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VanPortfliet JJ, Chute C, Lei Y, Shutt TE, West AP. Mitochondrial DNA release and sensing in innate immune responses. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:R80-R91. [PMID: 38779772 PMCID: PMC11112387 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are pleiotropic organelles central to an array of cellular pathways including metabolism, signal transduction, and programmed cell death. Mitochondria are also key drivers of mammalian immune responses, functioning as scaffolds for innate immune signaling, governing metabolic switches required for immune cell activation, and releasing agonists that promote inflammation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a potent immunostimulatory agonist, triggering pro-inflammatory and type I interferon responses in a host of mammalian cell types. Here we review recent advances in how mtDNA is detected by nucleic acid sensors of the innate immune system upon release into the cytoplasm and extracellular space. We also discuss how the interplay between mtDNA release and sensing impacts cellular innate immune endpoints relevant to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn J VanPortfliet
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
| | - Cole Chute
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yuanjiu Lei
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Timothy E Shutt
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - A Phillip West
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
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2
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Chen J, Xu X, Shao Y, Bian X, Li R, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Lu M, Jiang Q, Zeng Y, Yan F, Ye J, Li Z. AKT2 deficiency alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury via alleviating oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 169:106539. [PMID: 38290690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used chemotherapy agent in cancer treatment, encounters limitations in clinical efficacy due to associated cardiotoxicity. This study aims to explore the role of AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 (AKT2) in mitigating DOX-induced oxidative stress within the heart through both intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. Utilizing Akt2 knockout (KO) and Nrf2 KO murine models, alongside neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), we systematically investigate the impact of AKT2 deficiency on DOX-induced cardiac injury. Our findings reveal that DOX administration induces significant oxidative stress, a primary contributor to cardiac injury. Importantly, Akt2 deficiency exhibits a protective effect by alleviating DOX-induced oxidative stress. Mechanistically, Akt2 deficiency facilitates nuclear translocation of NRF2, thereby suppressing intracellular oxidative stress by promoting the expression of antioxidant genes. Furthermore, We also observed that AKT2 inhibition facilitates superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression both inside macrophages and SOD2 secretion to the extracellular matrix, which is involved in lowering oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes upon DOX stimulation. The present study underscores the important role of AKT2 in mitigating DOX-induced oxidative stress through both intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. Additionally, our findings propose promising therapeutic strategies for addressing DOX-induced cardiomyopathy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaozhi Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuru Shao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaohong Bian
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meiling Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qizhou Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Clinical Pharmacology and Bioanalytics, Pfizer (China) Research and Development Co., Ltd, China
| | - Fangrong Yan
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Junmei Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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3
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Leon Kropf V, Albany CJ, Zoccarato A, Green HLH, Yang Y, Brewer AC. TET3 is a positive regulator of mitochondrial respiration in Neuro2A cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294187. [PMID: 38227585 PMCID: PMC10790995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ten-Eleven-Translocase (TET) enzymes contribute to the regulation of the methylome via successive oxidation of 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) to derivatives which can be actively removed by base-excision-repair (BER) mechanisms in the absence of cell division. This is particularly important in post-mitotic neurons where changes in DNA methylation are known to associate with changes in neural function. TET3, specifically, is a critical regulator of both neuronal differentiation in development and mediates dynamic changes in the methylome of adult neurons associated with cognitive function. While DNA methylation is understood to regulate transcription, little is known of the specific targets of TET3-dependent catalytic activity in neurons. We report the results of an unbiased transcriptome analysis of the neuroblastoma-derived cell line; Neuro2A, in which Tet3 was silenced. Oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) was identified as the most significantly down-regulated functional canonical pathway, and these findings were confirmed by measurements of oxygen consumption rate in the Seahorse bioenergetics analyser. The mRNA levels of both nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded OxPhos genes were reduced by Tet3-silencing, but we found no evidence for differential (hydroxy)methylation deposition at these gene loci. However, the mRNA expression of genes known to be involved in mitochondrial quality control were also shown to be significantly downregulated in the absence of TET3. One of these genes; EndoG, was identified as a direct target of TET3-catalytic activity at non-CpG methylated sites within its gene body. Accordingly, we propose that aberrant mitochondrial homeostasis may contribute to the decrease in OxPhos, observed upon Tet3-downregulation in Neuro2A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Leon Kropf
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caraugh J. Albany
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah L. H. Green
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Youwen Yang
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C. Brewer
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Allayee H, Farber CR, Seldin MM, Williams EG, James DE, Lusis AJ. Systems genetics approaches for understanding complex traits with relevance for human disease. eLife 2023; 12:e91004. [PMID: 37962168 PMCID: PMC10645424 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative traits are often complex because of the contribution of many loci, with further complexity added by environmental factors. In medical research, systems genetics is a powerful approach for the study of complex traits, as it integrates intermediate phenotypes, such as RNA, protein, and metabolite levels, to understand molecular and physiological phenotypes linking discrete DNA sequence variation to complex clinical and physiological traits. The primary purpose of this review is to describe some of the resources and tools of systems genetics in humans and rodent models, so that researchers in many areas of biology and medicine can make use of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Allayee
- Departments of Population & Public Health Sciences, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Evan Graehl Williams
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Human Genetics, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine of UCLALos AngelesUnited States
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5
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Wang W, Tan J, Liu X, Guo W, Li M, Liu X, Liu Y, Dai W, Hu L, Wang Y, Lu Q, Lee WX, Tang HW, Zhou Q. Cytoplasmic Endonuclease G promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via mTORC2-AKT-ACLY and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6201. [PMID: 37794041 PMCID: PMC10550995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endonuclease G (ENDOG), a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial intermembrane space protein, is well known to be translocated into the nucleus during apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that ENDOG might enter the mitochondrial matrix to regulate mitochondrial genome cleavage and replication. However, little is known about the role of ENDOG in the cytosol. Our previous work showed that cytoplasmic ENDOG competitively binds with 14-3-3γ, which released TSC2 to repress mTORC1 signaling and induce autophagy. Here, we demonstrate that cytoplasmic ENDOG could also release Rictor from 14-3-3γ to activate the mTORC2-AKT-ACLY axis, resulting in acetyl-CoA production. Importantly, we observe that ENDOG could translocate to the ER, bind with Bip, and release IRE1a/PERK to activate the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, promoting lipid synthesis. Taken together, we demonstrate that loss of ENDOG suppresses acetyl-CoA production and lipid synthesis, along with reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, which eventually alleviates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Jinan University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523067, China.
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Junyang Tan
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Jinan University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523067, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Jinan University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523067, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Wenqi Guo
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Jinan University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523067, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Jinan University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523067, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Jinan University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523067, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Jinan University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523067, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Wenyu Dai
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Jinan University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523067, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Liubing Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, No. 116, Qingshuihe 1st Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Qiuxia Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Wen Xing Lee
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Hong-Wen Tang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Jinan University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523067, China.
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
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6
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Czarny P, Ziółkowska S, Kołodziej Ł, Watała C, Wigner-Jeziorska P, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Wachowska K, Gałecka M, Synowiec E, Gałecki P, Bijak M, Szemraj J, Śliwiński T. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Genes Maintaining the Stability of Mitochondrial DNA Affect the Occurrence, Onset, Severity and Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14752. [PMID: 37834200 PMCID: PMC10573273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key features of major depressive disorder (MDD, depression) is increased oxidative stress manifested by elevated levels of mtROS, a hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction, which can arise from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. Thus, the current study explores possibility that the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding the three enzymes that are thought to be implicated in the replication, repair or degradation of mtDNA, i.e., POLG, ENDOG and EXOG, have an impact on the occurrence, onset, severity and treatment of MDD. Five SNPs were selected: EXOG c.-188T > G (rs9838614), EXOG c.*627G > A (rs1065800), POLG c.-1370T > A (rs1054875), ENDOG c.-394T > C (rs2977998) and ENDOG c.-220C > T (rs2997922), while genotyping was performed on 538 DNA samples (277 cases and 261 controls) using TaqMan probes. All SNPs of EXOG and ENDOG modulated the risk of depression, but the strongest effect was observed for rs1065800, while rs9838614 and rs2977998 indicate that they might influence the severity of symptoms, and, to a lesser extent, treatment effectiveness. Although the SNP located in POLG did not affect occurrence of the disease, the result suggests that it may influence the onset and treatment outcome. These findings further support the hypothesis that mtDNA damage and impairment in its metabolism play a crucial role not only in the development, but also in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Sylwia Ziółkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Łukasz Kołodziej
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
| | - Cezary Watała
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Paulina Wigner-Jeziorska
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland;
| | | | - Katarzyna Wachowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland; (K.B.-K.); (K.W.); (P.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Gałecka
- Department of Psychotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland; (K.B.-K.); (K.W.); (P.G.)
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
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7
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Gao S, Yang Q, Peng Y, Kong W, Liu Z, Li Z, Chen J, Bao M, Li X, Zhang Y, Bian X, Jin L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Sanchis D, Yan F, Ye J. SIRT6 regulates obesity-induced oxidative stress via ENDOG/SOD2 signaling in the heart. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1489-1507. [PMID: 35798905 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) participates in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the function of SIRT6 in the process of cardiac pathogenesis caused by obesity-associated lipotoxicity remains to be unveiled. This study was designed to elucidate the role of SIRT6 in the pathogenesis of cardiac injury due to nutrition overload-induced obesity and explore the downstream signaling pathways affecting oxidative stress in the heart. In this study, we used Sirt6 cardiac-specific knockout murine models treated with a high-fat diet (HFD) feeding to explore the function and mechanism of SIRT6 in the heart tissue during HFD-induced obesity. We also took advantage of neonatal cardiomyocytes to study the role and downstream molecules of SIRT6 during HFD-induced injury in vitro, in which intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial content were assessed. We observed that during HFD-induced obesity, Sirt6 loss-of-function aggravated cardiac injury including left ventricular hypertrophy and lipid accumulation. Our results evidenced that upon increased fatty acid uptake, SIRT6 positively regulated the expression of endonuclease G (ENDOG), which is a mitochondrial-resident molecule that plays an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis and redox homeostasis. Our results also showed that SIRT6 positively regulated superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression post-transcriptionally via ENDOG. Our study gives a new sight into SIRT6 beneficial role in mitochondrial biogenesis of cardiomyocytes. Our data also show that SIRT6 is required to reduce intracellular oxidative stress in the heart triggered by high-fat diet-induced obesity, involving the control of ENDOG/SOD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Gao
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Qingchen Yang
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yue Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Weixian Kong
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Zekun Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Mengmeng Bao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Xie Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Xiaohong Bian
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Liang Jin
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Daniel Sanchis
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Universitat de Lleida, Edifici Biomedicina-I, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Fangrong Yan
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Junmei Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
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8
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Arif T, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A. Apoptotic proteins with non-apoptotic activity: expression and function in cancer. Apoptosis 2023; 28:730-753. [PMID: 37014578 PMCID: PMC10071271 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death in which a cell commits suicide while maintaining the integrity and architecture of the tissue as a whole. Apoptosis involves activation of one of two major pathways: the extrinsic pathway, where extracellular pro-apoptotic signals, transduced through plasma membrane death receptors, activate a caspase cascade leading to apoptosis. The second, the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, where damaged DNA, oxidative stress, or chemicals, induce the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria, leading to the activation of caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis. However, it has recently become apparent that proteins involved in apoptosis also exhibit non-cell death-related physiological functions that are related to the cell cycle, differentiation, metabolism, inflammation or immunity. Such non-conventional activities were predominantly reported in non-cancer cells although, recently, such a dual function for pro-apoptotic proteins has also been reported in cancers where they are overexpressed. Interestingly, some apoptotic proteins translocate to the nucleus in order to perform a non-apoptotic function. In this review, we summarize the unconventional roles of the apoptotic proteins from a functional perspective, while focusing on two mitochondrial proteins: VDAC1 and SMAC/Diablo. Despite having pro-apoptotic functions, these proteins are overexpressed in cancers and this apparent paradox and the associated pathophysiological implications will be discussed. We will also present possible mechanisms underlying the switch from apoptotic to non-apoptotic activities although a deeper investigation into the process awaits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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9
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Biochemical Mechanisms beyond Glycosphingolipid Accumulation in Fabry Disease: Might They Provide Additional Therapeutic Treatments? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12052063. [PMID: 36902850 PMCID: PMC10004377 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12052063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is a rare X-linked disease characterized by deficient expression and activity of alpha-galactosidase A (α-GalA) with consequent lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipid in various organs. Currently, enzyme replacement therapy is the cornerstone of the treatment of all Fabry patients, although in the long-term it fails to completely halt the disease's progression. This suggests on one hand that the adverse outcomes cannot be justified only by the lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipids and on the other that additional therapies targeted at specific secondary mechanisms might contribute to halt the progression of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and renal disease that occur in Fabry patients. Several studies reported how secondary biochemical processes beyond Gb3 and lyso-Gb3 accumulation-such as oxidative stress, compromised energy metabolism, altered membrane lipid, disturbed cellular trafficking, and impaired autophagy-might exacerbate Fabry disease adverse outcomes. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of these pathogenetic intracellular mechanisms in Fabry disease, which might suggest novel additional strategies for its treatment.
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10
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Choi YN, Seo TW, Lee YT, Jeong DH, Yoo SJ. Nuclear endonuclease G controls cell proliferation in ovarian cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:655-669. [PMID: 36734593 PMCID: PMC10068316 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Platinum-based chemotherapy and some gene-targeted therapies have shown limited treatment efficacy due to toxicity and recurrence, and thus, it is essential to identify additional therapeutic targets based on an understanding of the pathological mechanism. Here, we report that endonuclease G, which exhibits altered expression in ovarian cancer, does not function as a cell death effector that digests chromosomal DNA in ovarian cancer. Endonuclease G is modulated by intracellular reactive oxygen species dynamics and plays a role in cell proliferation in ovarian cancer, suggesting that targeting endonuclease G alone or in combination with other antitumor agents may have the potential for development into a treatment for endonuclease G-overexpressing cancers, including ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Na Choi
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Woong Seo
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yui Taek Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dar Heum Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon Ji Yoo
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Proteomics analysis in myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:276. [PMID: 36609626 PMCID: PMC9822958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension-related left ventricular hypertrophy is recognized as a good predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. However, the underlying mechanism of left ventricular hypertrophy is still not fully understood. This study employed liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to investigate global changes in protein profile in myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rat, a classical animal model of essential hypertension. There were 369 differentially expressed proteins in myocardium between spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive rats. Xenobiotic catabolic process, cholesterol binding and mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase were found to be the most significantly enriched biological process, molecular function and cellular component terms of Gene Ontology, respectively. Drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 was revealed to be the most significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase was found to have the most interactions with other proteins. Differentially expressed proteins involved in xenobiotic catabolic process, lipid transport and metabolism, mitochondrial function might be targets for further study of hypertension-related left ventricular hypertrophy.
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12
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Metformin alleviates HFD-induced oxidative stress in hepatocyte via activating SIRT6/PGC-1α/ENDOG signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1711-1730. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20220242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Metformin is accepted as a first-line drug for the therapy of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), while its mechanism is still controversial. In the present study, by taking advantage of mouse model of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHCs) as well as human hepatocyte L02 cell line, we aimed to investigate the involvement of SIRTs during the application of metformin for the therapy of T2D. Our data evidenced that during HFD-induced obesity, there was elevation of nucleus protein acetylation. Analysis of liver tissue showed that among all SIRT members, SIRT6 expression was significantly down-regulated during HFD feeding, which was sustained to regular level with metformin administration. Our result also showed that SIRT6 suppressed intracellular oxidative stress upon FAs stimulation in PMHCs and L02 cells. Mechanistically, SIRT6, but not SIRT1 promoted PGC-1α expression. We further prove that ENDOG is downstream of PGC-1α. In addition, we evidenced that ENDOG protects hepatocytes from lipid-induced oxidative stress, and down-regulation of Endog blunted the protective role of metformin in defending against FAs-induced oxidative stress. Our study established a novel mechanism of metformin in counteracting lipid-induced hepatic injury via activating SIRT6/PGC-1α/ENDOG signaling, thus providing novel targets of metformin in the therapy of T2D.
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13
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Li W, Cologna SM. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders. Mol Omics 2022; 18:256-278. [PMID: 35343995 PMCID: PMC9098683 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00004k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The major function of the lysosome is to degrade unwanted materials such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; therefore, deficits of the lysosomal system can result in improper degradation and trafficking of these biomolecules. Diseases associated with lysosomal failure can be lethal and are termed lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), which affect 1 in 5000 live births collectively. LSDs are inherited metabolic diseases caused by mutations in single lysosomal and non-lysosomal proteins and resulting in the subsequent accumulation of macromolecules within. Most LSD patients present with neurodegenerative clinical symptoms, as well as damage in other organs. The discovery of new biomarkers is necessary to understand and monitor these diseases and to track therapeutic progress. Over the past ten years, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has flourished in the biomarker studies in many diseases, including neurodegenerative, and more specifically, LSDs. In this review, biomarkers of disease pathophysiology and monitoring of LSDs revealed by MS-based proteomics are discussed, including examples from Niemann-Pick disease type C, Fabry disease, neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses, mucopolysaccharidosis, Krabbe disease, mucolipidosis, and Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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14
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Assessment of the Role of Nuclear ENDOG Gene and mtDNA Variations on Paternal Mitochondrial Elimination (PME) in Infertile Men: An Experimental Study. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:2208-2222. [PMID: 35477840 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In humans and most animals, maternal inheritance of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is considered as an universal assumption. Recently, several lines of evidence suggest that different species seem to employ distinct mechanisms to prevent the inheritance of paternal mtDNA. There are few studies in the literature on the molecular basis of sperm mtDNA elimination in mammals and paternal mtDNA transmission in humans. Endonuclease G (ENDOG) is a mitochondrial nuclease encoded by nuclear ENDOG gene. The critical importance of ENDOG gene on paternal mitochondrial elimination (PME) has been previously demonstrated in model organisms such as C. elegans and D. melanogaster. However, its mechanism in human is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether nuclear ENDOG gene copy number could be a potential marker of paternal mtDNA transmission or not.Male factor infertility patients diagnosed with different infertility subgroups such as azoospermia, oligoteratozoospermia, astheno-teratozoospermia were included in this study: 13 infertile men and 25 healthy men as control group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis and dual-color Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method were used to compare the groups. FISH method was applied to verify qPCR results and two signals were observed in nearly all patients. ENDOG gene copy number data were evaluated by comparing them with entire human mtDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis results obtained through bioinformatics and proteomics tools. Mitochondrial whole genome sequencing (WGS) data allowed determination of novel and reported variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), multiple nucleotide polymorphism (MNP), insertion/deletion (INDEL). Missense variants causing amino acid substitution were filtered out from patients' mtDNA WGS data.Relative copy number of target ENDOG gene in male infertility patients [0.49 (0.31 - 0.77)] was lower than healthy controls [1.00 (0.66 - 1.51)], and statistical results showed significant differences between the groups (p < 0.01). A total of 38 missense variants were detected in the genes encoding the proteins involved in the respiratory chain complex. Moreover, we detected paternal mtDNA transmissions in the children of these patients who applied to assisted reproductive techniques.In conclusion, this study reveals that ENDOG gene may be an important factor for the PME mechanism in humans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in humans about this topic and assessment of ENDOG gene sequencing and gene expression studies in a larger sample size including patients with male factor infertility would be our future project.
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15
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Guo Z, Fan D, Liu FY, Ma SQ, An P, Yang D, Wang MY, Yang Z, Tang QZ. NEU1 Regulates Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Post-myocardial Infarction in Mice via the SIRT1/PGC-1 Alpha Axis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:821317. [PMID: 35548408 PMCID: PMC9081506 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.821317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) participates in the response to multiple receptor signals and regulates various cellular metabolic behaviors. Importantly, it is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Because ischemic heart disease is often accompanied by impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions and possible mechanisms of NEU1 in myocardial remodeling and mitochondrial metabolism induced by myocardial infarction (MI). Methods In this study, the MI-induced mouse mode, hypoxia-treated H9C2 cells model, and hypoxia-treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) model were constructed. Echocardiography and histological analysis were adopted to evaluate the morphology and function of the heart at the whole heart level. Western blot was adopted to determine the related expression level of signaling pathway proteins and mitochondria. Mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress were detected by various testing kits. Results Neuraminidase 1 was markedly upregulated in MI cardiac tissue. Cardiomyocyte-specific NEU1 deficiency restored cardiac function, cardiac hypertrophy, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis. What is more, cardiomyocyte-specific NEU1 deficiency inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by MI. Further experiments found that the sirtuin-1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (SIRT1/PGC-1α) protein level in MI myocardium was down-regulated, which was closely related to the above-mentioned mitochondrial changes. Cardiomyocyte-specific NEU1 deficiency increased the expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM); which improved mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress. Inhibition of SIRT1 activity or PGC-1α activity eliminated the beneficial effects of cardiomyocyte-specific NEU1 deficiency. PGC-1α knockout mice experiments verified that NEU1 inhibition restored cardiac function induced by MI through SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Conclusion Cardiomyocyte-specific NEU1 deficiency can alleviate MI-induced myocardial remodeling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder. In terms of mechanism, the specific deletion of NEU1 may play a role by enhancing the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Therefore, cardiomyocyte-specific NEU1 may provide an alternative treatment strategy for heart failure post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Min-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qi-Zhu Tang
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16
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Biallelic Variants in ENDOG Associated with Mitochondrial Myopathy and Multiple mtDNA Deletions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060974. [PMID: 35326425 PMCID: PMC8946636 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Endonuclease G (ENDOG) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial-localized nuclease. Although its precise biological function remains unclear, its proximity to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) makes it an excellent candidate to participate in mtDNA replication, metabolism and maintenance. Indeed, several roles for ENDOG have been hypothesized, including maturation of RNA primers during mtDNA replication, splicing of polycistronic transcripts and mtDNA repair. To date, ENDOG has been deemed as a determinant of cardiac hypertrophy, but no pathogenic variants or genetically defined patients linked to this gene have been described. Here, we report biallelic ENDOG variants identified by NGS in a patient with progressive external ophthalmoplegia, mitochondrial myopathy and multiple mtDNA deletions in muscle. The absence of the ENDOG protein in the patient’s muscle and fibroblasts indicates that the identified variants are pathogenic. The presence of multiple mtDNA deletions supports the role of ENDOG in mtDNA maintenance; moreover, the patient’s clinical presentation is very similar to mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations in other genes involved in mtDNA homeostasis. Although the patient’s fibroblasts did not present multiple mtDNA deletions or delay in the replication process, interestingly, we detected an accumulation of low-level heteroplasmy mtDNA point mutations compared with age-matched controls. This may indicate a possible role of ENDOG in mtDNA replication or repair. Our report provides evidence of the association of ENDOG variants with mitochondrial myopathy.
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17
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Yang D, Liu HQ, Liu FY, Guo Z, An P, Wang MY, Yang Z, Fan D, Tang QZ. Mitochondria in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy Research and Therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:822969. [PMID: 35118147 PMCID: PMC8804293 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.822969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy, a stereotypic cardiac response to increased workload, ultimately progresses to severe contractile dysfunction and uncompensated heart failure without appropriate intervention. Sustained cardiac overload inevitably results in high energy consumption, thus breaking the balance between mitochondrial energy supply and cardiac energy demand. In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The significant alterations in mitochondrial energetics and mitochondrial proteome composition, as well as the altered expression of transcripts that have an impact on mitochondrial structure and function, may contribute to the initiation and progression of cardiac hypertrophy. This article presents a summary review of the morphological and functional changes of mitochondria during the hypertrophic response, followed by an overview of the latest research progress on the significant modulatory roles of mitochondria in cardiac hypertrophy. Our article is also to summarize the strategies of mitochondria-targeting as therapeutic targets to treat cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Di Fan
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
- Qi-Zhu Tang
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18
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Pravenec M, Šilhavý J, Mlejnek P, Šimáková M, Mráček T, Pecinová A, Tauchmannová K, Hütl M, Malínská H, Kazdová L, Neckář J, Kolář F, Žurmanová J, Novotný J, Houštěk J. Conplastic strains for identification of retrograde effects of mitochondrial dna variation on cardiometabolic traits in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Physiol Res 2021; 70:S471-S484. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial retrograde signaling is a pathway of communication from mitochondria to the nucleus. Recently, natural mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) polymorphisms (haplogroups) received increasing attention in the pathophysiology of human common diseases. However, retrograde effects of mtDNA variants on such traits are difficult to study in humans. The conplastic strains represent key animal models to elucidate regulatory roles of mtDNA haplogroups on defined nuclear genome background. To analyze the relationship between mtDNA variants and cardiometabolic traits, we derived a set of rat conplastic strains (SHR-mtBN, SHR-mtF344 and SHR-mtLEW), harboring all major mtDNA haplotypes present in common inbred strains on the nuclear background of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The BN, F344 and LEW mtDNA differ from the SHR in multiple amino acid substitutions in protein coding genes and also in variants of tRNA and rRNA genes. Different mtDNA haplotypes were found to predispose to various sets of cardiometabolic phenotypes which provided evidence for significant retrograde effects of mtDNA in the SHR. In the future, these animals could be used to decipher individual biochemical components involved in the retrograde signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Houštěk
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic. ,
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19
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Chen WJ, Cheng Y, Li W, Dong XK, Wei JL, Yang CH, Jiang YH. Quercetin Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction Through SIRT3/PARP-1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:739615. [PMID: 34776960 PMCID: PMC8581039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.739615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an important characteristic in the development of hypertensive heart disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathology of cardiac hypertrophy. Recent studies have shown that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) pathway modulation inhibits cardiac hypertrophy. Quercetin, a natural flavonol agent, has been reported to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy. However, the molecular mechanism is not completely elucidated. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism underlying the protective effect of quercetin on cardiac hypertrophy. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with quercetin (20 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks to evaluate the effects of quercetin on blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy. Additionally, the mitochondrial protective effect of quercetin was assessed in H9c2 cells treated with Ang II. SHRs displayed aggravated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, which were attenuated by quercetin treatment. Quercetin also improved cardiac function, reduced mitochondrial superoxide and protected mitochondrial structure in vivo. In vitro, Ang II increased the mRNA level of hypertrophic markers including atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), whereas quercetin ameliorated this hypertrophic response. Moreover, quercetin prevented mitochondrial function against Ang II induction. Importantly, mitochondrial protection and PARP-1 inhibition by quercetin were partly abolished after SIRT3 knockdown. Our results suggested that quercetin protected mitochondrial function by modulating SIRT3/PARP-1 pathway, contributing to the inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Dong
- Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Liang Wei
- Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuan-Hua Yang
- Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Hua Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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20
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The effects of real and simulated microgravity on cellular mitochondrial function. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:44. [PMID: 34750383 PMCID: PMC8575887 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronauts returning from space shuttle missions or the International Space Station have been diagnosed with various health problems such as bone demineralization, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular deconditioning, and vestibular and sensory imbalance including visual acuity, altered metabolic and nutritional status, and immune system dysregulation. These health issues are associated with oxidative stress caused by a microgravity environment. Mitochondria are a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the molecular mechanisms through which mitochondria produce ROS in a microgravity environment remain unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the mechanism through which microgravity induces oxidative damage in mitochondria by evaluating the expression of genes and proteins, as well as relevant metabolic pathways. In general, microgravity-induced ROS reduce mitochondrial volume by mainly affecting the efficiency of the respiratory chain and metabolic pathways. The impaired respiratory chain is thought to generate ROS through premature electron leakage in the electron transport chain. The imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defense in mitochondria is the main cause of mitochondrial stress and damage, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, we discuss the effects of antioxidants against oxidative stress caused by the microgravity environment space microgravity in together with simulated microgravity (i.e., spaceflight or ground-based spaceflight analogs: parabolic flight, centrifugal force, drop towers, etc.). Further studies should be taken to explore the effects of microgravity on mitochondrial stress-related diseases, especially for the development of new therapeutic drugs that can help increase the health of astronauts on long space missions.
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21
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Neckář J, Alánová P, Olejníčková V, Papoušek F, Hejnová L, Šilhavý J, Behuliak M, Bencze M, Hrdlička J, Vecka M, Jarkovská D, Švíglerová J, Mistrová E, Štengl M, Novotný J, Ošťádal B, Pravenec M, Kolář F. Excess ischemic tachyarrhythmias trigger protection against myocardial infarction in hypertensive rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2143-2163. [PMID: 34486670 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased level of C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and hypertension. Here, we analyzed the effects of CRP overexpression on cardiac susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) expressing human CRP transgene (SHR-CRP). Using an in vivo model of coronary artery occlusion, we found that transgenic expression of CRP predisposed SHR-CRP to repeated and prolonged ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Excessive ischemic arrhythmias in SHR-CRP led to a significant reduction in infarct size (IS) compared with SHR. The proarrhythmic phenotype in SHR-CRP was associated with altered heart and plasma eicosanoids, myocardial composition of fatty acids (FAs) in phospholipids, and autonomic nervous system imbalance before ischemia. To explain unexpected IS-limiting effect in SHR-CRP, we performed metabolomic analysis of plasma before and after ischemia. We also determined cardiac ischemic tolerance in hearts subjected to remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPer) and in hearts ex vivo. Acute ischemia in SHR-CRP markedly increased plasma levels of multiple potent cardioprotective molecules that could reduce IS at reperfusion. RIPer provided IS-limiting effect in SHR that was comparable with myocardial infarction observed in naïve SHR-CRP. In hearts ex vivo, IS did not differ between the strains, suggesting that extra-cardiac factors play a crucial role in protection. Our study shows that transgenic expression of human CRP predisposes SHR-CRP to excess ischemic ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with a drop of pump function that triggers myocardial salvage against lethal I/R injury likely mediated by protective substances released to blood from hypoxic organs and tissue at reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Neckář
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Alánová
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Olejníčková
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Papoušek
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hejnová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Laboratory of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bencze
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrdlička
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Jarkovská
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Švíglerová
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Mistrová
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Štengl
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Ošťádal
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Laboratory of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Dahal S, Siddiqua H, Katapadi VK, Iyer D, Raghavan SC. Characterization of G4 DNA formation in mitochondrial DNA and their potential role in mitochondrial genome instability. FEBS J 2021; 289:163-182. [PMID: 34228888 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria possess their own genome which can be replicated independently of nuclear DNA. Mitochondria being the powerhouse of the cell produce reactive oxygen species, due to which the mitochondrial genome is frequently exposed to oxidative damage. Previous studies have demonstrated an association of mitochondrial deletions to aging and human disorders. Many of these deletions were present adjacent to non-B DNA structures. Thus, we investigate noncanonical structures associated with instability in mitochondrial genome. In silico studies revealed the presence of > 100 G-quadruplex motifs (of which 5 have the potential to form 3-plate G4 DNA), 23 inverted repeats, and 3 mirror repeats in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Further analysis revealed that among the deletion breakpoints from patients with mitochondrial disorders, majority are located at G4 DNA motifs. Interestingly, ~ 50% of the deletions were at base-pair positions 8271-8281, ~ 35% were due to deletion at 12362-12384, and ~ 12% due to deletion at 15516-15545. Formation of 3-plate G-quadruplex DNA structures at mitochondrial fragile regions was characterized using electromobility shift assay, circular dichroism (CD), and Taq polymerase stop assay. All 5 regions could fold into both intramolecular and intermolecular G-quadruplex structures in a KCl-dependent manner. G4 DNA formation was in parallel orientation, which was abolished in the presence of LiCl. The formation of G4 DNA affected both replication and transcription. Finally, immunolocalization of BG4 with MitoTracker confirmed the formation of G-quadruplex in mitochondrial genome. Thus, we characterize the formation of 5 different G-quadruplex structures in human mitochondrial region, which may contribute toward formation of mitochondrial deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Dahal
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Humaira Siddiqua
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vijeth K Katapadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Divyaanka Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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23
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Cho Y, Tachibana S, Lam K, Arita Y, Khosrowjerdi S, Zhang O, Liang A, Li R, Andreyev A, Murphy AN, Ross RS. Perm1 promotes cardiomyocyte mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced damage in mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100825. [PMID: 34029594 PMCID: PMC8214196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal contractile function of the heart depends on a constant and reliable production of ATP by cardiomyocytes. Dysregulation of cardiac energy metabolism can result in immature heart development and disrupt the ability of the adult myocardium to adapt to stress, potentially leading to heart failure. Further, restoration of abnormal mitochondrial function can have beneficial effects on cardiac dysfunction. Previously, we identified a novel protein termed Perm1 (PGC-1 and estrogen-related receptor (ERR)-induced regulator, muscle 1) that is enriched in skeletal and cardiac-muscle mitochondria and transcriptionally regulated by PGC-1 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1) and ERR. The role of Perm1 in the heart is poorly understood and is studied here. We utilized cell culture, mouse models, and human tissue, to study its expression and transcriptional control, as well as its role in transcription of other factors. Critically, we tested Perm1's role in cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function and its ability to protect myocytes from stress-induced damage. Our studies show that Perm1 expression increases throughout mouse cardiogenesis, demonstrate that Perm1 interacts with PGC-1α and enhances activation of PGC-1 and ERR, increases mitochondrial DNA copy number, and augments oxidative capacity in cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we found that Perm1 reduced cellular damage produced as a result of hypoxia and reoxygenation-induced stress and mitigated cell death of cardiomyocytes. Taken together, our results show that Perm1 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in mouse cardiomyocytes. Future studies can assess the potential of Perm1 to be used as a novel therapeutic to restore cardiac dysfunction induced by ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Cho
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California, USA.
| | - Shizuko Tachibana
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kayla Lam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yoh Arita
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shamim Khosrowjerdi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Oliver Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alex Liang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ruixia Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aleksander Andreyev
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California, USA
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24
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Witte F, Ruiz-Orera J, Mattioli CC, Blachut S, Adami E, Schulz JF, Schneider-Lunitz V, Hummel O, Patone G, Mücke MB, Šilhavý J, Heinig M, Bottolo L, Sanchis D, Vingron M, Chekulaeva M, Pravenec M, Hubner N, van Heesch S. A trans locus causes a ribosomopathy in hypertrophic hearts that affects mRNA translation in a protein length-dependent fashion. Genome Biol 2021; 22:191. [PMID: 34183069 PMCID: PMC8240307 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the impact of trans-acting genetic variation on the rates with which proteins are synthesized by ribosomes. Here, we investigate the influence of such distant genetic loci on the efficiency of mRNA translation and define their contribution to the development of complex disease phenotypes within a panel of rat recombinant inbred lines. RESULTS We identify several tissue-specific master regulatory hotspots that each control the translation rates of multiple proteins. One of these loci is restricted to hypertrophic hearts, where it drives a translatome-wide and protein length-dependent change in translational efficiency, altering the stoichiometric translation rates of sarcomere proteins. Mechanistic dissection of this locus across multiple congenic lines points to a translation machinery defect, characterized by marked differences in polysome profiles and misregulation of the small nucleolar RNA SNORA48. Strikingly, from yeast to humans, we observe reproducible protein length-dependent shifts in translational efficiency as a conserved hallmark of translation machinery mutants, including those that cause ribosomopathies. Depending on the factor mutated, a pre-existing negative correlation between protein length and translation rates could either be enhanced or reduced, which we propose to result from mRNA-specific imbalances in canonical translation initiation and reinitiation rates. CONCLUSIONS We show that distant genetic control of mRNA translation is abundant in mammalian tissues, exemplified by a single genomic locus that triggers a translation-driven molecular mechanism. Our work illustrates the complexity through which genetic variation can drive phenotypic variability between individuals and thereby contribute to complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Witte
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Present Address: NUVISAN ICB GmbH, Lead Discovery-Structrual Biology, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Ruiz-Orera
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camilla Ciolli Mattioli
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Susanne Blachut
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Present Address: Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jana Felicitas Schulz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valentin Schneider-Lunitz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Hummel
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giannino Patone
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Benedikt Mücke
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4, 142 20, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Heinig
- Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Department of Informatics, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo Bottolo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, NW1 2DB, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Daniel Sanchis
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Universitat de Lleida, Edifici Biomedicina-I. Av. Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Martin Vingron
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Chekulaeva
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4, 142 20, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastiaan van Heesch
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Present Address: The Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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25
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Eberle J, Wiehe RS, Gole B, Mattis LJ, Palmer A, Ständker L, Forssmann WG, Münch J, Gebhardt JCM, Wiesmüller L. A Fibrinogen Alpha Fragment Mitigates Chemotherapy-Induced MLL Rearrangements. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689063. [PMID: 34222016 PMCID: PMC8249925 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements in the Mixed Lineage Leukemia breakpoint cluster region (MLLbcr) are frequently involved in therapy-induced leukemia, a severe side effect of anti-cancer therapies. Previous work unraveled Endonuclease G as the critical nuclease causing initial breakage in the MLLbcr in response to different types of chemotherapeutic treatment. To identify peptides protecting against therapy-induced leukemia, we screened a hemofiltrate-derived peptide library by use of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-based chromosomal reporter of MLLbcr rearrangements. Chromatographic purification of one active fraction and subsequent mass spectrometry allowed to isolate a C-terminal 27-mer of fibrinogen α encompassing amino acids 603 to 629. The chemically synthesized peptide, termed Fα27, inhibited MLLbcr rearrangements in immortalized hematopoietic cells following treatment with the cytostatics etoposide or doxorubicin. We also provide evidence for protection of primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from therapy-induced MLLbcr breakage. Of note, fibrinogen has been described to activate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Dissecting the Fα27 mode-of action revealed association of the peptide with TLR4 in an antagonistic fashion affecting downstream NFκB signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In conclusion, we identified a hemofiltrate-derived peptide inhibitor of the genome destabilizing events causing secondary leukemia in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Eberle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Boris Gole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Liska Jule Mattis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Palmer
- Department of Physics, Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolf-Georg Forssmann
- Pharis Biotec GmbH and Peptide Research Group, Institute of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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26
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Basnakian AG, Moore CL. Apoptotic DNase network: Mutual induction and cooperation among apoptotic endonucleases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6496-6499. [PMID: 34085765 PMCID: PMC8278086 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA fragmentation produced by apoptotic DNases (endonucleases) leads to irreversible cell death. Although apoptotic DNases are simultaneously induced following toxic/oxidative cell injury and/or failed DNA repair, the study of DNases in apoptosis has generally been reductionist in approach, focusing on individual DNases rather than their possible cooperativity. Coordinated induction of DNases would require a mechanism of communication; however, mutual DNase induction or activation of DNases by enzymatic or non‐enzymatic mechanisms is not currently recognized. The evidence presented in this review suggests apoptotic DNases operate in a network in which members induce each other through the DNA breaks they produce. With DNA breaks being a common communicator among DNases, it would be logical to propose that DNA breaks from other sources such as oxidative DNA damage or actions of DNA repair endonucleases and DNA topoisomerases may also serve as triggers for a cooperative DNase feedback loop leading to elevated DNA fragmentation and subsequent cell death. Therefore, mutual induction of apoptotic DNases has serious implications for studies focused on activation or inhibition of specific DNases as a strategy for therapeutic intervention aimed at modulation of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei G Basnakian
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
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27
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Takeuchi F, Liang YQ, Isono M, Tajima M, Cui ZH, Iizuka Y, Gotoda T, Nabika T, Kato N. Integrative genomic analysis of blood pressure and related phenotypes in rats. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048090. [PMID: 34010951 PMCID: PMC8188887 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress made in human genome-wide association studies, there remains a substantial gap between statistical evidence for genetic associations and functional comprehension of the underlying mechanisms governing these associations. As a means of bridging this gap, we performed genomic analysis of blood pressure (BP) and related phenotypes in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their substrain, stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP), both of which are unique genetic models of severe hypertension and cardiovascular complications. By integrating whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome profiling, genome-wide linkage scans (maximum n=1415), fine congenic mapping (maximum n=8704), pharmacological intervention and comparative analysis with transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) datasets, we searched causal genes and causal pathways for the tested traits. The overall results validated the polygenic architecture of elevated BP compared with a non-hypertensive control strain, Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY); e.g. inter-strain BP differences between SHRSP and WKY could be largely explained by an aggregate of BP changes in seven SHRSP-derived consomic strains. We identified 26 potential target genes, including rat homologs of human TWAS loci, for the tested traits. In this study, we re-discovered 18 genes that had previously been determined to contribute to hypertension or cardiovascular phenotypes. Notably, five of these genes belong to the kallikrein-kinin/renin-angiotensin systems (KKS/RAS), in which the most prominent differential expression between hypertensive and non-hypertensive alleles could be detected in rat Klk1 paralogs. In combination with a pharmacological intervention, we provide in vivo experimental evidence supporting the presence of key disease pathways, such as KKS/RAS, in a rat polygenic hypertension model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yi-Qiang Liang
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Masato Isono
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Michiko Tajima
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Zong Hu Cui
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-0021, Japan
| | - Yoko Iizuka
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takanari Gotoda
- Department of Metabolism and Biochemistry, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-0021, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
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28
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AKT2 regulates development and metabolic homeostasis via AMPK-depedent pathway in skeletal muscle. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2381-2398. [PMID: 32880392 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is responsible for the majority of glucose disposal in the body. Insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle accounts for 85-90% of the impairment of total glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanism remains controversial. The present study aims to investigate whether AKT2 deficiency causes deficits in skeletal muscle development and metabolism, we analyzed the expression of molecules related to skeletal muscle development, glucose uptake and metabolism in mice of 3- and 8-months old. We found that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) A (MEF2A) expression were down-regulated in AKT2 knockout (KO) mice, which can be inverted by AMPK activation. We also observed reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance and reduced expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle of AKT2 KO mice, which was prevented by AMPK activation. Moreover, AKT2 KO mice exhibited impaired AMPK signaling in response to insulin stimulation compared with WT mice. Our study establishes a new and important function of AKT2 in regulating skeletal muscle development and glucose metabolism via AMPK-dependent signaling.
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29
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Santa P, Garreau A, Serpas L, Ferriere A, Blanco P, Soni C, Sisirak V. The Role of Nucleases and Nucleic Acid Editing Enzymes in the Regulation of Self-Nucleic Acid Sensing. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629922. [PMID: 33717156 PMCID: PMC7952454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of microbial nucleic acids by the innate immune system is mediated by numerous intracellular nucleic acids sensors. Upon the detection of nucleic acids these sensors induce the production of inflammatory cytokines, and thus play a crucial role in the activation of anti-microbial immunity. In addition to microbial genetic material, nucleic acid sensors can also recognize self-nucleic acids exposed extracellularly during turn-over of cells, inefficient efferocytosis, or intracellularly upon mislocalization. Safeguard mechanisms have evolved to dispose of such self-nucleic acids to impede the development of autoinflammatory and autoimmune responses. These safeguard mechanisms involve nucleases that are either specific to DNA (DNases) or RNA (RNases) as well as nucleic acid editing enzymes, whose biochemical properties, expression profiles, functions and mechanisms of action will be detailed in this review. Fully elucidating the role of these enzymes in degrading and/or processing of self-nucleic acids to thwart their immunostimulatory potential is of utmost importance to develop novel therapeutic strategies for patients affected by inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Santa
- CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Garreau
- CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lee Serpas
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Patrick Blanco
- CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
- Immunology and Immunogenetic Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vanja Sisirak
- CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
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30
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Wang W, Li J, Tan J, Wang M, Yang J, Zhang ZM, Li C, Basnakian AG, Tang HW, Perrimon N, Zhou Q. Endonuclease G promotes autophagy by suppressing mTOR signaling and activating the DNA damage response. Nat Commun 2021; 12:476. [PMID: 33473107 PMCID: PMC7817833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endonuclease G (ENDOG), a mitochondrial nuclease, is known to participate in many cellular processes, including apoptosis and paternal mitochondrial elimination, while its role in autophagy remains unclear. Here, we report that ENDOG released from mitochondria promotes autophagy during starvation, which we find to be evolutionally conserved across species by performing experiments in human cell lines, mice, Drosophila and C. elegans. Under starvation, Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta-mediated phosphorylation of ENDOG at Thr-128 and Ser-288 enhances its interaction with 14-3-3γ, which leads to the release of Tuberin (TSC2) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (Vps34) from 14-3-3γ, followed by mTOR pathway suppression and autophagy initiation. Alternatively, ENDOG activates DNA damage response and triggers autophagy through its endonuclease activity. Our results demonstrate that ENDOG is a crucial regulator of autophagy, manifested by phosphorylation-mediated interaction with 14-3-3γ, and its endonuclease activity-mediated DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.,Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Junyang Tan
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Chuanzhou Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Alexei G Basnakian
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Tang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China. .,Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China. .,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
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31
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Wu CC, Lin JL, Yuan HS. Structures, Mechanisms, and Functions of His-Me Finger Nucleases. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:935-946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Blasco N, Beà A, Barés G, Girón C, Navaridas R, Irazoki A, López-Lluch G, Zorzano A, Dolcet X, Llovera M, Sanchis D. Involvement of the mitochondrial nuclease EndoG in the regulation of cell proliferation through the control of reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101736. [PMID: 33032073 PMCID: PMC7552104 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptotic nuclease EndoG is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication. Previous results suggested that, in addition to regulate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, EndoG could be involved in cell proliferation. Here, by using in vivo and cell culture models, we investigated the role of EndoG in cell proliferation. Genetic deletion of Endog both in vivo and in cultured cells or Endog silencing in vitro induced a defect in rodent and human cell proliferation with a tendency of cells to accumulate in the G1 phase of cell cycle and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The defect in cell proliferation occurred with a decrease in the activity of the AKT/PKB-GSK-3β-Cyclin D axis and was reversed by addition of ROS scavengers. EndoG deficiency did not affect the expression of ROS detoxifying enzymes, nor the expression of the electron transport chain complexes and oxygen consumption rate. Addition of the micropeptide Humanin to EndoG-deficient cells restored AKT phosphorylation and proliferation without lowering ROS levels. Thus, our results show that EndoG is important for cell proliferation through the control of ROS and that Humanin can restore cell division in EndoG-deficient cells and counteracts the effects of ROS on AKT phosphorylation. Reduced expression of the mitochondrial nuclease EndoG induces ROS production. EndoG deficiency hampers cell proliferation through ROS-dependent signaling. Increased ROS in EndoG-deficient cells limits the Akt/Gsk3/cyclin axis activity. Humanin sustains proliferation despite high ROS levels induced by Endog deficiency. Romo-1 deficiency reduces cell proliferation independently of EndoG and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Blasco
- Cell Signaling & Apoptosis Group. Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Aida Beà
- Cell Signaling & Apoptosis Group. Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Gisel Barés
- Cell Signaling & Apoptosis Group. Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Cristina Girón
- Cell Signaling & Apoptosis Group. Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Raúl Navaridas
- Oncologic Pathology Group. Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, 25198, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Andrea Irazoki
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) & CIBERDEM & Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Andalusian Center of Developmental Biology, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, 41013, CIBERER, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) & CIBERDEM & Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Oncologic Pathology Group. Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, 25198, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Marta Llovera
- Cell Signaling & Apoptosis Group. Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanchis
- Cell Signaling & Apoptosis Group. Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain.
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Szpirer C. Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:84. [PMID: 32741357 PMCID: PMC7395987 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rat has been used for a long time as the model of choice in several biomedical disciplines. Numerous inbred strains have been isolated, displaying a wide range of phenotypes and providing many models of human traits and diseases. Rat genome mapping and genomics was considerably developed in the last decades. The availability of these resources has stimulated numerous studies aimed at discovering causal disease genes by positional identification. Numerous rat genes have now been identified that underlie monogenic or complex diseases and remarkably, these results have been translated to the human in a significant proportion of cases, leading to the identification of novel human disease susceptibility genes, helping in studying the mechanisms underlying the pathological abnormalities and also suggesting new therapeutic approaches. In addition, reverse genetic tools have been developed. Several genome-editing methods were introduced to generate targeted mutations in genes the function of which could be clarified in this manner [generally these are knockout mutations]. Furthermore, even when the human gene causing a disease had been identified without resorting to a rat model, mutated rat strains (in particular KO strains) were created to analyze the gene function and the disease pathogenesis. Today, over 350 rat genes have been identified as underlying diseases or playing a key role in critical biological processes that are altered in diseases, thereby providing a rich resource of disease models. This article is an update of the progress made in this research and provides the reader with an inventory of these disease genes, a significant number of which have similar effects in rat and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Szpirer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
- , Waterloo, Belgium.
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Kadam A, Mehta D, Jubin T, Mansuri MS, Begum R. Apoptosis inducing factor: Cellular protective function in Dictyostelium discoideum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148158. [PMID: 31991113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF), a nuclear encoded mitochondrial inter-membrane space flavoprotein with intrinsic NADH oxidase activity, plays an important role in inducing cell death mechanisms. In response to cell death signals, it undergoes mitochondrio-nuclear translocation leading to DNA fragmentation. In addition to its role in cell death, AIF has a pro-survival role, wherein it contributes to the maintenance of mitochondrial structure and function in a coordinated manner. However, its exact mechanism of controlling mitochondrial homeostasis is unclear. The current study aims to explore the protective functions of AIF by its downregulation and overexpression in Dictyostelium discoideum. Constitutive AIF downregulated (dR) cells exhibited compromised oxidative phosphorylation along with elevated levels of cellular ROS. Interestingly, constitutive AIF dR cells showed amelioration in the activity of the ETC complexes upon antioxidant treatment, strengthening AIF's role as an ROS regulator, by virtue of its oxidoreductase property. Also, constitutive AIF dR cells showed lower transcript levels of the various subunits of ETC. Moreover, loss of AIF affected mtDNA content and mitochondrial fusion-fission mechanism, which subsequently caused morphometric mitochondrial alterations. Constitutive AIF overexpressed (OE) cells also showed higher cellular ROS and mitochondrial fission genes transcript levels along with reduced mitochondrial fusion genes transcript levels and mtDNA content. Thus, the results of the current study provide a paradigm where AIF is implicated in cell survival by maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetics, morphology and fusion-fission mechanism in D. discoideum, an evolutionarily significant model organism for mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Darshan Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Tina Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India.
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Wang J, Li S, Wang J, Wu F, Chen Y, Zhang H, Guo Y, Lin Y, Li L, Yu X, Liu T, Zhao Y. Spermidine alleviates cardiac aging by improving mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:650-671. [PMID: 31907336 PMCID: PMC6977682 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines have been shown to delay cellular and organismal aging and to provide cardiovascular protection in humans. Because age-related cardiovascular dysfunction is often accompanied by impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and function, we explored the ability of spermidine (SPD), a major mammalian polyamine, to attenuate cardiac aging through activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Cardiac polyamine levels were reduced in aged (24-month-old) rats. Six-week SPD supplementation restored cardiac polyamine content, preserved myocardial ultrastructure, and inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction. Immunoblotting showed that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and SPD/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the myocardium of older rats. These changes were paralleled by age-dependent downregulation of components of the sirtuin-1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator alpha (SIRT1/PGC-1α) signaling pathway, an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. SPD administration increased SIRT1, PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF1, NRF2), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression; decreased ROS production; and improved OXPHOS performance in senescent (H2O2-treated) cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis or SIRT1 activity abolished these effects. PGC-1α knockdown experiments confirmed that SPD activated mitochondrial biogenesis through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of PGC-1α. These data provide new insight into the antiaging effects of SPD, and suggest potential applicability to protect against deterioration of cardiac function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Technology, Beijing Health Vocational College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yubo Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lingxu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Kim J, Gupta R, Blanco LP, Yang S, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Wang K, Zhu J, Yoon HE, Wang X, Kerkhofs M, Kang H, Brown AL, Park SJ, Xu X, Zandee van Rilland E, Kim MK, Cohen JI, Kaplan MJ, Shoshan-Barmatz V, Chung JH. VDAC oligomers form mitochondrial pores to release mtDNA fragments and promote lupus-like disease. Science 2019; 366:1531-1536. [PMID: 31857488 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial stress releases mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytosol, thereby triggering the type Ι interferon (IFN) response. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, which is required for mtDNA release, has been extensively studied in apoptotic cells, but little is known about its role in live cells. We found that oxidatively stressed mitochondria release short mtDNA fragments via pores formed by the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) oligomers in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Furthermore, the positively charged residues in the N-terminal domain of VDAC1 interact with mtDNA, promoting VDAC1 oligomerization. The VDAC oligomerization inhibitor VBIT-4 decreases mtDNA release, IFN signaling, neutrophil extracellular traps, and disease severity in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Thus, inhibiting VDAC oligomerization is a potential therapeutic approach for diseases associated with mtDNA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghan Kim
- Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Luz P Blanco
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Shutong Yang
- Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- Department of Life Sciences and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Kening Wang
- Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hee Eun Yoon
- Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xinghao Wang
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | | | - Hyeog Kang
- Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra L Brown
- Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sung-Jun Park
- Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xihui Xu
- Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eddy Zandee van Rilland
- Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Myung K Kim
- Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Jay H Chung
- Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Sáez ME, González-Pérez A, Hernández-Olasagarre B, Beà A, Moreno-Grau S, de Rojas I, Monté-Rubio G, Orellana A, Valero S, Comella JX, Sanchís D, Ruiz A. Genome Wide Meta-Analysis identifies common genetic signatures shared by heart function and Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16665. [PMID: 31723151 PMCID: PMC6853976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Echocardiography has become an indispensable tool for the study of heart performance, improving the monitoring of individuals with cardiac diseases. Diverse genetic factors associated with echocardiographic measures have been previously reported. The impact of several apoptotic genes in heart development identified in experimental models prompted us to assess their potential association with human cardiac function. This study aimed at investigating the possible association of variants of apoptotic genes with echocardiographic traits and to identify new genetic markers associated with cardiac function. Genome wide data from different studies were obtained from public repositories. After quality control and imputation, a meta-analysis of individual association study results was performed. Our results confirmed the role of caspases and other apoptosis related genes with cardiac phenotypes. Moreover, enrichment analysis showed an over-representation of genes, including some apoptotic regulators, associated with Alzheimer's disease. We further explored this unexpected observation which was confirmed by genetic correlation analyses. Our findings show the association of apoptotic gene variants with echocardiographic indicators of heart function and reveal a novel potential genetic link between echocardiographic measures in healthy populations and cognitive decline later on in life. These findings may have important implications for preventative strategies combating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Sáez
- Andalusian Bioinformatics Research Centre (CAEBi), Seville, Spain
| | - A González-Pérez
- Andalusian Bioinformatics Research Centre (CAEBi), Seville, Spain
| | - B Hernández-Olasagarre
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Beà
- Universitat de Lleida - IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - S Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - I de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Monté-Rubio
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Valero
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - J X Comella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari de la Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Sanchís
- Universitat de Lleida - IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - A Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031, Madrid, Spain.
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Wierzbicki MP, Christie N, Pinard D, Mansfield SD, Mizrachi E, Myburg AA. A systems genetics analysis in Eucalyptus reveals coordination of metabolic pathways associated with xylan modification in wood-forming tissues. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1952-1972. [PMID: 31144333 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl- and methylglucuronic acid decorations of xylan, the dominant hemicellulose in secondary cell walls (SCWs) of woody dicots, affect its interaction with cellulose and lignin to determine SCW structure and extractability. Genes and pathways involved in these modifications may be targets for genetic engineering; however, little is known about the regulation of xylan modifications in woody plants. To address this, we assessed genetic and gene expression variation associated with xylan modification in developing xylem of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla interspecific hybrids. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping identified potential regulatory polymorphisms affecting gene expression modules associated with xylan modification. We identified 14 putative xylan modification genes that are members of five expression modules sharing seven trans-eQTL hotspots. The xylan modification genes are prevalent in two expression modules. The first comprises nucleotide sugar interconversion pathways supplying the essential precursors for cellulose and xylan biosynthesis. The second contains genes responsible for phenylalanine biosynthesis and S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis required for glucuronic acid and monolignol methylation. Co-expression and co-regulation analyses also identified four metabolic sources of acetyl coenxyme A that appear to be transcriptionally coordinated with xylan modification. Our systems genetics analysis may provide new avenues for metabolic engineering to alter wood SCW biology for enhanced biomass processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Wierzbicki
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Nanette Christie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Desré Pinard
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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Birket MJ, Raibaud S, Lettieri M, Adamson AD, Letang V, Cervello P, Redon N, Ret G, Viale S, Wang B, Biton B, Guillemot JC, Mikol V, Leonard JP, Hanley NA, Orsini C, Itier JM. A Human Stem Cell Model of Fabry Disease Implicates LIMP-2 Accumulation in Cardiomyocyte Pathology. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:380-393. [PMID: 31378672 PMCID: PMC6700557 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we have used patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and gene-editing technology to study the cardiac-related molecular and functional consequences of mutations in GLA causing the lysosomal storage disorder Fabry disease (FD), for which heart dysfunction is a major cause of mortality. Our in vitro model recapitulated clinical data with FD cardiomyocytes accumulating GL-3 and displaying an increased excitability, with altered electrophysiology and calcium handling. Quantitative proteomics enabled the identification of >5,500 proteins in the cardiomyocyte proteome and secretome, and revealed accumulation of the lysosomal protein LIMP-2 and secretion of cathepsin F and HSPA2/HSP70-2 in FD. Genetic correction reversed these changes. Overexpression of LIMP-2 directly induced the secretion of cathepsin F and HSPA2/HSP70-2, implying causative relationship, and led to massive vacuole accumulation. In summary, our study has revealed potential new cardiac biomarkers for FD, and provides valuable mechanistic insight into the earliest pathological events in FD cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Birket
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Sanofi, 13 quai Jules Guesdes, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Sophie Raibaud
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Miriam Lettieri
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Antony D Adamson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Valerie Letang
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Pauline Cervello
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Nicolas Redon
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Gwenaelle Ret
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Sanofi, 13 quai Jules Guesdes, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sandra Viale
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Sanofi, 13 quai Jules Guesdes, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bing Wang
- Sanofi, GBD-Analytical R&D, 211 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Bruno Biton
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemot
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Vincent Mikol
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - John P Leonard
- Sanofi, Rare Disease Science Unit, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Neil A Hanley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Endocrinology Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9WU, UK
| | - Cecile Orsini
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Sanofi, 13 quai Jules Guesdes, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Michel Itier
- Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Sanofi, 13 quai Jules Guesdes, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
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Baliga NS, Björkegren JLM, Boeke JD, Boutros M, Crawford NPS, Dudley AM, Farber CR, Jones A, Levey AI, Lusis AJ, Mak HC, Nadeau JH, Noyes MB, Petretto E, Seyfried NT, Steinmetz LM, Vonesch SC. The State of Systems Genetics in 2017. Cell Syst 2019; 4:7-15. [PMID: 28125793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell Systems invited 16 experts to share their views on the field of systems genetics. In questions repeated in the headings, we asked them to define systems genetics, highlight its relevance to researchers outside the field, discuss what makes a strong systems genetics paper, and paint a picture of where the field is heading in the coming years. Their responses, ordered by the journal but otherwise unedited, make it clear that deciphering genotype to phenotype relationships is a central challenge of systems genetics and will require understanding how networks and higher-order properties of biological systems underlie complex traits. In addition, our experts illuminate the applications and relevance of systems genetics to human disease, the gut microbiome, development of tools that connect the global research community, sustainability, drug discovery, patient-specific disease and network models, and personalized treatments. Finally, a table of suggested reading provides a sample of influential work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vascular Biology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Aimée M Dudley
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, 22908, USA
| | - Allan Jones
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics; Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - H Craig Mak
- Cell Systems, Cell Press, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph H Nadeau
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marcus B Noyes
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sibylle C Vonesch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Etehad Roodi N, Karkuki Osguei N, Hasanzadeh Daloee M, Pasdar A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns G, Samadi Kuchaksaraei A. Association of Endonuclease G Gene Variants with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 8:147-152. [PMID: 31832438 PMCID: PMC6844608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death, supporting the need for the identification of novel biomarkers as risk stratification factors. Endonuclease G (ENDOG) has recently been suggested to be a novel determinant of cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial function, and plays an important role in apoptosis processes involved in cardiac myocyte death. The aim of current study was to explore the association of two genetic variants in ENDOG gene (ENDOG) with CVD risk factors in an Iranian population. METHODS Subjects included 663 patients with CVD and 282 healthy individuals recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders Cohort Study. The ENDOG S12L (rs 2293969) and L142M (rs 61397314) variants were genotyped. Anthropometric and biochemical factors were measured in all the subjects followed by univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the association of these genetic markers with CVD and biochemical parameters. RESULTS ENDOG polymorphisms were found at a significantly higher prevalence in individuals who had histories of smoking and breaking point in L142M. In contrast, other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including lipid profile and blood pressure, showed no or very weak relationship with the ENDOG polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated an association between an ENDOG genetic variant and smoking history as a cardiovascular risk factor. Further studies in the prospective setting are warranted to investigate the value of this marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Etehad Roodi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mahdy Hasanzadeh Daloee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK.
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Deletion of protein kinase B2 preserves cardiac function by blocking interleukin-6-mediated injury and restores blood pressure during angiotensin II/high-salt-diet-induced hypertension. J Hypertens 2019; 36:834-846. [PMID: 29120957 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein kinase B2 (AKT2) is implicated in cardiomyocyte survival during various stress conditions. However, the role of AKT2 in heart function, cardiac hypertrophy and blood pressure (BP) control during hypertension is not fully understood. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the deletion of AKT2 protects cardiac function during angiotensin II/high-salt-diet (AngII/HSD) treatment and find out the signaling pathway. METHODS Male C57BL/6J (wild type), AKT2 knockout and interleukin (IL)-6 knockout mice were fed a 4% NaCl diet for 5 weeks. In the last week, mice were split in two groups and infused subcutaneously with either vehicle or AngII (1.5 μg/h per mouse) for 1 week. Then, BP and cardiac function were assessed. Immunohistology of IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 was performed to detect inflammation in the heart. Masson's trichrome staining was performed to evaluate cardiac fibrosis. Heart tissue homogenates and neonatal mice cardiomyocytes were collected to analyze oxidative stress. RESULTS Compared with wild-type mice, AKT2 knockout mice maintained BP and showed better left ventricle ejection fraction, lower level of fibrosis, reduced oxidative stress, reduced IL-6 expression and less macrophage infiltration, when treated with AngII/HSD. IL-6 knockout mice treated with AngII/HSD also showed alleviated left ventricular function, fibrosis, oxidative stress and macrophage infiltration compared with wild type. CONCLUSION AKT2 deficiency prevents the development of AngII/HSD-induced hypertension, cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury including oxidative stress, fibrosis and inflammation by suppressing IL-6 expression. These data reveal an important role of the AKT2-IL-6 pathway in mediating AngII/HSD-induced hypertension and cardiomyopathy.
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Wiehe RS, Gole B, Chatre L, Walther P, Calzia E, Ricchetti M, Wiesmüller L. Endonuclease G promotes mitochondrial genome cleavage and replication. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18309-18326. [PMID: 29719607 PMCID: PMC5915074 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endonuclease G (EndoG) is a nuclear-encoded endonuclease, mostly localised in mitochondria. In the nucleus EndoG participates in site-specific cleavage during replication stress and genome-wide DNA degradation during apoptosis. However, the impact of EndoG on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) metabolism is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether EndoG is involved in the regulation of mtDNA replication and removal of aberrant copies. We applied the single-cell mitochondrial Transcription and Replication Imaging Protocol (mTRIP) and PCR-based strategies on human cells after knockdown/knockout and re-expression of EndoG. Our analysis revealed that EndoG stimulates both mtDNA replication initiation and mtDNA depletion, the two events being interlinked and dependent on EndoG's nuclease activity. Stimulation of mtDNA replication by EndoG was independent of 7S DNA processing at the replication origin. Importantly, both mtDNA-directed activities of EndoG were promoted by oxidative stress. Inhibition of base excision repair (BER) that repairs oxidative stress-induced DNA damage unveiled a pronounced effect of EndoG on mtDNA removal, reminiscent of recently discovered links between EndoG and BER in the nucleus. Altogether with the downstream effects on mitochondrial transcription, protein expression, redox status and morphology, this study demonstrates that removal of damaged mtDNA by EndoG and compensatory replication play a critical role in mitochondria homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Gole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89075, Germany
- Present address: Centre for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, SI-2000, Slovenia
| | - Laurent Chatre
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Unit of Stem Cells and Development, CNRS UMR 3738, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Unit of Stem Cells and Development, CNRS UMR 3738, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89075, Germany
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Brown EL, Hazen BC, Eury E, Wattez JS, Gantner ML, Albert V, Chau S, Sanchez-Alavez M, Conti B, Kralli A. Estrogen-Related Receptors Mediate the Adaptive Response of Brown Adipose Tissue to Adrenergic Stimulation. iScience 2018; 2:221-237. [PMID: 29888756 PMCID: PMC5993202 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic stimulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) induces acute and long-term responses. The acute adrenergic response activates thermogenesis by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation and enabling increased substrate oxidation. Long-term, adrenergic signaling remodels BAT, inducing adaptive transcriptional changes that expand thermogenic capacity. Here, we show that the estrogen-related receptors alpha and gamma (ERRα, ERRγ) are collectively critical effectors of adrenergically stimulated transcriptional reprogramming of BAT. Mice lacking adipose ERRs (ERRαγAd−/−) have reduced oxidative and thermogenic capacity and rapidly become hypothermic when exposed to cold. ERRαγAd−/− mice treated long term with a β3-adrenergic agonist fail to expand oxidative or thermogenic capacity and do not increase energy expenditure in response to norepinephrine (NE). Furthermore, ERRαγAd−/− mice fed a high-fat diet do not lose weight or show improved glucose tolerance when dosed with β3-adrenergic agonists. The molecular basis of these defects is the finding that ERRs mediate the bulk of the transcriptional response to adrenergic stimulation. Adipose ERRs collectively control brown fat oxidative and thermogenic capacity Adipose ERRs are essential for BAT remodeling induced by β-adrenergic agonism ERRs control the bulk of the transcriptional response to adrenergic stimulation Mice that lack adipose ERRs show no metabolic benefits of β-adrenergic agonism
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Brown
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bethany C Hazen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elodie Eury
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jean-Sébastien Wattez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marin L Gantner
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Verena Albert
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sarah Chau
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Alavez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bruno Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Senoptosis: non-lethal DNA cleavage as a route to deep senescence. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30656-30671. [PMID: 28427150 PMCID: PMC5458157 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-damage-induced apoptosis and cellular senescence are perceived as two distinct cell fates. We found that after ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage the majority (up to 70 %) of senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) were subjected to controlled cleavage of DNA, resulting in the establishment of a viable and stable sub-G1 population, i.e. deeply senescent cells. We show that in senescent HDFs this DNA cleavage is triggered by modest loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, which is not sufficient to activate caspases, but strong enough to release mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG). We demonstrate that upon γ-irradiation in HDFs EndoG translocates into the nucleus playing an essential role in the non-lethal cleavage of damaged DNA. Notably, the established sub-G1 cell population does not contribute to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), however, it exhibits increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. We show that EndoG knockdown causes an increase in DNA damage, indicating a role of this enzyme in DNA repair. Thus, we conclude that IR-induced deep senescence of HDFs exhibits features of both senescence, such as cell cycle arrest and viability, and apoptosis like reduced DNA content and no SASP, and, resembles uncomplete or stalled apoptosis, a phenomenon we term senoptosis.
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Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by Endonuclease G deficiency requires reactive oxygen radicals accumulation and is inhibitable by the micropeptide humanin. Redox Biol 2018; 16:146-156. [PMID: 29502044 PMCID: PMC5952880 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The endonuclease G gene (Endog), which codes for a mitochondrial nuclease, was identified as a determinant of cardiac hypertrophy. How ENDOG controls cardiomyocyte growth is still unknown. Thus, we aimed at finding the link between ENDOG activity and cardiomyocyte growth. Endog deficiency induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and abnormal growth in neonatal rodent cardiomyocytes, altering the AKT-GSK3β and Class-II histone deacethylases (HDAC) signal transduction pathways. These effects were blocked by ROS scavengers. Lack of ENDOG reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication independently of ROS accumulation. Because mtDNA encodes several subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, whose activity is an important source of cellular ROS, we investigated whether Endog deficiency compromised the expression and activity of the respiratory chain complexes but found no changes in these parameters nor in ATP content. MtDNA also codes for humanin, a micropeptide with possible metabolic functions. Nanomolar concentrations of synthetic humanin restored normal ROS levels and cell size in Endog-deficient cardiomyocytes. These results support the involvement of redox signaling in the control of cardiomyocyte growth by ENDOG and suggest a pathway relating mtDNA content to the regulation of cell growth probably involving humanin, which prevents reactive oxygen radicals accumulation and hypertrophy induced by Endog deficiency. Endog deficiency induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and superoxide accumulation. Hypertrophy induced by Endog deficiency requires ROS accumulation. ENDOG is involved in mtDNA replication independently of ROS accumulation. Electron Transport Chain activity is not affected by Endog deficiency. Humanin restricts ROS accumulation and blocks cardiomyocyte growth.
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Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism contributes to a wide range of pathologic conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is required for the correct maintenance of mitochondrial electron transport chain. An emerging body of clinical evidence indicates that several mutations in the AIFM1 gene are causally linked to severe forms of mitochondrial disorders. Here we investigate the consequence of WAH-1/AIF deficiency in the survival of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Moreover, we assess the survival of C. elegans strains expressing a disease-associated WAH-1/AIF variant. We demonstrate that wah-1 downregulation compromises the function of the oxidative phosphorylation system and reduces C. elegans lifespan. Notably, the loss of respiratory subunits induces a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial stress response independently of an evident increase of oxidative stress. Overall, our data pinpoint an evolutionarily conserved role of WAH-1/AIF in the maintenance of proper mitochondrial activity.
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Chen F, Chen D, Zhang Y, Jin L, Zhang H, Wan M, Pan T, Wang X, Su Y, Xu Y, Ye J. Interleukin-6 deficiency attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac pathogenesis with increased myocyte hypertrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:534-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Interleukin-6 deficiency facilitates myocardial dysfunction during high fat diet-induced obesity by promoting lipotoxicity and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3128-3141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chen D, Chen F, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Pan T, Su Y, Wan M, Wang X, Ye J. AKT2 deficiency induces retardation of myocyte development through EndoG-MEF2A signaling in mouse heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1410-1417. [PMID: 28965945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase B2 (AKT2) is implicated in diverse process of cardiomyocyte signaling including survival and metabolism. However, the role of AKT2 in myocardium development and the signaling pathway is rarely understood. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of AKT2 deletion on heart development and its downstream targets. By using experimental animal models and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), we observed that AKT2 deficiency induces retardation of heart development and increased systemic blood pressure (BP) without affecting cardiac function. Further investigation suggested that deficiency of AKT2 in myocardium results in diminished MEF2A abundance, which induced decreased size of cardiomyocytes. We additionally confirmed that EndoG, which is also regulated by AKT2, is a suppressor of MEF2A in myocardium. Finally, our results proved that AKT2 deficiency impairs the response to β-adrenergic stimuli that normally causes hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes by downregulating MEF2A expression. Our data are the first to show the important role of AKT2 in determining the size of myocardium, its deficiency causes retardation of cardiomyocyte development. We also proved a novel pathway of heart development involving EndoG and MEF2A regulated by AKT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yitao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Yubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Tianshu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yuheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Miyang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Junmei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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