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Martinez Bravo G, Annarapu G, Carmona E, Nawarskas J, Clark R, Novelli E, Mota Alvidrez RI. Platelets in thrombosis and atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00209-8. [PMID: 38885926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the dual role of platelets in atherosclerosis and thrombosis, exploring their involvement in inflammation, angiogenesis, and plaque formation, as well as their hemostatic and prothrombotic functions. Beyond their thrombotic functions, platelets engage in complex interactions with diverse cell types, influencing disease resolution and progression. The contribution of platelet degranulation helps in the formation of atheromatous plaque, while the reciprocal interaction with monocytes adds complexity. Alterations in platelet membrane receptors and signaling cascades contribute to advanced atherosclerosis, culminating in atherothrombotic events. Understanding these multifaceted roles of platelets will lead to the development of targeted antiplatelet strategies for effective cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. Understanding platelet functions in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis at different stages of disease will be critical for designing targeted treatments and medications to prevent or cure the disease Through this understanding, platelets can be targeted at specific times in the atherosclerosis process, possibly preventing the development of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gowtham Annarapu
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Emely Carmona
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - James Nawarskas
- Pharmaceutical Sciences-Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131
| | - Ross Clark
- Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131; Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131
| | - Enrico Novelli
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Roberto Ivan Mota Alvidrez
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131; Pharmaceutical Sciences-Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131; Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131.
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Nepon H, Julien C, Petrecca S, Kalashnikov N, Safran T, Murphy A, Dionisopoulos T, Davison P, Vorstenbosch J. The cellular and molecular properties of capsule surrounding silicone implants in humans vary uniquely according to the tissue type adjacent to the implant. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 38864257 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The foreign body reaction (FBR) to biomaterials results in fibrous encapsulation. Excessive capsule fibrosis (capsular contracture) is a major challenge to the long-term stability of implants. Clinical data suggests that the tissue type in contact with silicone breast implants alters susceptibility to developing capsular contracture; however, the tissue-specific inflammatory and fibrotic characteristics of capsule have not been well characterized at the cellular and molecular level. In this study, 60 breast implant capsule samples are collected from patients and stratified by the adjacent tissue type including subcutaneous tissue, glandular breast tissue, or muscle tissue. Capsule thickness, collagen organization, immune and fibrotic cellular populations, and expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers is quantified with histological staining, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR. The findings suggest there are significant differences in M1-like macrophages, CD4+ T cells, CD26+ fibroblasts, and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, and collagen type 1 depending on the tissue type abutting the implant. Subglandular breast implant capsule displays a significant increase in inflammatory and fibrotic markers. These findings suggest that the tissue microenvironment contributes uniquely to the FBR. This data could provide new avenues for research and clinical applications to improve the site-specific biocompatibility and longevity of implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Nepon
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cedric Julien
- McGill University Hospital Centre Research Institute, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Petrecca
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nikita Kalashnikov
- Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tyler Safran
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Murphy
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tassos Dionisopoulos
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Davison
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joshua Vorstenbosch
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Hospital Centre Research Institute, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
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Sahadevan P, Dingar D, Nawaito SA, Nair RS, Trépanier J, Sahmi F, Shi Y, Gillis MA, Sirois MG, Meloche S, Tardif JC, Allen BG. ERK3 is involved in regulating cardiac fibroblast function. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16108. [PMID: 38872461 PMCID: PMC11176743 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
ERK3/MAPK6 activates MAP kinase-activated protein kinase (MK)-5 in selected cell types. Male MK5 haplodeficient mice show reduced hypertrophy and attenuated increase in Col1a1 mRNA in response to increased cardiac afterload. In addition, MK5 deficiency impairs cardiac fibroblast function. This study determined the effect of reduced ERK3 on cardiac hypertrophy following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and fibroblast biology in male mice. Three weeks post-surgery, ERK3, but not ERK4 or p38α, co-immunoprecipitated with MK5 from both sham and TAC heart lysates. The increase in left ventricular mass and myocyte diameter was lower in TAC-ERK3+/- than TAC-ERK3+/+ hearts, whereas ERK3 haploinsufficiency did not alter systolic or diastolic function. Furthermore, the TAC-induced increase in Col1a1 mRNA abundance was diminished in ERK3+/- hearts. ERK3 immunoreactivity was detected in atrial and ventricular fibroblasts but not myocytes. In both quiescent fibroblasts and "activated" myofibroblasts isolated from adult mouse heart, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ERK3 reduced the TGF-β-induced increase in Col1a1 mRNA. In addition, intracellular type 1 collagen immunoreactivity was reduced following ERK3 depletion in quiescent fibroblasts but not myofibroblasts. Finally, knocking down ERK3 impaired motility in both atrial and ventricular myofibroblasts. These results suggest that ERK3 plays an important role in multiple aspects of cardiac fibroblast biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sahadevan
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dharmendra Dingar
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sherin A Nawaito
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Reshma S Nair
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joëlle Trépanier
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fatiha Sahmi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Martin G Sirois
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Meloche
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Na J, Engwerda C. The role of CD4 + T cells in visceral leishmaniasis; new and emerging roles for NKG7 and TGFβ. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1414493. [PMID: 38881737 PMCID: PMC11176485 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1414493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a potentially devastating neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and L. infantum (chagasi). These parasites reside in tissue macrophages and survive by deploying a number of mechanisms aimed at subverting the host immune response. CD4+ T cells play an important role in controlling Leishmania parasites by providing help in the form of pro-inflammatory cytokines to activate microbiocidal pathways in infected macrophages. However, because these cytokines can also cause tissue damage if over-produced, regulatory immune responses develop, and the balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory CD4+ T cells responses determines the outcomes of infection. Past studies have identified important roles for pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ and TNF, as well as regulatory co-inhibitory receptors and the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. More recently, other immunoregulatory molecules have been identified that play important roles in CD4+ T cell responses during VL. In this review, we will discuss recent findings about two of these molecules; the NK cell granule protein Nkg7 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGFβ, and describe how they impact CD4+ T cell functions and immune responses during visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Na
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Razazi A, Kakanezhadi A, Raisi A, Pedram B, Dezfoulian O, Davoodi F. D-limonene inhibits peritoneal adhesion formation in rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antioxidative effects. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1077-1089. [PMID: 38308792 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of D-limonene on decreasing post-operative adhesion in rats and to understand the mechanisms involved. Peritoneal adhesions were induced by creating different incisions and excising a 1 × 1 cm section of the peritoneum. The experimental groups included a sham group, a control group in which peritoneal adhesions were induced without any treatment, and two treatment groups in which animals received D-limonene with dosages of 25 and 50 mg/kg after inducing peritoneal adhesions. Macroscopic examination of adhesions showed that both treatment groups had reduced adhesion bands in comparison to the control group. Immunohistochemical assessment of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and VEGF on day 14 revealed a significant increment in the level of immunopositive cells for the mentioned markers in the control group, whereas administration of limonene in both doses significantly reduced levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and VEGF (P < 0.05). Induction of peritoneal adhesions in the control group significantly increased TGF-β1, TNF-α, and VEGF on days 3 and 14 in western blot evaluation, while treatment with limonene significantly reduced TNF-α level on day 14 (P < 0.05). Moreover, VEGF levels in both treatment groups significantly reduced on days 3 and 14. In the control group, a significant increment in the levels of MDA and NO and a notable decline in the levels of GPX, CAT was observed (P < 0.05). Limonene 50 group significantly reduced MDA level and increased GPx and CAT levels on day 14 (P < 0.05). In summary, D-limonene reduced adhesion bands, inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Razazi
- Department of Veterinary, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Ali Kakanezhadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abbas Raisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Behnam Pedram
- Department of Veterinary, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Omid Dezfoulian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Farshid Davoodi
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Radtke AJ, Postovalova E, Varlamova A, Bagaev A, Sorokina M, Kudryashova O, Meerson M, Polyakova M, Galkin I, Svekolkin V, Isaev S, Wiebe D, Sharun A, Sarachakov A, Perelman G, Lozinsky Y, Yaniv Z, Lowekamp BC, Speranza E, Yao L, Pittaluga S, Shaffer AL, Jonigk D, Phelan JD, Davies-Hill T, Huang DW, Ovcharov P, Nomie K, Nuzhdina E, Kotlov N, Ataullakhanov R, Fowler N, Kelly M, Muppidi J, Davis JL, Hernandez JM, Wilson WH, Jaffe ES, Staudt LM, Roschewski M, Germain RN. Multi-omic profiling of follicular lymphoma reveals changes in tissue architecture and enhanced stromal remodeling in high-risk patients. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:444-463.e10. [PMID: 38428410 PMCID: PMC10966827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a generally incurable malignancy that evolves from developmentally blocked germinal center (GC) B cells. To promote survival and immune escape, tumor B cells undergo significant genetic changes and extensively remodel the lymphoid microenvironment. Dynamic interactions between tumor B cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) are hypothesized to contribute to the broad spectrum of clinical behaviors observed among FL patients. Despite the urgent need, existing clinical tools do not reliably predict disease behavior. Using a multi-modal strategy, we examined cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors governing progression and therapeutic outcomes in FL patients enrolled onto a prospective clinical trial. By leveraging the strengths of each platform, we identify several tumor-specific features and microenvironmental patterns enriched in individuals who experience early relapse, the most high-risk FL patients. These features include stromal desmoplasia and changes to the follicular growth pattern present 20 months before first progression and first relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Radtke
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziv Yaniv
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bradley C Lowekamp
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Speranza
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Li Yao Visuals, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
| | | | - Arthur L Shaffer
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Tumor Targeted Delivery, Heme Malignancy Target Discovery Group, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Aachen Medical University, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - James D Phelan
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Da Wei Huang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Kelly
- CCR Single Analysis Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jagan Muppidi
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeremy L Davis
- Surgical Oncology Program, Metastasis Biology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan M Hernandez
- Surgical Oncology Program, Metastasis Biology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Elaine S Jaffe
- Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Roschewski
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ajeel NA, Diab BS. Dental caries as a health risk for visual acuity in relation to salivary transforming growth factor beta-1 among students aged 8-10 years: A cross-sectional study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2024; 14:144-151. [PMID: 38827353 PMCID: PMC11141898 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_205_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries and an impairment in visual acuity (VA) may both be caused by a variety of risk factors. Various conditions of the eye can appear as a consequence of overall inflammation and active dental caries. Aim The present study aims to assess dental caries and salivary status by measuring the transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and flow rate between visually impaired students compared with students with normal vision. Materials and Methods Research was performed employing a cross-sectional comparative study design conducted among representative 653 students aged 8-10 years at primary schools in Al-Diwaniyah governorate using the Snellen E chart for measuring VA status. Partitioning the students according to the degree of VA into normal students with normal VA of 6/9 or better and students with visual impairment of 6/12 or worse was done. Sub-sample of 180 students was recruited randomly from both groups, age and gender-matched participants for salivary analysis, and dental caries assessment measured by decay, missed, filled index, according to the World Health Organization in 2013. Results Out of 653 students, only 70 students suffer from a decrease in VA. Dental caries was more prevalent in those who had a decrease in VA compared with normal groups. For primary teeth decay, missed, filled teeth index (DMFT/dmft), the result was not significant but highly significant for DMFT/dmft. A significant decrease in salivary flow rate and increased salivary TGF-β1 level among visually impaired students was found. Conclusions According to the current research, the study population that has impaired VA, dental health status has greatly deteriorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Adil Ajeel
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq
| | - Ban Sahib Diab
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq
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Zhao R, Dong J, Liu C, Li M, Tan R, Fei C, Chen Y, Yang X, Shi J, Xu J, Wang L, Li P, Zhang Z. Thrombospondin-1 promotes mechanical stress-mediated ligamentum flavum hypertrophy through the TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Matrix Biol 2024; 127:8-22. [PMID: 38281553 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Lumbar spinal canal stenosis is primarily caused by ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH), which is a significant pathological factor. Nevertheless, the precise molecular basis for the development of LFH remains uncertain. The current investigation observed a notable increase in thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) expression in LFH through proteomics analysis and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of clinical ligamentum flavum specimens. In laboratory experiments, it was demonstrated that THBS1 triggered the activation of Smad3 signaling induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), leading to the subsequent enhancement of COL1A2 and α-SMA, which are fibrosis markers. Furthermore, experiments conducted on a bipedal standing mouse model revealed that THBS1 played a crucial role in the development of LFH. Sestrin2 (SESN2) acted as a stress-responsive protein that suppressed the expression of THBS1, thus averting the progression of fibrosis in ligamentum flavum (LF) cells. To summarize, these results indicate that mechanical overloading causes an increase in THBS1 production, which triggers the TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway and ultimately results in the development of LFH. Targeting the suppression of THBS1 expression may present a novel approach for the treatment of LFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhao
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiale Dong
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Mingheng Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ruiqian Tan
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chengshuo Fei
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Guo W, Liu H, Yan Y, Wu D, Yao H, Lin K, Li X. Targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway: an updated patent review (2021-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:99-126. [PMID: 38648107 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2346325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The TGF-β signaling pathway is a complex network that plays a crucial role in regulating essential biological functions and is implicated in the onset and progression of multiple diseases. This review highlights the recent advancements in developing inhibitors targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway and their potential therapeutic applications in various diseases. AREA COVERED The review discusses patents on active molecules related to the TGF-β signaling pathway, focusing on three strategies: TGF-β activity inhibition, blocking TGF-β receptor binding, and disruption of the signaling pathway using small molecule inhibitors. Combination therapies and the development of fusion proteins targeting multiple pathways are also explored. The literature search was conducted using the Cortellis Drug Discovery Intelligence database, covering patents from 2021 onwards. EXPERT OPINION The development of drugs targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway has made significant progress in recent years. However, addressing challenges such as specificity, systemic toxicity, and patient selection is crucial for their successful clinical application. Targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway holds promise as a promising approach for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hequan Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kejiang Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Dash SR, Das C, Das B, Jena AB, Paul S, Sinha S, Tripathy J, Kundu CN. Near infrared-responsive quinacrine-gold hybrid nanoparticles deregulate HSP-70/P300-mediated H3K14 acetylation in ER/PR+ breast cancer stem cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:581-596. [PMID: 38293827 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine if quinacrine-gold hybrid nanoparticles (QAuNPs) + near-infrared (NIR) deregulate HSP-70/P300 complex-mediated H3K14 acetylation in estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR+) breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). Materials & methods: Various cells and mouse-based systems were used as models. Results: QAuNP + NIR treatment reduced the nuclear translocation of HSP-70, affected the histone acetyltransferase activity of P300 and specifically decreased H3K14 acetylation in ER/PR+ breast CSCs. Finally, HSP-70 knockdown showed a reduction in P300 histone acetyltransferase activity, decreased H3K14 acetylation and inhibited activation of the TGF-β gene. Conclusion: This study revealed that QAuNP + NIR irradiation inhibits oncogenic activation of the TGF-β gene by decreasing H3K14 acetylation mediated through the HSP-70/P300 nuclear complex in ER/PR+ breast CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Ranjan Dash
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Chinmay Das
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Atala Bihari Jena
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Subarno Paul
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Jasaswini Tripathy
- School of Applied Sciences (Chemistry), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
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11
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Chia ZJ, Cao YN, Little PJ, Kamato D. Transforming growth factor-β receptors: versatile mechanisms of ligand activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01235-6. [PMID: 38351317 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is initiated by activation of transmembrane TGF-β receptors (TGFBR), which deploys Smad2/3 transcription factors to control cellular responses. Failure or dysregulation in the TGF-β signaling pathways leads to pathological conditions. TGF-β signaling is regulated at different levels along the pathways and begins with the liberation of TGF-β ligand from its latent form. The mechanisms of TGFBR activation display selectivity to cell types, agonists, and TGF-β isoforms, enabling precise control of TGF-β signals. In addition, the cell surface compartments used to release active TGF-β are surprisingly vibrant, using thrombospondins, integrins, matrix metalloproteinases and reactive oxygen species. The scope of TGFBR activation is further unfolded with the discovery of TGFBR activation initiated by other signaling pathways. The unique combination of mechanisms works in series to trigger TGFBR activation, which can be explored as therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the diverse mechanisms underpinning TGFBR activation, shedding light on potential avenues for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jie Chia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Discovery Biology, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Ying-Nan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Discovery Biology, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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12
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Andersson LI, Sjöström DJ, Quach HQ, Hägerström K, Hurler L, Kajdácsi E, Cervenak L, Prohászka Z, Toonen EJM, Mohlin C, Mollnes TE, Sandgren P, Tjernberg I, Nilsson PH. Storage of Transfusion Platelet Concentrates Is Associated with Complement Activation and Reduced Ability of Platelets to Respond to Protease-Activated Receptor-1 and Thromboxane A2 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1091. [PMID: 38256162 PMCID: PMC10816124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation and the complement system are mutually dependent. Here, we investigated the effects of storage time on complement activation and platelet function in routinely produced platelet concentrates. The platelet concentrates (n = 10) were stored at 22 °C for seven days and assessed daily for complement and platelet activation markers. Additionally, platelet function was analyzed in terms of their responsiveness to protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) and thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2R) activation and their capacity to adhere to collagen. Complement activation increased over the storage period for all analyzed markers, including the C1rs/C1-INH complex (fold change (FC) = 1.9; p < 0.001), MASP-1/C1-INH complex (FC = 2.0; p < 0.001), C4c (FC = 1.8, p < 0.001), C3bc (FC = 4.0; p < 0.01), and soluble C5b-9 (FC = 1.7, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the levels of soluble platelet activation markers increased in the concentrates over the seven-day period, including neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (FC = 2.5; p < 0.0001), transforming growth factor beta 1 (FC = 1.9; p < 0.001) and platelet factor 4 (FC = 2.1; p < 0.0001). The ability of platelets to respond to activation, as measured by surface expression of CD62P and CD63, decreased by 19% and 24% (p < 0.05) for PAR-1 and 69-72% (p < 0.05) for TXA2R activation, respectively, on Day 7 compared to Day 1. The extent of platelet binding to collagen was not significantly impaired during storage. In conclusion, we demonstrated that complement activation increased during the storage of platelets, and this correlated with increased platelet activation and a reduced ability of the platelets to respond to, primarily, TXA2R activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea I. Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden; (L.I.A.); (D.J.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Dick J. Sjöström
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden; (L.I.A.); (D.J.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Huy Quang Quach
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Kim Hägerström
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Region Kalmar County, 391 85 Kalmar, Sweden; (K.H.); (I.T.)
| | - Lisa Hurler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (E.K.); (L.C.); (Z.P.)
| | - Erika Kajdácsi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (E.K.); (L.C.); (Z.P.)
| | - László Cervenak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (E.K.); (L.C.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (E.K.); (L.C.); (Z.P.)
| | | | - Camilla Mohlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden; (L.I.A.); (D.J.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8005 Bodo, Norway
| | - Per Sandgren
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Ivar Tjernberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Region Kalmar County, 391 85 Kalmar, Sweden; (K.H.); (I.T.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per H. Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden; (L.I.A.); (D.J.S.); (C.M.)
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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13
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Nelson PA, George T, Bowen E, Sheean AJ, Bedi A. An Update on Orthobiologics: Cautious Optimism. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:242-257. [PMID: 38164688 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231192473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Orthobiologics are rapidly growing in use given their potential to augment healing for multiple musculoskeletal conditions. Orthobiologics consist of a variety of treatments including platelet-rich plasma and stem cells that provide conceptual appeal in providing local delivery of growth factors and inflammation modulation. The lack of standardization in nomenclature and applications within the literature has led to a paucity of high-quality evidence to support their frequent use. The purpose of this review was to describe the current landscape of orthobiologics and the most recent evidence regarding their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Nelson
- University of Chicago Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tom George
- Northshore University Healthcare System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward Bowen
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Andrew J Sheean
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Asheesh Bedi
- Northshore University Healthcare System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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14
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Ahmedna T, Khela H, Weber-Levine C, Azad TD, Jackson CM, Gabrielson K, Bettegowda C, Rincon-Torroella J. The Role of γδ T-Lymphocytes in Glioblastoma: Current Trends and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5784. [PMID: 38136330 PMCID: PMC10741533 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) encounters major challenges due to the infiltration-resistant and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). γδ T cells, unconventional T cells expressing the characteristic γδ T cell receptor, have demonstrated promise in overcoming these challenges, suggesting great immunotherapeutic potential. This review presents the role of γδ T cells in GBM and proposes several research avenues for future studies. Using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and JSTOR databases, we performed a review of the literature studying the biology of γδ T cells and their role in GBM treatment. We identified 15 studies focused on γδ T cells in human GBM. Infiltrative γδ T cells can incite antitumor immune responses in certain TMEs, though rapid tumor progression and TME hypoxia may impact the extent of tumor suppression. In the studies, available findings have shown both the potential for robust antitumor activity and the risk of protumor activity. While γδ T cells have potential as a therapeutic agent against GBM, the technical challenges of extracting, isolating, and expanding γδ T cells, and the activation of antitumoral versus protumoral cascades, remain barriers to their application. Overcoming these limitations may transform γδ T cells into a promising immunotherapy in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Ahmedna
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Harmon Khela
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Public Health Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Carly Weber-Levine
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tej D. Azad
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Christopher M. Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kathleen Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jordina Rincon-Torroella
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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15
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Samantasinghar A, Ahmed F, Rahim CSA, Kim KH, Kim S, Choi KH. Artificial intelligence-assisted repurposing of lubiprostone alleviates tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Transl Res 2023; 262:75-88. [PMID: 37541485 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is the most prominent cause which leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal failure. Despite extensive research, there have been many clinical trial failures, and there is currently no effective treatment to cure renal fibrosis. This demonstrates the necessity of more effective therapies and better preclinical models to screen potential drugs for TIF. In this study, we investigated the antifibrotic effect of the machine learning-based repurposed drug, lubiprostone, validated through an advanced proximal tubule on a chip system and in vivo UUO mice model. Lubiprostone significantly downregulated TIF biomarkers including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), extracellular matrix deposition (Fibronectin and collagen), transforming growth factor (TGF-β) downstream signaling markers especially, Smad-2/3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2/9), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), EMT and JAK/STAT-3 pathway expression in the proximal tubule on a chip model and UUO model compared to the conventional 2D culture. These findings suggest that the proximal tubule on a chip model is a more physiologically relevant model for studying and identifying potential biomarkers for fibrosis compared to conventional in vitro 2D culture and alternative of an animal model. In conclusion, the high throughput Proximal tubule-on-chip system shows improved in vivo-like function and indicates the potential utility for renal fibrosis drug screening. Additionally, repurposed Lubiprostone shows an effective potency to treat TIF via inhibiting 3 major profibrotic signaling pathways such as TGFβ/Smad, JAK/STAT, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and restores kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faheem Ahmed
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Dave S, Patel BM. Deliberation on debilitating condition of cancer cachexia: Skeletal muscle wasting. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:1079-1091. [PMID: 37474262 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a debilitating syndrome associated with marked body loss because of muscular atrophy and fat loss. There are several mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of cachexia. The presence of the tumor releases cytokines from inflammatory and immune cells, which play a significant role in activating and deactivating certain pathways associated with protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. This review focuses on various cascades involving an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation in the skeletal muscles. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle wasting phenomenon over the last few years. METHODS This article briefly overviews different pathways responsible for muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. Studies published up to April 2023 were included. Important findings and study contributions were chosen and compiled using several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ClinicalTrials.gov using relevant keywords. RESULTS Cancer cachexia is a complex disease involving multiple factors resulting in atrophy of skeletal muscles. Systemic inflammation, altered energy balance and carbohydrate metabolism, altered lipid and protein metabolism, and adipose tissue browning are some of the major culprits in cancer cachexia. Increased protein degradation and decreased protein synthesis lead to muscle atrophy. Changes in signaling pathway like ubiquitin-proteasome, autophagy, mTOR, AMPK, and IGF-1 also lead to muscle wasting. Physical exercise, nutritional supplementation, steroids, myostatin inhibitors, and interventions targeting on inflammation have been investigated to treat cancer cachexia. Some therapy showed positive results in preclinical and clinical settings, although more research on the efficacy and safety of the treatment should be done. CONCLUSION Muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia is the result of multiple complex mechanisms; as a result, a lot more research has been done to describe the pathophysiology of the disease. Targeted therapy and multimodal interventions can improve clinical outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srusti Dave
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- School of Medico-legal Studies, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, India
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17
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Yurashevich M, Cooter Wright M, Sims SC, Tan HS, Berger M, Ji RR, Habib AS. Inflammatory changes in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with persistent pain and postpartum depression after elective Cesarean delivery: an exploratory prospective cohort study. Can J Anaesth 2023; 70:1917-1927. [PMID: 37932648 PMCID: PMC10842683 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-023-02603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe acute pain after Cesarean delivery increases the risk of developing persistent pain (~20% incidence) and postpartum depression (PPD) (~15% incidence). Both conditions contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality, yet early risk stratification remains challenging. Neuroinflammation has emerged as a key mechanism of persistent pain and depression in nonobstetric populations. Nevertheless, most studies focus on plasma cytokines, and the relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels is unclear. Our primary aim was to compare inflammatory marker levels between patients who developed the composite outcome of persistent pain and/or PPD vs those who did not. METHODS We recruited term patients with singleton pregnancies undergoing elective Cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia into an exploratory prospective cohort study. We collected baseline demographic, obstetric, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale information, and performed quantitative sensory tests. Plasma was collected preoperatively and 48 hr postoperatively. In the operating room, 10 mL of CSF was collected, followed by a standardized anesthetic. Intra- and postoperative management were according to standard practice. We obtained Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and pain scores at six weeks and three months after delivery. The primary outcome was persistent pain and/or PPD at three months. We analyzed the difference in inflammatory marker levels between the groups (primary aim) using two-sided Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS Eighty participants were enrolled, and 63 patients completed the study; 23 (37%) experienced the primary outcome at three months. Preoperative plasma transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration was higher in patients who developed the primary outcome compared with those who did not (median [interquartile range (IQR)], 2,879 [2,241-5,494] vs 2,292 [1,676-2,960] pg·mL-1; P = 0.04), while CSF IL-1β concentration was higher in patients who developed the primary outcome than in those who did not (median [IQR], 0.36 [0.29-0.39] vs 0.30 [0.25-0.35] pg·mL-1; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We observed differential levels of plasma and CSF inflammatory biomarkers in patients who developed persistent pain and PPD compared with those who did not. We showed the feasibility of collecting plasma and CSF samples at Cesarean delivery, which may prove useful for future risk-stratification. STUDY REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04271072); registered 17 February 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Yurashevich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary Cooter Wright
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sierra C Sims
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hon Sen Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Miles Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashraf S Habib
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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18
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Wen J, Liu G, Liu M, Wang H, Wan Y, Yao Z, Gao N, Sun Y, Zhu L. Transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2467-2484. [PMID: 38179789 PMCID: PMC10802212 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2293595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy (referred to as cardiac hypertrophy) is a maladaptive response of the heart to a variety of pathological stimuli, and cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for heart failure and sudden death. Currently, the treatments for cardiac hypertrophy are limited to improving symptoms and have little effect. Elucidation of the developmental process of cardiac hypertrophy at the molecular level and the identification of new targets for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy are crucial. In this review, we summarize the research on multiple active substances related to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and the signaling pathways involved and focus on the role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and the identification of potential targets for molecular intervention. We aim to identify important signaling molecules with clinical value and hope to help promote the precise treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and thus improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guixiang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Department of Lung Function, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huarui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunyan Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhouhong Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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19
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Dorkhani E, Darzi B, Foroutani L, Ebrahim Soltani Z, Ahmadi Tafti SM. Characterization and in vivo evaluation of a fabricated absorbable poly(vinyl alcohol)-based hernia mesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22279. [PMID: 38045132 PMCID: PMC10689958 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The most widely taken medical approach toward hernia repair involves the implementation of a prosthetic mesh to cover the herniated site and reinforce the weakened area of the abdominal wall. Biodegradable meshes can serve as biocompatible grafts with a low risk of infection. However, their major complication is associated with a high rate of degradation and hernia recurrence. We proposed a facile and cost-effective method to fabricate a poly(vinyl alcohol)-based mesh, using the solution casting technique. The inclusion of zinc oxide nanoparticles, citric acid, and three cycles of freeze-thaw were intended to ameliorate the mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol). Several characterization, cell culture, and animal studies were conducted. Swelling and water contact angle measurements confirmed good water uptake capacity and wetting behavior of the final mesh sample. The synthesized mesh acquired a high mechanical strength of 52.8 MPa, and its weight loss was decreased to 39 %. No cytotoxicity was found in all samples. In vivo experiments revealed that less adhesion and granuloma formation, greater tissue integration, and notably higher neovascularization rate were resulted from implanting this fabricated hernia mesh, compared to commercial Prolene® mesh. Furthermore, the amount of collagen deposition and influential growth factors were enhanced when rats were treated with the proposed mesh instead of Prolene®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Dorkhani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Bahareh Darzi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Laleh Foroutani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran
- Colorectal Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahim Soltani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran
- Colorectal Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
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20
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Heregger R, Huemer F, Steiner M, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Greil R, Weiss L. Unraveling Resistance to Immunotherapy in MSI-High Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5090. [PMID: 37894457 PMCID: PMC10605634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Incidences of early CRC cases are increasing annually in high-income countries, necessitating effective treatment strategies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown significant clinical efficacy in various cancers, including CRC. However, their effectiveness in CRC is limited to patients with mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) disease, which accounts for about 15% of all localized CRC cases and only 3% to 5% of metastatic CRC cases. However, the varied response among patients, with some showing resistance or primary tumor progression, highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Elements involved in shaping the response to ICIs, such as tumor microenvironment, immune cells, genetic changes, and the influence of gut microbiota, are not fully understood thus far. This review aims to explore potential resistance or immune-evasion mechanisms to ICIs in dMMR/MSI-H CRC and the cell types involved, as well as possible pitfalls in the diagnosis of this particular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Heregger
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials (CCCIT), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (F.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Florian Huemer
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials (CCCIT), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (F.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Markus Steiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials (CCCIT), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (F.H.); (M.S.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alejandra Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials (CCCIT), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (F.H.); (M.S.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials (CCCIT), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (F.H.); (M.S.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukas Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials (CCCIT), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (F.H.); (M.S.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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21
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Hosseini R, Hosseinzadeh N, Asef-Kabiri L, Akbari A, Ghezelbash B, Sarvnaz H, Akbari ME. Small extracellular vesicle TGF-β in cancer progression and immune evasion. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1309-1322. [PMID: 37344681 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a well-known cytokine that controls various processes in normal physiology and disease context. Strong preclinical and clinical literature supports the crucial roles of the TGF-β in several aspects of cancer biology. Recently emerging evidence reveals that the release of TGF-β from tumor/immune/stromal cells in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) plays an important part in tumor development and immune evasion. Hence, this review aims to address the packaging, release, and signaling pathways of TGF-β carried in sEVs (sEV-TGF-β) in cancer, and to explore its underpinning roles in tumor development, growth, progression, metastasis, etc. We also highlight key progresses in deciphering the roles of sEV-TGF-β in subverting anti-tumor immune responses. The paper ends with a focus on the clinical significance of TGF-β carried in sEVs and draws attention to its diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hosseini
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nashmin Hosseinzadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Asef-Kabiri
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ghezelbash
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Sarvnaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Bariani MV, Cui YH, Ali M, Bai T, Grimm SL, Coarfa C, Walker CL, He YY, Yang Q, Al-Hendy A. TGFβ signaling links early life endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure to suppression of nucleotide excision repair in rat myometrial stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:288. [PMID: 37689587 PMCID: PMC10492698 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is linked to the development of uterine fibroids (UFs) in women. UFs, non-cancerous tumors, are thought to originate from abnormal myometrial stem cells (MMSCs). Defective DNA repair capacity may contribute to the emergence of mutations that promote tumor growth. The multifunctional cytokine TGFβ1 is associated with UF progression and DNA damage repair pathways. To investigate the impact of EDC exposure on TGFβ1 and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways, we isolated MMSCs from 5-month-old Eker rats exposed neonatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES), an EDC, or to vehicle (VEH). EDC-MMSCs exhibited overactivated TGFβ1 signaling and reduced mRNA and protein levels of NER pathway components compared to VEH-MMSCs. EDC-MMSCs also demonstrated impaired NER capacity. Exposing VEH-MMSCs to TGFβ1 decreased NER capacity while inhibiting TGFβ signaling in EDC-MMSCs restored it. RNA-seq analysis and further validation revealed decreased expression of Uvrag, a tumor suppressor gene involved in DNA damage recognition, in VEH-MMSCs treated with TGFβ1, but increased expression in EDC-MMSCs after TGFβ signaling inhibition. Overall, we demonstrated that the overactivation of the TGFβ pathway links early life exposure to EDCs with impaired NER capacity, which would lead to increased genetic instability, arise of mutations, and fibroid tumorigenesis. We demonstrated that the overactivation of the TGFβ pathway links early life exposure to EDCs with impaired NER capacity, which would lead to increased fibroid incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan-Hong Cui
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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Sinsomboon O, Kuendee N, Naladta A, Sriyakul K, Sukprasert S. Thai traditional massage modulates urinary MCP-1 and relevant inflammatory biomarkers in lower urinary tract symptom patients. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:521-529. [PMID: 37693101 PMCID: PMC10492154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia are a common complaint among elderly men worldwide. Our previous study reported alleviative efficacy of Thai traditional massage (TTM) on LUTS patients. However, underlying mechanism at cellular level remained elusive. Herein, we investigated the effect of TTM on urinary monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and associative inflammatory biomarkers. Forty-three patients were randomized into two groups: Tamsulosin (n = 23) and TTM (n = 20). The urinary MCP-1 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels as well as gene expression levels of MCP-1, Chemotactic protein receptor 2b (CCR2b), IFN-γ, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were evaluated before and after a four-week treatment. The urinary MCP-1 and IFN-γ levels as well as gene expression levels of MCP-1, CCR2b, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TGF-β1 were evaluated before and after treatment with Tamsulosin or TTM group. Urinary MCP-1 and IFN-γ levels and the expression levels of five genes from sedimented urine samples were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, respectively. We observed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the ratio of urinary MCP-1 and creatinine (Cr); MCP-1/Cr levels in subjects given only TTM. There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in IFN-γ/Cr levels in both groups. TTM group down-regulated the expression of IFN-γ whereas up-regulated IL-1β and TGF-β1 mRNA. Our findings suggested TTM had alleviative effects in LUTS patients, which were partially mediated by a reduction of urinary inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ongart Sinsomboon
- Graduate Program in Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasart University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Natthaporn Kuendee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi, 20110, Thailand
| | - Alisa Naladta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kusuma Sriyakul
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasart University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sophida Sukprasert
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasart University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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24
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Lam KH, Ma S. Noncellular components in the liver cancer stem cell niche: Biology and potential clinical implications. Hepatology 2023; 78:991-1005. [PMID: 35727189 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are now recognized as one of the major root causes of therapy failure and tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Early studies in the field focused primarily on the intrinsic regulators of CSC maintenance, but in recent years, mounting evidence has demonstrated the presence and role of extrinsic regulators in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the control of liver CSCs. In addition to direct interaction with cellular components, noncellular components, including the extracellular matrix, hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and secreted molecules within the tumor stroma and hepatitis viruses, also play a critical role in shaping the CSC niche. In this review, we highlight how various noncellular components in the TME play a role in regulating CSCs and how CSCs secrete components to interact with the TME to generate their own niche, working hand in hand to drive tumor physiology in HCC. In addition, we describe the potential clinical applications of these findings and propose perspectives on future research of noncellular components in the liver CSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Hei Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences , Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences , Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong
- The University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen Hospital , Hong Kong , Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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25
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Teworte S, Aleandri S, Weber JR, Carone M, Luciani P. Mucoadhesive 3D printed vaginal ovules to treat endometriosis and fibrotic uterine diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106501. [PMID: 37339708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Gynaecological health is a neglected field of research that includes conditions such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, infertility, viral and bacterial infections, and cancers. There is a clinical need to develop dosage forms for gynecological diseases that increase efficacy and reduce side effects and explore new materials with properties tailored to the vaginal mucosa and milieu. Here, we developed a 3D printed semisolid vaginal ovule containing pirfenidone, a repurposed drug candidate for endometriosis. Vaginal drug delivery allows direct targeting of the reproductive organs via the first uterine pass effect, but vaginal dosage forms can be challenging to self-administer and retain in situ for periods of more than 1-3 h. We show that a semisoft alginate-based vaginal suppository manufactured using semisolid extrusion additive manufacturing is superior to vaginal ovules made using standard excipients. The 3D-printed ovule showed a controlled release profile of pirfenidone in vitro in standard and biorelevant release tests, as well as better mucoadhesive properties ex vivo. An exposure time of 24 h of pirfenidone to a monolayer culture of an endometriotic epithelial cell line, 12Z, is necessary to reduce the cells' metabolic activity, which demonstrates the need for a sustained release formulation of pirfenidone. 3D printing allowed us to formulate mucoadhesive polymers into a semisolid ovule with controlled release of pirfenidone. This work enables further preclinical and clinical studies into vaginally administered pirfenidone to assess its efficacy as a repurposed endometriosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Teworte
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Simone Aleandri
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Jessica R Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Carone
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Paola Luciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
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26
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Park EJ, Yang MJ, Kang MS, Jo YM, Yoon C, Kim HB, Kim DW, Lee GH, Kwon IH, Park HJ, Kim JB. Subway station dust-induced pulmonary inflammation may be due to the dysfunction of alveolar macrophages: Possible contribution of bound elements. Toxicology 2023; 496:153618. [PMID: 37611816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
With its increasing value as a means of public transportation, the health effects of the air in subway stations have attracted public concern. In the current study, we investigated the pulmonary toxicity of dust collected from an air purifier installed on the platform of the busiest subway station in Seoul. We found that the dust contained various elements which are attributable to the facilities and equipment used to operate the subway system. Particularly, iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba), and molybdenum (Mo) levels were more notable in comparison with those in dust collected from the ventilation chamber of a subway station. To explore the health effects of inhaled dust, we first instilled via the trachea in ICR mice for 13 weeks. The total number of pulmonary macrophages increased significantly with the dose, accompanying hematological changes. Dust-laden alveolar macrophages and inflammatory cells accumulated in the perivascular regions in the lungs of the treated mice, and pulmonary levels of CXCL-1, TNF-α, and TGF-β increased clearly compared with the control. The CCR5 and CD54 level expressed on BAL cell membranes was also enhanced following exposure to dust, whereas the CXCR2 level tended to decrease in the same samples. In addition, we treated the dust to alveolar macrophages (known as dust cells), lysosomal and mitochondrial function decreased, accompanied by cell death, and NO production was rapidly elevated with concentration. Moreover, the expression of autophagy- (p62) and anti-oxidant (SOD-2)-related proteins increased, and the expression of inflammation-related genes was dramatically up-regulated in the dust-treated cells. Therefore, we suggest that dysfunction of alveolar macrophages may importantly contribute to dust-induced inflammatory responses and that the exposure concentrations of Cr, Fe, Mo, Zr, and Ba should be considered carefully when assessing the health risks associated with subway dust. We also hypothesize that the bound elements may contribute to dust-induced macrophage dysfunction by inhibiting viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- College of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Republic of Korea; Human Health and Environmental Toxins Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Jin Yang
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kang
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongup 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Jo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Global Campus, Kyung Hee University, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Ochang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Bin Kim
- College of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hee Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Kwon
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Park
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Bae Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung-Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Gumkowska-Sroka O, Kotyla K, Mojs E, Palka K, Kotyla P. Novel Therapeutic Strategies in the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1066. [PMID: 37630981 PMCID: PMC10458905 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease of unknown origin and with an unpredictable course, with both cutaneous and internal organ manifestations. Despite the enormous progress in rheumatology and clinical immunology, the background of this disease is largely unknown, and no specific therapy exists. The therapeutic approach aims to treat and preserve the function of internal organs, and this approach is commonly referred to as organ-based treatment. However, in modern times, data from other branches of medicine may offer insight into how to treat disease-related complications, making it possible to find new drugs to treat this disease. In this review, we present therapeutic options aiming to stop the progression of fibrotic processes, restore the aberrant immune response, stop improper signalling from proinflammatory cytokines, and halt the production of disease-related autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gumkowska-Sroka
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Voivodeship Hospital No. 5 in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- Department of Internal Medicine Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Kacper Kotyla
- Department of Internal Medicine Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Ewa Mojs
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Palka
- Department of Internal Medicine Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Przemysław Kotyla
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Voivodeship Hospital No. 5 in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- Department of Internal Medicine Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.)
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28
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Afonso AI, Amaro-Leal Â, Machado F, Rocha I, Geraldes V. Doxorubicin Dose-Dependent Impact on Physiological Balance-A Holistic Approach in a Rat Model. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1031. [PMID: 37508460 PMCID: PMC10376408 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is commonly used in several chemotherapies to treat various cancers, but it is known to cause cardiotoxicity and cardiac symptoms. Autonomic dysfunction is thought to contribute to the cardiotoxic effects of DOX, but the specific dose required to disrupt homeostatic processes is still unclear and is influenced by numerous factors. This study aimed to investigate how the DOX dosage affects autonomic function and physiological parameters, to elucidate the neurocardiac mechanisms underlying the observed cardiovascular side effects. Wistar rats were treated with DOX for four weeks and divided into three dosing groups: DOX8 (2 mg/kg/week), DOX16 (4 mg/kg/week), and DOX20 (5 mg/kg/week). A control group received NaCl 0.9% saline (1 mL/kg/week). In an acute experiment, we recorded blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram, heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RF). Baroreflex gain and chemoreflex sensitivity were calculated, and cardiac tissue was analyzed with picrosirius histochemistry to measure collagen content. Our results showed that the LF/HF ratio, indicative of autonomic activity, was altered along with hypotension and bradycardia at a cumulative DOX dose threshold of 16 mg/kg. We observed a positive correlation between DOX dose and BP, HR, urinary norepinephrine, LF/HF ratio, and fibrotic heart area. Lower LF/HF ratios were associated with high DOX doses, reflecting drug-induced impairment of autonomic control of HR. This study provides valuable insights into the dose-dependent effects of DOX on physiological parameters and the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. These findings are critical, which is important for optimizing the management and therapeutic strategies for patients undergoing DOX-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Afonso
- Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ângela Amaro-Leal
- Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filipa Machado
- Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Rocha
- Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Geraldes
- Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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29
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Brown S, Nores GDG, Sarker A, Ly C, Li C, Park HJ, Hespe GE, Gardenier J, Kuonqui K, Campbell A, Shin J, Kataru RP, Aras O, Mehrara BJ. Topical captopril: a promising treatment for secondary lymphedema. Transl Res 2023; 257:43-53. [PMID: 36736951 PMCID: PMC10192126 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-mediated tissue fibrosis is an important regulator of lymphatic dysfunction in secondary lymphedema. However, TGF-β1 targeting can cause toxicity and autoimmune complications, limiting clinical utility. Angiotensin II (Ang II) modulates intracellular TGF-β1 signaling, and inhibition of Ang II production using angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as captopril, has antifibrotic efficacy in some pathological settings. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of ACE and Ang II in clinical lymphedema biopsy specimens from patients with unilateral breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and mouse models, and found that cutaneous ACE expression is increased in lymphedematous tissues. Furthermore, topical captopril decreases fibrosis, activation of intracellular TGF-β1 signaling pathways, inflammation, and swelling in mouse models of lymphedema. Captopril treatment also improves lymphatic function and immune cell trafficking by increasing collecting lymphatic pumping. Our results show that the renin-angiotensin system in the skin plays an important role in the regulation of fibrosis in lymphedema, and inhibition of this signaling pathway may hold merit for treating lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stav Brown
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gabriela D G Nores
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ananta Sarker
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Catherine Ly
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Claire Li
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hyeung Ju Park
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Geoffrey E Hespe
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason Gardenier
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin Kuonqui
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adana Campbell
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jinyeon Shin
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Raghu P Kataru
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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30
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Kundel V, Cohen O, Khan S, Patel M, Kim-Schulze S, Kovacic J, Suárez-Fariñas M, Shah NA. Advanced Proteomics and Cluster Analysis for Identifying Novel Obstructive Sleep Apnea Subtypes before and after Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:1038-1047. [PMID: 36780659 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202210-897oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Studies have shown elevated inflammatory biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but data after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment are inconsistent. Objectives: We used the Olink proteomics panel to identify unique OSA clusters on the basis of inflammatory protein expression and assess the impact of CPAP therapy. Methods: Adults with newly diagnosed OSA had blood drawn at baseline and three to four months after CPAP. Samples were analyzed using the Olink proteomics platform, which measures 92 prespecified inflammatory proteins using proximity extension assay. Linear mixed-effects models were used to model changes in protein expression during the period of CPAP use, adjusting for batch, age, and sex. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed to identify unique inflammatory OSA clusters on the basis of inflammatory biomarkers. Within-cluster impact of CPAP on inflammatory protein expression was assessed. Results: Among 46 patients, the mean age was 46 ± 12 years (22% women), mean body mass index was 31 ± 5 kg/m2, and mean respiratory disturbance index was 33 ± 17 events/hour. Unsupervised cluster and heatmap analysis revealed three unique proteomic clusters, with low (n = 21), intermediate (n = 19), and high (n = 6) inflammatory protein expression. After CPAP, there were significant within-cluster differences in protein expression. The low inflammatory cluster had a significant increase in protein expression (16%; P = 0.02), and the high inflammatory cluster had a significant decrease in protein expression (-20%; P = 0.003), more significant among those compliant with CPAP in the low (25%; P = 0.04) and high (-22%; P = 0.01) clusters. Conclusions: We identified three unique inflammatory clusters in patients with OSA using plasma proteomics, with a differential response to CPAP by cluster. Our results are hypothesis generating and require further investigation in larger longitudinal studies for enhanced cardiovascular risk profiling in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oren Cohen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - Samira Khan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Hess Center for Science and Medicine
| | | | - Jason Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, and
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; and
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Neomi A Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
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Takizawa H, Araki Y, Fujishiro M, Tomita S, Kishikawa S, Hashizume A, Mitsumori T, Nitta H, Iizuka-Honma H, Sawada T, Okubo M, Sekiguchi Y, Ando M, Noguchi M. Role of TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha1 produced by neoplastic cells in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in patients with hematologic neoplasms. J Clin Exp Hematop 2023; 63:83-89. [PMID: 37121717 PMCID: PMC10410624 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted this study with the objective of elucidating the mechanism of development of fibrosis in hematologic neoplasms and develop treatments for these patients. Among the suggested mechanisms of development of fibrosis is cases of hematologic neoplasms is the production of TGF-beta1 (transforming growth factor-beta-1) and TNF-alpha1 (tumor necrotizing factor-alpha-1) by the tumor cells, both of which are fibrosis-stimulating cytokines that act on fibroblasts to promote fibrosis. However, there are few reports based on human clinical pathology studies. We conducted an immunohistochemical study on paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed specimens obtained from 104 patients with various pathologic conditions (acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, inflammation, cancer, etc.). The association of tissue fibrosis with positive immunohistochemistry for TGF- beta1 and/or TNF-alpha1, TGF-beta1 was found to be strongly associated with tissue fibrosis, and in cases with positive immunohistochemistry for TGF-beta1, the odds ratio for fibrosis was 12.8, which was significantly high. Combined positivity for TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha1 was also associated with a significant odds ratio for fibrosis of 3.4, suggesting that TGF-beta1 expression is an important prerequisite. TGF-beta1 has been suggested as playing a relatively important role in tissue fibrosis. Future clinical application of these cytokines for both diagnosis and treatment is expected.
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Bariani MV, Cui YH, Ali M, Bai T, Grimm SL, Coarfa C, Walker CL, He YY, Yang Q, Al-Hendy A. TGFβ signaling links early-life endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure to suppression of nucleotide excision repair in rat myometrial stem cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3001855. [PMID: 37333266 PMCID: PMC10274956 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3001855/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is linked to the development of uterine fibroids (UFs) in women. UFs, non-cancerous tumors, are thought to originate from abnormal myometrial stem cells (MMSCs). Defective DNA repair capacity may contribute to the emergence of mutations that promote tumor growth. The multifunctional cytokine TGFβ1 is associated with UF progression and DNA damage repair pathways. To investigate the impact of EDC exposure on TGFβ1 and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways, we isolated MMSCs from 5-months old Eker rats exposed neonatally to Diethylstilbestrol (DES), an EDC, or to vehicle (VEH). EDC-MMSCs exhibited overactivated TGFβ1 signaling and reduced mRNA and protein levels of NER pathway components compared to VEH-MMSCs. EDC-MMSCs also demonstrated impaired NER capacity. Exposing VEH-MMSCs to TGFβ1 decreased NER capacity while inhibiting TGFβ signaling in EDC-MMSCs restored it. RNA-seq analysis and further validation revealed decreased expression of Uvrag, a tumor suppressor gene involved in DNA damage recognition, in VEH-MMSCs treated with TGFβ1, but increased expression in EDC-MMSCs after TGFβ signaling inhibition. Overall, we demonstrated that the overactivation of the TGFβ pathway links early-life exposure to EDCs with impaired NER capacity, which would lead to increased genetic instability, arise of mutations, and fibroid tumorigenesis. We demonstrated that the overactivation of the TGFβ pathway links early-life exposure to EDCs with impaired NER capacity, which would lead to increased fibroid incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed Ali
- University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Tao Bai
- University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | | | | | | | - Yu-Ying He
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine
| | - Qiwei Yang
- University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Rekowska AK, Obuchowska K, Bartosik M, Kimber-Trojnar Ż, Słodzińska M, Wierzchowska-Opoka M, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Biomolecules Involved in Both Metastasis and Placenta Accreta Spectrum-Does the Common Pathophysiological Pathway Exist? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092618. [PMID: 37174083 PMCID: PMC10177254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial in the implantation of the blastocyst and subsequent placental development. The trophoblast, consisting of villous and extravillous zones, plays different roles in these processes. Pathological states, such as placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), can arise due to dysfunction of the trophoblast or defective decidualization, leading to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Studies have drawn parallels between placentation and carcinogenesis, with both processes involving EMT and the establishment of a microenvironment that facilitates invasion and infiltration. This article presents a review of molecular biomarkers involved in both the microenvironment of tumors and placental cells, including placental growth factor (PlGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-cadherin (CDH1), laminin γ2 (LAMC2), the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB) proteins, αVβ3 integrin, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), β-catenin, cofilin-1 (CFL-1), and interleukin-35 (IL-35). Understanding the similarities and differences in these processes may provide insights into the development of therapeutic options for both PAS and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Rekowska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Obuchowska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bartosik
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Słodzińska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Huang KC, Lee JW, Hu YF, Ballantyne R, Liu CH. Effects of Aspergillus-meal prebiotic diet on the growth performance, health status and gut microbiota of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108696. [PMID: 36935042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the growth performance, health status and intestinal microbiota of juvenile Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, were assessed after dietary administration of a prebiotic product obtained from fermented Aspergillus orizae, Fermacto®. Asian seabass were fed three diets; control (without Aspergillus-meal prebiotic), 0.2% and 0.3% Aspergillus-meal prebiotic for 56 days. Fish were raised in freshwater with acceptable water quality. No significant differences were found in the growth performance and composition of dorsal fish muscle among all groups. Fish fed diets supplemented with 0.3% of Aspergillus-meal prebiotic had a significantly higher survival rate after being challenged with V. alginolyticus than fish fed with the control diet. Supplementation of the Aspergillus-meal prebiotic significantly improved immune responses by inducing higher respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, phagocytic and lysozyme activity compared to the control group. In addition, prebiotic doses significantly induced an up-regulation of heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein (hsp70) in the liver compared to the control group. Signaling pathways were also affected with significantly higher gene expression of complement c-3 (c3), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mtor), and mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8 (mlst-8) in the liver of fish fed 0.3% Aspergillus prebiotic. The pro-inflammatory gene, tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and anti-inflammatory gene, transforming growth factor beta-1 (tfg-β1) were significantly higher in the head kidney of fish offered prebiotic diets. Fish receiving Aspergillus-meal prebiotic revealed significantly higher expression of Mx gene 24 h post nervous necrosis virus injection compared to the control. Additionally, the α-diversity of gut microbiota, including genus, Pielou's evenness, Shannon diversity index, and Margalef's species richness were significantly higher in fish fed 0.3% Aspergillus-meal prebiotic than the control group. The principal component analysis eigenvector plots showed that a high abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Entercoccus faecium, Lactococcus lactis, Macrococcus caseolyticus and Vagococcus fluvialis, along with potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus sciuri and L. garvieae subsp. garvieae were present in fish treated with Aspergillus-meal prebiotic. Although dietary Aspergillus-meal prebiotic did not improve the growth performance of Asian seabass, 0.3% of Aspergillus-meal prebiotic is recommended to elevate the immunological status of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Wei Lee
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Hu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Rolissa Ballantyne
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Gómez-Bernal F, Quevedo-Abeledo JC, García-González M, Fernández-Cladera Y, González-Rivero AF, Martín-González C, González-Gay MÁ, Ferraz-Amaro I. Transforming growth factor beta 1 is associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:64. [PMID: 37069672 PMCID: PMC10108540 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. TGF-β1 has been linked to cardiovascular disease in the general population. The immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β1 is believed to be dysregulated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the present work, we aimed to study the relationship of serum levels of TGF-β1 with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with SLE. METHODS The study included 284 patients with SLE. Serum levels of TGF-β1 and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (by carotid ultrasonography) were evaluated. In addition, the complete lipid profile and insulin resistance were analyzed. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the relationship of TGF-β1 with carotid subclinical atherosclerosis adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors that included lipid profile and insulin resistance. RESULTS Circulating TGF-β1 was positively and significantly associated with higher levels of LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index. TGF-β1 was also associated with significantly lower levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1. Remarkably, TGF-β1 was associated with the presence of carotid plaque not only after adjustment for demographics (age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, and aspirin use) but also after adjustment for relationships of TGF-β1 with lipid profile molecules, insulin resistance, and SLEDAI disease score (odds ratio 1.14 [95% confidence interval 1.003-1.30], p = 0.045). CONCLUSION TGF-β1 serum levels are positively and independently associated with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis disease in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Candelaria Martín-González
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group On Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
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Hassan AK, El-Kalaawy AM, Abd El-Twab SM, Alblihed MA, Ahmed OM. Hesperetin and Capecitabine Abate 1,2 Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats via Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Enhancing Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Apoptotic Actions. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040984. [PMID: 37109513 PMCID: PMC10146346 DOI: 10.3390/life13040984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death, with significantly increasing rates of incidence worldwide. The current study was designed to evaluate the anti-carcinogenic effects of hesperetin (HES) alone and in combination with capecitabine (CAP) on 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. The rats were given DMH at 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/week for 12 weeks and were orally treated with HES (25 mg/kg b.w.) and/or CAP (200 mg/kg b.w.) every other day for 8 weeks. The DMH-administered rats exhibited colon-mucosal hyperplastic polyps, the formation of new glandular units and cancerous epithelial cells. These histological changes were associated with the significant upregulation of colon Ki67 expression and the elevation of the tumor marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), in the sera. The treatment of the DMH-administered rats with HES and/or CAP prevented these histological cancerous changes concomitantly with the decrease in colon-Ki67 expression and serum-CEA levels. The results also indicated that the treatments with HES and/or CAP showed a significant reduction in the serum levels of lipid peroxides, an elevation in the serum levels of reduced glutathione, and the enhancement of the activities of colon-tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. Additionally, the results showed an increase in the mRNA expressions of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4, as well as the proapoptotic protein, p53, in the colon tissues of the DMH-administered rats treated with HES and/or CAP. The TGF-β1 decreased significantly in the DMH-administered rats and this effect was counteracted by the treatments with HES and/or CAP. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that both HES and CAP, singly or in combination, have the potential to exert chemopreventive effects against DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis via the suppression of oxidative stress, the stimulation of the antioxidant defense system, the attenuation of inflammatory effects, the reduction in cell proliferation and the enhancement of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa K Hassan
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M El-Kalaawy
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Sanaa M Abd El-Twab
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Alblihed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
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Yin M, Kim J, Choi JI, Bom JS, Bae HB, Jeong S. AMPK reduces macrophage endotoxin tolerance through inhibition of TGF-β1 production and its signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110146. [PMID: 37037116 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in suppression of the development of endotoxin tolerance, which is a driver of the immunosuppression induced by sepsis. However, the mechanism by which AMPK inhibits the development of endotoxin tolerance has not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the mechanism by which the AMPK activator, metformin, inhibits the development of endotoxin tolerance. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in macrophages, which was inhibited by metformin and resveratrol. Knockdown of AMPKα1 inhibited the suppressive effect of metformin on LPS-induced TGF-β1 production. TGF-β neutralizing antibody and TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor increased the production of TNF-α and IL-6 via LPS restimulation in tolerized macrophages. LPS increased Smad2 phosphorylation, but this was inhibited in cells treated with TGF-β neutralizing antibody or metformin. Smad2 knockdown inhibited the development of endotoxin tolerance, as evidenced by increased TNF-α production in response to LPS restimulation in tolerized macrophages. TGF-β1 expression was increased, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 production induced by LPS stimulation were decreased, in splenocytes of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model mice compared to sham-operated controls. However, metformin treatment suppressed the production of TGF-β1, and enhanced the production of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by LPS stimulation in splenocytes of CLP mice. These results indicated that AMPK activation inhibits LPS-induced TGF-β1 production and its signaling pathway, thus suppressing the development of endotoxin tolerance in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, South Korea
| | - Joungmin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Joon-Suk Bom
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hong-Beom Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, South Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Seongtae Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, South Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
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3D collagen migration patterns reveal a SMAD3-dependent and TGF-β1-independent mechanism of recruitment for tumour-associated fibroblasts in lung adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:967-981. [PMID: 36572730 PMCID: PMC10006167 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TGF-β1 transcription factor SMAD3 is epigenetically repressed in tumour-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) from lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but not adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients, which elicits a compensatory increase in SMAD2 that renders SCC-TAFs less fibrotic. Here we examined the effects of altered SMAD2/3 in fibroblast migration and its impact on the desmoplastic stroma formation in lung cancer. METHODS We used a microfluidic device to examine descriptors of early protrusions and subsequent migration in 3D collagen gels upon knocking down SMAD2 or SMAD3 by shRNA in control fibroblasts and TAFs. RESULTS High SMAD3 conditions as in shSMAD2 fibroblasts and ADC-TAFs exhibited a migratory advantage in terms of protrusions (fewer and longer) and migration (faster and more directional) selectively without TGF-β1 along with Erk1/2 hyperactivation. This enhanced migration was abrogated by TGF-β1 as well as low glucose medium and the MEK inhibitor Trametinib. In contrast, high SMAD2 fibroblasts were poorly responsive to TGF-β1, high glucose and Trametinib, exhibiting impaired migration in all conditions. CONCLUSIONS The basal migration advantage of high SMAD3 fibroblasts provides a straightforward mechanism underlying the larger accumulation of TAFs previously reported in ADC compared to SCC. Moreover, our results encourage using MEK inhibitors in ADC-TAFs but not SCC-TAFs.
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Markin AM, Markina YV, Bogatyreva AI, Tolstik TV, Chakal DA, Breshenkov DG, Charchyan ER. The Role of Cytokines in Cholesterol Accumulation in Cells and Atherosclerosis Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076426. [PMID: 37047399 PMCID: PMC10094347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most common cardiovascular disease and is the number one cause of death worldwide. Today, atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease with an autoimmune component, accompanied by the accumulation of cholesterol in the vessel wall and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. In the process of accumulation of atherogenic lipids, cells of the immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, etc., play an important role, producing and/or activating the production of various cytokines—interferons, interleukins, chemokines. In this review, we have tried to summarize the most important cytokines involved in the processes of atherogenesis.
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Seksaria S, Mehan S, Dutta BJ, Gupta GD, Ganti SS, Singh A. Oxymatrine and insulin resistance: Focusing on mechanistic intricacies involve in diabetes associated cardiomyopathy via SIRT1/AMPK and TGF-β signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23330. [PMID: 36890713 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy (CDM) and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part because of the increase in the number of diabetes mellitus cases. The clinical consequence associated with CDM is heart failure (HF) and is considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus, as compared to nondiabetics. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional malfunctioning of the heart, which includes diastolic dysfunction followed by systolic dysfunction, myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunctional remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis. Indeed, many reports in the literature indicate that various signaling pathways, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β/smad pathways, are involved in diabetes-related cardiomyopathy, which increases the risk of functional and structural abnormalities of the heart. Therefore, targeting these pathways augments the prevention as well as treatment of patients with DCM. Alternative pharmacotherapy, such as that using natural compounds, has been shown to have promising therapeutic effects. Thus, this article reviews the potential role of the quinazoline alkaloid, oxymatrine obtained from the Sophora flavescensin CDM associated with diabetes mellitus. Numerous studies have given a therapeutic glimpse of the role of oxymatrine in the multiple secondary complications related to diabetes, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, stroke, and cardiovascular complications via reductions in oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, which might be due to targeting signaling pathways, such as AMPK, SIRT1, PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β pathways. Thus, these pathways are considered central regulators of diabetes and its secondary complications, and targeting these pathways with oxymatrine might provide a therapeutic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Seksaria
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Bhaskar J Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam D Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Subrahmanya S Ganti
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
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Baricitinib Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice by Inhibiting TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052195. [PMID: 36903446 PMCID: PMC10004526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease with unknown etiology, high mortality and limited treatment options. It is characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and extensive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), which will lead to fibrous proliferation and the destruction of lung structure. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is widely recognized as a central pathway of pulmonary fibrosis, and the suppression of TGF-β1 or the TGF-β1-regulated signaling pathway may thus offer potential antifibrotic therapies. JAK-STAT is a downstream signaling pathway regulated by TGF-β1. JAK1/2 inhibitor baricitinib is a marketed drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but its role in pulmonary fibrosis has not been reported. This study explored the potential effect and mechanism of baricitinib on pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo studies have shown that baricitinib can effectively attenuate bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and in vitro studies showed that baricitinib attenuates TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation and epithelial cell injury by inhibiting TGF-β1/non-Smad and TGF-β1/JAK/STAT signaling pathways, respectively. In conclusion, baricitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, impedes myofibroblast activation and epithelial injury via targeting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and reduces BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
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Kaur S, Selden NR, Aballay A. Anti-inflammatory effects of vagus nerve stimulation in pediatric patients with epilepsy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1093574. [PMID: 36845140 PMCID: PMC9951815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The neural control of the immune system by the nervous system is critical to maintaining immune homeostasis, whose disruption may be an underlying cause of several diseases, including cancer, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. Methods Here we studied the role of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Vagus nerve stimulation is widely used as an alternative treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy. Thus, we studied the impact that VNS treatment has on PBMCs isolated from a cohort of existing patients with medically refractory epilepsy. A comparison of genome-wide changes in gene expression was made between the epilepsy patients treated and non-treated with vagus nerve stimulation. Results The analysis showed downregulation of genes related to stress, inflammatory response, and immunity, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect of VNS in epilepsy patients. VNS also resulted in the downregulation of the insulin catabolic process, which may reduce circulating blood glucose. Discussion These results provide a potential molecular explanation for the beneficial role of the ketogenic diet, which also controls blood glucose, in treating refractory epilepsy. The findings indicate that direct VNS might be a useful therapeutic alternative to treat chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supender Kaur
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nathan R. Selden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Biochanin A in murine Schistosoma mansoni infection: effects on inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e16. [PMID: 36740983 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA) is a multifunctional natural compound that possesses anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects. The aim of the study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of BCA on Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Fifty mice were divided into six different groups as non-infected, non-infected BCA-treated, infected untreated, early infected BCA-treated (seven days post-infection (dpi)), late infected BCA-treated 60 dpi and infected praziquantel (PZQ)-treated groups. Parasitological, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were investigated in liver sections. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene expression of S. mansoni was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A single dose of BCA significantly reduced worm burden in early (82.14%) and late infection (77.74%), mean tissue egg load in early (7.27 ± 0.495) and late BCA administration (7.63 ± 0.435) and decreased granuloma size. CYP450 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in early BCA treatment as compared to late treatment which emphasizes that early administration of BCA had more pronounced effects on worms than late administration. Both early and late BCA administration led to significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines as TGF and iNOS. Although the reduction of TGF and iNOS in BCA-treated mice was superior to PZQ, no statistically significant differences were noted. However, a significant downregulation of COX2 was noted in hepatocytes as compared to both infected control and PZQ-treated mice. BCA has schistosomicidal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects and could be regarded as a potential drug in schistosomiasis treatment.
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Mehdi A, Attias M, Arakelian A, Szyf M, Piccirillo CA, Rabbani SA. S-adenosylmethionine blocks tumorigenesis and with immune checkpoint inhibitor enhances anti-cancer efficacy against BRAF mutant and wildtype melanomas. Neoplasia 2023; 36:100874. [PMID: 36638586 PMCID: PMC9840362 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite marked success in treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI), only a third of patients are responsive. Thus, melanoma still has one of the highest prevalence and mortality rates; which has led to a search for novel combination therapies that might complement CPI. Aberrant methylomes are one of the mechanisms of resistance to CPI therapy. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), methyl donor of important epigenetic processes, has significant anti-cancer effects in several malignancies; however, SAM's effect has never been extensively investigated in melanoma. We demonstrate that SAM modulates phenotype switching of melanoma cells and directs the cells towards differentiation indicated by increased melanogenesis (melanin and melanosome synthesis), melanocyte-like morphology, elevated Mitf and Mitf activators' expression, increased antigen expression, reduced proliferation, and reduced stemness genes' expression. Consistently, providing SAM orally, reduced tumor growth and progression, and metastasis of syngeneic BRAF mutant and wild-type (WT) melanoma mouse models. Of note, SAM and anti-PD-1 antibody combination treatment had enhanced anti-cancer efficacy compared to monotherapies, showed significant reduction in tumor growth and progression, and increased survival. Furthermore, SAM and anti-PD-1 antibody combination triggered significantly higher immune cell infiltration, higher CD8+ T cells infiltration and effector functions, and polyfunctionality of CD8+ T cells in YUMMER1.7 tumors. Therefore, SAM combined with CPI provides a novel therapeutic strategy against BRAF mutant and WT melanomas and provides potential to be translated into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mehdi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications (MeDiC), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd. (Glen site), Room EM1.3232, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - M Attias
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - A Arakelian
- Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications (MeDiC), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd. (Glen site), Room EM1.3232, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - M Szyf
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - C A Piccirillo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - S A Rabbani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications (MeDiC), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd. (Glen site), Room EM1.3232, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Fok SW, Gresham RCH, Ryan W, Osipov B, Bahney C, Leach JK. Macromolecular crowding and decellularization method increase the growth factor binding potential of cell-secreted extracellular matrices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1091157. [PMID: 36756385 PMCID: PMC9899907 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1091157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant growth factors are used in tissue engineering to stimulate cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Conventional methods of growth factor delivery for therapeutic applications employ large amounts of these bioactive cues. Effective, localized growth factor release is essential to reduce the required dose and potential deleterious effects. The endogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) sequesters native growth factors through its negatively charged sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Mesenchymal stromal cells secrete an instructive extracellular matrix that can be tuned by varying culture and decellularization methods. In this study, mesenchymal stromal cell-secreted extracellular matrix was modified using λ-carrageenan as a macromolecular crowding (MMC) agent and decellularized with DNase as an alternative to previous decellularized extracellular matrices (dECM) to improve growth factor retention. Macromolecular crowding decellularized extracellular matrix contained 7.7-fold more sulfated glycosaminoglycans and 11.7-fold more total protein than decellularized extracellular matrix, with no significant difference in residual DNA. Endogenous BMP-2 was retained in macromolecular crowding decellularized extracellular matrix, whereas BMP-2 was not detected in other extracellular matrices. When implanted in a murine muscle pouch, we observed increased mineralized tissue formation with BMP-2-adsorbed macromolecular crowding decellularized extracellular matrix in vivo compared to conventional decellularized extracellular matrix. This study demonstrates the importance of decellularization method to retain endogenous sulfated glycosaminoglycans in decellularized extracellular matrix and highlights the utility of macromolecular crowding to upregulate sulfated glycosaminoglycan content. This platform has the potential to aid in the delivery of lower doses of BMP-2 or other heparin-binding growth factors in a tunable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shierly W. Fok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Robert C. H. Gresham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Weston Ryan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Osipov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Chelsea Bahney
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, United States
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States,*Correspondence: J. Kent Leach,
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Polit F, Alloush F, Espinosa C, Bahmad HF, Gill A, Mendez L, Urdaneta G, Poppiti R, Recine M, Garcia H. Diffuse pulmonary ossification: A case report unveiling clinical and histopathological challenges. Respir Med Case Rep 2023; 42:101815. [PMID: 36712477 PMCID: PMC9874059 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare pulmonary condition characterized by the diffuse formation of mature bone in the lungs. Pulmonary ossification, in general, can be subdivided into diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) and nodular pulmonary ossification (NPO). DPO occurs most commonly in the settings of chronic pulmonary conditions; however, idiopathic cases have been reported. We present a case of DPO in a 36-year-old man with progressive exertional dyspnea, productive cough, and occasional hemoptysis. Imaging studies showed innumerable pulmonary nodules scattered throughout both lungs. Initially, the diagnoses of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) or, less likely miliary tuberculosis (TB) were considered. However, Quantiferon TB test was negative and genetic testing was negative for SLC34A2, lowering the probability of PAM. The patient underwent a segmentectomy. Microscopic examination showed ramifying spicules of mature woven bone and fatty marrow consistent with DPO. There were no significant underlying pathologic findings, such as interstitial fibrosis, granulomas, organizing pneumonia, or significant inflammation in the background lung parenchyma. In conclusion, clinicians and radiologists need to be aware of DPO in the differential diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis and pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. The absence of an underlying chronic pulmonary condition does not exclude the possibility of DPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polit
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
| | - Ferial Alloush
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
| | - Cynthia Espinosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
| | - Hisham F. Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Mount Sinai Medical Center 4300 Alton Rd, Blum Bldg, Room 2400 Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA.
| | - Arman Gill
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
| | - Laura Mendez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
| | - Gisel Urdaneta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
| | - Robert Poppiti
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA,Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Monica Recine
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA,Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Hernando Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
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Cartwright IM, Colgan SP. The hypoxic tissue microenvironment as a driver of mucosal inflammatory resolution. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124774. [PMID: 36742292 PMCID: PMC9890178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
On the backdrop of all acute inflammatory processes lies the activation of the resolution response. Recent years have witnessed an emerging interest in defining molecular factors that influence the resolution of inflammation. A keystone feature of the mucosal inflammatory microenvironment is hypoxia. The gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon, exists in a state of physiological hypoxia and during active inflammation, this hypoxic state is enhanced as a result of infiltrating leukocyte oxygen consumption and the activation of oxygen consuming enzymes. Most evidence suggests that mucosal hypoxia promotes the active resolution of inflammation through a variety of mechanisms, including extracellular acidification, purine biosynthesis/salvage, the generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (ie. resolvins) and altered chemokine/cytokine expression. It is now appreciated that infiltrating innate immune cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages) have an important role in molding the tissue microenvironment to program an active resolution response. Structural or functional dysregulation of this inflammatory microenvironment can result in the loss of tissue homeostasis and ultimately progression toward chronicity. In this review, we will discuss how inflammatory hypoxia drives mucosal inflammatory resolution and its impact on other microenvironmental factors that influence resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Cartwright
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
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Tang R, Gasvoda KL, Rabin J, Alsberg E. Protein conformation stabilized by newly formed turns for thermal resilience. Biophys J 2023; 122:82-89. [PMID: 36419349 PMCID: PMC9822789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermally stable or resilient proteins are usually stabilized at intermediate states during thermal stress to prevent irreversible denaturation. However, the mechanism by which their conformations are stabilized to resist high temperature remains elusive. Herein, we investigate the conformational and thermal stability of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a key signaling molecule in numerous biological pathways. We report that the TGF-β1 molecule is thermally resilient as it gradually denatures during thermal treatment when the temperature increases to 90°C-100°C but recovers native folding when the temperature decreases. Using this protein as a model, further studies show the maintenance of its bioactive functional properties after thermal stress, as demonstrated by differentiation induction of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells into myofibroblasts and chondrocytes, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that although the protein's secondary structure is unstable under thermal stress, its conformation is partially stabilized by newly formed turns. Given the importance and/or prevalence of TGF-β1 in biological processes, potential therapeutics, and the human diet, our findings encourage consideration of its thermostability for biomedical applications and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Kaelyn L Gasvoda
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacob Rabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Orthopedics, and Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Schmutzhard J, Bader W, Gottfried T, Dejaco D, Glückert R, Dudas J, Schrott-Fischer A. The effects of mild hypothermia on the electrode insertion trauma in a murine whole organ cochlea culture. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1112243. [PMID: 37123355 PMCID: PMC10133490 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Local therapeutic hypothermia (32°C) has been linked experimentally to an otoprotective effect in the electrode insertion trauma. The pathomechanism of the electrode insertion trauma is connected to the activation of apoptosis and necrosis pathways, pro-inflammatory and fibrotic mechanisms. In a whole organ cochlea culture setting the effect of therapeutic hypothermia in an electrode insertion trauma model is evaluated. Material and Methods The cochleae of C57Bl6/J mice (Charles River®, Freiburg, Germany) are cultured for 24 hours at 37°C and 32°C after inserting a fishing line through the round window simulating an insertion trauma. The resulting effect was evaluated for the apoptotic reaction - B-cell-Lymphoma-2-Associated-X-Protein (BAX), B-Cell-Lymphoma-2-Protein (BCL2) and Cleaved-Caspase-3 (CC3) -, the inflammatory response - Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-Alpha (TNFα), Interleukin-1-Beta (IL-1Imm) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) - and proliferation process - Transforming-Growth-Factor-Beta-1 (TGFβ1) - using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR technique. A minimum of 12 cochlea per experiment were used. Results A pro-apoptotic situation was observed in the normothermic group (BAX, CC3 ˃ Bcl2) whereas an anti-apoptotic constellation was found at 32°C culture conditions (BAX, CC3 < Bcl2). Furthermore the effect of the IT knowing to effect the pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNFα, Il1β) and enzyme (COX2) expression has been reproduced. This reaction was reversed with the application of therapeutic hypothermia resulting in significant lower pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNFα, Il1β) and enzyme (COX2) expression. TGFβ1 was increased by hypothermia. Discussion Concluding a protective effect of hypothermia on the experimental electrode insertion trauma can be described by an anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory reaction.
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Gómez-Bernal F, Quevedo-Abeledo JC, García-González M, Fernández-Cladera Y, González-Rivero AF, de Vera-González A, Martín-González C, González-Gay MÁ, Ferraz-Amaro I. Serum Levels of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010073. [PMID: 36671458 PMCID: PMC9855909 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine that has broad anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β1 is thought to be dysfunctional. In the present work, we aimed to study the relationship between the serum levels of TGF-β1 with the characteristics of the disease as well as with the patterns of activity, damage, or severity of the disease. Two hundred and eighty-four patients with well-characterized SLE were recruited. The serum levels of TGF-β1 were assessed. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the relation of disease characteristics to TGF-β1. The Katz severity index (beta coefficient 179 [95% confidence interval 7-350] pg/mL, p = 0.041) and SLEDAI activity index (beta coefficient 96 [95% CI 20-171] pg/mL, p = 0.014) were associated with higher serum levels of TGF-β1 after the multivariable analysis. When the disease-specific features were studied, ocular and cardiovascular manifestations were positively associated with serum TGF-β1 levels. In contrast, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal involvements were associated with lower levels of circulating TGF-β1. Among patients with SLE, the serum levels of TGF-β1 were highly associated with disease-related manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuensanta Gómez-Bernal
- Division of Central Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Candelaria Martín-González
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Correspondence: (M.Á.G.-G.); (I.F.-A.)
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Á.G.-G.); (I.F.-A.)
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