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Wang A, Chen Z, Feng X, He G, Zhong T, Xiao Y, Yu X. Magnetic-gold nanoparticle-mediated paper-based biosensor for highly sensitive colorimetric detection of food adulteration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134849. [PMID: 38885584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Food adulteration presents a significant challenge due to the evasion of legal oversight and the difficulty of identification. Addressing this issue, there is an urgent need for on-site, rapid, visually based small-scale equipment, along with large-scale screening technology, to enable prompt results without providing opportunities for dishonest traders to react. Colorimetric reactions offer advantages in terms of speed, visualization, and miniaturization. However, there is a scarcity of suitable colorimetric reactions for food adulteration detection, and interference from colored food impurities and easily comparable color results affects accuracy. To overcome limitations, this study introduces a novel approach utilizing polydopamine magnetic nanoparticles to enrich DNA in food samples, effectively eliminating interfering components. By employing gold nanoparticles to generate magnetic-gold nanoparticles, a single magnetic bead achieves simultaneous enrichment, impurity removal, and detection. The use of paper-based biosensors and visualization equipment allows for the visualization and digital analysis of results, achieving a low detection limit of 4.59 nmol mL-1. The method also exhibits high accuracy and repeatability, with a RSD ranging from 1.6 % to 4.0 %. This innovative colorimetric method addresses the need for rapid, miniaturized, and large-scale detection, thus providing a solution for food adulteration challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyu Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiao Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyun He
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
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Fan J, Jiang S, Zhang T, Gao H, Chang BH, Qiao X, Han P. Sgabd-2 plays specific role in immune response against biopesticide Metarhizium anisopliae in Aphis citricola. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106003. [PMID: 39084799 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Metarhizium anisopliae is an effective biopesticide for controlling Aphis citricola, which has developed resistance to many chemical pesticides. However, the powerful immune system of A. citricola has limited the insecticidal efficacy of M. anisopliae. The co-evolution between insects and entomogenous fungi has led to emergence of new antifungal immune genes, which remain incompletely understood. In this study, an important immune gene Sgabd-2 was identified from A. citricola through transcriptome analysis. Sgabd-2 gene showed high expression in the 4th instar nymph and adult stages, and was mainly distributed in the abdominal region of A. citricola. The recombinant protein (rSgabd-2) exhibited no antifungal activity but demonstrated clear agglutination activity towards the conidia of M. anisopliae. RNA interference of Sgabd-2 by dsRNA feeding resulted in decreased phenoloxidase (PO) activity and weakened defense for A. citricola against M. anisopliae. Simultaneous silence of GNBP-1 and Sgabd-2 effectively reduced the immunity of A. citricola against M. anisopliae more than the individual RNAi of GNBP-1 or Sgabd-2. Furthermore, a genetically engineered M. anisopliae expressing double-stranded RNA (dsSgabd-2) targeting Sgabd-2 in A. citricola successfully suppressed the expression of Sgabd-2 and demonstrated increased virulence against A. citricola. Our findings elucidated Sgabd-2 as a critical new antifungal immune gene and proposed a genetic engineering strategy to enhance the insecticidal virulence of entomogenous fungi through RNAi-mediated inhibition of pest immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiao Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China
| | - Shirong Jiang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China
| | - Huiyan Gao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China
| | - Babar Hussain Chang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China
| | - Xiongwu Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Pengfei Han
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China.
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Vasquez A, Belsky J, Khanal N, Puri H, Balakrishnan D, Joshi NK, Louis J, Studebaker G, Kariyat R. Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi complex: current status, challenges and integrated strategies for managing the invasive sap-feeding insect pest of sorghum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39001705 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner;Hemiptera: Aphididae), sugarcane aphid (SCA), is an invasive phloem-feeder found worldwide with a wide host range of economically important plants including sorghum and sugarcane. Given its high reproductive capacity and ability to rapidly spread over long distances, SCA presents challenges for effective control, leading to substantial economic losses. Recent studies have identified two multiloci SCA genotypes specialized in feeding on sugarcane (MLL-D) and sorghum (MLL-F) in the USA, which raises concerns as the USA is the second largest sorghum-producing country. This has encouraged research towards identifying these two biotypes where some research has stated them as two species; MLL-D clade to be M. sacchari and MLL-F clade to be M. sorghi Theobald (Hemiptera: Aphididae), sorghum aphid (SA). This review aims at compiling research progress that has been made on understanding the SCA/SA species complex. Furthermore, this review also highlights a wide range of management strategies against SCA/SA that includes both biological and chemical methods. In addition, the review emphasizes studies examining host plant resistance to understand and evaluate the role of R-genes and phytohormones such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene against SCA. Beside this, plant volatiles and other secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenes and phytanes are also explored as potential control agents. Being an invasive pest, a single management tactic is inadequate to control SCA population and hence, integrated pest management practices incorporating physical, cultural and biological control methods should be implemented with exclusive chemical control as a last resort, which this review examines in detail. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Vasquez
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Joseph Belsky
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Neetu Khanal
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Heena Puri
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Devi Balakrishnan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Neelendra K Joshi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Glenn Studebaker
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Rupesh Kariyat
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Shi PQ, Wang L, Chen XY, Wang K, Wu QJ, Turlings TCJ, Zhang PJ, Qiu BL. Rickettsia transmission from whitefly to plants benefits herbivore insects but is detrimental to fungal and viral pathogens. mBio 2024; 15:e0244823. [PMID: 38315036 PMCID: PMC10936170 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02448-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endosymbionts play important roles in the life histories of herbivorous insects by impacting their development, survival, reproduction, and stress tolerance. How endosymbionts may affect the interactions between plants and insect herbivores is still largely unclear. Here, we show that endosymbiotic Rickettsia belli can provide mutual benefits also outside of their hosts when the sap-sucking whitefly Bemisia tabaci transmits them to plants. This transmission facilitates the spread of Rickettsia but is shown to also enhance the performance of the whitefly and co-infesting caterpillars. In contrast, Rickettsia infection enhanced plant resistance to several pathogens. Inside the plants, Rickettsia triggers the expression of salicylic acid-related genes and the two pathogen-resistance genes TGA 2.1 and VRP, whereas they repressed genes of the jasmonic acid pathway. Performance experiments using wild type and mutant tomato plants confirmed that Rickettsia enhances the plants' suitability for insect herbivores but makes them more resistant to fungal and viral pathogens. Our results imply that endosymbiotic Rickettsia of phloem-feeding insects affects plant defenses in a manner that facilitates their spread and transmission. This novel insight into how insects can exploit endosymbionts to manipulate plant defenses also opens possibilities to interfere with their ability to do so as a crop protection strategy. IMPORTANCE Most insects are associated with symbiotic bacteria in nature. These symbionts play important roles in the life histories of herbivorous insects by impacting their development, survival, reproduction as well as stress tolerance. Rickettsia is one important symbiont to the agricultural pest whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Here, for the first time, we revealed that the persistence of Rickettsia symbionts in tomato leaves significantly changed the defense pattern of tomato plants. These changes benefit both sap-feeding and leaf-chewing herbivore insects, such as increasing the fecundity of whitefly adults, enhancing the growth and development of the noctuid Spodoptera litura, but reducing the pathogenicity of Verticillium fungi and TYLCV virus to tomato plants distinctively. Our study unraveled a new horizon for the multiple interaction theories among plant-insect-bacterial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qiong Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qing-Jun Wu
- Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ted C. J. Turlings
- FARCE Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Peng-Jun Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Huangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Urbaneja-Bernat P, Tena A, González-Cabrera J, Rodriguez-Saona C. An insect's energy bar: the potential role of plant guttation on biological control. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 61:101140. [PMID: 37939848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant guttation is an exudation fluid composed of xylem and phloem sap secreted at the margins of leaves of many agricultural crops. Although plant guttation is a widespread phenomenon, its effect on natural enemies remains largely unexplored. A recent study showed that plant guttation can be a reliable nutrient-rich food source for natural enemies, affecting their communities in highbush blueberries. This review highlights the potential role of plant guttation as a food source for natural enemies, with a particular emphasis on its nutritional value, effects on insect communities, and potential use in conservation biological control. We also discuss possible negative implications and conclude with some open questions and future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Tena
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joel González-Cabrera
- Universitat de València, Institute BIOTECMED Department of Genetics, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Fernández de Bobadilla M, Ramírez NM, Calvo-Agudo M, Dicke M, Tena A. Honeydew management to promote biological control. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 61:101151. [PMID: 38097038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Honeydew is the excretion of plant-feeding hemipterans and it is one of the most abundant source of carbohydrates for parasitoids and predators in agroecosystems. Being so abundant, honeydew mediates direct and indirect interactions that affect biological control. We describe these interactions and identify honeydew-management strategies to reduce pest pressure. First, the presence of nondamaging honeydew producers in cover crops and hedges increases the efficacy of parasitoids and predators. Second, breaking the mutualism between ants and honeydew-producing pests with alternative sugar sources promotes biological control of these pests. Third, we propose to explore honeydew volatiles to attract biological control agents and repel pests, as well as to induce plant defenses. Finally, we urge reducing the use of systemic pesticides that contaminate honeydew and negatively affect biological control agents that feed on it. Overall, we propose that honeydew management is integrated in pest management programs to contribute to sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Fernández de Bobadilla
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera CV-315 km 10,7, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Natalia M Ramírez
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miguel Calvo-Agudo
- Agrobío S.L., Ctra, Nacional 340, Km 419, El Viso, La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, Spain
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Tena
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera CV-315 km 10,7, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
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7
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Álvarez-Pérez S, Lievens B, de Vega C. Floral nectar and honeydew microbial diversity and their role in biocontrol of insect pests and pollination. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 61:101138. [PMID: 37931689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-rich plant-related secretions, such as floral nectar and honeydew, that are commonly used as nutrient sources by insects and other animals, are also the ecological niche for diverse microbial communities. Recent research has highlighted the great potential of nectar and honeydew microbiomes in biological pest control and improved pollination, but the exploitation of these microbiomes requires a deep understanding of their community dynamics and plant-microbe-insect interactions. Additionally, the successful application of microbes in crop fields is conditioned by diverse ecological, legal, and ethical challenges that should be taken into account. In this article, we provide an overview of the nectar and honeydew microbiomes and discuss their potential applications in sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Clara de Vega
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Wang ZW, Zhao J, Li GY, Hu D, Wang ZG, Ye C, Wang JJ. The endosymbiont Serratia symbiotica improves aphid fitness by disrupting the predation strategy of ladybeetle larvae. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38196174 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Aphids, the important global agricultural pests, harbor abundant resources of symbionts that can improve the host adaptability to environmental conditions, also control the interactions between host aphid and natural enemy, resulting in a significant decrease in efficiency of biological control. The facultative symbiont Serratia symbiotica has a strong symbiotic association with its aphid hosts, a relationship that is known to interfere with host-parasitoid interactions. We hypothesized that Serratia may also influence other trophic interactions by interfering with the physiology and behavior of major predators to provide host aphid defense. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of Serratia on the host aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and its predator, the ladybeetle Propylaea japonica. First, the prevalence of Serratia in different A. pisum colonies was confirmed by amplicon sequencing. We then showed that harboring Serratia improved host aphid growth and fecundity but reduced longevity. Finally, our research demonstrated that Serratia defends aphids against P. japonica by impeding the predator's development and predation capacity, and modulating its foraging behavior. Our findings reveal that facultative symbiont Serratia improves aphid fitness by disrupting the predation strategy of ladybeetle larvae, offering new insight into the interactions between aphids and their predators, and providing the basis of a new biological control strategy for aphid pests involving the targeting of endosymbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Die Hu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zi-Guo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Yi C, Teng D, Xie J, Tang H, Zhao D, Liu X, Liu T, Ding W, Khashaveh A, Zhang Y. Volatiles from cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii) infested plants attract the natural enemy Hippodamia variegata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1326630. [PMID: 38173929 PMCID: PMC10761428 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1326630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Aphis gossypii is a major threat of cotton worldwide due to its short life cycle and rapid reproduction. Chemical control is the primary method used to manage the cotton aphid, which has significant environmental impacts. Therefore, prioritizing eco-friendly alternatives is essential for managing the cotton aphid. The ladybird, Hippodamia variegata, is a predominant predator of the cotton aphid. Its performance in cotton plantation is directly linked to chemical communication, where volatile compounds emitted from aphid-infested plants play important roles in successful predation. Here, we comprehensively studied the chemical interaction between the pest, natural enemy and host plants by analyzing the volatile profiles of aphid-infested cotton plants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We then utilized the identified volatile compounds in electrophysiological recording (EAG) and behavioral assays. Through behavioral tests, we initially demonstrated the clear preference of both larvae and adults of H. variegata for aphid-infested plants. Subsequently, 13 compounds, namely α-pinene, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 4-ethyl-1-octyn-3-ol, β-ocimene, dodecane, E-β-farnesene, decanal, methyl salicylate, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, farnesol, DMNT, and TMTT were identified from aphid-infested plants. All these compounds were electrophysiologically active and induced detectable EAG responses in larvae and adults. Y-tube olfactometer assays indicated that, with few exceptions for larvae, all identified chemicals were attractive to H. variegata, particularly at the highest tested concentration (100 mg/ml). The outcomes of this study establish a practical foundation for developing attractants for H. variegata and open avenues for potential advancements in aphid management strategies by understanding the details of chemical communication at a tritrophic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaoxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Haoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tinghui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Cusumano A, Lievens B. Microbe-mediated alterations in floral nectar: consequences for insect parasitoids. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 60:101116. [PMID: 37741616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Floral nectar is frequently colonized by microbes among which bacteria and yeasts are the most abundant. These microbes have the ability to alter nectar characteristics with consequences for the whole community of flower-visiting insects. Recent research carried out on natural enemies of insect herbivores has shown that microbe-mediated changes in nectar traits can influence the foraging behavior and life history traits of parasitoids. The production of microbial volatile organic compounds can affect the attraction of parasitoids to nectar, while changes in sugar and amino acid composition can impact their longevity. Future research should focus on understanding the effects of nectar microbial colonization on parasitoid reproduction, with a specific emphasis on the interactions among different microbial taxa known to co-occur in floral nectar. Overall, this review highlights the importance of considering the role of nectar-inhabiting microbes in shaping the interactions between parasitoids and their food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Cusumano
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Bart Lievens
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Zhang G, Fu Y, Shao Y, Zhao J, Lei X, Fu Y, Li L, Zhou A. Semiochemicals Produced by Microbes in Mealybug Honeydew Attract Fire Ants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15456-15465. [PMID: 37843466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Semiochemicals produced by microbes in hemipteran honeydew play an important role in mediating the ant-hemipteran interaction. However, the specific volatile compounds and their origins remain unclear. Here, we found that honeydew produced by Phenacoccus solenopsis exhibited strong attractiveness to fire ant workers, but sterilized honeydew was much less attractive. Four compounds were identified from the honeydew volatiles, including 1-octen-3-ol, limonene, phenylethyl alcohol, and 2,4-ditert-butylphenol. All the identified compounds triggered strong electroantennography response of fire ants and showed repellence at relatively high concentrations while attractiveness at low concentrations to fire ant workers. Furthermore, six bacterial isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing, namely, Bacillus, Brachybacterium, Kocuria, Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus. Fire ants exhibited a strong preference for Brachybacterium, Kocuria, and Microbacterium, suggesting that these bacterial isolates are involved in the attracting effect of honeydew. Both limonene and phenylethyl alcohol were detected from Brachybacterium, while limonene was only detected from Kocuria, and phenylethyl alcohol was exclusively detected from Microbacterium. Reinoculation of these bacteria restored the attractiveness of honeydew to fire ants, and the active compounds, limonene and phenylethyl alcohol, were detectable in bacteria-reinoculated honeydew. Collectively, our results reveal the active compounds in hemipteran honeydew and their association with honeydew bacteria. The findings will contribute to the development of novel attractants for efficient monitoring of fire ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yikang Shao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Lei
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yueguan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Aiming Zhou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Du XY, Zhang PF, Gong SR, Liang YS, Huang YH, Li HS, Pang H. Discovery of a novel circulation route of free-living Serratiasymbiotica mediated by predatory ladybird beetles. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad133. [PMID: 37852673 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Horizontal transmission of bacteria to varied hosts can maintain and even expand microbial niches. We previously found that the aphid gut bacterium Serratia symbiotica strain SsMj can be transmitted to ladybird beetles via predation, but whether the predator is a new host, a reservoir or a dead end of this bacterium is unknown. This study aims to provide a clear picture of SsMj circulation from aphids to plants and predators. We first found that SsMj in aphids and ladybirds was abundantly distributed not only in digestive tracts but also in droppings. We found no evidence for vertical transmission of SsMj to aphid offspring. Instead, we showed that it could be transmitted to conspecific aphids by sharing the same plant or contacting honeydews. The key finding of this study is that SsMj was transmitted from aphids to ladybirds through predation, while ladybirds could also transfer SsMj back to aphids, possibly through feces. Together, this evidence suggests that SsMj is able to survive in the digestive tracts and droppings of insects and to expand its host range with plants and predators as reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Pei-Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Sen-Rui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuan-Sen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu-Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hao-Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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van Neerbos FAC, Dewitte P, Wäckers F, Wenseleers T, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Bacterial volatiles elicit differential olfactory responses in insect species from the same and different trophic levels. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1464-1480. [PMID: 36644938 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insect communities consist of species from several trophic levels that have to forage for suitable resources among and within larger patches of nonresources. To locate their resources, insects use diverse stimuli, including olfactory, visual, acoustic, tactile and gustatory cues. While most research has focused on cues derived from plants and other insects, there is mounting evidence that insects also respond to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by microorganisms. However, to date little is known about how the olfactory response of insects within and across different trophic levels is affected by bacterial VOCs. In this study, we used Y-tube bioassays and chemical analysis of VOCs to assess how VOCs emitted by bacteria affect the olfactory response of insects of the same and different trophic levels. Experiments were performed using two aphid species (Amphorophora idaei Börner and Myzus persicae var. nicotianae Blackman), three primary parasitoid species (Aphidius colemani Viereck, A. ervi Haliday, and A. matricariae Viereck), and two hyperparasitoid species (Asaphes suspensus Nees and Dendrocerus aphidum Rondani). Olfactory responses were evaluated for three bacterial strains (Bacillus pumilus ST18.16/133, Curtobacterium sp. ST18.16/085, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus ST18.16/160) that were isolated from the habitat of the insects. Results revealed that insects from all trophic levels responded to bacterial volatiles, but olfactory responses varied between and within trophic levels. All bacteria produced the same set of volatile compounds, but often in different relative concentrations. For 11 of these volatiles we found contrasting correlations between their concentration and the behavior of the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. Furthermore, olfactometer experiments on three of these compounds confirmed the contrasting olfactory responses of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. The potential of these findings for the development of novel semiochemical-based strategies to improve biological aphid control has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Antoinette Cornelus van Neerbos
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Dewitte
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Tom Wenseleers
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Xu L. The pivotal roles of gut microbiota in insect plant interactions for sustainable pest management. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:66. [PMID: 37735530 PMCID: PMC10514296 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota serves as a critical "organ" in the life cycle of animals, particularly in the intricate interplay between herbivorous pests and plants. This review summarizes the pivotal functions of the gut microbiota in mediating the insect-plant interactions, encompassing their influence on host insects, modulation of plant physiology, and regulation of the third trophic level species within the ecological network. Given these significant functions, it is plausible to harness these interactions and their underlying mechanisms to develop novel eco-friendly pest control strategies. In this context, we also outline some emerging pest control methods based on the intestinal microbiota or bacteria-mediated interactions, such as symbiont-mediated RNAi and paratransgenesis, albeit these are still in their nascent stages and confront numerous challenges. Overall, both opportunities and challenges coexist in the exploration of the intestinal microbiota-mediated interactions between insect pests and plants, which will not only enrich the fundamental knowledge of plant-insect interactions but also facilitate the development of sustainable pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Letian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Chen S, Zhou A, Xu Y. Symbiotic Bacteria Regulating Insect-Insect/Fungus/Virus Mutualism. INSECTS 2023; 14:741. [PMID: 37754709 PMCID: PMC10531535 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria associated with insects potentially provide many beneficial services and have been well documented. Mutualism that relates to insects is widespread in ecosystems. However, the interrelation between "symbiotic bacteria" and "mutualism" has rarely been studied. We introduce three systems of mutualism that relate to insects (ants and honeydew-producing Hemiptera, fungus-growing insects and fungi, and plant persistent viruses and vector insects) and review the species of symbiotic bacteria in host insects, as well as their functions in host insects and the mechanisms underlying mutualism regulation. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms and role of symbiotic bacteria, based on metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiology, will be required for describing the entire interaction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Aiming Zhou
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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16
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Peñalver-Cruz A, Satour P, Jaloux B, Lavandero B. Honeydew Is a Food Source and a Contact Kairomone for Aphelinus mali. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050426. [PMID: 37233054 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many parasitoids need to feed on sugar sources at the adult stage. Although nectar has been proven to be a source of higher nutritional quality compared to honeydew excreted by phloem feeders, the latter can provide the necessary carbohydrates for parasitoids and increase their longevity, fecundity and host searching time. Honeydew is not only a trophic resource for parasitoids, but it can also constitute an olfactory stimulus involved in host searching. In this study, we combined longevity measurements in the laboratory, olfactometry and feeding history inference of individuals caught in the field to test the hypothesis that honeydew excreted by the aphid Eriosoma lanigerum could serve as a trophic resource for its parasitoid Aphelinus mali as well as a kairomone used by the parasitoid to discover its hosts. Results indicate that honeydew increased longevity of A. mali females if water was provided. Water could be necessary to feed on this food source because of its viscosity and its coating by wax. The presence of honeydew allowed longer stinging events by A. mali on E. lanigerum. However, no preference towards honeydew was observed, when given the choice. The role of honeydew excreted by E. lanigerum on A. mali feeding and searching behavior to increase its efficiency as a biological control agent is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Peñalver-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (IRTA)-Campus de la Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària (ETSEA), Protecció Vegetal Sostenible, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Pascale Satour
- IRHS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Bruno Jaloux
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Blas Lavandero
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
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17
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Frago E, Zytynska S. Impact of herbivore symbionts on parasitoid foraging behaviour. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 57:101027. [PMID: 36990151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Parasitoids are insects that lay eggs in other insects, but before this, they have the remarkable task of locating and successfully attacking a suitable individual. Once an egg is laid, many herbivorous hosts carry defensive symbionts that prevent parasitoid development. Some symbioses can act ahead of these defences by reducing parasitoid foraging efficiency, while others may betray their hosts by producing chemical cues that attract parasitoids. In this review, we provide examples of symbionts altering the different steps that adult parasitoids need to take to achieve egg laying. We also discuss how interactions between habitat complexity, plants and herbivores modulate the way symbionts affect parasitoid foraging, and parasitoid evaluation of patch quality based on risk cues derived from parasitoid antagonists such as competing parasitoids and predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Frago
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Sharon Zytynska
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Liu WB, Li HM, Wang GR, Cao HQ, Wang B. Conserved Odorant Receptor, EcorOR4, Mediates Attraction of Mated Female Eupeodes corollae to 1-Octen-3-ol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1837-1844. [PMID: 36682010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Odorant receptors (ORs) in insects are crucial for the detection of chemical signals. However, the functions of the conserved OR genes among insect species are rarely studied. In this study, we analyzed a well-conserved OR clade in Diptera insects and cloned a gene from this clade, EcorOR4, in the hoverfly Eupeodes corollae. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that EcorOR4 was highly expressed in the antennae and upregulated in the mated females, and in vitro functional characterization showed that EcorOR4 was narrowly tuned to 1-octen-3-ol. Electroantennogram assays revealed that the antennal response of mated females to 1-octen-3-ol was significantly higher than that of mated males, but no significant differences were observed between male and female virgins. Finally, a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay showed that 1-octen-3-ol is an attractant for only mated female E. corollae adults. These results demonstrate that EcorOR4 is involved in the detection of 1-octen-3-ol and that this compound may affect the host-finding and oviposition behavior in female E. corollae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Biao Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gui-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Colazza S, Peri E, Cusumano A. Chemical Ecology of Floral Resources in Conservation Biological Control. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 68:13-29. [PMID: 36130040 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conservation biological control aims to enhance populations of natural enemies of insect pests in crop habitats, typically by intentional provision of flowering plants as food resources. Ideally, these flowering plants should be inherently attractive to natural enemies to ensure that they are frequently visited. We review the chemical ecology of floral resources in a conservation biological control context, with a focus on insect parasitoids. We highlight the role of floral volatiles as semiochemicals that attract parasitoids to the food resources. The discovery that nectar-inhabiting microbes can be hidden players in mediating parasitoid responses to flowering plants has highlighted the complexity of the interactions between plants and parasitoids. Furthermore, because food webs in agroecosystems do not generally stop at the third trophic level, we also consider responses of hyperparasitoids to floral resources. We thus provide an overview of floral compounds as semiochemicals from a multitrophic perspective, and we focus on the remaining questions that need to be addressed to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Colazza
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; , ,
| | - Ezio Peri
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; , ,
| | - Antonino Cusumano
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; , ,
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20
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Ghashghaei S, Etemadifar Z, Tavassoli M, Mofid MR. Optimization of Degenerate PCR Conditions for Reducing Error Rates in Detection of PKS and NRPS Gene groups in Actinomycetes. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2023; 15:28-37. [PMID: 36789116 PMCID: PMC9895980 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The screen of Polyketide Synthase (PKS) and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase (NRPS) gene groups is a quick way to discover new therapeutic agents. However, errors in laboratory techniques cause a loss of touch with reality. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of PKS and NRPS gene groups in previously isolated strains by optimizing their specialized amplification by degenerate primers and indicating the evolutionary relationships with reference strains. Methods PKS-I, II, and NRPS genes PCR amplification was performed using three degenerate primer sets for 22 actinomycete strains with antibacterial activity. Annealing temperature and the amount of template DNA and primers were optimized. PCR products of PKS-I, II, and NRPS from three strains were sequenced after TA cloning. Besides, strains with high antibacterial activity were identified by biochemical features and partial 16S rDNA sequencing and hypothetically classified by a phylogenetic tree. Results High frequencies of PKS-I (86.4%), PKS-II (81.8%), and NRPS (95.4%) genes were found among the strains after optimization. Fourteen strains (64%) contained all of the genes, and 100% of strains had at least two genes. These numbers are pretty distinct in comparison with the previous researches. All of the sequenced strains were members of Streptomyces genus. Conclusion Our research showed that degenerate PCR strongly depends on the variation of annealing temperature and primer concentration, resulting in an unexpected shift in PCR outputs. The sequencing results confirmed the optimized conditions for specialized PCR of PKS-I, PKS-II, and NRPS gene groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghashghaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Etemadifar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Tavassoli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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21
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Wright C, Helms AM, Bernal JS, Grunseich JM, Medina RF. Aphelinus nigritus Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Preference for Sorghum Aphid, Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald, 1904) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Honeydew Is Stronger in Johnson Grass, Sorghum halepense, Than in Grain Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor. INSECTS 2022; 14:10. [PMID: 36661939 PMCID: PMC9862272 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
How aphid parasitoids of recent invasive species interact with their hosts can affect the feasibility of biological control. In this study, we focus on a recent invasive pest of US grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, the sorghum aphid (SA), Melanaphis sorghi. Understanding this pest's ecology in the grain sorghum agroecosystem is critical to develop effective control strategies. As parasitoids often use aphid honeydew as a sugar resource, and honeydew is known to mediate parasitoid-aphid interactions, we investigated the ability of SA honeydew to retain the parasitoid Aphelinus nigritus. Since SAs in the US have multiple plant hosts, and host-plant diet can modulate parasitoid retention (a major component in host foraging), we measured SA honeydew sugar, organic acid, and amino acid profiles, then assessed via retention time A. nigritus preference for honeydew produced on grain sorghum or Johnson grass, Sorghum halepense. Compared to a water control, A. nigritus spent more time on SA honeydew produced on either host plant. Despite similar honeydew profiles from both plant species, A. nigritus preferred honeydew produced on Johnson grass. Our results suggest the potential for SA honeydew to facilitate augmentation strategies aimed at maintaining A. nigritus on Johnson grass to suppress SAs before grain sorghum is planted.
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Faal H, Meier LR, Canlas IJ, Murman K, Wallace M, Carrillo D, Cooperband MF. Volatiles from male honeydew excretions attract conspecific male spotted lanternflies, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:982965. [PMID: 38468787 PMCID: PMC10926466 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.982965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is a generalist phloem feeder that produces copious amounts of honeydew, which in turn coats the understory. These insects form large aggregations covering the trunks of some trees, while similar trees nearby mysteriously seem unattractive. We investigated whether volatiles from SLF honeydew are attractive to conspecifics by collecting honeydew from the field and testing it for SLF attraction in a two-choice olfactometer. We found that honeydew excreted by adult male SLF was significantly attractive to male SLF, but not female SLF. Although the honeydew excreted by adult female SLF did not significantly attract male or female SLF, both sexes showed a positive trend towards attraction in response to female honeydew in the olfactometer. Analysis of the headspace volatiles of honeydew was conducted, and numerous semiochemicals were identified. Five of which, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, benzyl acetate, and 1-nonanol, were tested in two-choice behavioral assays against a blank control. Benzyl acetate and 2-octanone were attractive to both sexes, whereas 2-heptanone was only attractive to males, and 2-nonanone only to females. The remaining compound, 1-nonanol, repelled females, but not males. Although honeydew has been reported as a source of kairomones for some natural enemies, this may be the first report of sex-specific attractants for conspecific insects found in the honeydew volatiles of a planthopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Faal
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Linnea R. Meier
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Isaiah J. Canlas
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
| | - Kelly Murman
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
| | - Matthew Wallace
- Biology Department, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Miriam F. Cooperband
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
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Gut bacteria induce oviposition preference through ovipositor recognition in fruit fly. Commun Biol 2022; 5:973. [PMID: 36109578 PMCID: PMC9477868 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGut bacteria play important roles in insect life cycle, and various routes can be used by insects to effectively transmit their gut bacteria. However, it is unclear if the gut bacteria can spread by actively attracting their insect hosts, and the recognition mechanisms of host insects are poorly understood. Here, we explore chemical interactions between Bactrocera dorsalis and its gut bacterium Citrobacter sp. (CF-BD). We found that CF-BD could affect the development of host ovaries and could be vertically transmitted via host oviposition. CF-BD could attract B. dorsalis to lay eggs by producing 3-hexenyl acetate (3-HA) in fruits that were hosts of B. dorsalis. Furthermore, we found that B. dorsalis could directly recognize CF-BD in fruits with their ovipositors in which olfactory genes were expressed to bind 3-HA. This work reports an important mechanism concerning the active spread of gut bacteria in their host insects.
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Gao Z, Ju X, Yang M, Xue R, Li Q, Fu K, Guo W, Tong L, Song Y, Zeng R, Wang J. Colorado potato beetle exploits frass-associated bacteria to suppress defense responses in potato plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3778-3787. [PMID: 35102699 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a destructive quarantine pest that develops broad physiological adaptations to potato plants. During feeding, CPB deposits a copious amount of wet frass onto the surface of leaves and stems that remains in place for long periods. Insect behaviors such as feeding, crawling and oviposition are able to mediate plant defenses. However, the specific role of CPB defecation-associated cues in manipulating plant defenses remains unclear. RESULTS CPB larval frass significantly suppressed potato polyphenol oxidase activity and enhanced larval growth on treated potato plants. The incorporation of antibiotics into larval frass triggered higher jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated defense responses in potato plants compared with antibiotic-free frass. Four bacterial symbionts belonging to the genera Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Pantoea were isolated from larval frass and suppressed plant defenses. After reinoculation of these bacteria into axenic larvae, Acinetobacter and Citrobacter were found to be highly abundant in the frass, whereas Enterobacter and Pantoea were less abundant probably due to the negative effect of potato steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA) such as α-solanine. Furthermore, direct application of Acinetobacter and Citrobacter to wounded potato plants significantly inhibited the expression of genes associated with the JA-mediated defense signaling pathway and SGA biosynthesis. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that CPB exploits frass-associated bacteria as a deceptive strategy of plant defense suppression, adding an interesting dimension to our understanding of how CPB successfully specializes on potato plants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Ju
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaiyun Fu
- Department of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Wenchao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Lu Tong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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25
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Hojo MK. Evolution of chemical interactions between ants and their mutualist partners. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100943. [PMID: 35691585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mutualism is the reciprocal exploitation of interacting participants and is vulnerable to nonrewarding cheating. Ants are dominant insects in most terrestrial ecosystems, and some aphids and lycaenid butterfly species provide them with nutritional nectar rewards and employ ants as bodyguards. In this review, I discuss how chemical communication based on condition-dependent signaling and recognition plasticity regulate the payoff of interacting participants. I argue that the selfishness of both participants explains the signaling and communication among participants and contributes to the stability of these mutualisms. Uncovering the origin and maintenance of mutualistic association of ants will come from future research on ant collective behavior, the genetic and neural basis of cooperation, and a deeper understanding of the costs and benefits of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru K Hojo
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan.
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26
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Peach DA, Matthews BJ. Sensory mechanisms for the shift from phytophagy to haematophagy in mosquitoes. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100930. [PMID: 35580800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Culicomorpha are an infraorder of several families of blood-feeding flies, including mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Here we discuss the evolutionary origins of blood-feeding within the Culicomorpha and review literature that suggests this behaviour may have evolved from ancestral plant-feeding or a combination of plant-feeding and insect-feeding. Sialomic and life-history evidence suggest that plant-feeding, concurrent or not with insect-feeding, is parsimonious as an ancestral diet for Culicomorpha. We review the chemical parsimony observed between vertebrate headspace odours, floral headspace odours, and honeydew headspace odours, which are behaviourally attractive to many of the Culicomorpha. We also review the sensory and neural mechanisms involved in changes in olfactory attraction and we propose this observed chemical parsimony as a hypothesis for an associative mechanism which may have led to the development of blood-feeding from plant-feeding that is consistent with a 'path of least resistance' for the sensory changes necessary to undergo host shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ah Peach
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, 4200-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin J Matthews
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, 4200-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
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Renyard A, Gries R, Cooper SL, Gooding CE, Breen JC, Alamsetti SK, Munoz A, Gries G. Floral and Bird Excreta Semiochemicals Attract Western Carpenter Ants. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.923871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ant colonies have vast and diverse nutritional needs but forager ants have limited mobility to meet these needs. Forager ants would accrue significant energy savings if they were able to sense and orient toward odor plumes of both carbohydrate and protein food sources. Moreover, if worker ants, like other flightless insects, had reduced olfactory acuity, they would not recognize the specific odor signatures of diverse carbohydrate and protein sources, but they may be able to orient toward those odorants that are shared between (macronutrient) food sources. Using the Western carpenter ant, Camponotus modoc, as a model species, we tested the hypotheses that (1) food sources rich in carbohydrates (aphid honeydew, floral nectar) and rich in proteins (bird excreta, house mouse carrion, cow liver infested or not with fly maggots) all prompt long-distance, anemotactic attraction of worker ants, and (2) attraction of ants to plant inflorescences (fireweed, Chamaenerion angustifolium; thimbleberry, Rubus parviflorus; and hardhack, Spiraea douglasii) is mediated by shared floral odorants. In moving-air Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, ants were attracted to two of four carbohydrate sources (thimbleberry and fireweed), and one of four protein sources (bird excreta). Headspace volatiles of these three attractive sources were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and synthetic odor blends of thimbleberry (7 components), fireweed (23 components), and bird excreta (38 components) were prepared. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, synthetic blends of thimbleberry and fireweed but not of bird excreta attracted ants, indicating that only the two floral blends contained all essential attractants. A blend of components shared between thimbleberry and fireweed was not attractive to ants. Our data support the conclusion that C. modoc worker ants can sense and orient toward both carbohydrate and protein food sources. As ants were selective in their responses to carbohydrate and protein resources, it seems that they can discern between specific food odor profiles and that they have good, rather than poor, olfactory acuity.
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Han P, Gong Q, Fan J, Abbas M, Chen D, Zhang J. Destruxin A inhibits scavenger receptor B mediated melanization in Aphis citricola. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1915-1924. [PMID: 35080798 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Destruxin A (DA) is a mycotoxin secreted by entomogenous fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, which has broad-spectrum insecticidal activity. Insect innate immunity provides resistance against the invasion of entomopathogenic fungi. Previous studies have shown that DA could inhibit the immune response, however, the suppressive mechanism of DA on prophenoloxidase system is still unknown. RESULTS Based on the transcriptome of Aphis citricola, we screened the scavenger receptor class B(AcSR-B)and identified that it significantly responds to DA. Spatio-temporal expression analysis showed that AcSR-B is highly expressed in adult stage and is mainly distributed in the abdominal region. We further revealed that both M. anisopliae and Escherichia coli could suppress the expression of AcSR-B at 24 h, and that the expressed recombinant protein rAcSR-B possessed agglutination activity to M. anisopliae and E. coli. DA could suppress the protein expression of AcSR-B. In addition, RNA interference of AcSR-B caused death of A. citricola in a dose-dependent manner, and RNA interference of AcSR-B increased mortality in A. citricola under the same lethal concentration of DA. The inhibiting effect of AcSR-B silencing was similar with the DA treatment upon phenol oxidase (PO) activity of A. citricola hemolymph. DA could not decrease PO activity further after AcSR-B silencing. CONCLUSION Destruxin A inhibits melanization by suppressing AcSR-B in A. citricola. Our findings are helpful in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of the DA suppressing immune system, and uncover a potential molecular target for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Han
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qitian Gong
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiqiao Fan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mureed Abbas
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Duo Chen
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
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Response of Aphid Parasitoids to Volatile Organic Compounds from Undamaged and Infested Brassica oleracea with Myzus persicae. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051522. [PMID: 35268623 PMCID: PMC8911704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Headspace solid microextraction (HS-SPME) and GC-MS were used to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cabbage plants infested and uninfested with green peach aphid Myzus persicae. The HS-SPME combined with GC-MS analysis of the volatiles described the differences between the infested and uninfested cabbage. Overall, 28 compounds were detected in infested and uninfested cabbage. Some VOCs released from infested cabbage were greater than uninfested plants and increased the quantity of the composition from infested plants. According to the peak area from the GC-MS analysis, the VOCs from infested cabbage consisted of propane, 2-methoxy, alpha- and beta pinene, myrcene, 1-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-, limonene, decane, gamma-terpinen and heptane, 2,4,4-trimethyl. All these volatiles were higher in the infested cabbage compared with their peak area in the uninfested cabbage. The results of the study using a Y-shape olfactometer revealed that the VOCs produced by infested cabbage attracted Myzus persicae substantially more than uninfested plants or clean air. The percentage of aphid choice was 80% in favor of infested cabbage; 7% were attracted to the clean air choice and uninfested plants. A total of aphids 7% were attracted to clean air. Comparing between infested and uninfested cabbage plants, the aphid was attracted to 63% of the infested cabbage, versus 57% of the uninfested cabbage. The preferences of Aphidus colemani and Aphelinus abdominalis to the infested or uninfested plants with M. persicae and compared with clean air indicated that parasitoids could discriminate the infested cabbage. Both parasitoids significantly responded to the plant odor and were attracted to 86.6% of the infested cabbage plants.
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30
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Li Q, Fu Y, Liu X, Sun J, Hou M, Zhang Y, Chen J. Activation of Wheat Defense Response by Buchnera aphidicola-Derived Small Chaperone Protein GroES in Wheat Aphid Saliva. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1058-1067. [PMID: 35076234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salivary proteins secreted by aphids during feeding play an important role in regulating the plant defense response. We used mass spectrometry to identify 155 proteins from the wheat aphid, Sitobion miscanthi, among which 44 proteins were derived from the primary symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola. GroES, which is a highly abundant molecular chaperone that binds to GroEL, was detected in saliva. In vitro injection of purified GroES protein and overexpression of GroES in wheat leaves verified that GroES induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation and callose deposition in wheat and further activated the plant salic acid and jasmonic acid defense pathways. Our findings indicate that plants may have evolved new strategies to detect aphid attack and trigger defense responses by recognizing proteins derived from B. aphidicola, which is present in almost all aphid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Maolin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Julian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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31
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Wang B, Dong W, Li H, D’Onofrio C, Bai P, Chen R, Yang L, Wu J, Wang X, Wang B, Ai D, Knoll W, Pelosi P, Wang G. Molecular basis of (E)-β-farnesene-mediated aphid location in the predator Eupeodes corollae. Curr Biol 2022; 32:951-962.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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V. PR, S. T, N. P, V. P. Plant-Microbe-Insect Interactions: Concepts and Applications for Agricultural Sustainability. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04805-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Salazar MM, Pupo MT, Brown AMV. Co-Occurrence of Viruses, Plant Pathogens, and Symbionts in an Underexplored Hemipteran Clade. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:715998. [PMID: 34513731 PMCID: PMC8426549 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.715998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between insect symbionts and plant pathogens are dynamic and complex, sometimes involving direct antagonism or synergy and sometimes involving ecological and evolutionary leaps, as insect symbionts transmit through plant tissues or plant pathogens transition to become insect symbionts. Hemipterans such as aphids, whiteflies, psyllids, leafhoppers, and planthoppers are well-studied plant pests that host diverse symbionts and vector plant pathogens. The related hemipteran treehoppers (family Membracidae) are less well-studied but offer a potentially new and diverse array of symbionts and plant pathogenic interactions through their distinct woody plant hosts and ecological interactions with diverse tending hymenopteran taxa. To explore membracid symbiont–pathogen diversity and co-occurrence, this study performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing on 20 samples (16 species) of treehopper, and characterized putative symbionts and pathogens using a combination of rapid blast database searches and phylogenetic analysis of assembled scaffolds and correlation analysis. Among the 8.7 billion base pairs of scaffolds assembled were matches to 9 potential plant pathogens, 12 potential primary and secondary insect endosymbionts, numerous bacteriophages, and other viruses, entomopathogens, and fungi. Notable discoveries include a divergent Brenneria plant pathogen-like organism, several bee-like Bombella and Asaia strains, novel strains of Arsenophonus-like and Sodalis-like symbionts, Ralstonia sp. and Ralstonia-type phages, Serratia sp., and APSE-type phages and bracoviruses. There were several short Phytoplasma and Spiroplasma matches, but there was no indication of plant viruses in these data. Clusters of positively correlated microbes such as yeast-like symbionts and Ralstonia, viruses and Serratia, and APSE phage with parasitoid-type bracoviruses suggest directions for future analyses. Together, results indicate membracids offer a rich palette for future study of symbiont–plant pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKinlee M Salazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Mônica T Pupo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Amanda M V Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Cellini A, Spinelli F, Donati I, Ryu CM, Kloepper JW. Bacterial volatile compound-based tools for crop management and quality. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:968-983. [PMID: 34147324 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria produce a huge diversity of metabolites, many of which mediate ecological relations. Among these, volatile compounds cause broad-range effects at low doses and, therefore, may be exploited for plant defence strategies and agricultural production, but such applications are still in their early development. Here, we review the latest technologies involving the use of bacterial volatile compounds for phytosanitary inspection, biological control, plant growth promotion, and crop quality. We highlight a variety of effects with a potential applicative interest, based on either live biocontrol and/or biostimulant agents, or the isolated metabolites responsible for the interaction with hosts or competitors. Future agricultural technologies may benefit from the development of new analytical tools to understand bacterial interactions with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cellini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Irene Donati
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joseph W Kloepper
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Species-Specific Induction of Plant Volatiles by Two Aphid Species in Apple: Real Time Measurement of Plant Emission and Attraction of Lacewings in the Wind Tunnel. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:653-663. [PMID: 34196858 PMCID: PMC8346424 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Upon damage by herbivores, plants release herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). To find their prey, the pest's natural enemies need to be fine-tuned to the composition of these volatiles. Whereas standard methods can be used in the identification and quantitation of HIPVs, more recently introduced techniques such as PTR-ToF-MS provide temporal patterns of the volatile release and detect additional compounds. In this study, we compared the volatile profile of apple trees infested with two aphid species, the green apple aphid Aphis pomi, and the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea, by CLSA-GC-MS complemented by PTR-ToF-MS. Compounds commonly released in conjunction with both species include nonanal, decanal, methyl salicylate, geranyl acetone, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl butanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl 2-methyl-butanoate, (E)-β-caryophyllene, β-bourbonene and (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate. In addition, benzaldehyde and (E)-β-farnesene were exclusively associated with A. pomi, whereas linalool, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene were exclusively associated with D. plantaginea. PTR-ToF-MS additionally detected acetic acid (AA) and 2-phenylethanol (PET) in the blends of both trees attacked by aphid species. In the wind tunnel, the aphid predator, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), responded strongly to a blend of AA and PET, much stronger than to AA or PET alone. The addition of common and species-specific HIPVs did not increase the response to the binary blend of AA and PET. In our setup, two host-associated volatiles AA + PET appeared sufficient in the attraction of C. carnea. Our results also show the importance of combining complementary methods to decipher the odor profile associated with plants under pest attack and identify behaviourally active components for predators.
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Xu T, Chen L. Chemical communication in ant-hemipteran mutualism: potential implications for ant invasions. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 45:121-129. [PMID: 33901733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ant-hemipteran mutualism is one of the most frequently observed food-for-protection associations in nature, and is recently found to contribute to the invasions of several of the most destructive invasive ants. Chemical communication underlies establishment and maintenance of such associations, in which a multitude of semiochemicals, such as pheromones, cuticular hydrocarbons, honeydew sugars and bacteria-produced honeydew volatiles mediate location, recognition, selection, learning of mutualistic partners. Here, we review what is known about the chemical communication between ants and honeydew-producing hemipterans, and discuss how invasive ants can rapidly recognize and establish a mutualistic relationship with the hemipterans with which they have never coevolved. We also highlight some future directions for a clearer understanding of the chemical communication in ant-hemipteran mutualism and its role in ant invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
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37
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Noman MS, Shi G, Liu LJ, Li ZH. Diversity of bacteria in different life stages and their impact on the development and reproduction of Zeugodacus tau (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:363-376. [PMID: 32091660 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruit flies usually harbor diverse communities of bacteria in their digestive systems, which are known to play a significant role in their fitness. However, little information is available on Zeugodacus tau, a polyphagous pest worldwide. This study reports the first extensive analysis of bacterial communities in different life stages and their effect on the development and reproduction of laboratory-reared Z. tau. Cultured bacteria were identified using the conventional method, and all bacteria were identified by high-throughput technologies (16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of V3-V4 region). A total of six bacterial phyla were identified in larvae, pupae, and male and female adult flies, which were distributed into 14 classes, 32 orders, 58 families and 96 genera. Proteobacteria was the most represented phylum in all the stages except larvae. Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Providencia, and Pseudomonas were identified by conventional and next-generation sequencing analysis in both male and female adult flies, and Enterobacter was found to be the main genus. After being fed with antibiotics from the first instar larvae, bacterial diversity changed markedly in the adult stage. Untreated flies laid eggs and needed 20 days before oviposition while the treated flies showed ovary development inhibited and were not able to lay eggs, probably due to the alteration of the microbiota. These findings provide the cornerstone for unexplored research on bacterial function in Z. tau, which will help to develop an environmentally friendly management technique for this kind of harmful insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shibly Noman
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Shi
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Liu
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Goelen T, Vuts J, Sobhy IS, Wäckers F, Caulfield JC, Birkett MA, Rediers H, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Identification and application of bacterial volatiles to attract a generalist aphid parasitoid: from laboratory to greenhouse assays. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:930-938. [PMID: 32975888 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that microorganisms emit volatile compounds that affect insect behaviour. However, it remains largely unclear whether microbes can be exploited as a source of attractants to improve biological control of insect pests. In this study, we used a combination of coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) and Y-tube olfactometer bioassays to identify attractive compounds in the volatile extracts of three bacterial strains that are associated with the habitat of the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani, and to create mixtures of synthetic compounds to find attractive blends for A. colemani. Subsequently, the most attractive blend was evaluated in two-choice cage experiments under greenhouse conditions. RESULTS GC-EAG analysis revealed 20 compounds that were linked to behaviourally attractive bacterial strains. A mixture of two EAG-active compounds, styrene and benzaldehyde applied at a respective dose of 1 μg and 10 ng, was more attractive than the single compounds or the culture medium of the bacteria in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. Application of this synthetic mixture under greenhouse conditions resulted in significant attraction of the parasitoids, and outperformed application of the bacterial culture medium. CONCLUSION Compounds isolated from bacterial blends were capable of attracting parasitoids both in laboratory and greenhouse assays, indicating that microbial cultures are an effective source of insect attractants. This opens new opportunities to attract and retain natural enemies of pest species and to enhance biological pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Goelen
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Leuven, Belgium
| | - József Vuts
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Islam S Sobhy
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - John C Caulfield
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Hans Rediers
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Leuven, Belgium
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Sharma A, Tomberlin JK, Delclos P, Bala M. Volatile compounds reveal age: a study of volatile organic compounds released by Chrysomya rufifacies immatures. Int J Legal Med 2020; 135:967-977. [PMID: 33230566 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Age determination of insects collected from vertebrate remains is an essential step in estimating time since colonization as related to the post-mortem interval. Long-established methods for making such estimates rely on determining age related to stage of development at the time of collection in relation to conditions experienced. However, such estimates are based on the completion of a stage of development. Methods allowing for more precise estimates of age (i.e., within a stage of development) are sorely needed. This study examined the potential of volatile organic compounds emitted by blow fly, Ch. rufifacies (Macquart), immatures to determine stage of development, which could potentially be used to estimate the age. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the larval and pupal stages of Ch. rufifacies were collected by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analyses indicated 37 compounds shift quantitatively, as well as qualitatively, as the larvae and pupae age. Furthermore, compounds, such as 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, phenol, butanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 2-methyl propanamide, and 2-methyl butanoic acid, serve as indicator compounds of specific stages within Ch. rufifacies development. This information could be important to determine if these compounds can be used in the field to predict the presence of certain developmental stages, in order to determine the potential of using volatile markers to estimate time of colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Sharma
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
| | | | - Pablo Delclos
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Madhu Bala
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
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Riddick EW. Volatile and Non-Volatile Organic Compounds Stimulate Oviposition by Aphidophagous Predators. INSECTS 2020; 11:E683. [PMID: 33050465 PMCID: PMC7599863 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and non-VOCs stimulate oviposition by aphidophagous predators is scattered throughout the literature. The objectives of this review are to (1) compile records indicating that VOCs and non-VOCs are responsible for oviposition stimulation, (2) calculate an egg production ratio (EPR) for stimulated predators, and (3) determine if EPR is correlated with vapor pressure and molecular weight of active compounds. METHODS The USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), National Agricultural Library, online digital catalog system was used to retrieve abstracts, then the full text of manuscripts on oviposition stimulants for predators. Oviposition-stimulating VOCs and non-VOCS were tabulated with molecular weights and vapor pressure estimates. EPRs were calculated for stimulated coccinellids, syrphids, and chrysopids. RESULTS Both VOCs and non-VOCs stimulated oviposition behavior by coccinellids and syrphids, but not chrysopids. EPR was greatest for syrphids. Two VOCs, (E)-β-farnesene and 3-methyl-2-butenal, stimulated very high EPR values by the syrphid Episyrphus balteatus. Regardless of predator taxa, EPR was negatively and positively correlated with molecular weight and vapor pressure, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Syrphids (rather than coccinellids or chrysopids) produce more eggs in response to VOCs. Organic compounds with low-to-moderate molecular weights and moderate-to-high vapor pressures might be most effective oviposition stimulants for aphidophagous predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Riddick
- Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Stoneville, MS 39759, USA
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Naaz N, Choudhary JS, Choudhary A, Dutta A, Das B. Developmental stage-associated microbiota profile of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their functional prediction using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding sequencing. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:390. [PMID: 32832340 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The different developmental stage-associated microbiota of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae), was characterized using 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region) metabarcoding on the Illumina HiSeq platform. Taxonomically, at 97% similarity, there were total 16 bacterial phyla, comprising of 24 classes, 55 orders, 90 families and 134 genera. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla with Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli being the most abundant classes. The bacterial genus Enterobacter was dominant in the larval and adult stages and Pseudomonas in the pupal stage. A total of 2645 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, out of which 151 OTUs (core microbiota) were common among all the developmental stages of B. zonata. The genus Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Pantoea were dominant among the core microbiota. PICURSt analysis predicted that microbiota associated with B. zonata may be involved in membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, replication and repair processes as well as in cellular processes and signalling. The microbiota that was shared by all the developmental stages of B. zonata in the present study could be targeted and the foundation for research on microbiota-based management of fruit flies.
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Zhu J, Zhu K, Li L, Li Z, Qin W, Park Y, He Y. Proteomics of the Honeydew from the Brown Planthopper and Green Rice Leafhopper Reveal They Are Rich in Proteins from Insects, Rice Plant and Bacteria. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090582. [PMID: 32882811 PMCID: PMC7564128 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Honeydew is a watery fluid excreted by plant sap-feeding insects. It is a waste product for the insect hosts. However, it plays important roles for other organisms, such as serving as a nutritional source for beneficial insects and bacteria, as well as elicitors and effectors modulating plant responses. In this study, shotgun LC-MS/MS analyses were used to identify the proteins in the honeydew from two important rice hemipteran pests, the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps, GRH). A total of 277 and 210 proteins annotated to insect proteins were identified in the BPH and GRH honeydews, respectively. These included saliva proteins that may have similar functions as the saliva proteins, such as calcium-binding proteins and apolipophorin, involved in rice plant defenses. Additionally, a total of 52 and 32 Oryza proteins were identified in the BPH and GRH honeydews, respectively, some of which are involved in the plant immune system, such as Pathogen-Related Protein 10, ascorbate peroxidase, thioredoxin and glutaredoxin. Coincidently, 570 and 494 bacteria proteins were identified from the BPH and GRH honeydews, respectively, which included several well-known proteins involved in the plant immune system: elongation factor Tu, flagellin, GroEL and cold-shock proteins. The results of our study indicate that the insect honeydew is a complex fluid cocktail that contains abundant proteins from insects, plants and microbes, which may be involved in the multitrophic interactions of plants-insects-microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
| | - Kunmiao Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
| | - Liang Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
| | - Zengxin Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13554408979
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Cavichiolli de Oliveira N, Cônsoli FL. Beyond host regulation: Changes in gut microbiome of permissive and non-permissive hosts following parasitization by the wasp Cotesia flavipes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5682488. [PMID: 31860060 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Koinobiont parasitoids regulate the physiology of their hosts, possibly interfering with the host gut microbiota and ultimately impacting parasitoid development. We used the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes to investigate if the regulation of the host would also affect the host gut microbiota. We also wondered if the effects of parasitization on the gut microbiota would depend on the host-parasitoid association by testing the permissive Diatraea saccharalis and the non-permissive Spodoptera frugiperda hosts. We determined the structure and potential functional contribution of the gut microbiota of the fore-midgut and hindgut of the hosts at different stages of development of the immature parasitoid. The abundance and diversity of operational taxonomic units of the anteromedial (fore-midgut) gut and posterior (hindgut) region from larvae of the analyzed hosts were affected by parasitization. Changes in the gut microbiota induced by parasitization altered the potential functional contribution of the gut microbiota associated with both hosts. Our data also indicated that the mechanism by which C. flavipes interferes with the gut microbiota of the host does not require a host-parasitoid coevolutionary history. Changes observed in the potential contribution of the gut microbiota of parasitized hosts impact the host's nutritional quality, and could favor host exploitation by C. flavipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Cavichiolli de Oliveira
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luís Cônsoli
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pyszko P, Višňovská D, Drgová M, Šigut M, Drozd P. Effect of Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota Removal on the Survival and Development of Bryophagous Beetles. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:902-911. [PMID: 32514554 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect microbiota may play a wide range of roles in host physiology. Among others, microbiota can be involved in diet processing or protection against pathogens, both of which are potentially important in bryophagous (moss-feeding) insects, which survive on extreme diets and live in the stable environment of moss clumps suitable for the growth of fungi and bacteria. We treated Cytilus sericeus (Forster, 1771) (Coleoptera: Byrrhidae) as a model organism with bactericides and fungicides to test the effect of bacterial and fungal removal on egg hatching and larval development. Furthermore, we supplied larvae with adult feces to determine whether feces is a source of beneficial microbiota or pathogens. Bactericides had a positive effect, but fungicides had a negative effect on beetle fitness, both of which manifested during egg hatching. The feces did not play a positive role. Our conclusions indicate the presence of beneficial fungal microbiota associated with eggs but not transmitted through feces. Based on preliminary cultivation and fungicide tests, Fusarium or Penicillium may be important for suppressing pathogens, but their exact role needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pyszko
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Višňovská
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Drgová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šigut
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drozd
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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From Diverse Origins to Specific Targets: Role of Microorganisms in Indirect Pest Biological Control. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080533. [PMID: 32823898 PMCID: PMC7469166 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Integrated pest management (IPM) is today a widely accepted pest management strategy to select and use the most efficient control tactics and at the same time reduce over-dependence on chemical insecticides and their potentially negative environmental effects. One of the main pillars of IPM is biological control. While biological control programs of pest insects commonly rely on natural enemies such as predatory insects, parasitoids and microbial pathogens, there is increasing evidence that plant, soil and insect microbiomes can also be exploited to enhance plant defense against herbivores. In this mini-review, we illustrate how microorganisms from diverse origins can contribute to plant fitness, functional traits and indirect defense responses against pest insects, and therefore be indirectly used to improve biological pest control practices. Microorganisms in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere have not only been shown to enhance plant growth and plant strength, but also promote plant defense against herbivores both above- and belowground by providing feeding deterrence or antibiosis. Also, herbivore associated molecular patterns may be induced by microorganisms that come from oral phytophagous insect secretions and elicit plant-specific responses to herbivore attacks. Furthermore, microorganisms that inhabit floral nectar and insect honeydew produce volatile organic compounds that attract beneficial insects like natural enemies, thereby providing indirect pest control. Given the multiple benefits of microorganisms to plants, we argue that future IPMs should consider and exploit the whole range of possibilities that microorganisms offer to enhance plant defense and increase attraction, fecundity and performance of natural enemies.
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Morrow JL, Om N, Beattie GAC, Chambers GA, Donovan NJ, Liefting LW, Riegler M, Holford P. Characterization of the bacterial communities of psyllids associated with Rutaceae in Bhutan by high throughput sequencing. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:215. [PMID: 32689950 PMCID: PMC7370496 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several plant-pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by insect vector species that often also act as hosts. In this interface, these bacteria encounter plant endophytic, insect endosymbiotic and other microbes. Here, we used high throughput sequencing to examine the bacterial communities of five different psyllids associated with citrus and related plants of Rutaceae in Bhutan: Diaphorina citri, Diaphorina communis, Cornopsylla rotundiconis, Cacopsylla heterogena and an unidentified Cacopsylla sp. Results The microbiomes of the psyllids largely comprised their obligate P-endosymbiont ‘Candidatus Carsonella ruddii’, and one or two S-endosymbionts that are fixed and specific to each lineage. In addition, all contained Wolbachia strains; the Bhutanese accessions of D. citri were dominated by a Wolbachia strain first found in American isolates of D. citri, while D. communis accessions were dominated by the Wolbachia strain, wDi, first detected in D. citri from China. The S-endosymbionts from the five psyllids grouped with those from other psyllid taxa; all D. citri and D. communis individuals contained sequences matching ‘Candidatus Profftella armatura’ that has previously only been reported from other Diaphorina species, and the remaining psyllid species contained OTUs related to unclassified Enterobacteriaceae. The plant pathogenic ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ was found in D. citri but not in D. communis. Furthermore, an unidentified ‘Candidatus Liberibacter sp.’ occurred at low abundance in both Co. rotundiconis and the unidentified Cacopsylla sp. sampled from Zanthoxylum sp.; the status of this new liberibacter as a plant pathogen and its potential plant hosts are currently unknown. The bacterial communities of Co. rotundiconis also contained a range of OTUs with similarities to bacteria previously found in samples taken from various environmental sources. Conclusions The bacterial microbiota detected in these Bhutanese psyllids support the trends that have been seen in previous studies: psyllids have microbiomes largely comprising their obligate P-endosymbiont and one or two S-endosymbionts. In addition, the association with plant pathogens has been demonstrated, with the detection of liberibacters in a known host, D. citri, and identification of a putative new species of liberibacter in Co. rotundiconis and Cacopsylla sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Morrow
- Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2752, Australia
| | - Namgay Om
- Western Sydney University, School of Science, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2752, Australia.,National Plant Protection Centre, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture & Forests, P.O. Box 670, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - George A C Beattie
- Western Sydney University, School of Science, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2752, Australia
| | - Grant A Chambers
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Nerida J Donovan
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Lia W Liefting
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland, 1140, New Zealand
| | - Markus Riegler
- Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2752, Australia
| | - Paul Holford
- Western Sydney University, School of Science, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2752, Australia.
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Depa Ł, Kaszyca‐Taszakowska N, Taszakowski A, Kanturski M. Ant‐induced evolutionary patterns in aphids. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1574-1589. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Depa
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Silesia in Katowice Bankowa 9 40‐007 Katowice Poland
| | - Natalia Kaszyca‐Taszakowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Silesia in Katowice Bankowa 9 40‐007 Katowice Poland
| | - Artur Taszakowski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Silesia in Katowice Bankowa 9 40‐007 Katowice Poland
| | - Mariusz Kanturski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Silesia in Katowice Bankowa 9 40‐007 Katowice Poland
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Mülner P, Schwarz E, Dietel K, Junge H, Herfort S, Weydmann M, Lasch P, Cernava T, Berg G, Vater J. Profiling for Bioactive Peptides and Volatiles of Plant Growth Promoting Strains of the Bacillus subtilis Complex of Industrial Relevance. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1432. [PMID: 32695084 PMCID: PMC7338577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria attain increasing importance in agriculture as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents. These properties significantly depend on the formation of bioactive compounds produced by such organisms. In our work we investigated the biosynthetic potential of 13 industrially important strains of the Bacillus subtilis complex by mass spectrometric methodology. Typing of these organisms was performed with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry followed by comprehensive profiling of their bioactive peptide products. Volatiles were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Representative products of the members of the B. subtilis complex investigated in detail were: the surfactin familiy (surfactins, lichenysins, pumilacidins); the iturin family (iturins, mycosubtilins and bacillomycins); plantazolicin and the dual lantibiotics lichenicidins, as well as a wide spectrum of volatiles, such as hydrocarbons (alkanes/alkenes), alcohols, ketones, sulfur-containing compounds and pyrazines. The subcomplexes of the B. subtilis organizational unit; (a) B. subtilis/Bacillus atrophaeus; (b) B. amyloliquefaciens/B. velezensis; (c) B. licheniformis, and (d) B. pumilus are equipped with specific sets of these compounds which are the basis for the evaluation of their biotechnological and agricultural usage. The 13 test strains were evaluated in field trials for growth promotion of potato and maize plants. All of the implemented strains showed efficient growth stimulation of these plants. The highest effects were obtained with B. velezensis, B. subtilis, and B. atrophaeus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Mülner
- ABiTEP GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Stefanie Herfort
- ZBS6: Proteomics and Spectroscopy, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Weydmann
- ZBS6: Proteomics and Spectroscopy, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Lasch
- ZBS6: Proteomics and Spectroscopy, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Joachim Vater
- ABiTEP GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- ZBS6: Proteomics and Spectroscopy, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
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Goelen T, Sobhy IS, Vanderaa C, Wäckers F, Rediers H, Wenseleers T, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Bacterial phylogeny predicts volatile organic compound composition and olfactory response of an aphid parasitoid. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Goelen
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Dept of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven BE‐3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Islam S. Sobhy
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Dept of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven BE‐3001 Leuven Belgium
- Dept of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal Univ. Ismailia Egypt
| | - Christophe Vanderaa
- Laboratory of Socio‐Ecology & Social Evolution, Biology Dept, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium, and: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster Univ. Lancaster UK
| | - Hans Rediers
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Dept of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven BE‐3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Tom Wenseleers
- Laboratory of Socio‐Ecology & Social Evolution, Biology Dept, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Dept, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Dept of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven BE‐3001 Leuven Belgium
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Zhan Y, Tian H, Ji X, Liu Y. Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) infestation increases the risk of bacterial contamination and alters nutritional content in storage Chinese cabbage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3007-3012. [PMID: 32052457 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphids are common insect pests that feed on and excrete feces/honeydew on storage vegetables, especially in the temperate region of the northern hemisphere. The honeydew of aphids is an excellent growth medium for microorganisms. To explore the effects of aphid infestation on the risk of microbial contamination and food safety: (i) the bacterial diversity and community in aphid honeydew were investigated; (ii) the nutritional components of the cabbage were analyzed; and (iii) safety was evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that the dominant bacteria in storage Chinese cabbage under different exposure times belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria, family Enterobacteriaceae. The richness of Enterobacteriaceae increased from 36.35% (1 day) to 39.70% (5 days) and to 50.74% (10 days) as the exposure time increased. Serratia was the genus with the highest abundance (23.38% for 1 day, 30.56% for 5 days and 37.85% for 10 days). The abundance of pathways associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection and Shigellosis increased significantly after prolonged storage. In addition, when the aphid density increased from 0 to 100 per 250 g of Chinese cabbage leaves, the protein content in Chinese cabbage decreased significantly, whereas the reducing sugar content increased significantly. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the honeydew excreted by the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on storage Chinese cabbage can serve as a medium for some foodborne disease pathogens. The present study may provide both a theoretical and practical basis for vegetable storage to reduce the risk of foodborne pathogen infection and to maintain the balance of nutrients. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Zhan
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Haohong Tian
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xianglong Ji
- Green Food Development Centre of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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