1
|
Ober Shepherd BL, Scott PT, Hutter JN, Lee C, McCauley MD, Guzman I, Bryant C, McGuire S, Kennedy J, Chen WH, Hajduczki A, Mdluli T, Valencia-Ruiz A, Amare MF, Matyas GR, Rao M, Rolland M, Mascola JR, De Rosa SC, McElrath MJ, Montefiori DC, Serebryannyy L, McDermott AB, Peel SA, Collins ND, Joyce MG, Robb ML, Michael NL, Vasan S, Modjarrad K. SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Army Liposome Formulation containing monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21: a phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human clinical trial. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e581-e593. [PMID: 38761816 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A self-assembling SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 recombinant spike ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) vaccine co-formulated with Army Liposomal Formulation (ALFQ) adjuvant containing monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21 (SpFN/ALFQ) has shown protective efficacy in animal challenge models. This trial aims to assess the safety and immunogenicity of SpFN/ALFQ in a first-in-human clinical trial. METHODS In this phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human clinical trial, adults were randomly assigned (5:5:2) to receive 25 μg or 50 μg of SpFN/ALFQ or saline placebo intramuscularly at day 1 and day 29, with an optional open-label third vaccination at day 181. Enrolment and randomisation occurred sequentially by group; randomisation was done by an interactive web-based randomisation system and only designated unmasked study personnel had access to the randomisation code. Adults were required to be seronegative and unvaccinated for inclusion. Local and systemic reactogenicity, adverse events, binding and neutralising antibodies, and antigen-specific T-cell responses were quantified. For safety analyses, exact 95% Clopper-Pearson CIs for the probability of any incidence of an unsolicited adverse event was computed for each group. For immunogenicity results, CIs for binary variables were computed using the exact Clopper-Pearson methodology, while CIs for geometric mean titres were based on 10 000 empirical bootstrap samples. Post-hoc, paired one-sample t tests were used to assess the increase in mean log-10 neutralising antibody titres between day 29 and day 43 (after the second vaccination) for the primary SARS-CoV-2 targets of interest. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04784767, and is closed to new participants. FINDINGS Between April 7, and June 29, 2021, 29 participants were enrolled in the study. 20 individuals were assigned to receive 25 μg SpFN/ALFQ, four to 50 μg SpFN/ALFQ, and five to placebo. Neutralising antibody responses peaked at day 43, 2 weeks after the second dose. Neutralisation activity against multiple omicron subvariants decayed more slowly than against the D614G or beta variants until 5 months after second vaccination for both dose groups. CD4+ T-cell responses were elicited 4 weeks after the first dose and were boosted after a second dose of SpFN/ALFQ for both dose groups. Neutralising antibody titres against early omicron subvariants and clade 1 sarbecoviruses were detectable after two immunisations and peaked after the third immunisation for both dose groups. Neutralising antibody titres against XBB.1.5 were detected after three vaccinations. Passive IgG transfer from vaccinated volunteers into Syrian golden hamsters controlled replication of SARS-CoV-1 after challenge. INTERPRETATION SpFN/ALFQ was well tolerated and elicited robust and durable binding antibody and neutralising antibody titres against a broad panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants and other sarbecoviruses. FUNDING US Department of Defense, Defense Health Agency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Ober Shepherd
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul T Scott
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Global Clinical Development, Vaccines, Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Jack N Hutter
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Christine Lee
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Melanie D McCauley
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivelese Guzman
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thembi Mdluli
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anais Valencia-Ruiz
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mihret F Amare
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gary R Matyas
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Departments of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Departments of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leonid Serebryannyy
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Immunology, Sanofi Vaccines, Lyon, France
| | - Sheila A Peel
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - M Gordon Joyce
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sandhya Vasan
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ake JA, Paolino K, Hutter JN, Cicatelli SB, Eller LA, Eller MA, Costanzo MC, Paquin-Proulx D, Robb ML, Tran CL, Anova L, Jagodzinski LL, Ward LA, Kilgore N, Rusnak J, Bounds C, Badorrek CS, Hooper JW, Kwilas SA, Ilsbroux I, Anumendem DN, Gaddah A, Shukarev G, Bockstal V, Luhn K, Douoguih M, Robinson C. Safety and Immunogenicity of an Accelerated Ebola Vaccination Schedule in People with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:497. [PMID: 38793748 PMCID: PMC11125575 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The safety and immunogenicity of the two-dose Ebola vaccine regimen MVA-BN-Filo, Ad26.ZEBOV, 14 days apart, was evaluated in people without HIV (PWOH) and living with HIV (PLWH). In this observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial, healthy adults were randomized (4:1) to receive MVA-BN-Filo (dose 1) and Ad26.ZEBOV (dose 2), or two doses of saline/placebo, administered intramuscularly 14 days apart. The primary endpoints were safety (adverse events (AEs)) and immunogenicity (Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein-specific binding antibody responses). Among 75 participants (n = 50 PWOH; n = 25 PLWH), 37% were female, the mean age was 44 years, and 56% were Black/African American. AEs were generally mild/moderate, with no vaccine-related serious AEs. At 21 days post-dose 2, EBOV glycoprotein-specific binding antibody responder rates were 100% among PWOH and 95% among PLWH; geometric mean antibody concentrations were 6286 EU/mL (n = 36) and 2005 EU/mL (n = 19), respectively. A total of 45 neutralizing and other functional antibody responses were frequently observed. Ebola-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were polyfunctional and durable to at least 12 months post-dose 2. The regimen was well tolerated and generated robust, durable immune responses in PWOH and PLWH. Findings support continued evaluation of accelerated vaccine schedules for rapid deployment in populations at immediate risk. Trial registration: NCT02598388 (submitted 14 November 2015).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Ake
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Kristopher Paolino
- Clinical Trials Center, Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Jack N. Hutter
- Clinical Trials Center, Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - Leigh Anne Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Michael A. Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Margaret C. Costanzo
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Chi L. Tran
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Lalaine Anova
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Linda L. Jagodzinski
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Lucy A. Ward
- Joint Project Manager for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Medical, U.S. Department of Defense Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Nicole Kilgore
- Joint Project Manager for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Medical, U.S. Department of Defense Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Janice Rusnak
- Joint Project Manager for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Medical, U.S. Department of Defense Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Callie Bounds
- Joint Project Manager for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Medical, U.S. Department of Defense Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher S. Badorrek
- Joint Project Manager for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Medical, U.S. Department of Defense Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Steven A. Kwilas
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ine Ilsbroux
- Janssen Research & Development, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Georgi Shukarev
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Viki Bockstal
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Luhn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Macaya Douoguih
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Robinson
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frank I, Li SS, Grunenberg N, Overton ET, Robinson ST, Zheng H, Seaton KE, Heptinstall JR, Allen MA, Mayer KH, Culver DA, Keefer MC, Edupuganti S, Pensiero MN, Mehra VL, De Rosa SC, Morris DE, Wang S, Seaman MS, Montefiori DC, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD, Kublin JG, Corey L, Lu S. Safety and immunogenicity of a polyvalent DNA-protein HIV vaccine with matched Env immunogens delivered as a prime-boost regimen or coadministered in HIV-uninfected adults in the USA (HVTN 124): a phase 1, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet HIV 2024; 11:e285-e299. [PMID: 38692824 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(24)00036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An effective HIV vaccine will most likely need to have potent immunogenicity and broad cross-subtype coverage. The aim of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 124 was to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of a unique polyvalent DNA-protein HIV vaccine with matching envelope (Env) immunogens. METHODS HVTN 124 was a randomised, phase 1, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, including participants who were HIV seronegative and aged 18-50 years at low risk for infection. The DNA vaccine comprised five plasmids: four copies expressing Env gp120 (clades A, B, C, and AE) and one gag p55 (clade C). The protein vaccine included four DNA vaccine-matched GLA-SE-adjuvanted recombinant gp120 proteins. Participants were enrolled across six clinical sites in the USA and were randomly assigned to placebo or one of two vaccine groups (ie, prime-boost or coadministration) in a 5:1 ratio in part A and a 7:1 ratio in part B. Vaccines were delivered via intramuscular needle injection. The primary outcomes were safety and tolerability, assessed via frequency, severity, and attributability of local and systemic reactogenicity and adverse events, laboratory safety measures, and early discontinuations. Part A evaluated safety. Part B evaluated safety and immunogenicity of two regimens: DNA prime (administered at months 0, 1, and 3) with protein boost (months 6 and 8), and DNA-protein coadministration (months 0, 1, 3, 6, and 8). All randomly assigned participants who received at least one dose were included in the safety analysis. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03409276) and is closed to new participants. FINDINGS Between April 19, 2018 and Feb 13, 2019, 60 participants (12 in part A [five men and seven women] and 48 in part B [21 men and 27 women]) were enrolled. All 60 participants received at least one dose, and 14 did not complete follow-up (six of 21 in the prime-boost group and eight of 21 in the coadminstration group). 11 clinical adverse events deemed by investigators as study-related occurred in seven of 48 participants in part B (eight of 21 in the prime-boost group and three of 21 in the coadministration group). Local reactogenicity in the vaccine groups was common, but the frequency and severity of reactogenicity signs or symptoms did not differ between the prime-boost and coadministration groups (eg, 20 [95%] of 21 in the prime-boost group vs 21 [100%] of 21 in the coadministration group had either local pain or tenderness of any severity [p=1·00], and seven [33%] vs nine [43%] had either erythema or induration [p=0·97]), nor did laboratory safety measures. There were no delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions or vasculitis or any severe clinical adverse events related to vaccination. The most frequently reported systemic reactogenicity symptoms in the active vaccine groups were malaise or fatigue (five [50%] of ten in part A and 17 [81%] of 21 in the prime-boost group vs 15 [71%] of 21 in the coadministration group in part B), headache (five [50%] and 18 [86%] vs 12 [57%]), and myalgia (four [40%] and 13 [62%] vs ten [48%]), mostly of mild or moderate severity. INTERPRETATION Both vaccine regimens were safe, warranting evaluation in larger trials. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health and US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Frank
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuying S Li
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole Grunenberg
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edgar T Overton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Samuel T Robinson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hua Zheng
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Icon, Burlington, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly E Seaton
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jack R Heptinstall
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary A Allen
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel A Culver
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Integrated Hospital Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael C Keefer
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sri Edupuganti
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Michael N Pensiero
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vijay L Mehra
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daryl E Morris
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shixia Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James G Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berger A, Pedersen J, Kowatsch MM, Scholte F, Lafrance MA, Azizi H, Li Y, Gomez A, Wade M, Fausther-Bovendo H, de La Vega MA, Jelinski J, Babuadze G, Nepveu-Traversy ME, Lamarre C, Racine T, Kang CY, Gaillet B, Garnier A, Gilbert R, Kamen A, Yao XJ, Fowke KR, Arts E, Kobinger G. Impact of Recombinant VSV-HIV Prime, DNA-Boost Vaccine Candidates on Immunogenicity and Viremia on SHIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:369. [PMID: 38675751 PMCID: PMC11053682 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, no effective vaccine to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is available, and various platforms are being examined. The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine vehicle can induce robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, making it a suitable candidate for the development of an HIV vaccine. Here, we analyze the protective immunological impacts of recombinant VSV vaccine vectors that express chimeric HIV Envelope proteins (Env) in rhesus macaques. To improve the immunogenicity of these VSV-HIV Env vaccine candidates, we generated chimeric Envs containing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which increases surface Env on the particle. Additionally, the Ebola virus glycoprotein was added to the VSV-HIV vaccine particles to divert tropism from CD4 T cells and enhance their replications both in vitro and in vivo. Animals were boosted with DNA constructs that encoded matching antigens. Vaccinated animals developed non-neutralizing antibody responses against both the HIV Env and the Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) as well as systemic memory T-cell activation. However, these responses were not associated with observable protection against simian-HIV (SHIV) infection following repeated high-dose intra-rectal SHIV SF162p3 challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Berger
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Unversité Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.B.); (J.P.); (F.S.); (M.-A.L.); (H.A.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (H.F.-B.); (M.-A.d.L.V.); (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Jannie Pedersen
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Unversité Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.B.); (J.P.); (F.S.); (M.-A.L.); (H.A.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (H.F.-B.); (M.-A.d.L.V.); (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Monika M. Kowatsch
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.M.K.); (K.R.F.)
| | - Florine Scholte
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Unversité Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.B.); (J.P.); (F.S.); (M.-A.L.); (H.A.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (H.F.-B.); (M.-A.d.L.V.); (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Marc-Alexandre Lafrance
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Unversité Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.B.); (J.P.); (F.S.); (M.-A.L.); (H.A.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (H.F.-B.); (M.-A.d.L.V.); (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Hiva Azizi
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Unversité Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.B.); (J.P.); (F.S.); (M.-A.L.); (H.A.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (H.F.-B.); (M.-A.d.L.V.); (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (Y.L.); (C.-Y.K.); (E.A.)
| | - Alejandro Gomez
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Unversité Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.B.); (J.P.); (F.S.); (M.-A.L.); (H.A.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (H.F.-B.); (M.-A.d.L.V.); (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Matthew Wade
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Unversité Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.B.); (J.P.); (F.S.); (M.-A.L.); (H.A.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (H.F.-B.); (M.-A.d.L.V.); (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Hugues Fausther-Bovendo
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Unversité Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.B.); (J.P.); (F.S.); (M.-A.L.); (H.A.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (H.F.-B.); (M.-A.d.L.V.); (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Marc-Antoine de La Vega
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Unversité Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.B.); (J.P.); (F.S.); (M.-A.L.); (H.A.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (H.F.-B.); (M.-A.d.L.V.); (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Joseph Jelinski
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - George Babuadze
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Unversité Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.B.); (J.P.); (F.S.); (M.-A.L.); (H.A.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (H.F.-B.); (M.-A.d.L.V.); (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | | | - Claude Lamarre
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Unversité Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.B.); (J.P.); (F.S.); (M.-A.L.); (H.A.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (H.F.-B.); (M.-A.d.L.V.); (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Trina Racine
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada; (T.R.); (X.-J.Y.)
| | - Chil-Yong Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (Y.L.); (C.-Y.K.); (E.A.)
| | - Bruno Gaillet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (B.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Alain Garnier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (B.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada;
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| | - Xiao-Jian Yao
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada; (T.R.); (X.-J.Y.)
| | - Keith R. Fowke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.M.K.); (K.R.F.)
| | - Eric Arts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (Y.L.); (C.-Y.K.); (E.A.)
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moodie Z, Andersen-Nissen E, Grunenberg N, Dintwe OB, Omar FL, Kee JJ, Bekker LG, Laher F, Naicker N, Jani I, Mgodi NM, Hunidzarira P, Sebe M, Miner MD, Polakowski L, Ramirez S, Nebergall M, Takuva S, Sikhosana L, Heptinstall J, Seaton KE, De Rosa S, Diazgranados CA, Koutsoukos M, Van Der Meeren O, Barnett SW, Kanesa-thasan N, Kublin JG, Tomaras GD, McElrath MJ, Corey L, Mngadi K, Goepfert P. Safety and immunogenicity of a subtype C ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) vaccine prime plus bivalent subtype C gp120 vaccine boost adjuvanted with MF59 or alum in healthy adults without HIV (HVTN 107): A phase 1/2a randomized trial. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004360. [PMID: 38502656 PMCID: PMC10986991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvants are widely used to enhance and/or direct vaccine-induced immune responses yet rarely evaluated head-to-head. Our trial directly compared immune responses elicited by MF59 versus alum adjuvants in the RV144-like HIV vaccine regimen modified for the Southern African region. The RV144 trial of a recombinant canarypox vaccine vector expressing HIV env subtype B (ALVAC-HIV) prime followed by ALVAC-HIV plus a bivalent gp120 protein vaccine boost adjuvanted with alum is the only trial to have shown modest HIV vaccine efficacy. Data generated after RV144 suggested that use of MF59 adjuvant might allow lower protein doses to be used while maintaining robust immune responses. We evaluated safety and immunogenicity of an HIV recombinant canarypox vaccine vector expressing HIV env subtype C (ALVAC-HIV) prime followed by ALVAC-HIV plus a bivalent gp120 protein vaccine boost (gp120) adjuvanted with alum (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/alum) or MF59 (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59) or unadjuvanted (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/no-adjuvant) and a regimen where ALVAC-HIV+gp120 adjuvanted with MF59 was used for the prime and boost (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 coadministration). METHODS AND FINDINGS Between June 19, 2017 and June 14, 2018, 132 healthy adults without HIV in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique were randomized to receive intramuscularly: (1) 2 priming doses of ALVAC-HIV (months 0 and 1) followed by 3 booster doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 (months 3, 6, and 12), n = 36; (2) 2 priming doses of ALVAC-HIV (months 0 and 1) followed by 3 booster doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/alum (months 3, 6, and 12), n = 36; (3) 4 doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 coadministered (months 0, 1, 6, and 12), n = 36; or (4) 2 priming doses of ALVAC-HIV (months 0 and 1) followed by 3 booster doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/no adjuvant (months 3, 6, and 12), n = 24. Primary outcomes were safety and occurrence and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of vaccine-induced gp120-specific IgG and IgA binding antibodies at month 6.5. All vaccinations were safe and well-tolerated; increased alanine aminotransferase was the most frequent related adverse event, occurring in 2 (1.5%) participants (1 severe, 1 mild). At month 6.5, vaccine-specific gp120 IgG binding antibodies were detected in 100% of vaccinees for all 4 vaccine groups. No significant differences were seen in the occurrence and net MFI of vaccine-specific IgA responses between the ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59-prime-boost and ALVAC-HIV+gp120/alum-prime-boost groups or between the ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59-prime-boost and ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 coadministration groups. Limitations were the relatively small sample size per group and lack of evaluation of higher gp120 doses. CONCLUSIONS Although MF59 was expected to enhance immune responses, alum induced similar responses to MF59, suggesting that the choice between these adjuvants may not be critical for the ALVAC+gp120 regimen. TRIAL REGISTRATION HVTN 107 was registered with the South African National Clinical Trials Registry (DOH-27-0715-4894) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03284710).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erica Andersen-Nissen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Grunenberg
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - One B. Dintwe
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Faatima Laher Omar
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jia J. Kee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fatima Laher
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nivashnee Naicker
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; and Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ilesh Jani
- Instituto Nacional de Saude, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Nyaradzo M. Mgodi
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Portia Hunidzarira
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Maurine D. Miner
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Shelly Ramirez
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michelle Nebergall
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Simbarashe Takuva
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lerato Sikhosana
- Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jack Heptinstall
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelly E. Seaton
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Diazgranados
- Formerly Sanofi-Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | - Susan W. Barnett
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - James G. Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Paul Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaur A, Vaccari M. Exploring HIV Vaccine Progress in the Pre-Clinical and Clinical Setting: From History to Future Prospects. Viruses 2024; 16:368. [PMID: 38543734 PMCID: PMC10974975 DOI: 10.3390/v16030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with millions of people affected and new cases emerging each year. While various treatment and prevention methods exist, including antiretroviral therapy and non-vaccine approaches, developing an effective vaccine remains the most crucial and cost-effective solution to combating the HIV epidemic. Despite significant advancements in HIV research, the HIV vaccine field has faced numerous challenges, and only one clinical trial has demonstrated a modest level of efficacy. This review delves into the history of HIV vaccines and the current efforts in HIV prevention, emphasizing pre-clinical vaccine development using the non-human primate model (NHP) of HIV infection. NHP models offer valuable insights into potential preventive strategies for combating HIV, and they play a vital role in informing and guiding the development of novel vaccine candidates before they can proceed to human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amitinder Kaur
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Verma A, Hawes CE, Elizaldi SR, Smith JC, Rajasundaram D, Pedersen GK, Shen X, Williams LD, Tomaras GD, Kozlowski PA, Amara RR, Iyer SS. Tailoring T fh profiles enhances antibody persistence to a clade C HIV-1 vaccine in rhesus macaques. eLife 2024; 12:RP89395. [PMID: 38385642 PMCID: PMC10942585 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4 T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are essential for establishing serological memory and have distinct helper attributes that impact both the quantity and quality of the antibody response. Insights into Tfh subsets that promote antibody persistence and functional capacity can critically inform vaccine design. Based on the Tfh profiles evoked by the live attenuated measles virus vaccine, renowned for its ability to establish durable humoral immunity, we investigated the potential of a Tfh1/17 recall response during the boost phase to enhance persistence of HIV-1 Envelope (Env) antibodies in rhesus macaques. Using a DNA-prime encoding gp160 antigen and Tfh polarizing cytokines (interferon protein-10 (IP-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), followed by a gp140 protein boost formulated in a cationic liposome-based adjuvant (CAF01), we successfully generated germinal center (GC) Tfh1/17 cells. In contrast, a similar DNA-prime (including IP-10) followed by gp140 formulated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) +QS-21 adjuvant predominantly induced GC Tfh1 cells. While the generation of GC Tfh1/17 cells with CAF01 and GC Tfh1 cells with MPLA +QS-21 induced comparable peak Env antibodies, the latter group demonstrated significantly greater antibody concentrations at week 8 after final immunization which persisted up to 30 weeks (gp140 IgG ng/ml- MPLA; 5500; CAF01, 2155; p<0.05). Notably, interferon γ+Env-specific Tfh responses were consistently higher with gp140 in MPLA +QS-21 and positively correlated with Env antibody persistence. These findings suggest that vaccine platforms maximizing GC Tfh1 induction promote persistent Env antibodies, important for protective immunity against HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Verma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Chase E Hawes
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Sonny R Elizaldi
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Justin C Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansUnited States
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | | | - Xiaoying Shen
- Center for Human Systems ImmunologyDurhamUnited States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - LaTonya D Williams
- Center for Human Systems ImmunologyDurhamUnited States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems ImmunologyDurhamUnited States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansUnited States
| | - Rama R Amara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Smita S Iyer
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
N’guessan KF, Machmach K, Swafford I, Costanzo MC, Wieczorek L, Kim D, Akapirat S, Polonis VR, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Gurunathan S, Sinangil F, Chariyalertsak S, Ake JA, O’connell RJ, Vasan S, Paquin-Proulx D. Innate immune cell activation after HIV-1 vaccine administration is associated with increased antibody production. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339727. [PMID: 38420129 PMCID: PMC10900843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The RV144 Thai phase III clinical trial's canarypox-protein HIV vaccine regimen showed modest efficacy in reducing infection. We therefore sought to determine the effects of vaccine administration on innate cell activation and subsequent associations with vaccine-induced immune responses. RV306 was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in HIV-uninfected Thai adults that tested delayed boosting following the RV144 regimen. PBMC collected from RV306 participants prior to and 3 days after the last boost were used to investigate innate immune cell activation. Our analysis showed an increase in CD38+ mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, CD38+ invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, CD38+ γδ T cells, CD38+, CD69+ and HLA-DR+ NK cells 3 days after vaccine administration. An increase in CD14-CD16+ non-classical monocytes and CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes accompanied by a decrease in CD14+CD16- classical monocytes was also associated with vaccine administration. Inclusion of ALVAC-HIV in the boost did not further increase MAIT, iNKT, γδ T, and NK cell activation or increase the proportion of non-classical monocytes. Additionally, NK cell activation 3 days after vaccination was positively associated with antibody titers of HIV Env-specific total IgG and IgG1. Vδ1 T cell activation 3 days after vaccine administration was associated with HIV Env-specific IgG3 titers. Finally, we observed trending associations between MAIT cell activation and Env-specific IgG3 titers and between NK cell activation and TH023 pseudovirus neutralization titers. Our study identifies a potential role for innate cells, specifically NK, MAIT, and γδ T cells, in promoting antibody responses following HIV-1 vaccine administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kombo F. N’guessan
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kawthar Machmach
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Isabella Swafford
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Margaret C. Costanzo
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dohoon Kim
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Siriwat Akapirat
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Victoria R. Polonis
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Sorachai Nitayaphan
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Faruk Sinangil
- Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, Lafayette, CA, United States
| | - Suwat Chariyalertsak
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Julie A. Ake
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. O’connell
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kammann T, Gorin JB, Parrot T, Gao Y, Ponzetta A, Emgård J, Maleki KT, Sekine T, Rivera-Ballesteros O, Gredmark-Russ S, Rooyackers O, Skagerberg M, Eriksson LI, Norrby-Teglund A, Mak JY, Fairlie DP, Björkström NK, Klingström J, Ljunggren HG, Aleman S, Buggert M, Strålin K, Sandberg JK. Dynamic MAIT Cell Recovery after Severe COVID-19 Is Transient with Signs of Heterogeneous Functional Anomalies. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:389-396. [PMID: 38117799 PMCID: PMC10784727 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant population of unconventional T cells in humans and play important roles in immune defense against microbial infections. Severe COVID-19 is associated with strong activation of MAIT cells and loss of these cells from circulation. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of MAIT cells to recover after severe COVID-19. In longitudinal paired analysis, MAIT cells initially rebounded numerically and phenotypically in most patients at 4 mo postrelease from the hospital. However, the rebounding MAIT cells displayed signs of persistent activation with elevated expression of CD69, CD38, and HLA-DR. Although MAIT cell function was restored in many patients, a subgroup displayed a predominantly PD-1high functionally impaired MAIT cell pool. This profile was associated with poor expression of IFN-γ and granzyme B in response to IL-12 + L-18 and low levels of polyfunctionality. Unexpectedly, although the overall T cell counts recovered, normalization of the MAIT cell pool failed at 9-mo follow-up, with a clear decline in MAIT cell numbers and a further increase in PD-1 levels. Together, these results indicate an initial transient period of inconsistent recovery of MAIT cells that is not sustained and eventually fails. Persisting MAIT cell impairment in previously hospitalized patients with COVID-19 may have consequences for antimicrobial immunity and inflammation and could potentially contribute to post-COVID-19 health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kammann
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Baptiste Gorin
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiphaine Parrot
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Gao
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Emgård
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kimia T. Maleki
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takuya Sekine
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Rivera-Ballesteros
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sara Gredmark-Russ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olav Rooyackers
- Department of Clinical Interventions and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Skagerberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars I. Eriksson
- Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Norrby-Teglund
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Y.W. Mak
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Niklas K. Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nyangahu DD, Happel AU, Wendoh J, Kiravu A, Wang Y, Feng C, Plumlee C, Cohen S, Brown BP, Djukovic D, Ganief T, Gasper M, Raftery D, Blackburn JM, Allbritton NL, Gray CM, Paik J, Urdahl KB, Jaspan HB. Bifidobacterium infantis associates with T cell immunity in human infants and is sufficient to enhance antigen-specific T cells in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade1370. [PMID: 38064556 PMCID: PMC10708209 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine can elicit good TH1 responses in neonates. We hypothesized that the pioneer gut microbiota affects vaccine T cell responses. Infants who are HIV exposed but uninfected (iHEU) display an altered immunity to vaccination. BCG-specific immune responses were analyzed at 7 weeks of age in iHEU, and responses were categorized as high or low. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis was enriched in the stools of high responders, while Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was enriched in low responders at time of BCG vaccination. Neonatal germ-free or SPF mice orally gavaged with live B. infantis exhibited significantly higher BCG-specific T cells compared with pups gavaged with B. thetaiotaomicron. B. infantis and B. thetaiotaomicron differentially affected stool metabolome and colonic transcriptome. Human colonic epithelial cells stimulated with B. infantis induced a unique gene expression profile versus B. thetaiotaomicron. We thus identified a causal role of B. infantis in early-life antigen-specific immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald D. Nyangahu
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna-Ursula Happel
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jerome Wendoh
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Agano Kiravu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colin Feng
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Courtney Plumlee
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara Cohen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bryan P. Brown
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tariq Ganief
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melanie Gasper
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Clive M. Gray
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biomedical Research Institute, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jisun Paik
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin B. Urdahl
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Heather B. Jaspan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Perdiguero B, Hauser A, Gómez CE, Peterhoff D, Sideris E, Sorzano CÓS, Wilmschen S, Schaber M, Stengel L, Asbach B, Ding S, Von Laer D, Levy Y, Pantaleo G, Kimpel J, Esteban M, Wagner R. Potency and durability of T and B cell immune responses after homologous and heterologous vector delivery of a trimer-stabilized, membrane-displayed HIV-1 clade ConC Env protein. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270908. [PMID: 38045703 PMCID: PMC10690772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The generation of an HIV-1 vaccine able to induce long-lasting protective immunity remains a main challenge. Here, we aimed to modify next-generation soluble, prefusion-stabilized, close-to-native, glycan-engineered clade C gp140 envelope (Env) trimers (sC23v4 KIKO and ConCv5 KIKO) for optimal display on the cell surface following homologous or heterologous vector delivery. Methods A combination of the following modifications scored best regarding the preservation of closed, native-like Env trimer conformation and antigenicity when using a panel of selected broadly neutralizing (bnAb) and non-neutralizing (nnAb) monoclonal antibodies for flow cytometry: i) replacing the natural cleavage site with a native flexible linker and introducing a single amino acid substitution to prevent CD4 binding (*), ii) fusing a heterologous VSV-G-derived transmembrane moiety to the gp140 C-terminus, and iii) deleting six residues proximal to the membrane. Results When delivering membrane-tethered sC23v4 KIKO* and ConCv5 KIKO* via DNA, VSV-GP, and NYVAC vectors, the two native-like Env trimers provide differential antigenicity profiles. Whereas such patterns were largely consistent among the different vectors for either Env trimer, the membrane-tethered ConCv5 KIKO* trimer adopted a more closed and native-like structure than sC23v4 KIKO*. In immunized mice, VSV-GP and NYVAC vectors expressing the membrane-tethered ConCv5 KIKO* administered in prime/boost combination were the most effective regimens for the priming of Env-specific CD4 T cells among all tested combinations. The subsequent booster administration of trimeric ConCv5 KIKO* Env protein preserved the T cell activation levels between groups. The evaluation of the HIV-1-specific humoral responses induced in the different immunization groups after protein boosts showed that the various prime/boost protocols elicited broad and potent antibody responses, preferentially of a Th1-associated IgG2a subclass, and that the obtained antibody levels remained high at the memory phase. Discussion In summary, we provide a feasible strategy to display multiple copies of native-like Env trimers on the cell surface, which translates into efficient priming of sustained CD4+ T cell responses after vector delivery as well as broad, potent, and sustained antibody responses following booster immunizations with the homologous, prefusion-stabilized, close-to-native ConCv5 KIKO* gp140 Env trimer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Hauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elefthéria Sideris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Óscar S. Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit and Computational Genomics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah Wilmschen
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marion Schaber
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Stengel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Song Ding
- EuroVacc Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Von Laer
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médicine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U955, Créteil, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses, Créteil, France
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Verma A, Hawes CE, Elizaldi SR, Smith JC, Rajasundaram D, Pedersen GK, Shen X, Williams LD, Tomaras GD, Kozlowski PA, Amara RR, Iyer SS. Tailoring Tfh Profiles Enhances Antibody Persistence to a Clade C HIV-1 Vaccine in Rhesus Macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.18.549515. [PMID: 37503150 PMCID: PMC10370132 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.18.549515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CD4 T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are essential for establishing serological memory and have distinct helper attributes that impact both the quantity and quality of the antibody response. Insights into Tfh subsets that promote antibody persistence and functional capacity can critically inform vaccine design. Based on the Tfh profiles evoked by the live attenuated measles virus vaccine, renowned for its ability to establish durable humoral immunity, we investigated the potential of a Tfh1/17 recall response during the boost phase to enhance persistence of HIV-1 Envelope (Env) antibodies in rhesus macaques. Using a DNA-prime encoding gp160 antigen and Tfh polarizing cytokines (interferon protein-10 (IP-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), followed by a gp140 protein boost formulated in a cationic liposome-based adjuvant (CAF01), we successfully generated germinal center (GC) Tfh1/17 cells. In contrast, a similar DNA-prime (including IP-10) followed by gp140 formulated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA)+QS-21 adjuvant predominantly induced GC Tfh1 cells. While the generation of GC Tfh1/17 cells with CAF01 and GC Tfh1 cells with MPLA+QS-21 induced comparable peak Env antibodies, the latter group demonstrated significantly greater antibody concentrations at week 8 after final immunization which persisted up to 30 weeks (gp140 IgG ng/ml- MPLA; 5500; CAF01, 2155; p <0.05). Notably, interferon γ+ Env-specific Tfh responses were consistently higher with gp140 in MPLA+QS-21 and positively correlated with Env antibody persistence. These findings suggest that vaccine platforms maximizing GC Tfh1 induction promote persistent Env antibodies, important for protective immunity against HIV.
Collapse
|
13
|
Barbey C, Su J, Billmeier M, Stefan N, Bester R, Carnell G, Temperton N, Heeney J, Protzer U, Breunig M, Wagner R, Peterhoff D. Immunogenicity of a silica nanoparticle-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:41-55. [PMID: 37774890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccines have been regarded early on as critical in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the deployed vaccine platforms, subunit vaccines have a particularly good safety profile but may suffer from a lower immunogenicity compared to mRNA based or viral vector vaccines. In fact, this phenomenon has also been observed for SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines comprising the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Therefore, RBD-based vaccines have to rely on additional measures to enhance the immune response. It is well accepted that displaying antigens on nanoparticles can improve the quantity and quality of vaccine-mediated both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Based on this, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 RBD as immunogen would benefit from being presented to the immune system via silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). Herein we describe the preparation, in vitro characterization, antigenicity and in vivo immunogenicity of SiNPs decorated with properly oriented RBD in mice. We found our RBD-SiNP conjugates show narrow, homogeneous particle distribution with optimal size of about 100 nm for efficient transport to and into the lymph node. The colloidal stability and binding of the antigen was stable for at least 4 months at storage- and in vivo-temperatures. The antigenicity of the RBD was maintained upon binding to the SiNP surface, and the receptor-binding motif was readily accessible due to the spatial orientation of the RBD. The particles were efficiently taken up in vitro by antigen-presenting cells. In a mouse immunization study using an mRNA vaccine and spike protein as benchmarks, we found that the SiNP formulation was able to elicit a stronger RBD-specific humoral response compared to the soluble protein. For the adjuvanted RBD-SiNP we found strong S-specific multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses, a balanced T helper response, improved auto- and heterologous virus neutralization capacity, and increased serum avidity, suggesting increased affinity maturation. In summary, our results provide further evidence for the possibility of optimizing the cellular and humoral immune response through antigen presentation on SiNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Barbey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jinpeng Su
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Billmeier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Stefan
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Romina Bester
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - George Carnell
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Chatham ME4 4BF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Heeney
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Germany
| | - Miriam Breunig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Montante S, Chen Y, Brinkman RR. flowSim: Near duplicate detection for flow cytometry data. Cytometry A 2023; 103:889-901. [PMID: 37530476 PMCID: PMC10834853 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of large amounts of data is important for the development of machine learning (ML) models. flowSim is the first algorithm designed to visualize, detect and remove highly redundant information in flow cytometry (FCM) training sets to decrease the computational time for training and increase the performance of ML algorithms by reducing overfitting. flowSim performs near duplicate image detection by combining community detection algorithms with the density analysis of the marker expression values. flowSim clustering compared to consensus manual clustering on a dataset composed of 160 images of bivariate FCM data had a mean Adjusted Rand Index of 0.90, demonstrating its efficiency in identifying similar patterns. flowSim selectively discarded near duplicate files in datasets constructed with known redundancy, and removed 92.6% of FCM images in a dataset of over 500,000 drawn from public repositories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Montante
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan R. Brinkman
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 675 West 10th Avenue
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
van Duijn J, Stieh D, Fernandez N, King D, Gilmour J, Tolboom J, Callewaert K, Willems W, Pau MG, De Rosa SC, McElrath MJ, Barouch DH, Hayes P. Mosaic HIV-1 vaccination induces anti-viral CD8 + T cell functionality in the phase 1/2a clinical trial APPROACH. J Virol 2023; 97:e0112623. [PMID: 37811993 PMCID: PMC10617392 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01126-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The functionality of CD8+ T cells against human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) antigens is indicative of HIV-progression in both animal models and people living with HIV. It is, therefore, of interest to assess CD8+ T cell responses in a prophylactic vaccination setting, as this may be an important component of the immune system that inhibits HIV-1 replication. T cell responses induced by the adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) mosaic vaccine regimen were assessed previously by IFN-γ ELISpot and flow cytometric assays, yet these assays only measure cytokine production but not the capacity of CD8+ T cells to inhibit replication of HIV-1. In this study, we demonstrate direct anti-viral function of the clinical Ad26 mosaic vaccine regimen through ex vivo inhibition of replication of diverse clades of HIV-1 isolates in the participant's own CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Stieh
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia Fernandez
- IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah King
- IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Gilmour
- IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen Tolboom
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maria G. Pau
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Hayes
- IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bissa M, Galli V, Schifanella L, Vaccari M, Rahman MA, Gorini G, Binello N, Sarkis S, Gutowska A, Silva de Castro I, Doster MN, Moles R, Ferrari G, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, N’guessan KF, Paquin-Proulx D, Kozlowski PA, Venzon DJ, Choo-Wosoba H, Breed MW, Kramer J, Franchini G. In Vivo Treatment with Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Reduces CCR5 Expression on Vaccine-Induced Activated CD4 + T-Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1662. [PMID: 38005994 PMCID: PMC10675829 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
At the heart of the DNA/ALVAC/gp120/alum vaccine's efficacy in the absence of neutralizing antibodies is a delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses that effectively decreases the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition in macaques. Vaccine efficacy is linked to antibodies recognizing the V2 helical conformation, DC-10 tolerogenic dendritic cells eliciting the clearance of apoptotic cells via efferocytosis, and CCR5 downregulation on vaccine-induced gut homing CD4+ cells. RAS activation is also linked to vaccine efficacy, which prompted the testing of IGF-1, a potent inducer of RAS activation with vaccination. We found that IGF-1 changed the hierarchy of V1/V2 epitope recognition and decreased both ADCC specific for helical V2 and efferocytosis. Remarkably, IGF-1 also reduced the expression of CCR5 on vaccine-induced CD4+ gut-homing T-cells, compensating for its negative effect on ADCC and efferocytosis and resulting in equivalent vaccine efficacy (71% with IGF-1 and 69% without).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Galli
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Tulane National Primate Center & School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70118, USA
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolò Binello
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramona Moles
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kombo F. N’guessan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew W. Breed
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Joshua Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Happel AU, Rametse L, Perumaul B, Diener C, Gibbons SM, Nyangahu DD, Donald KA, Gray C, Jaspan HB. Bifidobacterium infantis supplementation versus placebo in early life to improve immunity in infants exposed to HIV: a protocol for a randomized trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:367. [PMID: 37853370 PMCID: PMC10583347 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infants who are born from mothers with HIV (infants who are HIV exposed but uninfected; iHEU) are at higher risk of morbidity and display multiple immune alterations compared to infants who are HIV-unexposed (iHU). Easily implementable strategies to improve immunity of iHEU, and possibly subsequent clinical health outcomes, are needed. iHEU have altered gut microbiome composition and bifidobacterial depletion, and relative abundance of Bifidobacterium infantis has been associated with immune ontogeny, including humoral and cellular vaccine responses. Therefore, we will assess microbiological and immunological phenotypes and clinical outcomes in a randomized, double-blinded trial of B. infantis Rosell®-33 versus placebo given during the first month of life in South African iHEU. METHODS This is a parallel, randomised, controlled trial. Two-hundred breastfed iHEU will be enrolled from the Khayelitsha Site B Midwife Obstetric Unit in Cape Town, South Africa and 1:1 randomised to receive 8 × 109 CFU B. infantis Rosell®-33 daily or placebo for the first 4 weeks of life, starting on day 1-3 of life. Infants will be followed over 36 weeks with extensive collection of meta-data and samples. Primary outcomes include gut microbiome composition and diversity, intestinal inflammation and microbial translocation and cellular vaccine responses. Additional outcomes include biological (e.g. gut metabolome and T cell phenotypes) and clinical (e.g. growth and morbidity) outcome measures. DISCUSSION The results of this trial will provide evidence whether B. infantis supplementation during early life could improve health outcomes for iHEU. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval for this study has been obtained from the ethics committees at the University of Cape Town (HREC Ref 697/2022) and Seattle Children's Research Institute (STUDY00003679). TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan African Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: PACTR202301748714019. CLINICAL TRIALS gov: NCT05923333. PROTOCOL VERSION Version 1.8, dated 18 July 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Ursula Happel
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Lerato Rametse
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Brandon Perumaul
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | | | - Sean M Gibbons
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Donald D Nyangahu
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave. N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kirsten A Donald
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Klipfontein Road Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Clive Gray
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Heather B Jaspan
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave. N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 1510 San Juan Road NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kopycinski J, Yang H, Hancock G, Pace M, Kim E, Frater J, Stöhr W, Hanke T, Fidler S, Dorrell L. Therapeutic vaccination following early antiretroviral therapy elicits highly functional T cell responses against conserved HIV-1 regions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17155. [PMID: 37821472 PMCID: PMC10567821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
'Kick and kill' cure strategies aim to induce HIV protein expression in latently infected cells (kick), and thus trigger their elimination by cytolytic T cells (kill). In the Research in Viral Eradication of HIV Reservoirs trial (NCT02336074), people diagnosed with primary HIV infection received immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) and were randomised 24 weeks later to either a latency-reversing agent, vorinostat, together with ChAdV63.HIVconsv and MVA.HIVconsv vaccines, or ART alone. This intervention conferred no reduction in HIV-1 reservoir size over ART alone, despite boosting virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The effects of the intervention were examined at the cellular level in the two trial arms using unbiased computational analysis of polyfunctional scores. This showed that the frequency and polyfunctionality of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations were significantly increased over 12 weeks post-vaccination, compared to the ART-only arm. HIV-specific IL-2-secreting CD8+ T cells also expanded significantly in the intervention arm and were correlated with antiviral activity against heterologous HIV in vitro. Therapeutic vaccination during ART commenced in primary infection can induce functional T cell responses that are phenotypically similar to those of HIV controllers. Analytical therapy interruption may help determine their ability to control HIV in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kopycinski
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hongbing Yang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gemma Hancock
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Pace
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ellen Kim
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Frater
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wolfgang Stöhr
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tomás Hanke
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Joint Research Centre for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, and National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Lucy Dorrell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Immunocore Ltd, 93 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RY, Oxon, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koren MA, Lin L, Eckels KH, De La Barrera R, Dussupt V, Donofrio G, Sondergaard EL, Mills KT, Robb ML, Lee C, Adedeji O, Keiser PB, Curley JM, Copeland NK, Crowell TA, Hutter JN, Hamer MJ, Valencia-Ruiz A, Darden J, Peel S, Amare MF, Mebrahtu T, Costanzo M, Krebs SJ, Gromowski GD, Jarman RG, Thomas SJ, Michael NL, Modjarrad K. Safety and immunogenicity of a purified inactivated Zika virus vaccine candidate in adults primed with a Japanese encephalitis virus or yellow fever virus vaccine in the USA: a phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:1175-1185. [PMID: 37390836 PMCID: PMC10877583 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus infection is a threat to at-risk populations, causing major birth defects and serious neurological complications. Development of a safe and efficacious Zika virus vaccine is, therefore, a global health priority. Assessment of heterologous flavivirus vaccination is important given co-circulation of Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus with Zika virus. We investigated the effect of priming flavivirus naive participants with a licensed flavivirus vaccine on the safety and immunogenicity of a purified inactivated Zika vaccine (ZPIV). METHODS This phase 1, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was done at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Clinical Trials Center in Silver Spring, MD, USA. Eligible participants were healthy adults aged 18-49 years, with no detectable evidence of previous flavivirus exposure (by infection or vaccination), as measured by a microneutralisation assay. Individuals with serological evidence of HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C infection were excluded, as were pregnant or breastfeeding women. Participants were recruited sequentially into one of three groups (1:1:1) to receive no primer, two doses of intramuscular Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine (IXIARO), or a single dose of subcutaneous yellow fever virus vaccine (YF-VAX). Within each group, participants were randomly assigned (4:1) to receive intramuscular ZPIV or placebo. Priming vaccinations were given 72-96 days before ZPIV. ZPIV was administered either two or three times, at days 0, 28, and 196-234. The primary outcome was occurrence of solicited systemic and local adverse events along with serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest. These data were analysed in all participants receiving at least one dose of ZPIV or placebo. Secondary outcomes included measurement of neutralizing antibody responses following ZPIV vaccination in all volunteers with available post-vaccination data. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02963909. FINDINGS Between Nov 7, 2016, and Oct 30, 2018, 134 participants were assessed for eligibility. 21 did not meet inclusion criteria, 29 met exclusion criteria, and ten declined to participate. 75 participants were recruited and randomly assigned. 35 (47%) of 75 participants were male and 40 (53%) were female. 25 (33%) of 75 participants identified as Black or African American and 42 (56%) identified as White. These proportions and other baseline characteristics were similar between groups. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, race, or BMI between those who did and did not opt into the third dose. All participants received the planned priming IXIARO and YF-VAX vaccinations, but one participant who received YF-VAX dropped out before receipt of the first dose of ZPIV. 50 participants received a third dose of ZPIV or placebo, including 14 flavivirus-naive people, 17 people primed with Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine, and 19 participants primed with yellow fever vaccine. Vaccinations were well tolerated across groups. Pain at the injection site was the only adverse event reported more frequently in participants who received ZPIV than in those who received placebo (39 [65%] of 60 participants, 95% CI 51·6-76·9 who received ZPIV vs three [21·4%] of 14 who received placebo; 4·7-50·8; p=0·006). No patients had an adverse event of special interest or serious adverse event related to study treatment. At day 57, the flavivirus-naive volunteers had an 88% (63·6-98·5, 15 of 17) seroconversion rate (neutralising antibody titre ≥1:10) and geometric mean neutralising antibody titre (GMT) against Zika virus of 100·8 (39·7-255·7). In the Japanese encephalitis vaccine-primed group, the day 57 seroconversion rate was 31·6% (95% CI 12·6-56·6, six of 19) and GMT was 11·8 (6·1-22·8). Participants primed with YF-VAX had a seroconversion rate of 25% (95% CI 8·7-49·1, five of 20) and GMT of 6·6 (5·2-8·4). Humoral immune responses rose substantially following a third dose of ZPIV, with seroconversion rates of 100% (69·2-100; ten of ten), 92·9% (66·1-99·8; 13 of 14), and 60% (32·2-83·7, nine of 15) and GMTs of 511·5 (177·6-1473·6), 174·2 (51·6-587·6), and 79 (19·0-326·8) in the flavivirus naive, Japanese encephalitis vaccine-primed, and yellow fever vaccine-primed groups, respectively. INTERPRETATION We found ZPIV to be well tolerated in flavivirus naive and primed adults but that immunogenicity varied significantly according to antecedent flavivirus vaccination status. Immune bias towards the flavivirus antigen of initial exposure and the timing of vaccination may have impacted responses. A third ZPIV dose overcame much, but not all, of the discrepancy in immunogenicity. The results of this phase 1 clinical trial have implications for further evaluation of ZPIV's immunisation schedule and use of concomitant vaccinations. FUNDING Department of Defense, Defense Health Agency; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and Division of Microbiology and Infectious Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Koren
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Leyi Lin
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth H Eckels
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rafael De La Barrera
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gina Donofrio
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erica L Sondergaard
- Clinical Trials Center, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kristin T Mills
- Clinical Trials Center, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine Lee
- Clinical Trials Center, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul B Keiser
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Justin M Curley
- Clinical Trials Center, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nathanial K Copeland
- Clinical Trials Center, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Trevor A Crowell
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack N Hutter
- Clinical Trials Center, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Melinda J Hamer
- Clinical Trials Center, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Anais Valencia-Ruiz
- Diagnostic Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janice Darden
- Diagnostic Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheila Peel
- Diagnostic Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mihret F Amare
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tsedal Mebrahtu
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Costanzo
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pierzchalski A, Zenclussen AC, Herberth G. OMIP-94: Twenty-four-color (thirty-marker) panel for deep immunophenotyping of immune cells in human peripheral blood. Cytometry A 2023; 103:695-702. [PMID: 37254600 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This newly established 24-color (30-marker) panel focuses on the characterization of the main human immune cell subtypes and was optimized for the analysis of human whole blood using a full spectrum flow cytometer. The panel covers all main leukocyte populations: neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils, monocytes (with additional subsets), dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells and lymphocytes. As for lymphocytes, this panel includes CD4+ T helper, Treg cells, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Further T cells subsets are included with special focus on invariant T cells: γδ T cells (including δ2TCR variant), invariant NKT cells and MAIT (mucosal-associated invariant T cells) cells. Additionally, total B cells (including Bregs and plasmocytes), NK cells, and NKT cells are included. For the overall check of activation status of the analyzed immune cells we used HLA-DR, CD38, CD57, CD69, PD-1, and CD94. In addition, we used CD62L, CD45RA, CD27, and CD39 to describe the differentiation status of these cells. The panel was designed to maximize the information that can be obtained from surface markers in order to avoid the need for fixation and permeabilization steps. The presented multimarker panel offers the possibility to discover new immune cell subtypes which in patients and in cohort studies may lead to the identification of altered immune phenotypes and might give a link to immune system based or to certain other diseases. This panel was developed for a full spectrum flow cytometer equipped with a minimum of three lasers. We developed this panel using healthy human fresh blood, however it was also successfully used for staining of isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Pierzchalski
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Perinatal Immunology Research Group, Medical Faculty, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang J, Li J, Lin L. Statistical and machine learning methods for immunoprofiling based on single-cell data. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023:2234792. [PMID: 37485833 PMCID: PMC10373621 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2234792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoprofiling has become a crucial tool for understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and diseases or interventions, such as therapies and vaccinations. Immune response biomarkers are critical for understanding those relationships and potentially developing personalized intervention strategies. Single-cell data have emerged as a promising source for identifying immune response biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art methods for immunoprofiling, including those for reducing the dimensionality of high-dimensional single-cell data and methods for clustering, classification, and prediction. We also draw attention to recent developments in data integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Davies LRL, Smith MT, Cizmeci D, Fischinger S, Shih-Lu Lee J, Lu LL, Layton ED, Grant AD, Fielding K, Stein CM, Boom WH, Hawn TR, Fortune SM, Wallis RS, Churchyard GJ, Alter G, Seshadri C. IFN-γ independent markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure among male South African gold miners. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104678. [PMID: 37379655 PMCID: PMC10320233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of tuberculosis among men who work in the gold mines of South Africa is among the highest in the world, but a fraction of miners demonstrate consistently negative results upon tuberculin skin test (TST) and IFN-γ release assay (IGRA). We hypothesized that these "resisters" (RSTRs) may display unconventional immune signatures of exposure to M. tuberculosis (M.tb). METHODS In a cohort of RSTRs and matched controls with latent TB infection (LTBI), we profiled the functional breadth of M.tb antigen-specific T cell and antibody responses using multi-parameter flow cytometry and systems serology, respectively. FINDINGS RSTRs and LTBI controls both exhibited IFN-γ independent T-cell and IgG antibody responses to M.tb-specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Antigen-specific antibody Fc galactosylation and sialylation were higher among RSTRs. In a combined T-cell and antibody analysis, M.tb lysate-stimulated TNF secretion by T cells correlated positively with levels of purified protein derivative-specific IgG. A multivariate model of the combined data was able to differentiate RSTR and LTBI subjects. INTERPRETATION IFN-γ independent immune signatures of exposure to M.tb, which are not detected by approved clinical diagnostics, are readily detectable in an occupational cohort uniquely characterized by intense and long-term infection pressure. Further, TNF may mediate a coordinated response between M.tb-specific T-cells and B-cells. FUNDING This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (R01-AI124348 to Boom, Stein, and Hawn; R01-AI125189 and R01-AI146072 to Seshadri; and 75N93019C00071 to Fortune, Alter, Seshadri, and Boom), the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Davies), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151836 and OPP1109001 to Hawn; and OPP1151840 to Alter), Mass Life Science Foundation (Fortune), and Good Ventures Fund (Fortune).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leela R L Davies
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malisa T Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Lenette L Lu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erik D Layton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alison D Grant
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert S Wallis
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; The Aurum Institute, Parktown, South Africa
| | - Gavin J Churchyard
- The Aurum Institute, Parktown, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Tuberculosis Research Advancement Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qin K, Honjo K, Sherrill-Mix S, Liu W, Stoltz RM, Oman AK, Hall LA, Li R, Sterrett S, Frederick ER, Lancaster JR, Narkhede M, Mehta A, Ogunsile FJ, Patel RB, Ketas TJ, Cruz Portillo VM, Cupo A, Larimer BM, Bansal A, Goepfert PA, Hahn BH, Davis RS. Exposure of progressive immune dysfunction by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004157. [PMID: 37384638 PMCID: PMC10309642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have reduced seroconversion rates and lower binding antibody (Ab) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers than healthy individuals following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccination. Here, we dissected vaccine-mediated humoral and cellular responses to understand the mechanisms underlying CLL-induced immune dysfunction. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed a prospective observational study in SARS-CoV-2 infection-naïve CLL patients (n = 95) and healthy controls (n = 30) who were vaccinated between December 2020 and June 2021. Sixty-one CLL patients and 27 healthy controls received 2 doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine, while 34 CLL patients and 3 healthy controls received 2 doses of the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. The median time to analysis was 38 days (IQR, 27 to 83) for CLL patients and 36 days (IQR, 28 to 57) for healthy controls. Testing plasma samples for SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike and receptor-binding domain Abs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we found that all healthy controls seroconverted to both antigens, while CLL patients had lower response rates (68% and 54%) as well as lower median titers (23-fold and 30-fold; both p < 0.001). Similarly, NAb responses against the then prevalent D614G and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants were detected in 97% and 93% of controls, respectively, but in only 42% and 38% of CLL patients, who also exhibited >23-fold and >17-fold lower median NAb titers (both p < 0.001). Interestingly, 26% of CLL patients failed to develop NAbs but had high-titer binding Abs that preferentially reacted with the S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Since these patients were also seropositive for endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), these responses likely reflect cross-reactive HCoV Abs rather than vaccine-induced de novo responses. CLL disease status, advanced Rai stage (III-IV), elevated serum beta-2 microglobulin levels (β2m >2.4 mg/L), prior therapy, anti-CD20 immunotherapy (<12 months), and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) prophylaxis were all predictive of an inability to mount SARS-CoV-2 NAbs (all p ≤ 0.03). T cell response rates determined for a subset of participants were 2.8-fold lower for CLL patients compared to healthy controls (0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.27, p < 0.001), with reduced intracellular IFNγ staining (p = 0.03) and effector polyfunctionality (p < 0.001) observed in CD4+ but not in CD8+ T cells. Surprisingly, in treatment-naïve CLL patients, BNT162b2 vaccination was identified as an independent negative risk factor for NAb generation (5.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 27, p = 0.006). CLL patients who received mRNA-1273 had 12-fold higher (p < 0.001) NAb titers and 1.7-fold higher (6.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 32, p = 0.02) response rates than BNT162b2 vaccinees despite similar disease characteristics. The absence of detectable NAbs in CLL patients was associated with reduced naïve CD4+ T cells (p = 0.03) and increased CD8+ effector memory T cells (p = 0.006). Limitations of the study were that not all participants were subjected to the same immune analyses and that pre-vaccination samples were not available. CONCLUSIONS CLL pathogenesis is characterized by a progressive loss of adaptive immune functions, including in most treatment-naïve patients, with preexisting memory being preserved longer than the capacity to mount responses to new antigens. In addition, higher NAb titers and response rates identify mRNA-1273 as a superior vaccine for CLL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kazuhito Honjo
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Scott Sherrill-Mix
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Regina M. Stoltz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Allisa K. Oman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Lucinda A. Hall
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah Sterrett
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ellen R. Frederick
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Lancaster
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mayur Narkhede
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Amitkumar Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Foluso J. Ogunsile
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rima B. Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Ketas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Victor M. Cruz Portillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Albert Cupo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M. Larimer
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Anju Bansal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Randall S. Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Costanzo MC, Paquin-Proulx D, Schuetz A, Akapirat S, Shubin Z, Kim D, Wieczorek L, Polonis VR, Trinh HV, Rao M, Anenia H, Barrera MD, Boeckelman J, Nails B, Thapa P, Zemil M, Sacdalan C, Kroon E, Kaewboon B, Tipsuk S, Jongrakthaitae S, Gurunathan S, Sinangil F, Kim JH, Robb ML, Ake JA, O'Connell RJ, Pitisutthithum P, Nitayaphan S, Chariyalertsak S, Eller MA, Phanuphak N, Vasan S. ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E vaccination induce improved immune responses compared with AIDSVAX B/E vaccination alone. JCI Insight 2023; 8:167664. [PMID: 37154156 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The RV144 phase III vaccine trial demonstrated that ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E administration over 6 months resulted in 31% efficacy in preventing HIV acquisition, while administration of AIDSVAX B/E alone in both VAX003 and VAX004 studies failed to show efficacy. In this study, we aimed to understand the impact of ALVAC-HIV on the development of cellular, humoral, and functional immune responses compared to the administration of AIDSVAX B/E alone. ALVAC-HIV in combination with 3 doses of AIDSVAX B/E significantly increased CD4+ HIV-specific T cell responses, polyfunctionality, and proliferation compared with 3 doses of AIDSVAX B/E alone. Additionally, Env-specific plasmablasts and A244-specific memory B cells were identified with a significantly higher magnitude in the group that received ALVAC-HIV. Subsequently, data revealed increased magnitude of plasma IgG binding to and avidity for HIV Env in participants who received ALVAC-HIV compared with 3 doses of AIDSVAX B/E alone. Lastly, levels of the Fc-mediated effector functions antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, NK cell activation, and trogocytosis were significantly increased in participants who received ALVAC-HIV compared with those receiving AIDSVAX B/E alone. Taken together, these results suggest that ALVAC-HIV plays an essential role in developing cellular and humoral immune responses to protein-boosted regimens relative to protein alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Costanzo
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriwat Akapirat
- Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zhanna Shubin
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dohoon Kim
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria R Polonis
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hung V Trinh
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanna Anenia
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael D Barrera
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacob Boeckelman
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara Nails
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pallavi Thapa
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Zemil
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH, Institution of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eugene Kroon
- SEARCH, Institution of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boot Kaewboon
- Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Tipsuk
- Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Faruk Sinangil
- Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jerome H Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Merlin L Robb
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie A Ake
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J O'Connell
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Michael A Eller
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nittaya Phanuphak
- SEARCH, Institution of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kelkar NS, Morrison KS, Ackerman ME. Foundations for improved vaccine correlate of risk analysis using positive-unlabeled learning. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023:2204020. [PMID: 37133899 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2204020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insights into mechanisms of protection afforded by vaccine efficacy field trials can be complicated by both low rates of exposure and protection. However, these barriers do not preclude the discovery of correlates of reduced risk (CoR) of infection, which are a critical first step in defining correlates of protection (CoP). Given the significant investment in large-scale human vaccine efficacy trials and immunogenicity data collected to support CoR discovery, novel approaches for analyzing efficacy trials to optimally support discovery of CoP are critically needed. By simulating immunological data and evaluating several machine learning approaches, this study lays the groundwork for deploying Positive/Unlabeled (P/U) learning methods, which are designed to differentiate between two groups in cases where only one group has a definitive label and the other remains ambiguous. This description applies to case-control analysis designs for field trials of vaccine efficacy: infected subjects, or cases, are by definition unprotected, whereas uninfected subjects, or controls, may have been either protected or unprotected but simply never exposed. Here, we investigate the value of applying P/U learning to classify study subjects using model immunogenicity data based on predicted protection status in order to support new insights into mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection from infection. We demonstrate that P/U learning methods can reliably infer protection status, supporting the discovery of simulated CoP that are not observed in conventional comparisons of infection status cases and controls, and we propose next steps necessary for the practical deployment of this novel approach to correlate discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Kelkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kyle S Morrison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Williams LD, Shen X, Sawant SS, Akapirat S, Dahora LC, Tay MZ, Stanfield-Oakley S, Wills S, Goodman D, Tenney D, Spreng RL, Zhang L, Yates NL, Montefiori DC, Eller MA, Easterhoff D, Hope TJ, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pittisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Excler JL, Kim JH, Michael NL, Robb ML, O’Connell RJ, Karasavvas N, Vasan S, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD. Viral vector delivered immunogen focuses HIV-1 antibody specificity and increases durability of the circulating antibody recall response. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011359. [PMID: 37256916 PMCID: PMC10284421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The modestly efficacious HIV-1 vaccine regimen (RV144) conferred 31% vaccine efficacy at 3 years following the four-shot immunization series, coupled with rapid waning of putative immune correlates of decreased infection risk. New strategies to increase magnitude and durability of protective immunity are critically needed. The RV305 HIV-1 clinical trial evaluated the immunological impact of a follow-up boost of HIV-1-uninfected RV144 recipients after 6-8 years with RV144 immunogens (ALVAC-HIV alone, AIDSVAX B/E gp120 alone, or ALVAC-HIV + AIDSVAX B/E gp120). Previous reports demonstrated that this regimen elicited higher binding, antibody Fc function, and cellular responses than the primary RV144 regimen. However, the impact of the canarypox viral vector in driving antibody specificity, breadth, durability and function is unknown. We performed a follow-up analysis of humoral responses elicited in RV305 to determine the impact of the different booster immunogens on HIV-1 epitope specificity, antibody subclass, isotype, and Fc effector functions. Importantly, we observed that the ALVAC vaccine component directly contributed to improved breadth, function, and durability of vaccine-elicited antibody responses. Extended boosts in RV305 increased circulating antibody concentration and coverage of heterologous HIV-1 strains by V1V2-specific antibodies above estimated protective levels observed in RV144. Antibody Fc effector functions, specifically antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, were boosted to higher levels than was achieved in RV144. V1V2 Env IgG3, a correlate of lower HIV-1 risk, was not increased; plasma Env IgA (specifically IgA1), a correlate of increased HIV-1 risk, was elevated. The quality of the circulating polyclonal antibody response changed with each booster immunization. Remarkably, the ALVAC-HIV booster immunogen induced antibody responses post-second boost, indicating that the viral vector immunogen can be utilized to selectively enhance immune correlates of decreased HIV-1 risk. These results reveal a complex dynamic of HIV-1 immunity post-vaccination that may require careful balancing to achieve protective immunity in the vaccinated population. Trial registration: RV305 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01435135). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00223080.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LaTonya D. Williams
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sheetal S. Sawant
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Siriwat Akapirat
- Department of Retrovirology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lindsay C. Dahora
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew Zirui Tay
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sherry Stanfield-Oakley
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Saintedym Wills
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - DeAnna Tenney
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Spreng
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Yates
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Eller
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Easterhoff
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Punnee Pittisuttithum
- Royal Thai Army Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sorachai Nitayaphan
- Royal Thai Army Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jean-Louis Excler
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert J. O’Connell
- Department of Retrovirology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicos Karasavvas
- Department of Retrovirology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Phan JM, Layton ED, Yu KK, Aguilar MS, Golez I, Franko NM, Logue JK, Rodda LB, Howard CA, Pepper M, Gale M, Chu HY, Seshadri C. Cytotoxic T Cells Targeting Spike Glycoprotein Are Associated with Hybrid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1236-1246. [PMID: 36961450 PMCID: PMC10121904 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccination of individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provides superior protection against breakthrough infections with variants of concern compared with vaccination in the absence of prior infection. However, the immune mechanisms by which this hybrid immunity is generated and maintained are unknown. Whereas genetic variation in spike glycoprotein effectively subverts neutralizing Abs, spike-specific T cells are generally maintained against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Thus, we comprehensively profiled human T cell responses against the S1 and S2 domains of spike glycoprotein in a cohort of SARS-CoV-2-naive (n = 13) or -convalescent (n = 17) individuals who received two-dose mRNA vaccine series and were matched by age, sex, and vaccine type. Using flow cytometry, we observed that the overall functional breadth of CD4 T cells and polyfunctional Th1 responses was similar between the two groups. However, polyfunctional cytotoxic CD4 T cell responses against both S1 and S2 domains trended higher among convalescent subjects. Multimodal single-cell RNA sequencing revealed diverse functional programs in spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in both groups. However, convalescent individuals displayed enhanced cytotoxic and antiviral CD8 T cell responses to both S1 and S2 in the absence of cytokine production. Taken together, our data suggest that cytotoxic CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting spike glycoprotein may partially account for hybrid immunity and protection against breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolie M. Phan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erik D. Layton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Krystle K.Q. Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melissa S. Aguilar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Inah Golez
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Franko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Logue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lauren B. Rodda
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christian A. Howard
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stamos JD, Rahman MA, Gorini G, Silva de Castro I, Becerra-Flores M, Van Wazer DJ, N’Guessan KF, Clark NM, Bissa M, Gutowska A, Mason RD, Kim J, Rao M, Roederer M, Paquin-Proulx D, Evans DT, Cicala C, Arthos J, Kwong PD, Zhou T, Cardozo T, Franchini G. Effect of Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) V2 in CH59-Like Coil/Helical or β-Sheet Conformations on Time of SIV mac251 Acquisition. J Virol 2023; 97:e0186422. [PMID: 36976017 PMCID: PMC10134845 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01864-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) NCI05 and NCI09, isolated from a vaccinated macaque that was protected from multiple simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenges, both target an overlapping, conformationally dynamic epitope in SIV envelope variable region 2 (V2). Here, we show that NCI05 recognizes a CH59-like coil/helical epitope, whereas NCI09 recognizes a β-hairpin linear epitope. In vitro, NCI05 and, to a lesser extent, NCI09 mediate the killing of SIV-infected cells in a CD4-dependent manner. Compared to NCI05, NCI09 mediates higher titers of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to gp120-coated cells, as well as higher levels of trogocytosis, a monocyte function that contributes to immune evasion. We also found that passive administration of NCI05 or NCI09 to macaques did not affect the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition compared to controls, demonstrating that these anti-V2 antibodies alone are not protective. However, NCI05 but not NCI09 mucosal levels strongly correlated with delayed SIVmac251 acquisition, and functional and structural data suggest that NCI05 targets a transient state of the viral spike apex that is partially opened, compared to its prefusion-closed conformation. IMPORTANCE Studies suggest that the protection against SIV/simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) acquisition afforded by the SIV/HIV V1 deletion-containing envelope immunogens, delivered by the DNA/ALVAC vaccine platform, requires multiple innate and adaptive host responses. Anti-inflammatory macrophages and tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC-10), together with CD14+ efferocytes, are consistently found to correlate with a vaccine-induced decrease in the risk of SIV/SHIV acquisition. Similarly, V2-specific antibody responses mediating ADCC, Th1 and Th2 cells expressing no or low levels of CCR5, and envelope-specific NKp44+ cells producing interleukin 17 (IL-17) also are reproducible correlates of decreased risk of virus acquisition. We focused on the function and the antiviral potential of two monoclonal antibodies (NCI05 and NCI09) isolated from vaccinated animals that differ in antiviral function in vitro and recognize V2 in a linear (NCI09) or coil/helical (NCI05) conformation. We demonstrate that NCI05, but not NCI09, delays SIVmac251 acquisition, highlighting the complexity of antibody responses to V2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Stamos
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Manuel Becerra-Flores
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - David J. Van Wazer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kombo F. N’Guessan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Innate Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha M. Clark
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rosemarie D. Mason
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiae Kim
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Innate Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - David T. Evans
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cohen KW, Fiore-Gartland A, Walsh SR, Yusim K, Frahm N, Elizaga ML, Maenza J, Scott H, Mayer KH, Goepfert PA, Edupuganti S, Pantaleo G, Hutter J, Morris DE, De Rosa SC, Geraghty DE, Robb ML, Michael NL, Fischer W, Giorgi EE, Malhi H, Pensiero MN, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Gilbert PB, McElrath MJ, Haynes BF, Korber BT, Baden LR. Trivalent mosaic or consensus HIV immunogens prime humoral and broader cellular immune responses in adults. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163338. [PMID: 36787249 PMCID: PMC9927951 DOI: 10.1172/jci163338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDMosaic and consensus HIV-1 immunogens provide two distinct approaches to elicit greater breadth of coverage against globally circulating HIV-1 and have shown improved immunologic breadth in nonhuman primate models.METHODSThis double-blind randomized trial enrolled 105 healthy HIV-uninfected adults who received 3 doses of either a trivalent global mosaic, a group M consensus (CON-S), or a natural clade B (Nat-B) gp160 env DNA vaccine followed by 2 doses of a heterologous modified vaccinia Ankara-vectored HIV-1 vaccine or placebo. We performed prespecified blinded immunogenicity analyses at day 70 and day 238 after the first immunization. T cell responses to vaccine antigens and 5 heterologous Env variants were fully mapped.RESULTSEnv-specific CD4+ T cell responses were induced in 71% of the mosaic vaccine recipients versus 48% of the CON-S recipients and 48% of the natural Env recipients. The mean number of T cell epitopes recognized was 2.5 (95% CI, 1.2-4.2) for mosaic recipients, 1.6 (95% CI, 0.82-2.6) for CON-S recipients, and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.62-1.71) for Nat-B recipients. Mean breadth was significantly greater in the mosaic group than in the Nat-B group using overall (P = 0.014), prime-matched (P = 0.002), heterologous (P = 0.046), and boost-matched (P = 0.009) measures. Overall T cell breadth was largely due to Env-specific CD4+ T cell responses.CONCLUSIONPriming with a mosaic antigen significantly increased the number of epitopes recognized by Env-specific T cells and enabled more, albeit still limited, cross-recognition of heterologous variants. Mosaic and consensus immunogens are promising approaches to address global diversity of HIV-1.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02296541.FUNDINGUS NIH grants UM1 AI068614, UM1 AI068635, UM1 AI068618, UM1 AI069412, UL1 RR025758, P30 AI064518, UM1 AI100645, and UM1 AI144371, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant OPP52282.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen W. Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen R. Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karina Yusim
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marnie L. Elizaga
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janine Maenza
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hyman Scott
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Mayer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Julia Hutter
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daryl E. Morris
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel E. Geraghty
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Will Fischer
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Elena E. Giorgi
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Harmandeep Malhi
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael N. Pensiero
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter B. Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Bette T. Korber
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Meeting report: 6th Global Forum on Tuberculosis Vaccines, 22–25 February 2022, Toulouse, France. Vaccine X 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|
31
|
Qin K, Honjo K, Sherrill-Mix S, Liu W, Stoltz R, Oman AK, Hall LA, Li R, Sterrett S, Frederick ER, Lancaster JR, Narkhede M, Mehta A, Ogunsile FJ, Patel RB, Ketas TJ, Cruz Portillo VM, Cupo A, Larimer BM, Bansal A, Goepfert PA, Hahn BH, Davis RS. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination exposes progressive adaptive immune dysfunction in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.12.19.22283645. [PMID: 36597532 PMCID: PMC9810225 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.19.22283645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients have lower seroconversion rates and antibody titers following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, but the reasons for this diminished response are poorly understood. Here, we studied humoral and cellular responses in 95 CLL patients and 30 healthy controls after two BNT162b2 or mRNA-2173 mRNA immunizations. We found that 42% of CLL vaccinees developed SARS-CoV-2-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), while 32% had no response. Interestingly, 26% were seropositive, but had no detectable NAbs, suggesting the maintenance of pre-existing endemic human coronavirus-specific antibodies that cross-react with the S2 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. These individuals had more advanced disease. In treatment-naïve CLL patients, mRNA-2173 induced 12-fold higher NAb titers and 1.7-fold higher response rates than BNT162b2. These data reveal a graded loss of immune function, with pre-existing memory being preserved longer than the capacity to respond to new antigens, and identify mRNA-2173 as a superior vaccine for CLL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Kazuhito Honjo
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Scott Sherrill-Mix
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Regina Stoltz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Allisa K. Oman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lucinda A. Hall
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sarah Sterrett
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ellen R. Frederick
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Lancaster
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mayur Narkhede
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Amitkumar Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Foluso J. Ogunsile
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rima B. Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas J. Ketas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Victor M Cruz Portillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Albert Cupo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Larimer
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anju Bansal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Paul A. Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Randall S. Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,Lead Contact,Correspondence: (R.S.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dominelli F, Zingaropoli MA, Tartaglia M, Tortellini E, Guardiani M, Perri V, Pasculli P, Ciccone F, Malimpensa L, Baione V, Napoli A, Gaeta A, Lichtner M, Conte A, Mastroianni CM, Ciardi MR. Multiple sclerosis-disease modifying therapies affect humoral and T-cell response to mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050183. [PMID: 36532061 PMCID: PMC9753571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mRNA vaccines help protect from COVID-19 severity, however multiple sclerosis (MS) disease modifying therapies (DMTs) might affect the development of humoral and T-cell specific response to vaccination. Methods The aim of the study was to evaluate humoral and specific T-cell response, as well as B-cell activation and survival factors, in people with MS (pwMS) under DMTs before (T0) and after two months (T1) from the third dose of vaccine, comparing the obtained findings to healthy donors (HD). All possible combinations of intracellular IFNγ, IL2 and TNFα T-cell production were evaluated, and T-cells were labelled "responding T-cells", those cells that produced at least one of the three cytokines of interest, and "triple positive T-cells", those cells that produced simultaneously all the three cytokines. Results The cross-sectional evaluation showed no significant differences in anti-S antibody titers between pwMS and HD at both time-points. In pwMS, lower percentages of responding T-cells at T0 (CD4: p=0.0165; CD8: p=0.0022) and triple positive T-cells at both time-points compared to HD were observed (at T0, CD4: p=0.0007 and CD8: p=0.0703; at T1, CD4: p=0.0422 and CD8: p=0.0535). At T0, pwMS showed higher plasma levels of APRIL, BAFF and CD40L compared to HD (p<0.0001, p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively) and at T1, plasma levels of BAFF were still higher in pwMS compared to HD (p=0.0022).According to DMTs, at both T0 and T1, lower anti-S antibody titers in the depleting/sequestering-out compared to the enriching-in pwMS subgroup were found (p=0.0410 and p=0.0047, respectively) as well as lower percentages of responding CD4+ T-cells (CD4: p=0.0394 and p=0.0004, respectively). Moreover, the depleting/sequestering-out subgroup showed higher percentages of IFNγ-IL2-TNFα+ T-cells at both time-points, compared to the enriching-in subgroup in which a more heterogeneous cytokine profile was observed (at T0 CD4: p=0.0187; at T0 and T1 CD8: p =0.0007 and p =0.0077, respectively). Conclusion In pwMS, humoral and T-cell response to vaccination seems to be influenced by the different DMTs. pwMS under depleting/sequestering-out treatment can mount cellular responses even in the presence of a low positive humoral response, although the cellular response seems qualitatively inferior compared to HD. An understanding of T-cell quality dynamic is needed to determine the best vaccination strategy and in general the capability of immune response in pwMS under different DMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Dominelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Zingaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Maria Antonella Zingaropoli,
| | - Matteo Tartaglia
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eeva Tortellini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariasilvia Guardiani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Perri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasculli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ciccone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Malimpensa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Baione
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Napoli
- Department of Molecular medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Gaeta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Lichtner
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza, University of Rome, Latina, Italy,Department of Neurosciences Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Scientific Hospitalization and Treatment Institute, Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Norouzian M, Mehdipour F, Ashraf MJ, Khademi B, Ghaderi A. Regulatory and effector T cell subsets in tumor-draining lymph nodes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:56. [PMCID: PMC9664675 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A crucial role for the immune system has been proposed in the establishment and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we investigated the cytokine and regulatory profiles of T cells in tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) of patients with HNSCC.
Results
The frequencies of CD4+TNF-α+ and CD4+TNF-αhi negatively were associated with poor prognostic factors such as LN involvement (P = 0.015 and P = 0.019, respectively), stage of the disease (P = 0.032 and P = 0.010, respectively) and tumor size (P = 0.026 and P = 0.032, respectively). Frequencies of CD8+IFN-γ+ and CD8+IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ T cells showed negative relationship with tumor grade (P = 0.035 and P = 0.043, respectively). While, the frequencies of CD4+IL-4+, CD8+IL-10+, CD8+IL-4+T cells were higher in advanced stages of the disease (P = 0.042, P = 0.041 and P = 0.030, respectively) and CD4+IFN-γ+TNF-α−, CD8+IL-4+ and CD8+IFN-γ+TNF-α− T cells were higher in patients with larger tumor size (P = 0.026 and P = 0.032, respectively). Negative associations were found between the frequencies of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+CD127low/− Treg cells and cancer stage (P = 0.015 and P = 0.059).
Conclusion
This study shed more lights on the changes in immune profile of T cells in TDLNs of HNSCC. Larger tumor size and/or LN involvement were associated with lower frequencies of CD4+TNF-α+, CD8+IFN-γ+ and CD8+IFN-γ+TNF-α+ but higher frequency of CD4+IL-4+ T cells. Moreover, Foxp3+Tregs correlated with good prognostic indicators.
Collapse
|
34
|
Huang Y, Zhang Y, Seaton KE, De Rosa S, Heptinstall J, Carpp LN, Randhawa AK, McKinnon LR, McLaren P, Viegas E, Gray GE, Churchyard G, Buchbinder SP, Edupuganti S, Bekker LG, Keefer MC, Hosseinipour MC, Goepfert PA, Cohen KW, Williamson BD, McElrath MJ, Tomaras GD, Thakar J, Kobie JJ. Baseline host determinants of robust human HIV-1 vaccine-induced immune responses: A meta-analysis of 26 vaccine regimens. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104271. [PMID: 36179551 PMCID: PMC9520208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of baseline host determinants that associate with robust HIV-1 vaccine-induced immune responses could aid HIV-1 vaccine development. We aimed to assess both the collective and relative performance of baseline characteristics in classifying individual participants in nine different Phase 1-2 HIV-1 vaccine clinical trials (26 vaccine regimens, conducted in Africa and in the Americas) as High HIV-1 vaccine responders. METHODS This was a meta-analysis of individual participant data, with studies chosen based on participant-level (vs. study-level summary) data availability within the HIV-1 Vaccine Trials Network. We assessed the performance of 25 baseline characteristics (demographics, safety haematological measurements, vital signs, assay background measurements) and estimated the relative importance of each characteristic in classifying 831 participants as High (defined as within the top 25th percentile among positive responders or above the assay upper limit of quantification) versus Non-High responders. Immune response outcomes included HIV-1-specific serum IgG binding antibodies and Env-specific CD4+ T-cell responses assessed two weeks post-last dose, all measured at central HVTN laboratories. Three variable importance approaches based on SuperLearner ensemble machine learning were considered. FINDINGS Overall, 30.1%, 50.5%, 36.2%, and 13.9% of participants were categorized as High responders for gp120 IgG, gp140 IgG, gp41 IgG, and Env-specific CD4+ T-cell vaccine-induced responses, respectively. When including all baseline characteristics, moderate performance was achieved for the classification of High responder status for the binding antibody responses, with cross-validated areas under the ROC curve (CV-AUC) of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.76) for gp120 IgG, 0.73 (0.69, 0.76) for gp140 IgG, and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.72) for gp41 IgG. In contrast, the collection of all baseline characteristics yielded little improvement over chance for predicting High Env-specific CD4+ T-cell responses [CV-AUC: 0.53 (0.48, 0.58)]. While estimated variable importance patterns differed across the three approaches, female sex assigned at birth, lower height, and higher total white blood cell count emerged as significant predictors of High responder status across multiple immune response outcomes using Approach 1. Of these three baseline variables, total white blood cell count ranked highly across all three approaches for predicting vaccine-induced gp41 and gp140 High responder status. INTERPRETATION The identified features should be studied further in pursuit of intervention strategies to improve vaccine responses and may be adjusted for in analyses of immune response data to enhance statistical power. FUNDING National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UM1AI068635 to YH, UM1AI068614 to GDT, UM1AI068618 to MJM, and UM1 AI069511 to MCK), the Duke CFAR P30 AI064518 to GDT, and National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE027245 to JJK). This work was also supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of any of the funding sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kelly E Seaton
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Stephen De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jack Heptinstall
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - April Kaur Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN, Canada; JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MN, Canada; Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Paul McLaren
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN, Canada; JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MN, Canada
| | - Edna Viegas
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Glenda E Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gavin Churchyard
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan P Buchbinder
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Srilatha Edupuganti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael C Keefer
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Mina C Hosseinipour
- University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi; Department of Medicine, Institution for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Brian D Williamson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - James J Kobie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Files JK, Sterrett S, Henostroza S, Fucile C, Maroney K, Fram T, Mallal S, Kalams S, Carlson J, Rosenberg A, Erdmann N, Bansal A, Goepfert PA. HLA-II-Associated HIV-1 Adaptation Decreases CD4 + T-Cell Responses in HIV-1 Vaccine Recipients. J Virol 2022; 96:e0119122. [PMID: 36000845 PMCID: PMC9472760 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01191-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitopes with evidence of HLA-II-associated adaptation induce poorly immunogenic CD4+ T-cell responses in HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals. Many such escaped CD4+ T-cell epitopes are encoded by HIV-1 vaccines being evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we assessed whether this viral adaptation adversely impacts CD4+ T-cell responses following HIV-1 vaccination, thereby representing escaped epitopes. When evaluated in separate peptide pools, vaccine-encoded adapted epitopes (AE) induced CD4+ T-cell responses less frequently than nonadapted epitopes (NAE). We also demonstrated that in a polyvalent vaccine, where both forms of the same epitope were encoded, AE were less immunogenic. NAE-specific CD4+ T cells had increased, albeit low, levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) cytokine production. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses showed that NAE-specific CD4+ T cells expressed interferon-related genes, while AE-specific CD4+ T cells resembled a Th2 phenotype. Importantly, the magnitude of NAE-specific CD4+ T-cell responses, but not that of AE-specific responses, was found to positively correlate with Env-specific antibodies in a vaccine efficacy trial. Together, these findings show that HLA-II-associated viral adaptation reduces CD4+ T-cell responses in HIV-1 vaccine recipients and suggest that vaccines encoding a significant number of AE may not provide optimal B-cell help for HIV-specific antibody production. IMPORTANCE Despite decades of research, an effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive. Vaccine strategies leading to the generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies are likely needed to provide the best opportunity of generating a protective immune response against HIV-1. Numerous studies have demonstrated that T-cell help is necessary for effective antibody generation. However, immunogen sequences from recent HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials include CD4+ T-cell epitopes that have evidence of immune escape. Our study shows that these epitopes, termed adapted epitopes, elicit lower frequencies of CD4+ T-cell responses in recipients from multiple HIV-1 vaccine trials. Additionally, the counterparts to these epitopes, termed nonadapted epitopes, elicited CD4+ T-cell responses that correlated with Env-specific antibodies in one efficacy trial. These results suggest that vaccine-encoded adapted epitopes dampen CD4+ T-cell responses, potentially impacting both HIV-specific antibody production and efficacious vaccine efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K. Files
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarah Sterrett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sebastian Henostroza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher Fucile
- Informatics Institute, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kevin Maroney
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tim Fram
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Simon Mallal
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Spyros Kalams
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Alexander Rosenberg
- Informatics Institute, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nathan Erdmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Anju Bansal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Paul A. Goepfert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Moodie Z, Dintwe O, Sawant S, Grove D, Huang Y, Janes H, Heptinstall J, Omar FL, Cohen K, De Rosa SC, Zhang L, Yates NL, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Seaton KE, Laher F, Bekker LG, Malahleha M, Innes C, Kassim S, Naicker N, Govender V, Sebe M, Singh N, Kotze P, Lazarus E, Nchabeleng M, Ward AM, Brumskine W, Dubula T, Randhawa AK, Grunenberg N, Hural J, Kee JJ, Benkeser D, Jin Y, Carpp LN, Allen M, D’Souza P, Tartaglia J, DiazGranados CA, Koutsoukos M, Gilbert PB, Kublin JG, Corey L, Andersen-Nissen E, Gray GE, Tomaras GD, McElrath MJ. Analysis of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network 702 Phase 2b-3 HIV-1 Vaccine Trial in South Africa Assessing RV144 Antibody and T-Cell Correlates of HIV-1 Acquisition Risk. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:246-257. [PMID: 35758878 PMCID: PMC9890908 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ALVAC/gp120 + MF59 vaccines in the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 702 efficacy trial did not prevent human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) acquisition. Vaccine-matched immunological endpoints that were correlates of HIV-1 acquisition risk in RV144 were measured in HVTN 702 and evaluated as correlates of HIV-1 acquisition. METHODS Among 1893 HVTN 702 female vaccinees, 60 HIV-1-seropositive cases and 60 matched seronegative noncases were sampled. HIV-specific CD4+ T-cell and binding antibody responses were measured 2 weeks after fourth and fifth immunizations. Cox proportional hazards models assessed prespecified responses as predictors of HIV-1 acquisition. RESULTS The HVTN 702 Env-specific CD4+ T-cell response rate was significantly higher than in RV144 (63% vs 40%, P = .03) with significantly lower IgG binding antibody response rate and magnitude to 1086.C V1V2 (67% vs 100%, P < .001; Pmag < .001). Although no significant univariate associations were observed between any T-cell or binding antibody response and HIV-1 acquisition, significant interactions were observed (multiplicity-adjusted P ≤.03). Among vaccinees with high IgG A244 V1V2 binding antibody responses, vaccine-matched CD4+ T-cell endpoints associated with decreased HIV-1 acquisition (estimated hazard ratios = 0.40-0.49 per 1-SD increase in CD4+ T-cell endpoint). CONCLUSIONS HVTN 702 and RV144 had distinct immunogenicity profiles. However, both identified significant correlations (univariate or interaction) for IgG V1V2 and polyfunctional CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 acquisition. Clinical Trials Registration . NCT02968849.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - One Dintwe
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Doug Grove
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holly Janes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jack Heptinstall
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Faatima Laher Omar
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kristen Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole L Yates
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly E Seaton
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fatima Laher
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Linda Gail Bekker
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mookho Malahleha
- Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve, South Africa
- Synergy Biomed Research Institute, East London, South Africa
| | - Craig Innes
- The Aurum Institute, Klerksdorp, South Africa
| | - Sheetal Kassim
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nivashnee Naicker
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Nishanta Singh
- South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Philip Kotze
- Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Centre, Ladysmith, South Africa
| | - Erica Lazarus
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maphoshane Nchabeleng
- Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Amy M Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Thozama Dubula
- Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - April K Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole Grunenberg
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jia Jin Kee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Benkeser
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary Allen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia D’Souza
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James G Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erica Andersen-Nissen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Glenda E Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cohen KW, Tian Y, Thayer C, Seese A, Amezquita R, McElrath MJ, De Rosa SC, Gottardo R. Th2-Biased Transcriptional Profile Predicts HIV Envelope-Specific Polyfunctional CD4 + T Cells That Correlated with Reduced Risk of Infection in RV144 Trial. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:526-534. [PMID: 35803696 PMCID: PMC9476163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ag-specific T cells play a critical role in responding to viral infections. In the RV144 HIV vaccine clinical trial, a rare subset of HIV-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells correlated with reduced risk of HIV-1 infection. Polyfunctional T cells are a subset of Ag-specific T cells that are able to simultaneously produce multiple effector cytokines. Little is known about what differentiates polyfunctional T cells from other vaccine-elicited T cells in humans. Therefore, we developed a novel live-cell multiplexed cytokine capture assay to identify, isolate, and transcriptionally profile vaccine-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells. We applied these methods to samples from subjects who received the RV144 vaccine regimen, as part of the HVTN 097 clinical trial. We identified two surface receptors (CD44 and CD82) upregulated on polyfunctional T cells and a Th2-biased transcriptional signature (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) that predicted the envelope-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cell profiles that had correlated with reduced risk of HIV infection in RV144. By linking single-cell transcriptional and functional profiles, we may be able to further define the potential contributions of polyfunctional T cells to effective vaccine-elicited immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Casey Thayer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Aaron Seese
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert Amezquita
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; and
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Perdiguero B, Asbach B, Gómez CE, Köstler J, Barnett SW, Koutsoukos M, Weiss DE, Cristillo AD, Foulds KE, Roederer M, Montefiori DC, Yates NL, Ferrari G, Shen X, Sawant S, Tomaras GD, Sato A, Fulp WJ, Gottardo R, Ding S, Heeney JL, Pantaleo G, Esteban M, Wagner R. Early and Long-Term HIV-1 Immunogenicity Induced in Macaques by the Combined Administration of DNA, NYVAC and Env Protein-Based Vaccine Candidates: The AUP512 Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939627. [PMID: 35935978 PMCID: PMC9354927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To control HIV infection there is a need for vaccines to induce broad, potent and long-term B and T cell immune responses. With the objective to accelerate and maintain the induction of substantial levels of HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies and, at the same time, to enhance balanced CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, we evaluated the effect of concurrent administration of MF59-adjuvanted Env protein together with DNA or NYVAC vectors at priming to establish if early administration of Env leads to early induction of antibody responses. The primary goal was to assess the immunogenicity endpoint at week 26. Secondary endpoints were (i) to determine the quality of responses with regard to RV144 correlates of protection and (ii) to explore a potential impact of two late boosts. In this study, five different prime/boost vaccination regimens were tested in rhesus macaques. Animals received priming immunizations with either NYVAC or DNA alone or in combination with Env protein, followed by NYVAC + protein or DNA + protein boosts. All regimens induced broad, polyfunctional and well-balanced CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, with DNA-primed regimens eliciting higher response rates and magnitudes than NYVAC-primed regimens. Very high plasma binding IgG titers including V1/V2 specific antibodies, modest antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and moderate neutralization activity were observed. Of note, early administration of the MF59-adjuvanted Env protein in parallel with DNA priming leads to more rapid elicitation of humoral responses, without negatively affecting the cellular responses, while responses were rapidly boosted after repeated immunizations, indicating the induction of a robust memory response. In conclusion, our findings support the use of the Env protein component during priming in the context of an heterologous immunization regimen with a DNA and/or NYVAC vector as an optimized immunization protocol against HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen E. Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josef Köstler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Marguerite Koutsoukos
- Department of Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Deborah E. Weiss
- Department of Immunobiology, Advanced BioScience Laboratories (ABL) Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Anthony D. Cristillo
- Department of Immunobiology, Advanced BioScience Laboratories (ABL) Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nicole L. Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alicia Sato
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William J. Fulp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Translational Data Science, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Song Ding
- EuroVacc Foundation EuroVacc Programme Coordinator, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan L. Heeney
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII ), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mariano Esteban, ; Ralf Wagner,
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mariano Esteban, ; Ralf Wagner,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
van der Ploeg K, Kirosingh AS, Mori DAM, Chakraborty S, Hu Z, Sievers BL, Jacobson KB, Bonilla H, Parsonnet J, Andrews JR, Press KD, Ty MC, Ruiz-Betancourt DR, de la Parte L, Tan GS, Blish CA, Takahashi S, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Greenhouse B, Singh U, Wang TT, Jagannathan P. TNF-α + CD4 + T cells dominate the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response in COVID-19 outpatients and are associated with durable antibodies. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100640. [PMID: 35588734 PMCID: PMC9061140 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific CD4+ T cells are likely important in immunity against coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), but our understanding of CD4+ longitudinal dynamics following infection and of specific features that correlate with the maintenance of neutralizing antibodies remains limited. Here, we characterize SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells in a longitudinal cohort of 109 COVID-19 outpatients enrolled during acute infection. The quality of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ response shifts from cells producing interferon gamma (IFNγ) to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from 5 days to 4 months post-enrollment, with IFNγ-IL-21-TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells the predominant population detected at later time points. Greater percentages of IFNγ-IL-21-TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells on day 28 correlate with SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies measured 7 months post-infection (⍴ = 0.4, p = 0.01). mRNA vaccination following SARS-CoV-2 infection boosts both IFNγ- and TNF-α-producing, spike-protein-specific CD4+ T cells. These data suggest that SARS-CoV-2-specific, TNF-α-producing CD4+ T cells may play an important role in antibody maintenance following COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ response shifts from cells producing IFNγ to TNF-α SARS-CoV-2-specific IFNγ−TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells predominate at later timepoints IFNγ-TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells correlate with durable SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies Post-infection mRNA vaccination boosts both IFNγ+ and TNF-α+ S-specific CD4+ T cells
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kattria van der Ploeg
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam S Kirosingh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Diego A M Mori
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Saborni Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zicheng Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Karen B Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hector Bonilla
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julie Parsonnet
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jason R Andrews
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathleen D Press
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maureen C Ty
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Lauren de la Parte
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gene S Tan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Saki Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Upinder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taia T Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nouatin O, Ibáñez J, Fendel R, Ngoa UA, Lorenz FR, Dejon-Agobé JC, Edoa JR, Flügge J, Brückner S, Esen M, Theisen M, Hoffman SL, Moutairou K, Luty AJF, Lell B, Kremsner PG, Adegnika AA, Mordmüller B. Cellular and antibody response in GMZ2-vaccinated Gabonese volunteers in a controlled human malaria infection trial. Malar J 2022; 21:191. [PMID: 35715803 PMCID: PMC9204906 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody and cellular memory responses following vaccination are important measures of immunogenicity. These immune markers were quantified in the framework of a vaccine trial investigating the malaria vaccine candidate GMZ2. METHODS Fifty Gabonese adults were vaccinated with two formulations (aluminum Alhydrogel and CAF01) of GMZ2 or a control vaccine (Verorab). Vaccine efficacy was assessed using controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) by direct venous inoculation of 3200 live Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge). GMZ2-stimulated T and specific B-cell responses were estimated by flow cytometry before and after vaccination. Additionally, the antibody response against 212 P. falciparum antigens was estimated before CHMI by protein microarray. RESULTS Frequencies of pro- and anti-inflammatory CD4+ T cells stimulated with the vaccine antigen GMZ2 as well as B cell profiles did not change after vaccination. IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells and CD20+ IgG+ B cells were increased post-vaccination regardless of the intervention, thus could not be specifically attributed to any malaria vaccine regimen. In contrast, GMZ2-specific antibody response increased after the vaccination, but was not correlated to protection. Antibody responses to several P. falciparum blood and liver stage antigens (MSP1, MSP4, MSP8, PfEMP1, STARP) as well as the breadth of the malaria-specific antibody response were significantly higher in protected study participants. CONCLUSIONS In lifelong malaria exposed adults, the main marker of protection against CHMI is a broad antibody pattern recognizing multiple stages of the plasmodial life cycle. Despite vaccination with GMZ2 using a novel formulation, expansion of the GMZ2-stimulated T cells or the GMZ2-specific B cell response was limited, and the vaccine response could not be identified as a marker of protection against malaria. Trial registration PACTR; PACTR201503001038304; Registered 17 February 2015; https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=1038.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odilon Nouatin
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP : 242, Lambaréné, Gabon. .,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany. .,Département de Biochimie Et de Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin.
| | - Javier Ibáñez
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP : 242, Lambaréné, Gabon. .,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Ulysse A Ngoa
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP : 242, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Freia-Raphaella Lorenz
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Claude Dejon-Agobé
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP : 242, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Ronald Edoa
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP : 242, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Judith Flügge
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sina Brückner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meral Esen
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP : 242, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Theisen
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | | | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Département de Biochimie Et de Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Adrian J F Luty
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et a l'Enfance, Calavi, Bénin.,MERIT, Université de Paris, Paris, IRD, France
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP : 242, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP : 242, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ayola A Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP : 242, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Fondation pour la Recherche Scientifique, 72 BP45, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP : 242, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Richert L, Lelièvre JD, Lacabaratz C, Hardel L, Hocini H, Wiedemann A, Lucht F, Poizot-Martin I, Bauduin C, Diallo A, Rieux V, Rouch E, Surenaud M, Lefebvre C, Foucat E, Tisserand P, Guillaumat L, Durand M, Hejblum B, Launay O, Thiébaut R, Lévy Y. T Cell Immunogenicity, Gene Expression Profile, and Safety of Four Heterologous Prime-Boost Combinations of HIV Vaccine Candidates in Healthy Volunteers: Results of the Randomized Multi-Arm Phase I/II ANRS VRI01 Trial. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2663-2674. [PMID: 35613727 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous prime-boost strategies are of interest for HIV vaccine development. The order of prime-boost components could be important for the induction of T cell responses. In this phase I/II multi-arm trial, three vaccine candidates were used as prime or boost: modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) HIV-B (coding for Gag, Pol, Nef); HIV LIPO-5 (five lipopeptides from Gag, Pol, Nef); DNA GTU-MultiHIV B (coding for Rev, Nef, Tat, Gag, Env gp160 clade B). Healthy human volunteers (n = 92) were randomized to four groups: 1) MVA at weeks 0/8 + LIPO-5 at weeks 20/28 (M/L); 2) LIPO-5 at weeks 0/8 + MVA at weeks 20/28 (L/M); 3) DNA at weeks 0/4/12 + LIPO-5 at weeks 20/28 (G/L); 4) DNA at weeks 0/4/12 + MVA at weeks 20/28 (G/M). The frequency of IFN-γ-ELISPOT responders at week 30 was 33, 43, 0, and 74%, respectively. Only MVA-receiving groups were further analyzed (n = 62). Frequency of HIV-specific cytokine-positive (IFN-γ, IL-2, or TNF-α) CD4+ T cells increased significantly from week 0 to week 30 (median change of 0.06, 0.11, and 0.10% for M/L, L/M, and G/M, respectively), mainly after MVA vaccinations, and was sustained until week 52. HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses increased significantly at week 30 in M/L and G/M (median change of 0.02 and 0.05%). Significant whole-blood gene expression changes were observed 2 wk after the first MVA injection, regardless of its use as prime or boost. An MVA gene signature was identified, including 86 genes mainly related to cell cycle pathways. Three prime-boost strategies led to CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and to a whole-blood gene expression signature primarily due to their MVA HIV-B component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Richert
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
- Inria SISTM Team, Talence, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelièvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Lucile Hardel
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Hakim Hocini
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Aurélie Wiedemann
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Lucht
- CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
- Université Jean Monnet and Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Isabelle Poizot-Martin
- Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, APHM Sainte-Marguerite, Service d'Immuno-Hématologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Bauduin
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | | | - Véronique Rieux
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM-ANRS, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Rouch
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Surenaud
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Cécile Lefebvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Emile Foucat
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Pascaline Tisserand
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Lydia Guillaumat
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Mélany Durand
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
- Inria SISTM Team, Talence, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Boris Hejblum
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
- Inria SISTM Team, Talence, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Odile Launay
- CIC 1417 F-CRIN I-REIVAC, INSERM, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France; and
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
- Inria SISTM Team, Talence, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Balle C, Armistead B, Kiravu A, Song X, Happel AU, Hoffmann AA, Kanaan SB, Nelson JL, Gray CM, Jaspan HB, Harrington WE. Factors influencing maternal microchimerism throughout infancy and its impact on infant T cell immunity. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:148826. [PMID: 35550376 PMCID: PMC9246390 DOI: 10.1172/jci148826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Determinants of the acquisition and maintenance of maternal microchimerism (MMc) during infancy and the impact of MMc on infant immune responses are unknown. We examined factors which influence MMc detection and level across infancy and the effect of MMc on T cell responses to BCG vaccination in a cohort of HIV exposed, uninfected and HIV unexposed infants in South Africa. MMc was measured in whole blood from 58 infants using a panel of quantitative PCR assays at day one and 7, 15, and 36 weeks of life. Infants received BCG at birth, and selected whole blood samples from infancy were stimulated in vitro with BCG and assessed for polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses. MMc was present in most infants across infancy with levels ranging from 0-1,193/100,000 genomic equivalents and was positively impacted by absence of maternal HIV, maternal-infant HLA compatibility, infant female sex, and exclusive breastfeeding. Initiation of maternal antiretroviral therapy prior to pregnancy partially restored MMc levels in HIV exposed, uninfected infants. Birth MMc was associated with an improved polyfunctional CD4+ T cell response to BCG. These data emphasize that both maternal and infant factors influence MMc, which may subsequently impact infant T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Balle
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Blair Armistead
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Agano Kiravu
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Xiaochang Song
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Anna-Ursula Happel
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Angela A Hoffmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sami B Kanaan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States of America
| | - J Lee Nelson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Clive M Gray
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather B Jaspan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Whitney E Harrington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Warr AJ, Anterasian C, Shah JA, De Rosa SC, Nguyen FK, Maleche-Obimbo E, Cranmer LM, Matemo D, Mecha J, Kinuthia J, LaCourse SM, John-Stewart GC, Hawn TR. A CD4+ TNF+ monofunctional memory T-cell response to BCG vaccination is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in infants exposed to HIV. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104023. [PMID: 35533496 PMCID: PMC9092381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunologic correlates of risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection after BCG vaccination are unknown. The mechanism by which BCG influences the tuberculin skin test (TST) remains poorly understood. We evaluated CD4+ T-cell responses in infants exposed to HIV and uninfected (HEU) who received BCG at birth and examined their role in susceptibility to Mtb infection and influence on TST induration. METHODS HEU infants were enrolled in a randomised clinical trial of isoniazid (INH) to prevent Mtb infection in Kenya. We measured mycobacterial antigen-specific Th1 and Th17 cytokine responses at 6-10 weeks of age prior to INH randomisation and compared responses between Mtb infected and uninfected infants. Outcomes at 14 months of age included TST, QuantiFERON-Plus (QFT-Plus), and ESAT-6/CFP-10-specific non-IFN-γ cytokines measured in QFT-Plus supernatants. FINDINGS A monofunctional mycobacterial antigen-specific TNF+ CD4+ effector memory (CCR7-CD45RA-) T-cell response at 6-10 weeks of age was associated with Mtb infection at 14 months of age as measured by ESAT-6/CFP-10-specific IFN-γ and non-IFN-γ responses (Odds Ratio 2.26; Confidence Interval 1.27-4.15; P = 0.006). Mycobacterial antigen-specific polyfunctional effector memory Th1 responses at 6-10 weeks positively correlated with TST induration in infants without evidence of Mtb infection at 14 months, an association which was diminished by INH therapy. INTERPRETATION Induction of monofunctional TNF+ CD4+ effector memory T-cell responses may be detrimental in TB vaccine development. This study also provides mechanistic insight into the association of BCG-induced immune responses with TST induration and further evidence that TST-based diagnoses of Mtb infection in infants are imprecise. FUNDING Thrasher Research Fund.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Warr
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA 98109, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Christine Anterasian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Javeed A Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA 98109, USA,Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave North, E4-200, Seattle, WA 98109, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Felicia K. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Kenyatta National Hospital, PO Box 20723-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lisa M. Cranmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel Matemo
- Kenyatta National Hospital, PO Box 20723-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jerphason Mecha
- Kenyatta National Hospital, PO Box 20723-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Kinuthia
- Kenyatta National Hospital, PO Box 20723-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sylvia M. LaCourse
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA 98109, USA,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Grace C. John-Stewart
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA 98109, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Thomas R. Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Johnston SC, Ricks KM, Lakhal-Naouar I, Jay A, Subra C, Raymond JL, King HAD, Rossi F, Clements TL, Fetterer D, Tostenson S, Cincotta CM, Hack HR, Kuklis C, Soman S, King J, Peachman KK, Kim D, Chen WH, Sankhala RS, Martinez EJ, Hajduczki A, Chang WC, Choe M, Thomas PV, Peterson CE, Anderson A, Swafford I, Currier JR, Paquin-Proulx D, Jagodzinski LL, Matyas GR, Rao M, Gromowski GD, Peel SA, White L, Smith JM, Hooper JW, Michael NL, Modjarrad K, Joyce MG, Nalca A, Bolton DL, Pitt MLM. A SARS-CoV-2 Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle Vaccine Is Protective and Promotes a Strong Immunological Response in the Cynomolgus Macaque Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050717. [PMID: 35632473 PMCID: PMC9145473 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a staggering impact on social, economic, and public health systems worldwide. Vaccine development and mobilization against SARS-CoV-2 (the etiologic agent of COVID-19) has been rapid. However, novel strategies are still necessary to slow the pandemic, and this includes new approaches to vaccine development and/or delivery that will improve vaccination compliance and demonstrate efficacy against emerging variants. Here, we report on the immunogenicity and efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine comprising stabilized, pre-fusion spike protein trimers displayed on a ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) adjuvanted with either conventional aluminum hydroxide or the Army Liposomal Formulation QS-21 (ALFQ) in a cynomolgus macaque COVID-19 model. Vaccination resulted in robust cell-mediated and humoral responses and a significant reduction in lung lesions following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The strength of the immune response suggests that dose sparing through reduced or single dosing in primates may be possible with this vaccine. Overall, the data support further evaluation of SpFN as a SARS-CoV-2 protein-based vaccine candidate with attention to fractional dosing and schedule optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Johnston
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.S.); (J.W.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Keersten M. Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (K.M.R.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Ines Lakhal-Naouar
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Alexandra Jay
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Caroline Subra
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Jo Lynne Raymond
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Hannah A. D. King
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Franco Rossi
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Tamara L. Clements
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (K.M.R.); (T.L.C.)
| | - David Fetterer
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Samantha Tostenson
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Camila Macedo Cincotta
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Holly R. Hack
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Caitlin Kuklis
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Sandrine Soman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Jocelyn King
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Kristina K. Peachman
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Dohoon Kim
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Rajeshwer S. Sankhala
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Elizabeth J. Martinez
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - William C. Chang
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Misook Choe
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Paul V. Thomas
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Caroline E. Peterson
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Alexander Anderson
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Isabella Swafford
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Linda L. Jagodzinski
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Gregory D. Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Sheila A. Peel
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Lauren White
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Jeffrey M. Smith
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.S.); (J.W.H.)
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.S.); (J.W.H.)
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - M. Gordon Joyce
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Aysegul Nalca
- Core Support Directorate, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Diane L. Bolton
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Margaret L. M. Pitt
- Office of the Science Advisor, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bender Ignacio RA, Long J, Saha A, Nguyen FK, Joudeh L, Valinetz E, Mendelsohn SC, Scriba TJ, Hatherill M, Janes H, Churchyard G, Buchbinder S, Duerr A, Shah JA, Hawn TR. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, immune activation, and risk of HIV acquisition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267729. [PMID: 35503767 PMCID: PMC9064099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immune activation is associated with HIV acquisition, the nature of inflammatory profiles that increase HIV risk, which may include responses to M. tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, are not well characterized. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study using cryopreserved samples from persons who did and did not acquire HIV during the multinational Step clinical trial of the MRKAd5 HIV-1 vaccine. PBMCs from the last HIV-negative sample from incident HIV cases and controls were stimulated with Mtb-specific antigens (ESAT-6/CFP-10) and analyzed by flow cytometry with intracellular cytokine staining and scored with COMPASS. We measured inflammatory profiles with five Correlates of TB Risk (CoR) transcriptomic signatures. Our primary analysis examined the association of latent Mtb infection (LTBI; IFNγ+CD4+ T cell frequency) or RISK6 CoR signature with HIV acquisition. Conditional logistic regression analyses, adjusted for known predictors of HIV acquisition, were employed to assess whether TB-associated immune markers were associated with HIV acquisition. RESULTS Among 465 participants, LTBI prevalence (21.5% controls vs 19.1% cases, p = 0.51) and the RISK6 signature were not higher in those who acquired HIV. In exploratory analyses, Mtb antigen-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cell COMPASS scores (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.77, 1.20) were not higher in those who acquired HIV. Two CoR signatures, Sweeney3 (aOR 1.38 (1.07, 1.78) per SD change) and RESPONSE5 (0.78 (0.61, 0.98)), were associated with HIV acquisition. The transcriptomic pattern used to differentiate active vs latent TB (Sweeney3) was most strongly associated with acquiring HIV. CONCLUSIONS LTBI, Mtb polyfunctional antigen-specific CD4+ T cell activation, and RISK6 were not identified as risks for HIV acquisition. In exploratory transcriptomic analyses, two CoR signatures were associated with HIV risk after adjustment for known behavioral and clinical risk factors. We identified host gene expression signatures associated with HIV acquisition, but the observed effects are likely not mediated through Mtb infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Bender Ignacio
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Long
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Aparajita Saha
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Felicia K. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lara Joudeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Ethan Valinetz
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Simon C. Mendelsohn
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Holly Janes
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Gavin Churchyard
- Aurum Institute, Parktown, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Susan Buchbinder
- San Francisco Department of Public Health and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ann Duerr
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Javeed A. Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jotschke S, Schulze S, Jaekel N, Ludwig-Kraus B, Engelmann R, Kraus FB, Zahn C, Nedlitz N, Prange-Krex G, Mohm J, Peuser B, Schwarz M, Spohn C, Behlendorf T, Binder M, Junghanss C, Böttcher S, Al-Ali HK. Longitudinal Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasms Compared to a Reference Cohort: Results of a Prospective Trial of the East German Study Group for Hematology and Oncology (OSHO). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061544. [PMID: 35326695 PMCID: PMC8946280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess humoral responses longitudinally and cellular immunogenicity following SARS-CoV-2-vaccination in patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies receiving checkpoint-inhibitors. Methods: This prospective multicenter trial of the East-German-Study-Group-for-Hematology-and-Oncology, enrolled 398 adults in a two (patients; n = 262) to one (controls; n = 136) ratio. Pre-vaccination, day 35 (d35), and day 120 (d120) blood samples were analyzed for anti-spike antibodies and d120 IL-2+IFNγ+TNFα+-CD4+- and CD8+-cells. Laboratories were blinded for patients and controls. Results: Patients belonged to the myeloid (n = 131), lymphoid (n = 104), and checkpoint-inhibitor (n = 17) cohorts. While d35 seroconversion was higher in controls (98%) compared to patients (68%) (p < 0.001), d120 seroconversion improved across all patient cohorts [checkpoint-inhibitors (81% to 100%), myeloid (82% to 97%), lymphoid (48% to 66%)]. CD4+- and CovCD8+-cells in the lymphoid (71%/31%) and control (74%/42%) cohorts were comparable but fewer in the myeloid cohort (53%, p = 0.003 /24%, p = 0.03). In patients with hematologic malignancies, no correlation between d120 humoral and cellular responses was found. A sizeable fraction of lymphoid patients demonstrated T-cell responses without detectable spike-specific-IgGs. Conclusions: Evidence of vaccine-elicited humoral and/or cellular immunogenicity in most patients is provided. Both humoral and cellular responses are crucial to determine which patients will generate/maintain immunity. The findings have implications on public health policy regarding recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 booster doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jotschke
- Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.J.); (S.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Susann Schulze
- Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.J.); (S.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Nadja Jaekel
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.J.); (C.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Beatrice Ludwig-Kraus
- Central Laboratory, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (B.L.-K.); (F.B.K.)
| | - Robby Engelmann
- Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.E.); (C.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Frank Bernhard Kraus
- Central Laboratory, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (B.L.-K.); (F.B.K.)
| | - Christina Zahn
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.J.); (C.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Nicole Nedlitz
- Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.J.); (S.S.); (N.N.)
| | | | - Johannes Mohm
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Mohm/Prange-Krex, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.P.-K.); (J.M.)
| | - Bettina Peuser
- Internistisch-Onkologische Ärztegemeinschaft, 04179 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Maik Schwarz
- Paracelsus Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Schwerpunktpraxis für Hämatologie und Onkologie, 08261 Schoeneck, Germany;
| | - Claudia Spohn
- Hämatologisch-Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, 06110 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Timo Behlendorf
- Gemeinschaftspraxis für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Gastroenterologie, 06110 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Mascha Binder
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.J.); (C.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.E.); (C.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastian Böttcher
- Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.E.); (C.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Haifa Kathrin Al-Ali
- Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.J.); (S.S.); (N.N.)
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.J.); (C.Z.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-5657-7712
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Enhanced SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD4 + T Cell Activation and Multifunctionality in Late Convalescent COVID-19 Individuals. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030511. [PMID: 35336918 PMCID: PMC8954911 DOI: 10.3390/v14030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Examination of CD4+ T cell responses during the natural course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection offers useful information for the improvement of vaccination strategies against this virus and the protective effect of these T cells. Methods: We characterized the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell activation marker, multifunctional cytokine and cytotoxic marker expression in recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) individuals. Results: CD4+ T-cell responses in late convalescent (>6 months of diagnosis) individuals are characterized by elevated frequencies of activated as well as mono, dual- and multi-functional Th1 and Th17 CD4+ T cells in comparison to early convalescent (<1 month of diagnosis) individuals following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2-specific antigens. Similarly, the frequencies of cytotoxic marker expressing CD4+ T cells were also enhanced in late convalescent compared to early convalescent individuals. Conclusion: Our findings from a low-to middle-income country suggest protective adaptive immune responses following natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 are elevated even at six months following initial symptoms, indicating the CD4+ T cell mediated immune protection lasts for six months or more in natural infection.
Collapse
|
48
|
van Heuvel Y, Schatz S, Rosengarten JF, Stitz J. Infectious RNA: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Biology, Therapeutic Intervention, and the Quest for a Vaccine. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020138. [PMID: 35202165 PMCID: PMC8876946 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different mechanisms mediate the toxicity of RNA. Genomic retroviral mRNA hijacks infected host cell factors to enable virus replication. The viral genomic RNA of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encompasses nine genes encoding in less than 10 kb all proteins needed for replication in susceptible host cells. To do so, the genomic RNA undergoes complex alternative splicing to facilitate the synthesis of the structural, accessory, and regulatory proteins. However, HIV strongly relies on the host cell machinery recruiting cellular factors to complete its replication cycle. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) targets different steps in the cycle, preventing disease progression to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The comprehension of the host immune system interaction with the virus has fostered the development of a variety of vaccine platforms. Despite encouraging provisional results in vaccine trials, no effective vaccine has been developed, yet. However, novel promising vaccine platforms are currently under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin van Heuvel
- Research Group Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln—University of Applied Sciences, Chempark Leverkusen, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany; (Y.v.H.); (S.S.); (J.F.R.)
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3-9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schatz
- Research Group Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln—University of Applied Sciences, Chempark Leverkusen, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany; (Y.v.H.); (S.S.); (J.F.R.)
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3-9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jamila Franca Rosengarten
- Research Group Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln—University of Applied Sciences, Chempark Leverkusen, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany; (Y.v.H.); (S.S.); (J.F.R.)
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3-9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörn Stitz
- Research Group Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln—University of Applied Sciences, Chempark Leverkusen, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany; (Y.v.H.); (S.S.); (J.F.R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Moncunill G, Carnes J, Chad Young W, Carpp L, De Rosa S, Campo JJ, Nhabomba A, Mpina M, Jairoce C, Finak G, Haas P, Muriel C, Van P, Sanz H, Dutta S, Mordmüller B, Agnandji ST, Díez-Padrisa N, Williams NA, Aponte JJ, Valim C, Neafsey DE, Daubenberger C, McElrath MJ, Dobaño C, Stuart K, Gottardo R. Transcriptional correlates of malaria in RTS,S/AS01-vaccinated African children: a matched case–control study. eLife 2022; 11:70393. [PMID: 35060479 PMCID: PMC8782572 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In a phase 3 trial in African infants and children, the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine (GSK) showed moderate efficacy against clinical malaria. We sought to further understand RTS,S/AS01-induced immune responses associated with vaccine protection. Methods: Applying the blood transcriptional module (BTM) framework, we characterized the transcriptomic response to RTS,S/AS01 vaccination in antigen-stimulated (and vehicle control) peripheral blood mononuclear cells sampled from a subset of trial participants at baseline and month 3 (1-month post-third dose). Using a matched case–control study design, we evaluated which of these ‘RTS,S/AS01 signature BTMs’ associated with malaria case status in RTS,S/AS01 vaccinees. Antigen-specific T-cell responses were analyzed by flow cytometry. We also performed a cross-study correlates analysis where we assessed the generalizability of our findings across three controlled human malaria infection studies of healthy, malaria-naive adult RTS,S/AS01 recipients. Results: RTS,S/AS01 vaccination was associated with downregulation of B-cell and monocyte-related BTMs and upregulation of T-cell-related BTMs, as well as higher month 3 (vs. baseline) circumsporozoite protein-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. There were few RTS,S/AS01-associated BTMs whose month 3 levels correlated with malaria risk. In contrast, baseline levels of BTMs associated with dendritic cells and with monocytes (among others) correlated with malaria risk. The baseline dendritic cell- and monocyte-related BTM correlations with malaria risk appeared to generalize to healthy, malaria-naive adults. Conclusions: A prevaccination transcriptomic signature associates with malaria in RTS,S/AS01-vaccinated African children, and elements of this signature may be broadly generalizable. The consistent presence of monocyte-related modules suggests that certain monocyte subsets may inhibit protective RTS,S/AS01-induced responses. Funding: Funding was obtained from the NIH-NIAID (R01AI095789), NIH-NIAID (U19AI128914), PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, PI11/00423 and PI14/01422). The RNA-seq project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under grant number U19AI110818 to the Broad Institute. This study was also supported by the Vaccine Statistical Support (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation award INV-008576/OPP1154739 to R.G.). C.D. was the recipient of a Ramon y Cajal Contract from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (RYC-2008-02631). G.M. was the recipient of a Sara Borrell–ISCIII fellowship (CD010/00156) and work was performed with the support of Department of Health, Catalan Government grant (SLT006/17/00109). This research is part of the ISGlobal’s Program on the Molecular Mechanisms of Malaria which is partially supported by the Fundación Ramón Areces and we acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023’ Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas
| | - Jason Carnes
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | - William Chad Young
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Lindsay Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Stephen De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | | | - Augusto Nhabomba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça
| | | | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Paige Haas
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | - Carl Muriel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Phu Van
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Héctor Sanz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona
| | | | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research
| | - Selidji T Agnandji
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), BP 242
| | | | | | - John J Aponte
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona
| | - Clarissa Valim
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Daniel E Neafsey
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | | | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas
| | - Ken Stuart
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- University of Lausanne and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Berendam SJ, Morgan-Asiedu PK, Mangan RJ, Li SH, Heimsath H, Luo K, Curtis AD, Eudailey JA, Fox CB, Tomai MA, Phillips B, Itell HL, Kunz E, Hudgens M, Cronin K, Wiehe K, Alam SM, Van Rompay KKA, De Paris K, Permar SR, Moody MA, Fouda GG. Different adjuvanted pediatric HIV envelope vaccines induced distinct plasma antibody responses despite similar B cell receptor repertoires in infant rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0256885. [PMID: 34972105 PMCID: PMC8719683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Different HIV vaccine regimens elicit distinct plasma antibody responses in both human and nonhuman primate models. Previous studies in human and non-human primate infants showed that adjuvants influenced the quality of plasma antibody responses induced by pediatric HIV envelope vaccine regimens. We recently reported that use of the 3M052-SE adjuvant and longer intervals between vaccinations are associated with higher magnitude of antibody responses in infant rhesus macaques. However, the impact of different adjuvants in HIV vaccine regimens on the developing infant B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire has not been studied. This study evaluated whether pediatric HIV envelope vaccine regimens with different adjuvants induced distinct antigen-specific memory B cell repertoires and whether specific immunoglobulin (Ig) immunogenetic characteristics are associated with higher magnitude of plasma antibody responses in vaccinated infant rhesus macaques. We utilized archived preclinical pediatric HIV vaccine studies PBMCs and tissue samples from 19 infant rhesus macaques immunized either with (i) HIV Env protein with a squalene adjuvant, (ii) MVA-HIV and Env protein co-administered using a 3-week interval, (iii) MVA-HIV prime/ protein boost with an extended 6-week interval between immunizations, or (iv) with HIV Env administered with 3M-052-SE adjuvant. Frequencies of vaccine-elicited HIV Env-specific memory B cells from PBMCs and tissues were similar across vaccination groups (frequency range of 0.06–1.72%). There was no association between vaccine-elicited antigen-specific memory B cell frequencies and plasma antibody titer or avidity. Moreover, the epitope specificity and Ig immunogenetic features of vaccine-elicited monoclonal antibodies did not differ between the different vaccine regimens. These data suggest that pediatric HIV envelope vaccine candidates with different adjuvants that previously induced higher magnitude and quality of plasma antibody responses in infant rhesus macaques were not driven by distinct antigen-specific memory BCR repertoires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella J. Berendam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Papa K. Morgan-Asiedu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Riley J. Mangan
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shuk Hang Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Holly Heimsath
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kan Luo
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alan D. Curtis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children’s Research Institute and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Eudailey
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), Seattle, Washington State, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington State, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Tomai
- 3M Center, 3 M Drug Delivery Systems, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Phillips
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children’s Research Institute and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hannah L. Itell
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erika Kunz
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Cronin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Koen K. A. Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children’s Research Institute and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - M. Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Genevieve G. Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|