incidence after activation of each α1AR subtype and the effect of sex on lifespan following activation of the α1BAR. The implications of a decrease in cancer incidence following long-term α1AAR stimulation could lead to improved treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Collette
- />Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 N. Columbia Rd., Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Xu Dong Zhou
- />Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Haley M. Amoth
- />Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 N. Columbia Rd., Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Mariaha J. Lyons
- />Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 N. Columbia Rd., Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Robert S. Papay
- />Department of Molecular Cardiology, The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Donald A. Sens
- />Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Dianne M. Perez
- />Department of Molecular Cardiology, The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Van A. Doze
- />Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 N. Columbia Rd., Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
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Kuzdas-Wood D, Stefanova N, Jellinger KA, Seppi K, Schlossmacher MG, Poewe W, Wenning GK. Towards translational therapies for multiple system atrophy. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 118:19-35. [PMID: 24598411 PMCID: PMC4068324 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder of uncertain etiopathogenesis manifesting with autonomic failure, parkinsonism, and ataxia in any combination. The underlying neuropathology affects central autonomic, striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar pathways and it is associated with distinctive glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs, Papp-Lantos bodies) that contain aggregates of α-synuclein. Current treatment options are very limited and mainly focused on symptomatic relief, whereas disease modifying options are lacking. Despite extensive testing, no neuroprotective drug treatment has been identified up to now; however, a neurorestorative approach utilizing autologous mesenchymal stem cells has shown remarkable beneficial effects in the cerebellar variant of MSA. Here, we review the progress made over the last decade in defining pathogenic targets in MSA and summarize insights gained from candidate disease-modifying interventions that have utilized a variety of well-established preclinical MSA models. We also discuss the current limitations that our field faces and suggest solutions for possible approaches in cause-directed therapies of MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kuzdas-Wood
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- Divisions of Neuroscience and Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, RGH #1412, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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α1-Adrenergic receptor subtypes in the central nervous system: insights from genetically engineered mouse models. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:1489-97. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Ferrucci M, Giorgi FS, Bartalucci A, Busceti CL, Fornai F. The effects of locus coeruleus and norepinephrine in methamphetamine toxicity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:80-94. [PMID: 23814540 PMCID: PMC3580794 DOI: 10.2174/157015913804999522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons has been extensively investigated in a variety of behavioural states. In fact this norepinephrine (NE)-containing nucleus modulates many physiological and pathological conditions including the sleep-waking cycle, movement disorders, mood alterations, convulsive seizures, and the effects of drugs such as psychostimulants and opioids. This review focuses on the modulation exerted by central NE pathways on the behavioural and neurotoxic effects produced by the psychostimulant methamphetamine, essentially the modulation of the activity of mesencephalic dopamine (DA) neurons. In fact, although NE in itself mediates some behavioural effects induced by methamphetamine, NE modulation of DA release is pivotal for methamphetamine-induced behavioural states and neurotoxicity. These interactions are discussed on the basis of the state of the art of the functional neuroanatomy of central NE- and DA systems. Emphasis is given to those brain sites possessing a remarkable overlapping of both neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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35
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Papay RS, Shi T, Piascik MT, Naga Prasad SV, Perez DM. α₁A-adrenergic receptors regulate cardiac hypertrophy in vivo through interleukin-6 secretion. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 83:939-48. [PMID: 23404509 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.084483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of α₁-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy is still unclear, because transgenic mice demonstrated hypertrophy or the lack of it despite high receptor overexpression. To further address the role of the α₁-ARs in cardiac hypertrophy, we analyzed unique transgenic mice that overexpress constitutively active mutation (CAM) α₁A-ARs or CAM α₁B-ARs under the regulation of large fragments of their native promoters. These constitutively active receptors are expressed in all tissues that endogenously express their wild-type counterparts as opposed to only myocyte-targeted transgenic mice. In this study, we discovered that CAM α₁A-AR mice in vivo have cardiac hypertrophy independent of changes in blood pressure, corroborating earlier studies, but in contrast to myocyte-targeted α₁A-AR mice. We also found cardiac hypertrophy in CAM α₁B-AR mice, in agreement with previous studies, but hypertrophy only developed in older mice. We also discovered unique α₁-AR-mediated hypertrophic signaling that was AR subtype-specific with CAM α₁A-AR mice secreting atrial naturietic factor and interleukin-6 (IL-6), whereas CAM α₁B-AR mice expressed activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). These particular hypertrophic signals were blocked when the other AR subtype was coactivated. We also discovered that crossbreeding the two CAM models (double CAM α₁A/B-AR) inhibited the development of hypertrophy and was reversible with single receptor activation, suggesting that coactivation of the receptors can lead to novel antagonistic signal transduction. This was confirmed by demonstrating antagonistic signals that were even lower than normal controls in the double CAM α₁A/B-AR mice for p38, NF-κB, and the IL-6/glycoprotein 130/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. Because α₁A/B double knockout mice fail to develop hypertrophy in response to IL-6, our results suggest that IL-6 is a major mediator of α₁A-AR cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Papay
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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36
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Kikuchi-Utsumi K, Ishizaka M, Matsumura N, Watabe M, Aoyama K, Sasakawa N, Nakaki T. Involvement of the α1D-adrenergic Receptor in Methamphetamine-Induced Hyperthermia and Neurotoxicity in Rats. Neurotox Res 2013; 24:130-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shi T, Papay RS, Perez DM. α(1A)-adrenergic receptor differentially regulates STAT3 phosphorylation through PKCϵ and PKCδ in myocytes. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2012; 32:76-86. [PMID: 22268811 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.647353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated α₁-adrenergic receptors (ARs) increase STAT3 activation in transfected and non-cardiac primary cell lines. However, the mechanism used by α₁-ARs resulting in STAT3 activation is unknown. While other G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can couple to STAT3, these mechanisms demonstrate coupling through SRC, TYK, Rac, or complex formation with Gq and used only transfected cell lines. Using normal and transgenic mice containing constitutively active mutations (CAM) of the α(1A)-AR subtype, neonatal mouse myocytes and whole hearts were analyzed for the mechanism to couple to STAT3 activation. α₁-ARs stimulated time-dependent increases in p-SRC, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 in normal neonatal myocytes. Using various kinase inhibitors and siRNA, we determined that the α(1A)-AR coupled to STAT3 through distinct and unique pathways in neonatal myocytes. We found that PKCϵ inhibition decreased p-ERK and p-Ser STAT3 levels without affecting p-Tyr STAT3. In contrast, we found that PKCδ inhibition affected p-SRC and p-JAK2 resulting in decreased p-Tyr and p-Ser STAT3 levels. We suggest a novel α(1A)-AR mediated PKCϵ/ERK pathway that regulates the phosphorylation status of STAT3 at Ser-727 while PKCδ couples to SRC/JAK2 to affect Tyr-705 phosphorylation. Furthermore, this pathway has not been previously described in a GPCR system that couples to STAT3. Given cell survival and protective cardiac effects induced by PKC, STAT3 and ERK signaling, our results could explain the neuroprotective and cardiac protective pathways that are enhanced with α(1A)-AR agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology,The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on the use of genetically modified mice in investigating the neurobiology of depressive behaviour. First, the behavioural tests commonly used as a model of depressive-like behaviour in rodents are described. These tests include those sensitive to antidepressant treatment such as the forced swim test and the tail suspension test, as well as other tests that encompass the wider symptomatology of a depressive episode. A selection of example mutant mouse lines is then presented to illustrate the use of these tests. As our understanding of depression increases, an expanding list of candidate genes is being investigated using mutant mice. Here, mice relevant to the monoamine and corticotrophin-releasing factor hypotheses of depression are covered as well as those relating to the more recent candidate, brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This selection provides interesting examples of the use of complimentary lines, such as those that have genetic removal or overexpression, and also opposing behavioural changes seen following manipulation of closely related genes. Finally, factors such as the issue of background strain and influence of environmental factors are reflected upon, before considering what can realistically be expected of a mouse model of this complex psychiatric disorder.
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Vivacqua G, Casini A, Vaccaro R, Salvi EP, Pasquali L, Fornai F, Yu S, D’Este L. Spinal cord and parkinsonism: Neuromorphological evidences in humans and experimental studies. J Chem Neuroanat 2011; 42:327-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Romeo G, Materia L, Modica MN, Pittalà V, Salerno L, Siracusa MA, Manetti F, Botta M, Minneman KP. Novel 4-phenylpiperidine-2,6-dione derivatives. Ligands for α1-adrenoceptor subtypes. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2676-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Allen JA, Roth BL. Strategies to discover unexpected targets for drugs active at G protein-coupled receptors. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 51:117-44. [PMID: 20868273 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of signaling molecules comprising approximately 2% of the human genome; this receptor family remains a central focus in basic pharmacology studies and drug discovery efforts. Detailed studies of drug action at GPCRs over the past decade have revealed existing and novel ligands that exhibit polypharmacology-that is, drugs with activity at more than one receptor target for which they were designed. These "off-target" drug actions can be a liability that causes adverse side effects; however, in several cases, drugs with less selectivity demonstrate better clinical efficacy. Here we review physical screening and cheminformatic approaches that define drug activity at the GPCR receptorome. In many cases, such profiling has revealed unexpected targets that explain therapeutic actions as well as off-targets underlying drug side effects. Such drug-receptor profiling has also provided new insights into mechanisms of action of existing drugs and has suggested directions for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Allen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
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42
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Perez DM, Doze VA. Cardiac and neuroprotection regulated by α(1)-adrenergic receptor subtypes. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011; 31:98-110. [PMID: 21338248 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2010.550008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic nervous system regulation by the α(1)-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes (α(1A), α(1B), α(1D)) is complex, whereby chronic activity can be either detrimental or protective for both heart and brain function. This review will summarize the evidence that this dual regulation can be mediated through the different α(1)-AR subtypes in the context of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, apoptosis, ischemic preconditioning, neurogenesis, locomotion, neurodegeneration, cognition, neuroplasticity, depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, NB50, The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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43
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Stemberger S, Wenning GK. Modelling progressive autonomic failure in MSA: where are we now? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 118:841-7. [PMID: 21221668 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal late-onset α-synucleinopathy that presents with features of ataxia, Parkinsonism, and pyramidal dysfunction in any combination. Over the last decade, efforts have been made to develop preclinical MSA testbeds for novel interventional strategies. The main focus has been on murine analogues of MSA-linked motor features and their underlying brainstem, cerebellar and basal ganglia pathology. Although progressive autonomic failure (AF) is a prominent clinical feature of patients with MSA, reflecting a disruption of both central and peripheral autonomic networks controlling cardiovascular, respiratory, urogenital, gastrointestinal and sudomotor functions, attempts of modelling this aspect of the human disease have been limited. However, emerging evidence suggests that AF-like features may occur in transgenic MSA models reflecting α-synucleinopathy lesions in distributed autonomic networks. Further research is needed to fully characterize both autonomic and motor features in optimized preclinical MSA models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Stemberger
- Division of Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Targeted overexpression of human alpha-synuclein in oligodendroglia induces lesions linked to MSA-like progressive autonomic failure. Exp Neurol 2010; 224:459-64. [PMID: 20493840 PMCID: PMC2913120 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease of undetermined cause manifesting with progressive autonomic failure (AF), cerebellar ataxia and parkinsonism due to neuronal loss in multiple brain areas associated with (oligodendro)glial cytoplasmic α-synuclein (αSYN) inclusions (GCIs). Using proteolipid protein (PLP)-α-synuclein (αSYN) transgenic mice we have previously reported parkinsonian motor deficits triggered by MSA-like αSYN inclusions. We now extend these observations by demonstrating degeneration of brain areas that are closely linked to progressive AF and other non-motor symptoms in MSA, in (PLP)-αSYN transgenic mice as compared to age-matched non-transgenic controls. We show delayed loss of cholinergic neurons in nucleus ambiguus at 12 months of age as well as early neuronal loss in laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and Onuf's nucleus at 2 months of age associated with αSYN oligodendroglial overexpression. We also report that neuronal loss triggered by MSA-like αSYN inclusions is absent up to 12 months of age in the thoracic intermediolateral cell column suggesting a differential dynamic modulation of αSYN toxicity within the murine autonomic nervous system. Although the spatial and temporal evolution of central autonomic pathology in MSA is unknown our findings corroborate the utility of the (PLP)-αSYN transgenic mouse model as a testbed for the study of oligodendroglial αSYN mediated neurodegeneration replicating both motor and non-motor aspects of MSA.
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Docherty JR. Subtypes of functional alpha1-adrenoceptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:405-17. [PMID: 19862476 PMCID: PMC11115521 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this review, subtypes of functional alpha1-adrenoceptor are discussed. These are cell membrane receptors, belonging to the seven-transmembrane-spanning G-protein-linked family of receptors, which respond to the physiological agonist noradrenaline. alpha1-Adrenoceptors can be divided into alpha1A-, alpha1B- and alpha1D-adrenoceptors, all of which mediate contractile responses involving Gq/11 and inositol phosphate turnover. A fourth alpha1-adrenoceptor, the alpha1L-, represents a functional phenotype of the alpha1A-adrenoceptor. alpha1-Adrenoceptor subtype knock-out mice have refined our knowledge of the functions of alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes, particuarly as subtype-selective agonists and antagonists are not available for all subtypes. alpha1-Adrenoceptors function as stimulatory receptors involved particularly in smooth muscle contraction, especially contraction of vascular smooth muscle, both in local vasoconstriction and in the control of blood pressure and temperature, and contraction of the prostate and bladder neck. Central actions are now being elucidated.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/physiology
- Body Temperature Regulation
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/metabolism
- Inositol Phosphates/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/classification
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology
- Second Messenger Systems/physiology
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Docherty
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Doze VA, Handel EM, Jensen KA, Darsie B, Luger EJ, Haselton JR, Talbot JN, Rorabaugh BR. alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptors differentially modulate antidepressant-like behavior in the mouse. Brain Res 2009; 1285:148-57. [PMID: 19540213 PMCID: PMC2720445 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs are used for the treatment of chronic depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety-related disorders. Chronic use of TCA drugs increases the expression of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(1)-ARs). Yet, it is unclear whether increased alpha(1)-AR expression contributes to the antidepressant effects of these drugs or if this effect is unrelated to their therapeutic benefit. In this study, mice expressing constitutively active mutant alpha(1A)-ARs (CAM alpha(1A)-AR) or CAM alpha(1B)-ARs were used to examine the effects of alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-AR signaling on rodent behavioral models of depression, OCD, and anxiety. CAM alpha(1A)-AR mice, but not CAM alpha(1B)-AR mice, exhibited antidepressant-like behavior in the tail suspension test and forced swim test. This behavior was reversed by prazosin, a selective alpha(1)-AR inverse agonist, and mimicked by chronically treating wild type mice with cirazoline, an alpha(1A)-AR agonist. Marble burying behavior, commonly used to model OCD in rodents, was significantly decreased in CAM alpha(1A)-AR mice but not in CAM alpha(1B)-AR mice. In contrast, no significant differences in anxiety-related behavior were observed between wild type, CAM alpha(1A)-AR, and CAM alpha(1B)-AR animals in the elevated plus maze and light/dark box. This is the first study to demonstrate that alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-ARs differentially modulate antidepressant-like behavior in the mouse. These data suggest that alpha(1A)-ARs may be a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- Catecholamines/metabolism
- Depressive Disorder/drug therapy
- Depressive Disorder/metabolism
- Depressive Disorder/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Maze Learning/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Neuropsychological Tests
- Prazosin/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Van A Doze
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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Gupta MK, Papay RS, Jurgens CWD, Gaivin RJ, Shi T, Doze VA, Perez DM. alpha1-Adrenergic receptors regulate neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76:314-26. [PMID: 19487244 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.057307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the function of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors in the brain has been limited due to a lack of specific ligands and antibodies. We circumvented this problem by using transgenic mice engineered to overexpress either wild-type receptor tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein or constitutively active mutant alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtypes in tissues in which they are normally expressed. We identified intriguing alpha(1A)-adrenergic receptor subtype-expressing cells with a migratory morphology in the adult subventricular zone that coexpressed markers of neural stem cell and/or progenitors. Incorporation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine in vivo increased in neurogenic areas in adult alpha(1A)-adrenergic receptor transgenic mice or normal mice given the alpha(1A)-adrenergic receptor-selective agonist, cirazoline. Neonatal neurospheres isolated from normal mice expressed a mixture of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtypes, and stimulation of these receptors resulted in increased expression of the alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptor subtype, proneural basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, and the differentiation and migration of neuronal progenitors for catecholaminergic neurons and interneurons. alpha(1)-Adrenergic receptor stimulation increased the apoptosis of astrocytes and regulated survival of neonatal neurons through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. However, in adult normal neurospheres, alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor stimulation increased the expression of glial markers at the expense of neuronal differentiation. In vivo, S100-positive glial and betaIII tubulin neuronal progenitors colocalized with either alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtype in the olfactory bulb. Our results indicate that alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors can regulate both neurogenesis and gliogenesis that may be developmentally dependent. Our findings may lead to new therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manveen K Gupta
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, NB50, the Lerner Research Institute, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Perez DM, Papay RS, Shi T. alpha1-Adrenergic receptor stimulates interleukin-6 expression and secretion through both mRNA stability and transcriptional regulation: involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76:144-52. [PMID: 19363165 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.054320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that activation of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors (ARs) increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and protein secretion, which is probably an important yet unknown mechanism contributing to the regulation of cardiac function. Using Rat-1 fibroblasts stably transfected with the alpha(1A)-AR subtype and primary mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes, we elucidated the basic molecular mechanisms responsible for the alpha(1)-AR modulation of IL-6 expression. IL-6 mRNA production mediated by alpha(1)-AR peaked at 1 to 2 h. Studies of the mRNA decay rate indicated that alpha(1)-AR activation enhanced IL-6 mRNA stability. Analysis of IL-6 promoter activity using a series of deletion constructs indicated that alpha(1)-ARs enhanced IL-6 transcription through several transcriptional elements, including nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Inhibition of alpha(1)-AR mediated IL-6 production and secretion by actinomycin D and the increase of intracellular IL-6 levels by alpha(1)-AR activation suggest that alpha(1)-AR mediated IL-6 secretion through de novo synthesis. Both IL-6 transcription and protein secretion mediated by alpha(1)-ARs were significantly reduced by chemical inhibitors for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-kappaB and by a dominant-negative construct of p38 MAPK. Serum level of IL-6 was elevated in transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active mutant of the alpha(1A)-AR subtype but not in a similar mouse model expressing the alpha(1B)-AR subtype. Our results indicate that alpha(1)-ARs stimulated IL-6 expression and secretion through regulating both mRNA transcription and stability, involving p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Pizzanelli C, Lazzeri G, Fulceri F, Giorgi FS, Pasquali L, Cifelli G, Murri L, Fornai F. Lack of α1b-adrenergic receptor protects against epileptic seizures. Epilepsia 2009; 50 Suppl 1:59-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Gilsbach R, Hein L. Presynaptic metabotropic receptors for acetylcholine and adrenaline/noradrenaline. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2008:261-88. [PMID: 18064417 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-74805-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Presynaptic metabotropic receptors for acetylcholine and adrenaline/noradrenaline were first described more than three decades ago. Molecular cloning has resulted in the identification of five G protein-coupled muscarinic receptors (M(1) - M(5)) which mediate the biological effects of acetylcholine. Nine adrenoceptors (alpha(1ABD),alpha(2ABC),beta(123)) transmit adrenaline/noradrenaline signals between cells. The lack of sufficiently subtype-selective ligands has prevented identification of the physiological role and therapeutic potential of these receptor subtypes for a long time. Recently, mouse lines with targeted deletions for all muscarinic and adrenoceptor genes have been generated. This review summarizes the results from these gene-targeting studies with particular emphasis on presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptor functions of muscarinic and adrenergic receptors. Specific knowledge about the function of receptor subtypes will enhance our understanding of the physiological role of the cholinergic and adrenergic nervous system and open new avenues for subtype-selective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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