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Shrestha P, Ghanwatkar Y, Mahto S, Pramanik N, Mahato RI. Gemcitabine-Lipid Conjugate and ONC201 Combination Therapy Effectively Treats Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumor-Bearing Mice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38813771 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is a nucleoside analogue approved as a first line of therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, rapid metabolism by plasma cytidine deaminase leading to the short half-life, intricate intracellular metabolism, ineffective cell uptake, and swift development of chemoresistance downgrades the clinical efficacy of GEM. ONC201 is a small molecule that inhibits the Akt and ERK pathways and upregulates the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which leads to the reversal of both intrinsic and acquired GEM resistance in PDAC treatment. Moreover, the pancreatic cancer cells that were able to bypass apoptosis after treatment of ONC201 get arrested in the G1-phase, which makes them highly sensitive to GEM. To enhance the in vivo stability of GEM, we first synthesized a disulfide bond containing stearate conjugated GEM (lipid-GEM), which makes it sensitive to the redox tumor microenvironment (TME) comprising high glutathione levels. In addition, with the help of colipids 1,2-dioleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), cholesterol, and 1,2-distearoyl-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol)-2000 (DSPE-PEG 2000), we were able to synthesize the lipid-GEM conjugate and ONC201 releasing liposomes. A cumulative drug release study confirmed that both ONC201 and GEM showed sustained release from the formulation. Since MUC1 is highly expressed in 70-90% PDAC, we conjugated a MUC1 binding peptide in the liposomes which showed higher cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cellular internalization by MIA PaCa-2 cells. A biodistribution study further confirmed that the systemic delivery of the liposomes through the tail vein resulted in a higher accumulation of drugs in orthotopic PDAC tumors in NSG mice. The IHC of the excised tumor grafts further confirmed the higher apoptosis and lower metastasis and cell proliferation. Thus, our MUC1 targeting binary drug-releasing liposomal formulation showed higher drug payload, enhanced plasma stability, and accumulation of drugs in the pancreatic orthotopic tumor and thus is a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Yashwardhan Ghanwatkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sohan Mahto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Nilkamal Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Saleh O, Shihadeh H, Yousef A, Erekat H, Abdallh F, Al-Leimon A, Elsalhy R, Altiti A, Dajani M, AlBarakat MM. The Effect of Intratumor Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Treatment. Pancreas 2024; 53:e450-e465. [PMID: 38728212 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Even though many substantial improvements in the survival rates for other major cancer forms were made, pancreatic cancer survival rates have remained relatively unchanged since the 1960s. Even more, no standard classification system for pancreatic cancer is based on cellular biomarkers. This review will discuss and provide updates about the role of stem cells in the progression of PC, the genetic changes associated with it, and the promising biomarkers for diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The search process used PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases to identify the relevant and related articles. Articles had to be published in English to be considered. RESULTS The increasing number of studies in recent years has revealed that the diversity of cancer-associated fibroblasts is far greater than previously acknowledged, which highlights the need for further research to better understand the various cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations. Despite the huge diversity in pancreatic cancer, some common features can be noted to be shared among patients. Mutations involving CDKN2, P53, and K-RAS can be seen in a big number of patients, for example. Similarly, some patterns of genes and biomarkers expression and the level of their expression can help in predicting cancer behavior such as metastasis and drug resistance. The current trend in cancer research, especially with the advancement in technology, is to sequence everything in hopes of finding disease-related mutations. CONCLUSION Optimizing pancreatic cancer treatment requires clear classification, understanding CAF roles, and exploring stroma reshaping approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Saleh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | - Hana Erekat
- School of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman
| | - Fatima Abdallh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | | | - Majd Dajani
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | - Majd M AlBarakat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Wolfe AR, Cui T, Baie S, Corrales-Guerrero S, Webb A, Castro-Aceituno V, Shyu DL, Karasinska JM, Topham JT, Renouf DJ, Schaeffer DF, Halloran M, Packard R, Robb R, Chen W, Denko N, Lisanti M, Thompson TC, Frank P, Williams TM. Nutrient scavenging-fueled growth in pancreatic cancer depends on caveolae-mediated endocytosis under nutrient-deprived conditions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj3551. [PMID: 38427741 PMCID: PMC10906919 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by its nutrient-scavenging ability, crucial for tumor progression. Here, we investigated the roles of caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CME) in PDAC progression. Analysis of patient data across diverse datasets revealed a strong association of high caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression with higher histologic grade, the most aggressive PDAC molecular subtypes, and worse clinical outcomes. Cav-1 loss markedly promoted longer overall and tumor-free survival in a genetically engineered mouse model. Cav-1-deficient tumor cell lines exhibited significantly reduced proliferation, particularly under low nutrient conditions. Supplementing cells with albumin rescued the growth of Cav-1-proficient PDAC cells, but not in Cav-1-deficient PDAC cells under low glutamine conditions. In addition, Cav-1 depletion led to significant metabolic defects, including decreased glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, and downstream protein translation signaling pathways. These findings highlight the crucial role of Cav-1 and CME in fueling pancreatic tumorigenesis, sustaining tumor growth, and promoting survival through nutrient scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Wolfe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Tiantian Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sooin Baie
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Renouf
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David F. Schaeffer
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan Halloran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Packard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Robb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas Denko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK
- Lunella Biotech, Inc., 145 Richmond Road, Ottawa, ON K1Z 1A1, Canada
| | - Timothy C. Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philippe Frank
- SGS France, Health & Nutrition, Saint-Benoît, France
- N2C, Nutrition Growth and Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR, 1069 Tours, France
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Uddin MH, Zhang D, Muqbil I, El-Rayes BF, Chen H, Philip PA, Azmi AS. Deciphering cellular plasticity in pancreatic cancer for effective treatments. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:393-408. [PMID: 38194153 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular plasticity and therapy resistance are critical features of pancreatic cancer, a highly aggressive and fatal disease. The pancreas, a vital organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, is often affected by two main types of cancer: the pre-dominant ductal adenocarcinoma and the less common neuroendocrine tumors. These cancers are difficult to treat due to their complex biology characterized by cellular plasticity leading to therapy resistance. Cellular plasticity refers to the capability of cancer cells to change and adapt to different microenvironments within the body which includes acinar-ductal metaplasia, epithelial to mesenchymal/epigenetic/metabolic plasticity, as well as stemness. This plasticity allows heterogeneity of cancer cells, metastasis, and evasion of host's immune system and develops resistance to radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. To overcome this resistance, extensive research is ongoing exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic factors through cellular reprogramming, chemosensitization, targeting metabolic, key survival pathways, etc. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms of cellular plasticity involving cellular adaptation and tumor microenvironment and provided a comprehensive understanding of its role in therapy resistance and ways to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, HWCRC 740, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Dingqiang Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, 21000 W 10 Mile Rd, Southfield, MI, 48075, USA
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, 21000 W 10 Mile Rd, Southfield, MI, 48075, USA
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, HWCRC 740, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, HWCRC 740, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Ren LL, Mao T, Meng P, Zhang L, Wei HY, Tian ZB. Glutamine addiction and therapeutic strategies in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1852-1863. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i11.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide owing to its late diagnosis, early metastasis, and poor prognosis. Because current therapeutic options are limited, there is an urgent need to investigate novel targeted treatment strategies. Pancreatic cancer faces significant metabolic challenges, principally hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, due to specific microenvironmental constraints, including an extensive desmoplastic stromal reaction. Pancreatic cancer cells have been shown to rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support rapid survival and proliferation. Increased glucose uptake and glycolytic pathway activity during this process have been extensively described. However, growing evidence suggests that pancreatic cancer cells are glutamine addicted. As a nitrogen source, glutamine directly (or indirectly via glutamate conversion) contributes to many anabolic processes in pancreatic cancer, including amino acids, nucleobases, and hexosamine biosynthesis. It also plays an important role in redox homeostasis, and when converted to α-ketoglutarate, glutamine serves as an energy and anaplerotic carbon source, replenishing the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of glutamine metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer, focusing on potential therapeutic approaches targeting glutamine metabolism in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pin Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hong-Yun Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi-Bin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
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Ammar N, Hildebrandt M, Geismann C, Röder C, Gemoll T, Sebens S, Trauzold A, Schäfer H. Monocarboxylate Transporter-1 (MCT1)-Mediated Lactate Uptake Protects Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells from Oxidative Stress during Glutamine Scarcity Thereby Promoting Resistance against Inhibitors of Glutamine Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1818. [PMID: 37891897 PMCID: PMC10604597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic compartmentalization of stroma-rich tumors, like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), greatly contributes to malignancy. This involves cancer cells importing lactate from the microenvironment (reverse Warburg cells) through monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) along with substantial phenotype alterations. Here, we report that the reverse Warburg phenotype of PDAC cells compensated for the shortage of glutamine as an essential metabolite for redox homeostasis. Thus, oxidative stress caused by glutamine depletion led to an Nrf2-dependent induction of MCT1 expression in pancreatic T3M4 and A818-6 cells. Moreover, greater MCT1 expression was detected in glutamine-scarce regions within tumor tissues from PDAC patients. MCT1-driven lactate uptake supported the neutralization of reactive oxygen species excessively produced under glutamine shortage and the resulting drop in glutathione levels that were restored by the imported lactate. Consequently, PDAC cells showed greater survival and growth under glutamine depletion when utilizing lactate through MCT1. Likewise, the glutamine uptake inhibitor V9302 and glutaminase-1 inhibitor CB839 induced oxidative stress in PDAC cells, along with cell death and cell cycle arrest that were again compensated by MCT1 upregulation and forced lactate uptake. Our findings show a novel mechanism by which PDAC cells adapt their metabolism to glutamine scarcity and by which they develop resistance against anticancer treatments based on glutamine uptake/metabolism inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhane Ammar
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.A.); (M.H.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Maya Hildebrandt
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.A.); (M.H.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Claudia Geismann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Philosophenweg 36, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany;
| | - Christian Röder
- TriBanK, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology & Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.A.); (M.H.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
- TriBanK, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Ania Trauzold
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.A.); (M.H.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.A.); (M.H.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
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Palanissami G, Paul SF. AGEs and RAGE: metabolic and molecular signatures of the glycation-inflammation axis in malignant or metastatic cancers. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:812-849. [PMID: 37970208 PMCID: PMC10645465 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
From attributing mutations to cancers with the advent of cutting-edge genetic technology in recent decades, to re-searching the age-old theory of intrinsic metabolic shift of cancers (Warburg's glycolysis), the quest for a precise panacea for mainly the metastatic cancers, remains incessant. This review delineates the advanced glycation end product (AGE)-receptor for AGE (RAGE) pathway driven intricate oncogenic cues, budding from the metabolic (glycolytic) reliance of tumour cells, branching into metastatic emergence of malignancies. Strong AGE-RAGE concomitance in metastasis, chemo-resistance and cancer resurgence adversely incite disease progression and patient mortality. At the conjunction of metabolic and metastatic shift of cancers, are the "glycolytically" generated AGEs and AGE-activated RAGE, instigating aberrant molecular pathways, culminating in aggressive malignancies. AGEs as by-products of metabolic insurgence, modify the metabolome, epigenome and microbiome, besides coercing the inter-, intra- and extra-cellular micro-milieu conducive for oncogenic events like epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). AGE-RAGE synergistically elicit ATP surge for surplus energy, autophagy for apoptotic evasion and chemo-resistance, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) for meta-inflammation and angiogenesis, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) for immune tolerance, S100 proteins for metastasis, and p53 protein attenuation for tumour suppression. AGEs are pronouncedly reported in invasive forms of breast, prostate, colon and pancreatic cancers, higher in patients with cancer than healthy counterparts, and higher in advanced stage than localized phase. Hence, the investigation of person-specific presence of AGEs, soluble RAGE and AGE-activated RAGE can be advocated as impending bio-markers for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes, to predict cancer risk in patients with diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome as well as general population, to monitor prognosis and metastasis in patients with cancer, and to reckon complications in cancer survivors. Furthermore, clinical reports of exogenous (dietary) and endogenous (internally formed) AGEs in cancer patients, and contemporary clinical trials involving AGE-RAGE axis in cancer are underlined with theranostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Palanissami
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Solomon F.D. Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tavares-Valente D, Cannone S, Greco MR, Carvalho TMA, Baltazar F, Queirós O, Agrimi G, Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA. Extracellular Matrix Collagen I Differentially Regulates the Metabolic Plasticity of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Parenchymal Cell and Cancer Stem Cell. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3868. [PMID: 37568684 PMCID: PMC10417137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a 5-year survival rate of less than 10 percent largely due to the intense fibrotic desmoplastic reaction, characterized by high levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen I that constitutes a niche for a subset of cancer cells, the cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cancer cells undergo a complex metabolic adaptation characterized by changes in metabolic pathways and biosynthetic processes. The use of the 3D organotypic model in this study allowed us to manipulate the ECM constituents and mimic the progression of PDAC from an early tumor to an ever more advanced tumor stage. To understand the role of desmoplasia on the metabolism of PDAC parenchymal (CPC) and CSC populations, we studied their basic metabolic parameters in organotypic cultures of increasing collagen content to mimic in vivo conditions. We further measured the ability of the bioenergetic modulators (BMs), 2-deoxyglucose, dichloroacetate and phenformin, to modify their metabolic dependence and the therapeutic activity of paclitaxel albumin nanoparticles (NAB-PTX). While all the BMs decreased cell viability and increased cell death in all ECM types, a distinct, collagen I-dependent profile was observed in CSCs. As ECM collagen I content increased (e.g., more aggressive conditions), the CSCs switched from glucose to mostly glutamine metabolism. All three BMs synergistically potentiated the cytotoxicity of NAB-PTX in both cell lines, which, in CSCs, was collagen I-dependent and the strongest when treated with phenformin + NAB-PTX. Metabolic disruption in PDAC can be useful both as monotherapy or combined with conventional drugs to more efficiently block tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tavares-Valente
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga, Portugal
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
| | - Stefania Cannone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (G.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (G.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Tiago Miguel Amaral Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (G.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga, Portugal
| | - Odília Queirós
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
| | - Gennaro Agrimi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (G.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (G.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (G.A.); (R.A.C.)
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Li M, Ding W, Wang Y, Ma Y, Du F. Development and validation of a gene signature for pancreatic cancer: based on inflammatory response-related genes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17166-17178. [PMID: 36192587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world with a poor prognosis. There were limited studies investigating the genetic signatures associated with inflammatory responses, tumor microenvironment (TME), and tumor drug sensitivity prediction. In the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, we constructed an inflammatory response-related genes prognostic signature for PC, and predictive ability of the model was assessed via the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Then, we explored the differences of TME, immune checkpoint genes and drug resistance genes, and the cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs between different risk score group. Based on the TCGA and ICGC databases, we constructed and validated a prognostic model, which consisted of 5 genes (including AHR, F3, GNA15, IL18, and INHBA). Moreover, the prognostic model was independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS). The low-risk score group had better OS, and lower stromal score, compared with patients in the high-risk score group. The difference of antigen-presenting cells, T cell regulation, and drug resistance genes between different risk score groups was found. In addition, the immune checkpoint genes were positively correlation to risk score. The expression levels of AHR, GNA15, IL18, and INHBA were related to the sensitivity of anti-tumor chemotherapy drugs. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed significant pathway such as calcium signaling pathway and p53 signaling pathway. We successfully constructed a 5-inflammatory response-related gene signature to predict survival, TME, and cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs in PC patients. Furthermore, substantiation was warranted to verify the role of these genes in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 of Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261041, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 of Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261041, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 of Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261041, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbiao Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 of Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261041, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Futian Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 of Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261041, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Sieow JL, Penny HL, Gun SY, Tan LQ, Duan K, Yeong JPS, Pang A, Lim D, Toh HC, Lim TKH, Engleman E, Rotzschke O, Ng LG, Chen J, Tan SM, Wong SC. Conditional Knockout of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha in Tumor-Infiltrating Neutrophils Protects against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010753. [PMID: 36614196 PMCID: PMC9821271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Large numbers of neutrophils infiltrate tumors and comprise a notable component of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. While it is established that tumor cells exhibit the Warburg effect for energy production, the contribution of the neutrophil metabolic state to tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we investigated whether neutrophil infiltration and metabolic status promotes tumor progression in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We observed a large increase in the proportion of neutrophils in the blood and tumor upon orthotopic transplantation. Intriguingly, these tumor-infiltrating neutrophils up-regulated glycolytic factors and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) expression compared to neutrophils from the bone marrow and blood of the same mouse. This enhanced glycolytic signature was also observed in human PDAC tissue samples. Strikingly, neutrophil-specific deletion of HIF-1α (HIF-1αΔNφ) significantly reduced tumor burden and improved overall survival in orthotopic transplanted mice, by converting the pro-tumorigenic neutrophil phenotype to an anti-tumorigenic phenotype. This outcome was associated with elevated reactive oxygen species production and activated natural killer cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells compared to littermate control mice. These data suggest a role for HIF-1α in neutrophil metabolism, which could be exploited as a target for metabolic modulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Lin Sieow
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Hweixian Leong Penny
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ling Qiao Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Kaibo Duan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Angela Pang
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Diana Lim
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Tony Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Edgar Engleman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Suet Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-64070030
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11
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Yu YC, Ahmed A, Lai HC, Cheng WC, Yang JC, Chang WC, Chen LM, Shan YS, Ma WL. Review of the endocrine organ-like tumor hypothesis of cancer cachexia in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1057930. [PMID: 36465353 PMCID: PMC9713001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1057930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal types of solid tumors, associated with a high prevalence of cachexia (~80%). PDAC-derived cachexia (PDAC-CC) is a systemic disease involving the complex interplay between the tumor and multiple organs. The endocrine organ-like tumor (EOLT) hypothesis may explain the systemic crosstalk underlying the deleterious homeostatic shifts that occur in PDAC-CC. Several studies have reported a markedly heterogeneous collection of cachectic mediators, signaling mechanisms, and metabolic pathways, including exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hormonal disturbance, pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, digestive and tumor-derived factors, and PDAC progression. The complexities of PDAC-CC necessitate a careful review of recent literature summarizing cachectic mediators, corresponding metabolic functions, and the collateral impacts on wasting organs. The EOLT hypothesis suggests that metabolites, genetic instability, and epigenetic changes (microRNAs) are involved in cachexia development. Both tumors and host tissues can secrete multiple cachectic factors (beyond only inflammatory mediators). Some regulatory molecules, metabolites, and microRNAs are tissue-specific, resulting in insufficient energy production to support tumor/cachexia development. Due to these complexities, changes in a single factor can trigger bi-directional feedback circuits that exacerbate PDAC and result in the development of irreversible cachexia. We provide an integrated review based on 267 papers and 20 clinical trials from PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov database proposed under the EOLT hypothesis that may provide a fundamental understanding of cachexia development and response to current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Azaj Ahmed
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Chern Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Min Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chen Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Ketavarapu V, Ravikanth V, Sasikala M, Rao GV, Devi CV, Sripadi P, Bethu MS, Amanchy R, Murthy HVV, Pandol SJ, Reddy DN. Integration of metabolites from meta-analysis with transcriptome reveals enhanced SPHK1 in PDAC with a background of pancreatitis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:792. [PMID: 35854233 PMCID: PMC9295503 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathophysiology of transformation of inflammatory lesions in chronic pancreatitis (CP) to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not clear. METHODS We conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis of circulating metabolites, integrated this data with transcriptome analysis of human pancreatic tissues and validated using immunohistochemistry. Our aim was to establish biomarker signatures for early malignant transformation in patients with underlying CP and identify therapeutic targets. RESULTS Analysis of 19 studies revealed AUC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.81-0.91, P < 0.0001) for all the altered metabolites (n = 88). Among them, lipids showed higher differentiating efficacy between PDAC and CP; P-value (< 0.0001). Pathway enrichment analysis identified sphingomyelin metabolism (impact value-0.29, FDR of 0.45) and TCA cycle (impact value-0.18, FDR of 0.06) to be prominent pathways in differentiating PDAC from CP. Mapping circulating metabolites to corresponding genes revealed 517 altered genes. Integration of these genes with transcriptome data of CP and PDAC with a background of CP (PDAC-CP) identified three upregulated genes; PIGC, PPIB, PKM and three downregulated genes; AZGP1, EGLN1, GNMT. Comparison of CP to PDAC-CP and PDAC-CP to PDAC identified upregulation of SPHK1, a known oncogene. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests plausible role for SPHK1 in development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in long standing CP patients. SPHK1 could be further explored as diagnostic and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayasarathy Ketavarapu
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAsian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Vishnubhotla Ravikanth
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAsian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Mitnala Sasikala
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAsian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - G. V. Rao
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAIG Hospitals, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Ch. Venkataramana Devi
- grid.412419.b0000 0001 1456 3750Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - Prabhakar Sripadi
- grid.417636.10000 0004 0636 1405Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Analytical & Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - Murali Satyanarayana Bethu
- grid.410865.eDivision of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India ,grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm &Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14221 USA
| | - Ramars Amanchy
- grid.410865.eDivision of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - H. V. V. Murthy
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAsian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - D. Nageshwar Reddy
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAIG Hospitals, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
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13
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Sexton RE, Uddin MH, Bannoura S, Khan HY, Mzannar Y, Li Y, Aboukameel A, Al-Hallak MN, Al-Share B, Mohamed A, Nagasaka M, El-Rayes B, Azmi AS. Connecting the Human Microbiome and Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:317-331. [PMID: 35366155 PMCID: PMC8976105 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease that is increasing in incidence throughout the world. There are no clear causal factors associated with the incidence of pancreatic cancer; however, some correlation to smoking, diabetes and alcohol has been described. Recently, a few studies have linked the human microbiome (oral and gastrointestinal tract) to pancreatic cancer development. A perturbed microbiome has been shown to alter normal cells while promoting cancer-related processes such as increased cell signaling, immune system evasion and invasion. In this article, we will review in detail the alterations within the gut and oral microbiome that have been linked to pancreatic cancer and explore the ability of other microbiomes, such as the lung and skin microbiome, to contribute to disease development. Understanding ways to identify a perturbed microbiome can result in advancements in pancreatic cancer research and allow for prevention, earlier detection and alternative treatment strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Sexton
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Md Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sahar Bannoura
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Husain Yar Khan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yousef Mzannar
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mohammad Najeeb Al-Hallak
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Bayan Al-Share
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Amr Mohamed
- UH Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Misako Nagasaka
- University of California, Irvine, UCI Health Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, CA, Irvine, USA
| | - Bassel El-Rayes
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, AL, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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14
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Shokati Eshkiki Z, Khayer N, Talebi A, Karbalaei R, Akbari A. Novel insight into pancreatic adenocarcinoma pathogenesis using liquid association analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:30. [PMID: 35180880 PMCID: PMC8855560 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. High-throughput disease-related-gene expression data provide valuable information on gene interaction, which consequently lead to deeper insight about pathogenesis. The co-expression analysis is a common approach that is used to investigate gene interaction. However, such an approach solely is inadequate to reveal the complexity of the gene interaction. The three-way interaction model is known as a novel approach applied to decode the complex relationship between genes. METHODS In the current study, the liquid association method was used to capture the statistically significant triplets involved in the PDAC pathogenesis. Subsequently, gene set enrichment and gene regulatory network analyses were performed to trace the biological relevance of the statistically significant triplets. RESULTS The results of the current study suggest that "response to estradiol" and "Regulation of T-cell proliferation" are two critical biological processes that may be associated with the PDAC pathogenesis. Additionally, we introduced six switch genes, namely Lamc2, Klk1, Nqo1, Aox1, Tspan1, and Cxcl12, which might be involved in PDAC triggering. CONCLUSION In the current study, for the first time, the critical genes and pathways involved in the PDAC pathogenesis were investigated using the three-way interaction approach. As a result, two critical biological processes, as well as six potential biomarkers, were suggested that might be involved in the PDAC triggering. Surprisingly, strong evidence for the biological relevance of our results can be found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shokati Eshkiki
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Khayer
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Karbalaei
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Novohradsky V, Markova L, Kostrhunova H, Svitelova M, Kasparkova J, Barbanente A, Papadia P, Margiotta N, Hoeschele JD, Brabec V. Pt( ii) complex containing the 1 R,2 R enantiomer of trans-1,2-diamino-4-cyclohexene ligand effectively and selectively inhibits the viability of aggressive pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells and alters their lipid metabolism. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New compounds structurally derived from oxaliplatin exhibit high potency in malignant pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Their mechanism of antiproliferative action in pancreatic cancer cells involves inhibition of de novo lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Markova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Svitelova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandra Barbanente
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paride Papadia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - James D. Hoeschele
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Zhang D, He Z, Shen Y, Wang J, Liu T, Jiang J. MiR-489-3p Reduced Pancreatic Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis By Targeting PKM2 and LDHA Involving Glycolysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:651535. [PMID: 34868902 PMCID: PMC8632778 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.651535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malignant proliferation and metastasis are some of the causes of high mortality in pancreatic cancer. MicroRNAs have been a hot spot in cancer research and are involved in tumor formation and metabolic stress responses. However, the biology function and underlying mechanism of miRNA regulating pancreatic cancer progress is remained uncleared. Methods RNA-seq analysis the glycolysis associated miRNAs and verified miRNA-489-3p was involving in glycolysis. We used RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and qRT-PCR to analyze the differential expression of miR-489-3p in pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent tissues and cell lines. Then the function assay of in vivo and in vitro were used to evaluated the role of miR-489-3p in the proliferation, metastasis and glucose metabolism of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter and rescue experiments were performed to explore the mechanism underlying in the role of miRNA-489-3p. Results We determined that glycolysis associated miRNA miR-489-3p was downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. The gain and loos of function experiments confirmed that miR-489-3p could inhibit the proliferation, metastasis and glucose metabolism of pancreatic cancer. Further, we found that miR-489-3p could target regulating LDHA and PKM through the luciferase report experiment. Finally, in vivo experiment confirmed that highly expressed miR-489-3p inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion In short, this study identified miR-489-3p as a novel therapy target for pancreatic cancer which was involving in the proliferation, metastasis and glycolysis, but its diagnostic value deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiyi Shen
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Kumari S, Sikander M, Malik S, Tripathi MK, Hafeez BB, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC, Khan S, Jaggi M. Steviol Represses Glucose Metabolism and Translation Initiation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1814. [PMID: 34944630 PMCID: PMC8698284 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis and lowest survival rate among all cancers. Pancreatic cancer cells are highly metabolically active and typically reprogrammed for aberrant glucose metabolism; thus they respond poorly to therapeutic modalities. It is highly imperative to understand mechanisms that are responsible for high glucose metabolism and identify natural/synthetic agents that can repress glucose metabolic machinery in pancreatic cancer cells, to improve the therapeutic outcomes/management of pancreatic cancer patients. We have identified a glycoside, steviol that effectively represses glucose consumption in pancreatic cancer cells via the inhibition of the translation initiation machinery of the molecular components. Herein, we report that steviol effectively inhibits the glucose uptake and lactate production in pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC1 and HPAF-II). The growth, colonization, and invasion characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells were also determined by in vitro functional assay. Steviol treatment also inhibited the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of human pancreatic cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G1/M phase. The metabolic shift by steviol was mediated through the repression of the phosphorylation of mTOR and translation initiation proteins (4E-BP1, eIF4e, eIF4B, and eIF4G). Overall, the results of this study suggest that steviol can effectively suppress the glucose metabolism and translation initiation in pancreatic cancer cells to mitigate their aggressiveness. This study might help in the design of newer combination therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.K.T.); (B.B.H.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Mohammed Sikander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.K.T.); (B.B.H.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.); (S.K.)
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.K.T.); (B.B.H.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.); (S.K.)
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Manish K. Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.K.T.); (B.B.H.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.); (S.K.)
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Bilal B. Hafeez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.K.T.); (B.B.H.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.); (S.K.)
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.K.T.); (B.B.H.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.); (S.K.)
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.K.T.); (B.B.H.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.); (S.K.)
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.K.T.); (B.B.H.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.); (S.K.)
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.K.T.); (B.B.H.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.); (S.K.)
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
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18
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Kaur J, Bhattacharyya S. Cancer Stem Cells: Metabolic Characterization for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:756888. [PMID: 34804950 PMCID: PMC8602811 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.756888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within tumor bulk are known for tumor recurrence and metastasis. CSCs show intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies and phenotypic plasticity within the tumor, which make these a difficult target for conventional therapies. CSCs have different metabolic phenotypes based on their needs as compared to the bulk cancer cells. CSCs show metabolic plasticity and constantly alter their metabolic state between glycolysis and oxidative metabolism (OXPHOS) to adapt to scarcity of nutrients and therapeutic stress. The metabolic characteristics of CSCs are distinct compared to non-CSCs and thus provide an opportunity to devise more effective strategies to target CSCs. Mechanism for metabolic switch in CSCs is still unravelled, however existing evidence suggests that tumor microenvironment affects the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. Understanding CSCs metabolism may help in discovering new and effective clinical targets to prevent cancer relapse and metastasis. This review summarises the current knowledge of CSCs metabolism and highlights the potential targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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19
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Molecular aspects of pancreatic cancer: focus on reprogrammed metabolism in a nutrient-deficient environment and potential therapeutic targets. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:258-263. [PMID: 34764796 PMCID: PMC8568029 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still burdened with high mortality (5-year survival rate < 9%) due to late diagnosis, aggressiveness, and a lack of more effective treatment methods. Early diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches based on the reprogrammed metabolism of the tumor in a nutrient-deficient environment are expected to improve the future treatment of PDAC patients. Research results suggest that genetic and metabolic disorders may precede the onset of neoplastic changes, which should allow for earlier appropriate treatment. Glycolysis and glutaminolysis are the most investigated pathways associated with the highest aggressiveness of pancreatic tumors. Blocking of selected metabolic pathways related to the local adaptive metabolic activity of pancreatic cancer cells improving nutrient acquisition and metabolic crosstalk within the microenvironment to sustain proliferation may inhibit cancer development, increase cancer cells death, and increase sensitivity to other forms of treatment (e.g., chemotherapy). Depriving cancer cells of important nutrients (glucose, glutamine) revealed tumor “checkpoints” for the mechanisms that drive cell proliferation and metastasis formation in order to determine its accuracy for individualization of the therapeutic approach. The present review highlights selected metabolic signaling pathways and their regulators aimed at inhibiting the neoplastic process. Particular attention has been paid to the adaptive metabolism of pancreatic cancer, which promotes its development in an oxygen-deficient and nutrient-poor environment.
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20
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Feng Y, Jiang Y, Hao F. GSK2126458 has the potential to inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer uncovered by bioinformatics analysis and pharmacological experiments. J Transl Med 2021; 19:373. [PMID: 34461940 PMCID: PMC8406597 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most serious digestive malignancies. At present, there is an extreme lack of effective strategies in clinical treatment. The purpose of this study is to identify key genes and pathways in the development of pancreatic cancer and provide targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. METHODS GSE15471 and GSE62165 were used to screen differentially expressed genes by GEO2R tool. Hub genes prognostic potential assessed using the GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. The drug susceptibility data of pan-cancer cell lines is provided by The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer Project (GDSC). Finally, the effects of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway inhibitors on cell viability of pancreatic cancer cells were detected by cell proliferation and invasion assays. RESULTS A total of 609 differentially expressed genes were screened and enriched in the focal adhesion, phagosome and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Of the 15 hub genes we found, four were primarily associated with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, including COL3A1, EGF, FN1 and ITGA2. GDSC analysis showed that mTOR inhibitors are very sensitive to pancreatic cancer cells with mutations in EWSR1.FLI1 and RNF43. Cell proliferation and invasion results showed that mTOR inhibitors (GSK2126458) can inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be a key pathway for pancreatic cancer, our study uncovered the potential therapeutic potential of GSK2126458, a specific mTOR inhibitor, for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yuguan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Fengjin Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
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21
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NAD + depletion by type I interferon signaling sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to NAMPT inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2012469118. [PMID: 33597293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012469118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that intratumoral interferon (IFN) signaling can trigger targetable vulnerabilities. A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is its extensively reprogrammed metabolic network, in which nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its reduced form, NADH, are critical cofactors. Here, we show that IFN signaling, present in a subset of PDAC tumors, substantially lowers NAD(H) levels through up-regulating the expression of NAD-consuming enzymes PARP9, PARP10, and PARP14. Their individual contributions to this mechanism in PDAC have not been previously delineated. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway, a dominant source of NAD in cancer cells. We found that IFN-induced NAD consumption increased dependence upon NAMPT for its role in recycling NAM to salvage NAD pools, thus sensitizing PDAC cells to pharmacologic NAMPT inhibition. Their combination decreased PDAC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and suppressed orthotopic tumor growth and liver metastases in vivo.
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22
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Ding Q, Sun Y, Shang J, Li F, Zhang Y, Liu JX. NMFNA: A Non-negative Matrix Factorization Network Analysis Method for Identifying Modules and Characteristic Genes of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:678642. [PMID: 34367241 PMCID: PMC8340025 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.678642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly fatal disease, yet its causes remain unclear. Comprehensive analysis of different types of PC genetic data plays a crucial role in understanding its pathogenic mechanisms. Currently, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)-based methods are widely used for genetic data analysis. Nevertheless, it is a challenge for them to integrate and decompose different types of genetic data simultaneously. In this paper, a non-NMF network analysis method, NMFNA, is proposed, which introduces a graph-regularized constraint to the NMF, for identifying modules and characteristic genes from two-type PC data of methylation (ME) and copy number variation (CNV). Firstly, three PC networks, i.e., ME network, CNV network, and ME-CNV network, are constructed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Then, modules are detected from these three PC networks effectively due to the introduced graph-regularized constraint, which is the highlight of the NMFNA. Finally, both gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses are performed, and characteristic genes are detected by the multimeasure score, to deeply understand biological functions of PC core modules. Experimental results demonstrated that the NMFNA facilitates the integration and decomposition of two types of PC data simultaneously and can further serve as an alternative method for detecting modules and characteristic genes from multiple genetic data of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Junliang Shang
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Information and Control Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Xing Liu
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
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23
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Wang Y, Qin C, Yang G, Zhao B, Wang W. The role of autophagy in pancreatic cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188592. [PMID: 34274449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic cancer have an abysmal survival rate. The poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is due to the difficulty of making an early diagnosis, high rate of metastasis, and frequent chemoresistance. In recent years, as a self-regulatory procedure within cells, the effect and mechanism of autophagy have been explored. Dysregulated autophagy serves as a double-edged sword in cancer development in which autophagy inhibits cancer initiation but promotes cancer progression. After tumor formation, activation of autophagy can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition, regulate metabolism, specifically glutamine usage and the glycolytic process, and mediate drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Multiple genes, RNA molecules, proteins, and certain drugs exert antitumor effects by inhibiting autophagy-mediated drug resistance. Several clinical trials have combined autophagy inhibitors with chemotherapeutic drugs in pancreatic cancer treatment, some of which have shown promising results. In conclusion, autophagy plays a vital role in pancreatic cancer progression and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Bangbo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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24
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Shen YA, Chen CC, Chen BJ, Wu YT, Juan JR, Chen LY, Teng YC, Wei YH. Potential Therapies Targeting Metabolic Pathways in Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1772. [PMID: 34359941 PMCID: PMC8304173 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are heterogeneous cells with stem cell-like properties that are responsible for therapeutic resistance, recurrence, and metastasis, and are the major cause for cancer treatment failure. Since CSCs have distinct metabolic characteristics that plays an important role in cancer development and progression, targeting metabolic pathways of CSCs appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Here we classify and discuss the unique metabolisms that CSCs rely on for energy production and survival, including mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid metabolism. Because of metabolic plasticity, CSCs can switch between these metabolisms to acquire energy for tumor progression in different microenvironments compare to the rest of tumor bulk. Thus, we highlight the specific conditions and factors that promote or suppress CSCs properties to portray distinct metabolic phenotypes that attribute to CSCs in common cancers. Identification and characterization of the features in these metabolisms can offer new anticancer opportunities and improve the prognosis of cancer. However, the therapeutic window of metabolic inhibitors used alone or in combination may be rather narrow due to cytotoxicity to normal cells. In this review, we present current findings of potential targets in these four metabolic pathways for the development of more effective and alternative strategies to eradicate CSCs and treat cancer more effectively in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-An Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-A.S.); (C.-C.C.); (J.-R.J.); (L.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Cyuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-A.S.); (C.-C.C.); (J.-R.J.); (L.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Bo-Jung Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 50046, Taiwan;
| | - Jiun-Ru Juan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-A.S.); (C.-C.C.); (J.-R.J.); (L.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Liang-Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-A.S.); (C.-C.C.); (J.-R.J.); (L.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Yueh-Chun Teng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-A.S.); (C.-C.C.); (J.-R.J.); (L.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 50046, Taiwan;
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25
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are heterogeneous cells with stem cell-like properties that are responsible for therapeutic resistance, recurrence, and metastasis, and are the major cause for cancer treatment failure. Since CSCs have distinct metabolic characteristics that plays an important role in cancer development and progression, targeting metabolic pathways of CSCs appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Here we classify and discuss the unique metabolisms that CSCs rely on for energy production and survival, including mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid metabolism. Because of metabolic plasticity, CSCs can switch between these metabolisms to acquire energy for tumor progression in different microenvironments compare to the rest of tumor bulk. Thus, we highlight the specific conditions and factors that promote or suppress CSCs properties to portray distinct metabolic phenotypes that attribute to CSCs in common cancers. Identification and characterization of the features in these metabolisms can offer new anticancer opportunities and improve the prognosis of cancer. However, the therapeutic window of metabolic inhibitors used alone or in combination may be rather narrow due to cytotoxicity to normal cells. In this review, we present current findings of potential targets in these four metabolic pathways for the development of more effective and alternative strategies to eradicate CSCs and treat cancer more effectively in the future.
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26
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Lu SY, Hua J, Xu J, Wei MY, Liang C, Meng QC, Liu J, Zhang B, Wang W, Yu XJ, Shi S. Microorganisms in chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: An overview of current research and future directions. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2666-2682. [PMID: 34326701 PMCID: PMC8315022 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system with a very high mortality rate. While gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is the predominant treatment for terminal pancreatic cancer, its therapeutic effect is not satisfactory. Recently, many studies have found that microorganisms not only play a consequential role in the occurrence and progression of pancreatic cancer but also modulate the effect of chemotherapy to some extent. Moreover, microorganisms may become an important biomarker for predicting pancreatic carcinogenesis and detecting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. However, the existing experimental literature is not sufficient or convincing. Therefore, further exploration and experiments are imperative to understanding the mechanism underlying the interaction between microorganisms and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we primarily summarize and discuss the influences of oncolytic viruses and bacteria on pancreatic cancer chemotherapy because these are the two types of microorganisms that are most often studied. We focus on some potential methods specific to these two types of microorganisms that can be used to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao-Yan Wei
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Cai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Curcio C, Brugiapaglia S, Bulfamante S, Follia L, Cappello P, Novelli F. The Glycolytic Pathway as a Target for Novel Onco-Immunology Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:1642. [PMID: 33804240 PMCID: PMC7998946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal forms of human cancer, characterized by unrestrained progression, invasiveness and treatment resistance. To date, there are limited curative options, with surgical resection as the only effective strategy, hence the urgent need to discover novel therapies. A platform of onco-immunology targets is represented by molecules that play a role in the reprogrammed cellular metabolism as one hallmark of cancer. Due to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), PDA cells display an altered glucose metabolism-resulting in its increased uptake-and a higher glycolytic rate, which leads to lactate accumulation and them acting as fuel for cancer cells. The consequent acidification of the TME results in immunosuppression, which impairs the antitumor immunity. This review analyzes the genetic background and the emerging glycolytic enzymes that are involved in tumor progression, development and metastasis, and how this represents feasible therapeutic targets to counteract PDA. In particular, as the overexpressed or mutated glycolytic enzymes stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses, we will discuss their possible exploitation as immunological targets in anti-PDA therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Curcio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Brugiapaglia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bulfamante
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Follia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Computer Science Department, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
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28
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive and invasive type of pancreatic cancer (PCa) and is expected to be the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths. The high mortality rate is due to the asymptomatic progression of the clinical features until the advanced stages of the disease and the limited effectiveness of the current therapeutics. Aberrant expression of several microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) has been related to PDAC progression and thus they could be potential early diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic predictors for PDAC. miRs are small (18 to 24 nucleotides long) non-coding RNAs, which regulate the expression of key genes by targeting their 3′-untranslated mRNA region. Increased evidence has also suggested that the chemoresistance of PDAC cells is associated with metabolic alterations. Metabolic stress and the dysfunctionality of systems to compensate for the altered metabolic status of PDAC cells is the foundation for cellular damage. Current data have implicated multiple systems as hallmarks of PDAC development, such as glutamine redox imbalance, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, both the aberrant expression of miRs and dysregulation in metabolism can have unfavorable effects in several biological processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, growth, survival, stress response, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, invasion, and migration. Therefore, due to these dismal statistics, it is crucial to develop beneficial therapeutic strategies based on an improved understanding of the biology of both miRs and metabolic mediators. This review focuses on miR-mediated pathways and therapeutic resistance mechanisms in PDAC and evaluates the impact of metabolic alterations in the progression of PDAC.
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29
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Mitochondrial uncoupler MB1-47 is efficacious in treating hepatic metastasis of pancreatic cancer in murine tumor transplantation models. Oncogene 2021; 40:2285-2295. [PMID: 33649533 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is aggressive cancer characterized by rapid progression, metastatic recurrence, and highly resistant to treatment. PDA cells exhibit aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, which reduces the flux of pyruvate into mitochondria. As a result, more glycolytic metabolites are shunted to pathways for the production of building blocks (e.g., ribose) and reducing agents (e.g., NADPH) for biosynthesis that are necessary for cell proliferation. In addition, PDA cells are highly addicted to glutamine for both maintaining biosynthetic pathways and achieving redox balance. Mitochondrial uncoupling facilitates proton influx across the mitochondrial inner membrane without generating ATP, leading to a futile cycle that consumes glucose metabolites and glutamine. We synthesized a new mitochondrial uncoupler MB1-47 and tested its effect on cancer cell metabolism and the anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer cell models and murine tumor transplantation models. MB1-47 uncouples mitochondria in the pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in: (1) the acceleration of pyruvate oxidation and TCA turnover; (2) increases in AMP/ATP and ADP/AMP ratios; and (3) a decrease in the synthesis rate of nucleotides and sugar nucleotides. Moreover, MB1-47 arrests cell cycle at G0-G1 phase, reduces clonogenicity, and inhibits cell growth of murine and human pancreatic cancer cells. In vivo studies showed that MB1-47 inhibits tumor growth in murine tumor transplantation models, and inhibits the hepatic metastasis when tumor cells were transplanted intrasplenically. Our results provide proof of concept for a potentially new strategy of treating PDA, and a novel prototype experimental drug for future studies and development.
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Stellate Cells Aid Growth-Permissive Metabolic Reprogramming and Promote Gemcitabine Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040601. [PMID: 33546284 PMCID: PMC7913350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The great majority, more than 90%, of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) die within less than five years after detection of the disease, despite recent treatment advances. The poor prognosis is related to late diagnosis, aggressive disease progression, and tumor resistance to conventional chemotherapy. PDAC tumor tissue is characterized by dense fibrosis and poor nutrient availability. A large portion of the tumor is made up of stromal fibroblasts, the pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which are known to contribute to tumor progression in several ways. PSCs have been shown to act as an alternate energy source, induce drug resistance, and inhibit drug availability in tumor cells, however, the underlying exact molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this literature review, we discuss recent available knowledge about the contributions of PSCs to the overall progression of PDAC via changes in tumor metabolism and how this is linked to therapy resistance. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), also known as pancreatic cancer (PC), is characterized by an overall poor prognosis and a five-year survival that is less than 10%. Characteristic features of the tumor are the presence of a prominent desmoplastic stromal response, an altered metabolism, and profound resistance to cancer drugs including gemcitabine, the backbone of PDAC chemotherapy. The pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) constitute the major cellular component of PDAC stroma. PSCs are essential for extracellular matrix assembly and form a supportive niche for tumor growth. Various cytokines and growth factors induce activation of PSCs through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, which in turn promote overall tumor growth and metastasis and induce chemoresistance. To maintain growth and survival in the nutrient-poor, hypoxic environment of PDAC, tumor cells fulfill their high energy demands via several unconventional ways, a process generally referred to as metabolic reprogramming. Accumulating evidence indicates that activated PSCs not only contribute to the therapy-resistant phenotype of PDAC but also act as a nutrient supplier for the tumor cells. However, the precise molecular links between metabolic reprogramming and an acquired therapy resistance in PDAC remain elusive. This review highlights recent findings indicating the importance of PSCs in aiding growth-permissive metabolic reprogramming and gemcitabine chemoresistance in PDAC.
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Abdel Hadi N, Reyes-Castellanos G, Carrier A. Targeting Redox Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041534. [PMID: 33546421 PMCID: PMC7913542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell metabolism is reprogrammed in cancer cells to meet their high bioenergetics and biosynthetic demands. This metabolic reprogramming is accompanied by alterations in redox metabolism, characterized by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Elevated production of ROS, mostly by mitochondrial respiration, is counteracted by higher production of antioxidant defenses (mainly glutathione and antioxidant enzymes). Cancer cells are adapted to a high concentration of ROS, which contributes to tumorigenesis, metastasis formation, resistance to therapy and relapse. Frequent genetic alterations observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) affect KRAS and p53 proteins, which have a role in ROS production and control, respectively. These observations led to the proposal of the use of antioxidants to prevent PDAC development and relapse. In this review, we focus on the therapeutic strategies to further increase ROS level to induce PDAC cell death. Combining the promotion of ROS production and inhibition of antioxidant capacity is a promising avenue for pancreatic cancer therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Carrier
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-491-828-829; Fax: +33-491-826-083
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Ye X, Wei X, Liao J, Chen P, Li X, Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhao Q, Sun H, Pan L, Chen G, He X, Lyu J, Fang H. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase-Like Protein Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Cell Progression and Is Associated With Glutamine-Mediated Redox Balance. Front Oncol 2021; 10:617190. [PMID: 33537239 PMCID: PMC7848781 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.617190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells develop a series of metabolic reprogramming mechanisms to meet the metabolic needs for tumor progression. As metabolic hubs in cells, mitochondria play a significant role in this process, including energy production, biosynthesis, and redox hemostasis. In this study, we show that 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like protein (HPDL), a previously uncharacterized protein, is positively associated with the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and disease prognosis. We found that overexpression of HPDL in PDAC cells promotes tumorigenesis in vitro, whereas knockdown of HPDL inhibits cell proliferation and colony formation. Mechanistically, we found that HPDL is a mitochondrial intermembrane space localized protein that positively regulates mitochondrial bioenergetic processes and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in a glutamine dependent manner. Our results further reveal that HPDL protects cells from oxidative stress by reprogramming the metabolic profile of PDAC cells toward glutamine metabolism. In short, we conclude that HPDL promotes PDAC likely through its effects on glutamine metabolism and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongya Zhao
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liming Pan
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, The Yuhuan Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xujun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Masoud R, Reyes-Castellanos G, Lac S, Garcia J, Dou S, Shintu L, Abdel Hadi N, Gicquel T, El Kaoutari A, Diémé B, Tranchida F, Cormareche L, Borge L, Gayet O, Pasquier E, Dusetti N, Iovanna J, Carrier A. Targeting Mitochondrial Complex I Overcomes Chemoresistance in High OXPHOS Pancreatic Cancer. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100143. [PMID: 33294863 PMCID: PMC7691450 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration (oxidative phosphorylation, OXPHOS) is an emerging target in currently refractory cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the variability of energetic metabolic adaptations between PDAC patients has not been assessed in functional investigations. In this work, we demonstrate that OXPHOS rates are highly heterogeneous between patient tumors, and that high OXPHOS tumors are enriched in mitochondrial respiratory complex I at protein and mRNA levels. Therefore, we treated PDAC cells with phenformin (complex I inhibitor) in combination with standard chemotherapy (gemcitabine), showing that this treatment is synergistic specifically in high OXPHOS cells. Furthermore, phenformin cooperates with gemcitabine in high OXPHOS tumors in two orthotopic mouse models (xenografts and syngeneic allografts). In conclusion, this work proposes a strategy to identify PDAC patients likely to respond to the targeting of mitochondrial energetic metabolism in combination with chemotherapy, and that phenformin should be clinically tested in appropriate PDAC patient subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawand Masoud
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Gabriela Reyes-Castellanos
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Lac
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Julie Garcia
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Samir Dou
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Shintu
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Abdel Hadi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Tristan Gicquel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Abdessamad El Kaoutari
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Binta Diémé
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Tranchida
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - Laurie Cormareche
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Borge
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Odile Gayet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Eddy Pasquier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Alice Carrier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13009 Marseille, France
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Li J, Eu JQ, Kong LR, Wang L, Lim YC, Goh BC, Wong ALA. Targeting Metabolism in Cancer Cells and the Tumour Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204831. [PMID: 33092283 PMCID: PMC7588013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting altered tumour metabolism is an emerging therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The metabolic reprogramming that accompanies the development of malignancy creates targetable differences between cancer cells and normal cells, which may be exploited for therapy. There is also emerging evidence regarding the role of stromal components, creating an intricate metabolic network consisting of cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and cancer stem cells. This metabolic rewiring and crosstalk with the tumour microenvironment play a key role in cell proliferation, metastasis, and the development of treatment resistance. In this review, we will discuss therapeutic opportunities, which arise from dysregulated metabolism and metabolic crosstalk, highlighting strategies that may aid in the precision targeting of altered tumour metabolism with a focus on combinatorial therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK;
| | - Jie Qing Eu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.Q.E.); (L.R.K.); (L.W.); (Y.C.L.); (B.C.G.)
| | - Li Ren Kong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.Q.E.); (L.R.K.); (L.W.); (Y.C.L.); (B.C.G.)
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.Q.E.); (L.R.K.); (L.W.); (Y.C.L.); (B.C.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Yaw Chyn Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.Q.E.); (L.R.K.); (L.W.); (Y.C.L.); (B.C.G.)
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.Q.E.); (L.R.K.); (L.W.); (Y.C.L.); (B.C.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Andrea L. A. Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.Q.E.); (L.R.K.); (L.W.); (Y.C.L.); (B.C.G.)
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6779-5555
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Macasoi I, Mioc A, Mioc M, Racoviceanu R, Soica I, Chevereșan A, Dehelean C, Dumitrașcu V. Targeting Mitochondria through the Use of Mitocans as Emerging Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5730-5757. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190712150638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key players with a multi-functional role in many vital cellular processes,
such as energy metabolism, redox regulation, calcium homeostasis, Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS) as well as in cell signaling, survival and apoptosis. These functions are mainly regulated
through important enzyme signaling cascades, which if altered may influence the outcome of cell
viability and apoptosis. Therefore some of the key enzymes that are vital for these signaling pathways
are emerging as important targets for new anticancer agent development. Mitocans are compounds
aimed at targeting mitochondria in cancer cells by altering mitochondrial functions thus
causing cell growth inhibition or apoptosis. This review summarizes the till present known classes
of mitocans, their mechanism of action and potential therapeutic use in different forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Irina Soica
- Earlscliffe Sixth Form, Earlscliffe, 29 Shorncliffe Road, Folkestone, CT20 2NB, United Kingdom
| | - Adelina Chevereșan
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Victor Dumitrașcu
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
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Xia W, Bai H, Deng Y, Yang Y. PLA2G16 is a mutant p53/KLF5 transcriptional target and promotes glycolysis of pancreatic cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12642-12655. [PMID: 32985124 PMCID: PMC7686977 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PLA2G16 is a member of the phospholipase family that catalyses the generation of lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) from phosphatidic acid. In the current study, we explored the functional role of PLA2G16 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and the genetic/epigenetic alterations leading to its dysregulation. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Then, PANC‐1 and MIA‐PaCa‐2 cells harbouring TP53 mutations were used for cellular and animal studies. Results showed that PL2G16 expression was significantly up‐regulated in PAAD tissue and was associated with unfavourable survival. PLA2G16 inhibition suppressed pancreatic cell growth in vitro and in vivo and also inhibited aerobic glycolysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that KLF5 was positively correlated with PLA2G16 expression in PAAD tumours with TP53 mutation. TP53 or KLF5 inhibition significantly reduced PLA2G16 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Dual‐luciferase and chromatin Immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays showed that KLF5 directly bound to the PLA2G16 promoter and activated its transcription. Co‐immunoprecipitation assay indicated that mutant p53 had a physical interaction with KLF5. Inhibition of mutant p53 impaired the transcriptional activating effects of KLF5. In PAAD cases in TCGA, PLA2G16 expression was positively correlated with its copy number (Pearson's r = 0.51, P < 0.001), but was strongly and negatively correlated with the methylation level of cg09518969 (Pearson's r = −0.64, P < 0.001), a 5’‐cytosine‐phosphodiester bond‐guanine‐3’ site within its gene locus. In conclusion, this study revealed a novel mutant p53/KLF5‐PLA2G16 regulatory axis on tumour growth and glycolysis in PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hansong Bai
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Adam K, Ning J, Reina J, Hunter T. NME/NM23/NDPK and Histidine Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5848. [PMID: 32823988 PMCID: PMC7461546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NME (Non-metastatic) family members, also known as NDPKs (nucleoside diphosphate kinases), were originally identified and studied for their nucleoside diphosphate kinase activities. This family of kinases is extremely well conserved through evolution, being found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but also diverges enough to create a range of complexity, with homologous members having distinct functions in cells. In addition to nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity, some family members are reported to possess protein-histidine kinase activity, which, because of the lability of phosphohistidine, has been difficult to study due to the experimental challenges and lack of molecular tools. However, over the past few years, new methods to investigate this unstable modification and histidine kinase activity have been reported and scientific interest in this area is growing rapidly. This review presents a global overview of our current knowledge of the NME family and histidine phosphorylation, highlighting the underappreciated protein-histidine kinase activity of NME family members, specifically in human cells. In parallel, information about the structural and functional aspects of the NME family, and the knowns and unknowns of histidine kinase involvement in cell signaling are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.); (J.R.)
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Reyes-Castellanos G, Masoud R, Carrier A. Mitochondrial Metabolism in PDAC: From Better Knowledge to New Targeting Strategies. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080270. [PMID: 32756381 PMCID: PMC7460249 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet bioenergetics and biosynthetic demands. The first observation of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells was made a century ago (“Warburg effect” or aerobic glycolysis), leading to the classical view that cancer metabolism relies on a glycolytic phenotype. There is now accumulating evidence that most cancers also rely on mitochondria to satisfy their metabolic needs. Indeed, the current view of cancer metabolism places mitochondria as key actors in all facets of cancer progression. Importantly, mitochondrial metabolism has become a very promising target in cancer therapy, including for refractory cancers such as Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC). In particular, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an important target in cancer therapy. Other therapeutic strategies include the targeting of glutamine and fatty acids metabolism, as well as the inhibition of the TriCarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. A better knowledge of how pancreatic cancer cells regulate mitochondrial metabolism will allow the identification of metabolic vulnerabilities and thus novel and more efficient therapeutic options for the benefit of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Carrier
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-491828829; Fax: +33-491826083
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PFKFB2 regulates glycolysis and proliferation in pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 470:115-129. [PMID: 32415418 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells increase glucose metabolism through glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways to meet the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of rapid cell proliferation. The family of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatases (PFKFB1-4) are key regulators of glucose metabolism via their synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP), a potent activator of glycolysis. Previous studies have reported the co-expression of PFKFB isozymes, as well as the mRNA splice variants of particular PFKFB isozymes, suggesting non-redundant functions. Majority of the evidence demonstrating a requirement for PFKFB activity in increased glycolysis and oncogenic properties in tumor cells comes from studies on PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 isozymes. In this study, we show that the PFKFB2 isozyme is expressed in tumor cell lines of various origin, overexpressed and localizes to the nucleus in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, relative to normal pancreatic tissue. We then demonstrate the differential intracellular localization of two PFKFB2 mRNA splice variants and that, when ectopically expressed, cytoplasmically localized mRNA splice variant causes a greater increase in F2,6BP which coincides with an increased glucose uptake, as compared with the mRNA splice variant localizing to the nucleus. We then show that PFKFB2 expression is required for steady-state F2,6BP levels, glycolytic activity, and proliferation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. In conclusion, this study may provide a rationale for detailed investigation of PFKFB2's requirement for the glycolytic and oncogenic phenotype of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.
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A modified arginine-depleting enzyme NEI-01 inhibits growth of pancreatic cancer cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231633. [PMID: 32353864 PMCID: PMC7192632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine deprivation cancer therapy targets certain types of malignancies with positive result in many studies and clinical trials. NEI-01 was designed as a novel arginine-depleting enzyme comprising an albumin binding domain capable of binding to human serum albumin to lengthen its half-life. In the present work, NEI-01 is shown to bind to serum albumin from various species, including mice, rat and human. Single intraperitoneal administration of NEI-01 to mice reduced plasma arginine to undetectable level for at least 9 days. Treatment of NEI-01 specifically inhibited cell viability of MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cancer cell lines, which were ASS1 negative. Using a human pancreatic mouse xenograft model, NEI-01 treatment significantly reduced tumor volume and weight. Our data provides proof of principle for a cancer treatment strategy using NEI-01.
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2-Deoxy-d-Glucose and Its Analogs: From Diagnostic to Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010234. [PMID: 31905745 PMCID: PMC6982256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) to interfere with d-glucose metabolism demonstrates that nutrient and energy deprivation is an efficient tool to suppress cancer cell growth and survival. Acting as a d-glucose mimic, 2-DG inhibits glycolysis due to formation and intracellular accumulation of 2-deoxy-d-glucose-6-phosphate (2-DG6P), inhibiting the function of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, and inducing cell death. In addition to glycolysis inhibition, other molecular processes are also affected by 2-DG. Attempts to improve 2-DG’s drug-like properties, its role as a potential adjuvant for other chemotherapeutics, and novel 2-DG analogs as promising new anticancer agents are discussed in this review.
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Whitehall JC, Greaves LC. Aberrant mitochondrial function in ageing and cancer. Biogerontology 2019; 21:445-459. [PMID: 31802313 PMCID: PMC7347693 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism have been described as one of the major hallmarks of both ageing cells and cancer. Age is the biggest risk factor for the development of a significant number of cancer types and this therefore raises the question of whether there is a link between age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and the advantageous changes in mitochondrial metabolism prevalent in cancer cells. A common underlying feature of both ageing and cancer cells is the presence of somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) which we postulate may drive compensatory alterations in mitochondrial metabolism that are advantageous for tumour growth. In this review, we discuss basic mitochondrial functions, mechanisms of mtDNA mutagenesis and their metabolic consequences, and review the evidence for and against a role for mtDNA mutations in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Whitehall
- The Medical School, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura C Greaves
- The Medical School, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Grant AD, Vail P, Padi M, Witkiewicz AK, Knudsen ES. Interrogating Mutant Allele Expression via Customized Reference Genomes to Define Influential Cancer Mutations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12766. [PMID: 31484939 PMCID: PMC6726654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations are essential for cancer initiation and progression. However, differentiating mutations that drive the tumor phenotype from mutations that do not affect tumor fitness remains a fundamental challenge in cancer biology. To better understand the impact of a given mutation within cancer, RNA-sequencing data was used to categorize mutations based on their allelic expression. For this purpose, we developed the MAXX (Mutation Allelic Expression Extractor) software, which is highly effective at delineating the allelic expression of both single nucleotide variants and small insertions and deletions. Results from MAXX demonstrated that mutations can be separated into three groups based on their expression of the mutant allele, lack of expression from both alleles, or expression of only the wild-type allele. By taking into consideration the allelic expression patterns of genes that are mutated in PDAC, it was possible to increase the sensitivity of widely used driver mutation detection methods, as well as identify subtypes that have prognostic significance and are associated with sensitivity to select classes of therapeutic agents in cell culture. Thus, differentiating mutations based on their mutant allele expression via MAXX represents a means to parse somatic variants in tumor genomes, helping to elucidate a gene’s respective role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Grant
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Paris Vail
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Megha Padi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | | | - Erik S Knudsen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Kishimoto S, Brender JR, Crooks DR, Matsumoto S, Seki T, Oshima N, Merkle H, Lin P, Reed G, Chen AP, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Munasinghe J, Saito K, Yamamoto K, Choyke PL, Mitchell J, Lane AN, Fan TWM, Linehan WM, Krishna MC. Imaging of glucose metabolism by 13C-MRI distinguishes pancreatic cancer subtypes in mice. eLife 2019; 8:e46312. [PMID: 31408004 PMCID: PMC6706239 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic differences among and within tumors can be an important determinant in cancer treatment outcome. However, methods for determining these differences non-invasively in vivo is lacking. Using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as a model, we demonstrate that tumor xenografts with a similar genetic background can be distinguished by their differing rates of the metabolism of 13C labeled glucose tracers, which can be imaged without hyperpolarization by using newly developed techniques for noise suppression. Using this method, cancer subtypes that appeared to have similar metabolic profiles based on steady state metabolic measurement can be distinguished from each other. The metabolic maps from 13C-glucose imaging localized lactate production and overall glucose metabolism to different regions of some tumors. Such tumor heterogeneity would not be not detectable in FDG-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jeffrey R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Daniel R Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Division of Bioengineering and BioinformaticsHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- JST, PRESTSaitamaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Nobu Oshima
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | | | - Penghui Lin
- Center for Environmental and Systems BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
| | | | | | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen
- GE HealthCareChicagoUnited States
- Department of Electrical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Keita Saito
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - James Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
| | - Teresa WM Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
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Takahashi H, Katsuta E, Yan L, Dasgupta S, Takabe K. High expression of Annexin A2 is associated with DNA repair, metabolic alteration, and worse survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Surgery 2019; 166:150-156. [PMID: 31171367 PMCID: PMC6661011 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a known driver of cancer progression. We investigated what mechanism associates with ANXA2 high expression and its survival impact using a bioinformatic approach in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Primary pancreatic tumor (n = 185) cohort in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene set enrichment analysis were used. RESULTS There were no significant associations between ANXA2 expression and clinicopathologic features of the patients investigated. The ANXA2 high tumors enriched some of the known downstream signaling, such as NF-κB (P = .028) and tumor necrosis factor (P = .044) pathways, whereas others, such as angiogenesis or epithelial-mesenchymal transition, were not associated. ANXA2 high expression tumors enriched DNA repair-related gene sets (DNA repair; P = .011, p53 pathway; P = .036) and cell proliferation-related gene sets (MYC targets; P = .041). In addition, new association with metabolism related gene sets, such as glycolysis (P = .016), nucleic acid metabolism (P = .001), and pyrimidine metabolism (P = .004) were identified in the ANXA2 high group. Patients with high ANXA2 expression demonstrated significantly worse disease-free survival (P = .001) and overall survival (P = .014), with high ANXA2 being an independent risk factor. CONCLUSION High ANXA2 expression was associated with NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor signaling, DNA repair, cell proliferation, and metabolic alteration and worse prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Eriko Katsuta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY; Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Snail-Overexpression Induces Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition and Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Non-tumorigenic Ductal Cells. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060822. [PMID: 31181802 PMCID: PMC6617272 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger transcription factor Snail is a known effector of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that underlies the enhanced invasiveness and chemoresistance of common to cancerous cells. Induction of Snail-driven EMT has also been shown to drive a range of pro-survival metabolic adaptations in different cancers. In the present study, we sought to determine the specific role that Snail has in driving EMT and adaptive metabolic programming in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by overexpressing Snail in a PDAC cell line, Panc1, and in immortalized, non-tumorigenic human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. Snail overexpression was able to induce EMT in both pancreatic cell lines through suppression of epithelial markers and upregulation of mesenchymal markers alongside changes in cell morphology and enhanced migratory capacity. Snail-overexpressed pancreatic cells additionally displayed increased glucose uptake and lactate production with concomitant reduction in oxidative metabolism measurements. Snail overexpression reduced maximal respiration in both Panc1 and HPDE cells, with further reductions seen in ATP production, spare respiratory capacity and non-mitochondrial respiration in Snail overexpressing Panc1 cells. Accordingly, lower expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins was observed with Snail overexpression, particularly within Panc1 cells. Modelling of 13C metabolite flux within both cell lines revealed decreased carbon flux from glucose in the TCA cycle in snai1-overexpressing Panc1 cells only. This work further highlights the role that Snail plays in EMT and demonstrates its specific effects on metabolic reprogramming of glucose metabolism in PDAC.
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Panebianco C, Potenza A, Andriulli A, Pazienza V. Exploring the microbiota to better understand gastrointestinal cancers physiology. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:1400-1412. [PMID: 29630505 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers account for around 40% of cancer-related deaths worldwide, representing a global health burden. There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the link between microbiota and gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and/or resistance to therapy. In the present manuscript, we reviewed the published studies on the relationship between the microbiota and the different gastrointestinal tumors, namely, gastric, colorectal and esophageal, including also the cancer of accessory organs such as liver and pancreas. There is an emergent interest in the manipulation of gastrointestinal microflora in order to understand the gastrointestinal tumorigenesis' processes and the establishment of chemoresistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Panebianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Adele Potenza
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy, Phone: +39-0882.416281, Fax: +39-0882.410271
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Yarrow supercritical extract exerts antitumoral properties by targeting lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214294. [PMID: 30913248 PMCID: PMC6435158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is considered a hallmark of cancer. Currently, the altered lipid metabolism in cancer is a topic of interest due to the prominent role of lipids regulating the progression of various types of tumors. Lipids and lipid-derived molecules have been shown to activate growth regulatory pathways and to promote malignancy in pancreatic cancer. In a previous work, we have described the antitumoral properties of Yarrow (Achillea Millefolium) CO2 supercritical extract (Yarrow SFE) in pancreatic cancer. Herein, we aim to investigate the underlaying molecular mechanisms by which Yarrow SFE induces cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells. Yarrow SFE downregulates SREBF1 and downstream molecular targets of this transcription factor, such as fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Importantly, we demonstrate the in vivo effect of Yarrow SFE diminishing the tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Our data suggest that Yarrow SFE can be proposed as a complementary adjuvant or nutritional supplement in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Jagust P, de Luxán-Delgado B, Parejo-Alonso B, Sancho P. Metabolism-Based Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:203. [PMID: 30967773 PMCID: PMC6438930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity constitutes the major source of disease progression and therapy failure. Tumors comprise functionally diverse subpopulations, with cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the source of this heterogeneity. Since these cells bear in vivo tumorigenicity and metastatic potential, survive chemotherapy and drive relapse, its elimination may be the only way to achieve long-term survival in patients. Thanks to the great advances in the field over the last few years, we know now that cellular metabolism and stemness are highly intertwined in normal development and cancer. Indeed, CSCs show distinct metabolic features as compared with their more differentiated progenies, though their dominant metabolic phenotype varies across tumor entities, patients and even subclones within a tumor. Following initial works focused on glucose metabolism, current studies have unveiled particularities of CSC metabolism in terms of redox state, lipid metabolism and use of alternative fuels, such as amino acids or ketone bodies. In this review, we describe the different metabolic phenotypes attributed to CSCs with special focus on metabolism-based therapeutic strategies tested in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jagust
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz de Luxán-Delgado
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Parejo-Alonso
- Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
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Kriel J, Loos B. The good, the bad and the autophagosome: exploring unanswered questions of autophagy-dependent cell death. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:640-652. [PMID: 30659234 PMCID: PMC6460391 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of autosis as a variant of autophagy-dependent cell death has challenged the conventional understanding of cell death and programmed cell death in cellular decision making. In contrast to previous accounts of distinct cell death modalities, autosis occurs with high autophagic activity, in the absence of apoptotic and necrotic markers and yet is not fully regulated by typical autophagy markers. Given the metabolic importance of autophagic responses and the extensive cross-talk with both apoptosis and necrosis signalling, the classical and morphotype-driven characterization of cell death as pre-determined subroutines is being increasingly called into question. Furthermore, the conflicting evidence with regards to cell death induction through autophagy modulation in various cancer models highlights the lack of consensus over the extent to which autophagy assists in cell death ontrol and whether it is capable of being a bona fide lethal process. This review evaluates the evidence and context of autophagy-dependent cell death and delineates the role of an autophagic flux threshold associated with 'lethal' and 'non-lethal' autophagy and its role in autosis control. In doing so, cancer treatment avenues will be explored with regards to precision modulation of tumour autophagic flux to ascertain whether autosis induction may present a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Kriel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
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