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Chi ZC. Progress in understanding of relationship between inflammation and tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2024; 32:23-40. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been clear evidence that inflammation plays a key role in tumorigenesis. Tumor extrinsic inflammation is caused by many factors, including bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, etc., all of which can increase cancer risk and stimulate malignant progression. Conversely, inflammation inherent in cancer or caused by cancer can be triggered by cancer-initiating mutations and can promote malignant progression through recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells. Both exogenous and endogenous inflammation can lead to immunosuppression, thus providing a preferred opportunity for tumor development. Studies have confirmed that chronic inflammation is involved in various steps of tumorigenesis, including cell transformation, promotion, survival, prolifer-ation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Recent research has shed new light on the molecular and cellular circuits between inflammation and cancer. Two pathways have been preliminarily identified: Intrinsic and extrinsic. In the intrinsic pathway, genetic events leading to tumors initiate the expression of inflammatory related programs and guide the construction of the inflammatory microenvironment. In the extrinsic pathway, inflammatory conditions promote the development of cancer. This article reviews the recent progress in the understanding of the relationship between inflammation and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Chun Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Henriquez-Camacho C, Hijas-Gomez AI, Risco Risco C, Ruiz Lapuente MA, Escudero-Sanchez R, Cuerda VM. Lamivudine and Entecavir for Acute Hepatitis B: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2023; 15:2241. [PMID: 38005918 PMCID: PMC10675181 DOI: 10.3390/v15112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hepatitis B infection is associated with severe liver disease and chronic sequelae in some cases. The purpose of this review was to determine the efficacy of nucleoside analogues (NA) (lamivudine versus entecavir) compared to placebo or no intervention for treating acute primary HBV infection. METHODS A meta-analysis for drug intervention was performed, following a fixed-effect model. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized studies that evaluated the outcomes of NA in acute hepatitis B infection were included. The following outcomes were considered: virological cure (PCR negative), elimination of acute infection (seroconversion of HBsAg), mortality, and serious adverse events. RESULTS Five trials with 627 adult participants with severe acute hepatitis B defined by biochemical and serologic parameters were included. Virological cure did not favor any intervention: OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.7 (p = 0.90), I2 = 58%. Seroconversion of HBsAg to negative favored placebo/standard-of-care compared to lamivudine: OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.9 (p = 0.02), I2 = 31%. The only trial that compared entecavir and lamivudine favored entecavir over lamivudine (OR: 3.64, 95% CI 1.31-10.13; 90 participants). Adverse events were mild. CONCLUSION There is insufficient evidence that NA obtain superior efficacy compared with placebo/standard-of-care in patients with acute viral hepatitis, based on low quality evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Henriquez-Camacho
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Isabel Hijas-Gomez
- Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias (AETS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rosa Escudero-Sanchez
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, CIBERINFEC, ISIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IRYCIS, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno Cuerda
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain;
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Ades AE, Gordon F, Scott K, Collins IJ, Thorne C, Pembrey L, Chappell E, Mariné-Barjoan E, Butler K, Indolfi G, Gibb DM, Judd A. Spontaneous Clearance of Vertically Acquired Hepatitis C Infection: Implications for Testing and Treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:913-991. [PMID: 35396848 PMCID: PMC9989140 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend that infants born to women with hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia be screened for HCV antibody at age 18 months and, if positive, referred for RNA testing at 3 years to confirm chronic infection. This policy is based, in part, on analyses that suggest that 25%-40% of vertically acquired HCV infections clear spontaneously within 4-5 years. METHODS Data on 179 infants with HCV RNA and/or anti-HCV evidence of vertically acquired infection in 3 prospective European cohorts were investigated. Ages at clearance of infection were estimated taking account of interval censoring and delayed entry. We also investigated clearance in initially HCV RNA-negative infants in whom RNA was not detectable until after 6 weeks. RESULTS Clearance rates were initially high then declined slowly. Apparently, many infections clear before they can be confirmed. An estimated 65.9% (95% credible interval [CrI], 50.1-81.6) of confirmed infections cleared by 5 years, at a median 12.4 (CrI, 7.1-18.9) months. If treatment were to begin at age 6 months, 18 months, or 3 years, at least 59.0% (CrI, 42.0-76.9), 39.7% (CrI, 17.9-65.9), and 20.9% (CrI, 4.6-44.8) of those treated would clear without treatment. In 7 (6.6%) confirmed infections, RNA was not detectable until after 6 weeks and not until after 6 months in 2 (1.9%). However, all such cases subsequently cleared. CONCLUSIONS Most confirmed infection cleared by age 3 years. Treatment before age 3, if it was available, would avoid loss to follow-up but would result in substantial overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Ades
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiana Gordon
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Scott
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Intira Jeannie Collins
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Thorne
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Pembrey
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Chappell
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugènia Mariné-Barjoan
- Public Health Department, Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Karina Butler
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin and Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Meyer Children’s Hospital and Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Diana M Gibb
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Judd
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Jing W, Yuan Y, Liu M, Ye H, Kong C, Liu J, Wu Y. Ethnic Disparities in Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among 1 Million Reproductive-Age Couples Preparing for Pregnancy in the Rural Yunnan, China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:799873. [PMID: 35155476 PMCID: PMC8826067 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.799873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and China has the largest disease burden. We aim to understand the ethnic disparities in HBV infection among the married reproductive-age couples planning for pregnancy in Yunnan, a multiethnic province in Southwest China, to increase the health equities within the hepatitis response in China. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was performed. Couples aged 20-49 years in rural Yunnan were enrolled through the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project from Jan 2014 to Dec 2019. HBsAg-positive couples were defined as couples in which one or both were HBsAg-positive, and HBsAg- and HBeAg-positive couples were defined as couples in which one or both were HBsAg- and HBeAg-positive. The HBV prevalence of positive couples was estimated by ethnicity. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between ethnicity and HBsAg status. RESULTS Overall, 63,513 of 1,060,643 couples (5.99%, 95% CI, 5.94%-6.03%) were HBsAg-positive, and 15,898 of 63,513 HBsAg-positive couples (25.03%, 95% CI 24.69%-25.37%) were HBsAg- and HBeAg-positive couples in rural Yunnan. The highest prevalence of HBsAg-positive couples was in the Miao and Miao ethnicity (12.04%) and Zhuang and Zhuang ethnicity (9.76%), and the risk of HBV infection of wives/husbands in these ethnic groups was significantly higher than that in the Han and Han ethnicity. Additionally, the HBsAg prevalence in wives/husbands has increased with the positive status of HBsAg and HBeAg of their spouses. CONCLUSION The HBV prevalence in reproductive-age couples was intermediate (6% of 1 million couples) in rural Yunnan, China, with the highest in the Miao and Zhuang ethnicities. There are still large ethnic disparities in HBV infection in China. Therefore, China should make great efforts, especially giving priority to ethnic minorities and taking positive couples as an important unit of care, to equitably eliminate the HBV intrafamilial transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhan Jing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Yuan
- Reproductive Epidemiology Laboratory, Yunnan Population and Family Planning Research Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfeng Ye
- Reproductive Epidemiology Laboratory, Yunnan Population and Family Planning Research Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Cai Kong
- Reproductive Epidemiology Laboratory, Yunnan Population and Family Planning Research Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Peliganga LB, Mello VM, de Sousa PSF, Horta MAP, Soares ÁD, Nunes JPDS, Nobrega M, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Transfusion Transmissible Infections in Blood Donors in the Province of Bié, Angola, during a 15-Year Follow-Up, Imply the Need for Pathogen Reduction Technologies. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121633. [PMID: 34959588 PMCID: PMC8705259 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs), caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunode-ficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis, have a high global impact, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated the trend of these infections over time in blood donors in Angola. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among blood donors in Angola from 2005 to 2020. Additionally, frozen samples obtained from blood donors in 2007 were investigated to identify chronic HCV carriers and possible occult HBV infection (OBI). The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis was 8.5, 3, 2.1, and 4.4%, respectively, among 57,979 blood donors. HBV was predominant among male donors, while the remaining TTIs were predominant among women. Donors >50 years had a significantly high prevalence for all TTIs. Chronic HCV infection was ab-sent in 500 samples tested and OBI was present in 3%. Our results show the continued high prev-alence of TTIs among blood donors in Angola. Most infections showed a significantly low preva-lence in years with campaigns seeking voluntary blood donors, thus, reinforcing the importance of this type of donor to ensure safe blood. Africa, with a high prevalence of diverse pathogens, should consider cost-effective pathogen reduction technologies, once they are commercially accessible, to increase the availability of safe blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Baião Peliganga
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
- Disease Control Department, National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
- Internal Medicine Investigation Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola
| | - Vinicius Motta Mello
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
| | - Paulo Sergio Fonseca de Sousa
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
| | | | | | - João Pedro da Silva Nunes
- Laboratory of Experimental Vaccines, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil;
| | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-(21)-991-921-519
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Liu W, Deng Y, Li Z, Chen Y, Zhu X, Tan X, Cao G. Cancer Evo-Dev: A Theory of Inflammation-Induced Oncogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768098. [PMID: 34880864 PMCID: PMC8645856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a prerequisite for the development of cancers. Here, we present the framework of a novel theory termed as Cancer Evolution-Development (Cancer Evo-Dev) based on the current understanding of inflammation-related carcinogenesis, especially hepatocarcinogenesis induced by chronic infection with hepatitis B virus. The interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental exposures, such as viral infection, maintains chronic non-resolving inflammation. Pollution, metabolic syndrome, physical inactivity, ageing, and adverse psychosocial exposure also increase the risk of cancer via inducing chronic low-grade smoldering inflammation. Under the microenvironment of non-resolving inflammation, pro-inflammatory factors facilitate the generation of somatic mutations and viral mutations by inducing the imbalance between the mutagenic forces such as cytidine deaminases and mutation-correcting forces including uracil-DNA glycosylase. Most cells with somatic mutations and mutated viruses are eliminated in survival competition. Only a small percentage of mutated cells survive, adapt to the hostile environment, retro-differentiate, and function as cancer-initiating cells via altering signaling pathways. These cancer-initiating cells acquire stem-ness, reprogram metabolic patterns, and affect the microenvironment. The carcinogenic process follows the law of "mutation-selection-adaptation". Chronic physical activity reduces the levels of inflammation via upregulating the activity and numbers of NK cells and lymphocytes and lengthening leukocyte telomere; downregulating proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 and senescent lymphocytes especially in aged population. Anti-inflammation medication reduces the occurrence and recurrence of cancers. Targeting cancer stemness signaling pathways might lead to cancer eradication. Cancer Evo-Dev not only helps understand the mechanisms by which inflammation promotes the development of cancers, but also lays the foundation for effective prophylaxis and targeted therapy of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Zishuai Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Shuaibu UY, Giwa JF, Abdulaziz MM, Tanko LZ, Avidime S, Olayinka TA. Seroprevalence and Factors Associated with Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Antenatal Attendees in ABUTH Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. Niger Med J 2021; 62:318-324. [PMID: 38736510 PMCID: PMC11087684 DOI: 10.60787/nmj-62-6-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nigeria is one of the sub-Saharan African countries within the World Health Organization's (WHO) hyperendemic region for hepatitis B virus infection with prevalence greater than 8%. In this region, mother-to-child transmission is the major route of infection and approximately 90% of newborns of mothers who are seropositive for HBsAg and HBeAg become chronic carriers with a 25% risk of developing chronic liver diseases. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, and factors associated with risk of hepatitis B virus infection among antenatal attendees in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria. Methodology A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women Rattending the antenatal booking clinic of ABUTH, Zaria from August 2017 to January 2018. Systematic random sampling was used. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for HBV infection. Blood samples were collected and tested using the third generation ELISAkit for HBsAg (Monolisa HBsAg ULTRA BIORAD, France) and HBeAg(HBeAg & Ab, DiaPro Diagnostic Bioprobes Milano Italy). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 (IBM USA, 2011). Statistical testing was carried out with chi-squareand level of significance set as P<0.05. Results The mean age of the respondents was 26 ± 6.1 years, the highest HBV seropositivity occurred in the age group 21-25 years from a total of 192 participants. The seroprevalence of HBV obtained was 15.1%. Only1(3.4%) woman was positive for HBeAg among the 29 HBsAg seropositive women. Past history of unsafe injections was the only risk factor significantly associated with HBV seropositivity (x2= 5.628 p-value= 0.023). Conclusions The seropositivity of hepatitis B virus was high among pregnant women. Interventions targeted at injection safety will help reduce the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Yahaya Shuaibu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria
| | - Jummai Fatima Giwa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
| | - Muhammad Mukhtar Abdulaziz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
| | - Lamido Zainab Tanko
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna
| | - Solomon Avidime
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
| | - Tolulope Adebola Olayinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
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Moustafa A, Khalel RS, Aziz RK. Traces of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Peripheral Blood Cells of Patients with COVID-19. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:475-483. [PMID: 34280038 PMCID: PMC8377512 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third virus that caused coronavirus-related outbreaks over the past 20 years. The outbreak was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, but rapidly progressed into a pandemic of an unprecedented scale since the 1918 flu pandemic. Besides respiratory complications in patients with COVID-19, clinical characterization of severe infection cases showed several other comorbidities, including multiple organ failure, and septic shock. To better understand the systemic pathogenesis of COVID-19, we interrogated the virus's presence in the peripheral blood cells, which might provide a form of trafficking or hiding to the virus. By analyzing >2 billion sequence reads of high-throughput transcriptome sequence data from 180 samples of patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection or healthy controls collected from 6 studies, we found evidence of traces of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in two samples from two independent studies. In contrast, the viral RNA was abundant in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from the same patients. We also devised a “viral spike-to-actin” RNA normalization as a metric to compare across various samples and minimize errors caused by intersample variability in total human RNA abundance. Our observation suggests immune presentation and discounts the possibility of extensive viral infection of lymphocytes or monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Moustafa
- Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Lab, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
- Address correspondence to: Ahmed Moustafa, PhD, Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Rana Salah Khalel
- Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramy K. Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
- Ramy K. Aziz, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Pisano MB, Giadans CG, Flichman DM, Ré VE, Preciado MV, Valva P. Viral hepatitis update: Progress and perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4018-4044. [PMID: 34326611 PMCID: PMC8311538 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis, secondary to infection with hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses, are a major public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite the huge medical advances achieved in recent years, there are still points of conflict concerning the pathogenesis, immune response, development of new and more effective vaccines, therapies, and treatment. This review focuses on the most important research topics that deal with issues that are currently being solved, those that remain to be solved, and future research directions. For hepatitis A virus we will address epidemiology, molecular surveillance, new susceptible populations as well as environmental and food detections. In the case of hepatitis B virus, we will discuss host factors related to disease, diagnosis, therapy, and vaccine improvement. On hepatitis C virus, we will focus on pathogenesis, immune response, direct action antivirals treatment in the context of solid organ transplantation, issues related to hepatocellular carcinoma development, direct action antivirals resistance due to selection of resistance-associated variants, and vaccination. Regarding hepatitis D virus, we describe diagnostic methodology, pathogenesis, and therapy. Finally, for hepatitis E virus, we will address epidemiology (including new emerging species), diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment, the development of a vaccine, and environmental surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Pisano
- Virology Institute, CONICET, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Cordoba X5016, Argentina
| | - Cecilia G Giadans
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP) CONICET-GCBA, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, CABA C1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego M Flichman
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations in Retrovirus and AIDS (INBIRS), School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, CABA C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana E Ré
- Virology Institute, CONICET, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Cordoba X5016, Argentina
| | - María V Preciado
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP) CONICET-GCBA, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, CABA C1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pamela Valva
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP) CONICET-GCBA, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, CABA C1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Bierhoff M, Angkurawaranon C, Rijken MJ, Sriprawa K, Kobphan P, Nosten FN, van Vugt M, McGready R, Devine A. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in pregnancy for prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B in a rural setting on the Thailand-Myanmar border: a cost-effectiveness analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:157. [PMID: 33618698 PMCID: PMC7901182 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is transmitted from mother to child which can be prevented via birth dose vaccine combined with three follow up hepatitis B vaccines, hepatitis B immunoglobulins (HBIG), and maternal antiviral treatment with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF). This study evaluates the cost effectiveness of six strategies to prevent perinatal HBV transmission in a resource limited setting (RLS) on the Thailand-Myanmar border. METHODS The cost effectiveness of six strategies was tested by a decision tree model in R. All strategies included birth and follow up vaccinations and compared cost per infection averted against two willingness to pay thresholds: one-half and one gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Strategies were: 1) Vaccine only, 2) HBIG after rapid diagnostic test (RDT): infants born to HBsAg+ are given HBIG, 3) TDF after RDT: HBsAg+ women are given TDF, 4) TDF after HBeAg test: HBeAg+ women are given TDF, 5) TDF after high HBV DNA: women with HBV DNA > 200,000 are given TDF, 6) HBIG & TDF after high HBV DNA: women with HBV DNA > 200,000 are given TDF and their infants are given HBIG. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted on the cost-effective strategies. RESULTS Vaccine only was the least costly option with TDF after HBeAg test strategy as the only cost-effective alternative. TDF after HBeAg test had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$1062; which would not be considered cost-effective with the lower threshold of one-half GDP per capita. The one-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results were reasonably robust to changes in single parameter values. The PSA showed that TDF after HBeAg test had an 84% likelihood of being cost effective at a willingness to pay threshold of one GDP per capita per infection averted. CONCLUSIONS We found that TDF after HBeAg test has the potential to be cost-effective if TDF proves effective locally to prevent perinatal HBV transmission. The cost of TDF treatment and reliability of the RDT could be barriers to implementing this strategy. While TDF after RDT may be a more feasible strategy to implement in RLS, TDF after HBeAg test is a less costly option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Bierhoff
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110 Thailand ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaisiri Angkurawaranon
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Marcus J. Rijken
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kanlaya Sriprawa
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110 Thailand
| | - Pachinee Kobphan
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110 Thailand
| | - Francois N. Nosten
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110 Thailand ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Michèle van Vugt
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rose McGready
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110 Thailand ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Angela Devine
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XDivision of Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkvilles, Australia
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11
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Bierhoff M, Smolders EJ, Tarning J, Burger DM, Spijker R, Rijken MJ, Angkurawaranon C, McGready R, White NJ, Nosten F, van Vugt M. Pharmacokinetics of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in pregnancy and lactation: a systematic review. Antivir Ther 2020; 24:529-540. [PMID: 31868655 DOI: 10.3851/imp3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), the oral prodrug of tenofovir (TFV), is advocated in pregnancy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMCT) with failure of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccination. The pharmacokinetics of TDF monotherapy for PMCT-HBV is important if deployment is to emulate the success of multiple antiretrovirals (ARVs) for PMCT-HIV in resource-constrained settings. METHODS This systematic review followed a protocol and is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA) guidelines. We included studies that enrolled pregnant women who received oral TDF therapy as monotherapy or in combination with other ARVs: irrespective of the reason for receiving the drug (for example, HIV, HBV or pre-exposure prophylaxis); and reported pharmacokinetics. RESULTS The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and last measurable plasma concentration (Clast) of TFV were decreased in the second and third trimester compared with first trimester or post-partum. In none of the manuscripts was the non-pregnant HBV threshold of Cmax of 300 ng/ml reached, but the 50% effective concentration (EC50) of TFV is lower for treatment of HBV compared with HIV. The TFV concentration in breastfed infants was 0.03% of the recommended infant dose. CONCLUSIONS Most knowledge of pharmacokinetics of TFV in pregnancy results from studies on HIV involving multiple ARVs. Increased TFV clearance occurred in the second and third trimester when optimal TFV concentrations are required to maximize suppression of HBV in the window before birth. Dose or duration adjustments will be better conceptualized with concurrent analysis of the pharmacokinetics of TFV monotherapy and hepatitis B pharmacodynamics in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Bierhoff
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.,Department of Internal Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elise J Smolders
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Joel Tarning
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David M Burger
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rene Spijker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus J Rijken
- Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Julius Centre Global Health, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chaisiri Angkurawaranon
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J White
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michèle van Vugt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Baruti K, Lentz K, Anderson M, Ajibola G, Phinius BB, Choga WT, Mbangiwa T, Powis KM, Sebunya T, Blackard JT, Lockman S, Moyo S, Shapiro R, Gaseitsiwe S. Hepatitis B virus prevalence and vaccine antibody titers in children HIV exposed but uninfected in Botswana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237252. [PMID: 32764801 PMCID: PMC7413399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Botswana introduced the HBV vaccine at birth for all newborns in 2000. To the best of our knowledge, since the introduction of HBV vaccination, there have been limited data for vaccine response to HBV and its impact on early childhood HBV infections among children HIV exposed but uninfected in Botswana. Aims To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV vaccine response in 18 months old children HIV exposed but uninfected in Botswana. Methods Stored plasma samples from 304 children at 18 months of age and 287 mothers from delivery were tested for HBsAg. Mothers with positive HBsAg had HBV DNA level tested, and their HBV genotypes were determined by amplifying a 415-base pair (bp) region of the surface gene. Plasma samples from children exposed to HIV were tested for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers. Results No children (0 of 304) were positive for HBsAg at 18 months while 5 (1.74%) of 287 HIV-positive mothers were HBsAg positive. Four of the HBsAg positive mothers were infected with genotype A1, while 1 was infected with genotype E. The median anti-HBs titer in children was 174 mIU/mL [QR: 70, 457]. Three (1.1%) of 269 children had an inadequate vaccine response (<10 mIU/mL), while 266 (98.9%) of 269 had protective immunity. However, when using the ≥100mIU/mL threshold, only 170 (63.2%) of 269 children had complete protection. Conclusion No HBsAg positivity was identified in a cohort of children HIV exposed but uninfected. The absence of HBsAg positives was associated with good HBV vaccine responses and low maternal HBsAg prevalence in Botswana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabo Baruti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kayla Lentz
- Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Wonderful T. Choga
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tshepiso Mbangiwa
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kathleen M. Powis
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Theresa Sebunya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Jason T. Blackard
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roger Shapiro
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Simani Gaseitsiwe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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13
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Ezzikouri S, Hoque Kayesh ME, Benjelloun S, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Targeting Host Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Achieve the Functional Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020216. [PMID: 32403281 PMCID: PMC7349973 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of an effective preventive vaccine for hepatitis B virus (HBV) for over 38 years, chronic HBV (CHB) infection remains a global health burden with around 257 million patients. The ideal treatment goal for CHB infection would be to achieve complete cure; however, current therapies such as peg-interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogs are unable to achieve the functional cure, the newly set target for HBV chronic infection. Considering the fact functional cure has been accepted as an endpoint in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B by scientific committee, the development of alternative therapeutic strategies is urgently needed to functionally cure CHB infection. A promising target for future therapeutic strategies is immune modulation to restore dysfunctional HBV-specific immunity. In this review, we provide an overview of the progress in alternative therapeutic strategies, including immune-based therapeutic approaches that enhance host innate and adaptive immunity to achieve and increase the functional cure from CHB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca 20250, Morocco;
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Correspondence: (S.E.); (K.T.-K.); Tel.: +212-5-2243-4470 (S.E.); Tel./Fax: +81-99-285-3589 (K.T.-K.)
| | - Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Soumaya Benjelloun
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca 20250, Morocco;
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Correspondence: (S.E.); (K.T.-K.); Tel.: +212-5-2243-4470 (S.E.); Tel./Fax: +81-99-285-3589 (K.T.-K.)
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14
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Accrombessi M, Adetola CV, Bacharou S, Dossou Y, Avokpaho E, Yakoubou A, Koumakpai-Adeothy S, Lozes E, Issifou S. Assessment of the anti-HBs antibody response in Beninese infants following 4 doses of HBV vaccine, including administration at birth, compared to the standard 3 doses regime; a cross-sectional survey. Vaccine 2019; 38:1787-1793. [PMID: 31866185 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains one of the major neglected health issues worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), HBV endemicity is high, with more than 8% of the population being chronic HBV carriers. Recently, WHO recommended that all infants should receive their first dose of the HBV vaccine as soon as possible after birth. Unfortunately, the incorporation of a birth dose of HBV in the expanded programme immunization (EPI) has not occurred in the majority of countries in SSA. From April to September 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in two vaccine units located in southern Benin. We assessed the sustained anti-HBs antibody response in infants induced by a standard scheme of 3 doses of HBV vaccination (6, 10, 14 weeks) in comparison to a scheme of 4 doses with a birth dose included (0, 6, 10, 14 weeks). Blood samples were systematically collected in the first 140 children aged 9 months and their mothers who had consented to participate for the detection of HBs antigen and the quantification of anti-HBs antibodies. The prevalence of HBV infection among infants and mothers was 2.2% and 7.1%, respectively. Infants who received 4 doses of HBV vaccine had a significantly higher level of anti-HBs antibody than those who received 3 doses of vaccine (557.9 UI/L vs. 386.9 UI/L, respectively, P = 0.03). We also showed that the scheme of 4 doses was associated with a significantly higher sustained protective response in comparison to the scheme of 3 doses (aOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.03-6.03, P = 0.04). This result provides further evidence of the importance of administering HBV vaccine at birth, but also highlights the importance for the prevention of vertical transmissions. Additional studies are needed to better establish the cost-effectiveness of such a 4 doses immunization strategy before implementing the HBV vaccination at birth in the EPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Accrombessi
- Fondation pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Cotonou, Benin; Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin (IRCB), Abomey-Calavi, Benin; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Crepin Victor Adetola
- Laboratoire de l'Antenne Départementale de l'Agence Nationale pour la Transfusion Sanguine, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Salwane Bacharou
- Unité de Vaccination du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Mère et de l'Enfant Lagune (CHU-MEL), Cotonou, Benin; Unité de Vaccination du Centre de Santé de Cotonou I, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Yannelle Dossou
- Fondation pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Cotonou, Benin; Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin (IRCB), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Euripide Avokpaho
- Fondation pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Cotonou, Benin; Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin (IRCB), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Annatou Yakoubou
- Unité de Vaccination du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Mère et de l'Enfant Lagune (CHU-MEL), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Sikiratou Koumakpai-Adeothy
- Unité de Vaccination du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Mère et de l'Enfant Lagune (CHU-MEL), Cotonou, Benin; Unité de Vaccination du Centre de Santé de Cotonou I, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Evelyne Lozes
- Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Saadou Issifou
- Fondation pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Cotonou, Benin; Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin (IRCB), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
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15
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Alassan KS, Imorou RS, Sonombiti H, Salifou K, Ouendo EM. [Seroprevalence and factors associated with viral hepatitis B among pregnant women in Parakou, Republic of Benin]. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:226. [PMID: 31692755 PMCID: PMC6814903 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.226.19429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
L'objectif est de déterminer la séroprévalence et les facteurs associés à l'hépatite virale B chez les gestantes au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou (CHUD-B). Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique avec recueil prospectif des données. Elle a porté sur les gestantes suivies et/ou ayant accouchées au CHUD-B du 1er avril 2017 au 30 juin 2017. Étaient incluses, celles ayant données leur consentement à participer à l'étude. Les variables étudiées étaient les données sociodémographiques des gestantes et le résultat de l'AgHBs. La recherche de l'AgHBs sur les prélèvements sanguins des gestantes était faite par un test biologique de diagnostic rapide. Les résultats positifs étaient confirmés par la technique ELISA. Deux cent quatorze (214) gestantes étaient incluses dans l'étude. Leur âge moyen était de 26,73 ± 5,68 ans. L'âge médian de la grossesse en cours était de 31 semaines d'aménorrhée (SA) avec des extrêmes de 4 SA et 42 SA. Parmi elles, 30 femmes étaient dépistées positives à l'AgHBs soit une prévalence de 14,02%. Les facteurs associés à ce portage étaient la pratique des scarifications, l'antécédent personnel d'ictère et les antécédents familiaux d'hépatite virale B. La séroprévalence de l'hépatite virale B chez les gestantes au CHUD-B est élevée ce qui rend bien compte du problème majeur de santé publique que pose l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite B sous nos cieux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Honorat Sonombiti
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHUD-B, Parakou, République du Bénin
| | - Kabibou Salifou
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHUD-B, Parakou, République du Bénin
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16
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An P, Zeng Z, Winkler CA. The Loss-of-Function S267F Variant in HBV Receptor NTCP Reduces Human Risk for HBV Infection and Disease Progression. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1404-1410. [PMID: 29905807 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP, SLC10A1) is a hepatocyte receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The natural NTCP S267F variant causes loss of NTCP HBV receptor function. We assessed the association of S267F with HBV resistance, HBV infection clearance, and HBV-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We tested the effects of S267F in 1117 Han Chinese patients with various HBV infection outcomes using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The frequency of S267F (T allele) was higher in HBV-resistant healthy controls (n = 179, 4.0%) compared to HBV-infected patients (n = 648, 1.5%); odds ratio (OR) 0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15-0.68; P = .003; dominant model). 267F variant genotypes were also associated with reduced risk for cirrhosis (n = 192, 0.5%) and HCC (n = 258, 1.0%) compared to those with chronic HBV infection (n = 202, 3.0%); OR 0.15 (95% CI, 0.03-0.70) and OR 0.21 (95% CI, 0.062-0.72), respectively. There was no association of the S267F variant with spontaneous HBV clearance. Conclusion The S267F variant for the HBV cell-entry receptor NTCP was associated with increased resistance to HBV infection and decreased risk for cirrhosis and liver cancer among those with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping An
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute.,Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute.,Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
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17
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Zhang Z, Wang C, Liu Z, Zou G, Li J, Lu M. Host Genetic Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Genet 2019; 10:696. [PMID: 31475028 PMCID: PMC6702792 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major health problem worldwide. Recently, a great number of genetic studies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide association studies have been performed to search for host determinants of the development of chronic HBV infection, clinical outcomes, therapeutic efficacy, and responses to hepatitis B vaccines, with a focus on human leukocyte antigens (HLA), cytokine genes, and toll-like receptors. In addition to SNPs, gene insertions/deletions and copy number variants are associated with infection. However, conflicting results have been obtained. In the present review, we summarize the current state of research on host genetic factors and chronic HBV infection, its clinical type, therapies, and hepatitis B vaccine responses and classify published results according to their reliability. The potential roles of host genetic determinants of chronic HBV infection identified in these studies and their clinical significance are discussed. In particular, HLAs were relevant for HBV infection and pathogenesis. Finally, we highlight the need for additional studies with large sample sizes, well-matched study designs, appropriate statistical methods, and validation in multiple populations to improve the treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Changtai Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Anqing Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, China
| | - Zhongping Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guizhou Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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18
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Nie R, Wang M, Liao T, Qian K, Zhu G, Jin L. Assisted conception does not increase the risk for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus, compared with natural conception: a prospective cohort study. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:348-356. [PMID: 30691633 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether assisted conception increases the risk for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection compared with natural conception. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENT(S) A total of 305 children, 176 born with assisted conception and 129 born with natural conception, were born to a total of 251 hepatitis B surface antigen- (HBsAg-) positive women. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The seropositive rates of HBsAg in children at birth and HBV infection rates at 9-15 months of age. RESULT(S) Overall, 7.5% (23/305) of children were HBsAg-positive at birth. The rate of HBsAg-positive children at birth did not significantly differ between children in the assisted conception group compared with those in the natural conception group (6.3% [11/176] vs. 9.3% [12/129]). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that conception method is not related to the rate of HBsAg-positive children at birth. All children who were positive for HBsAg at birth and were followed up for 9-15 months became negative for HBsAg after hepatitis B immunization. CONCLUSION(S) Assisted conception does not increase the risk for mother-to-child transmission of HBV compared with natural conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nie
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tantan Liao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Qian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijin Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Yang F, Ma L, Yang Y, Liu W, Zhao J, Chen X, Wang M, Zhang H, Cheng S, Shen F, Wang H, Zhou W, Cao G. Contribution of Hepatitis B Virus Infection to the Aggressiveness of Primary Liver Cancer: A Clinical Epidemiological Study in Eastern China. Front Oncol 2019; 9:370. [PMID: 31179237 PMCID: PMC6537574 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: The contribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to the aggressiveness of primary liver cancer (PLC) remains controversial. We aimed to characterize this in eastern China. Methods: We enrolled 8,515 PLC patients whose specimens were reserved at the BioBank of the hepatobiliary hospital (Shanghai, China) during 2007-2016. Of those, 3,124 who received primary radical resection were involved in survival analysis. A nomogram was constructed to predict the survivals using preoperative parameters. Results: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) accounted for 94.6, 3.7, and 1.7%, respectively. The rates of HBV infection were 87.5, 49.2, and 80.6%, respectively. HBV infection was significantly associated with 10-year earlier onset, more cirrhosis, higher α-fetoprotein, higher carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), more microvascular invasion (MVI), lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lower platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in HCC. HBV infection was also associated with 7-year earlier onset, more cirrhosis, higher α-fetoprotein, more MVI, and lower PLR in ICC. In the multivariate Cox analysis, high circulating HBV DNA, α-fetoprotein, CA19-9, NLR, tumor size, number, encapsulation, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, and MVI predicted an unfavorable prognosis in HCC; only CA19-9 and BCLC stage, rather than HBV-related parameters, had prognostic values in ICC. A nomogram constructed with preoperative HBV-related parameters including HBV load, ultrasonic cirrhosis, and α-fetoprotein perform better than the current staging systems in predicting postoperative survival in HCC. Conclusion: HBV promotes the aggressiveness of HCC in Chinese population. The contributions of HBV to ICC and other etiological factors to HCC might be indirect via arousing non-resolving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longteng Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchao Wang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Hyun S, Lee S, Ventura WR, McMenamin J. Knowledge, Awareness, and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Korean American Parents. J Immigr Minor Health 2019. [PMID: 28639095 PMCID: PMC6061079 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-017-0609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B (HB) affects 240 million people around the world, and children and young adults make up a large proportion of the infected population. Approximately 1 million people die from HB each year. Despite the seriousness of HB and its complications, many are poorly linked to clinical care. A lack of health literacy may be a critical barrier hindering access to HB care for adults as well as children in these populations. We, therefore, performed a survey to assess the level of knowledge of HB among Korean American parents. The survey was conducted on 521 Korean American adults who attended community-based HB awareness campaigns held at various locations throughout the metropolitan New York area between January 2015 and November 2016. Of these, 296 parents, who had children between ages 1 and 30, were identified. All participants were asked a series of questions regarding various aspects of HB and were evaluated on the basis of their awareness on each subject. A separate questionnaire was also employed to obtain demographic characteristics of the participants. The study revealed a significant deficit of knowledge of HB in most aspects the survey evaluated. Although the majority of the participants knew that HB is a liver disease, and many of them had been screened for HB, they had a poor understanding of vaccination, screening, their own HB status, modes of HBV transmission, and the consequences and treatment of HB. The participants also had a low level of awareness of their own children’s HB status. This study demonstrates a low level of knowledge of HB among Korean American parents electing to attend a hepatitis education program. In addition, many parents are not aware of their children’s screening and immune (or non-immune) status. The lack of health literacy may contribute to poor health access in HB care, not only in adults but also in children. This suggests an urgent need for education on HB in Korean American parents as well as in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seulgi Lee
- Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ USA
| | | | - Joseph McMenamin
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
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21
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Wang X, Chen Q, Li H, Wang C, Hu L, Yang Q, Ren C, Liu H, Zheng Z, Harrison TJ, Fang ZL. Asymptomatic hepatitis B carriers who were vaccinated at birth. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1489-1498. [PMID: 30883792 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The long-term persistence of immunity following universal infant immunization against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the need for a subsequent booster dose in adolescence remain under debate. With data derived from Long'an County, Guangxi, China, we reported previously that the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among adults born from 1987 to 1993 increases with age, although these individuals had received a first dose of the vaccine within 24 hours of birth. Here, we sought the source of transmission by comparison of genotypes among their family members using phylogenetic analysis of complete HBV S gene sequences. For comparison, we screened 2199 vaccinated individuals aged 5 to 17 in Cang Wu County and 1592 vaccinated individuals aged 3 to 7 in Ling Shan County in Guangxi for HBsAg carriers and investigate their family members. In total, 50 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers who were vaccinated at birth and 152 family members were analyzed. The results showed that 25% (95% CI: 6.0-44.0) of the HBsAg-positive children had not acquired their HBV infection from their mothers. This phenomenon showed a trend that increases with age. Antibody escape mutations were detected in 22.9% (95% CI: 11.0-34.8) of the isolates. In conclusion, a booster dose may be necessary for adolescence who were vaccinated at birth in highly endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinyan Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingli Yang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuangchuang Ren
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huabing Liu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhigang Zheng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | | | - Zhong-Liao Fang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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22
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Huang H, Ning M, Liu J, Chen J, Feng J, Dai Y, Hu Y, Zhou YH. Comparison of antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination in infants with positive or negative maternal hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in cord blood: implication for the role of HBeAg as an immunotolerogen. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2183-2186. [PMID: 30735449 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1575712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) has been considered to cause immunotolerance to hepatitis B virus (HBV) in newborn infants after fetal HBeAg exposure. This study compared anti-HBs responses to hepatitis B vaccination in infants who were born to HBeAg-positive and -negative mothers respectively, to investigate whether fetal HBeAg exposure may induce immunotolerance to HBV. Totally 265 infants who received recommended neonatal immunoprophylaxis against hepatitis B and had no HBV infection were included. Anti-HBs levels were compared between 124 infants with cord blood positive HBeAg and 141 infants with cord blood negative HBeAg at 7-12 months of age. The infants in two groups had similar age at the follow-up (10.0 ± 2.3 vs 10.1 ± 2.3 months, P = 0.590). Overall, 259 (97.7%) of 265 infants achieved anti-HBs levels (mIU/ml) ≥10 and 6 (2.3%) others had anti-HBs <10. Of 124 HBeAg-positive infants at birth, 46.0%, 39.5%, 12.1%, and 2.4% had anti-HBs levels (mIU/ml) ≥1000, 100-999.9, 10-99.9, and <10, respectively. Of 141 HBeAg-negative infants at birth, 35.5%, 48.9%, 13.5%, and 2.1% showed ≥1000, 100-999.9, 10-99.9, and <10, respectively. The proportions of each anti-HBs level between the two groups were comparable (all P > 0.05). Additionally, the distribution of anti-HBs response levels were also comparable in infants with high and low HBeAg levels (P = 0.818). In conclusions, the fetal HBeAg exposure does not inhibit the antibody response to neonatal hepatitis B vaccination. The data suggest that HBeAg appears not inducing immunotolerance to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School , Jiangsu , China
| | - Mingzhe Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jingli Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yimin Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yali Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yi-Hua Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School , Jiangsu , China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Jiangsu , China
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23
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Cao M, Wu Y, Wen S, Pan Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Kong F, Lu Y, Wang C, Niu J, Li J, Jiang J. 20 μg hepatitis B vaccination reduced the risk of low responsiveness in infants with HLA-II risk genotype of HBsAg positive mothers. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 63:243-248. [PMID: 29883771 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infants born to HBV carrier mothers are persistently at a higher risk for HBV infection. We investigated the association between HLA SNPs and low responsiveness to HBV vaccination, and the differences of immune response in carriers of risk genotypes who received different doses of the vaccination. 1040 infants from the prevention of mother-to-infant transmission of HBV cohort were included. Infants born to HBsAg (+) and HBeAg (-)/HBeAg (+) mothers received 10 μg/20 μg hepatitis B vaccine, respectively. Rs2857127, rs3135338, rs477515, rs9277554 and rs9286790 in HLA regions were well genotyped. A lower rate of low-responsiveness was observed in the 20 μg group. Rs3135338 GG and rs9277554 TT genotype showed stronger associations with low responsiveness (P < 0.05). The combination of 10 μg vaccine with the risk genotypes was independently associated with remarkably increased risk of low-responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccines (P < 0.05). HLA SNPs were associated with low-responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine. For infants with risk genotypes, a 20 μg dose vaccine reduced the risk of low responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengZhuo Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100020, China; Division of Education, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - YanHua Wu
- Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - SiMin Wen
- Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuchen Pan
- Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fei Kong
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Maternal and Child Health Center of Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - JunQi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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24
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Cost-effectiveness of the controlled temperature chain for the hepatitis B virus birth dose vaccine in various global settings: a modelling study. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2018; 6:e659-e667. [DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Mbangiwa T, Kasvosve I, Anderson M, Thami PK, Choga WT, Needleman A, Phinius BB, Moyo S, Leteane M, Leidner J, Blackard JT, Mayondi G, Kammerer B, Musonda RM, Essex M, Lockman S, Gaseitsiwe S. Chronic and Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women in Botswana. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050259. [PMID: 29772814 PMCID: PMC5977199 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global problem; however, the burden of HBV infection in pregnant women in Botswana is unknown. We sought to determine the prevalence of chronic and occult HBV infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected pregnant women in Botswana. Samples from 752 pregnant women were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and HBsAg-positive samples were tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA load. Samples that were HBsAg negative were screened for occult HBV infection by determining the HBV DNA load. HBV genotypes were determined based on a 415-base-pair fragment of the surface gene. Among the 752 women tested during pregnancy or early postpartum, 16 (2.1%) (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0–2.2) were HBsAg-positive. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection was higher (3.1%) among HIV-infected (95% CI: 3.0–3.2) compared with HIV-uninfected women (1.1%) (95% CI: 1.07–1.1, p = 0.057). Among the 622 HBsAg-negative women, the prevalence of occult HBV infection was 6.6% (95% CI: 6.5–6.7). Three of thirteen HBsAg-positive participants were HBeAg-positive, and all were HIV-negative. Of the 11 maternal samples successfully genotyped, five (45.5%) were genotype D3, five (45.5%) were genotype A1, and one was genotype E (9%). Low and similar proportions of HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnant women in Botswana had occult or chronic HBV infection. We identified a subset of HIV-negative pregnant women who had high HBV DNA levels and were HBeAg-positive, and thus likely to transmit HBV to their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tshepiso Mbangiwa
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone 0022, Botswana.
| | - Ishmael Kasvosve
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone 0022, Botswana.
| | - Motswedi Anderson
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone 0022, Botswana.
| | - Prisca K Thami
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone 0022, Botswana.
| | - Wonderful T Choga
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
| | | | - Bonolo B Phinius
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Melvin Leteane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone 0022, Botswana.
| | - Jean Leidner
- Goodtables Data Consulting, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Jason T Blackard
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45627, USA.
| | - Gloria Mayondi
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
| | - Betsy Kammerer
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | - Max Essex
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Simani Gaseitsiwe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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26
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Brook G, Brockmeyer N, van de Laar T, Schellberg S, Winter AJ. 2017 European guideline for the screening, prevention and initial management of hepatitis B and C infections in sexual health settings. Int J STD AIDS 2018; 29:949-967. [PMID: 29716442 DOI: 10.1177/0956462418767576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This guideline updates the 2010 European guideline for the management of hepatitis B and C virus infections. It is primarily intended to provide advice on testing, prevention and initial management of viral hepatitis B and C for clinicians working in sexual health clinical settings in European countries. The guideline is in a new question and answer format based on clinical situations, from which population/intervention/comparison/outcome questions were formulated. Updates cover areas such as epidemiology, point-of-care tests for hepatitis B, hepatitis C risk and 'chemsex', and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and hepatitis B. We have also included a short paragraph on hepatitis E noting there is no evidence for sexual transmission. The guideline has been prepared in accordance with the Europe protocol for production available at http://www.iusti.org/regions/europe/pdf/2017/ProtocolForProduction2017.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Brook
- 1 Genitourinary Medicine, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Norbert Brockmeyer
- 2 Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thijs van de Laar
- 3 Department of Bloodborne Infections, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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27
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Lingani M, Akita T, Ouoba S, Sanou AM, Sugiyama A, Tarnagda Z, Ohisa M, Tinto H, Mishiro S, Tanaka J. High prevalence of hepatitis B infections in Burkina Faso (1996-2017): a systematic review with meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:551. [PMID: 29699534 PMCID: PMC5921387 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was long considered an important public health concern in Burkina Faso and still represents a major cause of liver cancer and cirrhosis in the active population. To counter the problem, a national strategic plan was developed and adopted in July 2017 to coordinate viral hepatitis elimination's efforts. However evidence to support its implementation remains scanty and scattered. The main purpose of this study was to summarize available information from per-reviewed articles published over the last two decades to accurately estimate the prevalence of HBV infection in Burkina Faso. METHODS We conducted a systematic search with meta-analysis of scientific articles using Science-Direct, Web-of-Science, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar. We systematically assessed all relevant publications that measured the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and which were published between 1996 and 2017. We estimated the national HBV prevalence and its 95% confident interval. We subsequently adjusted the meta-analysis to possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS We retrieved and analyzed a total of 22 full text papers including 99,672 participants. The overall prevalence was 11.21%. The prevalence after adjustment were 9.41%, 11.11%, 11.73% and 12.61% in the general population, pregnant women, blood donors and HIV-positive persons respectively. The prevalence was higher before implementation of HBV universal vaccination and decreased from 12.80% between 1996 and 2001 to 11.11% between 2012 and 2017. The prevalence was also higher in rural area 17.35% than urban area 11.11%. The western regions were more affected with 12.69% than the central regions 10.57%. The prevalence was 14.66% in the boucle of Mouhoun region and 14.59 in the center-west region. Aggregate data were not available for the other regions. CONCLUSIONS HBV has clearly an important burden in Burkina Faso as described by its high prevalence and this problem significantly challenges the national health care system. There is an urgent need for effective public health interventions to eliminate the problem. However, higher quality data are needed to produce reliable epidemiological estimates that will guide control efforts towards the achievement of the national strategic plan's goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Lingani
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, BP 218 Burkina Faso
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Serge Ouoba
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, BP 218 Burkina Faso
| | - Armel Moumini Sanou
- Unité des Maladies à potentiel épidémiques, Maladies émergentes et Zoonoses, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Zekiba Tarnagda
- Unité des Maladies à potentiel épidémiques, Maladies émergentes et Zoonoses, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Masayuki Ohisa
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, BP 218 Burkina Faso
| | - Shunji Mishiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Toshiba General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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28
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Lunn RM, Jahnke GD, Rabkin CS. Tumour virus epidemiology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0266. [PMID: 28893933 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A viral etiology of cancer was first demonstrated in 1911 by Peyton Rous who injected cell-free filtrate from a chicken sarcoma into healthy chickens and found it induced a tumour. Since the discovery over 50 years ago of the Epstein-Barr virus as the cause of Burkitt lymphoma, seven other human viruses or groups of viruses-hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, some human papillomaviruses, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus-have been linked to human cancer. Collectively, these eight viruses cause over 20 different types of cancer and contribute to 10-12% of all cancer, with a greater burden in low- and middle-income countries. For many viruses, immunosuppression greatly increases the risks of persistent infection, development of chronic sequelae and cancer. Although several viruses share similar routes of transmission (especially sexual activity, injection drug use and mother-to-child transmission), the predominant route of transmission varies across viruses, and for the same virus can vary by geographical location. In general, vulnerable populations at the greatest risk for viral infections and their associated diseases include people, especially children, living in low- to middle-income countries, men who have sex with men, people who use injection drugs and female sex workers.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human oncogenic viruses'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Lunn
- Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Gloria D Jahnke
- Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9760, USA
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Shan S, Cui F, Jia J. How to control highly endemic hepatitis B in Asia. Liver Int 2018; 38 Suppl 1:122-125. [PMID: 29427490 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an enormous economic and social burden. Asian countries such as Vietnam, Mongolia, Laos, China, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore and Cambodia have high or high-intermediate HBsAg prevalence. Most of the chronic HBV carriers in this region acquire their infection during early childhood or through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Asia has been highly successful in controlling HBV in the last 2 decades. For example, China has adopted a comprehensive strategy to control HBV and has offered universal HBV vaccination to infants since 1992. With increasing coverage and a timely birth dose of the HBV vaccine, the prevalence of HBsAg in that general population decreased from 9.75% in 1992 to 7.18% in 2006. The prevalence of HBsAg in the population <30 years old decreased from 10.1% in 1992 to 2.6% in 2014. In addition, passive and active immunization has been increased and has successfully interrupted MTCT in recent years. Recent studies in China show that maternal antiviral therapy in the late trimesters of pregnancy could further reduce MTCT in mothers with a high viral load. First-line treatments such as entecavir and tenofovir as well as pegylated interferon alpha are recommended in Chinese guidelines and are on the Basic Medical Insurance reimbursement list. Increased awareness, access to and affordability of antiviral therapy will reduce HBV-related morbidity and mortality. The combined efforts of the government, the medical community, industry, civil society and the public should eliminate hepatitis B as a public threat by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqian Cui
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Shedain PR, Devkota MD, Banjara MR, Ling H, Dhital S. Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B infection among mothers and children with hepatitis B infected mother in upper Dolpa, Nepal. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:667. [PMID: 29017456 PMCID: PMC5633872 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. In Nepal, the prevalence of HBV is found to be low (0.9%), although high prevalence (≥8%) of HBV infection is depicted among subgroup/population in the mountain region by various studies. This study assessed the prevalence and the risk of HBV infection among mothers, as well as among the youngest child under 5 years old living with hepatitis B positive mothers in Dolpa, the most remote mountain district of Nepal. Methods The cross sectional study survey was conducted between June and July 2014. All mothers with their youngest child under 5 years old were invited to participate in the survey and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The HBsAg positive mothers were further tested by 5-panel HBV test card. Children living with HBsAg positive mothers were also tested for HBsAg. Results One hundred fifty-one mothers, comprising 37% of the total study population in the selected Village Development Committees (VDCs), were surveyed in the mobile health camps. The seroprevalence of HBsAg among mothers and their youngest child under 5 years old living with HBsAg positive mothers were 17% (95% CI, 11.01–22.99%) and 48% (95%CI, 28.42–67.58%) respectively. The majority of HBV infected mothers were indigenous (84%) followed by Dalit (4%) and other castes (12%). Among HBV infected mothers, 40% were hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) positive. The prevalence of HBsAg was higher among children living with HBeAg positive mothers as compared to HBeAg negative (60% vs 40%) and male children compared to female (60% vs 33%). Thirty-six percent of children were vaccinated with a full course of the hepatitis B vaccine. Of these vaccinated children, 56% were HBsAg sero-positive. Conclusions The HBV infection rate is high among mothers and children living with HBsAg positive mothers in the indigenous population of the most remote mountain community of Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purusotam Raj Shedain
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine/Ministry of Health, RamshahPath, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Madhu Dixit Devkota
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University (TU), Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Huang Ling
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College of CTGU/Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Subash Dhital
- National Public Health Laboratory, Department of Health Services, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Interference of Apoptosis by Hepatitis B Virus. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080230. [PMID: 28820498 PMCID: PMC5580487 DOI: 10.3390/v9080230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes liver diseases that have been a consistent problem for human health, leading to more than one million deaths every year worldwide. A large proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases across the world are closely associated with chronic HBV infection. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death and is frequently altered in cancer development. HBV infection interferes with the apoptosis signaling to promote HCC progression and viral proliferation. The HBV-mediated alteration of apoptosis is achieved via interference with cellular signaling pathways and regulation of epigenetics. HBV X protein (HBX) plays a major role in the interference of apoptosis. There are conflicting reports on the HBV interference of apoptosis with the majority showing inhibition of and the rest reporting induction of apoptosis. In this review, we described recent studies on the mechanisms of the HBV interference with the apoptosis signaling during the virus infection and provided perspective.
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Devine A, Harvey R, Min AM, Gilder MET, Paw MK, Kang J, Watts I, Hanboonkunupakarn B, Nosten F, McGready R. Strategies for the prevention of perinatal hepatitis B transmission in a marginalized population on the Thailand-Myanmar border: a cost-effectiveness analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:552. [PMID: 28793866 PMCID: PMC5550954 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on the cost effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening and vaccination strategies for prevention of vertical transmission of HBV in resource limited settings is sparse. Methods A decision tree model of HBV prevention strategies utilised data from a cohort of 7071 pregnant women on the Thailand-Myanmar border using a provider perspective. All options included universal HBV vaccination for newborns in three strategies: (1) universal vaccination alone; (2) universal vaccination with screening of women during antenatal visits with rapid diagnostic test (RDT) plus HBV immune globulin (HBIG) administration to newborns of HBV surface antigen positive women; and (3) universal vaccination with screening of women during antenatal visits plus HBIG administration to newborns of women testing HBV e antigen positive by confirmatory test. At the time of the study, the HBIG after confirmatory test strategy was used. The costs in United States Dollars (US$), infections averted and incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated and sensitivity analyses were conducted. A willingness to pay threshold of US$1200 was used. Results The universal HBV vaccination was the least costly option at US$4.33 per woman attending the clinic. The HBIG after (RDT) strategy had an ICER of US$716.78 per infection averted. The HBIG after confirmatory test strategy was not cost-effective due to extended dominance. The one-way sensitivity analysis showed that while the transmission parameters and cost of HBIG had the biggest impact on outcomes, the HBIG after confirmatory test only became a cost-effective option when a low test cost was used or a high HBIG cost was used. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that HBIG after RDT had an 87% likelihood of being cost-effective as compared to vaccination only at a willingness to pay threshold of US$1200. Conclusions HBIG following confirmatory test is not a cost-effective strategy for preventing vertical transmission of HBV in the Thailand-Myanmar border population. By switching to HBIG following rapid diagnostic test, perinatal infections will be reduced by nearly one third. This strategy may be applicable to similar settings for marginalized populations where the confirmatory test is not logistically possible. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2660-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Devine
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Rebecca Harvey
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aung Myat Min
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mary Ellen T Gilder
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Moo Koh Paw
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joy Kang
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Isabella Watts
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - François Nosten
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rose McGready
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Matsuo J, Do SH, Yamamoto C, Nagashima S, Chuon C, Katayama K, Takahashi K, Tanaka J. Clustering infection of hepatitis B virus genotype B4 among residents in Vietnam, and its genomic characters both intra- and extra-family. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177248. [PMID: 28753615 PMCID: PMC5533320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vietnam has a high rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and a high mortality rate from hepatocellular carcinoma. We performed a detailed genetic analysis of 48 residents and four families from Binh Thuan Province, a southern coastal area of Vietnam. The route of infection and genomic characteristics related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied in HBV spread among carriers that we detected in our previous hepatitis survey. The HBV genotype was B4 in 91.7% and C1 in 8.3% of the cases. The intra-family’s HBV sequence homology was high at 96.8–99.4%. However, it was also high at 99.4–99.8% among residents of the same age and sex as family members. In addition, full genome analysis was performed in 21 cases. The core region of all 20 isolates with genotype B4 was a recombinant of genotype C, and pre-S deletion was found in 20% of cases. The promoter mutation G1613A was found in 13.6% of cases, and a 24 bp insertion from nt1673 in the X region was found in 6.3% of cases. The phylogenetic tree and homology analysis of the HBV full genome suggested the probability and its possibility of horizontal transmission not only within families nor vertical transmission but within cohorts of the same generation in the population. Moreover, the HBV genotype B4 isolates were found not only to be recombinants of genotype C, which results in a high cancer risk, but also to have other risk of HCC, pre-S deletions, the G1613A mutation, and X region insertions corresponding to the promoter. These genomic characters were suggested to be one of the factors to explain the high HCC mortality rate in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Son Huy Do
- Binh Thuan Medical College, Phan Thiet City, Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam
| | - Chikako Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nagashima
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Channarena Chuon
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Katayama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Toshiba General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Cui F, Shen L, Li L, Wang H, Wang F, Bi S, Liu J, Zhang G, Wang F, Zheng H, Sun X, Miao N, Yin Z, Feng Z, Liang X, Wang Y. Prevention of Chronic Hepatitis B after 3 Decades of Escalating Vaccination Policy, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:765-772. [PMID: 28418296 PMCID: PMC5403029 DOI: 10.3201/eid2305.161477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
China’s hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevention policy has been evaluated through nationally representative serologic surveys conducted in 1992 and 2006. We report results of a 2014 serologic survey and reanalysis of the 1992 and 2006 surveys in the context of program policy. The 2014 survey used a 2-stage sample strategy in which townships were selected from 160 longstanding, nationally representative, county-level disease surveillance points, and persons 1–29 years of age were invited to participate. The 2014 sample size was 31,713; the response rate was 83.3%. Compared with the 1992 pre–recombinant vaccine survey, HBV surface antigen prevalence declined 46% by 2006 and by 52% by 2014. Among children <5 years of age, the decline was 97%. China’s HBV prevention program, targeted toward interrupting perinatal transmission, has been highly successful and increasingly effective. However, this progress must be sustained for decades to come, and elimination of HBV transmission will require augmented strategies.
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Fan CX, Li XF, Zhan YF, Zheng QY, Feng Q, Shi XY, Li YJ, Tan HB. Efficacy and safety of interferon α-2b as an add-on therapy to long-term oral nucleotide analogue therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:983-988. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i11.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of interferon alpha-2b (IFN-α-2b) as an add-on therapy to long-term oral nucleotide analogue therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients
METHODS A total of 31 hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B on long-term oral nucleotide analogue therapy were randomly divided into either a study group (n = 16) or a control group (n = 15). The patients in the study group was additionally given IFN-α-2b (6000000 U, intramuscle injection), twice a week, for 6 mo. The negative conversion rate of HBsAg, changes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels, curative effect, adverse reactions and complications were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS The negative conversion rates of HBsAg was 31.25% (5/16) in the study group and 0% in the control group. After 6 mo of treatment, HBsAg titers decreased significantly in the study group (P < 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was maintained within normal limits both before and after treatment in the two groups. The rate of influenza-like symptoms was 100% in the treatment group and 0% in the control group. White blood cell count was significantly decreased in the treatment group, but no side effects were observed in the control group.
CONCLUSION IFN-α-2b as an add-on therapy to long-term oral nucleotide analogue therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients can increase the negative conversion rate of HBsAg and decrease HBsAg titers effectively.
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Fehr AGJ, Ruetten M, Seth-Smith HMB, Nufer L, Voegtlin A, Lehner A, Greub G, Crosier PS, Neuhauss SCF, Vaughan L. A Zebrafish Model for Chlamydia Infection with the Obligate Intracellular Pathogen Waddlia chondrophila. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1829. [PMID: 27917158 PMCID: PMC5114312 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obligate intracellular chlamydial bacteria of the Planctomycetes-Verrucomicrobia-Chlamydiae (PVC) superphylum are important pathogens of terrestrial and marine vertebrates, yet many features of their pathogenesis and host specificity are still unknown. This is particularly true for families such as the Waddliacea which, in addition to epithelia, cellular targets for nearly all Chlamydia, can infect and replicate in macrophages, an important arm of the innate immune system or in their free-living amoebal counterparts. An ideal pathogen model system should include both host and pathogen, which led us to develop the first larval zebrafish model for chlamydial infections with Waddlia chondrophila. By varying the means and sites of application, epithelial cells of the swim bladder, endothelial cells of the vasculature and phagocytosing cells of the innate immune system became preferred targets for infection in zebrafish larvae. Through the use of transgenic zebrafish, we could observe recruitment of neutrophils to the infection site and demonstrate for the first time that W. chondrophila is taken up and replicates in these phagocytic cells and not only in macrophages. Furthermore, we present evidence that myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mediated signaling plays a role in the innate immune reaction to W. chondrophila, eventually by Toll-like receptor (TLRs) recognition. Infected larvae with depleted levels of MyD88 showed a higher infection load and a lower survival rate compared to control fish. This work presents a new and potentially powerful non-mammalian experimental model to study the pathology of chlamydial virulence in vivo and opens up new possibilities for investigation of other members of the PVC superphylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G J Fehr
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Ruetten
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helena M B Seth-Smith
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Veterinary Pathology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Molecular and Life Sciences, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisbeth Nufer
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Voegtlin
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Lehner
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philip S Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Lloyd Vaughan
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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Lu Y, Liang XF, Wang FZ, Yan L, Li RC, Li YP, Zhu FC, Zhai XJ, Li J, Zhuang H. Hepatitis B vaccine alone may be enough for preventing hepatitis B virus transmission in neonates of HBsAg (+)/HBeAg (-) mothers. Vaccine 2016; 35:40-45. [PMID: 27894717 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of vaccine alone compared with vaccine plus HBIG for preventing HBV transmission in neonates of HBsAg (+)/HBeAg (-) mothers. METHODS Combined immunization is currently recommended for neonates of HBsAg (+) mothers in China. As a result, a randomized design is infeasible due to ethical reasons. In practice, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Jiangsu Province implement vaccine alone and vaccine plus HBIG strategies for neonates born to HBsAg (+)/HBeAg (-) mothers, respectively. We alternatively enrolled neonates of HBsAg (+)/HBeAg (-) mothers from these two regions. Three doses of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine were given at 0, 1 and 6months with or without HBIG at birth. RESULTS At 7months, sera were collected from 132 neonates in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and 752 neonates in Jiangsu Province. Baseline characteristics of both mothers and neonates were comparable in the two regions. No differences were revealed regarding the occurrence of perinatal HBV transmission with or without HBIG at birth [0.1% (1/752) vs. 0.0% (0/132), p=1.000]. The anti-HBs response rates were 97.7% (129/132) and 98.5% (740/751) for the neonates with vaccine alone and with HBIG (p=0.758), respectively. Vaccine alone induced a significantly higher anti-HBs GMC as compared to vaccine plus HBIG at 7months of age (1555.3mIU/mL vs. 654.9mIU/mL, p<0.0001). At 12months of age, protective levels of anti-HBs remained in 97.4% (596/612) and 98.3% (118/120) of the neonates receiving and not receiving HBIG, respectively (p=0.771). The neonates receiving combined prophylaxis had a markedly lower anti-HBs GMC (210.7mIU/mL vs. 297.0mIU/mL, p=0.011). Horizontal HBV transmission occurred in none of the successfully immunized neonates for both compared groups at 12months of age. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine alone may be enough for preventing HBV transmission in neonates of HBsAg (+)/HBeAg (-) mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Liang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong-Cheng Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
| | - Feng-Cai Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Zhai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Christenson
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
| | - John J Manaloor
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
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Sun WH, Zhao SF, Zhao B, Xin YN. Strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3439-3444. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i23.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-child transmission is the main way of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Thus, blocking mother-to-child transmission is an important means to control the epidemic of HBV. However, the management of pregnant women with HBV still has many problems, such as the lack of uniform guidelines on the treatment. Although passive-active immunoprophylaxis, including hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B virus vaccine, is widely used at birth to interrupt HBV transmission, mother-to-child transmission of HBV still occurs in some infants. In recent years nucleoside analog has been widely used in clinical practice. This paper summarizes and analyzes a variety of programs of blocking mother-to-child transmission, aiming to make strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV more standardized and effective.
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40
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Piratvisuth T, Han GR, Pol S, Dong Y, Trylesinski A. Comprehensive review of telbivudine in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:452-60. [PMID: 27028961 PMCID: PMC4807307 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i9.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To achieve an evidence-based conclusion regarding the safety and efficacy of telbivudine during pregnancy. METHODS A pooled analysis of data from a literature search reported 1739 pregnancy outcomes (1673 live births) from 1725 non-overlapping pregnant women treated with telbivudine. The prevalence of live birth defects (3.6/1000) was similar to that of the non-antiviral controls (3.0/1000) and not increased as compared with overall prevalence (14.5 to 60/1000). No target organ toxicity was identified. The prevalence of spontaneous abortion in pregnant women treated with telbivudine (4.2/1000) was not increased compared with the overall prevalence (16/1000). The mother-to-child transmission rate was significantly reduced in pregnant women treated with telbivudine (0.70%) compared to those treated with the non-antiviral controls (11.9%; P < 0.0001) or compared to the historical rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected population without antiviral treatment (10%-15%). RESULTS Cumulatively 489 pregnancy cases have been reported in the telbivudine pharmacovigilance database (with a cut-off date 31 August 2014), of those, 308 had known pregnancy outcomes with 249 cases of live births (239 cases of live birth without congenital anomaly and 10 cases of live birth with congenital anomaly). In the latest antiretroviral pregnancy registry report (1 January 1989 through 31 January 2015) of 27 patients exposed to telbivudine during pregnancy (18, 6 and 3 during first, second and third trimester, respectively) 19 live births were reported and there were no cases of birth defects reported. CONCLUSION Telbivudine treatment during pregnancy presents a favorable safety profile without increased rates of live birth defects, spontaneous abortion or elective termination, or fetal/neonatal toxicity. Exposure to telbivudine in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of HBV transmission from mother to child on the basis of standard immune prophylaxis procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerha Piratvisuth
- Teerha Piratvisuth, Department of Medicine, NKC Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Guo Rong Han
- Teerha Piratvisuth, Department of Medicine, NKC Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Teerha Piratvisuth, Department of Medicine, NKC Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Teerha Piratvisuth, Department of Medicine, NKC Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Aldo Trylesinski
- Teerha Piratvisuth, Department of Medicine, NKC Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Yi P, Chen R, Huang Y, Zhou RR, Fan XG. Management of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: Propositions and challenges. J Clin Virol 2016; 77:32-9. [PMID: 26895227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) during perinatal period remains an important global health problem. Despite standard passive-active immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine in neonates, up to 9% of newborns still acquire HBV infection, especially these from hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive mothers. Management of HBV infection in pregnancy still need to draw careful attention because of some controversial aspects, including the failure of passive-active immunoprophylaxis in a fraction of newborns, the effect and necessity of periodical hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) injection to the mothers, the safety of antiviral prophylaxis with nucleoside/nucleotide analogs, the benefit of different delivery ways, and the safety of breastfeeding. In this review, we highlight these unsettled issues of preventive strategies in perinatal period, and we further aim to provide an optimal approach to the management of preventing MTCT of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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