1
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Campàs O, Noordstra I, Yap AS. Adherens junctions as molecular regulators of emergent tissue mechanics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:252-269. [PMID: 38093099 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Tissue and organ development during embryogenesis relies on the collective and coordinated action of many cells. Recent studies have revealed that tissue material properties, including transitions between fluid and solid tissue states, are controlled in space and time to shape embryonic structures and regulate cell behaviours. Although the collective cellular flows that sculpt tissues are guided by tissue-level physical changes, these ultimately emerge from cellular-level and subcellular-level molecular mechanisms. Adherens junctions are key subcellular structures, built from clusters of classical cadherin receptors. They mediate physical interactions between cells and connect biochemical signalling to the physical characteristics of cell contacts, hence playing a fundamental role in tissue morphogenesis. In this Review, we take advantage of the results of recent, quantitative measurements of tissue mechanics to relate the molecular and cellular characteristics of adherens junctions, including adhesion strength, tension and dynamics, to the emergent physical state of embryonic tissues. We focus on systems in which cell-cell interactions are the primary contributor to morphogenesis, without significant contribution from cell-matrix interactions. We suggest that emergent tissue mechanics is an important direction for future research, bridging cell biology, developmental biology and mechanobiology to provide a holistic understanding of morphogenesis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otger Campàs
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ivar Noordstra
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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2
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Garrido-Casado M, Asensio-Juárez G, Talayero VC, Vicente-Manzanares M. Engines of change: Nonmuscle myosin II in mechanobiology. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102344. [PMID: 38442667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of mechanobiology has unveiled complex mechanisms by which cells adjust intracellular force production to their needs. Most communicable intracellular forces are generated by myosin II, an actin-associated molecular motor that transforms adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis into contraction in nonmuscle and muscle cells. Myosin II-dependent force generation is tightly regulated, and deregulation is associated with specific pathologies. Here, we focus on the role of myosin II (nonmuscle myosin II, NMII) in force generation and mechanobiology. We outline the regulation and molecular mechanism of force generation by NMII, focusing on the actual outcome of contraction, that is, force application to trigger mechanosensitive events or the building of dissipative structures. We describe how myosin II-generated forces drive two major types of events: modification of the cellular morphology and/or triggering of genetic programs, which enhance the ability of cells to adapt to, or modify, their microenvironment. Finally, we address whether targeting myosin II to impair or potentiate its activity at the motor level is a viable therapeutic strategy, as illustrated by recent examples aimed at modulating cardiac myosin II function in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garrido-Casado
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/ Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gloria Asensio-Juárez
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/ Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vanessa C Talayero
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/ Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/ Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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3
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Liu Q, Cheng C, Huang J, Yan W, Wen Y, Liu Z, Zhou B, Guo S, Fang W. MYH9: A key protein involved in tumor progression and virus-related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116118. [PMID: 38181716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) gene encodes the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA), which belongs to the myosin II subfamily of actin-based molecular motors. Previous studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression and mutations of MYH9 were correlated with MYH9-related diseases and tumors. Furthermore, earlier investigations identified MYH9 as a tumor suppressor. However, subsequent research revealed that MYH9 promoted tumorigenesis, progression and chemoradiotherapy resistance. Note-worthily, MYH9 has also been linked to viral infections, like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Epstein-Barr virus, and hepatitis B virus, as a receptor or co-receptor. In addition, MYH9 promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by interacting with the hepatitis B virus-encoding X protein. Finally, various findings highlighted the role of MYH9 in the development of these illnesses, especially in tumors. This review summarizes the involvement of the MYH9-regulated signaling network in tumors and virus-related diseases and presents possible drug interventions on MYH9, providing insights for the use of MYH9 as a therapeutic target for tumors and virus-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiyu Huang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Yinhao Wen
- Department of Oncology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang 337000, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Basic School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China.
| | - Beixian Zhou
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, China.
| | - Suiqun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China.
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China; The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China.
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4
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Kroeger B, Manning SA, Fonseka Y, Oorschot V, Crawford SA, Ramm G, Harvey KF. Basal spot junctions of Drosophila epithelial tissues respond to morphogenetic forces and regulate Hippo signaling. Dev Cell 2024; 59:262-279.e6. [PMID: 38134928 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Organ size is controlled by numerous factors including mechanical forces, which are mediated in part by the Hippo pathway. In growing Drosophila epithelial tissues, cytoskeletal tension influences Hippo signaling by modulating the localization of key pathway proteins to different apical domains. Here, we discovered a Hippo signaling hub at basal spot junctions, which form at the basal-most point of the lateral membranes and resemble adherens junctions in protein composition. Basal spot junctions recruit the central kinase Warts via Ajuba and E-cadherin, which prevent Warts activation by segregating it from upstream Hippo pathway proteins. Basal spot junctions are prominent when tissues undergo morphogenesis and are highly sensitive to fluctuations in cytoskeletal tension. They are distinct from focal adhesions, but the latter profoundly influences basal spot junction abundance by modulating the basal-medial actomyosin network and tension experienced by spot junctions. Thus, basal spot junctions couple morphogenetic forces to Hippo pathway activity and organ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kroeger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Samuel A Manning
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yoshana Fonseka
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Simon A Crawford
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Kieran F Harvey
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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5
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Bridges MC, Nair-Menon J, Risner A, Jimenez DW, Daulagala AC, Kingsley C, Davis ME, Kourtidis A. Actin-dependent recruitment of AGO2 to the zonula adherens. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar129. [PMID: 37819702 PMCID: PMC10848941 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-03-0099-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherens junctions are cadherin-based structures critical for cellular architecture. E-cadherin junctions in mature epithelial cell monolayers tether to an apical actomyosin ring to form the zonula adherens (ZA). We have previously shown that the adherens junction protein PLEKHA7 associates with and regulates the function of the core RNA interference (RNAi) component AGO2 specifically at the ZA. However, the mechanism mediating AGO2 recruitment to the ZA remained unexplored. Here, we reveal that this ZA-specific recruitment of AGO2 depends on both the structural and tensile integrity of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. We found that depletion of not only PLEKHA7, but also either of the three PLEKHA7-interacting, LIM-domain family proteins, namely LMO7, LIMCH1, and PDLIM1, results in disruption of actomyosin organization and tension, as well as disruption of AGO2 junctional localization and of its miRNA-binding ability. We also show that AGO2 binds Myosin IIB and that PLEKHA7, LMO7, LIMCH1, and PDLIM1 all disrupt interaction of AGO2 with Myosin IIB at the ZA. These results demonstrate that recruitment of AGO2 to the ZA is sensitive to actomyosin perturbations, introducing the concept of mechanosensitive RNAi machinery, with potential implications in tissue remodeling and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Catherine Bridges
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Joyce Nair-Menon
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Alyssa Risner
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Douglas W. Jimenez
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Amanda C. Daulagala
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Christina Kingsley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Madison E. Davis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
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6
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Nalbant P, Wagner J, Dehmelt L. Direct investigation of cell contraction signal networks by light-based perturbation methods. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1439-1452. [PMID: 37851146 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell contraction plays an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. This includes functions in skeletal, heart, and smooth muscle cells, which lead to highly coordinated contractions of multicellular assemblies, and functions in non-muscle cells, which are often highly localized in subcellular regions and transient in time. While the regulatory processes that control cell contraction in muscle cells are well understood, much less is known about cell contraction in non-muscle cells. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that control cell contraction in space and time in non-muscle cells, and how they can be investigated by light-based methods. The review particularly focusses on signal networks and cytoskeletal components that together control subcellular contraction patterns to perform functions on the level of cells and tissues, such as directional migration and multicellular rearrangements during development. Key features of light-based methods that enable highly local and fast perturbations are highlighted, and how experimental strategies can capitalize on these features to uncover causal relationships in the complex signal networks that control cell contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Room T03 R01 D33, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Room T03 R01 D33, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Leif Dehmelt
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, and Dortmund University of Technology, Room CP-02-157, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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7
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Abedrabbo M, Sloomy S, Abu-Leil R, Kfir-Cohen E, Ravid S. Scribble, Lgl1, and myosin IIA interact with α-/β-catenin to maintain epithelial junction integrity. Cell Adh Migr 2023; 17:1-23. [PMID: 37743653 PMCID: PMC10761038 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2023.2260645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin-catenin complex together with the cytoskeleton, builds the core of Adherens junctions (AJs). It has been reported that Scribble stabilizes the coupling of E-cadherin with catenins promoting epithelial cell adhesion, but the mechanism remains unknown. We show that Scribble, Lgl1, and NMII-A reside in a complex with E-cadherin-catenin complex. Depletion of either Scribble or Lgl1 disrupts the localization of E-cadherin-catenin complex to AJs. aPKCζ phosphorylation of Lgl1 regulates AJ localization of Lgl1 and E-cadherin-catenin complexes. Both Scribble and Lgl1 regulate the activation and recruitment of NMII-A at AJs. Finally, Scribble and Lgl1 are downregulated by TGFβ-induced EMT, and their re-expression during EMT impedes its progression. Our results provide insight into the mechanism regulating AJ integrity by Scribble, Lgl1, and NMII-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Abedrabbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shirel Sloomy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reham Abu-Leil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Kfir-Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Ravid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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8
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Brooks JW, Tillu V, Eckert J, Verma S, Collins BM, Parton RG, Yap AS. Caveola mechanotransduction reinforces the cortical cytoskeleton to promote epithelial resilience. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar120. [PMID: 37672337 PMCID: PMC10846620 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As physical barriers, epithelia must preserve their integrity when challenged by mechanical stresses. Cell-cell junctions linked to the cortical cytoskeleton play key roles in this process, often with mechanotransduction mechanisms that reinforce tissues. Caveolae are mechanosensitive organelles that buffer tension via disassembly. Loss of caveolae, through caveolin-1 or cavin1 depletion, causes activation of PtdIns(4, 5)P2 signaling, recruitment of FMNL2 formin, and enhanced-cortical actin assembly. How this equates to physiological responses in epithelial cells containing endogenous caveolae is unknown. Here we examined the effect of mechanically inducing acute disassembly of caveolae in epithelia. We show that perturbation of caveolae, through direct mechanical stress, reinforces the actin cortex at adherens junctions. Increasing interactions with membrane lipids by introducing multiple phosphatidylserine-binding undecad cavin1 (UC1) repeat domains into cavin1 rendered caveolae more stable to mechanical stimuli. This molecular stabilization blocked cortical reinforcement in response to mechanical stress. Cortical reinforcement elicited by the mechanically induced disassembly of caveolae increased epithelial resilience against tensile stresses. These findings identify the actin cortex as a target of caveola mechanotransduction that contributes to epithelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Brooks
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Vikas Tillu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Julia Eckert
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Suzie Verma
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Brett M. Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
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9
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Zhang N, Häring M, Wolf F, Großhans J, Kong D. Dynamics and functions of E-cadherin complexes in epithelial cell and tissue morphogenesis. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:585-601. [PMID: 38045551 PMCID: PMC10689684 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion is at the center of structure and dynamics of epithelial tissue. E-cadherin-catenin complexes mediate Ca2+-dependent trans-homodimerization and constitute the kernel of adherens junctions. Beyond the basic function of cell-cell adhesion, recent progress sheds light the dynamics and interwind interactions of individual E-cadherin-catenin complex with E-cadherin superclusters, contractile actomyosin and mechanics of the cortex and adhesion. The nanoscale architecture of E-cadherin complexes together with cis-interactions and interactions with cortical actomyosin adjust to junctional tension and mechano-transduction by reinforcement or weakening of specific features of the interactions. Although post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation have been implicated, their role for specific aspects of in E-cadherin function has remained unclear. Here, we provide an overview of the E-cadherin complex in epithelial cell and tissue morphogenesis focusing on nanoscale architectures by super-resolution approaches and post-translational modifications from recent, in particular in vivo, studies. Furthermore, we review the computational modelling in E-cadherin complexes and highlight how computational modelling has contributed to a deeper understanding of the E-cadherin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Häring
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks (CIDBN), Georg August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fred Wolf
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks (CIDBN), Georg August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks (CIDBN), Georg August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Deqing Kong
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks (CIDBN), Georg August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Wang C, Ding J, Wei Q, Du S, Gong X, Chew TG. Mechanosensitive accumulation of non-muscle myosin IIB during mitosis requires its translocation activity. iScience 2023; 26:107773. [PMID: 37720093 PMCID: PMC10504539 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin II (NMII) is a force-generating mechanosensitive enzyme that responds to mechanical forces. NMIIs mechanoaccumulate at the cell cortex in response to mechanical forces. It is essential for cells to mechanically adapt to the physical environment, failure of which results in mitotic defects when dividing in confined environment. Much less is known about how NMII mechanoaccumulation is regulated during mitosis. We show that mitotic cells respond to compressive stress by promoting accumulation of active RhoA at the cell cortex as in interphase cells. RhoA mechanoresponse during mitosis activates and stabilizes NMIIB via ROCK signaling, leading to NMIIB mechanoaccumulation at the cell cortex. Using disease-related myosin II mutations, we found that NMIIB mechanoaccumulation requires its motor activity that translocates actin filaments, but not just its actin-binding function. Thus, the motor activity coordinates structural movement and nucleotide state changes to fine-tune actin-binding affinity optimal for NMIIs to generate and respond to forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Qiaodong Wei
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shoukang Du
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Xiaobo Gong
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ting Gang Chew
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
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11
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Noordstra I, Hermoso MD, Schimmel L, Bonfim-Melo A, Currin-Ross D, Duong CN, Kalappurakkal JM, Morris RG, Vestweber D, Mayor S, Gordon E, Roca-Cusachs P, Yap AS. An E-cadherin-actin clutch translates the mechanical force of cortical flow for cell-cell contact to inhibit epithelial cell locomotion. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1748-1763.e6. [PMID: 37480844 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) allow cell contact to inhibit epithelial migration yet also permit epithelia to move as coherent sheets. How, then, do cells identify which contacts will inhibit locomotion? Here, we show that in human epithelial cells this arises from the orientation of cortical flows at AJs. When the leader cells from different migrating sheets make head-on contact with one another, they assemble AJs that couple together oppositely directed cortical flows. This applies a tensile signal to the actin-binding domain (ABD) of α-catenin, which provides a clutch to promote lateral adhesion growth and inhibit the lamellipodial activity necessary for migration. In contrast, AJs found between leader cells in the same migrating sheet have cortical flows aligned in the same direction, and no such mechanical inhibition takes place. Therefore, α-catenin mechanosensitivity in the clutch between E-cadherin and cortical F-actin allows cells to interpret the direction of motion via cortical flows and signal for contact to inhibit locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Noordstra
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mario Díez Hermoso
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lilian Schimmel
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexis Bonfim-Melo
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Denni Currin-Ross
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Physics & EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cao Nguyen Duong
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Richard G Morris
- School of Physics & EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Science, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Emma Gordon
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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12
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Messer CL, McDonald JA. Rap1 promotes epithelial integrity and cell viability in a growing tissue. Dev Biol 2023; 501:1-19. [PMID: 37269969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Having intact epithelial tissues is critical for embryonic development and adult homeostasis. How epithelia respond to damaging insults or tissue growth while still maintaining intercellular connections and barrier integrity during development is poorly understood. The conserved small GTPase Rap1 is critical for establishing cell polarity and regulating cadherin-catenin cell junctions. Here, we identified a new role for Rap1 in maintaining epithelial integrity and tissue shape during Drosophila oogenesis. Loss of Rap1 activity disrupted the follicle cell epithelium and the shape of egg chambers during a period of major growth. Rap1 was required for proper E-Cadherin localization in the anterior epithelium and for epithelial cell survival. Both Myo-II and the adherens junction-cytoskeletal linker protein α-Catenin were required for normal egg chamber shape but did not strongly affect cell viability. Blocking the apoptotic cascade failed to rescue the cell shape defects caused by Rap1 inhibition. One consequence of increased cell death caused by Rap1 inhibition was the loss of polar cells and other follicle cells, which later in development led to fewer cells forming a migrating border cell cluster. Our results thus indicate dual roles for Rap1 in maintaining epithelia and cell survival in a growing tissue during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Luke Messer
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jocelyn A McDonald
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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13
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Rothenberg KE, Chen Y, McDonald JA, Fernandez-Gonzalez R. Rap1 coordinates cell-cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganization to drive collective cell migration in vivo. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00603-6. [PMID: 37244252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell movements contribute to tissue development and repair and spread metastatic disease. In epithelia, cohesive cell movements require reorganization of adherens junctions and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. However, the mechanisms that coordinate cell-cell adhesion and cytoskeletal remodeling during collective cell migration in vivo are unclear. We investigated the mechanisms of collective cell migration during epidermal wound healing in Drosophila embryos. Upon wounding, the cells adjacent to the wound internalize cell-cell adhesion molecules and polarize actin and the motor protein non-muscle myosin II to form a supracellular cable around the wound that coordinates cell movements. The cable anchors at former tricellular junctions (TCJs) along the wound edge, and TCJs are reinforced during wound closure. We found that the small GTPase Rap1 was necessary and sufficient for rapid wound repair. Rap1 promoted myosin polarization to the wound edge and E-cadherin accumulation at TCJs. Using embryos expressing a mutant form of the Rap1 effector Canoe/Afadin that cannot bind Rap1, we found that Rap1 signals through Canoe for adherens junction remodeling, but not for actomyosin cable assembly. Instead, Rap1 was necessary and sufficient for RhoA/Rho1 activation at the wound edge. The RhoGEF Ephexin localized to the wound edge in a Rap1-dependent manner, and Ephexin was necessary for myosin polarization and rapid wound repair, but not for E-cadherin redistribution. Together, our data show that Rap1 coordinates the molecular rearrangements that drive embryonic wound healing, promoting actomyosin cable assembly through Ephexin-Rho1, and E-cadherin redistribution through Canoe, thus enabling rapid collective cell migration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn E Rothenberg
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Yujun Chen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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14
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Kingsley C, Kourtidis A. Critical roles of adherens junctions in diseases of the oral mucosa. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2084320. [PMID: 35659464 PMCID: PMC10161952 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2084320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is directly exposed to a variety of environmental stimuli and contains a diverse microbiome that continuously interacts with the oral epithelium. Therefore, establishment and maintenance of the barrier function of the oral mucosa is of paramount importance for its function and for the body's overall health. The adherens junction is a cell-cell adhesion complex that is essential for epithelial barrier function. Although a considerable body of work has associated barrier disruption with oral diseases, the molecular underpinnings of these associations have not been equally investigated. This is critical, since adherens junction components also possess significant signaling roles in the cell, in addition to their architectural ones. Here, we summarize current knowledge involving adherens junction components in oral pathologies, such as cancer and oral pathogen-related diseases, while we also discuss gaps in the knowledge and opportunities for future investigation of the relationship between adherens junctions and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kingsley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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15
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Abstract
Non-muscle myosin 2 (NM2) motors are the major contractile machines in most cell types. Unsurprisingly, these ubiquitously expressed actin-based motors power a plethora of subcellular, cellular and multicellular processes. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the biochemical properties and mechanisms of regulation of this myosin. We highlight the central role of NM2 in multiple fundamental cellular processes, which include cell migration, cytokinesis, epithelial barrier function and tissue morphogenesis. In addition, we highlight recent studies using advanced imaging technologies that have revealed aspects of NM2 assembly hitherto inaccessible. This article will hopefully appeal to both cytoskeletal enthusiasts and investigators from outside the cytoskeleton field who have interests in one of the many basic cellular processes requiring actomyosin force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60525, USA
| | - John A. Hammer
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jordan R. Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60525, USA
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16
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Wang J, Michel M, Bialas L, Pierini G, Dahmann C. Preferential recruitment and stabilization of Myosin II at compartment boundaries in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286802. [PMID: 36718636 PMCID: PMC10022687 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of mechanical tension exerted at cell junctions guides cell behavior during tissue formation and homeostasis. Cell junctions along compartment boundaries, which are lineage restrictions separating cells with different fates and functions within tissues, are characterized by increased mechanical tension compared to that of cell junctions in the bulk of the tissue. Mechanical tension depends on the actomyosin cytoskeleton; however, the mechanisms by which mechanical tension is locally increased at cell junctions along compartment boundaries remain elusive. Here, we show that non-muscle Myosin II and F-actin transiently accumulate and mechanical tension is increased at cell junctions along the forming anteroposterior compartment boundary in the Drosophila melanogaster pupal abdominal epidermis. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments showed that Myosin II accumulation correlated with its increased stabilization at these junctions. Moreover, photoconversion experiments indicated that Myosin II is preferentially recruited within cells to junctions along the compartment boundary. Our results indicate that the preferential recruitment and stabilization of Myosin II contribute to the initial build-up of mechanical tension at compartment boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Michel
- School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Bialas
- School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Pierini
- School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Dahmann
- School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Bax NA, Wang A, Huang DL, Pokutta S, Weis WI, Dunn AR. Multi-level Force-dependent Allosteric Enhancement of αE-catenin Binding to F-actin by Vinculin. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167969. [PMID: 36682678 PMCID: PMC9957948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.167969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Classical cadherins are transmembrane proteins whose extracellular domains link neighboring cells, and whose intracellular domains connect to the actin cytoskeleton via β-catenin and α-catenin. The cadherin-catenin complex transmits forces that drive tissue morphogenesis and wound healing. In addition, tension-dependent changes in αE-catenin conformation enables it to recruit the actin-binding protein vinculin to cell-cell junctions, which contributes to junctional strengthening. How and whether multiple cadherin-complexes cooperate to reinforce cell-cell junctions in response to load remains poorly understood. Here, we used single-molecule optical trap measurements to examine how multiple cadherin-catenin complexes interact with F-actin under load, and how this interaction is influenced by the presence of vinculin. We show that force oriented toward the (-) end of the actin filament results in mean lifetimes 3-fold longer than when force was applied towards the barbed (+) end. We also measured force-dependent actin binding by a quaternary complex comprising the cadherin-catenin complex and the vinculin head region, which cannot itself bind actin. Binding lifetimes of this quaternary complex increased as additional complexes bound F-actin, but only when load was oriented toward the (-) end. In contrast, the cadherin-catenin complex alone did not show this form of cooperativity. These findings reveal multi-level, force-dependent regulation that enhances the strength of the association of multiple cadherin/catenin complexes with F-actin, conferring positive feedback that may strengthen the junction and polarize F-actin to facilitate the emergence of higher-order cytoskeletal organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Bax
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States. https://twitter.com/@bax1337
| | - Amy Wang
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, United States. https://twitter.com/@amywang01
| | - Derek L Huang
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, United States
| | - Sabine Pokutta
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | - William I Weis
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine.
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18
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Noordstra I, Morris RG, Yap AS. Cadherins and the cortex: A matter of time? Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 80:102154. [PMID: 36822056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion systems commonly operate in close partnership with the cytoskeleton. Adhesion receptors bind to the cortex and regulate its dynamics, organization and mechanics; conversely, the cytoskeleton influences aspects of adhesion, including strength, stability and ductility. In this review we consider recent advances in elucidating such cooperation, focusing on interactions between classical cadherins and actomyosin. The evidence presents an apparent paradox. Molecular mechanisms of mechanosensation by the cadherin-actin apparatus imply that adhesion strengthens under tension. However, this does not always translate to the broader setting of confluent tissues, where increases in fluctuations of tension can promote intercalation due to the shrinkage of adherens junctions. Emerging evidence suggests that understanding of timescales may be important in resolving this issue, but that further work is needed to understand the role of adhesive strengthening across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Noordstra
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072 Australia
| | - Richard G Morris
- School of Physics, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072 Australia.
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19
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Crellin HA, Buckley CE. Using Optogenetics to Investigate the Shared Mechanisms of Apical-Basal Polarity and Mitosis. Cells Tissues Organs 2023; 213:161-180. [PMID: 36599311 DOI: 10.1159/000528796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation of apical-basal (AB) polarity and the process of mitotic cell division are both characterised by the generation of specialised plasma membrane and cortical domains. These are generated using shared mechanisms, such as asymmetric protein accumulation, Rho GTPase signalling, cytoskeletal reorganisation, vesicle trafficking, and asymmetric phosphoinositide distribution. In epithelial tissue, the coordination of AB polarity and mitosis in space and time is important both during initial epithelial development and to maintain tissue integrity and ensure appropriate cell differentiation at later stages. Whilst significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying cell division and AB polarity, it has so far been challenging to fully unpick the complex interrelationship between polarity, signalling, morphogenesis, and cell division. However, the recent emergence of optogenetic protein localisation techniques is now allowing researchers to reversibly control protein activation, localisation, and signalling with high spatiotemporal resolution. This has the potential to revolutionise our understanding of how subcellular processes such as AB polarity are integrated with cell behaviours such as mitosis and how these processes impact whole tissue morphogenesis. So far, these techniques have been used to investigate processes such as cleavage furrow ingression, mitotic spindle positioning, and in vivo epithelial morphogenesis. This review describes some of the key shared mechanisms of cell division and AB polarity establishment, how they are coordinated during development and how the advance of optogenetic techniques is furthering this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena A Crellin
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare E Buckley
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Rodrigues MA, Gomes DA, Fiorotto R, Guerra MT, Weerachayaphorn J, Bo T, Sessa WC, Strazzabosco M, Nathanson MH. Molecular determinants of peri-apical targeting of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 in cholangiocytes. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2748-2764. [PMID: 35852334 PMCID: PMC9512452 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid and bicarbonate secretion is a principal function of cholangiocytes, and impaired secretion results in cholestasis. Cholangiocyte secretion depends on peri-apical expression of the type 3 inositol trisphosphate receptor (ITPR3), and loss of this intracellular Ca2+ release channel is a final common event in most cholangiopathies. Here we investigated the mechanism by which ITPR3 localizes to the apical region to regulate secretion. Isolated bile duct units, primary mouse cholangiocytes, and polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were examined using a combination of biochemical and fluorescence microscopy techniques to investigate the mechanism of ITPR3 targeting to the apical region. Apical localization of ITPR3 depended on the presence of intact lipid rafts as well as interactions with both caveolin 1 (CAV1) and myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9). Chemical disruption of lipid rafts or knockdown of CAV1 or MYH9 redistributed ITPR3 away from the apical region. MYH9 interacted with the five c-terminal amino acids of the ITPR3 peptide. Disruption of lipid rafts impaired Ca2+ signaling, and absence of CAV1 impaired both Ca2+ signaling and fluid secretion. Conclusion: A cooperative mechanism involving MYH9, CAV1, and apical lipid rafts localize ITPR3 to the apical region to regulate Ca2+ signaling and secretion in cholangiocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A. Rodrigues
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and ImmunologyFederal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG)Belo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Dawidson A. Gomes
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and ImmunologyFederal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG)Belo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Romina Fiorotto
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Mateus T. Guerra
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Tao Bo
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Vascular Cell Signaling and TherapeuticsYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - William C. Sessa
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Vascular Cell Signaling and TherapeuticsYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Michael H. Nathanson
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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21
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Tarannum N, Singh R, Woolner S. Sculpting an Embryo: The Interplay between Mechanical Force and Cell Division. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10030037. [PMID: 36135370 PMCID: PMC9502278 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The journey from a single fertilised cell to a multicellular organism is, at the most fundamental level, orchestrated by mitotic cell divisions. Both the rate and the orientation of cell divisions are important in ensuring the proper development of an embryo. Simultaneous with cell proliferation, embryonic cells constantly experience a wide range of mechanical forces from their surrounding tissue environment. Cells must be able to read and respond correctly to these forces since they are known to affect a multitude of biological functions, including cell divisions. The interplay between the mechanical environment and cell divisions is particularly crucial during embryogenesis when tissues undergo dynamic changes in their shape, architecture, and overall organisation to generate functional tissues and organs. Here we review our current understanding of the cellular mechanisms by which mechanical force regulates cell division and place this knowledge within the context of embryogenesis and tissue morphogenesis.
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22
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Ivanov AI, Lechuga S, Marino‐Melendez A, Naydenov NG. Unique and redundant functions of cytoplasmic actins and nonmuscle myosin II isoforms at epithelial junctions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:61-74. [PMID: 35673768 PMCID: PMC9489603 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The integrity and functions of epithelial barriers depend on the formation of adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs). A characteristic feature of AJs and TJs is their association with the cortical cytoskeleton composed of actin filaments and nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II) motors. Mechanical forces generated by the actomyosin cytoskeleton are essential for junctional assembly, stability, and remodeling. Epithelial cells express two different actin proteins and three NM-II isoforms, all known to be associated with AJs and TJs. Despite their structural similarity, different actin and NM-II isoforms have distinct biochemical properties, cellular distribution, and functions. The diversity of epithelial actins and myosin motors could be essential for the regulation of different steps of junctional formation, maturation, and disassembly. This review focuses on the roles of actin and NM-II isoforms in controlling the integrity and barrier properties of various epithelia. We discuss the effects of the depletion of individual actin isoforms and NM-II motors on the assembly and barrier function of AJs and TJs in model epithelial monolayers in vitro. We also describe the functional consequences of either total or tissue-specific gene knockout of different actins and NM-II motors, with a focus on the development and integrity of different epithelia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Armando Marino‐Melendez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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23
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Sakakibara S, Sakane A, Sasaki T, Shinohara M, Maruo T, Miyata M, Mizutani K, Takai Y. Identification of lysophosphatidic acid in serum as a factor that promotes epithelial apical junctional complex organization. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102426. [PMID: 36030821 PMCID: PMC9520027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical junctional complex (AJC) consists of adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions and regulates epithelial integrity and remodeling. However, it is unclear how AJC organization is regulated based on environmental cues. We found here using cultured EpH4 mouse mammary epithelial cells that fetal bovine serum (FBS) in a culture medium showed an activity to promote AJC organization and that FBS showed an activity to promote tight junction formation even in the absence of AJ proteins, such as E-cadherin, αE-catenin, and afadin. Furthermore, we purified the individual factor responsible for these functions from FBS and identified this molecule as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In validation experiments, purified LPA elicited the same activity as FBS. In addition, we found that the AJC organization–promoting activity of LPA was mediated through the LPA receptor 1/5 via diacylglycerol–novel PKC and Rho–ROCK pathway activation in a mutually independent, but complementary, manner. We demonstrated that the Rho–ROCK pathway activation–mediated AJC organization was independent of myosin II-induced actomyosin contraction, although this signaling pathway was previously shown to induce myosin II activation. These findings are in contrast to the literature, as previous results suggested an AJC organization–disrupting activity of LPA. The present results indicate that LPA in serum has an AJC organization–promoting activity in a manner dependent on or independent of AJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Sakakibara
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sakane
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maruo
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Muneaki Miyata
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
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24
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Shao A, Lopez AJ, Chen J, Tham A, Javier S, Quiroz A, Frick S, Levine EM, Lloyd KCK, Leonard BC, Murphy CJ, Glaser TM, Moshiri A. Arap1 loss causes retinal pigment epithelium phagocytic dysfunction and subsequent photoreceptor death. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:276063. [PMID: 35758026 PMCID: PMC9346516 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a retinal degenerative disease, is the leading cause of heritable blindness. Previously, we described that Arap1−/− mice develop a similar pattern of photoreceptor degeneration. Arap1 is an Arf-directed GTPase-activating protein shown to modulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Curiously, Arap1 expression was detected in Müller glia and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), but not the photoreceptors themselves. In this study, we generated conditional knockout mice for Müller glia/RPE, Müller glia and RPE via targeting Rlbp1, Glast and Vmd2 promoters, respectively, to drive Cre recombinase expression to knock out Arap1. Vmd2-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c and Rlbp1-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c mice, but not Glast-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c mice, recapitulated the phenotype originally observed in germline Arap1−/− mice. Mass spectrometry analysis of human ARAP1 co-immunoprecipitation identified candidate binding partners of ARAP1, revealing potential interactants involved in phagocytosis, cytoskeletal composition, intracellular trafficking and endocytosis. Quantification of outer segment phagocytosis in vivo demonstrated a clear phagocytic defect in Arap1−/− mice compared to Arap1+/+ controls. We conclude that Arap1 expression in RPE is necessary for photoreceptor survival due to its indispensable function in RPE phagocytosis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: We provide evidence that Arap1 expression in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential for maintaining photoreceptor health due to its indispensable role in RPE phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Shao
- The University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Antonio Jacobo Lopez
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, USA
| | - JiaJia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, USA
| | - Addy Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, USA
| | - Seanne Javier
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, USA
| | - Alejandra Quiroz
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, USA
| | - Sonia Frick
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, USA
| | - Edward M Levine
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, U.C. Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, USA.,Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Glaser
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, USA
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25
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Morris T, Sue E, Geniesse C, Brieher WM, Tang VW. Synaptopodin stress fiber and contractomere at the epithelial junction. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213132. [PMID: 35416930 PMCID: PMC9011326 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202011162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical junction of epithelial cells can generate force to control cell geometry and perform contractile processes while maintaining barrier function and adhesion. Yet, the structural basis for force generation at the apical junction is not fully understood. Here, we describe two synaptopodin-dependent actomyosin structures that are spatially, temporally, and structurally distinct. The first structure is formed by the retrograde flow of synaptopodin initiated at the apical junction, creating a sarcomeric stress fiber that lies parallel to the apical junction. Contraction of the apical stress fiber is associated with either clustering of membrane components or shortening of junctional length. Upon junction maturation, apical stress fibers are disassembled. In mature epithelial monolayer, a motorized “contractomere” capable of “walking the junction” is formed at the junctional vertex. Actomyosin activities at the contractomere produce a compressive force evident by actin filament buckling and measurement with a new α-actinin-4 force sensor. The motility of contractomeres can adjust junctional length and change cell packing geometry during cell extrusion and intercellular movement. We propose a model of epithelial homeostasis that utilizes contractomere motility to support junction rearrangement while preserving the permeability barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Morris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Eva Sue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Caleb Geniesse
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - William M Brieher
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Vivian W Tang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
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26
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Lechuga S, Cartagena‐Rivera AX, Khan A, Crawford BI, Narayanan V, Conway DE, Lehtimäki J, Lappalainen P, Rieder F, Longworth MS, Ivanov AI. A myosin chaperone, UNC-45A, is a novel regulator of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and repair. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22290. [PMID: 35344227 PMCID: PMC9044500 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200154r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The actomyosin cytoskeleton serves as a key regulator of the integrity and remodeling of epithelial barriers by controlling assembly and functions of intercellular junctions and cell-matrix adhesions. Although biochemical mechanisms that regulate the activity of non-muscle myosin II (NM-II) in epithelial cells have been extensively investigated, little is known about assembly of the contractile myosin structures at the epithelial adhesion sites. UNC-45A is a cytoskeletal chaperone that is essential for proper folding of NM-II heavy chains and myofilament assembly. We found abundant expression of UNC-45A in human intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines and in the epithelial layer of the normal human colon. Interestingly, protein level of UNC-45A was decreased in colonic epithelium of patients with ulcerative colitis. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out of UNC-45A in HT-29cf8 and SK-CO15 IEC disrupted epithelial barrier integrity, impaired assembly of epithelial adherence and tight junctions and attenuated cell migration. Consistently, decreased UNC-45 expression increased permeability of the Drosophila gut in vivo. The mechanisms underlying barrier disruptive and anti-migratory effects of UNC-45A depletion involved disorganization of the actomyosin bundles at epithelial junctions and the migrating cell edge. Loss of UNC-45A also decreased contractile forces at apical junctions and matrix adhesions. Expression of deletion mutants revealed roles for the myosin binding domain of UNC-45A in controlling IEC junctions and motility. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism that regulates integrity and restitution of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which may be impaired during mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Alexander X. Cartagena‐Rivera
- Section on MechanobiologyNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Afshin Khan
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Bert I. Crawford
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Vani Narayanan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Daniel E. Conway
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Jaakko Lehtimäki
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Michelle S. Longworth
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
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27
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Yang YA, Nguyen E, Sankara Narayana GHN, Heuzé M, Fu C, Yu H, Mège RM, Ladoux B, Sheetz MP. Local contractions regulate E-cadherin rigidity sensing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk0387. [PMID: 35089785 PMCID: PMC8797795 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a major cell-cell adhesion molecule involved in mechanotransduction at cell-cell contacts in tissues. Because epithelial cells respond to rigidity and tension in tissue through E-cadherin, there must be active processes that test and respond to the mechanical properties of these adhesive contacts. Using submicrometer, E-cadherin-coated polydimethylsiloxane pillars, we find that cells generate local contractions between E-cadherin adhesions and pull to a constant distance for a constant duration, irrespective of pillar rigidity. These cadherin contractions require nonmuscle myosin IIB, tropomyosin 2.1, α-catenin, and binding of vinculin to α-catenin. Cells spread to different areas on soft and rigid surfaces with contractions, but spread equally on soft and rigid without. We further observe that cadherin contractions enable cells to test myosin IIA-mediated tension of neighboring cells and sort out myosin IIA-depleted cells. Thus, we suggest that epithelial cells test and respond to the mechanical characteristics of neighboring cells through cadherin contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Yang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Emmanuelle Nguyen
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Melina Heuzé
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Chaoyu Fu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Hanry Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore 138669, Singapore
- CAMP, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. (M.P.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Michael P. Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.P.S.); (B.L.)
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28
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Bonfim-Melo A, Duszyc K, Gomez GA, Yap AS. Regulating life after death: how mechanical communication mediates the epithelial response to apoptosis. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:9. [PMID: 35076820 PMCID: PMC8789724 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that cells in tissues and organs can communicate with one another using mechanical forces. Such mechanical signalling can serve as a basis for the assembly of cellular communities. For this to occur, there must be local instabilities in tissue mechanics that are the source of the signals, and mechanisms for changes in mechanical force to be transmitted and detected within tissues. In this review, we discuss these principles using the example of cell death by apoptosis, when it occurs in epithelia. This elicits the phenomenon of apical extrusion, which can rapidly eliminate apoptotic cells by expelling them from the epithelium. Apoptotic extrusion requires that epithelial cells detect the presence of nearby apoptotic cells, something which can be elicited by the mechanotransduction of tensile instabilities caused by the apoptotic cell. We discuss the central role that adherens junctions can play in the transmission and detection of mechanical signals from apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bonfim-Melo
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kinga Duszyc
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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29
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Belyaeva V, Wachner S, Gyoergy A, Emtenani S, Gridchyn I, Akhmanova M, Linder M, Roblek M, Sibilia M, Siekhaus D. Fos regulates macrophage infiltration against surrounding tissue resistance by a cortical actin-based mechanism in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001494. [PMID: 34990456 PMCID: PMC8735623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of immune cells into tissues underlies the establishment of tissue-resident macrophages and responses to infections and tumors. Yet the mechanisms immune cells utilize to negotiate tissue barriers in living organisms are not well understood, and a role for cortical actin has not been examined. Here, we find that the tissue invasion of Drosophila macrophages, also known as plasmatocytes or hemocytes, utilizes enhanced cortical F-actin levels stimulated by the Drosophila member of the fos proto oncogene transcription factor family (Dfos, Kayak). RNA sequencing analysis and live imaging show that Dfos enhances F-actin levels around the entire macrophage surface by increasing mRNA levels of the membrane spanning molecular scaffold tetraspanin TM4SF, and the actin cross-linking filamin Cheerio, which are themselves required for invasion. Both the filamin and the tetraspanin enhance the cortical activity of Rho1 and the formin Diaphanous and thus the assembly of cortical actin, which is a critical function since expressing a dominant active form of Diaphanous can rescue the Dfos macrophage invasion defect. In vivo imaging shows that Dfos enhances the efficiency of the initial phases of macrophage tissue entry. Genetic evidence argues that this Dfos-induced program in macrophages counteracts the constraint produced by the tension of surrounding tissues and buffers the properties of the macrophage nucleus from affecting tissue entry. We thus identify strengthening the cortical actin cytoskeleton through Dfos as a key process allowing efficient forward movement of an immune cell into surrounding tissues. The infiltration of immune cells into tissue underlies the establishment of tissue-resident macrophages, and responses to infections and tumors, but how do they overcome tissue barriers? This study shows that macrophages upregulate the proto-oncogene Fos, increasing the density and crosslinking of cortical actin, thereby counteracting the tension of surrounding tissues and protecting the macrophage nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Belyaeva
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Stephanie Wachner
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Igor Gridchyn
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Maria Akhmanova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Markus Linder
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine 1, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marko Roblek
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine 1, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daria Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
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30
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Yu-Kemp HC, Szymanski RA, Cortes DB, Gadda NC, Lillich ML, Maddox AS, Peifer M. Micron-scale supramolecular myosin arrays help mediate cytoskeletal assembly at mature adherens junctions. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:212872. [PMID: 34812842 PMCID: PMC8614156 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells assemble specialized actomyosin structures at E-Cadherin–based cell–cell junctions, and the force exerted drives cell shape change during morphogenesis. The mechanisms that build this supramolecular actomyosin structure remain unclear. We used ZO-knockdown MDCK cells, which assemble a robust, polarized, and highly organized actomyosin cytoskeleton at the zonula adherens, combining genetic and pharmacologic approaches with superresolution microscopy to define molecular machines required. To our surprise, inhibiting individual actin assembly pathways (Arp2/3, formins, or Ena/VASP) did not prevent or delay assembly of this polarized actomyosin structure. Instead, as junctions matured, micron-scale supramolecular myosin arrays assembled, with aligned stacks of myosin filaments adjacent to the apical membrane, overlying disorganized actin filaments. This suggested that myosin arrays might bundle actin at mature junctions. Consistent with this idea, inhibiting ROCK or myosin ATPase disrupted myosin localization/organization and prevented actin bundling and polarization. We obtained similar results in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest a novel role for myosin self-assembly, helping drive actin organization to facilitate cell shape change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chia Yu-Kemp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rachel A Szymanski
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Daniel B Cortes
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nicole C Gadda
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Madeline L Lillich
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Amy S Maddox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mark Peifer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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31
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Dynamics of the Actin Cytoskeleton at Adhesion Complexes. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010052. [PMID: 35053050 PMCID: PMC8773209 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The shape of cells is altered to allow cells to adapt to their changing environments, including responding to internally generated and externally applied force. Force is sensed by cell surface adhesion proteins that are enriched in sites where cells bind to the extracellular matrix (focal adhesions) and neighboring cells (cell-cell or adherens junctions). Receptors at these adhesion sites stimulate intracellular signal transduction cascades that culminate in dramatic changes in the actin cytoskeleton. New actin filaments form, and/or new and existing filaments can be cleaved, branched, or bundled. Here, we discuss the actin cytoskeleton and its functions. We will examine the current understanding for how the actin cytoskeleton is tethered to adhesion sites. Finally, we will highlight recent studies describing how the actin cytoskeleton at these adhesion sites is remodeled in response to force.
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32
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Abstract
E-cadherin is the main component of epithelial adherens junctions (AJs), which play a crucial role in the maintenance of stable cell-cell adhesion and overall tissue integrity. Down-regulation of E-cadherin expression has been found in many carcinomas, and loss of E-cadherin is generally associated with poor prognosis in patients. During the last decade, however, numerous studies have shown that E-cadherin is essential for several aspects of cancer cell biology that contribute to cancer progression, most importantly, active cell migration. In this review, we summarize the available data about the input of E-cadherin in cancer progression, focusing on the latest advances in the research of the various roles E-cadherin-based AJs play in cancer cell dissemination. The review also touches upon the "cadherin switching" in cancer cells where N- or P-cadherin replace or are co-expressed with E-cadherin and its influence on the migratory properties of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Rubtsova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Y Zhitnyak
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A Gloushankova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia
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33
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Chen Y, Brasch J, Harrison OJ, Bidone TC. Computational model of E-cadherin clustering under force. Biophys J 2021; 120:4944-4954. [PMID: 34687721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherins play a critical role in the formation of cell-cell adhesions for several physiological functions, including tissue development, repair, and homeostasis. The formation of clusters of E-cadherins involves extracellular adhesive (trans-) and lateral (cis-) associations between E-cadherin ectodomains and stabilization through intracellular binding to the actomyosin cytoskeleton. This binding provides force to the adhesion and is required for mechanotransduction. However, the exact role of cytoskeletal force on the clustering of E-cadherins is not well understood. To gain insights into this mechanism, we developed a computational model based on Brownian dynamics. In the model, E-cadherins transit between structural and functional states; they are able to bind and unbind other E-cadherins on the same and/or opposite cell(s) through trans- and cis-interactions while also creating dynamic links with the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Our results show that actomyosin force governs the fraction of E-cadherins in clusters and the size and number of clusters. For low forces (below 10 pN), a large number of small E-cadherin clusters form with less than five E-cadherins each. At higher forces, the probability of forming fewer but larger clusters increases. These findings support the idea that force reinforces cell-cell adhesions, which is consistent with differences in cluster size previously observed between apical and lateral junctions of epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Julia Brasch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Oliver J Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tamara C Bidone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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34
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Gagat M, Zielińska W, Mikołajczyk K, Zabrzyński J, Krajewski A, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Grzanka D, Grzanka A. CRISPR-Based Activation of Endogenous Expression of TPM1 Inhibits Inflammatory Response of Primary Human Coronary Artery Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor α. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668032. [PMID: 34604206 PMCID: PMC8484921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is one of the most important proinflammatory cytokines, which affects many processes associated with the growth and characteristics of endothelial, smooth muscle, and immune system cells. However, there is no correlation between most in vivo and in vitro studies on its role in endothelial cell proliferation and migration. In this study, we examined the effect of recombinant human (rh) TNFα produced in HEK293 cells on primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (pHCAECs) in the context of F-actin organization and such processes as migration and adhesion. Furthermore, we evaluated the possibility of the inhibition of the endothelial inflammatory response by the CRISPR-based regulation of TPM1 gene expression. We showed that TNFα-induced activation of pHCAECs was related to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into parallel-arranged stress fibers running along the longer axis of pHCAECs. It allowed for the directed and parallel motion of the cells during coordinated migration. This change in F-actin organization promoted strong but discontinuous cell–cell contacts involved in signalization between migrating cells. Moreover, this form of intercellular connections together with locally increased adhesion was related to the formation of migrasomes and further migracytosis. Stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton through the CRISPR-based activation of endogenous expression of TPM1 resulted in the inhibition of the inflammatory response of pHCAECs following treatment with rh TNFα and stabilization of cell–cell junctions through reduced cleavage of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and maintenance of the stable levels of α- and β-catenins. We also showed that CRISPR-based activation of TPM1 reduced inflammatory activation, proliferation, and migration of primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Therefore, products of the TPM1 gene may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of proinflammatory vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wioletta Zielińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Klaudia Mikołajczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of General Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Oncology and Trauma Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adrian Krajewski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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35
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Gupta S, Duszyc K, Verma S, Budnar S, Liang X, Gomez GA, Marcq P, Noordstra I, Yap AS. Enhanced RhoA signalling stabilizes E-cadherin in migrating epithelial monolayers. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272015. [PMID: 34368835 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelia migrate as physically coherent populations of cells. Previous studies have revealed that mechanical stress accumulates in these cellular layers as they move. These stresses are characteristically tensile in nature and have often been inferred to arise when moving cells pull upon the cell-cell adhesions that hold them together. We now report that epithelial tension at adherens junctions between migrating cells also increases due to an increase in RhoA-mediated junctional contractility. We found that active RhoA levels were stimulated by p114 RhoGEF (also known as ARHGEF18) at the junctions between migrating MCF-7 monolayers, and this was accompanied by increased levels of actomyosin and mechanical tension. Applying a strategy to restore active RhoA specifically at adherens junctions by manipulating its scaffold, anillin, we found that this junctional RhoA signal was necessary to stabilize junctional E-cadherin (CDH1) during epithelial migration and promoted orderly collective movement. We suggest that stabilization of E-cadherin by RhoA serves to increase cell-cell adhesion to protect against the mechanical stresses of migration. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafali Gupta
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Kinga Duszyc
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Suzie Verma
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Srikanth Budnar
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Xuan Liang
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Philippe Marcq
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ivar Noordstra
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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36
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Melo PN, Souza da Silveira M, Mendes Pinto I, Relvas JB. Morphofunctional programming of microglia requires distinct roles of type II myosins. Glia 2021; 69:2717-2738. [PMID: 34329508 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The ramified morphology of microglia and the dynamics of their membrane protrusions are essential for their functions in central nervous system development, homeostasis, and disease. Although their ability to change and control shape critically depends on the actin and actomyosin cytoskeleton, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we systematically analyzed the actomyosin cytoskeleton and regulators downstream of the small GTPase RhoA in the control of microglia shape and function. Our results reveal that (i) Myh9 controls cortical tension levels and affects microglia protrusion formation, (ii) cofilin-mediated maintenance of actin turnover regulates microglia protrusion extension, and (iii) Myh10 influences microglia inflammatory activation. Overall we uncover molecular pathways that regulate microglia morphology and identify type-II myosins as important regulators of microglia biology with differential roles in the control of cell shape (Myh9) and functions (Myh10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Neves Melo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Graduate Programme in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Souza da Silveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Inês Mendes Pinto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Life Sciences, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
| | - João Bettencourt Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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37
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Inman A, Smutny M. Feeling the force: Multiscale force sensing and transduction at the cell-cell interface. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 120:53-65. [PMID: 34238674 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A universal principle of all living cells is the ability to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli which is essential for many biological processes. Recent efforts have identified critical mechanosensitive molecules and response pathways involved in mechanotransduction during development and tissue homeostasis. Tissue-wide force transmission and local force sensing need to be spatiotemporally coordinated to precisely regulate essential processes during development such as tissue morphogenesis, patterning, cell migration and organogenesis. Understanding how cells identify and interpret extrinsic forces and integrate a specific response on cell and tissue level remains a major challenge. In this review we consider important cellular and physical factors in control of cell-cell mechanotransduction and discuss their significance for cell and developmental processes. We further highlight mechanosensitive macromolecules that are known to respond to external forces and present examples of how force responses can be integrated into cell and developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Inman
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, UK
| | - Michael Smutny
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, UK.
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38
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Cadherin puncta are interdigitated dynamic actin protrusions necessary for stable cadherin adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023510118. [PMID: 34099568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023510118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins harness the actin cytoskeleton to build cohesive sheets of cells using paradoxically weak bonds, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In one popular model, actin organizes cadherins into large, micrometer-sized clusters known as puncta. Myosin is thought to pull on these puncta to generate strong adhesion. Here, however, we show that cadherin puncta are actually interdigitated actin microspikes generated by actin polymerization mediated by three factors (Arp2/3, EVL, and CRMP-1). The convoluted membranes in these regions give the impression of cadherin clustering by fluorescence microscopy, but the ratio of cadherin to membrane is constant. Nevertheless, these interlocking fingers of membrane are important for adhesion because perturbing their formation disrupts cell adhesion. In contrast, blocking myosin-dependent contractility does not disrupt either the interdigitated microspikes or lateral membrane adhesion. "Puncta" are zones of strong cell-cell adhesion not due to cadherin clustering but that occur because the interdigitated microspikes expand the surface area available for adhesive bond formation and increase the asperity of the cell surface to promote friction between cells.
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39
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Schliffka MF, Tortorelli AF, Özgüç Ö, de Plater L, Polzer O, Pelzer D, Maître JL. Multiscale analysis of single and double maternal-zygotic Myh9 and Myh10 mutants during mouse preimplantation development. eLife 2021; 10:e68536. [PMID: 33871354 PMCID: PMC8096435 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first days of mammalian development, the embryo forms the blastocyst, the structure responsible for implanting the mammalian embryo. Consisting of an epithelium enveloping the pluripotent inner cell mass and a fluid-filled lumen, the blastocyst results from a series of cleavage divisions, morphogenetic movements, and lineage specification. Recent studies have identified the essential role of actomyosin contractility in driving cytokinesis, morphogenesis, and fate specification, leading to the formation of the blastocyst. However, the preimplantation development of contractility mutants has not been characterized. Here, we generated single and double maternal-zygotic mutants of non-muscle myosin II heavy chains (NMHCs) to characterize them with multiscale imaging. We found that Myh9 (NMHC II-A) is the major NMHC during preimplantation development as its maternal-zygotic loss causes failed cytokinesis, increased duration of the cell cycle, weaker embryo compaction, and reduced differentiation, whereas Myh10 (NMHC II-B) maternal-zygotic loss is much less severe. Double maternal-zygotic mutants for Myh9 and Myh10 show a much stronger phenotype, failing most of the attempts of cytokinesis. We found that morphogenesis and fate specification are affected but nevertheless carry on in a timely fashion, regardless of the impact of the mutations on cell number. Strikingly, even when all cell divisions fail, the resulting single-celled embryo can initiate trophectoderm differentiation and lumen formation by accumulating fluid in increasingly large vacuoles. Therefore, contractility mutants reveal that fluid accumulation is a cell-autonomous process and that the preimplantation program carries on independently of successful cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Frederik Schliffka
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Carl Zeiss SASMarly-le-RoyFrance
| | | | - Özge Özgüç
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | | | - Oliver Polzer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Diane Pelzer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
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40
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MAGIs regulate aPKC to enable balanced distribution of intercellular tension for epithelial sheet homeostasis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:337. [PMID: 33712709 PMCID: PMC7954791 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Constriction of the apical plasma membrane is a hallmark of epithelial cells that underlies cell shape changes in tissue morphogenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity in homeostasis. Contractile force is exerted by a cortical actomyosin network that is anchored to the plasma membrane by the apical junctional complexes (AJC). In this study, we present evidence that MAGI proteins, structural components of AJC whose function remained unclear, regulate apical constriction of epithelial cells through the Par polarity proteins. We reveal that MAGIs are required to uniformly distribute Partitioning defective-3 (Par-3) at AJC of cells throughout the epithelial monolayer. MAGIs recruit ankyrin-repeat-, SH3-domain- and proline-rich-region-containing protein 2 (ASPP2) to AJC, which modulates Par-3-aPKC to antagonize ROCK-driven contractility. By coupling the adhesion machinery to the polarity proteins to regulate cellular contractility, we propose that MAGIs play essential and central roles in maintaining steady state intercellular tension throughout the epithelial cell sheet. Matsuzawa et al. show that adhesion-related molecules MAGI-1 and MAGI-3 localize partitioning defective-3 (Par-3) at apical junctional complexes of cells throughout the epithelial monolayer. This study provides insights into how tension distribution contributes to cellular contractility in epithelial tissue homeostasis.
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41
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Bai H, Zhou R, Barravecchia M, Norman R, Friedman A, Yu D, Lin X, Young JL, Dean DA. The Na+, K+-ATPase β1 subunit regulates epithelial tight junctions via MRCKα. JCI Insight 2021; 6:134881. [PMID: 33507884 PMCID: PMC7934944 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An intact lung epithelial barrier is essential for lung homeostasis. The Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA), primarily serving as an ion transporter, also regulates epithelial barrier function via modulation of tight junctions. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here, we show that overexpression of the NKA β1 subunit upregulates the expression of tight junction proteins, leading to increased alveolar epithelial barrier function by an ion transport–independent mechanism. Using IP and mass spectrometry, we identified a number of unknown protein interactions of the β1 subunit, including a top candidate, myotonic dystrophy kinase–related cdc42-binding kinase α (MRCKα), which is a protein kinase known to regulate peripheral actin formation. Using a doxycycline-inducible gene expression system, we demonstrated that MRCKα and its downstream activation of myosin light chain is required for the regulation of alveolar barrier function by the NKA β1 subunit. Importantly, MRCKα is expressed in both human airways and alveoli and has reduced expression in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a lung illness that can be caused by multiple direct and indirect insults, including the infection of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. Our results have elucidated a potentially novel mechanism by which NKA regulates epithelial tight junctions and have identified potential drug targets for treating ARDS and other pulmonary diseases that are caused by barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Bai
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alan Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Materials Design and Innovation, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Xin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics and
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42
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Sakakibara S, Mizutani K, Sugiura A, Sakane A, Sasaki T, Yonemura S, Takai Y. Afadin regulates actomyosin organization through αE-catenin at adherens junctions. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151595. [PMID: 32227204 PMCID: PMC7199863 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin-undercoated adherens junctions are critical for epithelial cell integrity and remodeling. Actomyosin associates with adherens junctions through αE-catenin complexed with β-catenin and E-cadherin in vivo; however, in vitro biochemical studies in solution showed that αE-catenin complexed with β-catenin binds to F-actin less efficiently than αE-catenin that is not complexed with β-catenin. Although a "catch-bond model" partly explains this inconsistency, the mechanism for this inconsistency between the in vivo and in vitro results remains elusive. We herein demonstrate that afadin binds to αE-catenin complexed with β-catenin and enhances its F-actin-binding activity in a novel mechanism, eventually inducing the proper actomyosin organization through αE-catenin complexed with β-catenin and E-cadherin at adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Sakakibara
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumu Sugiura
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sakane
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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43
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Phenotypic Plasticity of Cancer Cells Based on Remodeling of the Actin Cytoskeleton and Adhesive Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041821. [PMID: 33673054 PMCID: PMC7918886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that, instead of a binary switch, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer results in a flexible array of phenotypes, each one uniquely suited to a stage in the invasion-metastasis cascade. The phenotypic plasticity of epithelium-derived cancer cells gives them an edge in surviving and thriving in alien environments. This review describes in detail the actin cytoskeleton and E-cadherin-based adherens junction rearrangements that cancer cells need to implement in order to achieve the advantageous epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype and plasticity of migratory phenotypes that can arise from partial EMT.
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44
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Duszyc K, Gomez GA, Lagendijk AK, Yau MK, Nanavati BN, Gliddon BL, Hall TE, Verma S, Hogan BM, Pitson SM, Fairlie DP, Parton RG, Yap AS. Mechanotransduction activates RhoA in the neighbors of apoptotic epithelial cells to engage apical extrusion. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1326-1336.e5. [PMID: 33581074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia must eliminate apoptotic cells to preserve tissue barriers and prevent inflammation.1 Several different mechanisms exist for apoptotic clearance, including efferocytosis2,3 and apical extrusion.4,5 We found that extrusion was the first-line response to apoptosis in cultured monolayers and in zebrafish epidermis. During extrusion, the apoptotic cell elicited active lamellipodial protrusions and assembly of a contractile extrusion ring in its neighbors. Depleting E-cadherin compromised both the contractile ring and extrusion, implying that a cadherin-dependent pathway allows apoptotic cells to engage their neighbors for extrusion. We identify RhoA as the cadherin-dependent signal in the neighbor cells and show that it is activated in response to contractile tension from the apoptotic cell. This mechanical stimulus is conveyed by a myosin-VI-dependent mechanotransduction pathway that is necessary both for extrusion and to preserve the epithelial barrier when apoptosis was stimulated. Earlier studies suggested that release of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) from apoptotic cells might define where RhoA was activated. However, we found that, although S1P is necessary for extrusion, its contribution does not require a localized source of S1P in the epithelium. We therefore propose a unified view of how RhoA is stimulated to engage neighbor cells for apoptotic extrusion. Here, tension-sensitive mechanotransduction is the proximate mechanism that activates RhoA specifically in the immediate neighbors of apoptotic cells, but this also must be primed by S1P in the tissue environment. Together, these elements provide a coincidence detection system that confers robustness on the extrusion response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Duszyc
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anne K Lagendijk
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mei-Kwan Yau
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bageshri Naimish Nanavati
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Briony L Gliddon
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Thomas E Hall
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Suzie Verma
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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45
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Lenne PF, Rupprecht JF, Viasnoff V. Cell Junction Mechanics beyond the Bounds of Adhesion and Tension. Dev Cell 2021; 56:202-212. [PMID: 33453154 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions, in particular adherens junctions, are major determinants of tissue mechanics during morphogenesis and homeostasis. In attempts to link junctional mechanics to tissue mechanics, many have utilized explicitly or implicitly equilibrium approaches based on adhesion energy, surface energy, and contractility to determine the mechanical equilibrium at junctions. However, it is increasingly clear that they have significant limitations, such as that it remains challenging to link the dynamics of the molecular components to the resulting physical properties of the junction, to its remodeling ability, and to its adhesion strength. In this perspective, we discuss recent attempts to consider the aspect of energy dissipation at junctions to draw contact points with soft matter physics where energy loss plays a critical role in adhesion theories. We set the grounds for a theoretical framework of the junction mechanics that bridges the dynamics at the molecular scale to the mechanics at the tissue scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Lenne
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-François Rupprecht
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CPT, Turing Centre for Living Systems, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; CNRS Biomechanics of Cell Contacts, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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46
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Iijima N, Sato K, Kuranaga E, Umetsu D. Differential cell adhesion implemented by Drosophila Toll corrects local distortions of the anterior-posterior compartment boundary. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6320. [PMID: 33303753 PMCID: PMC7729853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining lineage restriction boundaries in proliferating tissues is vital to animal development. A long-standing thermodynamics theory, the differential adhesion hypothesis, attributes cell sorting phenomena to differentially expressed adhesion molecules. However, the contribution of the differential adhesion system during tissue morphogenesis has been unsubstantiated despite substantial theoretical support. Here, we report that Toll-1, a transmembrane receptor protein, acts as a differentially expressed adhesion molecule that straightens the fluctuating anteroposterior compartment boundary in the abdominal epidermal epithelium of the Drosophila pupa. Toll-1 is expressed across the entire posterior compartment under the control of the selector gene engrailed and displays a sharp expression boundary that coincides with the compartment boundary. Toll-1 corrects local distortions of the boundary in the absence of cable-like Myosin II enrichment along the boundary. The reinforced adhesion of homotypic cell contacts, together with pulsed cell contraction, achieves a biased vertex sliding action by resisting the separation of homotypic cell contacts in boundary cells. This work reveals a self-organizing system that integrates a differential adhesion system with pulsed contraction of cells to maintain lineage restriction boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Iijima
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Sato
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Daiki Umetsu
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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47
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Maynard SA, Winter CW, Cunnane EM, Stevens MM. Advancing Cell-Instructive Biomaterials Through Increased Understanding of Cell Receptor Spacing and Material Surface Functionalization. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 7:553-547. [PMID: 34805482 PMCID: PMC8594271 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-020-00180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Regenerative medicine is aimed at restoring normal tissue function and can benefit from the application of tissue engineering and nano-therapeutics. In order for regenerative therapies to be effective, the spatiotemporal integration of tissue-engineered scaffolds by the native tissue, and the binding/release of therapeutic payloads by nano-materials, must be tightly controlled at the nanoscale in order to direct cell fate. However, due to a lack of insight regarding cell–material interactions at the nanoscale and subsequent downstream signaling, the clinical translation of regenerative therapies is limited due to poor material integration, rapid clearance, and complications such as graft-versus-host disease. This review paper is intended to outline our current understanding of cell–material interactions with the aim of highlighting potential areas for knowledge advancement or application in the field of regenerative medicine. This is achieved by reviewing the nanoscale organization of key cell surface receptors, the current techniques used to control the presentation of cell-interactive molecules on material surfaces, and the most advanced techniques for characterizing the interactions that occur between cell surface receptors and materials intended for use in regenerative medicine. Lay Summary The combination of biology, chemistry, materials science, and imaging technology affords exciting opportunities to better diagnose and treat a wide range of diseases. Recent advances in imaging technologies have enabled better understanding of the specific interactions that occur between human cells and their immediate surroundings in both health and disease. This biological understanding can be used to design smart therapies and tissue replacements that better mimic native tissue. Here, we discuss the advances in molecular biology and technologies that can be employed to functionalize materials and characterize their interaction with biological entities to facilitate the design of more sophisticated medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Maynard
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Charles W. Winter
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Eoghan M. Cunnane
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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48
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Teo JL, Tomatis VM, Coburn L, Lagendijk AK, Schouwenaar IM, Budnar S, Hall TE, Verma S, McLachlan RW, Hogan BM, Parton RG, Yap AS, Gomez GA. Src kinases relax adherens junctions between the neighbors of apoptotic cells to permit apical extrusion. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2557-2569. [PMID: 32903148 PMCID: PMC7851871 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelia can eliminate apoptotic cells by apical extrusion. This is a complex morphogenetic event where expulsion of the apoptotic cell is accompanied by rearrangement of its immediate neighbors to form a rosette. A key mechanism for extrusion is constriction of an actomyosin network that neighbor cells form at their interface with the apoptotic cell. Here we report a complementary process of cytoskeletal relaxation that occurs when cortical contractility is down-regulated at the junctions between those neighbor cells themselves. This reflects a mechanosensitive Src family kinase (SFK) signaling pathway that is activated in neighbor cells when the apoptotic cell relaxes shortly after injury. Inhibiting SFK signaling blocks both the expulsion of apoptotic cells and the rosette formation among their neighbor cells. This reveals the complex pattern of spatially distinct contraction and relaxation that must be established in the neighboring epithelium for apoptotic cells to be extruded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Teo
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Vanesa M. Tomatis
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Luke Coburn
- Institute of Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, AB24 3UE
| | - Anne K. Lagendijk
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Irin-Maya Schouwenaar
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Srikanth Budnar
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Thomas E. Hall
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Suzie Verma
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Robert W. McLachlan
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Guillermo A. Gomez
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5000
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49
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Bischoff P, Kornhuber M, Dunst S, Zell J, Fauler B, Mielke T, Taubenberger AV, Guck J, Oelgeschläger M, Schönfelder G. Estrogens Determine Adherens Junction Organization and E-Cadherin Clustering in Breast Cancer Cells via Amphiregulin. iScience 2020; 23:101683. [PMID: 33163938 PMCID: PMC7607435 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play an important role in the development and progression of human cancers, particularly in breast cancer. Breast cancer progression depends on the malignant destabilization of adherens junctions (AJs) and disruption of tissue integrity. We found that estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) inhibition led to a striking spatial reorganization of AJs and microclustering of E-Cadherin (E-Cad) in the cell membrane of breast cancer cells. This resulted in increased stability of AJs and cell stiffness and a reduction of cell motility. These effects were actomyosin-dependent and reversible by estrogens. Detailed investigations showed that the ERα target gene and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand Amphiregulin (AREG) essentially regulates AJ reorganization and E-Cad microclustering. Our results not only describe a biological mechanism for the organization of AJs and the modulation of mechanical properties of cells but also provide a new perspective on how estrogens and anti-estrogens might influence the formation of breast tumors. ERα inhibition causes adherens junction (AJ) reorganization through AREG and EGFR AJ reorganization coincides with microclustering of E-Cadherin at cell membranes AJ reorganization and microclustering of E-Cadherin are actomyosin dependent AJ reorganization correlates with increased cell stiffness and reduced motility
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bischoff
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marja Kornhuber
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dunst
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Zell
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrix Fauler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Microscopy and Cryo-Electron Microscopy Service Group, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mielke
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Microscopy and Cryo-Electron Microscopy Service Group, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna V Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Oelgeschläger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gilbert Schönfelder
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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50
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Rouaud F, Sluysmans S, Flinois A, Shah J, Vasileva E, Citi S. Scaffolding proteins of vertebrate apical junctions: structure, functions and biophysics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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