1
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Hoogenboezem EN, Patel SS, Lo JH, Cavnar AB, Babb LM, Francini N, Gbur EF, Patil P, Colazo JM, Michell DL, Sanchez VM, McCune JT, Ma J, DeJulius CR, Lee LH, Rosch JC, Allen RM, Stokes LD, Hill JL, Vickers KC, Cook RS, Duvall CL. Structural optimization of siRNA conjugates for albumin binding achieves effective MCL1-directed cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1581. [PMID: 38383524 PMCID: PMC10881965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The high potential of siRNAs to silence oncogenic drivers remains largely untapped due to the challenges of tumor cell delivery. Here, divalent lipid-conjugated siRNAs are optimized for in situ binding to albumin to improve pharmacokinetics and tumor delivery. Systematic variation of the siRNA conjugate structure reveals that the location of the linker branching site dictates tendency toward albumin association versus self-assembly, while the lipid hydrophobicity and reversibility of albumin binding also contribute to siRNA intracellular delivery. The lead structure increases tumor siRNA accumulation 12-fold in orthotopic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors over the parent siRNA. This structure achieves approximately 80% silencing of the anti-apoptotic oncogene MCL1 and yields better survival outcomes in three TNBC models than an MCL-1 small molecule inhibitor. These studies provide new structure-function insights on siRNA-lipid conjugate structures that are intravenously injected, associate in situ with serum albumin, and improve pharmacokinetics and tumor treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella N Hoogenboezem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shrusti S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin H Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ashley B Cavnar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren M Babb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nora Francini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eva F Gbur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Prarthana Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juan M Colazo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Violeta M Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua T McCune
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jinqi Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carlisle R DeJulius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Linus H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonah C Rosch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Larry D Stokes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jordan L Hill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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2
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Hoogenboezem EN, Patel SS, Cavnar AB, Lo JH, Babb LM, Francini N, Patil P, Colazo JM, Michell DL, Sanchez VM, McCune JT, Ma J, DeJulius CR, Lee LH, Rosch JC, Allen RM, Stokes LD, Hill JL, Vickers KC, Cook RS, Duvall CL. Structural Optimization of siRNA Conjugates for Albumin Binding Achieves Effective MCL1-Targeted Cancer Therapy. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.14.528574. [PMID: 36824780 PMCID: PMC9948981 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The high potential for therapeutic application of siRNAs to silence traditionally undruggable oncogenic drivers remains largely untapped due to the challenges of tumor cell delivery. Here, siRNAs were optimized for in situ binding to albumin through C18 lipid modifications to improve pharmacokinetics and tumor delivery. Systematic variation of siRNA conjugates revealed a lead structure with divalent C18 lipids each linked through three repeats of hexaethylene glycol connected by phosphorothioate bonds. Importantly, we discovered that locating the branch site of the divalent lipid structure proximally (adjacent to the RNA) rather than at a more distal site (after the linker segment) promotes association with albumin, while minimizing self-assembly and lipoprotein association. Comparison to higher albumin affinity (diacid) lipid variants and siRNA directly conjugated to albumin underscored the importance of conjugate hydrophobicity and reversibility of albumin binding for siRNA delivery and bioactivity in tumors. The lead conjugate increased tumor siRNA accumulation 12-fold in orthotopic mouse models of triple negative breast cancer over the parent siRNA. When applied for silencing of the anti-apoptotic oncogene MCL-1, this structure achieved approximately 80% MCL1 silencing in orthotopic breast tumors. Furthermore, application of the lead conjugate structure to target MCL1 yielded better survival outcomes in three independent, orthotopic, triple negative breast cancer models than an MCL1 small molecule inhibitor. These studies provide new structure-function insights on optimally leveraging siRNA-lipid conjugate structures that associate in situ with plasma albumin for molecular-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shrusti S. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ashley B. Cavnar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Justin H. Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lauren M. Babb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Nora Francini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Prarthana Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Juan M. Colazo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Violeta M. Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Joshua T. McCune
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jinqi Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Jonah C. Rosch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan M. Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Larry D. Stokes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jordan L. Hill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Rebecca S. Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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3
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Allen RM, Michell DL, Cavnar AB, Zhu W, Makhijani N, Contreras DM, Raby CA, Semler EM, DeJulius C, Castleberry M, Zhang Y, Ramirez-Solano M, Zhao S, Duvall C, Doran AC, Sheng Q, Linton MF, Vickers KC. LDL delivery of microbial small RNAs drives atherosclerosis through macrophage TLR8. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1701-1713. [PMID: 36474072 PMCID: PMC10609361 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages present a spectrum of phenotypes that mediate both the pathogenesis and resolution of atherosclerotic lesions. Inflammatory macrophage phenotypes are pro-atherogenic, but the stimulatory factors that promote these phenotypes remain incompletely defined. Here we demonstrate that microbial small RNAs (msRNA) are enriched on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and drive pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and cytokine secretion via activation of the RNA sensor toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8). Removal of msRNA cargo during LDL re-constitution yields particles that readily promote sterol loading but fail to stimulate inflammatory activation. Competitive antagonism of TLR8 with non-targeting locked nucleic acids was found to prevent native LDL-induced macrophage polarization in vitro, and re-organize lesion macrophage phenotypes in vivo, as determined by single-cell RNA sequencing. Critically, this was associated with reduced disease burden in distinct mouse models of atherosclerosis. These results identify LDL-msRNA as instigators of atherosclerosis-associated inflammation and support alternative functions of LDL beyond cholesterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ashley B Cavnar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil Makhijani
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danielle M Contreras
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chase A Raby
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Semler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carlisle DeJulius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark Castleberry
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Youmin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amanda C Doran
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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4
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Semler EM, Michell DL, Allen RM, Ramirez-Solano M, Linton MF, Sheng Q, Vickers KC. Abstract 449: Post-transcriptionally Modified TRNA-derived Small RNA On HDL Antagonize Atherosclerosis Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.42.suppl_1.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a complex disease of uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia and inflammation. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been shown to suppress atherogenesis through multiple processes; however, many of HDL’s beneficial properties are lost during ASCVD. While the underlying reasons for the switch are unknown, changes to the composition and chemical properties of HDL cargo are likely a primary contributing factor. We have previously reported that HDL transfer microRNAs to recipient cells where they regulate gene expression. Based on our small RNA (sRNA) sequencing data, HDL also transports multiple classes of host and non-host sRNAs, including sRNAs-derived from parent tRNAs (tDRs). Recent studies indicate that extracellular sRNAs are post-transcriptionally modified and provide an additional layer of gene regulation. The current barrier to studying HDL-sRNA modifications is that modified sRNAs are often not captured by conventional sRNA sequencing approaches. To overcome this barrier, we have performed AlkB-facilitated RNA Methylation sequencing which removes common modifications on sRNAs prior to sequencing that normally would interfere with reverse transcription. Preliminary results support that HDL-tDRs are indeed heavily modified and conventional sequencing approaches greatly underestimate extracellular HDL-sRNA abundances. Previous work has established that modified sRNA antagonizes inflammation, primarily through inhibition of endosomal RNA-sensing toll-like receptors (i.e., TLR8) within immune cells. On the contrary, other studies have demonstrated that unmodified extracellular sRNAs can serve as TLR8 agonists. Due to the observations that
a)
HDL is highly-enriched in tDRs,
b)
HDL-tDRs are post-transcriptionally modified,
c)
modified sRNAs inhibit TLR signaling and inflammation, we hypothesize that modifications to HDL-tDRs confer antagonism towards immune cell activation and atherosclerosis inflammation.
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5
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter McLaren
- Chapman University, Orange, USA
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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6
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Abner JJ, Franklin JL, Clement MA, Hinger SA, Allen RM, Liu X, Kellner S, Wu J, Karijolich J, Liu Q, Vickers KC, Dedon P, Weaver AM, Coffey RJ, Patton JG. Depletion of METTL3 alters cellular and extracellular levels of miRNAs containing m 6A consensus sequences. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08519. [PMID: 34934837 PMCID: PMC8654799 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are capable of transferring cargo from donor to recipient cells, but precisely how cargo content is regulated for export is mostly unknown. For miRNA cargo, we previously showed that when compared to isogenic colorectal cancer (CRC) cells expressing wild-type KRAS, a distinct subset of miRNAs are differentially enriched in EVs from KRAS mutant active CRC cells, with miR-100 being one of the most enriched. The mechanisms that could explain how miR-100 and other miRNAs are differentially exported into EVs have not been fully elucidated. Here, we tested the effect of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on miRNA export into EVs by depletion of METTL3 and ALKBH5, a writer and eraser of m6A modification, respectively. While the effects of ALKBH5 knockdown were quite modest, decreased levels of METTL3 led to reduced cellular and extracellular levels of a subset of miRNAs that contain consensus sequences for m6A modification. Functional testing of EVs prepared from cells expressing shRNAs against METTL3 showed that they were less capable of conferring colony growth in 3D to wild-type KRAS cells and were also largely incapable of conferring the spread of cetuximab resistance. Our data support a role for METTL3 modification on cellular miRNA levels and export of specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Abner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Margaret A. Clement
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Scott A. Hinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Ryan M. Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Stefanie Kellner
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Junzhou Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John Karijolich
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Peter Dedon
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Alissa M. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - James G. Patton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
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7
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Shahjahan RA, Grimm A, Allen RM. The "LOOMING DISASTER" for higher education: how commercial rankers use social media to amplify and foster affect. High Educ (Dordr) 2021; 86:1-17. [PMID: 34690358 PMCID: PMC8524401 DOI: 10.1007/s10734-021-00762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of global university rankings coverage in media and academia, a concerted attempt to investigate the role of social media in ranking entrepreneurship remains absent. By drawing on an affect lens, we critically examine the social media activities of two commercial rankers: Times Higher Education (THE) and Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd (QS). Based on an analysis of THE's Twitter feed and QS' Facebook page between January and June 2020, we illuminate how rankers use social media for affective storytelling to frame and sell their expertise within global HE. First, we demonstrate how THE uses Twitter to engage an audience of institutions, governments, and administrators, reinforcing universities' increasingly aggressive behavior as market competitors. Next, we show how QS engages a student-oriented audience on Facebook, furthering the role of students as consumers. Before and during the COVID pandemic, we observed that both rankers amplified and mobilized precarity associated with performance and participation, selling hope to targeted audiences to market their expertise as solutions-a strategy that remained amidst the global pandemic. Based on our observation of the front stage of rankers' social media activities, we argue that rankers' deployment of social media as a form of affective infrastructure is conducive to further sustaining, diffusing, and normalizing rankings in HE globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad A. Shahjahan
- Department of Educational Administration, Michigan State University, 428 Erickson Hall, 620 Farm Lane Road, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Adam Grimm
- Department of Educational Administration, Michigan State University, 428 Erickson Hall, 620 Farm Lane Road, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Ryan M. Allen
- Donna Ford Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
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8
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Wang Y, Niu A, Pan Y, Cao S, Terker AS, Wang S, Fan X, Toth CL, Ramirez Solano MA, Michell DL, Contreras D, Allen RM, Zhu W, Sheng Q, Fogo AB, Vickers KC, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Profile of Podocyte Translatome During Development of Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy Using Podocyte-Specific TRAP mRNA RNA-seq. Diabetes 2021; 70:2377-2390. [PMID: 34233930 PMCID: PMC8576501 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is important in development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although several studies have reported single-cell-based RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of podocytes in type 1 DN (T1DN), the podocyte translating mRNA profile in type 2 DN (T2DN) has not previously been compared with that of T1DN. We analyzed the podocyte translatome in T2DN in podocin-Cre; Rosa26fsTRAP; eNOS-/-; db/db mice and compared it with that of streptozotocin-induced T1DN in podocin-Cre; Rosa26fsTRAP; eNOS-/- mice using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) and RNA-seq. More than 125 genes were highly enriched in the podocyte ribosome. More podocyte TRAP genes were differentially expressed in T2DN than in T1DN. TGF-β signaling pathway genes were upregulated, while MAPK pathway genes were downregulated only in T2DN, while ATP binding and cAMP-mediated signaling genes were downregulated only in T1DN. Genes regulating actin filament organization and apoptosis increased, while genes regulating VEGFR signaling and glomerular basement membrane components decreased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic podocytes. A number of diabetes-induced genes not previously linked to podocyte injury were confirmed in both mouse and human DN. On the basis of differences and similarities in the podocyte translatome in T2DN and T1DN, investigators can identify factors underlying the pathophysiology of DN and novel therapeutic targets to treat diabetes-induced podocyte injury.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Protein Biosynthesis/genetics
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteome/genetics
- Proteome/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Seq
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Streptozocin
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Shirong Cao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Andrew S Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Cynthia L Toth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Marisol A Ramirez Solano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Danielle Contreras
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
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9
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Abstract
PurposeThe academic community has warned that predatory journals may attempt to capitalize on the confusion caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to further publish low quality academic work, eroding the credibility of scholarly publishing.Design/methodology/approachThis article first chronicles the risks of predatory publishing, especially related to misinformation surrounding health research. Next, the author offers an empirical investigation of how predatory publishing has engaged with COVID-19, with an emphasis on journals related to virology, immunology and epidemiology as identified through Cabells' Predatory Reports, through a content analysis of publishers' websites and a comparison to a sample from DOAJ.FindingsThe empirical findings show that there were 162 titles related to these critical areas from journals listed on Cabells with a range of infractions, but most were defunct and only 39 had published on the pandemic. Compared to a DOAJ comparison group, the predatory journal websites were less likely to mention slowdowns to the peer review process related to the pandemic. Furthermore, another 284 predatory journals with COVID-19 engagement were uncovered from the initial exploration. These uncovered journals mostly centered on medical or biological science fields, while 42 titles came from other broader fields in social science, other STEM or humanities.Originality/valueThis study does not prove that predatory publications have released misinformation pertaining to COVID-19, but rather it exemplifies the potential within a complex academic publishing space. As these outlets have proven to be vectors of misleading science, libraries and the broader educational community need to stay vigilant as information intermediaries of online research.
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10
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Ormseth MJ, Wu Q, Zhao S, Allen RM, Solus J, Sheng Q, Guo Y, Ye F, Ramirez-Solano M, Bridges SL, Curtis JR, Vickers K, Stein CM. Circulating microbial small RNAs are altered in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1557-1564. [PMID: 32958509 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if plasma microbial small RNAs (sRNAs) are altered in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with control subjects, associated with RA disease-related features, and altered by disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). METHODS sRNA sequencing was performed on plasma from 165 patients with RA and 90 matched controls and a separate cohort of 70 patients with RA before and after starting a DMARD. Genome alignments for RA-associated bacteria, representative bacterial and fungal human microbiome genomes and environmental bacteria were performed. Microbial genome counts and individual sRNAs were compared across groups and correlated with disease features. False discovery rate was set at 0.05. RESULTS Genome counts of Lactobacillus salivarius, Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Paenisporosarcina spp, Facklamia hominis, Sphingobacterium spiritivorum, Lentibacillus amyloliquefaciens, Geobacillus spp, and Pseudomonas fluorescens were significantly decreased in the plasma of RA compared with control subjects. Three microbial transfer RNA-derived sRNAs were increased in RA versus controls and inversely associated with disease activity. Higher total microbial sRNA reads were associated with lower disease activity in RA. Baseline total microbial sRNAs were threefold higher among patients who improved with DMARD versus those who did not but did not change significantly after 6 months of treatment. CONCLUSION Plasma microbial sRNA composition is altered in RA versus control subjects and associated with some measures of RA disease activity. DMARD treatment does not alter microbial sRNA abundance or composition, but increased abundance of microbial sRNAs at baseline was associated with disease activity improvement at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Ormseth
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA .,Research & Development, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Nashville Campus, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qiong Wu
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph Solus
- Research & Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Research & Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Research & Development, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Research & Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - S Louis Bridges
- Research & Development, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Curtis
- Research & Development, University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kasey Vickers
- Research & Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - C Michael Stein
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Michell DL, Zhao S, Allen RM, Sheng Q, Vickers KC. Pervasive Small RNAs in Cardiometabolic Research: Great Potential Accompanied by Biological and Technical Barriers. Diabetes 2020; 69:813-822. [PMID: 32312897 PMCID: PMC7171967 DOI: 10.2337/dbi19-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in small RNA sequencing have revealed the enormous diversity of small noncoding RNA (sRNA) classes in mammalian cells. At this point, most investigators in diabetes are aware of the success of microRNA (miRNA) research and appreciate the importance of posttranscriptional gene regulation in glycemic control. Nevertheless, miRNAs are just one of multiple classes of sRNAs and likely represent only a minor fraction of sRNA sequences in a given cell. Despite the widespread appreciation of sRNAs, very little research into non-miRNA sRNA function has been completed, likely due to some major barriers that present unique challenges for study. To emphasize the importance of sRNA research in cardiometabolic diseases, we highlight the success of miRNAs and competitive endogenous RNAs in cholesterol and glucose metabolism. Moreover, we argue that sequencing studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are just the tip of the iceberg for sRNAs. We are likely standing at the precipice of immense discovery for novel sRNA-mediated gene regulation in cardiometabolic diseases. To realize this potential, we must first address critical barriers with an open mind and refrain from viewing non-miRNA sRNA function through the lens of miRNAs, as they likely have their own set of distinct regulatory factors and functional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Michell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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12
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Ormseth MJ, Solus JF, Sheng Q, Ye F, Song H, Wu Q, Guo Y, Oeser AM, Allen RM, Vickers KC, Stein CM. The Endogenous Plasma Small RNAome of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACR Open Rheumatol 2020; 2:97-105. [PMID: 31913579 PMCID: PMC7011423 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small RNA (sRNA) sequencing has revealed new sRNA classes beyond microRNAs (miRNAs). These sRNAs can regulate genes and act as biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine if the endogenous plasma sRNA landscape is altered in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with control subjects and to determine its association with disease-related parameters in RA. METHODS sRNA sequencing was performed on plasma from 165 RA and 90 control subjects who were frequency-matched for age, race, and sex. Endogenous sRNAs, such as miRNAs, isomiRs, sRNAs derived from small nuclear RNAs (snDRs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoDRs), Y RNAs (yDRs), transfer-derived RNAs (tDRs), long noncoding RNAs (lncDRs) as well as miscellaneous sRNAs (miscRNAs), were quantified using Tools for Integrative Genome analysis of Extracellular sRNAs (TIGER). Individual and categories of sRNAs were compared between RA and controls, and significantly altered sRNAs and sRNA categories were correlated with disease activity and general laboratory measures in RA. RESULTS Patients with RA had more miRNAs (1.42-fold, P = 0.01), more tDRs (1.14-fold, P = 0.04), and fewer yDRs (-1.41-fold, P = 0.009) compared with control subjects. Disease duration was inversely associated with yDRs. Disease-related parameters, such as Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28), swollen joint count, and inflammatory markers were significantly positively associated with tDRs and miscRNAs, and miR-22-3p and related sequences and isomiRs were most significantly associated with DAS28. CONCLUSION Endogenous plasma sRNAs are altered in RA compared with control subjects. Although individual miRNAs have been well studied and many are excellent biomarkers in RA, several non-miRNA sRNAs were significantly associated with disease-related parameters as classes and may represent novel biomarkers for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Ormseth
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph F Solus
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Fei Ye
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Haocan Song
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qiong Wu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yan Guo
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | | | - Ryan M Allen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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13
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Zaborowski MP, Cheah PS, Zhang X, Bushko I, Lee K, Sammarco A, Zappulli V, Maas SLN, Allen RM, Rumde P, György B, Aufiero M, Schweiger MW, Lai CPK, Weissleder R, Lee H, Vickers KC, Tannous BA, Breakefield XO. Membrane-bound Gaussia luciferase as a tool to track shedding of membrane proteins from the surface of extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17387. [PMID: 31758005 PMCID: PMC6874653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cells play a role in intercellular communication. Reporter and targeting proteins can be modified and exposed on the surface of EVs to investigate their half-life and biodistribution. A characterization of membrane-bound Gaussia luciferase (mbGluc) revealed that its signal was detected also in a form smaller than common EVs (<70 nm). We demonstrated that mbGluc initially exposed on the surface of EVs, likely undergoes proteolytic cleavage and processed fragments of the protein are released into the extracellular space in active form. Based on this observation, we developed a new assay to quantitatively track shedding of membrane proteins from the surface of EVs. We used this assay to show that ectodomain shedding in EVs is continuous and is mediated by specific proteases, e.g. metalloproteinases. Here, we present a novel tool to study membrane protein cleavage and release using both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Piotr Zaborowski
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isabella Bushko
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kyungheon Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Alessandro Sammarco
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sybren Lein Nikola Maas
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Purva Rumde
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bence György
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Aufiero
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Markus W Schweiger
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles Pin-Kuang Lai
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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14
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Murphree DH, Quest DJ, Allen RM, Ngufor C, Storlie CB. Deploying Predictive Models In A Healthcare Environment - An Open Source Approach. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2019; 2018:6112-6116. [PMID: 30441729 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite dramatic progress in the application of predictive modeling and data mining techniques to problems in modern medicine, a major challenge facing technical practitioners is that of delivering models to clinicians. We have developed an easily implementable framework for publishing predictive models written in R or Python in a way that allows them to be consumed by practically any downstream clinical application, as well as allowing them to be reused in a wide variety of environments without modification. The approach makes models available as web services embedded in containers and uses only open source technology. We provide a template, practical explanation and discussion of involved technologies for a model production framework. We currently use this framework to deliver a model for predicting readmission to hospital following discharge to skilled nursing facilities. The flexibility and simplicity of this methodology will allow it to be readily adopted at a wide variety of institutions. We also provide source code for an example model.
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15
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Plevris N, Chuah CS, Allen RM, Arnott ID, Brennan PN, Chaudhary S, Churchhouse AMD, Din S, Donoghue E, Gaya DR, Groome M, Jafferbhoy HM, Jenkinson PW, Lam WL, Lyons M, Macdonald JC, MacMaster M, Mowat C, Naismith GD, Potts LF, Saffouri E, Seenan JP, Sengupta A, Shasi P, Sutherland DI, Todd JA, Veryan J, Watson AJM, Watts DA, Jones GR, Lees CW. Real-world Effectiveness and Safety of Vedolizumab for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Scottish Vedolizumab Cohort. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:1111-1120. [PMID: 30768123 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vedolizumab is an anti-a4b7 monoclonal antibody that is licensed for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The aims of this study were to establish the real-world effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS This was a retrospective study involving seven NHS health boards in Scotland between June 2015 and November 2017. Inclusion criteria included: a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease with objective evidence of active inflammation at baseline (Harvey-Bradshaw Index[HBI] ≥5/Partial Mayo ≥2 plus C-reactive protein [CRP] >5 mg/L or faecal calprotectin ≥250 µg/g or inflammation on endoscopy/magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]); completion of induction; and at least one clinical follow-up by 12 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to establish 12-month cumulative rates of clinical remission, mucosal healing, and deep remission [clinical remission plus mucosal healing]. Rates of serious adverse events were described quantitatively. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 180 patients with ulcerative colitis and 260 with Crohn's disease. Combined median follow-up was 52 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 26-52 weeks). In ulcerative colitis, 12-month cumulative rates of clinical remission, mucosal healing, and deep remission were 57.4%, 47.3%, and 38.5%, respectively. In Crohn's disease, 12-month cumulative rates of clinical remission, mucosal healing, and deep remission were 58.4%, 38.9%, and 28.3% respectively. The serious adverse event rate was 15.6 per 100 patient-years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Vedolizumab is a safe and effective treatment for achieving both clinical remission and mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Plevris
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C S Chuah
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R M Allen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - I D Arnott
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P N Brennan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - S Chaudhary
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Hairmyres, East Kilbride, UK
| | | | - S Din
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Donoghue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, UK
| | - D R Gaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Groome
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - H M Jafferbhoy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, UK
| | - P W Jenkinson
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
| | - W L Lam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Lyons
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J C Macdonald
- Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M MacMaster
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Mowat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - G D Naismith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, UK
| | - L F Potts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
| | - E Saffouri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Seenan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Sengupta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, UK
| | - P Shasi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - D I Sutherland
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Hairmyres, East Kilbride, UK
| | - J A Todd
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - J Veryan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - A J M Watson
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
| | - D A Watts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, UK
| | - G R Jones
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C W Lees
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Ormseth MJ, Solus JF, Sheng Q, Ye F, Wu Q, Guo Y, Oeser AM, Allen RM, Vickers KC, Stein CM. Development and Validation of a MicroRNA Panel to Differentiate Between Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Controls. J Rheumatol 2019; 47:188-196. [PMID: 31092710 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA (miRNA) are short noncoding RNA that regulate genes and are both biomarkers and mediators of disease. We used small RNA (sRNA) sequencing and machine learning methodology to develop an miRNA panel to reliably differentiate between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and control subjects. METHODS Plasma samples from 167 RA and 91 control subjects who frequency-matched for age, race, and sex were used for sRNA sequencing. TIGER was used to analyze miRNA. DESeq2 and random forest analyses were used to identify a prioritized list of miRNA differentially expressed in patients with RA. Prioritized miRNA were validated by quantitative PCR, and lasso and logistic regression were used to select the final panel of 6 miRNA that best differentiated RA from controls. The panel was validated in a separate cohort of 12 SLE, 32 RA, and 32 control subjects. Panel efficacy was assessed by area under the receiver operative characteristic curve (AUC) analyses. RESULTS The final panel included miR-22-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-96-5p, miR-134-5p, miR-140-3p, and miR-627-5p. The panel differentiated RA from control subjects in discovery (AUC = 0.81) and validation cohorts (AUC = 0.71), seronegative RA (AUC = 0.84), RA remission (AUC = 0.85), and patients with SLE (AUC = 0.80) versus controls. Pathway analysis showed upstream regulators and targets of panel miRNA are associated with pathways implicated in RA pathogenesis. CONCLUSION An miRNA panel identified by a bioinformatic approach differentiated between RA or SLE patients and control subjects. The panel may represent an autoimmunity signature, perhaps related to inflammatory arthritis, which is not dependent on active disease or seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Ormseth
- From the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. .,M.J. Ormseth, MD, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Sheng, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; F. Ye, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Wu, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Y. Guo, PhD, Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico; A.M. Oeser, BA, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; R.M. Allen, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; K.C. Vickers, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; C.M. Stein, MBChB, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
| | - Joseph F Solus
- From the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,M.J. Ormseth, MD, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Sheng, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; F. Ye, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Wu, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Y. Guo, PhD, Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico; A.M. Oeser, BA, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; R.M. Allen, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; K.C. Vickers, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; C.M. Stein, MBChB, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- From the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,M.J. Ormseth, MD, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Sheng, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; F. Ye, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Wu, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Y. Guo, PhD, Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico; A.M. Oeser, BA, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; R.M. Allen, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; K.C. Vickers, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; C.M. Stein, MBChB, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Fei Ye
- From the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,M.J. Ormseth, MD, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Sheng, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; F. Ye, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Wu, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Y. Guo, PhD, Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico; A.M. Oeser, BA, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; R.M. Allen, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; K.C. Vickers, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; C.M. Stein, MBChB, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Qiong Wu
- From the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,M.J. Ormseth, MD, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Sheng, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; F. Ye, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Wu, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Y. Guo, PhD, Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico; A.M. Oeser, BA, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; R.M. Allen, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; K.C. Vickers, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; C.M. Stein, MBChB, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Yan Guo
- From the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,M.J. Ormseth, MD, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Sheng, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; F. Ye, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Wu, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Y. Guo, PhD, Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico; A.M. Oeser, BA, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; R.M. Allen, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; K.C. Vickers, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; C.M. Stein, MBChB, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Annette M Oeser
- From the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,M.J. Ormseth, MD, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Sheng, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; F. Ye, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Wu, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Y. Guo, PhD, Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico; A.M. Oeser, BA, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; R.M. Allen, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; K.C. Vickers, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; C.M. Stein, MBChB, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Ryan M Allen
- From the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,M.J. Ormseth, MD, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Sheng, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; F. Ye, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Wu, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Y. Guo, PhD, Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico; A.M. Oeser, BA, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; R.M. Allen, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; K.C. Vickers, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; C.M. Stein, MBChB, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- From the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,M.J. Ormseth, MD, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Sheng, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; F. Ye, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Wu, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Y. Guo, PhD, Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico; A.M. Oeser, BA, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; R.M. Allen, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; K.C. Vickers, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; C.M. Stein, MBChB, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - C Michael Stein
- From the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,M.J. Ormseth, MD, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Sheng, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; F. Ye, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Q. Wu, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Y. Guo, PhD, Department of Bioinformatics, University of New Mexico; A.M. Oeser, BA, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; R.M. Allen, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; K.C. Vickers, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; C.M. Stein, MBChB, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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17
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Zhang Q, Higginbotham JN, Jeppesen DK, Yang YP, Li W, McKinley ET, Graves-Deal R, Ping J, Britain CM, Dorsett KA, Hartman CL, Ford DA, Allen RM, Vickers KC, Liu Q, Franklin JL, Bellis SL, Coffey RJ. Transfer of Functional Cargo in Exomeres. Cell Rep 2019; 27:940-954.e6. [PMID: 30956133 PMCID: PMC6559347 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exomeres are a recently discovered type of extracellular nanoparticle with no known biological function. Herein, we describe a simple ultracentrifugation-based method for separation of exomeres from exosomes. Exomeres are enriched in Argonaute 1-3 and amyloid precursor protein. We identify distinct functions of exomeres mediated by two of their cargo, the β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal-I) that α2,6- sialylates N-glycans, and the EGFR ligand, amphiregulin (AREG). Functional ST6Gal-I in exomeres can be transferred to cells, resulting in hypersialylation of recipient cell-surface proteins including β1-integrin. AREG-containing exomeres elicit prolonged EGFR and downstream signaling in recipient cells, modulate EGFR trafficking in normal intestinal organoids, and dramatically enhance the growth of colonic tumor organoids. This study provides a simplified method of exomere isolation and demonstrates that exomeres contain and can transfer functional cargo. These findings underscore the heterogeneity of nanoparticles and should accelerate advances in determining the composition and biological functions of exomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dennis K Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ramona Graves-Deal
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Britain
- Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Dorsett
- Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Celine L Hartman
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Department of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University, TN 37212, USA
| | - Susan L Bellis
- Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University, TN 37212, USA.
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18
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Sedgeman LR, Beysen C, Allen RM, Ramirez Solano MA, Turner SM, Vickers KC. Intestinal bile acid sequestration improves glucose control by stimulating hepatic miR-182-5p in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G810-G823. [PMID: 30160993 PMCID: PMC6415711 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00238.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colesevelam is a bile acid sequestrant approved to treat both hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes, but the mechanism for its glucose-lowering effects is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of hepatic microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of metabolic disease and to investigate the link between the cholesterol and glucose-lowering effects of colesevelam. To quantify the impact of colesevelam treatment in rodent models of diabetes, metabolic studies were performed in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and db/db mice. Colesevelam treatments significantly decreased plasma glucose levels and increased glycolysis in the absence of changes to insulin levels in ZDF rats and db/db mice. High-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR were used to quantify hepatic miRNA and mRNA changes, and the cholesterol-sensitive miR-96/182/183 cluster was found to be significantly increased in livers from ZDF rats treated with colesevelam compared with vehicle controls. Inhibition of miR-182 in vivo attenuated colesevelam-mediated improvements to glycemic control in db/db mice. Hepatic expression of mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1), a nuclear receptor coactivator, was significantly decreased with colesevelam treatments in db/db mice, and MED1 was experimentally validated to be a direct target of miR-96/182/183 in humans and mice. In summary, these results support that colesevelam likely improves glycemic control through hepatic miR-182-5p, a mechanism that directly links cholesterol and glucose metabolism. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Colesevelam lowers systemic glucose levels in Zucker diabetic fatty rats and db/db mice and increases hepatic levels of the sterol response element binding protein 2-responsive microRNA cluster miR-96/182/183. Inhibition of miR-182 in vivo reverses the glucose-lowering effects of colesevelam in db/db mice. Mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1) is a novel, direct target of the miR-96/182/183 cluster in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R. Sedgeman
- 1Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Ryan M. Allen
- 3Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Kasey C. Vickers
- 1Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee,3Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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19
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Allen RM, Zhao S, Ramirez Solano MA, Zhu W, Michell DL, Wang Y, Shyr Y, Sethupathy P, Linton MF, Graf GA, Sheng Q, Vickers KC. Bioinformatic analysis of endogenous and exogenous small RNAs on lipoproteins. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1506198. [PMID: 30128086 PMCID: PMC6095027 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1506198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To comprehensively study extracellular small RNAs (sRNA) by sequencing (sRNA-seq), we developed a novel pipeline to overcome current limitations in analysis entitled, “Tools for Integrative Genome analysis of Extracellular sRNAs (TIGER)”. To demonstrate the power of this tool, sRNA-seq was performed on mouse lipoproteins, bile, urine and livers. A key advance for the TIGER pipeline is the ability to analyse both host and non-host sRNAs at genomic, parent RNA and individual fragment levels. TIGER was able to identify approximately 60% of sRNAs on lipoproteins and >85% of sRNAs in liver, bile and urine, a significant advance compared to existing software. Moreover, TIGER facilitated the comparison of lipoprotein sRNA signatures to disparate sample types at each level using hierarchical clustering, correlations, beta-dispersions, principal coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. TIGER analysis was also used to quantify distinct features of exRNAs, including 5ʹ miRNA variants, 3ʹ miRNA non-templated additions and parent RNA positional coverage. Results suggest that the majority of sRNAs on lipoproteins are non-host sRNAs derived from bacterial sources in the microbiome and environment, specifically rRNA-derived sRNAs from Proteobacteria. Collectively, TIGER facilitated novel discoveries of lipoprotein and biofluid sRNAs and has tremendous applicability for the field of extracellular RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Wanying Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregory A Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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20
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Allen RM, Scipione CA, Koschinsky ML, Vickers KC. Lipoprotein(a) Transports Diverse Host and Non-Host Small RNAs in Circulation. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2018.04.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Allen RM, Zhao S, Ramirez-Solano MA, Zhu W, Richmond BW, Blackwell T, Sheng Q, Vickers KC. Abstract 576: LDL-Trafficked Small RNAs Promote Atherosclerosis through TLR Signaling in Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and despite resounding success in lipid management to reduce cardiovascular events, most heart attacks in the US occur in patients with clinically normal LDL-C levels. The next generation of therapies for cardiovascular disease (CVD) will include inflammation-based targets; however, systemic immune suppression has limitations. Thus, the critical barrier for successful targeting of inflammation in CVD is the identification of vascular ligands that drive immune cell activation. Previously, we demonstrated that low-density lipoproteins (LDL) transport microRNAs. Here, we report that LDL traffic a wide-diversity of small non-coding RNAs (sRNA) in circulation, many of which are derived from exogenous species, e.g. bacteria and fungi. Moreover, using high-throughput sRNA sequencing, we found that LDL-sRNA signatures are influenced primarily by environmental microbiota, as opposed to commensal bacteria in the gut microbiome. Using a mouse model of compromised mucosal immunity, we identified a process by which LDL accumulates bacterial sRNAs. Next, we demonstrated that native LDL potently stimulated cytokine release from macrophages through activation of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)-sensing toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, which was blunted by partial silencing of ssRNA-sensing TLRs in macrophages. Most importantly, preliminary results in mice suggest that targeting ssRNA-sensing TLRs is a potential strategy to suppress atherosclerosis. Taken together, we put forth a novel paradigm in which, LDL scavenge microbial sRNAs to promote clearance during health, yet serve as TLR-ligands that propagate macrophage inflammation in hypercholesterolemia, which likely contributes to the underlying inflammation in the pathogenesis of CVD.
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22
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Allen RM, Ramirez-Solano MA, Zhu W, Zhao S, Sheng Q, Vickers K, Linton M. Abstract 229: Mucosal Immunity Shapes the Lipoprotein Small-RNA Fingerprint from Commensal, Dietary and Environmental Microbiota. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.37.suppl_1.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in developed countries and is a frequent comorbidity of numerous metabolic and inflammatory diseases that demands more effective therapies. Dyslipidemias are a classical risk factor for CVD, but emerging alternative functions of lipoproteins have implicated them in novel narratives for the pathophysiology of many diseases that warrant further study. Our lab has identified functional, intercellular gene regulatory networks mediated by extracellular transport of microRNAs (miRNA) by lipoproteins. Here, we quantified the landscape of small RNAs (sRNA) on human and animal lipoproteins and discovered that most lipoprotein-sRNAs are derived from microorganisms of multiple kingdoms, primarily bacteria. Based on these observations, our over-arching hypothesis is that lipoprotein-sRNA signatures are shaped by the interface of host tissues with resident, environmental and dietary microbiota, and likely participate in unique gene regulation networks that contribute to complex (patho)physiological traits. To investigate this hypothesis, we developed a sRNA-sequencing analysis pipeline that identifies and quantifies both host and non-host sRNAs. Using this bioinformatic tool, we identified and validated a number of lipoprotein-sRNAs derived from bacteria that are similar in size to miRNAs with identical seed regions, termed Doppelganger (Dopl)-miRNAs. We hypothesized that mucosal immunity contributes to non-host sRNAs on lipoproteins, as mucosal linings are a primary interface between host tissues and microorganisms. To this end, we investigated the lipoprotein-sRNAs of mice lacking the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR
-/-
), which is devoid of polymeric IgA and IgM at mucosal linings and models human respiratory and intestinal diseases. We report a global increase in lipoprotein-miRNAs juxtaposed with a profound decrease in bacterial sRNA and Dopl-miRNAs from specific taxa. This work unfurls novel links between microbiota, mucosal immunity, and lipoprotein-sRNA gene networks and emphasizes the potential for novel nucleic-acid based therapeutics.
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23
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de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Lee E, Merriott DJ, Goulbourne CN, Cheng J, Cheng A, Gonen A, Allen RM, Palladino END, Ford DA, Wang T, Baldán Á, Tarling EJ. ABCG1 regulates pulmonary surfactant metabolism in mice and men. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:941-954. [PMID: 28264879 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m075101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterized by accumulation of surfactant. Surfactant synthesis and secretion are restricted to epithelial type 2 (T2) pneumocytes (also called T2 cells). Clearance of surfactant is dependent upon T2 cells and macrophages. ABCG1 is highly expressed in both T2 cells and macrophages. ABCG1-deficient mice accumulate surfactant, lamellar body-loaded T2 cells, lipid-loaded macrophages, B-1 lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins, clearly demonstrating that ABCG1 has a critical role in pulmonary homeostasis. We identify a variant in the ABCG1 promoter in patients with PAP that results in impaired activation of ABCG1 by the liver X receptor α, suggesting that ABCG1 basal expression and/or induction in response to sterol/lipid loading is essential for normal lung function. We generated mice lacking ABCG1 specifically in either T2 cells or macrophages to determine the relative contribution of these cell types on surfactant lipid homeostasis. These results establish a critical role for T2 cell ABCG1 in controlling surfactant and overall lipid homeostasis in the lung and in the pathogenesis of human lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Elinor Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - David J Merriott
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | | - Joan Cheng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Angela Cheng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Elisa N D Palladino
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Tisha Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ángel Baldán
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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24
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Michell DL, Allen RM, Landstreet SR, Zhao S, Toth CL, Sheng Q, Vickers KC. Isolation of High-density Lipoproteins for Non-coding Small RNA Quantification. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27929461 DOI: 10.3791/54488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of small non-coding RNAs (sRNA) is rapidly expanding and their roles in biological processes, including gene regulation, are emerging. Most interestingly, sRNAs are also found outside of cells and are stably present in all biological fluids. As such, extracellular sRNAs represent a novel class of disease biomarkers and are likely involved in cell signaling and intercellular communication networks. To assess their potential as biomarkers, sRNAs can be quantified in plasma, urine, and other fluids. Nevertheless, to fully understand the impact of extracellular sRNAs as endocrine signals, it is important to determine which carriers are transporting and protecting them in biological fluids (e.g., plasma), which cells and tissues contribute to extracellular sRNA pools, and cells and tissues capable of accepting and utilizing extracellular sRNA. To accomplish these goals, it is critical to isolate highly pure populations of extracellular carriers for sRNA profiling and quantification. We have previously demonstrated that lipoproteins, particularly high-density lipoproteins (HDL), transport functional microRNAs (miRNA) between cells and HDL-miRNAs are significantly altered in disease. Here, we detail a new protocol that utilizes tandem HDL isolation with density-gradient ultracentrifugation (DGUC) and fast-protein-liquid chromatography (FPLC) to obtain highly pure HDL for downstream profiling and quantification of all sRNAs, including miRNAs, using both high-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR approaches. This protocol will be a valuable resource for the investigation of sRNAs on HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | | | - Shilin Zhao
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Cynthia L Toth
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine;
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25
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Allen RM, Zhao S, Sheng Q, Linton MF, Vickers KC. Abstract 537: Lipoproteins Transport Functional Non-human Small RNAs that Regulate Gene Networks Spanning Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant health and financial burden to our society that demands new and more effective therapies. Although dyslipidemias are primary risk factors for CVD, alternative lipoprotein functions also contribute to CVD and warrant greater understanding. We have found that high-density lipoproteins (HDL) transport microRNAs (miRNA) in circulation and HDL-miRNA signatures are significantly altered in hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Moreover, we found that HDL transfers extracellular miRNAs to recipient cells where they regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional repression of mRNA targets. We used high-throughput small RNA (sRNA) sequencing to identify and quantify miRNAs and novel sRNAs on HDL and other lipoproteins. Most interestingly, we found that the majority of sRNAs on lipoproteins are likely derived from non-human organisms of multiple kingdoms. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that human and non-human sRNAs on lipoproteins are unique regulators of gene networks that contribute to the complex pathophysiology of CVD. To assess this hypothesis, highly pure lipoproteins (HDL, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)) were isolated from plasma of hypercholesterolemic (heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, n=9) and healthy (n=7) subjects. We found that HDL, LDL, and VLDL each transport unique sRNA signatures, which are differentially altered in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Using a human tissue library, we identified tissues that likely take up non-human sRNAs. We also found that each class of lipoprotein is capable of transferring non-human sRNAs to multiple cell types, and that transfer efficiency is altered in hypercholesterolemia. Lastly, using a combination of in vitro over-expression and locked-nucleic-acid inhibition for candidate, lipoprotein-enriched, non-human sRNAs, we have discovered novel regulatory networks for critical genes in inflammation and lipid metabolism. This work demonstrates that lipoprotein transport of endogenous and exogenous sRNAs likely have complex roles in the progression and resolution of CVD and are a source of untapped potential for nucleic-acid based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Cntr for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Dept of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
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Goedeke L, Salerno A, Ramírez CM, Guo L, Allen RM, Yin X, Langley SR, Esau C, Wanschel A, Fisher EA, Suárez Y, Baldán A, Mayr M, Fernández-Hernando C. Long-term therapeutic silencing of miR-33 increases circulating triglyceride levels and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:1133-41. [PMID: 25038053 PMCID: PMC4197861 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels show a strong inverse correlation with atherosclerotic vascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that antagonism of miR-33 in vivo increases circulating HDL and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), thereby reducing the progression and enhancing the regression of atherosclerosis. While the efficacy of short-term anti-miR-33 treatment has been previously studied, the long-term effect of miR-33 antagonism in vivo remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that long-term therapeutic silencing of miR-33 increases circulating triglyceride (TG) levels and lipid accumulation in the liver. These adverse effects were only found when mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Mechanistically, we demonstrate that chronic inhibition of miR-33 increases the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the livers of mice treated with miR-33 antisense oligonucleotides. We also report that anti-miR-33 therapy enhances the expression of nuclear transcription Y subunit gamma (NFYC), a transcriptional regulator required for DNA binding and full transcriptional activation of SREBP-responsive genes, including ACC and FAS. Taken together, these results suggest that persistent inhibition of miR-33 when mice are fed a high-fat diet (HFD) might cause deleterious effects such as moderate hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia. These unexpected findings highlight the importance of assessing the effect of chronic inhibition of miR-33 in non-human primates before we can translate this therapy to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Goedeke
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Salerno
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristina M Ramírez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah R Langley
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Amarylis Wanschel
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angel Baldán
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Kaseda R, Jabs K, Hunley TE, Jones D, Bian A, Allen RM, Vickers KC, Yancey PG, Linton MF, Fazio S, Kon V. Dysfunctional high-density lipoproteins in children with chronic kidney disease. Metabolism 2015; 64:263-73. [PMID: 25467845 PMCID: PMC4277938 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine if chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurring in childhood impairs the normally vasoprotective functions of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). MATERIALS AND METHODS HDLs were isolated from children with end-stage renal disease on dialysis (ESRD), children with moderate CKD and controls with normal kidney function. Macrophage response to HDLs was studied as expression of inflammatory markers (MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β) and chemotaxis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used for expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) and adhesion. Cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and necrosis of endothelial cells were measured by MTS/PMS reagent-based assay, flow cytometry, and ELISA. Cholesterol efflux was assessed by gas chromatographic measurements of cholesterol in macrophages exposed to HDLs. RESULTS Compared with HDL(Control), HDL(CKD) and HDL(ESRD) heightened the cytokine response and disrupted macrophage chemotaxis. HDL(Control) reduced endothelial expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, whereas HDL(CKD) and HDL(ESRD) were less effective and showed reduced capacity to protect endothelial cells against monocyte adhesion. Compared with a dramatically enhanced endothelial proliferation following injurious stimulus by HDL(Control), neither HDL(CKD) nor HDL(ESRD) caused proliferative effects. HDLs of all three groups were equally protective against apoptosis assessed by flow cytometry and cleaved caspase-3 activity. Compared to HDL(Control), HDL(CKD) and HDL(ESRD) trended toward reduced capacity as cholesterol acceptors. CONCLUSION CKD in children impairs HDL function. Even in the absence of long-standing and concomitant risk factors, CKD alters specific HDL functions linked to control of inflammation and endothelial responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Apoptosis
- Biological Transport
- Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cholesterol/blood
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Infant
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology
- Lipoproteins, HDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Risk Factors
- Severity of Illness Index
- Tennessee/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kaseda
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kathy Jabs
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Tracy E Hunley
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Deborah Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Aihua Bian
- Department of Statistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Allen
- From the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- From the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
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Abstract
RATIONALE Several reports suggest that antisense oligonucleotides against miR-33 might reduce cardiovascular risk in patients by accelerating the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. However, conflicting reports exist about the impact of anti-miR-33 therapy on the levels of very low-density lipoprotein-triglycerides (VLDL-TAG). OBJECTIVE We test the hypothesis that miR-33 controls hepatic VLDL-TAG secretion. METHODS AND RESULTS Using therapeutic silencing of miR-33 and adenoviral overexpression of miR-33, we show that miR-33 limits hepatic secretion of VLDL-TAG by targeting N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), both in vivo and in primary hepatocytes. We identify conserved sequences in the 3'UTR of NSF as miR-33 responsive elements and show that Nsf is specifically recruited to the RNA-induced silencing complex following induction of miR-33. In pulse-chase experiments, either miR-33 overexpression or knock-down of Nsf lead to decreased secretion of apolipoproteins and TAG in primary hepatocytes, compared with control cells. Importantly, Nsf rescues miR-33-dependent reduced secretion. Finally, we show that overexpression of Nsf in vivo increases global hepatic secretion and raises plasma VLDL-TAG. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data reveal key roles for the miR-33-NSF axis during hepatic secretion and suggest that caution should be taken with anti-miR-33-based therapies because they might raise proatherogenic VLDL-TAG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Allen
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.M.A., T.J.M., J.J.J, A.B.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research (R.M.A., T.J.M., A.B.), St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tyler J Marquart
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.M.A., T.J.M., J.J.J, A.B.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research (R.M.A., T.J.M., A.B.), St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jordan J Jesse
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.M.A., T.J.M., J.J.J, A.B.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research (R.M.A., T.J.M., A.B.), St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Angel Baldán
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.M.A., T.J.M., J.J.J, A.B.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research (R.M.A., T.J.M., A.B.), St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO.
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30
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Pauta M, Rotllan N, Vales F, Allen RM, Ford DA, Marí M, Jiménez W, Baldán Á, Morales-Ruiz M, Fernández-Hernando C, Fernández-Hernando C. Impaired liver regeneration in Ldlr-/- mice is associated with an altered hepatic profile of cytokines, growth factors, and lipids. J Hepatol 2013; 59:731-7. [PMID: 23712050 PMCID: PMC4145584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is widely recognized that in the early stages of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, the hepatocytes accumulate a significant amount of lipids. The functional meaning of this transient steatosis and its effect on hepatocellular proliferation are not well defined. In addition, the basic mechanisms of this lipid accumulation are not well understood although some studies suggest the participation of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (Ldlr). METHODS To address these questions, we studied the process of liver regeneration in Ldlr null mice and wild type mice following partial hepatectomy. RESULTS Ldlr deficiency was associated with a significant decrease in serum albumin concentration, during early stages of liver regeneration, and a delayed hepatic regeneration. Remnant livers of Ldlr(-)(/)(-) showed a time-shifted expression of interleukin-6 (IL6) and a defective activation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression in early phases of liver regeneration. Unexpectedly, Ldlr(-)(/)(-) showed no significant differences in the content of lipid droplets after partial hepatectomy compared to wild type mice. However, lipidomic analysis of the regenerating liver from Ldlr(-)(/)(-) revealed a lipid profile compatible with liver quiescence: high content of cholesterol esters and ceramide, and low levels of phosphatidylcholine. CONCLUSIONS Ldlr deficiency is associated with significant changes in the hepatic lipidome that affect cytokine-growth factor signaling and impair liver regeneration. These results suggest that the analysis of the hepatic lipidome may help predict the success of liver regeneration in the clinical environment, specifically in the context of pre-existing liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Pauta
- Centro Esther Koplowitz, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Departments of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, and Cell Biology and the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frances Vales
- Departments of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, and Cell Biology and the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan M. Allen
- EdwardA. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A. Ford
- EdwardA. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, Liver Unit-Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Centro Esther Koplowitz, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Baldán
- EdwardA. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Centro Esther Koplowitz, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Departments of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, and Cell Biology and the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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31
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Allen RM, Marquart TJ, Albert CJ, Suchy FJ, Wang DQH, Ananthanarayanan M, Ford DA, Baldán A. miR-33 controls the expression of biliary transporters, and mediates statin- and diet-induced hepatotoxicity. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:882-95. [PMID: 22767443 PMCID: PMC3491822 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile secretion is essential for whole body sterol homeostasis. Loss-of-function mutations in specific canalicular transporters in the hepatocyte disrupt bile flow and result in cholestasis. We show that two of these transporters, ABCB11 and ATP8B1, are functional targets of miR-33, a micro-RNA that is expressed from within an intron of SREBP-2. Consequently, manipulation of miR-33 levels in vivo with adenovirus or with antisense oligonucleotides results in changes in bile secretion and bile recovery from the gallbladder. Using radiolabelled cholesterol, we show that systemic silencing of miR-33 leads to increased sterols in bile and enhanced reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. Finally, we report that simvastatin causes, in a dose-dependent manner, profound hepatotoxicity and lethality in mice fed a lithogenic diet. These latter results are reminiscent of the recurrent cholestasis found in some patients prescribed statins. Importantly, pretreatment of mice with anti-miR-33 oligonucleotides rescues the hepatotoxic phenotype. Therefore, we conclude that miR-33 mediates some of the undesired, hepatotoxic effects of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Allen
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA
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32
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Cirera-Salinas D, Pauta M, Allen RM, Salerno AG, Ramírez CM, Chamorro-Jorganes A, Wanschel AC, Lasuncion MA, Morales-Ruiz M, Suarez Y, Baldan Á, Esplugues E, Fernández-Hernando C. Mir-33 regulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:922-33. [PMID: 22333591 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.5.19421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated at the cellular level and is essential for cellular growth. microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs, have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression, acting predominantly at posttranscriptional level. Recent work from our group and others has shown that hsa-miR-33a and hsa-miR-33b, miRNAs located within intronic sequences of the Srebp genes, regulate cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism in concert with their host genes. Here, we show that hsa-miR-33 family members modulate the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation. MiR-33 inhibits the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and cyclin D1 (CCND1), thereby reducing cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Overexpression of miR-33 induces a significant G 1 cell cycle arrest in Huh7 and A549 cell lines. Most importantly, inhibition of miR-33 expression using 2'fluoro/methoxyethyl-modified (2'F/MOE-modified) phosphorothioate backbone antisense oligonucleotides improves liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice, suggesting an important role for miR-33 in regulating hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. Altogether, these results suggest that Srebp/miR-33 locus may cooperate to regulate cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and may also be relevant to human liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cirera-Salinas
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology and Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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33
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Stockley JM, Allen RM, Thomlinson DF, Constantine CE. A district general hospital's method of post-operative infection surveillance including post-discharge follow-up, developed over a five-year period. J Hosp Infect 2001; 49:48-54. [PMID: 11516186 DOI: 10.1053/jhin.2001.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on a post-operative infection surveillance system which includes post-discharge follow-up, developed over five years in a district general hospital in the West Midlands, UK. The methods used for following up 667 patients undergoing one of five representative surgical procedures are described. Emergency, elective and day-case procedures are included. A combination of healthcare worker questionnaire, telephone calls and patient questionnaire gave a follow-up rate of 92.7%. The system took infection control staff an average of 40 min per patient (30 min inpatient assessment, 10 min post-discharge). Almost half (48%) of surgical site infections were diagnosed after discharge from hospital. The system worked equally well when conducted as part of the UK Nosocomial Infection National Surveillance Scheme (NINSS), or as in-house projects. It is likely that the system could be used in other areas with similar population characteristics and support from local general practitioners working in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Stockley
- Department of Microbiology, Worcester Royal Infirmary, Castle Street, Worcester, WR1 3AS, UK.
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Allen RM, Dykstra LA. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists potentiate the antinociceptive effects of morphine in squirrel monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 298:288-97. [PMID: 11408554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from rodent antinociception models indicate that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists do not produce antinociception alone or potentiate morphine antinociception, but do attenuate the development of morphine tolerance. This study examined the antinociceptive effects of the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine, the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist (-)-6-phosphonomethyl-decahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (LY235959), and the glycine-site antagonist (+)-(1-hydroxy-3-aminopyrrolidine-2-one) [(+)-HA-966], alone and in combination with morphine in a squirrel monkey titration procedure. In this procedure, shock (delivered to the tail) increased in intensity every 15 s from 0.01 to 2.0 mA in 30 increments. Five lever presses during any given 15-s shock period produced a 15-s shock-free period after which shock resumed at the next lower intensity. Morphine (0.3-3.0 mg/kg i.m.) dose-dependently increased the intensity below which monkeys maintained shock 50% of the time (median shock level; MSL). In contrast, dizocilpine (0.003-0.1 mg/kg i.m.) produced only modest increases in MSL in some monkeys (three of five) at the highest dose tested. Neither LY235959 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg i.m.) or (+)-HA-966 (10-56 mg/kg i.m.) increased MSL in any monkey tested. Dizocilpine, LY235959, and (+)-HA-966, when administered in combination with doses of morphine (1.0 mg/kg, 1.7 mg/kg) that either produced no antinociception or produced very little antinociception, were all found to dose-dependently potentiate the antinociceptive effect of morphine. Importantly, although these NMDA antagonists in combination with morphine produced marked increases in MSL, these combinations did not alter response rate, demonstrating that the potentiation was not due to nonspecific motor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Allen
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3270, USA
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35
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Mulkey OA, Allen RM. A private/state/federal cooperative venture for training home care workers. Pride Inst J Long Term Home Health Care 2001; 7:36-8. [PMID: 10290997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Allen RM, Dykstra LA. Attenuation of mu-opioid tolerance and cross-tolerance by the competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist LY235959 is related to tolerance and cross-tolerance magnitude. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000; 295:1012-21. [PMID: 11082436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although NMDA receptor antagonists attenuate the development of morphine tolerance, it is not clear whether NMDA receptor antagonists also prevent tolerance and cross-tolerance to other mu-opioid agonists and, if so, whether prevention is related to the efficacy of the agonist used to examine tolerance. A rat tail-withdrawal procedure was used to test the antinociceptive effects of the mu-opioids etorphine, morphine, and dezocine before and after twice-daily subcutaneous injections with either 0. 003 mg/kg etorphine, 10 mg/kg morphine, or 3.0 mg/kg dezocine, each administered alone or in combination with 3.0 mg/kg of the competitive NMDA antagonist LY235959. After chronic etorphine, the etorphine, morphine, and dezocine curves were shifted rightward 1.0-, 2.2-, and 3.4-fold, respectively. LY235959 prevented cross-tolerance to morphine and dezocine. After chronic morphine, the etorphine and morphine curves were shifted rightward 2.5- and 2. 9-fold, respectively, and the dezocine curve was flattened. LY235959 prevented morphine tolerance and cross-tolerance to etorphine and reduced the magnitude of cross-tolerance to dezocine. After chronic dezocine, the etorphine, morphine, and dezocine curves were shifted rightward 4.1-, 3.5-, and 9.6-fold, respectively. LY235959 did not prevent but reduced the magnitude of tolerance and cross-tolerance. In a separate experiment, the following rank order of efficacy was determined from the magnitudes of rightward shift in each dose-effect curve after administration of 1.0 mg/kg of the irreversible antagonist clocinnamox: etorphine > morphine > dezocine. These data show that differences in tolerance magnitude are related to opioid efficacy and that attenuation of mu-opioid tolerance and cross-tolerance by LY235959 depends upon the magnitude of opioid tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Allen
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3270, USA.
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39
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Allen RM, Abdulwadud OA, Jones MP, Abramson M, Walters H. A reliable and valid asthma general knowledge questionnaire useful in the training of asthma educators. Patient Educ Couns 2000; 39:237-242. [PMID: 11040723 DOI: 10.1016/s0738-3991(99)00051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using the responses of 115 adults attending an asthma educator training course, the Asthma General Knowledge Questionnaire for Adults (AGKQA) was found to be an acceptably valid and reliable measure for assessing knowledge related to the management of asthma by adults. Content and face validity: expert assessors considered the AGKQA to be a relevant and plausible test of the asthma general knowledge content of the programme. Criterion-related validity: the pretraining scores of educators were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those of adults with no experience of asthma; total scores for the AGKQA and an asthma knowledge questionnaire developed for parents of children with asthma correlated strongly, 0.72. Test-retest reproducibility: the Spearman rank correlation for the test-retest score was 0.72 (P < 0.02), kappas for concordance of item responses were moderate to very good for two thirds of the items. Internal consistency for the total scale was also acceptable, KR20 0.66.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Allen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
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40
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Abstract
RATIONALE Current research shows that N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists attenuate the development of morphine tolerance in rodent antinociceptive assays. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the role of morphine maintenance dose in the attenuation of morphine tolerance by the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, LY235959. METHODS A rat warm-water tail-withdrawal procedure was used to measure the antinociceptive effects of morphine and LY235959. In this procedure, the distal 8 cm of each rat's tail is immersed in 40 degrees (non-noxious) and 55 degrees C (noxious) water, and the latency to remove the tail is recorded. RESULTS Morphine (0.3-10 mg/kg, SC) produced dose-dependent increases in tail-withdrawal latencies from the 55 degrees C water. Following determination of the morphine dose-effect curves, rats were administered chronically one of three doses of morphine (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg) either alone or in combination with LY235959 (1.0, 3.0, or 5.6 mg/kg, SC) twice daily for 7 days. Chronic administration of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg morphine produced rightward shifts in the morphine dose-effect curves of approximately 3-, 6-, and 12-fold, respectively. When LY235959 (1.0-5.6 mg/kg) was co-administered with 10 mg/kg morphine, the development of morphine tolerance was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner, with complete prevention observed following 3.0 mg/kg LY235959. LY235959 (1.0, 3.0 mg/kg) also attenuated the development of tolerance to 20 and 40 mg/kg morphine; however, tolerance was not completely prevented. Administering 3.0 mg/kg LY235959 along with 20 and 40 mg/kg morphine was functionally equivalent to treating rats with half the amount of morphine. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the maintenance dose of morphine, and thus the magnitude of tolerance, can determine the effectiveness of an NMDA receptor antagonist to attenuate morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Allen
- Department of Psychology, CB# 3270, Davie Hall, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA.
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Picker MJ, Allen RM, Morgan D, Levine AS, O'Hare E, Cleary JP. Effects of neuropeptide Y on the discriminative stimulus and antinociceptive properties of morphine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1999; 64:161-4. [PMID: 10495011 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous research indicates that opioid receptor blockade diminishes the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on feeding and memory. Conversely, NPY attenuates naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal. The present study evaluated the effects of NPY on the discriminative stimulus and antinociceptive effects produced by the prototypical mu opioid, morphine. Rats were trained to discriminate 5.6 mg/kg morphine (IP) from saline using a standard two-lever, food-reinforced, drug discrimination procedure. Across a range of doses (3.0, 5.0, and 10 microg), intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NPY failed to substitute for, antagonize, or potentiate the discriminative stimulus effects of morphine. A warm-water tail-withdrawal procedure was used to examine the antinociceptive effects of morphine and NPY, alone and in combination. NPY (3.0 and 10 microg, ICV) failed to alter tail-withdrawal latencies from 52 degrees and 56 degrees C water, whereas morphine (1.0-30 mg/kg, IP) produced a dose-related increase in latencies at both water temperatures. A 10-microg dose of NPY also failed to alter the antinociceptive effects of morphine. This study does not support the idea that the discriminative stimulus and antinociceptive effects of morphine are dependent on an NPYergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Picker
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-3270, USA
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42
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Abstract
The biosynthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) of dinitrogenase was investigated using 99Mo to follow the incorporation of Mo into precursors. 99Mo label accumulates on dinitrogenase only when all known components of the FeMo-co synthesis system, NifH, NifNE, NifB-cofactor, homocitrate, MgATP, and reductant, are present. Furthermore, 99Mo label accumulates only on the gamma protein, which has been shown to serve as a chaperone/insertase for the maturation of apodinitrogenase when all known components are present. It appears that only completed FeMo-co can accumulate on the gamma protein. Very little FeMo-co synthesis was observed when all known components are used in purified forms, indicating that additional factors are required for optimal FeMo-co synthesis. 99Mo did not accumulate on NifNE under any conditions tested, suggesting that Mo enters the pathway at some other step, although it remains possible that a Mo-containing precursor of FeMo-co that is not sufficiently stable to persist during gel electrophoresis occurs but is not observed. 99Mo accumulates on several unidentified species, which may be the additional components required for FeMo-co synthesis. The molybdenum storage protein was observed and the accumulation of 99Mo on this protein required nucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Allen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Shah VK, Rangaraj P, Chatterjee R, Allen RM, Roll JT, Roberts GP, Ludden PW. Requirement of NifX and other nif proteins for in vitro biosynthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:2797-801. [PMID: 10217770 PMCID: PMC93721 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.9.2797-2801.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) of nitrogenase contains molybdenum, iron, sulfur, and homocitrate in a ratio of 1:7:9:1. In vitro synthesis of FeMo-co has been established, and the reaction requires an ATP-regenerating system, dithionite, molybdate, homocitrate, and at least NifB-co (the metabolic product of NifB), NifNE, and dinitrogenase reductase (NifH). The typical in vitro FeMo-co synthesis reaction involves mixing extracts from two different mutant strains of Azotobacter vinelandii defective in the biosynthesis of cofactor or an extract of a mutant strain complemented with the purified missing component. Surprisingly, the in vitro synthesis of FeMo-co with only purified components failed to generate significant FeMo-co, suggesting the requirement for one or more other components. Complementation of these assays with extracts of various mutant strains demonstrated that NifX has a role in synthesis of FeMo-co. In vitro synthesis of FeMo-co with purified components is stimulated approximately threefold by purified NifX. Complementation of these assays with extracts of A. vinelandii DJ42. 48 (DeltanifENX DeltavnfE) results in a 12- to 15-fold stimulation of in vitro FeMo-co synthesis activity. These data also demonstrate that apart from the NifX some other component(s) is required for the cofactor synthesis. The in vitro synthesis of FeMo-co with purified components has allowed the detection, purification, and identification of an additional component(s) required for the synthesis of cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Shah
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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44
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Abstract
A rat warm-water tail-withdrawal procedure was used to examine the effects of chronic administration of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959 in morphine tolerant rats. Morphine dose-dependently increased tail-withdrawal latencies from 55 degree C water. When morphine (10 mg/kg) was administered twice-daily for 7 days, the morphine dose-effect curves shifted 0.3-0.5 log unit to the right. When morphine was administered for an additional 7 days, the morphine dose-effect curve shifted 0.4 log unit further to the right. Co-administration of LY235959 (1, 3, 10 mg/kg) along with morphine prevented the development of tolerance observed during the second week of chronic morphine administration. Although the highest dose of LY235959 (10 mg/kg) partially reversed tolerance in five of seven rats, tolerance was not reversed by lower doses of LY235959. These data suggest that NMDA receptor antagonists may effectively prevent the progressive development of morphine tolerance at doses that are not sufficient to reverse pre-established morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-3270, USA.
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Allen RM, Jones MP. The validity and reliability of an asthma knowledge questionnaire used in the evaluation of a group asthma education self-management program for adults with asthma. J Asthma 1998; 35:537-45. [PMID: 9777880 DOI: 10.3109/02770909809048956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports aspects of the validity and reliability of an asthma general knowledge questionnaire for adults (AGKQA), developed as one of the outcome measures for a randomized controlled effectiveness trial of an asthma education program for adults with asthma. It also illustrates how study data can provide a valuable, generally neglected opportunity to assess the validity and reliability of a measure where resources are not available for the extensive investigation of these properties prior to administration of the measure in a study. The AGKQA was demonstrated to have good content and face validity. Construct validity assessed using the principal components method for factor analysis suggested the scale was unidimensional. Criterion-related validity, assessed using the contrasted groups method, demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.0001) in total score and for 68% of item responses for the adults with and without direct experience of asthma. The Kuder-Richardson 20 reliability coefficient for internal consistency calculated using responses at baseline, immediately, and 12 months post-intervention were, respectively, 0.56, 0.80, and 0.75, indicating excellent reliability. The AGKQA is an acceptably valid and reliable measure for the assessment of program content mastery that it was designed to test.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Allen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia
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Pitts RC, Allen RM, Walker EA, Dykstra LA. Clocinnamox antagonism of the antinociceptive effects of mu opioids in squirrel monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998; 285:1197-206. [PMID: 9618423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The opioid agonists morphine, etorphine, buprenorphine and U50,488 were examined alone and in combination with the insurmountable opioid antagonist clocinnamox (C-CAM) in squirrel monkeys responding under a schedule of shock titration. In this procedure, shock intensity increased every 15 sec from 0.01 to 2.0 mA in 30 increments. Five lever presses during any given 15-sec shock period produced a 15-sec timeout, after which shock resumed at the next lower intensity. When given alone, each of these agonists increased the median intensity at which the monkeys maintained shock [median shock level (MSL)]. At the highest dose examined alone, each agonist produced maximal increases in MSL and, except buprenorphine, decreased response rates. C-CAM dose-dependently antagonized the effects of morphine, etorphine and buprenorphine on MSL. In the presence of the higher C-CAM doses, etorphine, morphine and buprenorphine did not produce maximal effects on MSL. The effects of U50,488 were not systematically altered when tested in combination with the highest C-CAM dose. In general, C-CAM was more potent and the duration of antagonism was slightly longer against buprenorphine than against morphine and etorphine. Quantitative analysis of these data according to an extended model of yielded the following apparent affinity and efficacy estimates, respectively: etorphine (0. 085 mg/kg, 117); morphine (49 mg/kg, 24) and buprenorphine (0.62 mg/kg, 7.1). Determination of the individual q values over time indicated that the receptor population recovers more quickly after C-CAM antagonism of etorphine than from C-CAM antagonism of either morphine or buprenorphine. These data suggest that C-CAM functions as a long-lasting antagonist of mu opioid agonist actions in a shock titration procedure and yields estimates of relative intrinsic efficacy with the rank order of etorphine > morphine > buprenorphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Pitts
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
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Duin EC, Lafferty ME, Crouse BR, Allen RM, Sanyal I, Flint DH, Johnson MK. [2Fe-2S] to [4Fe-4S] cluster conversion in Escherichia coli biotin synthase. Biochemistry 1997; 36:11811-20. [PMID: 9305972 DOI: 10.1021/bi9706430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The type and properties of the Fe-S cluster in recombinant Escherichia coli biotin synthase have been investigated in as-prepared and dithionite-reduced samples using the combination of UV-visible absorption and variable-temperature magnetic circular dichroism (VTMCD), EPR, and resonance Raman spectroscopies. The results confirm the presence of one S = 0 [2Fe-2S]2+ cluster in each subunit of the homodimer in aerobically purified samples, and the Fe-S stretching frequencies suggest incomplete cysteinyl-S coordination. However, absorption and resonance Raman studies show that anaerobic reduction with dithionite in the presence of 60% (v/v) ethylene glycol or glycerol results in near-stoichiometric conversion of two [2Fe-2S]2+ clusters to form one S = 0 [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster with complete cysteinyl-S coordination. The stoichiometry and ability to effect reductive cluster conversion without the addition of iron or sulfide suggest that the [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster is formed at the subunit interface via reductive dimerization of [2Fe-2S]2+ clusters. EPR and VTMCD studies indicate that more than 50% of the Fe is present as [4Fe-4S]+ clusters in samples treated with 60% (v/v) glycerol after prolonged dithionite reduction. The [4Fe-4S]+ cluster exists as a mixed spin system with S = 1/2 (g = 2. 044, 1.944, 1.914) and S = 3/2 (g = 5.6 resonance) ground states. Subunit-bridging [4Fe-4S]2+,+ clusters, that can undergo oxidative degradation to [2Fe-2S]2+ clusters during purification, are proposed to be a common feature of Fe-S enzymes that require S-adenosylmethionine and function by radical mechanisms involving the homolytic cleavage of C-H or C-C bonds, i.e., biotin synthase, anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase, pyruvate formate lyase, lysine 2, 3-aminomutase, and lipoic acid synthase. The most likely role for the [4Fe-4S]2+,+ cluster lies in initiating the radical mechanism by directly or indirectly facilitating reductive one-electron cleavage of S-adenosylmethionine to form methionine and the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical. It is further suggested that oxidative cluster conversion to [2Fe-2S]2+ clusters may play a physiological role in these radical enzymes, by providing a method of regulating enzyme activity in response to oxidative stress, without irreversible cluster degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Duin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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48
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Chatterjee R, Allen RM, Ludden PW, Shah VK. In vitro synthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor and maturation of the nif-encoded apodinitrogenase. Effect of substitution of VNFH for NIFH. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:21604-8. [PMID: 9261182 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.34.21604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NIFH (the nifH gene product) has several functions in the nitrogenase enzyme system. In addition to reducing dinitrogenase during nitrogenase turnover, NIFH functions in the biosynthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co), and in the processing of alpha2beta2 apodinitrogenase 1 (a catalytically inactive form of dinitrogenase 1 that lacks the FeMo-co) to the FeMo-co-activatable alpha2beta2gamma2 form. The molybdenum-independent nitrogenase 2 (vnf-encoded) has a distinct dinitrogenase reductase protein, VNFH. We investigated the ability of VNFH to function in the in vitro biosynthesis of FeMo-co and in the maturation of apodinitrogenase 1. VNFH can replace NIFH in both the biosynthesis of FeMo-co and in the maturation of apodinitrogenase 1. These results suggest that the dinitrogenase reductase proteins do not specify the heterometal incorporated into the cofactors of the respective nitrogenase enzymes. The specificity for the incorporation of molybdenum into FeMo-co was also examined using the in vitro FeMo-co synthesis assay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for the Study of Nitrogen Fixation, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Flint
- Experimental Station, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Delaware 19880, USA
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50
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Chatterjee R, Allen RM, Ludden PW, Shah VK. Purification and characterization of the vnf-encoded apodinitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:6819-26. [PMID: 8636105 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.12.6819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The vnf-encoded apodinitrogenase (apodinitrogenase 2) has been purified from Azotobacter vinelandii strain CA117.30 (DeltanifKDB), and is an alpha2beta2delta2 hexamer. Apodinitrogenase 2 can be activated in vitro by the addition of the iron-vanadium cofactor (FeV-co) to form holodinitrogenase 2, which functions in C2H2, H+, and N2 reduction. Under certain conditions, the alpha2beta2delta2 hexamer dissociates to yield the free delta subunit (the VNFG protein) and a form of apodinitrogenase 2 that exhibits no C2H2, H+, or N2 reduction activities in the in vitro FeV-co activation assay; however, these activities can be restored upon addition of VNFG to the FeV-co activation assay system. No other vnf-, nif-, or non-nif-encoded proteins were able to replace the function of VNFG in the in vitro processing of alpha2beta2 apodinitrogenase 2 (in the presence of FeV-co) to a form capable of substrate reduction. Apodinitrogenase 2 is also activable in vitro by the iron-molybdenum cofactor to form a hybrid enzyme with unique properties, most notably the inability to reduce N2 and insensitivity to CO inhibition of C2H2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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