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Yan J, Tan X. Comprehensive analysis of gene signatures associated with aging in human aortic dissection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31298. [PMID: 38828294 PMCID: PMC11140614 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic dissection (AD) is a lethal aortic disease with limited effective therapeutic strategies. Aging increases the risk of AD, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to analyze the association of aging-related genes (Args) and AD using bioinformatic analysis. This helps provide novel insights into AD pathogenesis and contributes to developing novel therapeutic strategies. Methods mRNA (GSE52093, GSE153434), miRNA (GSE98770) and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq, GSE213740) datasets of AD were downloaded from GEO database. Args were downloaded from Aging Atlas database. Differentially-expressed Args were determined by intersecting Args and differentially-expressed mRNAs of two mRNA datasets. Cytoscape was used to identify hub genes and construct hub gene regulatory networks related to miRNAs. Seurat and clusterProfiler R package were used for investigating expression patterns of hub genes at single-cell level, and functional analysis, respectively. To validate the cellular expression pattern of hub genes, the same analysis was applied to our own scRNA-seq data. Drugs targeting hub Args were determined using the DGIdb database. Results HGF, CXCL8, SERPINE1, HIF1A, TIMP1, ESR1 and PLAUR were identified as aging-related hub genes in AD. miR-221-3p was predicted to interact with ESR1. A decreased ESR1 expression in smooth muscle cell subpopulation 4 (SMC4) was observed in AD versus normal aortic tissues, which was validated by sequencing 197,605 aortic cells from 13 AD patients. Additionally, upregulated genes of SMC4 in AD tissues were enriched in the "cellular senescence" pathway. These data indicated that decreased ESR1 might promote SMC4 aging during AD formation. Eleven existing drugs targeting hub genes were identified, including ruxolitinib and filgrastim, which are associated with AD. Conclusions By sequencing transcriptomic data, this study revealed aging-related hub genes and regulatory network involved in AD formation. Additionally, this study proposed a noteworthy hypothesis that downregulated ESR1 may exacerbate AD by promoting SMC aging, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
- Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
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2
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Zou J, Zheng Z, Ye W, Jin M, Yang P, Little PJ, Wang J, Liu Z. Targeting the smooth muscle cell KEAP1-Nrf2-STING axis with pterostilbene attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155696. [PMID: 38763007 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening aortic disease, and to date, there are currently no effective pharmacological treatments to address this condition. Activation of cytosolic DNA sensing adaptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling is a crucial mechanism in AAA formation. PURPOSE This study investigated pterostilbene (Pt), a naturally occurring polyphenol and resveratrol analogue, as a STING inhibitor for preventing AAA. METHODS We evaluated the effect of Pt on AAA formation in angiotensin II (AngII)-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. We used histological analysis, MMP activity measurement, western blot, and immunohistochemistry to detect AAA formation and development. We applied RNA sequencing, molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and functional studies to dissect the molecular mechanism of Pt-regulating KEAP1-Nrf2-STING signaling. We conditionally knocked down Nrf2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vivo to investigate its role in Pt-mediated protective effects on AAA. RESULTS Pt effectively blocked the formation of AAA in AngII-infused ApoE-/- mice. Whole transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and STING pathway in VSMCs were linked to the anti-AAA effects of pterostilbene. Mechanistically, Pt upregulated Nrf2 target genes (e.g., HO-1 and NQO1) through activation of the KEAP1/Nrf2 signaling, which restricted the immunostimulatory axis of mtDNA-STING-TBK1-NF-κB, thereby alleviating VSMC inflammation and preserving the VSMC contractile phenotype. Subsequently, molecular docking and CETSA revealed a binding mode between Pt and KEAP1/Nrf2. Intriguingly, the inhibitory effect of Pt on STING signaling and the protective role of Pt in AAA were largely abrogated by VSMC-specific Nrf2 knockdown in mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, naturally derived Pt shows promising efficacy for the treatment of AAA by targeting the KEAP1-Nrf2-STING axis in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiami Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weile Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pinglian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Zhiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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3
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Veeravalli KK. Implications of MMP-12 in the pathophysiology of ischaemic stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024; 9:97-107. [PMID: 37336584 PMCID: PMC11103161 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on the emerging role of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) in ischaemic stroke (IS). MMP-12 expression in the brain increases dramatically in animal models of IS, and its suppression reduces brain damage and promotes neurological, sensorimotor and cognitive functional outcomes. Thus, MMP-12 could represent a potential target for the management of IS. This article provides an overview of MMP-12 upregulation in the brain following IS, its deleterious role in the post-stroke pathogenesis (blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammation, apoptosis and demyelination), possible molecular interactions and mechanistic insights, its involvement in post-ischaemic functional deficits and recovery as well as the limitations, perspectives, challenges and future directions for further research. Prior to testing any MMP-12-targeted therapy in patients with acute IS, additional research is needed to establish the effectiveness of MMP-12 suppression against IS in older animals and in animals with comorbidities. This article also examines the clinical implications of suppressing MMP-12 alone or in combination with MMP-9 for extending the currently limited tissue plasminogen activator therapy time window. Targeting of MMP-12 is expected to have a profound influence on the therapeutic management of IS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Veeravalli
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
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4
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Challa SR, Nalamolu KR, Fornal CA, Baker IM, Mohandass A, Mada SR, Wang BC, Pinson DM, Lahoti S, Klopfenstein JD, Veeravalli KK. The paradox of tPA in ischemic stroke: tPA knockdown following recanalization improves functional and histological outcomes. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114727. [PMID: 38360257 PMCID: PMC10986679 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is upregulated in the brain after an acute ischemic stroke (AIS). While mixed results were observed in genetic models, the pharmacological inhibition of endogenous tPA showed beneficial effects. Treatment with exogenous recombinant tPA exacerbated brain damage in rodent models of stroke. Despite the detrimental effects of tPA in ischemic stroke, recombinant tPA is administered to AIS patients to recanalize the occluded blood vessels because the benefits of its administration outweigh the risks associated with tPA upregulation and increased activity. We hypothesized that tPA knockdown following recanalization would ameliorate sensorimotor deficits and reduce brain injury. Young male and female rats (2-3 months old) were subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. Shortly after reperfusion, rats from appropriate cohorts were administered a nanoparticle formulation containing tPA shRNA or control shRNA plasmids (1 mg/kg) intravenously via the tail vein. Infarct volume during acute and chronic phases, expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1, 3, and 9, enlargement of cerebral ventricle volume, and white matter damage were all reduced by shRNA-mediated gene silencing of tPA following reperfusion. Additionally, recovery of somatosensory and motor functions was improved. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that reducing endogenous tPA following recanalization improves functional outcomes and reduces post-stroke brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, AP, India
| | - Koteswara Rao Nalamolu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Casimir A Fornal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Isidra M Baker
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Adithya Mohandass
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Sahil Reddy Mada
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Billy C Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - David M Pinson
- Department of Health Sciences Education and Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Sourabh Lahoti
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Illinois Neurological Institute, OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klopfenstein
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Illinois Neurological Institute, OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Krishna Kumar Veeravalli
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.
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5
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Gomari MM, Arab SS, Balalaie S, Ramezanpour S, Hosseini A, Dokholyan NV, Tarighi P. Rational peptide design for targeting cancer cell invasion. Proteins 2024; 92:76-95. [PMID: 37646459 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell invasion is an important process in cancer progression and recurrence. Invasion and implantation of cancer cells from their original place to other tissues, by disabling vital organs, challenges the treatment of cancer patients. Given the importance of the matter, many molecular treatments have been developed to inhibit cancer cell invasion. Because of their low production cost and ease of production, peptides are valuable therapeutic molecules for inhibiting cancer cell invasion. In recent years, advances in the field of computational biology have facilitated the design of anti-cancer peptides. In our investigation, using computational biology approaches such as evolutionary analysis, residue scanning, protein-peptide interaction analysis, molecular dynamics, and free energy analysis, our team designed a peptide library with about 100 000 candidates based on A6 (acetyl-KPSSPPEE-amino) sequence which is an anti-invasion peptide. During computational studies, two of the designed peptides that give the highest scores and showed the greatest sequence similarity to A6 were entered into the experimental analysis workflow for further analysis. In experimental analysis steps, the anti-metastatic potency and other therapeutic effects of designed peptides were evaluated using MTT assay, RT-qPCR, zymography analysis, and invasion assay. Our study disclosed that the IK1 (acetyl-RPSFPPEE-amino) peptide, like A6, has great potency to inhibit the invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmoudi Gomari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sorour Ramezanpour
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshad Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Parastoo Tarighi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Kim BY, Son Y, Kim BJ, Chung SW, Lee D, Eo SK, Kim K. Atheroma-Relevant 7-Oxysterols Differentially Upregulate Cd14 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10542. [PMID: 37445719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of CD14 in monocytic cells is elevated in atherosclerotic lesions where 7-oxyterols are abundant. However, it remains unknown whether atheroma-relevant 7-oxysterols are involved in receptor expression. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7αOHChol), 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7βOHChol), and 7-ketocholesterol (7K) on CD14 levels in THP-1 cells. The three 7-oxysterols increased CD14 transcript levels at a distinct time point, elevated cellular CD14 protein levels, and promoted the release of soluble CD (sCD14) from THP-1 cells. Our data revealed that CD14 expression was most strongly induced after treatment with 7αOHChol. Moreover, 7αOHChol alone upregulated membrane-bound CD14 levels and enhanced responses to lipopolysaccharides, as determined by CCL2 production and monocytic cell migration. The 7-oxysterols also increased the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9, and a cell-permeable, reversible MMP-9 inhibitor, MMP-9 inhibitor I, significantly impaired sCD14 release. These results indicate that 7-oxysterols differentially induce CD14 expression in vascular cells and contribute to the monocytic cell expression of CD14 via overlapping, but distinct, mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghae Son
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Kim
- Kim Byoung Joon Ledas Varicose Vein Clinic, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47256, Republic of Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Chung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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7
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Distinguishing Plasmin-Generating Microvesicles: Tiny Messengers Involved in Fibrinolysis and Proteolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021571. [PMID: 36675082 PMCID: PMC9860915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of stressors and inflammatory mediators (cytokines, proteases, oxidative stress mediators) released during inflammation or ischemia stimulate and activate cells in blood, the vessel wall or tissues. The most well-known functional and phenotypic responses of activated cells are (1) the immediate expression and/or release of stored or newly synthesized bioactive molecules, and (2) membrane blebbing followed by release of microvesicles. An ultimate response, namely the formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils (NETs), is outside the scope of this work. The main objective of this article is to provide an overview on the mechanism of plasminogen reception and activation at the surface of cell-derived microvesicles, new actors in fibrinolysis and proteolysis. The role of microvesicle-bound plasmin in pathological settings involving inflammation, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, and tumour growth, remains to be investigated. Further studies are necessary to determine if profibrinolytic microvesicles are involved in a finely regulated equilibrium with pro-coagulant microvesicles, which ensures a balanced haemostasis, leading to the maintenance of vascular patency.
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8
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LOX-1 deficiency increases ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm via thinning of adventitial collagen. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:63-74. [PMID: 36385349 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a key mediator of inflammation and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Conversely, LOX-1 deficiency has been shown to decrease inflammation and atherosclerosis, both of which have been proposed to contribute to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis. However, the role of LOX-1 in AAA pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of Olr1 (which encodes LOX-1) deletion on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAA in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice to determine whether LOX-1 deficiency mitigates AAA development. To accomplish this, we used serial, non-invasive ultrasound assessment, which revealed that the incidence and expansion rate of AAA were similar regardless of Olr1 deletion. However, Olr1 deletion significantly increased severe AAAs, including ruptured AAAs resulting in death. Oil Red O staining of the harvested aortas showed that the extent of atheroma burden localized in aneurysmal lesions did not differ between LOX-1-deficient and control mice, suggesting that Olr1 deletion did not decrease atheroma burden in the aneurysmal wall. Further histopathological analysis revealed that aneurysmal lesions in LOX-1-deficient mice had fewer fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, as well as thinner adventitial collagen, although the degree of elastin fragmentation or disruption was similar between LOX-1-deficient and control mice. An in vitro study confirmed that the proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts collected from LOX-1-deficient mice was significantly attenuated despite Ang II stimulation. In conclusion, Olr1 deletion may not mitigate aneurysm development but rather increases the vulnerability of rupture by suppressing adventitial fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis.
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Challa SR, Nalamolu KR, Fornal CA, Mohandass A, Mussman JP, Schaibley C, Kashyap A, Sama V, Wang BC, Klopfenstein JD, Pinson DM, Kunamneni A, Veeravalli KK. The interplay between MMP-12 and t-PA in the brain after ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2022; 161:105436. [PMID: 36283468 PMCID: PMC9898869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) expression is known to increase following transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Previously, we reported downregulation of t-PA upon suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), following transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. We now present data on the temporal expression of t-PA in the brain after transient ischemia, as well as the interaction between MMP-12 and t-PA, two proteases associated with the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and ischemic brain damage. We hypothesized that there might be reciprocal interactions between MMP-12 and t-PA in the brain after ischemic stroke. This hypothesis was tested using shRNA-mediated gene silencing and computational modeling. Suppression of t-PA following transient ischemia and reperfusion in rats attenuated MMP-12 expression in the brain. The overall effect of t-PA shRNA administration was to attenuate the degradation of BBB tight junction protein claudin-5, diminish BBB disruption, and reduce neuroinflammation by decreasing the expression of the microglia/macrophage pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype (CD68, iNOS, IL-1β, and TNFα). Reduced BBB disruption and subsequent lack of infiltration of macrophages (the main source of MMP-12 in the ischemic brain) could account for the decrease in MMP-12 expression after t-PA suppression. Computational modeling of in silico protein-protein interactions indicated that MMP-12 and t-PA may interact physically. Overall, our findings demonstrate that MMP-12 and t-PA interact directly or indirectly at multiple levels in the brain following an ischemic stroke. The present findings could be useful in the development of new pharmacotherapies for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Koteswara Rao Nalamolu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Casimir A Fornal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Adithya Mohandass
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Justin P Mussman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Claire Schaibley
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Aanan Kashyap
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Vinay Sama
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Billy C Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Children's Hospital of Illinois, OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klopfenstein
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Illinois Neurological Institute, OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - David M Pinson
- Department of Health Sciences Education and Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | | | - Krishna Kumar Veeravalli
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.
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10
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Altered Extracellular Matrix as an Alternative Risk Factor for Epileptogenicity in Brain Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102475. [PMID: 36289737 PMCID: PMC9599244 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are one of the most common symptoms of brain tumors. The incidence of seizures differs among brain tumor type, grade, location and size, but paediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas/glioneuronal tumors are often highly epileptogenic. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to play a role in epileptogenesis and tumorigenesis because it is involved in the (re)modelling of neuronal connections and cell-cell signaling. In this review, we discuss the epileptogenicity of brain tumors with a focus on tumor type, location, genetics and the role of the extracellular matrix. In addition to functional problems, epileptogenic tumors can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, stigmatization and life-long care. The health advantages can be major if the epileptogenic properties of brain tumors are better understood. Surgical resection is the most common treatment of epilepsy-associated tumors, but post-surgery seizure-freedom is not always achieved. Therefore, we also discuss potential novel therapies aiming to restore ECM function.
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11
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Mustafa S, Koran S, AlOmair L. Insights Into the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cancer and its Various Therapeutic Aspects: A Review. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:896099. [PMID: 36250005 PMCID: PMC9557123 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.896099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that regulate the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Gross and La Piere discovered MMPs in 1962 during an experiment on tissue samples from a tadpole’s tail. Several subtypes of MMPs have been identified, depending on their substrate specificity and localization. MMPs are involved as essential molecules in multiple and diverse physiological processes, such as reproduction, embryonic development, bone remodeling, tissue repair, and regulation of inflammatory processes. Its activity is controlled at various levels such as at transcription level, pro-peptide activation level and by the activity of a family of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase, endogenous inhibitors of MMPs. Cancer metastasis, which is the spread of a tumor to a distant site, is a complex process that is responsible for the majority of cancer-related death It is considered to be an indicator of cancer metastasis. During metastasis, the tumor cells have to invade the blood vessel and degrade the ECM to make a path to new loci in distant places. The degradation of blood vessels and ECM is mediated through the activity of MMPs. Hence, the MMP activity is critical to determining the metastatic potential of a cancer cell. Evasion of apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer that are found to be correlated with the expression of MMPs. As a result, given the importance of MMPs in cancer, we describe the role of these multifunctional enzymes MMPs in various aspects of cancer formation and their rising possibilities as a novel therapeutic target in this review. There is also a brief discussion of various types of therapeutic components and drugs that function against MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeena Mustafa
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sabeena Mustafa,
| | - Sheeja Koran
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (RCC), Medical College, Thiruvanananthapuram, India
| | - Lamya AlOmair
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Chen Y, Xu X, Wang L, Li K, Sun Y, Xiao L, Dai J, Huang M, Wang Y, Wang DW. Genetic insights into therapeutic targets for aortic aneurysms: A Mendelian randomization study. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104199. [PMID: 35952493 PMCID: PMC9385553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As aortic aneurysms (AAs) enlarge, they can become life-threatening if left undiagnosed or neglected. At present, there is a lack of radical treatments for preventing disease progression. Therefore, we aimed to identify effective drug targets that slow the progression of AAs. METHODS A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to identify therapeutic targets which are associated with AAs. Summary statistics for AAs were obtained from two datasets: the UK Biobank (2228 cases and 408,565 controls) and the FinnGen study (3658 cases and 244,907 controls). Cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) for druggable genes were retrieved from the eQTLGen Consortium and used as genetic instrumental variables. Colocalization analysis was performed to determine the probability that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AAs and eQTL shared causal genetic variants. FINDINGS Four drug targets (BTN3A1, FASN, PLAU, and PSMA4) showed significant MR results in two independent datasets. Proteasome 20S subunit alpha 4 (PSMA4) and plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU) in particular, were found to have strong evidence for colocalization with AAs, and abdominal aortic aneurysm in particular. Additionally, except for the association between PSMA4 and intracranial aneurysms, no association between genetically proxied inhibition of PLAU and PSMA4 was detected in increasing the risk of other cardiometabolic risks and diseases. INTERPRETATION This study supports that drug-targeting PLAU and PSMA4 inhibition may reduce the risk of AAs. FUNDING This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (NO. 2017YFC0909400), Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 91839302, 81790624), Project supported by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2017SHZDZX01), and Tongji Hospital Clinical Research Flagship Program (no. 2019CR207).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Man Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China; Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China.
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13
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Pryzdial ELG, Leatherdale A, Conway EM. Coagulation and complement: Key innate defense participants in a seamless web. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918775. [PMID: 36016942 PMCID: PMC9398469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1969, Dr. Oscar Ratnoff, a pioneer in delineating the mechanisms by which coagulation is activated and complement is regulated, wrote, “In the study of biological processes, the accumulation of information is often accelerated by a narrow point of view. The fastest way to investigate the body’s defenses against injury is to look individually at such isolated questions as how the blood clots or how complement works. We must constantly remind ourselves that such distinctions are man-made. In life, as in the legal cliché, the devices through which the body protects itself form a seamless web, unwrinkled by our artificialities.” Our aim in this review, is to highlight the critical molecular and cellular interactions between coagulation and complement, and how these two major component proteolytic pathways contribute to the seamless web of innate mechanisms that the body uses to protect itself from injury, invading pathogens and foreign surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L. G. Pryzdial
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Edward L. G. Pryzdial, ; Edward M. Conway,
| | - Alexander Leatherdale
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edward M. Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Edward L. G. Pryzdial, ; Edward M. Conway,
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14
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Li Z, Cong X, Kong W. Matricellular proteins: Potential biomarkers and mechanistic factors in aortic aneurysms. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 169:41-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Mehner C, Hockla A, Coban M, Madden B, Estrada R, Radisky DC, Radisky ES. Activity-based protein profiling reveals active serine proteases that drive malignancy of human ovarian clear cell carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102146. [PMID: 35716777 PMCID: PMC9304776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is an understudied poor prognosis subtype of ovarian cancer lacking in effective targeted therapies. Efforts to define molecular drivers of OCCC malignancy may lead to new therapeutic targets and approaches. Among potential targets are secreted proteases, enzymes which in many cancers serve as key drivers of malignant progression. Here, we found that inhibitors of trypsin-like serine proteases suppressed malignant phenotypes of OCCC cell lines. To identify the proteases responsible for malignancy in OCCC, we employed activity-based protein profiling to directly analyze enzyme activity. We developed an activity-based probe featuring an arginine diphenylphosphonate warhead to detect active serine proteases of trypsin-like specificity and a biotin handle to facilitate affinity purification of labeled proteases. Using this probe, we identified active trypsin-like serine proteases within the complex proteomes secreted by OCCC cell lines, including two proteases in common, tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Further interrogation of these proteases showed that both were involved in cancer cell invasion and proliferation of OCCC cells and were also detected in in vivo models of OCCC. We conclude the detection of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator as catalytically active proteases and significant drivers of the malignant phenotype may point to these enzymes as targets for new therapeutic strategies in OCCC. Our activity-based probe and profiling methodology will also serve as a valuable tool for detection of active trypsin-like serine proteases in models of other cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mehner
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandra Hockla
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Mathew Coban
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin Madden
- Medical Genome Facility Proteomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Derek C. Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Evette S. Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA,For correspondence: Evette S. Radisky
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16
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Gucciardo F, Pirson S, Baudin L, Lebeau A, Noël A. uPARAP/Endo180: a multifaceted protein of mesenchymal cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:255. [PMID: 35460056 PMCID: PMC9033714 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein (uPARAP/Endo180) is already known to be a key collagen receptor involved in collagen internalization and degradation in mesenchymal cells and some macrophages. It is one of the four members of the mannose receptor family along with a macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), a phospholipase lipase receptor (PLA2R), and a dendritic receptor (DEC-205). As a clathrin-dependent endocytic receptor for collagen or large collagen fragments as well as through its association with urokinase (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), uPARAP/Endo180 takes part in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, cell chemotaxis and migration under physiological (tissue homeostasis and repair) and pathological (fibrosis, cancer) conditions. Recent advances that have shown an expanded contribution of this multifunctional protein across a broader range of biological processes, including vascular biology and innate immunity, are summarized in this paper. It has previously been demonstrated that uPARAP/Endo180 assists in lymphangiogenesis through its capacity to regulate the heterodimerization of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3). Moreover, recent findings have demonstrated that it is also involved in the clearance of collectins and the regulation of the immune system, something which is currently being studied as a biomarker and a therapeutic target in a number of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gucciardo
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Pirson
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Louis Baudin
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alizée Lebeau
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liege, Belgium.
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17
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Demirel E, Sabouni R, Chandra N, Slayden OD, Archer DF. The Plasminogen Activator System, Glucocorticoid, and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in the Primate Endometrium During Artificial Menstrual Cycles. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:1001-1019. [PMID: 34796470 PMCID: PMC8863636 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As a key mechanism in fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling, the plasminogen activator system has been suggested in the process of endometrial shedding and tissue remodeling. Previous studies have explored the role of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors as well as elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in shaping the morphology of the endometrium. This study investigates the distribution and concentrations of the mineralocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 within the endometrial stroma, glandular, and endothelial cells of the primate endometrium during artificial menstrual cycles. Our immunohistochemistry quantification shows mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors are ubiquitously distributed within the macaque endometrium with their patterns of expression following similar fluctuations to urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators particularly within the endometrial vasculature. These proteins are present in endometrial vasculature in high levels during the proliferative phase, decreasing levels during the secretory phase followed by rising levels in the menstrual phase. These similarities could suggest overlapping pathways and interactions between the plasminogen activator system and the steroid receptors within the endometrium. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids and the role of plasminogen activators in endometrial breakdown, the glucocorticoid receptor may be contributing to stabilizing the endometrium by regulating plasminogen activators during the proliferative phase and menstruation. Furthermore, given the anti-mineralocorticoid properties of certain anti-androgenic progestins and their reduced unscheduled uterine bleeding patterns, the mineralocorticoid receptor may be involved in unscheduled endometrial bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Demirel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, 300 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Reem Sabouni
- The Clinical Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Neelima Chandra
- The Clinical Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Ov D Slayden
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - David F Archer
- The Clinical Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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18
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Skotsimara G, Antonopoulos A, Oikonomou E, Papastamos C, Siasos G, Tousoulis D. Aortic Wall Inflammation in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms. Inflammation 2022; 45:965-976. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Rasmussen LJH, Petersen JEV, Eugen-Olsen J. Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) as a Biomarker of Systemic Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:780641. [PMID: 34925360 PMCID: PMC8674945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) is persistent, health-damaging, low-grade inflammation that plays a major role in immunosenescence and in development and progression of many diseases. But currently, there are no recognized standard biomarkers to assess SCI levels alone, and SCI is typically measured by combining biomarkers of acute inflammation and infection, e.g., CRP, IL-6, and TNFα. In this review, we highlight 10 properties and characteristics that are shared by the blood protein soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and SCI, supporting the argument that suPAR is a biomarker of SCI: (1) Expression and release of suPAR is upregulated by immune activation; (2) uPAR and suPAR exert pro-inflammatory functions; (3) suPAR is associated with the amount of circulating immune cells; (4) Blood suPAR levels correlate with the levels of established inflammatory biomarkers; (5) suPAR is minimally affected by acute changes and short-term influences, in contrast to many currently used markers of systemic inflammation; (6) Like SCI, suPAR is non-specifically associated with multiple diseases; (7) suPAR and SCI both predict morbidity and mortality; (8) suPAR and SCI share the same risk factors; (9) suPAR is associated with risk factors and outcomes of inflammation above and beyond other inflammatory biomarkers; (10) The suPAR level can be reduced by anti-inflammatory interventions and treatment of disease. Assessing SCI has the potential to inform risk for morbidity and mortality. Blood suPAR is a newer biomarker which may, in fact, be a biomarker of SCI since it is stably associated with inflammation and immune activation; shares the same risk factors as many age-related diseases; is both elevated by and predicts age-related diseases. There is strong evidence that suPAR is a prognostic marker of adverse events, morbidity, and mortality. It is associated with immune activity and prognosis across diverse conditions, including kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. Thus, we think it likely represents a common underlying disease-process shared by many diseases; that is, SCI. We review the supporting literature and propose a research agenda that can help test the hypothesis that suPAR indexes SCI, with the potential of becoming the new gold standard for measuring SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Jee Hartmann Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jens Emil Vang Petersen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jesper Eugen-Olsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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20
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Wang L, Yao L, Duan H, Yang F, Lin M, Zhang R, He Z, Ahn J, Fan Y, Qin L, Gong Y. Plasminogen Regulates Fracture Repair by Promoting the Functions of Periosteal Mesenchymal Progenitors. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2229-2242. [PMID: 34378815 PMCID: PMC8865375 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Defective or insufficient bone repair and regeneration are common in patients as a result of major trauma or severe disease. Cell therapy with periosteal mesenchymal progenitors, which can be limited in severe injury, serves as a promising approach; however, its efficacy is limited due to a repair-hostile ischemic tissue microenvironment after traumatic fracture. Here we report that plasminogen (Plg), a factor that is upregulated in these environments, is critical for fracture healing. Plg knockout mice had impaired trabecular and cortical bone structure and exhibited delayed and incomplete fracture healing. Interestingly, Plg deficiency greatly reduced the thickness of expanded periosteum, suggesting a role of Plg in periosteal mesenchymal progenitor-mediated bone repair. In culture, Plg increased cell proliferation and migration in periosteal mesenchymal progenitors and inhibited cell death under ischemic conditions. Mechanistically, we revealed that Plg cleaved and activated Cyr61 to regulate periosteal progenitor function. Thus, our study uncovers a cellular mechanism underlying fracture healing, by which Plg activates Cyr61 to promote periosteal progenitor proliferation, survival, and migration and improves bone repair after fracture. Targeting Plg may offer a rational and effective therapeutic opportunity for improving fracture healing. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqiang Wang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maohuan Lin
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhenqiang He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaimo Ahn
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Fuh KF, Shepherd RD, Withell JS, Kooistra BK, Rinker KD. Fluid flow exposure promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and adhesion of breast cancer cells to endothelial cells. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:97. [PMID: 34641959 PMCID: PMC8507133 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical interactions between tumor cells and microenvironments are frequent phenomena during breast cancer progression, however, it is not well understood how these interactions affect Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). EMT is associated with the progression of most carcinomas through induction of new transcriptional programs within affected epithelial cells, resulting in cells becoming more motile and adhesive to endothelial cells. METHODS MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, BT-474, and MCF-7 cells and normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMECs) were exposed to fluid flow in a parallel-plate bioreactor system. Changes in expression were quantified using microarrays, qPCR, immunocytochemistry, and western blots. Gene-gene interactions were elucidated using network analysis, and key modified genes were examined in clinical datasets. Potential involvement of Smads was investigated using siRNA knockdown studies. Finally, the ability of flow-stimulated and unstimulated cancer cells to adhere to an endothelial monolayer, migrate and invade membrane pores was evaluated in flow and static adhesion experiments. RESULTS Fluid flow stimulation resulted in upregulation of EMT inducers and downregulation of repressors. Specifically, Vimentin and Snail were upregulated both at the gene and protein expression levels in flow stimulated HMECs and MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting progression towards an EMT phenotype. Flow-stimulated SNAI2 was abrogated with Smad3 siRNA. Flow-induced overexpression of a panel of cell adhesion genes was also observed. Network analysis revealed genes involved in cell flow responses including FN1, PLAU, and ALCAM. When evaluated in clinical datasets, overexpression of FN1, PLAU, and ALCAM was observed in patients with different subtypes of breast cancer. We also observed increased adhesion, migration and invasion of flow-stimulated breast cancer cells compared to unstimulated controls. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that fluid forces on the order of 1 Pa promote EMT and adhesion of breast cancer cells to an endothelial monolayer and identified biomarkers were distinctly expressed in patient populations. A better understanding of how biophysical forces such as shear stress affect cellular processes involved in metastatic progression of breast cancer is important for identifying new molecular markers for disease progression, and for predicting metastatic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth F Fuh
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert D Shepherd
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jessica S Withell
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brayden K Kooistra
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kristina D Rinker
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada. .,Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Role of IGFBP-2 in oral cancer metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166143. [PMID: 33864954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is one of most main causes of failure in cancer treatment. Nonetheless, more than half of oral cancer patients were diagnosed as advanced oral cancer with dramatically decreased 5-year survival rate to lower than 20%, while the stages become more advanced. In order to improve oral cancer treatment, the identification of cancer metastatic biomarkers and mechanisms is critical. In the current study, two pairs of oral squamous cell carcinoma lines, OC3/C9, and invasive OC3-I5/C9-I5were used as model systems to investigate invasive mechanism as well as to identify potential therapy-associated targets. Based on our previous proteomic analysis, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) was reported participating in oral cancer metastasis. Subsequent studies have applied interference RNA as well as recombinant protein techniques to confirm the roles of IGFBP-2 in oral cancer metastasis and examine their potency in regulating invasion as well as the mechanism IGFBP-2 involved. The results demonstrated that expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including Twist, Snail1, SIP1, profilin, vimentin, uPA and MMP9 were increased in both OC3-I5 and C9-I5 compared to OC3 and C9 cells, while E-cadherin expression was down-regulated in the OC3-I5 and C9-I5 cells. Moreover, IGFBP-2 is shown to affect not only migration and invasion but also wound healing ability and cell proliferation. Our results also revealed that uPA is a downstream target of IGFBP-2 to intermediate oral cancer metastasis. To sum up, the current studies indicated that elevated IGFBP-2 is strongly correlated with oral cancer metastasis and progression, and that it could potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker as well as an innovative target for the treatment of oral cancer invasion.
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Napolitano F, Montuori N. The Role of the Plasminogen Activation System in Angioedema: Novel Insights on the Pathogenesis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:518. [PMID: 33535668 PMCID: PMC7867209 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main physiological functions of plasmin, the active form of its proenzyme plasminogen, are blood clot fibrinolysis and restoration of normal blood flow. The plasminogen activation (PA) system includes urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue-type PA (tPA), and two types of plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2). In addition to the regulation of fibrinolysis, the PA system plays an important role in other biological processes, which include degradation of extracellular matrix such as embryogenesis, cell migration, tissue remodeling, wound healing, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune response. Recently, the link between PA system and angioedema has been a subject of scientific debate. Angioedema is defined as localized and self-limiting edema of subcutaneous and submucosal tissues, mediated by bradykinin and mast cell mediators. Different forms of angioedema are linked to uncontrolled activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis systems. Moreover, plasmin itself can induce a potentiation of bradykinin production with consequent swelling episodes. The number of studies investigating the PA system involvement in angioedema has grown in recent years, highlighting its relevance in etiopathogenesis. In this review, we present the components and diverse functions of the PA system in physiology and its importance in angioedema pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80135 Naples, Italy;
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Sugioka K, Fukuda K, Nishida T, Kusaka S. The fibrinolytic system in the cornea: A key regulator of corneal wound healing and biological defense. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108459. [PMID: 33493476 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is a relatively unique tissue in the body in that it possesses specific features such as a lack of blood vessels that contribute to its transparency. The cornea is supplied with soluble blood components such as albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen as well as with nutrients, oxygen, and bioactive substances by diffusion from aqueous humor and limbal vessels as well as a result of its exposure to tear fluid. The healthy cornea is largely devoid of cellular components of blood such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes-macrophages, and platelets. The location of the cornea at the ocular surface renders it susceptible to external insults, and its avascular nature necessitates the operation of healing and defense mechanisms in a manner independent of a direct blood supply. The fibrinolytic system, which was first recognized for its role in the degradation of fibrin clots in the vasculature, has also been found to contribute to various biological processes outside of blood vessels. Fibrinolytic factors thus play an important role in biological defense of the cornea. In this review, we address the function of the fibrinolytic system in corneal defense including wound healing and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, 1248-1 Otodacho, Ikoma City, Nara, 630-0293, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osakasayama City, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Ken Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku City, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Teruo Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, 1248-1 Otodacho, Ikoma City, Nara, 630-0293, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan; Division of Cornea and Ocular Surface, Ohshima Eye Hospital, 11-8 Kamigofukumachi, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-0036, Japan
| | - Shunji Kusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osakasayama City, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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Chen S, Yang D, Liu B, Chen Y, Ye W, Chen M, Zheng Y. Identification of crucial genes mediating abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis based on gene expression profiling of perivascular adipose tissue by WGCNA. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:52. [PMID: 33553345 PMCID: PMC7859787 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background With a mortality rate of 65–85%, a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can have catastrophic consequences for patients. However, few effective pharmaceutical treatments are available to treat this condition. Therefore, elucidating the pathogenesis of AAA and finding the potential molecular targets for medical therapies are vital lines of research. Methods An mRNA microarray dataset of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in AAA patients was downloaded and differentially expressed gene (DEG) screening was performed. Weighted gene co-expression networks for dilated and non-dilated PVAT samples were constructed via weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and used to detect gene modules. Functional annotation analysis was performed for the DEGs and gene modules. We identified the hub genes of the modules and created a DEG co-expression network. We then mined crucial genes based on this network using Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) in Cytoscape. Crucial genes with top-6 degree in the crucial gene cluster were visualized, and their potential clinical significance was determined. Results Of the 173 DEGs screened, 99 were upregulated and 74 were downregulated. Co-expression networks were built and we detected 6 and 5 modules for dilated and non-dilated PVAT samples, respectively. The turquoise and black modules for dilated PVAT samples were related to inflammation and immune response. MAP4K1 and PROK2 were the hub genes of these 2 modules, respectively. Then a DEG co-expression network with 112 nodes and 953 edges was created. PLAU was the crucial gene with the highest connectivity and showed potential clinical significance. Conclusions Using WGCNA, gene modules were detected and hub genes and crucial genes were identified. These crucial genes might be potential targets for pharmaceutic therapies and have potential clinical significance. Future in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to more comprehensively explore the biological mechanisms by which these genes affect AAA pathogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - We Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyin Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Fu B, Li M, Mi S. Secretome of Activated Fibroblasts Induced by Exosomes for the Discovery of Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004750. [PMID: 33373110 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecules involved in crosstalk between tumor cells and fibroblasts play vital roles in tumor progression. Extracellular matrix proteins, whose abundance is altered after being affected by tumor-derived exosomes, possess considerable promise as biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis. In this study, quantitative proteomics is employed to determine the abundance of proteins secreted by normal fibroblasts and exosome-activated fibroblasts, which first identify differentially secreted proteins affected by lung cancer cell-derived exosomes. Based on the differentially secreted proteins and multiple independent datasets comprising 1897 patient samples with non-small cell lung carcinoma or other lung diseases, a diagnostic marker is identified that can effectively distinguish tumor tissues from normal tissue, as well as tumor-associated stroma from normal stroma, and a five-gene prognostic signature is presented with independent prognostic impact to identify patients who may require further adjuvant therapy after surgical resection. In addition, the secretome provides novel potential targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Proteomics Technological Platform, National Center for Proteins Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Meng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuangli Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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The Role of Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111514. [PMID: 33167533 PMCID: PMC7694449 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With poor outcomes and an immense financial burden, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its ischemic repercussions still present a major global health problem. Unfavorable outcomes seem to be mainly due to adverse cardiac remodeling. Since the inflammatory response takes an important role in remodeling secondary to myocardial infarction (MI), and as inflammation in this manner has not been completely elucidated, we attempted to give rise to a further understanding of ACS pathophysiology. Hence, in this review, we integrated current knowledge of complex communication networks between natural killer (NK) cells and immune and resident heart cells in the context of ACS. Based on available data, the role of NK cells seems to be important in the infarcted myocardium, where it affects heart remodeling. On the other hand, in atherosclerotic plaque, NK cells seem to be mere passers-by, except in the case of chronic infections by atherogenic pathogens. In that case, NK cells seem to support proinflammatory milieu. NK cell research is challenging due to ethical reasons, convergent evolution, and phenotypic diversity among individuals. Therefore, we argue that further research of NK cells in ACS is valuable, given their therapeutic potential in improving postischemic heart remodeling.
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Shimoda M, Ohtsuka T, Okada Y, Kanai Y. Stromal metalloproteinases: Crucial contributors to the tumor microenvironment. Pathol Int 2020; 71:1-14. [PMID: 33074556 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic balance is crucial for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In cancer, dysregulated proteolysis is involved in unregulated tissue remodeling and inflammation, leading to the promotion of tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis. Metalloproteinases, which were first identified as collagen cleaving enzymes, have been shown to extensively degrade extracellular matrix proteins or selectively release cell surface-bound cytokines, growth factors, or their receptors, thereby impacting extracellular matrix integrity, immune cell recruitment and tissue turnover. Although tumor cells produce various metalloproteinases, the major source is thought to be stromal cells infiltrating the tumor. Different types of stromal cells express specific sets of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, which specifically alter the milieu within the tumor. In this review, recent findings and knowledge regarding metalloproteinases derived from stromal cells during the creation of the tumor microenvironment are described and their contribution to the tumor progression and metastasis discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive and Neoplastic Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 14 Activates Zymogens of Membrane Type Matrix Metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs)-A CleavEx Based Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124383. [PMID: 32575583 PMCID: PMC7352328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are secretory proteinases known to proteolytically process components of the extracellular matrix, modulating the pericellular environment in physiology and in pathologies. The interconnection between these families remains elusive. To assess the cross-activation of these families, we developed a peptide, fusion protein-based exposition system (Cleavage of exposed amino acid sequences, CleavEx) aiming at investigating the potential of KLK14 to recognize and hydrolyze proMMP sequences. Initial assessment identified ten MMP activation domain sequences which were validated by Edman degradation. The analysis revealed that membrane-type MMPs (MT-MMPs) are targeted by KLK14 for activation. Correspondingly, proMMP14-17 were investigated in vitro and found to be effectively processed by KLK14. Again, the expected neo-N-termini of the activated MT-MMPs was confirmed by Edman degradation. The effectiveness of proMMP activation was analyzed by gelatin zymography, confirming the release of fully active, mature MT-MMPs upon KLK14 treatment. Lastly, MMP14 was shown to be processed on the cell surface by KLK14 using murine fibroblasts overexpressing human MMP14. Herein, we propose KLK14-mediated selective activation of cell-membrane located MT-MMPs as an additional layer of their regulation. As both, KLKs and MT-MMPs, are implicated in cancer, their cross-activation may constitute an important factor in tumor progression and metastasis.
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Yue J, Yin L, Shen J, Liu Z. A Modified Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Model Using Elastase Perfusion and Angiotensin II Infusion. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 67:474-481. [PMID: 32171859 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perfused elastase AAA model and subcutaneous Angiotensin II infusion AAA model are widely used murine AAA models. We modified these two current models and developed a new murine model to study aneurysm formation and rupture. METHODS The murine abdominal aorta was treated with elastase. Angiotensin II was infused at a dose of 1,000 ng/kg/min via an osmotic pump placed subcutaneously. A saline osmotic pump was used as the control. The aortas were harvested from the mice 4 weeks later, or earlier if mice died. The abdominal aorta was inspected using ultrasound and microscopy for aneurysm formation and/or signs of rupture. The aneurysm outcome was measured using aortic expansion and proinflammatory cytokine expression. It was also compared with the established conventional elastase perfusion and angiotensin II infusion abdominal aortic aneurysm models. RESULTS By day 28 after surgery, all abdominal aortas of mice treated in the modified group had dilated and progressed to abdominal aortic aneurysms with 60% ruptured aneurysms, whereas none of the control aortas treated with saline became aneurysmal. In mice treated with elastase solution alone, 100% developed aneurysms and only one had a ruptured aneurysm. In mice given angiotensin II infusion alone, 37.5% developed aneurysms and none had a ruptured aneurysm. Histological examination of the modified murine abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture model was identical to that observed in the conventional elastase model. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed similarly increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS We modified two current murine abdominal aortic aneurysm models to develop a murine abdominal aortic aneurysm model with consistent aneurysm formation and high rupture incidence, which can be used for studying abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Yue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Majumder S, Amin M, Pushpakumar S, Sen U. Collagen receptor- and metalloproteinase-dependent hypertensive stress response in mesangial and glomerular endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 466:1-15. [PMID: 31912277 PMCID: PMC10809865 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Progressive alteration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the characteristic of hypertensive nephropathy (HN). Both mesangial and endothelial cells have the ability to synthesize and degrade ECM components, including collagens through the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in stress conditions, such as in hypertension. On the other hand, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to mitigate hypertensive renal matrix remodeling. Surprisingly, whether H2S ameliorates receptor-mediated (urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein, uPARAP/Endo180) collagen dysregulation in Ang-II hypertension is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Ang-II alters the expression of Endo180, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), MMPs, and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) leading to the dysregulation of cellular collagen homeostasis and whether H2S mitigates the collagen turnover. Mouse mesangial cells (MCs) and glomerular endothelial cells (MGECs) were treated without or with Ang-II and H2S donor GYY (GYY4137) for 48 h. Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR, and cells were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. The results indicated that, while Ang-II differentially expressed MMP-13 and TIMP-1 in MCs and in MGECs, it predominantly decreased tPA, Endo 180, and increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), MMP-14, and collagen IIIA and IV in both the cell types. Interestingly, H2S donor GYY treatment normalized the above changes in both the cell types. We conclude that Ang-II treatment causes ECM remodeling in MCs and MGECs through PAI-1/tPA/Endo180 and MMP/TIMP-dependent collagen remodeling, and H2S treatment mitigates remodeling, in part, by modulating these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Majumder
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Matthew Amin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Li G, Lin J, Peng Y, Qin K, Wen L, Zhao T, Feng Q. Curcumol may reverse early and advanced liver fibrogenesis through downregulating the uPA/uPAR pathway. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1421-1435. [PMID: 31989700 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested strong antifibrotic activity of curcumol in the liver; the underlying mechanisms of which, however, remain largely unknown. Aiming to investigate the role of curcumol in regulating early and advanced liver fibrosis, we designed a rat model with advanced liver fibrosis and cell model with an initial fibrotic stage. Model rats induced by CCl4 and alcohol presented advanced liver fibrosis with complete fibrous septa. The administration of curcumol (25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) resulted in reversal of liver fibrosis. Leptin-administrated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells presented defenestration and basement membrane components deposition, including laminin (LN) and type IV collagen (Col IV), the characteristics of capillarization by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence assays. After treatment with curcumol (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/L), defenestration was restored and the levels of LN and Col IV were decreased, consistent with the rat model. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot results revealed that increased levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/ uPA receptor (uPAR) were observed both in vivo and in vitro, curcumol significantly reduced uPA/uPAR at both the mRNA and protein levels. Reduction of uPA/uPAR may be synergistic with matrix metallopeptidase 13 to reverse liver fibrogenesis. In conclusion, curcumol protects liver from phenotypic changes in the early and advanced fibrogenesis, possibly through uPA/uPAR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiyong Lin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kefeng Qin
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Li Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Krämer M, Markart P, Drakopanagiotakis F, Mamazhakypov A, Schaefer L, Didiasova M, Wygrecka M. Pirfenidone inhibits motility of NSCLC cells by interfering with the urokinase system. Cell Signal 2020; 65:109432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Jacobson RA, Wienholts K, Williamson AJ, Gaines S, Hyoju S, van Goor H, Zaborin A, Shogan BD, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Enterococcus faecalis exploits the human fibrinolytic system to drive excess collagenolysis: implications in gut healing and identification of druggable targets. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G1-G9. [PMID: 31604031 PMCID: PMC6985841 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00236.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Perforations, anastomotic leak, and subsequent intra-abdominal sepsis are among the most common and feared complications of invasive interventions in the colon and remaining intestinal tract. During physiological healing, tissue protease activity is finely orchestrated to maintain the strength and integrity of the submucosa collagen layer in the wound. We (Shogan, BD et al. Sci Trans Med 7: 286ra68, 2015.) have previously demonstrated in both mice and humans that the commensal microbe Enterococcus faecalis selectively colonizes wounded colonic tissues and disrupts the healing process by amplifying collagenolytic matrix-metalloprotease activity toward excessive degradation. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, a novel collagenolytic virulence mechanism by which E. faecalis is able to bind and locally activate the human fibrinolytic protease plasminogen (PLG), a protein present in high concentrations in healing colonic tissue. E. faecalis-mediated PLG activation leads to supraphysiological collagen degradation; in this study, we demonstrate this concept both in vitro and in vivo. This pathoadaptive response can be mitigated with the PLG inhibitor tranexamic acid (TXA) in a fashion that prevents clinically significant complications in validated murine models of both E. faecalis- and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mediated colonic perforation. TXA has a proven clinical safety record and is Food and Drug Administration approved for topical application in invasive procedures, albeit for the prevention of bleeding rather than infection. As such, the novel pharmacological effect described in this study may be translatable to clinical trials for the prevention of infectious complications in colonic healing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper presents a novel mechanism for virulence in a commensal gut microbe that exploits the human fibrinolytic system and its principle protease, plasminogen. This mechanism is targetable by safe and effective nonantibiotic small molecules for the prevention of infectious complications in the healing gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Jacobson
- 1Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois,2Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois,3Department of Surgery, John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kiedo Wienholts
- 4Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sara Gaines
- 2Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sanjiv Hyoju
- 2Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harry van Goor
- 4Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Olga Zaborina
- 2Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - John C. Alverdy
- 2Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois
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Jana S, Hu M, Shen M, Kassiri Z. Extracellular matrix, regional heterogeneity of the aorta, and aortic aneurysm. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-15. [PMID: 31857579 PMCID: PMC6923362 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is an asymptomatic disease with dire outcomes if undiagnosed. Aortic aneurysm rupture is a significant cause of death worldwide. To date, surgical repair or endovascular repair (EVAR) is the only effective treatment for aortic aneurysm, as no pharmacological treatment has been found effective. Aortic aneurysm, a focal dilation of the aorta, can be formed in the thoracic (TAA) or the abdominal (AAA) region; however, our understanding as to what determines the site of aneurysm formation remains quite limited. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the noncellular component of the aortic wall, that in addition to providing structural support, regulates bioavailability of an array of growth factors and cytokines, thereby influencing cell function and behavior that ultimately determine physiological or pathological remodeling of the aortic wall. Here, we provide an overview of the ECM proteins that have been reported to be involved in aortic aneurysm formation in humans or animal models, and the experimental models for TAA and AAA and the link to ECM manipulations. We also provide a comparative analysis, where data available, between TAA and AAA, and how aberrant ECM proteolysis versus disrupted synthesis may determine the site of aneurysm formation. A review of aneurysm formation, swelling in blood vessel, in the aorta, examines distinctions between two forms of the condition and the role of proteins in the extracellular matrix which surrounds cells of the arterial wall. Rupture of aneurysms in the aorta, the body’s main artery, is a major cause of death. Researchers led by Zamaneh Kassiri at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, emphasize that aneurysms in the thoracic and abdominal regions of the aorta are distinct conditions with crucial differences in their causes. Disrupted production and assembly of the extracellular matrix and its proteins may underlie thoracic aneurysm formation. Factors triggering the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins may be more significant in abdominal aneurysms. Understanding the differing molecular mechanisms involved could help address the current lack of effective drug treatments for these dangerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Jana
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mengcheng Shen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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36
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Zaborowski MP, Cheah PS, Zhang X, Bushko I, Lee K, Sammarco A, Zappulli V, Maas SLN, Allen RM, Rumde P, György B, Aufiero M, Schweiger MW, Lai CPK, Weissleder R, Lee H, Vickers KC, Tannous BA, Breakefield XO. Membrane-bound Gaussia luciferase as a tool to track shedding of membrane proteins from the surface of extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17387. [PMID: 31758005 PMCID: PMC6874653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cells play a role in intercellular communication. Reporter and targeting proteins can be modified and exposed on the surface of EVs to investigate their half-life and biodistribution. A characterization of membrane-bound Gaussia luciferase (mbGluc) revealed that its signal was detected also in a form smaller than common EVs (<70 nm). We demonstrated that mbGluc initially exposed on the surface of EVs, likely undergoes proteolytic cleavage and processed fragments of the protein are released into the extracellular space in active form. Based on this observation, we developed a new assay to quantitatively track shedding of membrane proteins from the surface of EVs. We used this assay to show that ectodomain shedding in EVs is continuous and is mediated by specific proteases, e.g. metalloproteinases. Here, we present a novel tool to study membrane protein cleavage and release using both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Piotr Zaborowski
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isabella Bushko
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kyungheon Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Alessandro Sammarco
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sybren Lein Nikola Maas
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Purva Rumde
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bence György
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Aufiero
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Markus W Schweiger
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles Pin-Kuang Lai
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Michel JB, Jondeau G, Milewicz DM. From genetics to response to injury: vascular smooth muscle cells in aneurysms and dissections of the ascending aorta. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:578-589. [PMID: 29360940 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) play a crucial role in both the pathogenesis of Aneurysms and Dissections of the ascending thoracic aorta (TAAD) in humans and in the associated adaptive compensatory responses, since thrombosis and inflammatory processes are absent in the majority of cases. Aneurysms and dissections share numerous characteristics, including aetiologies and histopathological alterations: vSMC disappearance, medial areas of mucoid degeneration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown. Three aetiologies predominate in TAAD in humans: (i) genetic causes in heritable familial forms, (ii) an association with bicuspid aortic valves, and (iii) a sporadic degenerative form linked to the aortic aging process. Genetic forms include mutations in vSMC genes encoding for molecules of the ECM or the TGF-β pathways, or participating in vSMC tone. On the other hand, aneurysms and dissections, whatever their aetiologies, are characterized by an increase in wall permeability leading to transmural advection of plasma proteins which could interact with vSMCs and ECM components. In this context, blood-borne plasminogen appears to play an important role, because its outward convection through the wall is increased in TAAD, and it could be converted to active plasmin at the vSMC membrane. Active plasmin can induce vSMC disappearance, proteolysis of adhesive proteins, activation of MMPs and release of TGF-β from its ECM storage sites. Conversely, vSMCs could respond to aneurysmal biomechanical and proteolytic injury by an epigenetic phenotypic switch, including constitutional overexpression and nuclear translocation of Smad2 and an increase in antiprotease and ECM protein synthesis. In contrast, such an epigenetic phenomenon is not observed in dissections. In this context, dysfunction of proteins involved in vSMC tone are interesting to study, particularly in interaction with plasma protein transport through the wall and TGF-β activation, to establish the relationship between these dysfunctions and ECM proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Michel
- UMR 1148, Laboratory for Translational Vascular Science, Inserm and Paris 7- Denis Diderot University, Xavier Bichat Hospital, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Jondeau
- UMR 1148, Laboratory for Translational Vascular Science, Inserm and Paris 7- Denis Diderot University, Xavier Bichat Hospital, 75018 Paris, France.,Cardiology Department, National Reference Center for Marfan Syndrome and Related Diseases, APHP Hopital Bichat, 75018 Paris
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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38
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Plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis enables macrophage migration in a murine model of inflammation. Blood 2019; 134:291-303. [PMID: 31101623 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018874859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient migration of macrophages to sites of inflammation requires cell surface-bound plasmin(ogen). Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the deficits of plasmin(ogen)-mediated macrophage migration in 2 models: murine thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and in vitro macrophage migration. As previously reported, macrophage migration into the peritoneal cavity of mice in response to thioglycollate was significantly impaired in the absence of plasminogen. Fibrin(ogen) deposition was noted in the peritoneal cavity in response to thioglycollate, with a significant increase in fibrin(ogen) in the plasminogen-deficient mice. Interestingly, macrophage migration was restored in plasminogen-deficient mice by simultaneous imposition of fibrinogen deficiency. Consistent with this in vivo finding, chemotactic migration of cultured macrophages through a fibrin matrix did not occur in the absence of plasminogen. The macrophage requirement for plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis, both in vivo and in vitro, was negated by deletion of the major myeloid integrin αMβ2-binding motif on the γ chain of fibrin(ogen). The study identifies a critical role of fibrinolysis in macrophage migration, presumably through the alleviation of migratory constraints imposed by the interaction of leukocytes with fibrin(ogen) through the integrin αMβ2 receptor.
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39
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Cogo F, Williams R, Burden RE, Scott CJ. Application of nanotechnology to target and exploit tumour associated proteases. Biochimie 2019; 166:112-131. [PMID: 31029743 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are hydrolytic enzymes fundamental for a variety of physiological processes, but the loss of their regulation leads to aberrant functions that promote onset and progression of many diseases including cancer. Proteases have been implicated in almost every hallmark of cancer and whilst widely investigated for tumour therapy, clinical adoption of protease inhibitors as drugs remains a challenge due to issues such as off-target toxicity and inability to achieve therapeutic doses at the disease site. Now, nanotechnology-based solutions and strategies are emerging to circumvent these issues. In this review, preclinical advances in approaches to enhance the delivery of protease drugs and the exploitation of tumour-derived protease activities to promote targeting of nanomedicine formulations is examined. Whilst this field is still in its infancy, innovations to date suggest that nanomedicine approaches to protease targeting or inhibition may hold much therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cogo
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Rich Williams
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Roberta E Burden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
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40
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Kugaevskaya EV, Gureeva TA, Timoshenko OS, Solovyeva NI. Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator System in Norm and in Life-Threatening Processes (Review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-6-61-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional urokinase-type plasminogen activator system (uPA-system) includes serine proteinase — uPA or urokinase, its receptor (uPAR) and two inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2). The review discusses the structural features and involvement of the system components in the development of life-threatening processes including carcinogenesis, inflammation, neurogenesis and fibrinolysis, in regulation of which the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM), cell mobility and signaling inside and outside the cell play a decisive role. uPA triggers the processes by activating the plasminogen and its convertion into plasmin involved in the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in addition to the regulation of fibrinolysis. MMPs can hydrolyze all the major ECM components and therefore play a key role in invasion, metastasis, and cell mobility. MMPs activates a cassette of biologically active regulatory molecules and release them from ECM. uPAR, PAI-1 and PAI-2 are responsible for regulation of the uPA activity. In addition, being a signaling receptor, uPAR along with MMPs lead to the stimulation of a number of signaling pathways that are associated with the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, growth and migration of cells contributing to tumor progression, inflammation, chemotaxis, and angiogenesis. Effective participation of the uPA system components in ECM destruction and regulation of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways demonstrates that the system significantly contributes to the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes.
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41
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ROBO4 variants predispose individuals to bicuspid aortic valve and thoracic aortic aneurysm. Nat Genet 2018; 51:42-50. [PMID: 30455415 PMCID: PMC6309588 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital heart defect
(population incidence, 1–2%)1–3 that
frequently presents with ascending aortic aneurysm (AscAA)4. BAV/AscAA shows autosomal dominant
inheritance with incomplete penetrance and male predominance. Causative gene
mutations are known for ≤1% of nonsyndromic BAV cases with/without AscAA
(e.g. NOTCH1, SMAD6)5–8, impeding mechanistic insight and development of therapeutic
strategies. We report the identification of mutations in ROBO4,
encoding a factor known to contribute to endothelial performance, that segregate
with disease in two families. Targeted sequencing of ROBO4
revealed enrichment for rare variants in BAV/AscAA probands compared to
controls. Targeted silencing of ROBO4 or mutant ROBO4
expression in endothelial cell lines results in impaired barrier function and a
synthetic repertoire suggestive of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EnMT);
concordant BAV/AscAA-associated findings are observed in patients and animal
models deficient for ROBO4. These data identify a novel endothelial etiology for
this common human disease phenotype.
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42
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Li CY, de Veer SJ, Law RHP, Whisstock JC, Craik DJ, Swedberg JE. Characterising the Subsite Specificity of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator using a Sequence-Defined Peptide Aldehyde Library. Chembiochem 2018; 20:46-50. [PMID: 30225958 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) are two serine proteases that contribute to initiating fibrinolysis by activating plasminogen. uPA is also an important tumour-associated protease due to its role in extracellular matrix remodelling. Overexpression of uPA has been identified in several different cancers and uPA inhibition has been reported as a promising therapeutic strategy. Although several peptide-based uPA inhibitors have been developed, the extent to which uPA tolerates different tetrapeptide sequences that span the P1-P4 positions remains to be thoroughly explored. In this study, we screened a sequence-defined peptide aldehyde library against uPA and tPA. Preferred sequences from the library screen yielded potent inhibitors for uPA, led by Ac-GTAR-H (Ki =18 nm), but not for tPA. Additionally, synthetic peptide substrates corresponding to preferred inhibitor sequences were cleaved with high catalytic efficiency by uPA but not by tPA. These findings provide new insights into the binding specificity of uPA and tPA and the relative activity of tetrapeptide inhibitors and substrates against these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choi Yi Li
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Simon J de Veer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ruby H P Law
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Joakim E Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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43
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Norouzi S, Gorgi Valokala M, Mosaffa F, Zirak MR, Zamani P, Behravan J. Crosstalk in cancer resistance and metastasis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 132:145-153. [PMID: 30447920 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The main obstacles that lead to clinical failure in cancer treatment are the development of resistant to chemotherapy and a rise in invasive characteristics in cancer tumor cells due to prolonged chemotherapeutic processes. Recent studies have revealed some evidence about the existence of a direct relationship between development of drug resistance and triggering of invasive capability in tumor cells. Therefore, devising and application of chemotherapeutic procedures that are not prone to the development of chemotherapy resistance are necessary. Here, we focus on CD147, CD44, ANAX2, P-gp, MMPs, and UCH-L1 proteins involved in the crosstalk between metastasis and cancer treatment. We think that further structural and functional analysis of these proteins may direct scientists towards designing highly effective chemotherapy procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Norouzi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Gorgi Valokala
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mosaffa
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zirak
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Mediphage Bioceuticals, Inc., 661 University Avenue, Suite 1300, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Canada; School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, Canada.
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44
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Zhu C, Mustafa DAM, Krebber MM, Chrifi I, Leenen PJM, Duncker DJ, Dekker L, Luider TM, Kros JM, Cheng C. Comparative proteomic analysis of cat eye syndrome critical region protein 1- function in tumor-associated macrophages and immune response regulation of glial tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33500-33514. [PMID: 30323894 PMCID: PMC6173361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor development, angiogenesis and distal metastasis. In previous studies, we showed that Cat Eye Syndrome Critical Region Protein 1 (CECR1) is expressed by M2-like TAMs in human glioma samples. CECR1 promoted M2 TAMs differentiation and affected glioma cell proliferation and migration. Here we investigated the proteomic profile of TAMs expressing CECR1 in absence or presence of glioma cells. Results CECR1 siRNA transfection upregulated 67 proteins in THP-1-derived Macrophages (MQs). Pathway annotation mapped this set to 3 major pathways relevant for MQ function, including 'MHC-I antigen presentation', 'phagosome maturation' and 'endocytosis'. Co-culture of siCECR1 THP-1-derived MQs with U87 glioma cells attenuated the changes observed on protein and mRNA level in response to MQ CECR1 silencing. SiCECR1 in U87 co-cultured MQs was associated with an IL-10low, IL-12high M1-like phenotype. In U87 co-culture conditions, SiCECR1 also downregulated S20 proteasome complex proteins PSMA5, PSMA7, PSMC6 and PSMD8. This protein profile was linked to a low proliferation rate of siCECR1 MQs. Overlap analysis identified S100A9 and PLAU as CECR1-related proteins that were significantly correlated with expression of CECR1 and macrophage lineage markers in three large public GBM datasets. Conclusion This study reports the molecular pathways and key molecules that are mediated by CECR1 function in THP- 1-derived MQs and TAMs in glioma. Methods PMA-treated THP-1 cells (MQs) were siRNA transfected for CECR1 in vitro, with or without stimulation of the primary glioma cell line U87. Lysates were analyzed by (nano)LC-MS. Significant altered protein levels were identified (P < 0.05), followed by pathway annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dana A M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merle M Krebber
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ihsan Chrifi
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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45
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Phie J, Moxon JV, Krishna SM, Kinobe R, Morton SK, Golledge J. A diet enriched with tree nuts reduces severity of atherosclerosis but not abdominal aneurysm in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2018; 277:28-33. [PMID: 30170221 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diets enriched with tree nuts have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) shares common risk factors with atherosclerosis and AAA patients commonly have atherosclerosis related cardiovascular events. AAA has some distinct pathological and clinical characteristics to those of atherosclerosis. No previous study has examined the effect of a diet enriched with tree nuts on experimental or clinical AAA. This study investigated the effect of a diet enriched with tree nuts on the development and severity of AAA within an experimental rodent model. METHODS Male apolipoprotein E deficient mice were allocated to a diet enriched with tree nuts or control diet for 56 days (n = 17 per group). After 28 days, all mice were infused with angiotensin II whilst being maintained on their respective diets. The primary outcome was AAA severity assessed by the supra-renal aortic diameter, measured by ultrasound and ex vivo morphometric analysis. The severity of atherosclerosis was assessed by computer-aided analysis of Sudan IV stained aortic arches and sections of brachiocephalic arteries prepared with Van Gieson's stain. RESULTS The diet enriched with tree nuts did not influence aortic diameter or aortic rupture incidence. Mice receiving the diet enriched with tree nuts had significantly less atherosclerosis within the brachiocephalic artery (p = 0.033) but not in the aortic arch. CONCLUSIONS This experimental study suggests that a diet enriched with tree nuts does not reduce the severity of AAA, but does reduce the severity of atherosclerosis within the brachiocephalic artery. The study was not powered to identify a moderate effect of the diet on the primary outcome and therefore this cannot be excluded.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animal Feed
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Brachiocephalic Trunk/metabolism
- Brachiocephalic Trunk/pathology
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage
- Male
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Nutritive Value
- Nuts
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Polyphenols/administration & dosage
- Severity of Illness Index
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- James Phie
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joseph V Moxon
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Smriti M Krishna
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Kinobe
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan K Morton
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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del Río Solá M, Aguirre Gervás B, Sánchez Santiago A, Vaquero Puerta C. Influencia de la actividad inflamatoria del trombo mural en los pacientes con aneurisma de aorta abdominal con reparación endoluminal. ANGIOLOGIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.angio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jiménez-Altayó F, Meirelles T, Crosas-Molist E, Sorolla MA, Del Blanco DG, López-Luque J, Mas-Stachurska A, Siegert AM, Bonorino F, Barberà L, García C, Condom E, Sitges M, Rodríguez-Pascual F, Laurindo F, Schröder K, Ros J, Fabregat I, Egea G. Redox stress in Marfan syndrome: Dissecting the role of the NADPH oxidase NOX4 in aortic aneurysm. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 118:44-58. [PMID: 29471108 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is characterized by the formation of ascending aortic aneurysms resulting from altered assembly of extracellular matrix fibrillin-containing microfibrils and dysfunction of TGF-β signaling. Here we identify the molecular targets of redox stress in aortic aneurysms from MFS patients, and investigate the role of NOX4, whose expression is strongly induced by TGF-β, in aneurysm formation and progression in a murine model of MFS. Working models included aortae and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from MFS patients, and a NOX4-deficient Marfan mouse model (Fbn1C1039G/+-Nox4-/-). Increased tyrosine nitration and reactive oxygen species levels were found in the tunica media of human aortic aneurysms and in cultured VSMC. Proteomic analysis identified nitrated and carbonylated proteins, which included smooth muscle α-actin (αSMA) and annexin A2. NOX4 immunostaining increased in the tunica media of human Marfan aorta and was transcriptionally overexpressed in VSMC. Fbn1C1039G/+-Nox4-/- mice aortas showed a reduction of fragmented elastic fibers, which was accompanied by an amelioration in the Marfan-associated enlargement of the aortic root. Increase in the contractile phenotype marker calponin in the tunica media of MFS mice aortas was abrogated in Fbn1C1039G/+-Nox4-/- mice. Endothelial dysfunction evaluated by myography in the Marfan ascending aorta was prevented by the absence of Nox4 or catalase-induced H2O2 decomposition. We conclude that redox stress occurs in MFS, whose targets are actin-based cytoskeleton members and regulators of extracellular matrix homeostasis. Likewise, NOX4 have an impact in the progression of the aortic dilation in MFS and in the structural organization of the aortic tunica media, the VSMC phenotypic modulation, and endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Thayna Meirelles
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Crosas-Molist
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Alba Sorolla
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain; Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Darya Gorbenko Del Blanco
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit López-Luque
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana-Maria Siegert
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio Bonorino
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Barberà
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina García
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Condom
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sitges
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Laurindo
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katrin Schröder
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joaquim Ros
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain; Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Egea
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
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Jaiswal RK, Varshney AK, Yadava PK. Diversity and functional evolution of the plasminogen activator system. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:886-898. [PMID: 29571259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The urokinase plasminogen activator system is a family of serine proteases which consists of uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator), uPAR (urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor) and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1). In addition to their significant roles in activation, these proteases act as key regulators of the tumor microenvironment and are involved in the metastatic process in many cancers. High levels of uPA system proteases in many human cancer predicts poor patient prognosis and strongly indicated a key role of uPA system in cancer metastasis. Individual components of uPA system are found to be differentially expressed in cancer cells compared to normal cells and therefore are potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we present the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of uPA system in cancer progression. Epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT) is the main cause of the cancer cell metastasis. We have also attempted to relate the role of uPA signaling in EMT of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Kumar Jaiswal
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Akhil Kumar Varshney
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Yadava
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Aria H, Kalani M, Hodjati H, Doroudchi M. Elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-9 in the sera of patients with AAA do not correspond to their production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Artery Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Roosendaal G, Coeleveld K, Lubberts E, Biesma D, Lafeber F, Schutgens R, Nieuwenhuizen L. Haemarthrosis stimulates the synovial fibrinolytic system in haemophilic mice. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:173-83. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-01-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryRecurrent joint bleeding is the most common manifestation of haemophilia resulting in haemophilic arthropathy (HA). The exact pathophysiology is unknown, but it is suggested that arthropathy is stimulated by liberation of fibrinolytic activators from the synovium during haemarthrosis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that haemarthrosis activates the local synovial fibrinolytic system in a murine haemophilia model. The right knees of haemophilic and control mice were punctured to induce haemarthrosis. The left knees served as internal control joints. Synovial levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), plasmin, and alpha-2-antiplasmin (A2AP) were compared between the punctured and control knees. In haemophilic mice, an increase in synovial cells expressing urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in the right punctured knee versus the left unaffected knee was observed: (47% vs 43%) (p=0.03). Additionally, in haemophilic mice, haemar-throsis induced an increase in uPA (0.016 ng/ml vs 0.01 ng/ml) (p=0.03) and plasmin (0.53 μg/ml vs 0.46 μg/ml) (p=0.01) as promoters of fibrinolysis. Synovial levels of PAI-1 (0.32 ng/ml vs 0.17 ng/ ml) (p<0.01) was also increased, whereas synovial levels of A2AP were unchanged: (0.021 μg/ml vs 0.021 μg/ml) (p=0.15). Enhanced uPA production was confirmed in human stimulated synovial fibroblast cultures and elevated levels of plasmin were confirmed harmful to human cartilage tissue explants. In this study we demonstrate that haemarthrosis in haemophilic mice induces synovial uPA expression and results in an increase in synovial plasmin levels, making the joint more vulnerable to prolonged and subsequent bleedings, and adding directly to cartilage damage.
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