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Jiang X, McKinley ET, Xie J, Gore JC, Xu J. Detection of Treatment Response in Triple-Negative Breast Tumors to Paclitaxel Using MRI Cell Size Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:575-584. [PMID: 37218596 PMCID: PMC10665540 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer treatment response evaluation using the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) guidelines, based on tumor volume changes, has limitations, prompting interest in novel imaging markers for accurate therapeutic effect determination. PURPOSE To use MRI-measured cell size as a new imaging biomarker for assessing chemotherapy response in breast cancer. STUDY TYPE Longitudinal; animal model. STUDY POPULATION Triple-negative human breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) pellets (4 groups, n = 7) treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 10 nM of paclitaxel for 24, 48, and 96 hours, and 29 mice with MDA-MB-231 tumors in right hind limbs treated with paclitaxel (n = 16) or DMSO (n = 13) twice weekly for 3 weeks. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Oscillating gradient spin echo and pulsed gradient spin echo sequences at 4.7 T. ASSESSMENT MDA-MB-231 cells were analyzed using flowcytometry and light microscopy to assess cell cycle phases and cell size distribution. MDA-MB-231 cell pellets were MR imaged. Mice were imaged weekly, with 9, 6, and 14 being sacrificed for histology after MRI at weeks 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Microstructural parameters of tumors/cell pellets were derived by fitting diffusion MRI data to a biophysical model. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way ANOVA compared cell sizes and MR-derived parameters between treated and control samples. Repeated measures 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-tests compared temporal changes in MR-derived parameters. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In vitro experiments showed that the mean MR-derived cell sizes of paclitaxel-treated cells increased significantly with a 24-hours treatment and decreased (P = 0.06) with a 96-hour treatment. For in vivo xenograft experiments, the paclitaxel-treated tumors showed significant decreases in cell size at later weeks. MRI observations were supported by flowcytometry, light microscopy, and histology. DATA CONCLUSIONS MR-derived cell size may characterize the cell shrinkage during treatment-induced apoptosis, and may potentially provide new insights into the assessment of therapeutic response. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jiang
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jingping Xie
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John C. Gore
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Junzhong Xu
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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2
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Heiser CN, Simmons AJ, Revetta F, McKinley ET, Ramirez-Solano MA, Wang J, Kaur H, Shao J, Ayers GD, Wang Y, Glass SE, Tasneem N, Chen Z, Qin Y, Kim W, Rolong A, Chen B, Vega PN, Drewes JL, Markham NO, Saleh N, Nikolos F, Vandekar S, Jones AL, Washington MK, Roland JT, Chan KS, Schürpf T, Sears CL, Liu Q, Shrubsole MJ, Coffey RJ, Lau KS. Molecular cartography uncovers evolutionary and microenvironmental dynamics in sporadic colorectal tumors. Cell 2023; 186:5620-5637.e16. [PMID: 38065082 PMCID: PMC10756562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer exhibits dynamic cellular and genetic heterogeneity during progression from precursor lesions toward malignancy. Analysis of spatial multi-omic data from 31 human colorectal specimens enabled phylogeographic mapping of tumor evolution that revealed individualized progression trajectories and accompanying microenvironmental and clonal alterations. Phylogeographic mapping ordered genetic events, classified tumors by their evolutionary dynamics, and placed clonal regions along global pseudotemporal progression trajectories encompassing the chromosomal instability (CIN+) and hypermutated (HM) pathways. Integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data revealed recurring epithelial programs and infiltrating immune states along progression pseudotime. We discovered an immune exclusion signature (IEX), consisting of extracellular matrix regulators DDR1, TGFBI, PAK4, and DPEP1, that charts with CIN+ tumor progression, is associated with reduced cytotoxic cell infiltration, and shows prognostic value in independent cohorts. This spatial multi-omic atlas provides insights into colorectal tumor-microenvironment co-evolution, serving as a resource for stratification and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody N Heiser
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alan J Simmons
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Frank Revetta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Marisol A Ramirez-Solano
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Justin Shao
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Sarah E Glass
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Naila Tasneem
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yan Qin
- Incendia Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - William Kim
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea Rolong
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bob Chen
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paige N Vega
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julia L Drewes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas O Markham
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nabil Saleh
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fotis Nikolos
- Department of Urology, Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Simon Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Angela L Jones
- Vanderbilt Technologies for Advanced Genomics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Keith S Chan
- Department of Urology, Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Cynthia L Sears
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Ken S Lau
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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3
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Xiong J, Kaur H, Heiser CN, McKinley ET, Roland JT, Coffey RJ, Shrubsole MJ, Wrobel J, Ma S, Lau KS, Vandekar S. GammaGateR: semi-automated marker gating for single-cell multiplexed imaging. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.20.558645. [PMID: 37781604 PMCID: PMC10541135 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.558645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Motivation Multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) is an emerging assay for multichannel protein imaging that can decipher cell-level spatial features in tissues. However, existing automated cell phenotyping methods, such as clustering, face challenges in achieving consistency across experiments and often require subjective evaluation. As a result, mIF analyses often revert to marker gating based on manual thresholding of raw imaging data. Results To address the need for an evaluable semi-automated algorithm, we developed GammaGateR, an R package for interactive marker gating designed specifically for segmented cell-level data from mIF images. Based on a novel closed-form gamma mixture model, GammaGateR provides estimates of marker-positive cell proportions and soft clustering of marker-positive cells. The model incorporates user-specified constraints that provide a consistent but slide-specific model fit. We compared GammaGateR against the newest unsupervised approach for annotating mIF data, employing two colon datasets and one ovarian cancer dataset for the evaluation. We showed that GammaGateR produces highly similar results to a silver standard established through manual annotation. Furthermore, we demonstrated its effectiveness in identifying biological signals, achieved by mapping known spatial interactions between CD68 and MUC5AC cells in the colon and by accurately predicting survival in ovarian cancer patients using the phenotype probabilities as input for machine learning methods. GammaGateR is a highly efficient tool that can improve the replicability of marker gating results, while reducing the time of manual segmentation. Availability and Implementation The R package is available at https://github.com/JiangmeiRubyXiong/GammaGateR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Program of Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Cody N Heiser
- Program of Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
- GlaxoSmithKline, USA
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Julia Wrobel
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, USA
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Program of Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA
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4
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Devan SP, Jiang X, Luo G, Xie J, Quirk JD, Engelbach JA, Harmsen H, McKinley ET, Cui J, Zu Z, Attia A, Garbow JR, Gore JC, McKnight CD, Kirschner AN, Xu J. Selective Cell Size MRI Differentiates Brain Tumors from Radiation Necrosis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3603-3613. [PMID: 35877201 PMCID: PMC9532360 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a common characteristic of late-stage lung cancers. High doses of targeted radiotherapy can control tumor growth in the brain but can also result in radiotherapy-induced necrosis. Current methods are limited for distinguishing whether new parenchymal lesions following radiotherapy are recurrent tumors or radiotherapy-induced necrosis, but the clinical management of these two classes of lesions differs significantly. Here, we developed, validated, and evaluated a new MRI technique termed selective size imaging using filters via diffusion times (SSIFT) to differentiate brain tumors from radiotherapy necrosis in the brain. This approach generates a signal filter that leverages diffusion time dependence to establish a cell size-weighted map. Computer simulations in silico, cultured cancer cells in vitro, and animals with brain tumors in vivo were used to comprehensively validate the specificity of SSIFT for detecting typical large cancer cells and the ability to differentiate brain tumors from radiotherapy necrosis. SSIFT was also implemented in patients with metastatic brain cancer and radiotherapy necrosis. SSIFT showed high correlation with mean cell sizes in the relevant range of less than 20 μm. The specificity of SSIFT for brain tumors and reduced contrast in other brain etiologies allowed SSIFT to differentiate brain tumors from peritumoral edema and radiotherapy necrosis. In conclusion, this new, cell size-based MRI method provides a unique contrast to differentiate brain tumors from other pathologies in the brain. SIGNIFICANCE This work introduces and provides preclinical validation of a new diffusion MRI method that exploits intrinsic differences in cell sizes to distinguish brain tumors and radiotherapy necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Devan
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Guozhen Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jingping Xie
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James D Quirk
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John A Engelbach
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hannah Harmsen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jing Cui
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Albert Attia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colin D McKnight
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Austin N Kirschner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Junzhong Xu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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5
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Su T, Wang S, Huang S, Cai H, McKinley ET, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Zheng W, Shu XO, Cai Q. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and high-throughput image analysis for evaluation of spatial tumor immune cell markers in human breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2022; 35:193-206. [PMID: 36093688 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinicopathological significance of spatial tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) subpopulations is not well studied due to lack of high-throughput scalable methodology for studies with large human sample sizes. OBJECTIVE Establishing a cyclic fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC/IF) method coupled with computer-assisted high-throughput quantitative analysis to evaluate associations of six TIL markers (CD3, CD8, CD20, CD56, FOXP3, and PD-L1) with clinicopathological factors of breast cancer. METHODS Our 5-plex mIHC/IF staining was shown to be reliable and highly sensitive for labeling three biomarkers per tissue section. Through repetitive cycles of 5-plex mIHC/IF staining, more than 12 biomarkers could be detected per single tissue section. Using open-source software CellProfiler, the measurement pipelines were successfully developed for high-throughput multiplex evaluation of intratumoral and stromal TILs. RESULTS In analyses of 188 breast cancer samples from the Nashville Breast Health Study, high-grade tumors showed significantly increased intratumoral CD3+CD8+ CTL density (P= 0.0008, false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P= 0.0168) and intratumoral PD-L1 expression (P= 0.0061, FDR adjusted P= 0.0602) compared with low-grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS The high- and low-grade breast cancers exhibit differential immune responses which may have clinical significances. The multiplexed imaging quantification strategies established in this study are reliable, cost-efficient and applicable in regular laboratory settings for high-throughput tissue biomarker studies, especially retrospective and population-based studies using archived paraffin tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuya Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Cell and Development Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Vega PN, Nilsson A, Kumar MP, Niitsu H, Simmons AJ, Ro J, Wang J, Chen Z, Joughin BA, Li W, McKinley ET, Liu Q, Roland JT, Washington MK, Coffey RJ, Lauffenburger DA, Lau KS. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Squamous Epithelial Cells Constitute a Unique Microenvironment in a Mouse Model of Inflammation-Induced Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:878920. [PMID: 35600339 PMCID: PMC9114773 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.878920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the pathogenesis of colorectal tumors and contains various cell types including epithelial, immune, and mesenchymal cells. Characterization of the interactions between these cell types is necessary for revealing the complex nature of tumors. In this study, we used single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to compare the tumor microenvironments between a mouse model of sporadic colorectal adenoma (Lrig1CreERT2/+;Apc2lox14/+) and a mouse model of inflammation-driven colorectal cancer induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS). While both models develop tumors in the distal colon, we found that the two tumor types have distinct microenvironments. AOM/DSS tumors have an increased abundance of two populations of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) compared with APC tumors, and we revealed their divergent spatial association with tumor cells using multiplex immunofluorescence (MxIF) imaging. We also identified a unique squamous cell population in AOM/DSS tumors, whose origins were distinct from anal squamous epithelial cells. These cells were in higher proportions upon administration of a chemotherapy regimen of 5-Fluorouracil/Irinotecan. We used computational inference algorithms to predict cell-cell communication mediated by ligand-receptor interactions and downstream pathway activation, and identified potential mechanistic connections between CAFs and tumor cells, as well as CAFs and squamous epithelial cells. This study provides important preclinical insight into the microenvironment of two distinct models of colorectal tumors and reveals unique roles for CAFs and squamous epithelial cells in the AOM/DSS model of inflammation-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige N Vega
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Avlant Nilsson
- Department of Biological Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manu P Kumar
- Department of Biological Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alan J Simmons
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James Ro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ken S Lau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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7
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Harris CR, McKinley ET, Roland JT, Liu Q, Shrubsole MJ, Lau KS, Coffey RJ, Wrobel J, Vandekar SN. Quantifying and correcting slide-to-slide variation in multiplexed immunofluorescence images. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:1700-1707. [PMID: 34983062 PMCID: PMC8896603 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Multiplexed imaging is a nascent single-cell assay with a complex data structure susceptible to technical variability that disrupts inference. These in situ methods are valuable in understanding cell-cell interactions, but few standardized processing steps or normalization techniques of multiplexed imaging data are available. RESULTS We implement and compare data transformations and normalization algorithms in multiplexed imaging data. Our methods adapt the ComBat and functional data registration methods to remove slide effects in this domain, and we present an evaluation framework to compare the proposed approaches. We present clear slide-to-slide variation in the raw, unadjusted data and show that many of the proposed normalization methods reduce this variation while preserving and improving the biological signal. Furthermore, we find that dividing multiplexed imaging data by its slide mean, and the functional data registration methods, perform the best under our proposed evaluation framework. In summary, this approach provides a foundation for better data quality and evaluation criteria in multiplexed imaging. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Source code is provided at: https://github.com/statimagcoll/MultiplexedNormalization and an R package to implement these methods is available here: https://github.com/ColemanRHarris/mxnorm. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman R Harris
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julia Wrobel
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Simon N Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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8
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Schapiro D, Sokolov A, Yapp C, Chen YA, Muhlich JL, Hess J, Creason AL, Nirmal AJ, Baker GJ, Nariya MK, Lin JR, Maliga Z, Jacobson CA, Hodgman MW, Ruokonen J, Farhi SL, Abbondanza D, McKinley ET, Persson D, Betts C, Sivagnanam S, Regev A, Goecks J, Coffey RJ, Coussens LM, Santagata S, Sorger PK. MCMICRO: a scalable, modular image-processing pipeline for multiplexed tissue imaging. Nat Methods 2022; 19:311-315. [PMID: 34824477 PMCID: PMC8916956 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly multiplexed tissue imaging makes detailed molecular analysis of single cells possible in a preserved spatial context. However, reproducible analysis of large multichannel images poses a substantial computational challenge. Here, we describe a modular and open-source computational pipeline, MCMICRO, for performing the sequential steps needed to transform whole-slide images into single-cell data. We demonstrate the use of MCMICRO on tissue and tumor images acquired using multiple imaging platforms, thereby providing a solid foundation for the continued development of tissue imaging software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Schapiro
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine and Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem Sokolov
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Image and Data Analysis Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy L Muhlich
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Hess
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison L Creason
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ajit J Nirmal
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory J Baker
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maulik K Nariya
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoltan Maliga
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Connor A Jacobson
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew W Hodgman
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Juha Ruokonen
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samouil L Farhi
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Domenic Abbondanza
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Persson
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Courtney Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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McKinley ET, Shao J, Ellis ST, Heiser CN, Roland JT, Macedonia MC, Vega PN, Shin S, Coffey RJ, Lau KS. MIRIAM: A machine and deep learning single-cell segmentation and quantification pipeline for multi-dimensional tissue images. Cytometry A 2022; 101:521-528. [PMID: 35084791 PMCID: PMC9167255 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, highly multiplexed tissue imaging methods are used to profile protein expression at the single‐cell level. However, a critical limitation is the lack of robust cell segmentation tools for tissue sections. We present Multiplexed Image Resegmentation of Internal Aberrant Membranes (MIRIAM) that combines (a) a pipeline for cell segmentation and quantification that incorporates machine learning‐based pixel classification to define cellular compartments, (b) a novel method for extending incomplete cell membranes, and (c) a deep learning‐based cell shape descriptor. Using human colonic adenomas as an example, we show that MIRIAM is superior to widely utilized segmentation methods and provides a pipeline that is broadly applicable to different imaging platforms and tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin Shao
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel T Ellis
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cody N Heiser
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Program in Chemical & Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary C Macedonia
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paige N Vega
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Susie Shin
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Program in Chemical & Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Singh B, Bogatcheva G, Krystofiak E, McKinley ET, Hill S, Rose KL, Higginbotham JN, Coffey RJ. Induction of apically mistrafficked epiregulin disrupts epithelial polarity via aberrant EGFR signaling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271860. [PMID: 34406412 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In polarized MDCK cells, disruption of the tyrosine-based YXXΦ basolateral trafficking motif (Y156A) in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand epiregulin (EREG), results in its apical mistrafficking and transformation in vivo. However, the mechanisms underlying these dramatic effects are unknown. Using a doxycycline-inducible system in 3D Matrigel cultures, we now show that induction of Y156A EREG in fully formed MDCK cysts results in direct and complete delivery of mutant EREG to the apical cell surface. Within 3 days of induction, ectopic lumens were detected in mutant, but not wild-type, EREG-expressing cysts. Of note, these structures resembled histological features found in subcutaneous xenografts of mutant EREG-expressing MDCK cells. These ectopic lumens formed de novo rather than budding from the central lumen and depended on metalloprotease-mediated cleavage of EREG and subsequent EGFR activity. Moreover, the most frequent EREG mutation in human cancer (R147stop) resulted in its apical mistrafficking in engineered MDCK cells. Thus, induction of EREG apical mistrafficking is sufficient to disrupt selective aspects of polarity of a preformed polarized epithelium. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuminder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Epithelial Biology Center , Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Galina Bogatcheva
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Epithelial Biology Center , Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Salisha Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Epithelial Biology Center , Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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11
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Xu J, Jiang X, Devan SP, Arlinghaus LR, McKinley ET, Xie J, Zu Z, Wang Q, Chakravarthy AB, Wang Y, Gore JC. MRI-cytometry: Mapping nonparametric cell size distributions using diffusion MRI. Magn Reson Med 2021; 85:748-761. [PMID: 32936478 PMCID: PMC7722100 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This report introduces and validates a new diffusion MRI-based method, termed MRI-cytometry, which can noninvasively map intravoxel, nonparametric cell size distributions in tissues. METHODS MRI was used to acquire diffusion MRI signals with a range of diffusion times and gradient factors, and a model was fit to these data to derive estimates of cell size distributions. We implemented a 2-step fitting method to avoid noise-induced artificial peaks and provide reliable estimates of tumor cell size distributions. Computer simulations in silico, experimental measurements on cultured cells in vitro, and animal xenografts in vivo were used to validate the accuracy and precision of the method. Tumors in 7 patients with breast cancer were also imaged and analyzed using this MRI-cytometry approach on a clinical 3 Tesla MRI scanner. RESULTS Simulations and experimental results confirm that MRI-cytometry can reliably map intravoxel, nonparametric cell size distributions and has the potential to discriminate smaller and larger cells. The application in breast cancer patients demonstrates the feasibility of direct translation of MRI-cytometry to clinical applications. CONCLUSION The proposed MRI-cytometry method can characterize nonparametric cell size distributions in human tumors, which potentially provides a practical imaging approach to derive specific histopathological information on biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Xu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Corresponding author: Junzhong Xu. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Institute of Imaging Science, 1161 21 Avenue South, AAA 3113 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States. Fax: +1 615 322 0734. (Junzhong Xu). Twitter: @JunzhongXu
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sean P Devan
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lori R. Arlinghaus
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jingping Xie
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - A. Bapsi Chakravarthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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12
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Xu J, Jiang X, Li H, Arlinghaus LR, McKinley ET, Devan SP, Hardy BM, Xie J, Kang H, Chakravarthy AB, Gore JC. Magnetic resonance imaging of mean cell size in human breast tumors. Magn Reson Med 2020; 83:2002-2014. [PMID: 31765494 PMCID: PMC7047520 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell size is a fundamental characteristic of all tissues, and changes in cell size in cancer reflect tumor status and response to treatments, such as apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Unfortunately, cell size can currently be obtained only by pathological evaluation of tumor tissue samples obtained invasively. Previous imaging approaches are limited to preclinical MRI scanners or require relatively long acquisition times that are impractical for clinical imaging. There is a need to develop cell-size imaging for clinical applications. METHODS We propose a clinically feasible IMPULSED (imaging microstructural parameters using limited spectrally edited diffusion) approach that can characterize mean cell sizes in solid tumors. We report the use of a combination of pulse sequences, using different gradient waveforms implemented on clinical MRI scanners and analytical equations based on these waveforms to analyze diffusion-weighted MRI signals and derive specific microstructural parameters such as cell size. We also describe comprehensive validations of this approach using computer simulations, cell experiments in vitro, and animal experiments in vivo and demonstrate applications in preoperative breast cancer patients. RESULTS With fast acquisitions (~7 minutes), IMPULSED can provide high-resolution (1.3 mm in-plane) mapping of mean cell size of human tumors in vivo on clinical 3T MRI scanners. All validations suggest that IMPULSED provides accurate and reliable measurements of mean cell size. CONCLUSION The proposed IMPULSED method can assess cell-size variations in tumors of breast cancer patients, which may have the potential to assess early response to neoadjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Xu
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Corresponding author: Address: Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science, 1161 21 Avenue South, AAA 3113 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States. Fax: +1 615 322 0734. (Junzhong Xu), Twitter: @JunzhongXu
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lori R. Arlinghaus
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sean P. Devan
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Hardy
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jingping Xie
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - A. Bapsi Chakravarthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John C. Gore
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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13
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Huh WJ, Niitsu H, Carney B, McKinley ET, Houghton JL, Coffey RJ. Identification and Characterization of Unique Neutralizing Antibodies to Mouse EGF Receptor. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1500-1502. [PMID: 31866246 PMCID: PMC7103561 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won Jae Huh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brandon Carney
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacob L. Houghton
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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14
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Jiang X, McKinley ET, Xie J, Li H, Xu J, Gore JC. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of treatment-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9540. [PMID: 31266982 PMCID: PMC6606573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging apoptosis could provide an early and specific means to monitor tumor responses to treatment. To date, despite numerous attempts to develop molecular imaging approaches, there is still no widely-accepted and reliable method for in vivo imaging of apoptosis. We hypothesized that the distinct cellular morphologic changes associated with treatment-induced apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, cytoplasm condensation, and DNA fragmentation, can be detected by temporal diffusion spectroscopy imaging (TDSI). Cetuximab-induced apoptosis was assessed in vitro and in vivo with cetuximab-sensitive (DiFi) and insensitive (HCT-116) human colorectal cancer cell lines by TDSI. TDSI findings were complemented by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Cell cycle analysis and flow cytometry detected apoptotic cell shrinkage in cetuximab-treated DiFi cells, and significant apoptosis was confirmed by histology. TDSI-derived parameters quantified key morphological changes including cell size decreases during apoptosis in responsive tumors that occurred earlier than gross tumor volume regression. TDSI provides a unique measurement of apoptosis by identifying cellular characteristics, particularly cell shrinkage. The method will assist in understanding the underlying biology of solid tumors and predict tumor response to therapies. TDSI is free of any exogenous agent or radiation, and hence is very suitable to be incorporated into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jiang
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jingping Xie
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Junzhong Xu
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - John C Gore
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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15
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Zhang Q, Higginbotham JN, Jeppesen DK, Yang YP, Li W, McKinley ET, Graves-Deal R, Ping J, Britain CM, Dorsett KA, Hartman CL, Ford DA, Allen RM, Vickers KC, Liu Q, Franklin JL, Bellis SL, Coffey RJ. Transfer of Functional Cargo in Exomeres. Cell Rep 2019; 27:940-954.e6. [PMID: 30956133 PMCID: PMC6559347 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exomeres are a recently discovered type of extracellular nanoparticle with no known biological function. Herein, we describe a simple ultracentrifugation-based method for separation of exomeres from exosomes. Exomeres are enriched in Argonaute 1-3 and amyloid precursor protein. We identify distinct functions of exomeres mediated by two of their cargo, the β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal-I) that α2,6- sialylates N-glycans, and the EGFR ligand, amphiregulin (AREG). Functional ST6Gal-I in exomeres can be transferred to cells, resulting in hypersialylation of recipient cell-surface proteins including β1-integrin. AREG-containing exomeres elicit prolonged EGFR and downstream signaling in recipient cells, modulate EGFR trafficking in normal intestinal organoids, and dramatically enhance the growth of colonic tumor organoids. This study provides a simplified method of exomere isolation and demonstrates that exomeres contain and can transfer functional cargo. These findings underscore the heterogeneity of nanoparticles and should accelerate advances in determining the composition and biological functions of exomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dennis K Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ramona Graves-Deal
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Britain
- Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Dorsett
- Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Celine L Hartman
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Department of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University, TN 37212, USA
| | - Susan L Bellis
- Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University, TN 37212, USA.
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16
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Banerjee A, McKinley ET, von Moltke J, Coffey RJ, Lau KS. Interpreting heterogeneity in intestinal tuft cell structure and function. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1711-1719. [PMID: 29714721 DOI: 10.1172/jci120330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tuft cells are a morphologically unique cell type, best characterized by striking microvilli that form an apical tuft. These cells represent approximately 0.5% of gut epithelial cells depending on location. While they are known to express chemosensory receptors, their function has remained unclear. Recently, numerous groups have revealed startling insights into intestinal tuft cell biology. Here, we review the latest developments in understanding this peculiar cell type's structure and function. Recent advances in volumetric microscopy have begun to elucidate tuft cell ultrastructure with respect to its cellular neighbors. Moreover, single-cell approaches have revealed greater diversity in the tuft cell population than previously appreciated and uncovered novel markers to characterize this heterogeneity. Finally, advanced model systems have revealed tuft cells' roles in mucosal healing and orchestrating type 2 immunity against eukaryotic infection. While much remains unknown about intestinal tuft cells, these critical advances have illuminated the physiological importance of these previously understudied cells and provided experimentally tractable tools to interrogate this rare cell population. Tuft cells act as luminal sensors, linking the luminal microbiome to the host immune system, which may make them a potent clinical target for modulating host response to a variety of acute or chronic immune-driven conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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17
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Herring CA, Chen B, McKinley ET, Lau KS. Single-Cell Computational Strategies for Lineage Reconstruction in Tissue Systems. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:539-548. [PMID: 29713661 PMCID: PMC5924749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Function at the organ level manifests itself from a heterogeneous collection of cell types. Cellular heterogeneity emerges from developmental processes by which multipotent progenitor cells make fate decisions and transition to specific cell types through intermediate cell states. Although genetic experimental strategies such as lineage tracing have provided insights into cell lineages, recent developments in single-cell technologies have greatly increased our ability to interrogate distinct cell types, as well as transitional cell states in tissue systems. From single-cell data that describe these intermediate cell states, computational tools have been developed to reconstruct cell-state transition trajectories that model cell developmental processes. These algorithms, although powerful, are still in their infancy, and attention must be paid to their strengths and weaknesses when they are used. Here, we review some of these tools, also referred to as pseudotemporal ordering algorithms, and their associated assumptions and caveats. We hope to provide a rational and generalizable workflow for single-cell trajectory analysis that is intuitive for experimental biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Herring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bob Chen
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ken S. Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Ken S. Lau, PhD, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 10475 MRB IV, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0441. fax: (615) 343-1591.
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18
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Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Demory Beckler M, Poulin EJ, Walsh AJ, Skala MC, McKinley ET, Manning HC, Hight MR, Schulte ML, Watt KR, Ayers GD, Wolf MM, Andrejeva G, Rathmell JC, Franklin JL, Coffey RJ. Mutant KRAS Exosomes Alter the Metabolic State of Recipient Colonic Epithelial Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:627-629.e6. [PMID: 29930982 PMCID: PMC6009797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Key Words
- 18F-FSPG, (S)-4-(3-[18F]-fluoropropyl)-L-glutamic acid
- Apc, adenomatous polyposis coli
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- DLD-1, Daniel L. Dexter derived 1
- FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- GLUT-1, glucose transporter 1
- KO, knockout
- KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
- NADH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dennis K. Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Michelle Demory Beckler
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emily J. Poulin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alex J. Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - H. Charles Manning
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew R. Hight
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael L. Schulte
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kimberly R. Watt
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - G. Daniel Ayers
- Biostatistics Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melissa M. Wolf
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gabriela Andrejeva
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey L. Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Corresponding author:
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19
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Herring CA, Banerjee A, McKinley ET, Simmons AJ, Ping J, Roland JT, Franklin JL, Liu Q, Gerdes MJ, Coffey RJ, Lau KS. Unsupervised Trajectory Analysis of Single-Cell RNA-Seq and Imaging Data Reveals Alternative Tuft Cell Origins in the Gut. Cell Syst 2017; 6:37-51.e9. [PMID: 29153838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modern single-cell technologies allow multiplexed sampling of cellular states within a tissue. However, computational tools that can infer developmental cell-state transitions reproducibly from such single-cell data are lacking. Here, we introduce p-Creode, an unsupervised algorithm that produces multi-branching graphs from single-cell data, compares graphs with differing topologies, and infers a statistically robust hierarchy of cell-state transitions that define developmental trajectories. We have applied p-Creode to mass cytometry, multiplex immunofluorescence, and single-cell RNA-seq data. As a test case, we validate cell-state-transition trajectories predicted by p-Creode for intestinal tuft cells, a rare, chemosensory cell type. We clarify that tuft cells are specified outside of the Atoh1-dependent secretory lineage in the small intestine. However, p-Creode also predicts, and we confirm, that tuft cells arise from an alternative, Atoh1-driven developmental program in the colon. These studies introduce p-Creode as a reliable method for analyzing large datasets that depict branching transition trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Herring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 10475 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 10475 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 10475 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alan J Simmons
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 10475 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 10475 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 10475 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael J Gerdes
- Life Sciences Division, GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 10475 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 10475 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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20
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Jiang X, Li H, Xie J, McKinley ET, Zhao P, Gore JC, Xu J. In vivo imaging of cancer cell size and cellularity using temporal diffusion spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2017; 78:156-164. [PMID: 27495144 PMCID: PMC5293685 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A temporal diffusion MRI spectroscopy based approach has been developed to quantify cancer cell size and density in vivo. METHODS A novel imaging microstructural parameters using limited spectrally edited diffusion (IMPULSED) method selects a specific limited diffusion spectral window for an accurate quantification of cell sizes ranging from 10 to 20 μm in common solid tumors. In practice, it is achieved by a combination of a single long diffusion time pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) and three low-frequency oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE) acquisitions. To validate our approach, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining of cell membranes, in concert with whole slide imaging, were used to visualize nuclei and cell boundaries, and hence, enabled accurate estimates of cell size and cellularity. RESULTS Based on a two compartment model (incorporating intra- and extracellular spaces), accurate estimates of cell sizes were obtained in vivo for three types of human colon cancers. The IMPULSED-derived apparent cellularities showed a stronger correlation (r = 0.81; P < 0.0001) with histology-derived cellularities than conventional ADCs (r = -0.69; P < 0.03). CONCLUSION The IMPULSED approach samples a specific region of temporal diffusion spectra with enhanced sensitivity to length scales of 10-20 μm, and enables measurements of cell sizes and cellularities in solid tumors in vivo. Magn Reson Med 78:156-164, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jiang
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jingping Xie
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ping Zhao
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John C. Gore
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Junzhong Xu
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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21
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McKinley ET, Sui Y, Al-Kofahi Y, Millis BA, Tyska MJ, Roland JT, Santamaria-Pang A, Ohland CL, Jobin C, Franklin JL, Lau KS, Gerdes MJ, Coffey RJ. Optimized multiplex immunofluorescence single-cell analysis reveals tuft cell heterogeneity. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93487. [PMID: 28570279 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tuft cells are a rare, poorly understood cell type recently shown to be a critical mediator of type 2 immune response to helminth infection. Here, we present advances in segmentation algorithms and analytical tools for multiplex immunofluorescence (MxIF), a platform that enables iterative staining of over 60 antibodies on a single tissue section. These refinements have enabled a comprehensive analysis of tuft cell number, distribution, and protein expression profiles as a function of anatomical location and physiological perturbations. Based solely on DCLK1 immunoreactivity, tuft cell numbers were similar throughout the mouse small intestine and colon. However, multiple subsets of tuft cells were uncovered when protein coexpression signatures were examined, including two new intestinal tuft cell markers, Hopx and EGFR phosphotyrosine 1068. Furthermore, we identified dynamic changes in tuft cell number, composition, and protein expression associated with fasting and refeeding and after introduction of microbiota to germ-free mice. These studies provide a foundational framework for future studies of intestinal tuft cell regulation and demonstrate the utility of our improved MxIF computational methods and workflow for understanding cellular heterogeneity in complex tissues in normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center and.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yunxia Sui
- General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Kofahi
- General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York, USA
| | - Bryan A Millis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology.,Cell Imaging Shared Resource, and
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Epithelial Biology Center and.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center and.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, and.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Epithelial Biology Center and.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center and.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Michael J Gerdes
- General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center and.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Simmons AJ, Scurrah CR, McKinley ET, Herring CA, Irish JM, Washington MK, Coffey RJ, Lau KS. Abstract B29: Reorganization of signaling modules revealed in human colorectal cancer using single-cell mass cytometry. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.crc16-b29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity poses a significant challenge to understanding tissue level phenotypes, and confounds conventional bulk analyses. To facilitate the analysis of signaling at the single-cell level in human tissues, we, for the first time, applied mass cytometry using CyTOF (Cytometry Time-of-Flight) to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) normal and diseased intestinal specimens. We developed and validated FFPE-DISSECT (Disaggregation for Intracellular Signaling in Single Epithelial Cells from Tissue), a single-cell approach for preserving and characterizing native signaling states from embedded solid tissue samples. We applied FFPE-DISSECT coupled to mass cytometry to demonstrate differential TNF-α signaling in intestinal enterocytes, goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells, implicating the role of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway in goblet cell identity. In addition, application of FFPE-DISSECT, mass cytometry, and data-driven computational analyses of human colorectal cancer specimens confirmed reduction of differentiation and revealed quantitative changes in inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity with regards to the modular regulation of signaling pathways. Our single-cell approach, applied in conjunction with genomic annotation such as microsatellite and K-Ras and B-RAF status, allows rapid and detailed characterization of cellular heterogeneity from clinical repositories of embedded human tissues.
Citation Format: Alan J. Simmons, Cherie R. Scurrah, Eliot T. McKinley, Charles A. Herring, Jonathan M. Irish, Mary K. Washington, Robert J. Coffey, Ken S. Lau. Reorganization of signaling modules revealed in human colorectal cancer using single-cell mass cytometry. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; 2016 Sep 17-20; Tampa, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Simmons
- 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
- 3Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Cherie R. Scurrah
- 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
- 3Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Charles A. Herring
- 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
- 3Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jonathan M. Irish
- 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
- 3Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Robert J. Coffey
- 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
- 2Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN,
- 3Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ken S. Lau
- 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
- 3Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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23
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Simmons AJ, Scurrah CR, McKinley ET, Herring CA, Irish JM, Washington MK, Coffey RJ, Lau KS. Impaired coordination between signaling pathways is revealed in human colorectal cancer using single-cell mass cytometry of archival tissue blocks. Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs11. [PMID: 27729552 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity poses a substantial challenge to understanding tissue-level phenotypes and confounds conventional bulk analyses. To analyze signaling at the single-cell level in human tissues, we applied mass cytometry using cytometry time of flight to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) normal and diseased intestinal specimens. This technique, called FFPE-DISSECT (disaggregation for intracellular signaling in single epithelial cells from tissue), is a single-cell approach to characterizing signaling states in embedded tissue samples. We applied FFPE-DISSECT coupled to mass cytometry and found differential signaling by tumor necrosis factor-α in intestinal enterocytes, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells, implicating the downstream RAS-RAF-MEK pathway in determining goblet cell identity. Application of this technique and computational analyses to human colon specimens confirmed the reduced differentiation in colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to normal colon and revealed increased intratissue and intertissue heterogeneity in CRC with quantitative changes in the regulation of signaling pathways. Specifically, coregulation of the kinases p38 and ERK, the translation regulator 4EBP1, and the transcription factor CREB in proliferating normal colon cells was lost in CRC. Our data suggest that this single-cell approach, applied in conjunction with genomic annotation, enables the rapid and detailed characterization of cellular heterogeneity from clinical repositories of embedded human tissues. This technique can be used to derive cellular landscapes from archived patient samples (beyond CRC) and as a high-resolution tool for disease characterization and subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Simmons
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Cherié R Scurrah
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles A Herring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Simmons AJ, Banerjee A, McKinley ET, Scurrah CR, Herring CA, Gewin LS, Masuzaki R, Karp SJ, Franklin JL, Gerdes MJ, Irish JM, Coffey RJ, Lau KS. Cytometry-based single-cell analysis of intact epithelial signaling reveals MAPK activation divergent from TNF-α-induced apoptosis in vivo. Mol Syst Biol 2016; 12:881. [PMID: 27574014 PMCID: PMC5119492 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20167270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Buck JR, McKinley ET, Fu A, Abel TW, Thompson RC, Chambless L, Watchmaker JM, Harty JP, Cooper MK, Manning HC. Preclinical TSPO Ligand PET to Visualize Human Glioma Xenotransplants: A Preliminary Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141659. [PMID: 26517124 PMCID: PMC4627825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarkers for detection of infiltrating gliomas are limited. Translocator protein (TSPO) is a novel and promising biomarker for glioma PET imaging. To validate TSPO as a potential target for molecular imaging of glioma, TSPO expression was assayed in a tumor microarray containing 37 high-grade (III, IV) gliomas. TSPO staining was detected in all tumor specimens. Subsequently, PET imaging was performed with an aryloxyanilide-based TSPO ligand, [18F]PBR06, in primary orthotopic xenograft models of WHO grade III and IV gliomas. Selective uptake of [18F]PBR06 in engrafted tumor was measured. Furthermore, PET imaging with [18F]PBR06 demonstrated infiltrative glioma growth that was undetectable by traditional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Preliminary PET with [18F]PBR06 demonstrated a preferential tumor-to-normal background ratio in comparison to 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG). These results suggest that TSPO PET imaging with such high-affinity radiotracers may represent a novel strategy to characterize distinct molecular features of glioma growth, as well as better define the extent of glioma infiltration for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Buck
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Allie Fu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Ty W. Abel
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Reid C. Thompson
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Lola Chambless
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Watchmaker
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - James P. Harty
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Cooper
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - H. Charles Manning
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Simmons AJ, Banerjee A, McKinley ET, Scurrah CR, Herring CA, Gewin LS, Masuzaki R, Karp SJ, Franklin JL, Gerdes MJ, Irish JM, Coffey RJ, Lau KS. Cytometry-based single-cell analysis of intact epithelial signaling reveals MAPK activation divergent from TNF-α-induced apoptosis in vivo. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:835. [PMID: 26519361 PMCID: PMC4631206 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20156282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding heterogeneous cellular behaviors in a complex tissue requires the evaluation of signaling networks at single-cell resolution. However, probing signaling in epithelial tissues using cytometry-based single-cell analysis has been confounded by the necessity of single-cell dissociation, where disrupting cell-to-cell connections inherently perturbs native cell signaling states. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy (Disaggregation for Intracellular Signaling in Single Epithelial Cells from Tissue-DISSECT) that preserves native signaling for Cytometry Time-of-Flight (CyTOF) and fluorescent flow cytometry applications. A 21-plex CyTOF analysis encompassing core signaling and cell-identity markers was performed on the small intestinal epithelium after systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulation. Unsupervised and supervised analyses robustly selected signaling features that identify a unique subset of epithelial cells that are sensitized to TNF-α-induced apoptosis in the seemingly homogeneous enterocyte population. Specifically, p-ERK and apoptosis are divergently regulated in neighboring enterocytes within the epithelium, suggesting a mechanism of contact-dependent survival. Our novel single-cell approach can broadly be applied, using both CyTOF and multi-parameter flow cytometry, for investigating normal and diseased cell states in a wide range of epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Simmons
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cherie' R Scurrah
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles A Herring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryota Masuzaki
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seth J Karp
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jonathan M Irish
- Departments of Cancer Biology, and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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McKinley ET, Watchmaker JM, Chakravarthy AB, Meyerhardt JA, Engelman JA, Walker RC, Washington MK, Coffey RJ, Manning HC. [(18)F]-FLT PET to predict early response to neoadjuvant therapy in KRAS wild-type rectal cancer: a pilot study. Ann Nucl Med 2015; 29:535-42. [PMID: 25899481 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-0974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT This pilot study evaluated the utility of 3'-deoxy-3'[18F]-fluorothymidine ([(18)F]-FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy that included cetuximab in patients with wild-type KRAS rectal cancers. METHODS Baseline [(18)F]-FLT PET was collected prior to treatment initiation. Follow-up [(18)F]-FLT was collected after three weekly infusions of cetuximab, and following a combined regimen of cetuximab, 5-FU, and radiation. Imaging-matched biopsies were collected with each PET study. RESULTS Diminished [(18)F]-FLT PET was observed in 3/4 of patients following cetuximab treatment alone and in all patients following combination therapy. Reduced [(18)F]-FLT PET following combination therapy predicted disease-free status at surgery. Overall, [(18)F]-FLT PET agreed with Ki67 immunoreactivity from biopsy samples and surgically resected tissue, and was predictive of treatment-induced rise in p27 levels. CONCLUSION These results suggest that [(18)F]-FLT PET is a promising imaging biomarker to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy that included EGFR blockade with cetuximab in patients with rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot T McKinley
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical School, 1161 21st Ave. S., AA1105 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232-2310, USA
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McKinley ET, Zhao P, Coffey RJ, Washington MK, Manning HC. 3'-Deoxy-3'-[18F]-Fluorothymidine PET imaging reflects PI3K-mTOR-mediated pro-survival response to targeted therapy in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108193. [PMID: 25247710 PMCID: PMC4172755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers that predict response to targeted therapy in oncology are an essential component of personalized medicine. In preclinical treatment response studies that featured models of wild-type KRAS or mutant BRAF colorectal cancer treated with either cetuximab or vemurafenib, respectively, we illustrate that [18F]-FLT PET, a non-invasive molecular imaging readout of thymidine salvage, closely reflects pro-survival responses to targeted therapy that are mediated by PI3K-mTOR activity. Activation of pro-survival mechanisms forms the basis of numerous modes of resistance. Therefore, we conclude that [18F]-FLT PET may serve a novel and potentially critical role to predict tumors that exhibit molecular features that tend to reflect recalcitrance to MAPK-targeted therapy. Though these studies focused on colorectal cancer, we envision that the results may be applicable to other solid tumors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot T. McKinley
- The Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Ping Zhao
- The Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - H. Charles Manning
- The Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Powell AE, Vlacich G, Zhao ZY, McKinley ET, Washington MK, Manning HC, Coffey RJ. Inducible loss of one Apc allele in Lrig1-expressing progenitor cells results in multiple distal colonic tumors with features of familial adenomatous polyposis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G16-23. [PMID: 24833705 PMCID: PMC4080164 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00358.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) harbor a germline mutation in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). The major clinical manifestation is development of multiple colonic tumors at a young age due to stochastic loss of the remaining APC allele. Extracolonic features, including periampullary tumors, gastric abnormalities, and congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, may occur. The objective of this study was to develop a mouse model that simulates these features of FAP. We combined our Lrig1-CreERT2/+ mice with Apcfl/+ mice, eliminated one copy of Apc in leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1 (Lrig1)-positive (Lrig1(+)) progenitor cells with tamoxifen injection, and monitored tumor formation in the colon by colonoscopy and PET. Initial loss of one Apc allele in Lrig1(+) cells results in a predictable pattern of preneoplastic changes, culminating in multiple distal colonic tumors within 50 days of induction, as well as the extracolonic manifestations of FAP mentioned above. We show that tumor formation can be monitored by noninvasive PET imaging. This inducible stem cell-driven model recapitulates features of FAP and offers a tractable platform on which therapeutic interventions can be monitored over time by colonoscopy and noninvasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Powell
- 1Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Gregory Vlacich
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Zhen-Yang Zhao
- 3Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- 1Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - M. Kay Washington
- 4Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - H. Charles Manning
- 5Vanderbilt Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- 1Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,6Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Tang D, McKinley ET, Hight MR, Uddin MI, Harp JM, Fu A, Nickels ML, Buck JR, Manning HC. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5,6,7-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines: discovery of a novel TSPO PET ligand for cancer imaging. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3429-33. [PMID: 23521048 DOI: 10.1021/jm4001874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Focused library synthesis and structure-activity relationship development of 5,6,7-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines led to the discovery of 2-(5,7-diethyl-2-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-N,N-diethylacetamide (6b), a novel translocator protein (TSPO) ligand exhibiting a 36-fold enhancement in affinity compared to another pyrazolopyrimidine-based TSPO ligand, 6a (DPA-714). Radiolabeling with fluorine-18 ((18)F) facilitated production of 2-(5,7-diethyl-2-(4-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethoxy)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-N,N-diethylacetamide ((18)F-6b) in high radiochemical yield and specific activity. In vivo studies of (18)F-6b were performed which illuminated this agent as an improved probe for molecular imaging of TSPO-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Tang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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McKinley ET, Ayers GD, Smith RA, Saleh SA, Zhao P, Washington MK, Coffey RJ, Manning HC. Limits of [18F]-FLT PET as a biomarker of proliferation in oncology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58938. [PMID: 23554961 PMCID: PMC3598948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-invasive imaging biomarkers of cellular proliferation hold great promise for quantifying response to personalized medicine in oncology. An emerging approach to assess tumor proliferation utilizes the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 3’-deoxy-3’[18F]-fluorothymidine, [18F]-FLT. Though several studies have associated serial changes in [18F]-FLT-PET with elements of therapeutic response, the degree to which [18F]-FLT-PET quantitatively reflects proliferative index has been continuously debated for more that a decade. The goal of this study was to elucidate quantitative relationships between [18F]-FLT-PET and cellular metrics of proliferation in treatment naïve human cell line xenografts commonly employed in cancer research. Methods and Findings [18F]-FLT-PET was conducted in human cancer xenograft-bearing mice. Quantitative relationships between PET, thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) protein levels and immunostaining for proliferation markers (Ki67, TK1, PCNA) were evaluated using imaging-matched tumor specimens. Overall, we determined that [18F]-FLT-PET reflects TK1 protein levels, yet the cell cycle specificity of TK1 expression and the extent to which tumors utilize thymidine salvage for DNA synthesis decouple [18F]-FLT-PET data from standard estimates of proliferative index. Conclusions Our findings illustrate that [18F]-FLT-PET reflects tumor proliferation as a function of thymidine salvage pathway utilization. Unlike more general proliferation markers, such as Ki67, [18F]-FLT PET reflects proliferative indices to variable and potentially unreliable extents. [18F]-FLT-PET cannot discriminate moderately proliferative, thymidine salvage-driven tumors from those of high proliferative index that rely primarily upon de novo thymidine synthesis. Accordingly, the magnitude of [18F]-FLT uptake should not be considered a surrogate of proliferative index. These data rationalize the diversity of [18F]-FLT-PET correlative results previously reported and suggest future best-practices when [18F]-FLT-PET is employed in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot T. McKinley
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - R. Adam Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Samir A. Saleh
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ping Zhao
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mary Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - H. Charles Manning
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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McKinley ET, Smith RA, Zhao P, Fu A, Saleh SA, Uddin MI, Washington MK, Coffey RJ, Manning HC. 3'-Deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine PET predicts response to (V600E)BRAF-targeted therapy in preclinical models of colorectal cancer. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:424-30. [PMID: 23341544 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Selective inhibition of oncogenic targets and associated signaling pathways forms the basis of personalized cancer medicine. The clinical success of (V600E)BRAF inhibition in melanoma, coupled with the emergence of acquired resistance, underscores the importance of rigorously validating quantitative biomarkers of treatment response in this and similar settings. Because constitutive activation of BRAF leads to proliferation in tumors, we explored 3'-deoxy-3'-(18)F-fluorothymidine ((18)F-FLT) PET to noninvasively quantify changes in tumor proliferation that are associated with pharmacologic inhibition of (V600E)BRAF downstream effectors and that precede changes in tumor volume. METHODS Human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines expressing (V600E)BRAF were used to explore relationships between upregulation of p27 and phosphorylation of BRAF downstream effectors on small-molecule (V600E)BRAF inhibitor exposure. Athymic nude mice bearing (V600E)BRAF-expressing human CRC cell line xenografts were treated with a small-molecule (V600E)BRAF inhibitor (or vehicle) daily for 10 d. Predictive (18)F-FLT PET was conducted before changes in tumor volume occurred. Correlations were evaluated among PET, inhibition of phosphorylated MEK (p-MEK) and phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK) by Western blot, tumor proliferation by histology, and small-molecule exposure by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). RESULTS Treatment of CRC cell lines with PLX4720 reduced proliferation associated with target inhibition and upregulation of p27. In vivo, PLX4720 treatment reduced (18)F-FLT uptake, but not (18)F-FDG uptake, in Lim2405 xenografts before quantifiable differences in xenograft volume. Reduced (18)F-FLT PET reflected a modest, yet significant, reduction of Ki67 immunoreactivity, inhibition of p-MEK and p-ERK, and elevated tumor cell p27 protein levels. Both (18)F-FLT PET and (18)F-FDG PET accurately reflected a lack of response in HT-29 xenografts, which MALDI imaging mass spectrometry suggested may have stemmed from limited PLX4720 exposure. CONCLUSION We used preclinical models of CRC to demonstrate (18)F-FLT PET as a sensitive predictor of response to (V600E)BRAF inhibitors. Because (18)F-FLT PET predicted reduced proliferation associated with attenuation of BRAF downstream effectors, yet (18)F-FDG PET did not, these data suggest that (18)F-FLT PET may represent an alternative to (18)F-FDG PET for quantifying clinical responses to BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot T McKinley
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, USA
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McKinley ET, Smith RA, Tanksley JP, Washington MK, Walker R, Coffey RJ, Manning HC. [18F]FLT-PET to predict pharmacodynamic and clinical response to cetuximab therapy in Ménétrier's disease. Ann Nucl Med 2012; 26:757-63. [PMID: 22821337 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-012-0636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging biomarkers of proliferation hold great promise for quantifying response to personalized medicine. One such approach utilizes the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 3'-deoxy-3'[18F]-fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT), an investigational agent whose uptake reflects thymidine salvage-dependent DNA synthesis. The goal of this study was to evaluate [18F]FLT-PET in the setting of Ménétrier's disease (MD), a rare, premalignant hyperproliferative disorder of the stomach treatable with cetuximab therapy. Over 15 months, a patient with confirmed MD underwent cetuximab therapy and was followed with sequential [18F]FLT-PET. For comparison to MD, an [18F]FLT-PET study was conducted in another patient to quantify uptake in a normal stomach. Prior to cetuximab therapy, stomach tissue in MD was easily visualized with [18F]FLT-PET, with pre-treatment uptake levels exceeding normal stomach uptake by approximately fourfold. Diminished [18F]FLT-PET in MD was observed following the initial and subsequent doses of cetuximab and correlated with clinical resolution of the disease. To our knowledge, this study reports the first clinical use of [18F]FLT-PET to assess proliferation in a premalignant disorder. We illustrate that the extent of MD involvement throughout the stomach could be easily visualized using [18F]FLT-PET, and that response to cetuximab could be followed quantitatively and non-invasively in sequential [18F]FLT-PET studies. Thus, [18F]FLT-PET appears to have potential to monitor response to treatment in this and potentially other hyperproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot T McKinley
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave. S., AA1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA
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McKinley ET, Ayers GD, Smith RA, Washington MK, Coffey RJ, Manning HC. Abstract 376: Limits of [18F]-FLT PET as a predictive imaging biomarker of proliferation in oncology. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Surrogate, non-invasive imaging biomarkers of cellular proliferation hold great promise for quantifying response to personalized medicine in oncology. An emerging imaging approach to assess tumor proliferation utilizes the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 3′-deoxy-3′[18F]-fluorothymidine, [18F]-FLT. Though several studies have associated serial changes in [18F]-FLT-PET with elements of therapeutic response, the degree to which [18F]-FLT uptake quantitatively reflects proliferative index has been continuously debated for more that a decade. The goal of this preclinical study was to elucidate quantitative relationships between [18F]-FLT-PET and cellular, proteomic, and genomic metrics proliferation in treatment naive tumors. Methods and Findings: [18F]-FLT-PET imaging was conducted in mice bearing human colorectal or breast cancer cell line xenografts. Quantitative relationships between PET imaging, thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) protein and RNA levels, and immunostaining for proliferation markers (Ki67, TK1) were evaluated using imaging-matched tumor specimens. Overall, we found that [18F]-FLT-PET reflects TK1 protein levels in tumors. However, the cell cycle specificity of TK1 expression and the variable degree to which tumors utilize thymidine salvage for DNA synthesis tend to decouple [18F]-FLT-PET data from estimates of proliferation by standard, clinically employed means. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate that [18F]-FLT-PET reflects tumor proliferation as a function of thymidine salvage pathway utilization. Therefore, unlike more generalizable proliferation markers, such as Ki67 immunostaining, tumor uptake of [18F]-FLT reflects proliferative indices to variable and potentially unreliable extents. [18F]-FLT-PET can not discriminate moderately proliferative, thymidine salvage driven disease from highly proliferative tumors that rely primarily upon de novo thymidine synthesis. For those reasons, the magnitude of [18F]-FLT uptake in treatment naive tumors should not be considered a surrogate of proliferative index. These data provide rationale for the diversity of correlative results reported, both positive and discordant, comparing [18F]-FLT-PET and tumor proliferation across numerous single-center clinical studies and provide a basis for future clinical best-practices when this imaging biomarker is employed in oncology.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 376. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-376
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McKinley ET, Ayers GD, Smith RA, Zhao P, Washington MK, Manning HC. Abstract 4529: Prognostic implications of TSPO in human colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Translocator protein (TSPO), previously referred to as peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, is an 18kDa outer mitochondrial membrane protein involved in a number of cellular processes including steroid synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, proliferation, and apoptosis. Elevated TSPO expression has been linked with disease progression, diminished survival, and aggressiveness in a number of cancers. Studies conducted in our laboratory have demonstrated that positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with TSPO targeted probes can be used to non-invasively quantify TSPO levels in tumors. These imaging studies suggest that TSPO ligand PET may be a valuable clinical cancer imaging biomarker. In the current studies, TSPO expression in human colon cancer and paired liver metastases was evaluated using tissue microarrays. These arrays were constructed using 99 primary colon cancers and 95 matched primary colon cancers and liver metastases from Vanderbilt patients with known clinical outcomes. Among these, we found that nearly 2/3 of the colon cancers were positive for TSPO expression (64%). Similar to previous studies in other organ sites, elevated TSPO expression was significantly associated with higher tumor grade in the Vanderbilt cohort of CRC patients. Among patients with grade 2 or grade 3 tumors, an individual with elevated TSPO expression was 3 times more likely to have a grade 3 tumor than a grade 2 tumor. In comparing matched primary colon cancers and associated liver metastases, we found a strong concordance between TSPO levels and localization across matched specimens. No correlation was observed between TSPO expression and Ki67 or pEGFR levels suggesting the potentially unique information provided by the measurement of TSPO levels. In conclusion, clinically relevant prognostic information can be obtained by the measurement of TSPO expression in colorectal cancer. Thus, TSPO targeted PET may be a promising-non invasive biomarker in this setting.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4529. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4529
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ping Zhao
- 1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Tang D, Hight MR, McKinley ET, Fu A, Buck JR, Smith RA, Tantawy MN, Peterson TE, Colvin DC, Ansari MS, Nickels M, Manning HC. Quantitative preclinical imaging of TSPO expression in glioma using N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2-18F-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:287-94. [PMID: 22251555 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.095653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is a critical need to develop and rigorously validate molecular imaging biomarkers to aid diagnosis and characterization of primary brain tumors. Elevated expression of translocator protein (TSPO) has been shown to predict disease progression and aggressive, invasive behavior in a variety of solid tumors. Thus, noninvasive molecular imaging of TSPO expression could form the basis of a novel, predictive cancer imaging biomarker. In quantitative preclinical PET studies, we evaluated a high-affinity pyrazolopyrimidinyl-based TSPO imaging ligand, N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2-(18)F-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide ((18)F-DPA-714), as a translational probe for quantification of TSPO levels in glioma. METHODS Glioma-bearing rats were imaged with (18)F-DPA-714 in a small-animal PET system. Dynamic images were acquired simultaneously on injection of (18)F-DPA-714 (130-200 MBq/0.2 mL). Blood was collected to derive the arterial input function (AIF), with high-performance liquid chromatography radiometabolite analysis performed on selected samples for AIF correction. Compartmental modeling was performed using the corrected AIF. Specific tumor cell binding of DPA-714 was evaluated by radioligand displacement of (3)H-PK 11195 with DPA-714 in vitro and displacement of (18)F-DPA-714 with an excess of DPA-714 in vivo. Immediately after imaging, tumor and healthy brain tissues were harvested for validation by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS (18)F-DPA-714 was found to preferentially accumulate in tumors, with modest uptake in the contralateral brain. Infusion with DPA-714 (10 mg/kg) displaced (18)F-DPA-714 binding by greater than 60% on average. Tumor uptake of (18)F-DPA-714 was similar to another high-affinity TSPO imaging ligand, (18)F-N-fluoroacetyl-N-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-phenoxyaniline, and agreed with ex vivo assay of TSPO levels in tumor and healthy brain. CONCLUSION These studies illustrate the feasibility of using (18)F-DPA-714 for visualization of TSPO-expressing brain tumors. Importantly, (18)F-DPA-714 appears suitable for quantitative assay of tumor TSPO levels in vivo. Given the relationship between elevated TSPO levels and poor outcome in oncology, these studies suggest the potential of (18)F-DPA-714 PET to serve as a novel predictive cancer imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Tang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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McKinley ET, Bugaj JE, Zhao P, Guleryuz S, Mantis C, Gokhale PC, Wild R, Manning HC. 18FDG-PET predicts pharmacodynamic response to OSI-906, a dual IGF-1R/IR inhibitor, in preclinical mouse models of lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:3332-40. [PMID: 21257723 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography imaging ((18)FDG-PET) as a predictive, noninvasive, pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker of response following administration of a small-molecule insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor (IGF-1R/IR) inhibitor, OSI-906. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro uptake studies of (3)H-2-deoxy glucose following OSI-906 exposure were conducted evaluating correlation of dose with inhibition of IGF-1R/IR as well as markers of downstream pathways and glucose metabolism. Similarly, in vivo PD effects were evaluated in human tumor cell line xenografts propagated in athymic nude mice by (18)FDG-PET at 2, 4, and 24 hours following a single treatment of OSI-906 for the correlation of inhibition of receptor targets and downstream markers. RESULTS Uptake of (3)H-2-deoxy glucose and (18)FDG was significantly diminished following OSI-906 exposure in sensitive tumor cells and subcutaneous xenografts (NCI-H292) but not in an insensitive model lacking IGF-1R expression (NCI-H441). Diminished PD (18)FDG-PET, collected immediately following the initial treatment agreed with inhibition of pIGF-1R/pIR, reduced PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) pathway activity, and predicted tumor growth arrest as measured by high-resolution ultrasound imaging. CONCLUSION (18)FDG-PET seems to serve as a rapid, noninvasive PD marker of IGF-1R/IR inhibition following a single dose of OSI-906 and should be explored clinically as a predictive clinical biomarker in patients undergoing IGF-1R/IR-directed cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot T McKinley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, USA
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Hight MR, Nolting DD, McKinley ET, Lander AD, Wyatt SK, Gonyea M, Zhao P, Manning HC. Multispectral fluorescence imaging to assess pH in biological specimens. J Biomed Opt 2011; 16:016007. [PMID: 21280913 PMCID: PMC3041815 DOI: 10.1117/1.3533264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Simple, quantitative assays to measure pH in tissue could improve the study of complicated biological processes and diseases such as cancer. We evaluated multispectral fluorescence imaging (MSFI) to quantify extracellular pH (pHe) in dye-perfused, surgically-resected tumor specimens with commercially available instrumentation. Utilizing a water-soluble organic dye with pH-dependent fluorescence emission (SNARF-4F), we used standard fluorimetry to quantitatively assess the emission properties of the dye as a function of pH. By conducting these studies within the spectroscopic constraints imposed by the appropriate imaging filter set supplied with the imaging system, we determined that correction of the fluorescence emission of deprotonated dye was necessary for accurate determination of pH due to suboptimal excitation. Subsequently, employing a fluorimetry-derived correction factor (CF), MSFI data sets of aqueous dye solutions and tissuelike phantoms could be spectrally unmixed to accurately quantify equilibrium concentrations of protonated (HA) and deprotonated (A-) dye and thus determine solution pH. Finally, we explored the feasibility of MSFI for high-resolution pHe mapping of human colorectal cancer cell-line xenografts. Data presented suggest that MSFI is suitable for quantitative determination of pHe in ex vivo dye-perfused tissue, potentially enabling measurement of pH across a variety of preclinical models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hight
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Physics, Nashville, Tennessee 37221, USA
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Buck JR, McKinley ET, Hight MR, Fu A, Tang D, Smith RA, Tantawy MN, Peterson TE, Colvin D, Ansari MS, Baldwin RM, Zhao P, Guleryuz S, Manning HC. Quantitative, preclinical PET of translocator protein expression in glioma using 18F-N-fluoroacetyl-N-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-phenoxyaniline. J Nucl Med 2010; 52:107-14. [PMID: 21149488 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.081703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Translocator protein (TSPO), also referred to as peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), is a crucial 18-kDa outer mitochondrial membrane protein involved in numerous cellular functions, including the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, steroidogenesis, and apoptosis. Elevated expression of TSPO in oncology correlates with disease progression and poor survival, suggesting that molecular probes capable of assaying TSPO levels may have potential as cancer imaging biomarkers. In preclinical PET studies, we characterized a high-affinity aryloxyanilide-based TSPO imaging ligand, 18F-N-fluoroacetyl-N-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-phenoxyaniline (18F-PBR06), as a candidate probe for the quantitative assessment of TSPO expression in glioma. METHODS Glioma-bearing rats were imaged with 18F-PBR06 in a small-animal PET system. Dynamic images were acquired simultaneously on injection of 18F-PBR06 (70-100 MBq/0.2 mL). Over the course of scanning, arterial blood was collected to derive the input function, with high-performance liquid chromatography radiometabolite analysis performed on selected samples for arterial input function correction. Compartmental modeling of the PET data was performed using the corrected arterial input function. Specific tumor cell binding of PBR06 was evaluated by radioligand displacement of 3H-PK 11195 with PBR06 in vitro and by displacement of 18F-PBR06 with excess PBR06 in vivo. Immediately after imaging, tumor tissue and adjacent healthy brain were harvested for assay of TSPO protein levels by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS 18F-PBR06 was found to preferentially accumulate in tumors, with modest uptake in the contralateral brain, facilitating excellent contrast between tumor and adjacent tissue. Infusion with PBR06 (10 mg/kg) displaced 18F-PBR06 binding by approximately 75%. The accumulation of 18F-PBR06 in tumor tissues and adjacent brain agreed with the ex vivo assay of TSPO protein levels by Western blotting and quantitative immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION These preclinical studies illustrate that 18F-PBR06 is a promising tracer for visualization of TSPO-expressing tumors. Importantly, the close correlation between 18F-PBR06 uptake and TSPO expression in tumors and normal tissues, coupled with the high degree of displaceable binding from both tumors and the normal brain, represents a significant improvement over other TSPO imaging ligands previously evaluated in glioma. These data suggest the potential of 18F-PBR06 to elucidate the role of TSPO in oncology, as well as its potential development as a cancer imaging biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Buck
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiologyh and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, USA
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Ayers GD, McKinley ET, Zhao P, Fritz JM, Metry RE, Deal BC, Adlerz KM, Coffey RJ, Manning HC. Volume of preclinical xenograft tumors is more accurately assessed by ultrasound imaging than manual caliper measurements. J Ultrasound Med 2010; 29:891-901. [PMID: 20498463 PMCID: PMC2925269 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2010.29.6.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The volume of subcutaneous xenograft tumors is an important metric of disease progression and response to therapy in preclinical drug development. Noninvasive imaging technologies suitable for measuring xenograft volume are increasingly available, yet manual calipers, which are susceptible to inaccuracy and bias, are routinely used. The goal of this study was to quantify and compare the accuracy, precision, and inter-rater variability of xenograft tumor volume assessment by caliper measurements and ultrasound imaging. METHODS Subcutaneous xenograft tumors derived from human colorectal cancer cell lines (DLD1 and SW620) were generated in athymic nude mice. Experienced independent reviewers segmented 3-dimensional ultrasound data sets and collected manual caliper measurements resulting in tumor volumes. Imaging- and caliper-derived volumes were compared with the tumor mass, the reference standard, determined after resection. Bias, precision, and inter-rater differences were estimated for each mouse among reviewers. Bootstrapping was used to estimate mean and confidence intervals of variance components, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and confidence intervals for each source of variation. RESULTS The average deviation from the true volume and inter-rater differences were significantly lower for ultrasound volumes compared with caliper volumes (P = .0005 and .001, respectively). Reviewer ICCs for ultrasound and caliper measurements were similarly low (1%), yet caliper volume variance was 1.3-fold higher than for ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound imaging more accurately, precisely, and reproducibly reflects xenograft tumor volume than caliper measurements. These data suggest that preclinical studies using the xenograft burden as a surrogate end point measured by ultrasound imaging require up to 30% fewer animals to reach statistical significance compared with analogous studies using caliper measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- The Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Ping Zhao
- The Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Jordan M. Fritz
- The Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Rebecca E. Metry
- The Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Brenton C. Deal
- The Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Katrina M. Adlerz
- The Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - H. Charles Manning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- The Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
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Shah C, Miller TW, Wyatt SK, McKinley ET, Olivares MG, Sanchez V, Nolting DD, Buck JR, Zhao P, Ansari MS, Baldwin RM, Gore JC, Schiff R, Arteaga CL, Manning HC. Imaging biomarkers predict response to anti-HER2 (ErbB2) therapy in preclinical models of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4712-21. [PMID: 19584166 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate noninvasive imaging methods as predictive biomarkers of response to trastuzumab in mouse models of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. The correlation between tumor regression and molecular imaging of apoptosis, glucose metabolism, and cellular proliferation was evaluated longitudinally in responding and nonresponding tumor-bearing cohorts. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Mammary tumors from MMTV/HER2 transgenic female mice were transplanted into syngeneic female mice. BT474 human breast carcinoma cell line xenografts were grown in athymic nude mice. Tumor cell apoptosis (NIR700-Annexin V accumulation), glucose metabolism [2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET)], and proliferation [3'-[18F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine-PET ([18F]FLT-PET)] were evaluated throughout a biweekly trastuzumab regimen. Imaging metrics were validated by direct measurement of tumor size and immunohistochemical analysis of cleaved caspase-3, phosphorylated AKT, and Ki67. RESULTS NIR700-Annexin V accumulated significantly in trastuzumab-treated MMTV/HER2 and BT474 tumors that ultimately regressed but not in nonresponding or vehicle-treated tumors. Uptake of [18F]FDG was not affected by trastuzumab treatment in MMTV/HER2 or BT474 tumors. [18F]FLT-PET imaging predicted trastuzumab response in BT474 tumors but not in MMTV/HER2 tumors, which exhibited modest uptake of [18F]FLT. Close agreement was observed between imaging metrics and immunohistochemical analysis. CONCLUSIONS Molecular imaging of apoptosis accurately predicts trastuzumab-induced regression of HER2+ tumors and may warrant clinical exploration to predict early response to neoadjuvant trastuzumab. Trastuzumab does not seem to alter glucose metabolism substantially enough to afford [18F]FDG-PET significant predictive value in this setting. Although promising in one preclinical model, further studies are required to determine the overall value of [18F]FLT-PET as a biomarker of response to trastuzumab in HER2+ breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Diagnostic Imaging/methods
- Dideoxynucleosides
- Female
- Fluorine Radioisotopes
- Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
- Glucose/metabolism
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, Transgenic
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Reproducibility of Results
- Trastuzumab
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu Shah
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Manning HC, Merchant NB, Foutch AC, Virostko JM, Wyatt SK, Shah C, McKinley ET, Xie J, Mutic NJ, Washington MK, LaFleur B, Tantawy MN, Peterson TE, Ansari MS, Baldwin RM, Rothenberg ML, Bornhop DJ, Gore JC, Coffey RJ. Molecular imaging of therapeutic response to epidermal growth factor receptor blockade in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 14:7413-22. [PMID: 19010858 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate noninvasive molecular imaging methods as correlative biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy of cetuximab in human colorectal cancer cell line xenografts grown in athymic nude mice. The correlation between molecular imaging and immunohistochemical analysis to quantify epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding, apoptosis, and proliferation was evaluated in treated and untreated tumor-bearing cohorts. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Optical imaging probes targeting EGF receptor (EGFR) expression (NIR800-EGF) and apoptosis (NIR700-Annexin V) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Proliferation was assessed by 3'-[18F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine ([18F]FLT) positron emission tomography. Assessment of inhibition of EGFR signaling by cetuximab was accomplished by concomitant imaging of NIR800-EGF, NIR700-Annexin V, and [18F]FLT in cetuximab-sensitive (DiFi) and insensitive (HCT-116) human colorectal cancer cell line xenografts. Imaging results were validated by measurement of tumor size and immunohistochemical analysis of total and phosphorylated EGFR, caspase-3, and Ki-67 immediately following in vivo imaging. RESULTS NIR800-EGF accumulation in tumors reflected relative EGFR expression and EGFR occupancy by cetuximab. NIR700-Annexin V accumulation correlated with cetuximab-induced apoptosis as assessed by immunohistochemical staining of caspase-3. No significant difference in tumor proliferation was noted between treated and untreated animals by [18F]FLT positron emission tomography or Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Molecular imaging can accurately assess EGF binding, proliferation, and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer xenografts. These imaging approaches may prove useful for serial, noninvasive monitoring of the biological effects of EGFR inhibition in preclinical studies. It is anticipated that these assays can be adapted for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Charles Manning
- Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Pickus EJ, Lionelli GT, McKinley ET, Lawrence WT, Witt PD. Digital constriction bands in pseudoainhum: morphological radiographic, and histological analysis. Ann Plast Surg 2001; 47:194-8. [PMID: 11506331 DOI: 10.1097/00000637-200108000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoainhum is a rare condition of unknown etiology that produces digital constricting rings, most commonly on the small fingers. A thorough discussion of pseudoainhum in the plastic surgical literature is apparently lacking at this time. The authors describe the gross morphology, radiographic and laboratory features, and surgical pathology of the disease, and provide well-defined guidelines for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Pickus
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
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