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Xue L, Wang L, Xu Y, Shen Y, Shi Z, Li X, Feng H, Xie X, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. The regulation of GSH/GPX4-mediated lipid accumulation confirms that schisandra polysaccharides should be valued equally as lignans. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118483. [PMID: 38914150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver injury (AILI) is a common cause of clinical hepatic damage and even acute liver failure. Our previous research has shown that Schisandra chinensis lignan extract (SLE) can exert a hepatoprotective effect by regulating lipid metabolism. Although polysaccharides from Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis), like lignans, are important components of S. chinensis, their pharmacological activity and target effects on AILI have not yet been explored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to quantitatively reveal the role of SCP in the pharmacological activity of S. chinensis, and further explore the pharmacological components, potential action targets and mechanisms of S. chinensis in treating AILI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The therapeutic effect of SCP on AILI was systematically determined via comparing the efficacy of SCP and SLE on in vitro and in vivo models. Network pharmacology, molecular docking and multi-omics techniques were then used to screen and verify the action targets of S. chinensis against AILI. RESULTS SCP intervention could significantly improve AILI, and the therapeutic effect was comparable to that of SLE. Notably, the combination of SCP and SLE did not produce mutual antagonistic effects. Subsequently, we found that both SCP and SLE could significantly reverse the down-regulation of GPX4 caused by the APAP modeling, and then further improving lipid metabolism abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Hepatoprotective effects of SCP and SLE is most correlated with their regulation of GSH/GPX4-mediated lipid accumulation. This is the first exploration of the hepatoprotective effect and potential mechanism of SCP in treating AILI, which is crucial for fully utilizing S. chinensis and developing promising AILI therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xue
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Leyi Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Yexin Xu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Yun Shen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Zechang Shi
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiaorun Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Haoyang Feng
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Xinrui Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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Liao G, Yan Q, Zhang M, Zhang X, Yang J, Huang H, Liu X, Jiang Y, Gong J, Zhan S, Li D, Huang X. Integrative analysis of network pharmacology and proteomics reveal the protective effect of Xiaoqinglong Decotion on neutrophilic asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118102. [PMID: 38561057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoqinglong Decotion (XQLD) is a commonly used Chinese herbal formula in clinical practice, especially for allergic diseases such as asthma. However, its intrinsic mechanism for the treatment of neutrophilic asthma (NA) remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and potential mechanisms of XQLD on NA using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the active compounds, potential targets and mechanisms of XQLD against NA were initially elucidated by network pharmacology. Then, OVA/CFA-induced NA mice were treated with XQLD to assess its efficacy. Proteins were then analyzed and quantified using a Tandem Mass Tags approach for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) to further reveal the mechanisms of NA treatment by XQLD. Finally, the hub genes, critical DEPs and potential pathways were validated. RESULTS 176 active compounds and 180 targets against NA were identified in XQLD. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed CXCL10, CX3CR1, TLR7, NCF1 and FABP4 as hub genes. In vivo experiments showed that XQLD attenuated inflammatory infiltrates, airway mucus secretion and remodeling in the lungs of NA mice. Moreover, XQLD significantly alleviated airway neutrophil inflammation in NA mice by decreasing the expression of IL-8, MPO and NE. XQLD also reduced the levels of CXCL10, CX3CR1, TLR7, NCF1 and FABP4, which are closely associated with neutrophil inflammation. Proteomics analysis identified 28 overlapping DEPs in the control, NA and XQLD groups, and we found that XQLD inhibited ferroptosis signal pathway (elevated GPX4 and decreased ASCL3) as well as the expression of ARG1, MMP12 and SPP1, while activating the Rap1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study revealed that inhibition of ARG1, MMP12 and SPP1 expression as well as ferroptosis pathways, and activation of the Rap1 signaling pathway contribute to the therapeutic effect of XQLD on NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaofen Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Detang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiufang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Fu H, Li W, Liu J, Tang Q, Weng Z, Zhu L, Ding B. Ellagic acid inhibits dihydrotestosterone-induced ferroptosis and promotes hair regeneration by activating the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118227. [PMID: 38685364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevalent form of hair loss in clinical practice and affects the physical and psychological well-being of adolescents. Paeonia lactiflora Pallas (PL), which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, enhances blood function and promotes hair growth, and ellagic acid (EA), a polyphenol in PL extract, shows strong antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory properties and also plays a role in the treatment of various skin conditions. However, its role and mechanism of action in AGA remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine whether EA can rescue slow hair regeneration by regulating dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced ferroptosis in AGA mice and clarify the effect of EA on DHT-induced ferroptosis in dermal papilla cells (DPCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a DHT-induced AGA mouse model, whereas DPCs were used to establish a DHT-induced cellular model. Thereafter, we investigated the therapeutic mechanism of action of EA via immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular docking. RESULTS EA stimulated hair regeneration in mice and reversed DHT-induced increases in iron content, lipid peroxidation, and DHT-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Further, β-catenin knockdown suppressed the inhibitory effect of EA on DHT-induced ferroptosis in DPCs. CONCLUSION EA inhibits DHT-induced ferroptosis and promotes hair regrowth in mice by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Thus, it has potential for use as a treatment option for AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjie Fu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenxia Li
- Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiehao Tang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhiwei Weng
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lijian Zhu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Bin Ding
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Lecomte K, Toniolo A, Hoste E. Cell death as an architect of adult skin stem cell niches. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:957-969. [PMID: 38649745 PMCID: PMC11303411 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Our skin provides a physical and immunological barrier against dehydration and environmental insults ranging from microbial attacks, toxins and UV irradiation to wounding. Proper functioning of the skin barrier largely depends on the interplay between keratinocytes- the epithelial cells of the skin- and immune cells. Two spatially distinct populations of keratinocyte stem cells (SCs) maintain the epidermal barrier function and the hair follicle. These SCs are inherently long-lived, but cell death can occur within their niches and impacts their functionality. The default cell death programme in skin is apoptosis, an orderly and non-inflammatory suicide programme. However, recent findings are shedding light on the significance of various modes of regulated necrotic cell death, which are lytic and can provoke inflammation within the local skin environment. While the presence of dying cells was generally regarded as a mere consequence of inflammation, findings in various human dermatological conditions and experimental mouse models of aberrant cell death control demonstrated that cell death programmes in keratinocytes (KCs) can drive skin inflammation and even tumour initiation. When cells die, they need to be removed by phagocytosis and KCs can function as non-professional phagocytes of apoptotic cells with important implications for their SC capacities. It is becoming apparent that in conditions of heightened SC activity, distinct cell death modalities differentially impact the different skin SC populations in their local niches. Here, we describe how regulated cell death modalities functionally affect epidermal SC niches along with their relevance to injury repair, inflammatory skin disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lecomte
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annagiada Toniolo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Hoste
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Rezzani R, Favero G, Cominelli G, Pinto D, Rinaldi F. Skin Aging and the Upcoming Role of Ferroptosis in Geroscience. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8238. [PMID: 39125810 PMCID: PMC11311626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is considered the most important organ system in mammals, and as the population ages, it is important to consider skin aging and anti-aging therapeutic strategies. Exposure of the skin to various insults induces significant changes throughout our lives, differentiating the skin of a young adult from that of an older adult. These changes are caused by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic aging. We report the interactions between skin aging and its metabolism, showing that the network is due to several factors. For example, iron is an important nutrient for humans, but its level increases with aging, inducing deleterious effects on cellular functions. Recently, it was discovered that ferroptosis, or iron-dependent cell death, is linked to aging and skin diseases. The pursuit of new molecular targets for ferroptosis has recently attracted attention. Prevention of ferroptosis is an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases, especially in old age. However, the pathological and biological mechanisms underlying ferroptosis are still not fully understood, especially in skin diseases such as melanoma and autoimmune diseases. Only a few basic studies on regulated cell death exist, and the challenge is to turn the studies into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.F.); (G.C.)
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.P.); (F.R.)
- Italian Society for the Study of Orofacial Pain (Società Italiana Studio Dolore Orofacciale—SISDO), 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.F.); (G.C.)
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Giorgia Cominelli
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.P.); (F.R.)
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project Institute, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Rinaldi
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.P.); (F.R.)
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project Institute, 20129 Milan, Italy
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Su X, Han LY, Wang J, Zhang Y, Luo PY, Gao S, Fan YC, Wang JW, Wang K. Hypermethylation of the glutathione peroxidase 4 promoter predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1421597. [PMID: 39119475 PMCID: PMC11306020 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1421597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a syn-drome with a high short-term mortality rate, and its prognosis is critical in clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the occurrence and development of HBV-ACLF and its prognostic value for 90-day mortality. Methods The expression levels of GPX4, oxidative stress-related molecules and inflammatory cytokines in serum or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 289 participants were determined by RT-qPCR or ELISA, and the methylation level of GPX4 promoter in PBMCs was determined by MethyLight. Results The expression levels of GPX4 in the PBMCs and serum of HBV-ACLF patients were lower than those in non-HBV-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (non-HBV ACLF) patients, patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and healthy control (HC) individuals, while the methylation level of the GPX4 promoter was greater. In HBV-ACLF patients, the methylation level of the GPX4 promoter is correlated with oxidative stress, inflammation-related molecules, and some clinicopathological indicators. The methylation level of the GPX4 promoter was identified as an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality in HBV-ACLF patients and yielded a larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) than the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score in predicting 90-day mortality. Conclusion The GPX4 promoter methylation level has promising potential as a predictor of 90-day mortality in patients with HBV-ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Yan Han
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Hepatology Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng-Yu Luo
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Hepatology Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Hepatology Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Hepatology Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Yapici FI, Bebber CM, von Karstedt S. A guide to ferroptosis in cancer. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1378-1396. [PMID: 38590214 PMCID: PMC11161738 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified iron-dependent type of regulated cell death that can also be regarded as death caused by the specific collapse of the lipid antioxidant defence machinery. Ferroptosis has gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic strategy for therapy-resistant cancer types. However, many ferroptosis-inducing small molecules do not reach the pharmacokinetic requirements for their effective clinical use yet. Nevertheless, their clinical optimization is under development. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of molecular pathways regulating ferroptosis, how cells protect themselves from the induction of ferroptotic cell death, and how a better understanding of cancer cell metabolism can represent vulnerabilities for ferroptosis-based therapies. Lastly, we discuss the context-dependent effect of ferroptosis on various cell types within the tumor microenvironment and address controversies on how tissue ferroptosis might impact systemic cancer immunity in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Isil Yapici
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneGermany
- CECAD Cluster of ExcellenceUniversity of CologneGermany
| | - Christina M. Bebber
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneGermany
- CECAD Cluster of ExcellenceUniversity of CologneGermany
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneGermany
- CECAD Cluster of ExcellenceUniversity of CologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneGermany
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Zeng J, Liu M, Yang T, Li S, Cheng D, He L. A single mitochondria-targetable fluorescent probe for visualizing cysteine and glutathione in ferroptosis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Talanta 2024; 270:125610. [PMID: 38159348 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis plays an important role in the early stage of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, which is closely associated with the antioxidant damage of mitochondrial cysteine (Cys)/glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis. Visualization of Cys and GSH in mitochondria is meaningful to value ferroptosis and further contributes to understanding and preventing MI/R injury. Herein a mitochondria-targetable thiols fluorescent probe (MTTP) was designed and synthesized based on sulfonyl benzoxadiazole (SBD) chromophore with a triphenylphosphine unit as the mitochondria-targeted functional group. Cys and GSH can be differentiated by MTTP with two distinguishable emission bands (583 nm and 520 nm) through the controllable aromatic substitution-rearrangement reaction. Importantly, MTTP is capable of monitoring ferroptosis and its inhibition by measuring mitochondrial Cys and GSH. MTTP was also employed to non-invasively detect ferroptosis during oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced MI/R injury in H9C2 cells. In a word, MTTP provides a visual tool that can simultaneously detect Cys and GSH to monitor ferroptosis processes during MI/R injury, which helps for more deeper understanding of the role of ferroptosis in MI/R injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zeng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Minhui Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Songjiao Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China; Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
| | - Longwei He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Peleman C, Francque S, Berghe TV. Emerging role of ferroptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: revisiting hepatic lipid peroxidation. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105088. [PMID: 38537604 PMCID: PMC11026979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterised by cell death of parenchymal liver cells which interact with their microenvironment to drive disease activity and liver fibrosis. The identification of the major death type could pave the way towards pharmacotherapy for MASH. To date, increasing evidence suggest a type of regulated cell death, named ferroptosis, which occurs through iron-catalysed peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in membrane phospholipids. Lipid peroxidation enjoys renewed interest in the light of ferroptosis, as druggable target in MASH. This review recapitulates the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in liver physiology, evidence for ferroptosis in human MASH and critically appraises the results of ferroptosis targeting in preclinical MASH models. Rewiring of redox, iron and PUFA metabolism in MASH creates a proferroptotic environment involved in MASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Ferroptosis induction might be a promising novel approach to eradicate HCC, while its inhibition might ameliorate MASH disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Peleman
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sven Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Su X, Wang Z, Li J, Gao S, Fan Y, Wang K. Hypermethylation of the glutathione peroxidase 4 gene promoter is associated with the occurrence of immune tolerance phase in chronic hepatitis B. Virol J 2024; 21:72. [PMID: 38515187 PMCID: PMC10958902 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health problem that seriously threatens human health. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) in the occurrence and development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS A total of 169 participants including 137 patients with CHB and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. We detected the expression of GPX4 and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The methylation level of GPX4 gene promoter in PBMCs was detected by TaqMan probe-based quantitative methylation-specific PCR (MethyLight). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the serum levels of GPX4, IFN-β, oxidative stress (OS) related molecules, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS The expression levels of GPX4 in PBMCs and serum of CHB patients were lower than those of HCs, but the methylation levels of GPX4 promoter were higher than those of HCs, especially in patients at the immune tolerance phase. STING mRNA expression levels in PBMCs and serum IFN-β levels of patients at the immune activation phase and reactivation phase of CHB were higher than those at other clinical phases of CHB and HCs. GPX4 mRNA expression level and methylation level in PBMCs from patients with CHB had a certain correlation with STING and IFN-β expression levels. In addition, the methylation level of the GPX4 promoter in PBMCs from patients with CHB was correlated with molecules associated with OS and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS GPX4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and immune tolerance of CHB, which may provide new ideas for the functional cure of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, 250012, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, 250012, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jihui Li
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, 250012, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, 250012, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
- Hepatology Institute of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, 250012, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
- Hepatology Institute of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, 250012, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
- Hepatology Institute of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Xu W, Wei D, Song X. Identification of SLC40A1, LCN2, CREB5, and SLC7A11 as ferroptosis-related biomarkers in alopecia areata through machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3800. [PMID: 38360836 PMCID: PMC10869692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common non-scarring hair loss condition driven by the collapse of immune privilege and oxidative stress. The role of ferroptosis, a type of cell death linked to oxidative stress, in AA is yet to be explored, even though it's implicated in various diseases. Using transcriptome data from AA patients and controls from datasets GSE68801 and GSE80342, we aimed to identify AA diagnostic marker genes linked to ferroptosis. We employed Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) for immune cell infiltration evaluation. Correlations between ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FRDEGs) and immune cells/functions were identified using Spearman analysis. Feature selection was done through Support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and LASSO regression models. Validation was performed using the GSE80342 dataset, followed by hierarchical internal validation. We also constructed a nomogram to assess the predictive ability of FRDEGs in AA. Furthermore, the expression and distribution of these molecules were confirmed through immunofluorescence. Four genes, namely SLC40A1, LCN2, CREB5, and SLC7A11, were identified as markers for AA. A prediction model based on these genes showed high accuracy (AUC = 0.9052). Immunofluorescence revealed reduced expression of these molecules in AA patients compared to normal controls (NC), with SLC40A1 and CREB5 showing significant differences. Notably, they were primarily localized to the outer root sheath and in proximity to the sebaceous glands. Our study identified several ferroptosis-related genes associated with AA. These findings, emerging from the integration of immune cell infiltration analysis and machine learning, contribute to the evolving understanding of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in AA. Importantly, this research lays a solid foundation for subsequent studies exploring the intricate relationship between AA and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Dongfan Wei
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Kojima Y, Tanaka M, Sasaki M, Ozeki K, Shimura T, Kubota E, Kataoka H. Induction of ferroptosis by photodynamic therapy and enhancement of antitumor effect with ferroptosis inducers. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:81-94. [PMID: 37947872 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective tumor treatment that involves the administration of a photosensitizer to generate cytotoxic 1O2 [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] from molecular oxygen that is produced from energy absorption following tumor irradiation at specific wavelengths. Ferroptosis is induced by the disruption of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) antioxidant system, leading to lipid peroxidation. We hypothesized that talaporfin sodium-photodynamic therapy (TS-PDT)-generated ROS would lead to ferroptosis via accumulation of lipid peroxidation. METHODS Cell viability assay in TS-PDT-treated cells in combination with a ferroptosis inhibitor (ferrostatin-1: Fer-1) or ferroptosis inducers (imidazole ketone erastin: IKE, Ras-selective lethal 3: RSL3) was performed. Accumulation of lipid peroxidation, GPX4 antioxidant system and cystine/glutamate antiporter (system xc-) activity in TS-PDT-treated cells was investigated. In xenograft mice, the antitumor effect of TS-PDT in combination with ferroptosis inducers (IKE or sorafenib) was examined. RESULTS TS-PDT-induced cell death was partly suppressed by Fer-1 and accompanied by lipid peroxidation. TS-PDT combined with IKE or RSL3 enhanced the induction of cell death. TS-PDT inhibited cystine uptake activity via system xc-. In vivo, the combination of TS-PDT and ferroptosis inducers (IKE or sorafenib) reduced tumor volume. CONCLUSION This study found that the mechanism underlying TS-PDT-induced ferroptosis constitutes direct lipid peroxidation by the generated ROS, and the inhibition of system xc-, and that the combination of a ferroptosis inducer with TS-PDT enhances the antitumor effect of TS-PDT. Our findings suggest that ferroptosis-inducing therapies combined with PDT may benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Makiko Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Keiji Ozeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaya Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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Rusiñol L, Puig L. Multi-Omics Approach to Improved Diagnosis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1042. [PMID: 38256115 PMCID: PMC10815999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis fall within the category of cutaneous immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). The prevalence of IMIDs is increasing in industrialized societies, influenced by both environmental changes and a genetic predisposition. However, the exact immune factors driving these chronic, progressive diseases are not fully understood. By using multi-omics techniques in cutaneous IMIDs, it is expected to advance the understanding of skin biology, uncover the underlying mechanisms of skin conditions, and potentially devise precise and personalized approaches to diagnosis and treatment. We provide a narrative review of the current knowledge in genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. A literature search was performed for articles published until 30 November 2023. Although there is still much to uncover, recent evidence has already provided valuable insights, such as proteomic profiles that permit differentiating psoriasis from mycosis fungoides and β-defensin 2 correlation to PASI and its drop due to secukinumab first injection, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Rusiñol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Docent Hospital Universitari Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Docent Hospital Universitari Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Xie Y, Kang R, Klionsky DJ, Tang D. GPX4 in cell death, autophagy, and disease. Autophagy 2023; 19:2621-2638. [PMID: 37272058 PMCID: PMC10472888 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2218764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), originally known as PHGPX (phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase), is the main oxidoreductase in the use of glutathione as a reducing agent in scavenging lipid peroxidation products. There are three GPX4 isoforms: cytosolic (cGPX4), mitochondrial (mGPX4), and nuclear (nGPX4), with distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns during embryonic development and adult life. In addition to inducing the main phenotype of ferroptosis, the loss of GPX4 can in some cells trigger apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, or parthanatos, which mediates or accelerates developmental defects, tissue damage, and sterile inflammation. The interaction of GPX4 with the autophagic degradation pathway further modulates cell fate in response to oxidative stress. Impaired GPX4 function is implicated in tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, infertility, inflammation, immune disorders, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Additionally, the R152H mutation in GPX4 can promote the development of Sedaghatian-type spinal metaphyseal dysplasia, a rare and fatal disease in newborns. Here, we discuss the roles of classical GPX4 functions as well as emerging GPX4-regulated processes in cell death, autophagy, and disease.Abbreviations: AA: arachidonic acid; cGPX4: cytosolic GPX4; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; DAMPs: danger/damage-associated molecular patterns; mGPX4: mitochondrial GPX4; nGPX4: nuclear GPX4; GSDMD-N: N-terminal fragment of GSDMD; I/R: ischemia-reperfusion; PLOOH: phospholipid hydroperoxide; PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids; RCD: regulated cell death; ROS: reactive oxygen species; Se: selenium; SSMD: Sedaghatian-type spondylometaphyseal dysplasia; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Xie
- Department of Oncology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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15
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Liu Y, Lu S, Wu LL, Yang L, Yang L, Wang J. The diversified role of mitochondria in ferroptosis in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:519. [PMID: 37580393 PMCID: PMC10425449 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, and it has been studied extensively since its discovery in 2012. Induced by iron overload and ROS accumulation, ferroptosis is modulated by various cellular metabolic and signaling pathways. The GSH-GPX4 pathway, the FSP1-CoQ10 pathway, the GCH1-BH4 pathway, the DHODH-CoQH2 system and the sex hormones suppress ferroptosis. Mitochondrial iron metabolism regulates ferroptosis and mitochondria also undergo a morphological change during ferroptosis, these changes include increased membrane density and reduced mitochondrial cristae. Moreover, mitochondrial energy metabolism changes during ferroptosis, the increased oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production rates lead to a decrease in the glycolysis rate. In addition, excessive oxidative stress induces irreversible damage to mitochondria, diminishing organelle integrity. ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitophagy also function in ferroptosis. Notably, some ferroptosis inhibitors target mitochondria. Ferroptosis is a major mechanism for cell death associated with the progression of cancer. Metastasis-prone or metastatic cancer cells are more susceptible to ferroptosis. Inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells shows very promising potential for treating drug-resistant cancers. In this review, we present a brief retrospect of the discovery and the characteristics of ferroptosis, then we discuss the regulation of ferroptosis and highlight the unique role played by mitochondria in the ferroptosis of cancer cells. Furthermore, we explain how ferroptosis functions as a double-edged sword as well as novel therapies aimed at selectively manipulating cell death for cancer eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu'e Liu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shiping Lu
- Center for Translational Research in infection and Inflammation, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lei-Lei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Lixue Yang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery II, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Liu J, Zhou Y, Xie C, Li C, Ma L, Zhang Y. Anti-Ferroptotic Effects of bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with Ferrostatin-1 in Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion Injury Associate with the GPX4/COX-2 Axis. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:502-518. [PMID: 36322371 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence of the critical role of Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1, ferroptosis inhibitor) in cerebral ischemia has intrigued us to explore the molecular mechanistic actions of Fer-1 delivery by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSCs-EVs) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In vivo middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in hippocampal neurons were developed to simulate cerebral I/R injury. After Fer-1 was confirmed to be successfully delivered by MSCs-EVs to neurons, we found that MSCs-EVs loaded with Fer-1 (MSCs-EVs/Fer-1) reduced neuron apoptosis and enhanced viability, along with curtailed inflammation and ferroptosis. The regulation of Fer-1 on GPX4/COX2 axis was predicted by bioinformatics study and validated by functional experiments. The in vivo experiments further confirmed that MSCs-EVs/Fer-1 ameliorated cerebral I/R injury in mice. Furthermore, poor expression of GPX4 and high expression of COX-2 were witnessed in cerebral I/R injury models. MSCs-EVs/Fer-1 exerted its protective effects against cerebral I/R injury by upregulating GPX4 expression and inhibiting COX-2 expression. Taken together, our study indicates that MSCs-EVs/Fer-1 may be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury due to its anti-ferroptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, No. 82, North Section 2, 2nd Ring Road, 610081, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, 610081, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ci Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, 610081, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 76, Huacai Road, Chenghua District, 610052, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yamei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, No. 82, North Section 2, 2nd Ring Road, 610081, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China.
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Liu L, Lian N, Shi L, Hao Z, Chen K. Ferroptosis: Mechanism and connections with cutaneous diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1079548. [PMID: 36684424 PMCID: PMC9846271 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1079548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recognized novel form of programmed cell death pathway, featuring abnormalities in iron metabolism, SystemXc-/glutathione axis, and lipid peroxidation regulation. A variety of ferroptosis inducers can influence glutathione peroxidase directly or indirectly via diverse pathways, leading to decreased antioxidant capacity, accumulated cellular lipid peroxides, and finally inducing ferroptosis. To date, mounting studies confirm the association of ferroptosis with various cutaneous diseases, including skin homeostasis, neoplastic diseases, infectious diseases, genetic skin disease, inflammatory skin diseases, and autoimmune diseases. There are shared characteristics regarding ferroptosis and various cutaneous diseases in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress associated with iron metabolism disorder and accumulated lipid peroxides. Therefore, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of ferroptosis for further discussion of its role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of skin diseases. Gaining insight into the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis and the associated dermatological disorders could illuminate the pathogenesis and treatments of different cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Liu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Lian
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqing Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Hao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Kun Chen,
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Wu MN, Zhou DM, Jiang CY, Chen WW, Chen JC, Zou YM, Han T, Zhou LJM. Genetic analysis of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in ferroptosis from psoriasis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1104462. [PMID: 36685512 PMCID: PMC9846571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ferroptosis is associated with multiple pathophysiological processes. Inhibition of ferroptosis has received much concern for some diseases. Nonetheless, there is no study comprehensively illustrating functions of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in psoriasis. Methods In this study, FRGs together with psoriasis-associated data were obtained in Ferroptosis Database (FerrDb) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) database separately. This work identified altogether 199 psoriasis-associated DE-FRGs, and they were tightly associated with immunity and autophagy modulation. Thereafter, the present study utilized SVM-RFE and LASSO algorithms to identify NR5A2, CISD1, GCLC, PRKAA2, TRIB2, ABCC5, ACSF2, TIMM9, DCAF7, PEBP1, and MDM2 from those 199 DE-FRGs to be marker genes. As revealed by later functional annotation, the marker genes possibly had important effects on psoriasis through being involved in diverse psoriasis pathogenesis-related pathways such as cell cycle, toll-like receptor (TLR), chemokine, and nod-like receptor (NLR) pathways. Moreover, altogether 37 drugs that targeted 11 marker genes were acquired. Besides, based on CIBERSORT analysis, alterations of immune microenvironment in psoriasis cases were possibly associated with PRKAA2, PEBP1, CISD1, and ACSF2. Discussion Taken together, this work established the diagnostic potency and shed more lights on psoriasis-related mechanism. More investigations are warranted to validate its value in diagnosing psoriasis before it is applied in clinic.
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Yin L, Liu P, Jin Y, Ning Z, Yang Y, Gao H. Ferroptosis-related small-molecule compounds in cancer therapy: Strategies and applications. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ursini F, Bosello Travain V, Cozza G, Miotto G, Roveri A, Toppo S, Maiorino M. A white paper on Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx4) forty years later. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:117-133. [PMID: 35718302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purification of a protein inhibiting lipid peroxidation led to the discovery of the selenoperoxidase GPx4 forty years ago. Thus, the evidence of the enzymatic activity was reached after identifying the biological effect and unambiguously defined the relationship between the biological function and the enzymatic activity. In the syllogism where GPx4 inhibits lipid peroxidation and its inhibition is lethal, cell death is operated by lipid peroxidation. Based on this rationale, this form of cell death emerged as regulated iron-enforced oxygen toxicity and was named ferroptosis in 2012. In the last decades, we learned that reduction of lipid hydroperoxides is indispensable and, in cooperation with prooxidant systems, controls the critical steady state of lipid peroxidation. This concept defined the GPx4 reaction as both the target for possible anti-cancer therapy and if insufficient, as cause of degenerative diseases. We know the reaction mechanism, but the details of the interaction at the membrane cytosol interface are still poorly defined. We know the gene structure, but the knowledge about expression control is still limited. The same holds true for post-transcriptional modifications. Reverse genetics indicate that GPx4 has a role in inflammation, immunity, and differentiation, but the observations emerging from these studies need a more specifically addressed biochemical evidence. Finally, the role of GPx4 in spermatogenesis disclosed an area unconnected to lipid peroxidation. In its mitochondrial and nuclear form, the peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of protein thiols in two specific aspects of sperm maturation: stabilization of the mid-piece and chromatin compaction. Thus, although available evidence converges to the notion that GPx4 activity is vital due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, it is reasonable to foresee other unknown aspects of the GPx4 reaction to be disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Roveri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
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Liu L, Kang XX. ACSL4 is overexpressed in psoriasis and enhances inflammatory responses by activating ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 623:1-8. [PMID: 35868067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
More and more studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to the progression of various diseases, but the significance of ferroptosis in psoriasis is still rarely explored. The detection of plasma and psoriatic lesions found that the contents of MDA and ROS were significantly increased, while the contents of SOD and GSH were significantly decreased, and the trend of increase or decrease in patients with progressive psoriasis was more obvious. The expression of ACSL4, a key regulator of ferroptosis, was significantly increased in psoriatic lesions and further up-regulated in patients with progressive psoriasis. ACSL4 expression was positively correlated with PASI score and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17a), and linear regression analysis showed that high expression of ACSL4 in psoriatic lesions was associated with higher PASI score. Both ferroptosis inducer Erastin and IFN-γ/TNF-α significantly induced ferroptosis, inhibited keratinocyte viability, promoted the accumulation of MDA, ROS and Fe2+, and enhanced ACSL4, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 expression. When ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 was added to inhibit ferroptosis, the up-regulation trends of MDA, ROS, Fe2+, ACSL4, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly inhibited, and inhibition of ACSL4 expression also had a similar effect. Apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK could also attenuate the pro-inflammatory effect of IFN-γ/TNF-α, and Fer-1 plus Z-VAD-FMK further inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, ferroptosis is significantly activated during the progression of psoriasis and promotes inflammatory responses by upregulating ACSL4 expression. This discovery will provide new targets for clinical detection, prevention and treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Schwärzler J, Mayr L, Vich Vila A, Grabherr F, Niederreiter L, Philipp M, Grander C, Meyer M, Jukic A, Tröger S, Enrich B, Przysiecki N, Tschurtschenthaler M, Sommer F, Kronberger I, Koch J, Hilbe R, Hess MW, Oberhuber G, Sprung S, Ran Q, Koch R, Effenberger M, Kaneider NC, Wieser V, Keller MA, Weersma RK, Aden K, Rosenstiel P, Blumberg RS, Kaser A, Tilg H, Adolph TE. PUFA-Induced Metabolic Enteritis as a Fuel for Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1690-1704. [PMID: 35031299 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) globally emerges with Westernization of lifestyle and nutritional habits. However, a specific dietary constituent that comprehensively evokes gut inflammation in human inflammatory bowel diseases remains elusive. We aimed to delineate how increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in a Western diet, known to impart risk for developing CD, affects gut inflammation and disease course. We hypothesized that the unfolded protein response and antioxidative activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which are compromised in human CD epithelium, compensates for metabolic perturbation evoked by dietary PUFAs. METHODS We phenotyped and mechanistically dissected enteritis evoked by a PUFA-enriched Western diet in 2 mouse models exhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress consequent to intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletion of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) or Gpx4. We translated the findings to human CD epithelial organoids and correlated PUFA intake, as estimated by a dietary questionnaire or stool metabolomics, with clinical disease course in 2 independent CD cohorts. RESULTS PUFA excess in a Western diet potently induced ER stress, driving enteritis in Xbp1-/-IEC and Gpx4+/-IEC mice. ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs activated the epithelial endoplasmic reticulum sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) sensing of oxidation-specific epitopes. TLR2-controlled IRE1α activity governed PUFA-induced chemokine production and enteritis. In active human CD, ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs instigated epithelial chemokine expression, and patients displayed a compatible inflammatory stress signature in the serum. Estimated PUFA intake correlated with clinical and biochemical disease activity in a cohort of 160 CD patients, which was similarly demonstrable in an independent metabolomic stool analysis from 199 CD patients. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for the concept of PUFA-induced metabolic gut inflammation which may worsen the course of human CD. Our findings provide a basis for targeted nutritional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arnau Vich Vila
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and Groningen University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Niederreiter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maureen Philipp
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Almina Jukic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Tröger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Przysiecki
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Tschurtschenthaler
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrecht University Kiel and Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany
| | - Irmgard Kronberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Koch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Oberhuber
- INNPATH, Innsbruck Medical University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Sprung
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Qitao Ran
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Effenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole C Kaneider
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Verena Wieser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and Groningen University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrecht University Kiel and Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrecht University Kiel and Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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23
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Schwärzler J, Mayr L, Radlinger B, Grabherr F, Philipp M, Texler B, Grander C, Ritsch A, Hunjadi M, Enrich B, Salzmann K, Ran Q, Huber LA, Tilg H, Kaser S, Adolph TE. Adipocyte GPX4 protects against inflammation, hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:951-959. [PMID: 35031697 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and related disorders, afflicting substantial morbidity and mortality to individuals worldwide. White visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue not only serves as energy storage but also controls metabolism. Adipose tissue inflammation, commonly observed in human obesity, is considered a critical driver of metabolic perturbation while molecular hubs are poorly explored. Metabolic stress evoked by e.g. long-chain fatty acids leads to oxidative perturbation of adipocytes and production of inflammatory cytokines, fuelling macrophage infiltration and systemic low-grade inflammation. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protects against lipid peroxidation, accumulation of oxygen-specific epitopes and cell death, collectively referred to as ferroptosis. Here, we explore the function of adipocyte GPX4 in mammalian metabolism. METHODS We studied the regulation and function of GPX4 in differentiated mouse adipocytes derived from 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. We generated two conditional adipocyte-specific Gpx4 knockout mice by crossing Gpx4fl/fl mice with Adipoq-Cre+ (Gpx4-/-AT) or Fabp4-Cre+ (Gpx4+/-Fabp4) mice. Both models were metabolically characterized by a glucose tolerance test and insulin resistance test, and adipose tissue lipid peroxidation, inflammation and cell death were assessed by quantifying oxygen-specific epitopes, transcriptional analysis of chemokines, quantification of F4/80+ macrophages and TUNEL labelling. RESULTS GPX4 expression was induced during and required for adipocyte differentiation. In mature adipocytes, impaired GPX4 activity spontaneously evoked lipid peroxidation and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and the IL-8 homologue CXCL1. Gpx4-/-AT mice spontaneously displayed adipocyte hypertrophy on a chow diet, which was paralleled by the accumulation of oxygen-specific epitopes and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue. Furthermore, Gpx4-/-AT mice spontaneously developed glucose intolerance, hepatic insulin resistance and systemic low-grade inflammation, when compared to wildtype littermates, which was similarly recapitulated in Gpx4+/-Fabp4 mice. Gpx4-/-AT mice exhibited no signs of adipocyte death. CONCLUSION Adipocyte GPX4 protects against spontaneous metabolic dysregulation and systemic low-grade inflammation independent from ferroptosis, which could be therapeutically exploited in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Radlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maureen Philipp
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Texler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Ritsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Hunjadi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Salzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Qitao Ran
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Kaser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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24
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Liang Y, Zhang L, Peng C, Zhang S, Chen S, Qian X, Luo W, Dan Q, Ren Y, Li Y, Zhao B. Tumor microenvironments self-activated nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for ferroptosis based cancer chemodynamic/photothermal/chemo therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3231-3243. [PMID: 34729312 PMCID: PMC8546666 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as a newly discovered cell death form, has become an attractive target for precision cancer therapy. Several ferroptosis therapy strategies based on nanotechnology have been reported by either increasing intracellular iron levels or by inhibition of glutathione (GSH)-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). However, the strategy by simultaneous iron delivery and GPX4 inhibition has rarely been reported. Herein, novel tumor microenvironments (TME)-activated metal-organic frameworks involving Fe & Cu ions bridged by disulfide bonds with PEGylation (FCSP MOFs) were developed, which would be degraded specifically under the redox TME, simultaneously achieving GSH-depletion induced GPX4 inactivation and releasing Fe ions to produce ROS via Fenton reaction, therefore causing ferroptosis. More ROS could be generated by the acceleration of Fenton reaction due to the released Cu ions and the intrinsic photothermal capability of FCSP MOFs. The overexpressed GSH and H2O2 in TME could ensure the specific TME self-activated therapy. Better tumor therapeutic efficiency could be achieved by doxorubicin (DOX) loading since it can not only cause apoptosis, but also indirectly produce H2O2 to amplify Fenton reaction. Remarkable anti-tumor effect of obtained FCSP@DOX MOFs was verified via both in vitro and in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519099, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Siwen Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Qian
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wanxian Luo
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qing Dan
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yongyan Ren
- Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yingjia Li
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Bingxia Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Corresponding authors.
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25
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Abstract
Significance: Iron is an essential element required for growth and proper functioning of the body. However, an excess of labile ferrous iron increases the risk of oxidative stress-induced injury due to the high reactivity of the unpaired reactive electrons of both ferrous iron and oxygen. This high reactivity can be exemplified in the outside world by one of its consequences, rust formation. In cells, this redox-active iron is involved in the formation of lipid radicals. Recent Advances: Defect or insufficient membrane-protective mechanisms can result in iron-catalyzed excessive lipid peroxidation and subsequent cell death, now conceptualized as ferroptosis. Growing reports propose the detrimental role of iron and ferroptosis in many experimental disease models such as ischemia-reperfusion, acute and chronic organ injuries. Critical Issues: This review first provides a snapshot of iron metabolism, followed by a brief introduction of the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, as an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation-driven mode of cell death. Upon describing how iron dysbiosis affects ferroptosis induction, we elaborate on the detrimental role of the iron-ferroptosis axis in several diseases. Future Directions: Despite compelling findings suggesting a role of ferroptosis in experimental animal models, the exact contribution of ferroptosis in human contexts still needs further investigation. Development of reliable ferroptosis biomarkers will be an important step in characterizing ferroptosis in human disease. This can provide therapeutic opportunities aiming at targeting ferroptosis in human diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 487-509.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Hassannia
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Samya Van Coillie
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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Li JY, Yao YM, Tian YP. Ferroptosis: A Trigger of Proinflammatory State Progression to Immunogenicity in Necroinflammatory Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701163. [PMID: 34489948 PMCID: PMC8418153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, necrosis is generally regarded as traumatic cell death due to mechanical shear stress or other physicochemical factors, while apoptosis is commonly thought to be programmed cell death, which is silent to immunological response. Actually, multiple modalities of cell death are programmed to maintain systematic immunity. Programmed necrosis, such as necrosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, are inherently more immunogenic than apoptosis. Programmed necrosis leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, defined as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), resulting in a necroinflammatory response, which can drive the proinflammatory state under certain biological circumstances. Ferroptosis as a newly discovered non-apoptotic form of cell death, is characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation and overload iron, which occurs in cancer, neurodegeneration, immune and inflammatory diseases, as well as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is triggered by a surplus of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced in an imbalanced redox reaction due to the decrease in glutathione synthesis and inaction of enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Ferroptosis is considered as a potential therapeutic and molecular target for the treatment of necroinflammatory disease, and further investigation into the underlying pathophysiological characteristics and molecular mechanisms implicated may lay the foundations for an interventional therapeutic strategy. This review aims to demonstrate the key roles of ferroptosis in the development of necroinflammatory diseases, the major regulatory mechanisms involved, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-yan Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong-ming Yao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-ping Tian
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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27
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Yu Y, Yan Y, Niu F, Wang Y, Chen X, Su G, Liu Y, Zhao X, Qian L, Liu P, Xiong Y. Ferroptosis: a cell death connecting oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:193. [PMID: 34312370 PMCID: PMC8313570 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a recently identified and iron-dependent cell death, differs from other cell death such as apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy-dependent cell death. This form of cell death does not exhibit typical morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell shrinkage, mitochondrial fragmentation, nuclear condensation. The dysfunction of lipid peroxide clearance, the presence of redox-active iron as well as oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids are three essential features of ferroptosis. Iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation signaling are increasingly recognized as central mediators of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis plays an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that ferroptosis is implicated in a variety of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure, indicating that targeting ferroptosis will present a novel therapeutic approach against cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the features, process, function, and mechanisms of ferroptosis, and its increasingly connected relevance to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanglin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guodong Su
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710018, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710018, P. R. China.
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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28
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Shi L, Liu Y, Li M, Luo Z. Emerging roles of ferroptosis in the tumor immune landscape: from danger signals to anti-tumor immunity. FEBS J 2021; 289:3655-3665. [PMID: 34042258 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a vital event in various physiological and pathological processes. Ferroptosis is a newly described RCD, which is driven by iron accumulation and unrestricted lipid peroxidation. The interaction between ferroptosis and immunity has been a topic of substantial interest since its discovery in 2012. It has become increasingly evident that ferroptosis is critically involved in the regulation of antitumor immunity and may provide potential strategies in immunotherapy. Ferroptosis could release various damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or lipid metabolites to regulate the cellular immune response, validating its role as a form of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Specifically, the oxygenated membrane lipids on ferroptotic cells could mediate the phagocytosis by macrophages to maintain the immune responses. Additionally, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy may sensitize cancer cells to ferroptosis, while ferroptosis might contribute to tumor immune evasion by directly interfering with the function of various immune cells. Based on these insights, we provided a comprehensive review on the interaction patterns between ferroptosis and immunity, which may not only offer insight into the underlying regulatory mechanisms but also facilitating the development of ferroptosis-based antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, China
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Li S, Zhou C, Zhu Y, Chao Z, Sheng Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Ferrostatin-1 alleviates angiotensin II (Ang II)- induced inflammation and ferroptosis in astrocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107179. [PMID: 33278745 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammation and ferroptosis in astrocytes can be induced by external injuries, which results in excessive production of inflammatory factors and further injury on neurons. Alleviating ferroptosis might be an effective way to protect the brain from external injuries. The present study aims to explore the protective effects of Ferrostatin-1 against ferroptosis induced by Angiotensin II and the underlying mechanism. METHODS The mouse primary astrocytes were isolated from the cortices of mice. The astrocytes were stimulated using 10 µM angiotensin II in the presence or absence of 1 or 2 μM Ferrostatin-1. The gene expression levels of AT1R, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, GFAP, and GPx4 were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Western Blot was used to determine the protein levels of AT1R, COX-2, GFAP, GPx4, Nrf2, and HO-1 and ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2. The ROS levels were evaluated using DHE staining and the reduced GSH level was determined using GSH detection kits. RESULTS The expression levels of AT1R, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, and GFAP in the astrocytes were significantly elevated by stimulation with Ang II and greatly suppressed by the introduction of Ferrostatin-1 in a dose-dependent manner. The promoted ROS level and inhibited GSH level in the astrocytes by the stimulation with Ang II were significantly reversed by Ferrostatin-1. Down-regulated GPx4, Nrf2, and HO-1 in the astrocytes induced by Ang II were extremely up-regulated by the treatment of Ferrostatin-1 in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Ferrostatin-1 alleviates angiotensin II (Ang II)- induced inflammation and ferroptosis by suppressing the ROS levels and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhiwen Chao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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Zheng J, Conrad M. The Metabolic Underpinnings of Ferroptosis. Cell Metab 2020; 32:920-937. [PMID: 33217331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute or chronic cellular stress resulting from aberrant metabolic and biochemical processes may trigger a pervasive non-apoptotic form of cell death, generally known as ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is unique among the different cell death modalities, as it has been mostly linked to pathophysiological conditions and because several metabolic pathways, such as (seleno)thiol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, iron handling, mevalonate pathway, and mitochondrial respiration, directly impinge on the cells' sensitivity toward lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Additionally, key cellular redox systems, such as selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 and the NAD(P)H/ferroptosis suppressor protein-1/ubiquinone axis, are at play that constantly surveil and neutralize oxidative damage to cellular membranes. Since this form of cell death emerges to be the root cause of a number of diseases and since it offers various pharmacologically tractable nodes for therapeutic intervention, there has been overwhelming interest in the last few years aiming for a better molecular understanding of the ferroptotic death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Zheng
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; National Research Medical University, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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Posttranslational Modifications in Ferroptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8832043. [PMID: 33294126 PMCID: PMC7718049 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8832043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis was first coined in 2012 to describe the form of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. To date, ferroptosis has been implicated in many diseases, such as carcinogenesis, degenerative diseases (e.g., Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases), ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have identified numerous targets involved in ferroptosis; for example, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and p53 induce while glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 (AIFM2, also known as FSP1) inhibit ferroptosis. At least three major pathways (the glutathione-GPX4, FSP1-coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and GTP cyclohydrolase-1- (GCH1-) tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathways) have been identified to participate in ferroptosis regulation. Recent advances have also highlighted the crucial roles of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins in ferroptosis. Here, we summarize the recently discovered knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, particularly the roles of PTMs in ferroptosis regulation.
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Stanishevska NV. Selenoproteins and their emerging roles in signaling pathways. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional activity of selenoproteins has a wide range of effects on complex pathogenetic processes, including teratogenesis, immuno-inflammatory, neurodegenerative. Being active participants and promoters of many signaling pathways, selenoproteins support the lively interest of a wide scientific community. This review is devoted to the analysis of recent data describing the participation of selenoproteins in various molecular interactions mediating important signaling pathways. Data processing was carried out by the method of complex analysis. For convenience, all selenoproteins were divided into groups depending on their location and function. Among the group of selenoproteins of the ER membrane, selenoprotein N affects the absorption of Ca2+ by the endoplasmic reticulum mediated by oxidoreductin (ERO1), a key player in the CHOP/ERO1 branch, a pathogenic mechanism that causes myopathy. Another selenoprotein of the ER membrane selenoprotein K binding to the DHHC6 protein affects the IP3R receptor that regulates Ca2+ flux. Selenoprotein K is able to affect another protein of the endoplasmic reticulum CHERP, also appearing in Ca2+ transport. Selenoprotein S, associated with the lumen of ER, is able to influence the VCP protein, which ensures the incorporation of selenoprotein K into the ER membrane. Selenoprotein M, as an ER lumen protein, affects the phosphorylation of STAT3 by leptin, which confirms that Sel M is a positive regulator of leptin signaling. Selenoprotein S also related to luminal selenoproteins ER is a modulator of the IRE1α-sXBP1 signaling pathway. Nuclear selenoprotein H will directly affect the suppressor of malignant tumours, p53 protein, the activation of which increases with Sel H deficiency. The same selenoprotein is involved in redox regulation. Among the cytoplasmic selenoproteins, abundant investigations are devoted to SelP, which affects the PI3K/Akt/Erk signaling pathway during ischemia/reperfusion, is transported into the myoblasts through the plasmalemma after binding to the apoER2 receptor, and into the neurons to the megaline receptor and in general, selenoprotein P plays the role of a pool that stores the necessary trace element and releases it, if necessary, for vital selenoproteins. The thioredoxin reductase family plays a key role in the invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma through the influence on the TGF-β-Akt/GSK-3β pathway during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The deletion of thioredoxin reductase 1 affects the levels of messengers of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. No less studied is the glutathione peroxidase group, of which GPX3 is able to inhibit signaling in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and thereby inhibit thyroid metastasis, as well as suppress protein levels in the PI3K/Akt/c-fos pathway. A key observation is that in cases of carcinogenesis, a decrease in GPX3 and its hypermethylation are almost always found. Among deiodinases, deiodinase 3 acts as a promoter of the oncogenes BRAF, MEK or p38, while stimulating a decrease in the expression of cyclin D1. The dependence of the level of deiodinase 3 on the Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is also noted. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A can compete for the uptake of ubiquitin, reduce p38, JNK and ERK promoters of the MAPK signaling pathway; methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 suppresses MAPK signaling messengers, and also increases PARP and caspase 3.
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Ferroptosis as an emerging target in inflammatory diseases. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 155:20-28. [PMID: 32311424 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell survival or death is one critical issue in inflammatory responses. Ferroptosis, which is characterized by iron-dependent lethal lipid peroxidation, has been found to participate in the development of cancers, degenerative brain diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into cellular membranes represents a vulnerability to invasion of microbials and sterile stimuli. In addition, the competition for iron in the battle between microbials and host cells underlies infection development. Although host cells have been equipped with complex antioxidant systems to combat lethal accumulation of lipid peroxidation, emerging evidence suggests several pathogens may target PUFAs in the cell membrane, and manipulate ferroptosis as a way for pathogen propagation. Moreover, ferroptosis takes part in the progression of sterile inflammations, such as cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke and ischemia-reperfusion injuries. As iron-dependent oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are common features for ferroptosis and inflammatory diseases, underlying mechanisms linking such pathological conditions will be discussed in this review. Progress in the research of ferroptosis may shed more light on the etiology and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Mayr L, Grabherr F, Schwärzler J, Reitmeier I, Sommer F, Gehmacher T, Niederreiter L, He GW, Ruder B, Kunz KTR, Tymoszuk P, Hilbe R, Haschka D, Feistritzer C, Gerner RR, Enrich B, Przysiecki N, Seifert M, Keller MA, Oberhuber G, Sprung S, Ran Q, Koch R, Effenberger M, Tancevski I, Zoller H, Moschen AR, Weiss G, Becker C, Rosenstiel P, Kaser A, Tilg H, Adolph TE. Dietary lipids fuel GPX4-restricted enteritis resembling Crohn's disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1775. [PMID: 32286299 PMCID: PMC7156516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global phenomenon that could be related to adoption of a Western life-style. Westernization of dietary habits is partly characterized by enrichment with the ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA), which entails risk for developing IBD. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protects against lipid peroxidation (LPO) and cell death termed ferroptosis. We report that small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in Crohn’s disease (CD) exhibit impaired GPX4 activity and signs of LPO. PUFAs and specifically AA trigger a cytokine response of IECs which is restricted by GPX4. While GPX4 does not control AA metabolism, cytokine production is governed by similar mechanisms as ferroptosis. A PUFA-enriched Western diet triggers focal granuloma-like neutrophilic enteritis in mice that lack one allele of Gpx4 in IECs. Our study identifies dietary PUFAs as a trigger of GPX4-restricted mucosal inflammation phenocopying aspects of human CD. Dietary lipids are linked to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases through unclear mechanisms. Here, the authors report that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids trigger intestinal inflammation resembling aspects of Crohn’s disease, which is restricted by glutathione peroxidase 4 in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabelle Reitmeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Gehmacher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Niederreiter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gui-Wei He
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Ruder
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai T R Kunz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Feistritzer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Przysiecki
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Oberhuber
- Pathology Department of Innsbruck Medical University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Sprung
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Qitao Ran
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Effenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Woodby B, Penta K, Pecorelli A, Lila MA, Valacchi G. Skin Health from the Inside Out. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:235-254. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the main interface between the body and the environment, providing a biological barrier against an array of chemical and physical pollutants (e.g., ultraviolet light, ozone, etc.). Exposure of the skin to these outdoor stressors generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can overwhelm the skin's endogenous defense systems (e.g., catalase, vitamins C and E, etc.), resulting in premature skin aging due to the induction of DNA damage, mitochondrial damage, lipid peroxidation, activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, and formation of protein adducts. In this review, we discuss how topical application of antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, carotenoids, resveratrol, and pycnogenol, can be combined with dietary supplementation of these antioxidant compounds in addition to probiotics and essential minerals to protect against outdoor stressor-induced skin damage, including the damage associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Woodby
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Kayla Penta
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 02447 Seoul, South Korea
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Kim HY, Ahn SH, Yang IJ, Park SY, Kim K. Effect of Hataedock Treatment on Epidermal Structure Maintenance through Intervention in the Endocannabinoid System. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:3605153. [PMID: 32063982 PMCID: PMC6998750 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3605153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Hataedock (HTD) on skin barrier maintenance through the endocannabinoid system (ECS) intervention in Dermatophagoides farinae-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) NC/Nga mice. Douchi (fermented Glycine max Merr.) extracts prepared for HTD were orally administered to NC/Nga mice at a 20 mg/kg dose. Then, Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DfE) was applied to induce AD-like skin lesions during the 4th-6th and 8th-10th weeks. Changes in the epidermal structure of the mice were observed by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL assay. The results showed that HTD significantly reduced the clinical scores (p < 0.01) and effectively alleviated the histological features. In the experimental groups, increased expression of cannabinoid receptor type (CB) 1, CB2, and G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and distribution of filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, and longevity assurance homolog 2 (Lass2) indicated that HTD maintained the epidermal barrier through intervening in the ECS. The expression of E-cadherin and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) was increased, and the levels of cluster of differentiation 1a (CD1A) were low. Moreover, the apoptosis of inflammatory cells was elevated. The production of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) was low, and epidermal thickness was decreased. Besides, the expression levels of involucrin were measured by treating genistein, an active ingredient of Douchi extract, and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), one of the ECS agonists. The results showed that genistein had a better lipid barrier formation effect than PEA. In conclusion, HTD alleviates the symptoms of AD by maintaining skin homeostasis, improving skin barrier formation, and downregulating inflammation, through ECS intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yeon Kim
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-hyun Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Semyung-ro 65, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdae-ro 123, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Semyung-ro 65, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibong Kim
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
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Qian F, Misra S, Prabhu KS. Selenium and selenoproteins in prostanoid metabolism and immunity. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:484-516. [PMID: 31996052 PMCID: PMC7122104 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1717430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that functions in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec) in a defined set of proteins. Se deficiency is associated with pathological conditions in humans and animals, where incorporation of Sec into selenoproteins is reduced along with their expression and catalytic activity. Supplementation of Se-deficient population with Se has shown health benefits suggesting the importance of Se in physiology. An interesting paradigm to explain, in part, the health benefits of Se stems from the observations that selenoprotein-dependent modulation of inflammation and efficient resolution of inflammation relies on mechanisms involving a group of bioactive lipid mediators, prostanoids, which orchestrate a concerted action toward maintenance and restoration of homeostatic immune responses. Such an effect involves the interaction of various immune cells with these lipid mediators where cellular redox gatekeeper functions of selenoproteins further aid in not only dampening inflammation, but also initiating an effective and active resolution process. Here we have summarized the current literature on the multifaceted roles of Se/selenoproteins in the regulation of these bioactive lipid mediators and their immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Qian
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
| | - Sougat Misra
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
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38
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Markiewicz E, Idowu OC. DNA damage in human skin and the capacities of natural compounds to modulate the bystander signalling. Open Biol 2019; 9:190208. [PMID: 31847786 PMCID: PMC6936251 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is a stratified organ frequently exposed to sun-generated ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is considered one of the major factors responsible for DNA damage. Such damage can be direct, through interactions of DNA with UV photons, or indirect, mainly through enhanced production of reactive oxygen species that introduce oxidative changes to the DNA. Oxidative stress and DNA damage also associate with profound changes at the cellular and molecular level involving several cell cycle and signal transduction factors responsible for DNA repair or irreversible changes linked to ageing. Crucially, some of these factors constitute part of the signalling known for the induction of biological changes in non-irradiated, neighbouring cells and defined as the bystander effect. Network interactions with a number of natural compounds, based on their known activity towards these biomarkers in the skin, reveal the capacity to inhibit both the bystander signalling and cell cycle/DNA damage molecules while increasing expression of the anti-oxidant enzymes. Based on this information, we discuss the likely polypharmacology applications of the natural compounds and next-generation screening technologies in improving the anti-oxidant and DNA repair capacities of the skin.
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Zhang Y, Tan H, Daniels JD, Zandkarimi F, Liu H, Brown LM, Uchida K, O'Connor OA, Stockwell BR. Imidazole Ketone Erastin Induces Ferroptosis and Slows Tumor Growth in a Mouse Lymphoma Model. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:623-633.e9. [PMID: 30799221 PMCID: PMC6525071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that can be induced by inhibition of the cystine-glutamate antiporter, system xc-. Among the existing system xc- inhibitors, imidazole ketone erastin (IKE) is a potent, metabolically stable inhibitor of system xc- and inducer of ferroptosis potentially suitable for in vivo applications. We investigated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of IKE in a diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) xenograft model and demonstrated that IKE exerted an antitumor effect by inhibiting system xc-, leading to glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation, and the induction of ferroptosis biomarkers both in vitro and in vivo. Using untargeted lipidomics and qPCR, we identified distinct features of lipid metabolism in IKE-induced ferroptosis. In addition, biodegradable polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles were employed to aid in IKE delivery and exhibited reduced toxicity compared with free IKE in a DLBCL xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jacob D Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fereshteh Zandkarimi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hengrui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lewis M Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Owen A O'Connor
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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40
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Masaldan S, Bush AI, Devos D, Rolland AS, Moreau C. Striking while the iron is hot: Iron metabolism and ferroptosis in neurodegeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:221-233. [PMID: 30266679 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in iron homeostasis and iron accumulation feature in several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Proteins such as α-synuclein, tau and amyloid precursor protein that are pathologically associated with neurodegeneration are involved in molecular crosstalk with iron homeostatic proteins. Quantitative susceptibility mapping, an MRI based non-invasive technique, offers proximal evaluations of iron load in regions of the brain and powerfully predicts cognitive decline. Further, small molecules that target elevated iron have shown promise against PD and AD in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Despite these strong links between altered iron homeostasis and neurodegeneration the molecular biology to describe the association between enhanced iron levels and neuron death, synaptic impairment and cognitive decline is ill defined. In this review we discuss the current understanding of brain iron homeostasis and how it may be perturbed under pathological conditions. Further, we explore the ramifications of a novel cell death pathway called ferroptosis that has provided a fresh impetus to the "metal hypothesis" of neurodegeneration. While lipid peroxidation plays a central role in the execution of this cell death modality the removal of iron through chelation or genetic modifications appears to extinguish the ferroptotic pathway. Conversely, tissues that harbour elevated iron may be predisposed to ferroptotic damage. These emerging findings are of relevance to neurodegeneration where ferroptotic signalling may offer new targets to mitigate cell death and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Masaldan
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - David Devos
- Department of Neurology, ALS Center, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1171, University Hospital Center, LICEND COEN Center, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1171, University Hospital Center, LICEND COEN Center, Lille, France
| | - Anne Sophie Rolland
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1171, University Hospital Center, LICEND COEN Center, Lille, France
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Department of Neurology, ALS Center, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1171, University Hospital Center, LICEND COEN Center, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1171, University Hospital Center, LICEND COEN Center, Lille, France
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41
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Magtanong L, Dixon SJ. Ferroptosis and Brain Injury. Dev Neurosci 2019; 40:382-395. [PMID: 30820017 PMCID: PMC6658337 DOI: 10.1159/000496922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of toxic lipid reactive oxygen species. Small-molecule screening and subsequent optimization have yielded potent and specific activators and inhibitors of this process. These compounds have been employed to dissect the lethal mechanism and implicate this process in pathological cell death events observed in many tissues, including the brain. Indeed, ferroptosis is emerging as an important mechanism of cell death during stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and other acute brain injuries, and may also play a role in certain degenerative brain disorders. Outstanding issues include the practical need to identify molecular markers of ferroptosis that can be used to detect and study this process in vivo, and the more basic problem of understanding the relationship between ferroptosis and other forms of cell death that can be triggered in the brain during injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Magtanong
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA,
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42
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Proneth B, Conrad M. Ferroptosis and necroinflammation, a yet poorly explored link. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:14-24. [PMID: 30082768 PMCID: PMC6294786 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death characterized by overwhelming iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which contributes to a number of pathologies, most notably tissue ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegeneration and cancer. Cysteine availability, glutathione biosynthesis, polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and modulation of the phospholipidome are the key events of this necrotic cell death pathway. Non-enzymatic and enzymatic lipoxygenase (LOX)-mediated lipid peroxidation of lipid bilayers is efficiently counteracted by the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis. Preliminary studies suggest that bursting ferroptotic cells release pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that trigger the innate immune system as exemplified by diseased kidney and brain tissues where ferroptosis contributes to organ demise in a predominant manner. The GSH/GPX4 node is known to control the activities of LOX and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS) via the so-called peroxide tone. Since LOX and PTGS products do have pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, one may speculate that these enzymes contribute to the ferroptotic process on several levels in cell-autonomous and non-autonomous ways. Hence, this review provides the reader with an outline on what is currently known about the link between ferroptosis and necroinflammation and discusses critical events that may alert the innate immune system in early phases when cells become sensitized towards ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Proneth
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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43
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Devisscher L, Van Coillie S, Hofmans S, Van Rompaey D, Goossens K, Meul E, Maes L, De Winter H, Van Der Veken P, Vandenabeele P, Berghe TV, Augustyns K. Discovery of Novel, Drug-Like Ferroptosis Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10126-10140. [PMID: 30354101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-catalyzed, nonapoptotic form of regulated necrosis that results in oxidative lipid damage in cell membranes that can be inhibited by the radical-trapping antioxidant Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Novel inhibitors derived from the Fer-1 scaffold inhibited ferroptosis potently but suffered from solubility issues. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a more stable and readily soluble series of Fer-1 analogues that potently inhibit ferroptosis. The most promising compounds (37, 38, and 39) showed an improved protection compared to Fer-1 against multiorgan injury in mice. No toxicity was observed in mice after daily injection of 39 (UAMC-3203) for 4 weeks. UAMC-3203 inserts rapidly in a phospholipid bilayer in silico, which aligns with the current understanding of the mechanism of action of these compounds. In conclusion, these analogues have superior properties compared to Fer-1, show in vivo efficacy, and represent novel lead compounds with therapeutic potential in relevant ferroptosis-driven disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Devisscher
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Samya Van Coillie
- Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit , VIB Center for Inflammation Research , Technologiepark 927 , 9052 Ghent , Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Sam Hofmans
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Dries Van Rompaey
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Kenneth Goossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Eline Meul
- Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit , VIB Center for Inflammation Research , Technologiepark 927 , 9052 Ghent , Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Hans De Winter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit , VIB Center for Inflammation Research , Technologiepark 927 , 9052 Ghent , Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium.,Methusalem Program , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit , VIB Center for Inflammation Research , Technologiepark 927 , 9052 Ghent , Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
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Abstract
Selenium has transitioned from an environmental poison and carcinogen to an essential micronutrient associated with a broad array of health promoting effects. These beneficial effects are now accepted to be linked to its incorporation into selenoproteins, a family of rare proteins utilizing a specialized translation machinery to integrate selenium in the form of selenocysteine. Despite this recognized role, much less is known regarding the actual role of selenium in these proteins. Here, we will provide the reader with an overview of the essential role of specific selenoproteins and their link to pathology based on mouse studies and relevant mutations discovered in humans. Additionally, we will cover recent insights linking a non-interchangeable role for selenium in glutathione peroxidase 4 and its function in suppressing ferroptosis. This critical dependency ultimately generates a strong reliance on metabolic pathways that regulate selenium metabolism and its incorporation into proteins, such as the mevalonate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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45
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Maiorino M, Conrad M, Ursini F. GPx4, Lipid Peroxidation, and Cell Death: Discoveries, Rediscoveries, and Open Issues. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:61-74. [PMID: 28462584 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation is a complex oxidative process where phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) are produced in membranes and finally transformed into a series of decomposition products, some of which are endowed with biological activity. It is specifically prevented by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), the selenoenzyme that reduces PLOOH by glutathione (GSH). PLOOH is both a product and the major initiator of peroxidative chain reactions, as well as an activator of lipoxygenases. α-Tocopherol both specifically breaks peroxidative chain propagation and inhibits lipoxygenases. Thus, GPx4, GSH, and α-tocopherol are integrated in a concerted anti-peroxidant mechanism. Recent Advances: Ferroptosis has been recently identified as a cell death subroutine that is specifically activated by missing GPx4 activity and inhibited by iron chelation or α-tocopherol supplementation. Ferroptosis induction may underlie spontaneous human diseases, such as major neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, causing an excessive cell death. The basic mechanism of ferroptosis, therefore, fits the features of activation of lipid peroxidation. CRITICAL ISSUES Still lacking are convincing proofs that lipoxygenases are involved in ferroptosis. Also, unknown are the molecules eventually killing cells and the mechanisms underlying the drop of the cellular anti-peroxidant capacity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Molecular events and mechanisms of ferroptosis to be unraveled and validated on animal models are GPx4 inactivation, role of GSH concentration, increased iron availability, and membrane structure and composition. This is expected to drive drug discovery that is aimed at halting cell death in degenerative diseases or boosting it in cancer cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 61-74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Maiorino
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Marcus Conrad
- 2 Institute of Developmental Genetics , Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
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46
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Lewerenz J, Ates G, Methner A, Conrad M, Maher P. Oxytosis/Ferroptosis-(Re-) Emerging Roles for Oxidative Stress-Dependent Non-apoptotic Cell Death in Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:214. [PMID: 29731704 PMCID: PMC5920049 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nerve cell death is the hallmark of many neurological diseases, the processes underlying this death are still poorly defined. However, there is a general consensus that neuronal cell death predominantly proceeds by regulated processes. Almost 30 years ago, a cell death pathway eventually named oxytosis was described in neuronal cells that involved glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species production, lipoxygenase activation, and calcium influx. More recently, a cell death pathway that involved many of the same steps was described in tumor cells and termed ferroptosis due to a dependence on iron. Since then there has been a great deal of discussion in the literature about whether these are two distinct pathways or cell type- and insult-dependent variations on the same pathway. In this review, we compare and contrast in detail the commonalities and distinctions between the two pathways concluding that the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of ferroptosis and oxytosis are highly similar if not identical. Thus, we suggest that oxytosis and ferroptosis should be regarded as two names for the same cell death pathway. In addition, we describe the potential physiological relevance of oxytosis/ferroptosis in multiple neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gamze Ates
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Axel Methner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
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47
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Lipid Peroxidation-Dependent Cell Death Regulated by GPx4 and Ferroptosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 403:143-170. [PMID: 28204974 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, PHGPx) can directly reduce phospholipid hydroperoxide. Depletion of GPx4 induces lipid peroxidation-dependent cell death in embryo, testis, brain, liver, heart, and photoreceptor cells of mice. Administration of vitamin E in tissue specific GPx4 KO mice restored tissue damage in testis, liver, and heart. These results indicate that suppression of phospholipid peroxidation is essential for cell survival in normal tissues in mice. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death that can elicited by pharmacological inhibiting the cystine/glutamate antiporter, system Xc- (type I) or directly binding and loss of activity of GPx4 (Type II) in cancer cells with high level RAS-RAF-MEK pathway activity or p53 expression, but not in normal cells. Ferroptosis by Erastin (Type I) and RSL3 (RAS-selective lethal 3, Type II) treatment was suppressed by an iron chelator, vitamin E and Ferrostatin-1, antioxidant compound. GPx4 can regulate ferroptosis by suppression of phospholipid peroxidation in erastin and RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Recent works have identified several regulatory factors of erastin and RSL3-induced ferroptosis. In our established GPx4-deficient MEF cells, depletion of GPx4 induce iron and 15LOX-independent lipid peroxidation at 26 h and caspase-independent cell death at 72 h, whereas erastin and RSL3 treatment resulted in iron-dependent ferroptosis by 12 h. These results indicated the possibility that the mechanism of GPx4-depleted cell death might be different from that of ferroptosis induced by erastin and RSL3.
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Abstract
Selenium is a micronutrient essential to human health and has long been associated with cancer prevention. Functionally, these effects are thought to be mediated by a class of selenium-containing proteins known as selenoproteins. Indeed, many selenoproteins have antioxidant activity which can attenuate cancer development by minimizing oxidative insult and resultant DNA damage. However, oxidative stress is increasingly being recognized for its "double-edged sword" effect in tumorigenesis, whereby it can mediate both negative and positive effects on tumor growth depending on the cellular context. In addition to their roles in redox homeostasis, recent work has also implicated selenoproteins in key oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways. Together, these data suggest that the overall contribution of selenoproteins to tumorigenesis is complicated and may be affected by a variety of factors. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about selenoproteins in tumorigenesis with a focus on their contextual roles in cancer development, growth, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Short
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley HealthCare System, Nashville, TN, United States.
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49
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Janowski R, Scanu S, Niessing D, Madl T. Crystal and solution structural studies of mouse phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase 4. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:743-749. [PMID: 27710939 PMCID: PMC5053159 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16013686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family is a key component of the cellular antioxidative defence system. Within this family, GPx4 has unique features as it accepts a large class of hydroperoxy lipid substrates and has a plethora of biological functions, including sperm maturation, regulation of apoptosis and cerebral embryogenesis. In this paper, the structure of the cytoplasmic isoform of mouse phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (O70325-2 GPx4) with selenocysteine 46 mutated to cysteine is reported solved at 1.8 Å resolution using X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, solution data of an isotope-labelled GPx protein are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Janowski
- Group Intracellular Transport and RNA Biology, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Scanu
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dierk Niessing
- Group Intracellular Transport and RNA Biology, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology at the Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Madl
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
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50
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Carlson BA, Tobe R, Yefremova E, Tsuji PA, Hoffmann VJ, Schweizer U, Gladyshev VN, Hatfield DL, Conrad M. Glutathione peroxidase 4 and vitamin E cooperatively prevent hepatocellular degeneration. Redox Biol 2016; 9:22-31. [PMID: 27262435 PMCID: PMC4900515 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) is an essential mammalian glutathione peroxidase, which protects cells against detrimental lipid peroxidation and governs a novel form of regulated necrotic cell death, called ferroptosis. To study the relevance of Gpx4 and of another vitally important selenoprotein, cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (Txnrd1), for liver function, mice with conditional deletion of Gpx4 in hepatocytes were studied, along with those lacking Txnrd1 and selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA (Trsp) in hepatocytes. Unlike Txnrd1- and Trsp-deficient mice, Gpx4−/− mice died shortly after birth and presented extensive hepatocyte degeneration. Similar to Txnrd1-deficient livers, Gpx4−/− livers manifested upregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived)-like 2 (Nrf2) response genes. Remarkably, Gpx4−/− pups born from mothers fed a vitamin E-enriched diet survived, yet this protection was reversible as subsequent vitamin E deprivation caused death of Gpx4-deficient mice ~4 weeks thereafter. Abrogation of selenoprotein expression in Gpx4−/− mice did not result in viable mice, indicating that the combined deficiency aggravated the loss of Gpx4 in liver. By contrast, combined Trsp/Txnrd1-deficient mice were born, but had significantly shorter lifespans than either single knockout, suggesting that Txnrd1 plays an important role in supporting liver function of mice lacking Trsp. In sum our study demonstrates that the ferroptosis regulator Gpx4 is critical for hepatocyte survival and proper liver function, and that vitamin E can compensate for its loss by protecting cells against deleterious lipid peroxidation. Conditional Gpx4 loss causes hepatocellular degeneration and early death of mice. Dietary vitamin E supplementation rescues death of liver-specific Gpx4 null mice. Nutritional vitamin E content in diet may severely impact experimental outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ryuta Tobe
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elena Yefremova
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute for Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Petra A Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Victoria J Hoffmann
- Office of the Director Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Schweizer
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dolph L Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute for Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany.
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