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Moye AL, Dost AF, Ietswaart R, Sengupta S, Ya V, Aluya C, Fahey CG, Louie SM, Paschini M, Kim CF. Early-stage lung cancer is driven by a transitional cell state dependent on a KRAS-ITGA3-SRC axis. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00113-5. [PMID: 38755258 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycine-12 mutations in the GTPase KRAS (KRASG12) are an initiating event for development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). KRASG12 mutations promote cell-intrinsic rewiring of alveolar type-II progenitor (AT2) cells, but to what extent such changes interplay with lung homeostasis and cell fate pathways is unclear. Here, we generated single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) profiles from AT2-mesenchyme organoid co-cultures, mice, and stage-IA LUAD patients, identifying conserved regulators of AT2 transcriptional dynamics and defining the impact of KRASG12D mutation with temporal resolution. In AT2WT organoids, we found a transient injury/plasticity state preceding AT2 self-renewal and AT1 differentiation. Early-stage AT2KRAS cells exhibited perturbed gene expression dynamics, most notably retention of the injury/plasticity state. The injury state in AT2KRAS cells of patients, mice, and organoids was distinguishable from AT2WT states via altered receptor expression, including co-expression of ITGA3 and SRC. The combination of clinically relevant KRASG12D and SRC inhibitors impaired AT2KRAS organoid growth. Together, our data show that an injury/plasticity state essential for lung repair is co-opted during AT2 self-renewal and LUAD initiation, suggesting that early-stage LUAD may be susceptible to interventions that target specifically the oncogenic nature of this cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Moye
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonella Fm Dost
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Hubrecht Institute, Oncode Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Shreoshi Sengupta
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - VanNashlee Ya
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chrystal Aluya
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline G Fahey
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard University and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon M Louie
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margherita Paschini
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Loos NHC, Sparidans RW, Heydari P, Bui V, Lebre MC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. The ABCB1 and ABCG2 efflux transporters limit brain disposition of the SYK inhibitors entospletinib and lanraplenib. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116911. [PMID: 38527694 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The highly selective Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) inhibitors entospletinib and lanraplenib disrupt kinase activity and inhibit immune cell functions. They are developed for treatment of B-cell malignancies and autoimmunity diseases. The impact of P-gp/ABCB1 and BCRP/ABCG2 efflux transporters, OATP1a/1b uptake transporters and CYP3A drug-metabolizing enzymes on the oral pharmacokinetics of these drugs was assessed using mouse models. Entospletinib and lanraplenib were orally administered simultaneously at moderate dosages (10 mg/kg each) to female mice to assess the possibility of examining two structurally and mechanistically similar drugs at the same time, while reducing the number of experimental animals and sample-processing workload. The plasma pharmacokinetics of both drugs were not substantially restricted by Abcb1 or Abcg2. The brain-to-plasma ratios of entospletinib in Abcb1a/b-/-, Abcg2-/- and Abcb1a/b;Abcg2-/- mice were 1.7-, 1.8- and 2.9-fold higher, respectively, compared to those in wild-type mice. For lanraplenib these brain-to-plasma ratios were 3.0-, 1.3- and 10.4-fold higher, respectively. This transporter-mediated restriction of brain penetration for both drugs could be almost fully inhibited by coadministration of the dual ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor elacridar, without signs of acute toxicity. Oatp1a/b and human CYP3A4 did not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of entospletinib and lanraplenib, but mouse Cyp3a may limit lanraplenib plasma exposure. Unexpectedly, entospletinib and lanraplenib increased each other's plasma exposure by 2.6- to 2.9-fold, indicating a significant drug-drug interaction. This interaction was, however, unlikely to be mediated through any of the studied transporters or CYP3A. The obtained insights may perhaps help to further improve the safety and efficacy of entospletinib and lanraplenib.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Female
- Mice
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/drug effects
- Syk Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Syk Kinase/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Administration, Oral
- Indazoles
- Morpholines
- Pyrazines
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H C Loos
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paniz Heydari
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viët Bui
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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3
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Wißfeld J, Abou Assale T, Cuevas-Rios G, Liao H, Neumann H. Therapeutic potential to target sialylation and SIGLECs in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1330874. [PMID: 38529039 PMCID: PMC10961342 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1330874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, commonly found as the terminal carbohydrate on the glycocalyx of mammalian cells, are pivotal checkpoint inhibitors of the innate immune system, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS). Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (SIGLECs) expressed on microglia are key players in maintaining microglial homeostasis by recognizing intact sialylation. The finely balanced sialic acid-SIGLEC system ensures the prevention of excessive and detrimental immune responses in the CNS. However, loss of sialylation and SIGLEC receptor dysfunctions contribute to several chronic CNS diseases. Genetic variants of SIGLEC3/CD33, SIGLEC11, and SIGLEC14 have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, while sialyltransferase ST8SIA2 and SIGLEC4/MAG have been linked to psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. Consequently, immune-modulatory functions of polysialic acids and SIGLEC binding antibodies have been exploited experimentally in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and inflammation-induced CNS tissue damage, including retinal damage. While the potential of these therapeutic approaches is evident, only a few therapies to target either sialylation or SIGLEC receptors have been tested in patient clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview of the critical role played by the sialic acid-SIGLEC axis in shaping microglial activation and function within the context of neurodegeneration and synaptopathies and discuss the current landscape of therapies that target sialylation or SIGLECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wißfeld
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tawfik Abou Assale
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - German Cuevas-Rios
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Huan Liao
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Creus-Muncunill J, Haure-Mirande JV, Mattei D, Bons J, Ramirez AV, Hamilton BW, Corwin C, Chowdhury S, Schilling B, Ellerby LM, Ehrlich ME. TYROBP/DAP12 knockout in Huntington's disease Q175 mice cell-autonomously decreases microglial expression of disease-associated genes and non-cell-autonomously mitigates astrogliosis and motor deterioration. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:66. [PMID: 38459557 PMCID: PMC10924371 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the Huntingtin gene (HTT). Immune activation is abundant in the striatum of HD patients. Detection of active microglia at presymptomatic stages suggests that microgliosis is a key early driver of neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Recent studies showed that deletion of Tyrobp, a microglial protein, ameliorates neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease amyloidopathy and tauopathy mouse models while decreasing components of the complement subnetwork. OBJECTIVE While TYROBP/DAP12-mediated microglial activation is detrimental for some diseases such as peripheral nerve injury, it is beneficial for other diseases. We sought to determine whether the TYROBP network is implicated in HD and whether Tyrobp deletion impacts HD striatal function and transcriptomics. METHODS To test the hypothesis that Tyrobp deficiency would be beneficial in an HD model, we placed the Q175 HD mouse model on a Tyrobp-null background. We characterized these mice with a combination of behavioral testing, immunohistochemistry, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Further, we evaluated the gene signature in isolated Q175 striatal microglia, with and without Tyrobp. RESULTS Comprehensive analysis of publicly available human HD transcriptomic data revealed that the TYROBP network is overactivated in the HD putamen. The Q175 mice showed morphologic microglial activation, reduced levels of post-synaptic density-95 protein and motor deficits at 6 and 9 months of age, all of which were ameliorated on the Tyrobp-null background. Gene expression analysis revealed that lack of Tyrobp in the Q175 model does not prevent the decrease in the expression of striatal neuronal genes but reduces pro-inflammatory pathways that are specifically active in HD human brain, including genes identified as detrimental in neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. C1q and members of the Ccr5 signaling pathway. Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed that astrogliosis and complement system pathway were reduced after Tyrobp deletion, which was further validated by immunofluorescence analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide molecular and functional support demonstrating that Tyrobp deletion prevents many of the abnormalities in the HD Q175 mouse model, suggesting that the Tyrobp pathway is a potential therapeutic candidate for Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniele Mattei
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Angie V Ramirez
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - B Wade Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Chuhyon Corwin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Chowdhury
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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5
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Vikár S, Szilveszter KP, Koszorú K, Sárdy M, Mócsai A. The Syk Inhibitor Entospletinib Abolishes Dermal-Epidermal Separation in a Fully Human Ex Vivo Model of Bullous Pemphigoid. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00080-0. [PMID: 38296021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoantibody-mediated blistering skin disease characterized by local inflammation and dermal-epidermal separation, with no approved targeted therapy. The Syk tyrosine kinase is critical for various functions of the immune response. Second-generation Syk inhibitors such as entospletinib are currently being tested for hematological malignancies. Our aim was to test the effect of entospletinib in a fully human model system of BP. Incubating BP serum-treated human frozen skin sections with normal human granulocytes and fresh plasma triggered dermal-epidermal separation that was dependent on complement, NADPH oxidase, and protease activity. Entospletinib dramatically reduced dermal-epidermal separation with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of ≈16 nM. Entospletinib also reduced ROS production, granule release, and spreading of human granulocytes plated on immobilized immune complexes consisting either of a generic antigen-antibody pair or of recombinant collagen type XVII (BPAg2) and BP serum components (supposedly autoantibodies). However, entospletinib did not affect the chemotactic migration of human granulocytes or their responses to nonphysiological stimulation by phorbol esters. Entospletinib had no effect on the survival of granulocytes either. Taken together, entospletinib abrogates dermal-epidermal separation, likely through inhibition of granulocyte responsiveness to deposited immune complexes. Entospletinib or other Syk inhibitors may provide therapeutic benefits in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vikár
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata P Szilveszter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kamilla Koszorú
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sárdy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN-SU Inflammation Physiology Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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6
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Abstract
Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) encompass a family of cell-surface receptors chiefly expressed by granulocytes, monocytes and tissue macrophages. These receptors have been implicated in inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, bone remodelling, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and cancer. Here, I review the structure, ligands, signalling modes and functions of TREMs in humans and mice and discuss the challenges that remain in understanding TREM biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Balog BM, Sonti A, Zigmond RE. Neutrophil biology in injuries and diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 228:102488. [PMID: 37355220 PMCID: PMC10528432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in nervous system injury and disease is attracting increased attention. Much of that research has focused on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and macrophages in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Much less attention has been paid to the roles played by neutrophils. Neutrophils are part of the granulocyte subtype of myeloid cells. These cells, like macrophages, originate and differentiate in the bone marrow from which they enter the circulation. After tissue damage or infection, neutrophils are the first immune cells to infiltrate into tissues and are directed there by specific chemokines, which act on chemokine receptors on neutrophils. We have reviewed here the basic biology of these cells, including their differentiation, the types of granules they contain, the chemokines that act on them, the subpopulations of neutrophils that exist, and their functions. We also discuss tools available for identification and further study of neutrophils. We then turn to a review of what is known about the role of neutrophils in CNS and PNS diseases and injury, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries, CNS and PNS axon regeneration, and neuropathic pain. While in the past studies have focused on neutrophils deleterious effects, we will highlight new findings about their benefits. Studies on their actions should lead to identification of ways to modify neutrophil effects to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Balog
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA
| | - Anisha Sonti
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA
| | - Richard E Zigmond
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA.
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8
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Metzemaekers M, Malengier-Devlies B, Gouwy M, De Somer L, Cunha FDQ, Opdenakker G, Proost P. Fast and furious: The neutrophil and its armamentarium in health and disease. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1537-1606. [PMID: 37036061 DOI: 10.1002/med.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are powerful effector cells leading the first wave of acute host-protective responses. These innate leukocytes are endowed with oxidative and nonoxidative defence mechanisms, and play well-established roles in fighting invading pathogens. With microbicidal weaponry largely devoid of specificity and an all-too-well recognized toxicity potential, collateral damage may occur in neutrophil-rich diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils are more versatile, heterogeneous, and sophisticated cells than initially thought. At the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity, neutrophils demonstrate their multifaceted functions in infectious and noninfectious pathologies including cancer, autoinflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the kinetics of neutrophils and their products of activation from bench to bedside during health and disease, and provide an overview of the versatile functions of neutrophils as key modulators of immune responses and physiological processes. We focus specifically on those activities and concepts that have been validated with primary human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Malengier-Devlies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at the University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Yoo Y, Neumayer G, Shibuya Y, Mader MMD, Wernig M. A cell therapy approach to restore microglial Trem2 function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1043-1053.e6. [PMID: 37541210 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the grand challenges facing human society. Much controversy exists around the complex and multifaceted pathogenesis of this prevalent disease. Given strong human genetic evidence, there is little doubt, however, that microglia play an important role in preventing degeneration of neurons. For example, loss of function of the microglial gene Trem2 renders microglia dysfunctional and causes an early-onset neurodegenerative syndrome, and Trem2 variants are among the strongest genetic risk factors for AD. Thus, restoring microglial function represents a rational therapeutic approach. Here, we show that systemic hematopoietic cell transplantation followed by enhancement of microglia replacement restores microglial function in a Trem2 mutant mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Yoo
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gernot Neumayer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yohei Shibuya
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Marc-Daniel Mader
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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10
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Furuya H, Nguyen CT, Gu R, Hsieh SL, Maverakis E, Adamopoulos IE. Interleukin-23 Regulates Inflammatory Osteoclastogenesis via Activation of CLEC5A(+) Osteoclast Precursors. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1477-1489. [PMID: 36787107 PMCID: PMC10423744 DOI: 10.1002/art.42478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of interleukin-23 (IL-23) in pathologic bone remodeling in inflammatory arthritis. METHODS In this study we investigated the role of IL-23 in osteoclast differentiation and activation using in vivo gene transfer techniques in wild-type and myeloid DNAX-activation protein 12-associating lectin-1 (MDL-1)-deficient mice, and by performing in vitro and in vivo osteoclastogenesis assays using spectral flow cytometry, micro-computed tomography analysis, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Herein, we show that IL-23 induces the expansion of a myeloid osteoclast precursor population and supports osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in inflammatory arthritis. Genetic ablation of C-type lectin domain family member 5A, also known as MDL-1, prevents the induction of osteoclast precursors by IL-23 that is associated with bone destruction, as commonly observed in inflammatory arthritis. Moreover, osteoclasts derived from the bone marrow of MDL-1-deficient mice showed impaired osteoclastogenesis, and MDL-1-/- mice had increased bone mineral density. CONCLUSION Our data show that IL-23 signaling regulates the availability of osteoclast precursors in inflammatory arthritis that could be effectively targeted for the treatment of inflammatory bone loss in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Furuya
- Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Cuong Thach Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis
| | - Ran Gu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis
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11
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Maldonado H, Leyton L. CSK-mediated signalling by integrins in cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1214787. [PMID: 37519303 PMCID: PMC10382208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1214787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and metastasis are processes heavily controlled by the integrin receptor family. Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that constitute the central components of mechanosensing complexes called focal adhesions, which connect the extracellular environment with the cell interior. Focal adhesions act as key players in cancer progression by regulating biological processes, such as cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival. Src family kinases (SFKs) can interplay with integrins and their downstream effectors. SFKs also integrate extracellular cues sensed by integrins and growth factor receptors (GFR), transducing them to coordinate metastasis and cell survival in cancer. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase CSK is a well-known SFK member that suppresses SFK activity by phosphorylating its specific negative regulatory loop (C-terminal Y527 residue). Consequently, CSK may play a pivotal role in tumour progression and suppression by inhibiting SFK oncogenic effects in several cancer types. Remarkably, CSK can localise near focal adhesions when SFKs are activated and even interact with focal adhesion components, such as phosphorylated FAK and Paxillin, among others, suggesting that CSK may regulate focal adhesion dynamics and structure. Even though SFK oncogenic signalling has been extensively described before, the specific role of CSK and its crosstalk with integrins in cancer progression, for example, in mechanosensing, remain veiled. Here, we review how CSK, by regulating SFKs, can regulate integrin signalling, and focus on recent discoveries of mechanotransduction. We additionally examine the cross talk of integrins and GFR as well as the membrane availability of these receptors in cancer. We also explore new pharmaceutical approaches to these signalling pathways and analyse them as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Maldonado
- Receptor Dynamics in Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Futosi K, Németh T, Horváth ÁI, Abram CL, Tusnády S, Lowell CA, Helyes Z, Mócsai A. Myeloid Src-family kinases are critical for neutrophil-mediated autoinflammation in gout and motheaten models. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221010. [PMID: 37074415 PMCID: PMC10120404 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases include a number of monogenic systemic inflammatory diseases, as well as acquired autoinflammatory diseases such as gout. Here, we show that the myeloid Src-family kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn are critical for experimental models of gout, as well as for genetically determined systemic inflammation in the Ptpn6me-v/me-v (motheaten viable) mouse model. The Hck-/-Fgr-/-Lyn-/- mutation abrogated various monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced pro-inflammatory responses of neutrophils, and protected mice from the development of gouty arthritis. The Src-family inhibitor dasatinib abrogated MSU crystal-induced responses of human neutrophils and reduced experimental gouty arthritis in mice. The Hck-/-Fgr-/-Lyn-/- mutation also abrogated spontaneous inflammation and prolonged the survival of the Ptpn6me-v/me-v mice. Spontaneous adhesion and superoxide release of Ptpn6me-v/me-v neutrophils were also abolished by the Hck-/-Fgr-/-Lyn-/- mutation. Excessive activation of tyrosine phosphorylation pathways in myeloid cells may characterize a subset of autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Inflammation Physiology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám I. Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Clare L. Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simon Tusnády
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Clifford A. Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd., Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Inflammation Physiology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Németh T, Balogh L, Káposztás E, Szilveszter KP, Mócsai A. Neutrophil-Specific Syk Expression Is Crucial for Skin Disease in Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1147-1156. [PMID: 36641133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies against the dermal-epidermal junction component type VII collagen (C7) trigger skin disease in the inflammatory form of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. We have previously identified the Syk tyrosine kinase as a crucial participant in anti-C7 antibody-induced experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. However, it is still unclear which cellular lineage needs to express Syk during the disease process. In this study, we show that the loss of Syk, specifically from neutrophils, results in complete protection from the anti-C7 antibody-initiated skin disease both macroscopically and microscopically. Mice with a neutrophil-specific Syk deletion had decreased neutrophil accumulation and abrogated CXCL2 and IL-1β levels in the skin upon anti-C7 treatment, whereas isolated Syk-deficient neutrophils had decreased superoxide release, cell spreading, and cytokine release on C7-anti-C7 immune complex surfaces. Entospletinib and lanraplenib, two second-generation Syk-specific inhibitors, effectively abrogated immune complex-induced responses of human neutrophils and decreased the anti-C7 antibody-initiated, neutrophil-mediated ex vivo dermal-epidermal separation in human skin samples. Taken together, these results point to a crucial role for Syk in neutrophils in the development and progression of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and suggest Syk inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE "Lendület" ("Momentum") Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lili Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE "Lendület" ("Momentum") Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Káposztás
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE "Lendület" ("Momentum") Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata P Szilveszter
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Hocini H, Wiedemann A, Blengio F, Lefebvre C, Cervantes-Gonzalez M, Foucat E, Tisserand P, Surenaud M, Coléon S, Prague M, Guillaumat L, Krief C, Fenwick C, Laouénan C, Bouadma L, Ghosn J, Pantaleo G, Thiébaut R, Lévy Y. Neutrophil Activation and Immune Thrombosis Profiles Persist in Convalescent COVID-19. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:882-893. [PMID: 36943669 PMCID: PMC10029801 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Following a severe COVID-19 infection, a proportion of individuals develop prolonged symptoms. We investigated the immunological dysfunction that underlies the persistence of symptoms months after the resolution of acute COVID-19. METHODS We analyzed cytokines, cell phenotypes, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific and neutralizing antibodies, and whole blood gene expression profiles in convalescent severe COVID-19 patients 1, 3, and 6 months following hospital discharge. RESULTS We observed persistent abnormalities until month 6 marked by (i) high serum levels of monocyte/macrophage and endothelial activation markers, chemotaxis, and hematopoietic cytokines; (ii) a high frequency of central memory CD4+ and effector CD8+ T cells; (iii) a decrease in anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike and neutralizing antibodies; and (iv) an upregulation of genes related to platelet, neutrophil activation, erythrocytes, myeloid cell differentiation, and RUNX1 signaling. We identified a "core gene signature" associated with a history of thrombotic events, with upregulation of a set of genes involved in neutrophil activation, platelet, hematopoiesis, and blood coagulation. CONCLUSION The lack of restoration of gene expression to a normal profile after up to 6 months of follow-up, even in asymptomatic patients who experienced severe COVID-19, signals the need to carefully extend their clinical follow-up and propose preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Hocini
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Aurélie Wiedemann
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Fabiola Blengio
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Cécile Lefebvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez
- Département Épidémiologie Biostatistiques Et Recherche Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique-Epidémiologie Clinique 1425, 75018, Paris, France
- UMR 1137, Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, 75018, Paris, France
- APHP- Hôpital Bichat - Médecine Intensive et Réanimation des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Emile Foucat
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Pascaline Tisserand
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Surenaud
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Séverin Coléon
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Mélanie Prague
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
- Department of Public Health, Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inria SISTM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lydia Guillaumat
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Corinne Krief
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Craig Fenwick
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Laouénan
- Département Épidémiologie Biostatistiques Et Recherche Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique-Epidémiologie Clinique 1425, 75018, Paris, France
- UMR 1137, Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Lila Bouadma
- UMR 1137, Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, 75018, Paris, France
- APHP- Hôpital Bichat - Médecine Intensive et Réanimation des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Jade Ghosn
- UMR 1137, Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, 75018, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Maladies Infectieuses Et Tropicales, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
- Department of Public Health, Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inria SISTM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France.
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15
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Conley HE, Sheats MK. Targeting Neutrophil β 2-Integrins: A Review of Relevant Resources, Tools, and Methods. Biomolecules 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37371473 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important innate immune cells that respond during inflammation and infection. These migratory cells utilize β2-integrin cell surface receptors to move out of the vasculature into inflamed tissues and to perform various anti-inflammatory responses. Although critical for fighting off infection, neutrophil responses can also become dysregulated and contribute to disease pathophysiology. In order to limit neutrophil-mediated damage, investigators have focused on β2-integrins as potential therapeutic targets, but so far these strategies have failed in clinical trials. As the field continues to move forward, a better understanding of β2-integrin function and signaling will aid the design of future therapeutics. Here, we provide a detailed review of resources, tools, experimental methods, and in vivo models that have been and will continue to be utilized to investigate the vitally important cell surface receptors, neutrophil β2-integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh E Conley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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16
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Criado PR, Lorenzini D, Miot HA, Bueno-Filho R, Carneiro FRO, Ianhez M. New small molecules in dermatology: for the autoimmunity, inflammation and beyond. Inflamm Res 2023:10.1007/s00011-023-01744-w. [PMID: 37212867 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The discovery of new inflammatory pathways and the mechanism of action of inflammatory, autoimmune, genetic, and neoplastic diseases led to the development of immunologically driven drugs. We aimed to perform a narrative review regarding the rising of a new class of drugs capable of blocking important and specific intracellular signals in the maintenance of these pathologies: the small molecules. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 114 scientific papers were enrolled in this narrative review. RESULTS We describe in detail the families of protein kinases-Janus Kinase (JAK), Src kinase, Syk tyrosine kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), and Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK)-their physiologic function and new drugs that block these pathways of intracellular signaling. We also detail the involved cytokines and the main metabolic and clinical implications of these new medications in the field of dermatology. CONCLUSIONS Despite having lower specificity compared to specific immunobiological therapies, these new drugs are effective in a wide variety of dermatological diseases, especially diseases that had few therapeutic options, such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Criado
- Faculdade de Medicina Do ABC, Post-Graduation Program, Full Researcher, Santo André, Rua Carneiro Leão 33, Vila Scarpelli, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Lorenzini
- Santa Casa de Misericórida de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Bueno-Filho
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School-University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Mayra Ianhez
- Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) E Hospital de Doenças Tropicais (HDT-GO), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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17
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Ulaganathan VK, Vasileva MH. A strategy for uncovering germline variants altering anti-tumor CD8 T cell response. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:353-361. [PMID: 36690075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Among many factors known to alter the outcomes of T cell receptor (TCR)-induced proximal signaling, the role of human germline variants in dictating the individuality of the anti-tumor CD8 T cell response has remained challenging to address. Here, we describe a convenient strategy for molecular and functional characterization of phosphotyrosine-altering non-synonymous single nucleotide variations (pTyr-SNVs) that directly impact TCR-induced proximal phosphotyrosine motif-based signaling pathways. We devised an experimental co-cultivation set-up comprising a C57BL/6 mouse-derived metastatic melanoma cell line engineered to constitutively present ovalbumin (OVA) antigens and retrovirally engineered syngeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I restricted OVA TCR-transgenic CD8 T cells (OT-I). Using the synthetic version of pTyr-SNV rs1178800678-G/T, encoding integrin alpha 4 (ITGA4) p.S1027I variant as a prototype, which generates a membrane-proximal immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif (ITAM), we show that under identical TCR stimulation conditions, genetically determined membrane-proximal ITAM elevates tyrosine phosphorylation of proximal signaling molecule 70 kDa zeta-chain-associated protein (ZAP70) and the levels of cytotoxic effector molecule granzyme B (GZMB), thereby contributing to enhanced cytotoxic activity against metastatic melanoma cell line. This strategy paves the way for rapid molecular and functional characterization of anti-tumor immune response-linked germline pTyr-SNVs so as to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of individual-to-individual differences in anti-tumor CD8 T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Ulaganathan
- Klinik für Dermatologie & Allergology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany; Institut für Multiple Sklerose Forschung, Neuroimmunologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany; University of Lorraine, NGERE Unit, Faculté de Médecine, 9 Avenue de La Forêt de Haye, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54505, France.
| | - Martina H Vasileva
- Klinik für Dermatologie & Allergology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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18
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Wang S, Sudan R, Peng V, Zhou Y, Du S, Yuede CM, Lei T, Hou J, Cai Z, Cella M, Nguyen K, Poliani PL, Beatty WL, Chen Y, Cao S, Lin K, Rodrigues C, Ellebedy AH, Gilfillan S, Brown GD, Holtzman DM, Brioschi S, Colonna M. TREM2 drives microglia response to amyloid-β via SYK-dependent and -independent pathways. Cell 2022; 185:4153-4169.e19. [PMID: 36306735 PMCID: PMC9625082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have highlighted microglia as pivotal in orchestrating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia that adhere to Aβ plaques acquire a transcriptional signature, "disease-associated microglia" (DAM), which largely emanates from the TREM2-DAP12 receptor complex that transmits intracellular signals through the protein tyrosine kinase SYK. The human TREM2R47H variant associated with high AD risk fails to activate microglia via SYK. We found that SYK-deficient microglia cannot encase Aβ plaques, accelerating brain pathology and behavioral deficits. SYK deficiency impaired the PI3K-AKT-GSK-3β-mTOR pathway, incapacitating anabolic support required for attaining the DAM profile. However, SYK-deficient microglia proliferated and advanced to an Apoe-expressing prodromal stage of DAM; this pathway relied on the adapter DAP10, which also binds TREM2. Thus, microglial responses to Aβ involve non-redundant SYK- and DAP10-pathways. Systemic administration of an antibody against CLEC7A, a receptor that directly activates SYK, rescued microglia activation in mice expressing the TREM2R47H allele, unveiling new options for AD immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoutang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Raki Sudan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vincent Peng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yingyue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Siling Du
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carla M Yuede
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tingting Lei
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jinchao Hou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Khai Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pietro L Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Molecular and Translational Medicine Department, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Wandy L Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Siyan Cao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kent Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cecilia Rodrigues
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Simone Brioschi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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19
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Carrillo-Rodríguez P, Robles-Guirado JÁ, Cruz-Palomares A, Palacios-Pedrero MÁ, González-Paredes E, Más-Ciurana A, Franco-Herrera C, Ruiz-de-Castroviejo-Teba PA, Lario A, Longobardo V, Montosa-Hidalgo L, Pérez-Sánchez-Cañete MM, Corzo-Corbera MM, Redondo-Sánchez S, Jodar AB, Blanco FJ, Zumaquero E, Merino R, Sancho J, Zubiaur M. Extracellular vesicles from pristane-treated CD38-deficient mice express an anti-inflammatory neutrophil protein signature, which reflects the mild lupus severity elicited in these mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013236. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In CD38-deficient (Cd38-/-) mice intraperitoneal injection of pristane induces a lupus-like disease, which is milder than that induced in WT mice, showing significant differences in the inflammatory and autoimmune processes triggered by pristane. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are present in all body fluids. Shed by cells, their molecular make-up reflects that of their cell of origin and/or tissue pathological situation. The aim of this study was to analyze the protein composition, protein abundance, and functional clustering of EV released by peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) in the pristane experimental lupus model, to identify predictive or diagnostic biomarkers that might discriminate the autoimmune process in lupus from inflammatory reactions and/or normal physiological processes. In this study, thanks to an extensive proteomic analysis and powerful bioinformatics software, distinct EV subtypes were identified in the peritoneal exudates of pristane-treated mice: 1) small EV enriched in the tetraspanin CD63 and CD9, which are likely of exosomal origin; 2) small EV enriched in CD47 and CD9, which are also enriched in plasma-membrane, membrane-associated proteins, with an ectosomal origin; 3) small EV enriched in keratins, ECM proteins, complement/coagulation proteins, fibrin clot formation proteins, and endopetidase inhibitor proteins. This enrichment may have an inflammation-mediated mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition origin, representing a protein corona on the surface of peritoneal exudate EV; 4) HDL-enriched lipoprotein particles. Quantitative proteomic analysis allowed us to identify an anti-inflammatory, Annexin A1-enriched pro-resolving, neutrophil protein signature, which was more prominent in EV from pristane-treated Cd38-/- mice, and quantitative differences in the protein cargo of the ECM-enriched EV from Cd38-/- vs WT mice. These differences are likely to be related with the distinct inflammatory outcome shown by Cd38-/- vs WT mice in response to pristane treatment. Our results demonstrate the power of a hypothesis-free and data-driven approach to transform the heterogeneity of the peritoneal exudate EV from pristane-treated mice in valuable information about the relative proportion of different EV in a given sample and to identify potential protein markers specific for the different small EV subtypes, in particular those proteins defining EV involved in the resolution phase of chronic inflammation.
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20
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β 2-Integrin Adhesive Bond Tension under Shear Stress Modulates Cytosolic Calcium Flux and Neutrophil Inflammatory Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182822. [PMID: 36139397 PMCID: PMC9497066 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
On arrested neutrophils a focal adhesive cluster of ~200 high affinity (HA) β2-integrin bonds under tension is sufficient to trigger Ca2+ flux that signals an increase in activation in direct proportion to increments in shear stress. We reasoned that a threshold tension acting on individual β2-integrin bonds provides a mechanical means of transducing the magnitude of fluid drag force into signals that enhance the efficiency of neutrophil recruitment and effector function. Tension gauge tethers (TGT) are a duplex of DNA nucleotides that rupture at a precise shear force, which increases with the extent of nucleotide overlap, ranging from a tolerance of 54pN to 12pN. TGT annealed to a substrate captures neutrophils via allosteric antibodies that stabilize LFA-1 in a high- or low-affinity conformation. Neutrophils sheared on TGT substrates were recorded in real time to form HA β2-integrin bonds and flux cytosolic Ca2+, which elicited shape change and downstream production of reactive oxygen species. A threshold force of 33pN triggered consolidation of HA β2-integrin bonds and triggered membrane influx of Ca2+, whereas an optimum tension of 54pN efficiently transduced activation at a level equivalent to chemotactic stimulation on ICAM-1. We conclude that neutrophils sense the level of fluid drag transduced through individual β2-integrin bonds, providing an intrinsic means to modulate inflammatory response in the microcirculation.
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21
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Hornigold K, Chu JY, Chetwynd SA, Machin PA, Crossland L, Pantarelli C, Anderson KE, Hawkins PT, Segonds-Pichon A, Oxley D, Welch HCE. Age-related decline in the resistance of mice to bacterial infection and in LPS/TLR4 pathway-dependent neutrophil responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888415. [PMID: 36090969 PMCID: PMC9450589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense against bacterial and fungal infections diminishes with age. In humans, impaired neutrophil responses are thought to contribute to this decline. However, it remains unclear whether neutrophil responses are also impaired in old mice. Here, we investigated neutrophil function in old mice, focusing on responses primed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin released by gram-negative bacteria like E. coli, which signals through toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. We show that old mice have a reduced capacity to clear pathogenic E. coli during septic peritonitis. Neutrophil recruitment was elevated during LPS-induced but not aseptic peritonitis. Neutrophils from old mice showed reduced killing of E. coli. Their reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was impaired upon priming with LPS but not with GM-CSF/TNFα. Phagocytosis and degranulation were reduced in a partially LPS-dependent manner, whereas impairment of NET release in response to S. aureus was independent of LPS. Unexpectedly, chemotaxis was normal, as were Rac1 and Rac2 GTPase activities. LPS-primed activation of Erk and p38 Mapk was defective. PIP3 production was reduced upon priming with LPS but not with GM-CSF/TNFα, whereas PIP2 levels were constitutively low. The expression of 5% of neutrophil proteins was dysregulated in old age. Granule proteins, particularly cathepsins and serpins, as well as TLR-pathway proteins and membrane receptors were upregulated, whereas chromatin and RNA regulators were downregulated. The upregulation of CD180 and downregulation of MyD88 likely contribute to the impaired LPS signaling. In summary, all major neutrophil responses except chemotaxis decline with age in mice, particularly upon LPS priming. This LPS/TLR4 pathway dependence resolves previous controversy regarding effects of age on murine neutrophils and confirms that mice are an appropriate model for the decline in human neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Hornigold
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Y. Chu
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Polly A. Machin
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laraine Crossland
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Pantarelli
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Anderson
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Oxley
- Proteomics Facility, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi C. E. Welch
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Heidi C. E. Welch,
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22
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Haure-Mirande JV, Audrain M, Ehrlich ME, Gandy S. Microglial TYROBP/DAP12 in Alzheimer's disease: Transduction of physiological and pathological signals across TREM2. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:55. [PMID: 36002854 PMCID: PMC9404585 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TYROBP (also known as DAP12 or KARAP) is a transmembrane adaptor protein initially described as a receptor-activating subunit component of natural killer (NK) cells. TYROBP is expressed in numerous cell types, including peripheral blood monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts, but a key point of recent interest is related to the critical role played by TYROBP in the function of many receptors expressed on the plasma membrane of microglia. TYROBP is the downstream adaptor and putative signaling partner for several receptors implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including SIRP1β, CD33, CR3, and TREM2. TYROBP has received much of its current notoriety because of its importance in brain homeostasis by signal transduction across those receptors. In this review, we provide an overview of evidence indicating that the biology of TYROBP extends beyond its interaction with these four ligand-binding ectodomain-intramembranous domain molecules. In addition to reviewing the structure and localization of TYROBP, we discuss our recent progress using mouse models of either cerebral amyloidosis or tauopathy that were engineered to be TYROBP-deficient or TYROBP-overexpressing. Remarkably, constitutively TYROBP-deficient mice provided a model of genetic resilience to either of the defining proteinopathies of AD. Learning behavior and synaptic electrophysiological function were preserved at normal physiological levels even in the face of robust cerebral amyloidosis (in APP/PSEN1;Tyrobp-/- mice) or tauopathy (in MAPTP301S;Tyrobp-/- mice). A fundamental underpinning of the functional synaptic dysfunction associated with each proteotype was an accumulation of complement C1q. TYROBP deficiency prevented C1q accumulation associated with either proteinopathy. Based on these data, we speculate that TYROBP plays a key role in the microglial sensome and the emergence of the disease-associated microglia (DAM) phenotype. TYROBP may also play a key role in the loss of markers of synaptic integrity (e.g., synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity) that has long been held to be the feature of human AD molecular neuropathology that most closely correlates with concurrent clinical cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickael Audrain
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and the NIA-Designated Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, New York, Bronx NY 10468 USA
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23
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Querrey M, Chiu S, Lecuona E, Wu Q, Sun H, Anderson M, Kelly M, Ravi S, Misharin AV, Kreisel D, Bharat A, Budinger GS. CD11b suppresses TLR activation of nonclassical monocytes to reduce primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157262. [PMID: 35838047 PMCID: PMC9282933 DOI: 10.1172/jci157262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of postoperative mortality in lung transplant recipients and the most important risk factor for development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. The mechanistic basis for the variability in the incidence and severity of PGD between lung transplant recipients is not known. Using a murine orthotopic vascularized lung transplant model, we found that redundant activation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and -4) on nonclassical monocytes activates MyD88, inducing the release of the neutrophil attractant chemokine CXCL2. Deletion of Itgam (encodes CD11b) in nonclassical monocytes enhanced their production of CXCL2 and worsened PGD, while a CD11b agonist, leukadherin-1, administered only to the donor lung prior to lung transplantation, abrogated CXCL2 production and PGD. The damage-associated molecular pattern molecule HMGB1 was increased in peripheral blood samples from patients undergoing lung transplantation after reperfusion and induced CXCL2 production in nonclassical monocytes via TLR4/MyD88. An inhibitor of HMGB1 administered to the donor and recipient prior to lung transplantation attenuated PGD. Our findings suggest that CD11b acts as a molecular brake to prevent neutrophil recruitment by nonclassical monocytes following lung transplantation, revealing an attractive therapeutic target in the donor lung to prevent PGD in lung transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Querrey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen Chiu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emilia Lecuona
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Haiying Sun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan Anderson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan Kelly
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sowmya Ravi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G.R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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24
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Zhuang Z, Zhang Y, Yang X, Yu T, Zhang Y, Sun K, Zhang Y, Cheng F, Zhang L, Wang H. Matrix stiffness regulates the immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells on macrophages via AP1/TSG-6 signaling pathways. Acta Biomater 2022; 149:69-81. [PMID: 35820593 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well-recognized that the matrix stiffness as an important stem cell niche can mediate stem cell behavior such as attachment, proliferation and differentiation, but how matrix stiffness affects the immunomodulatory efficacy of stem cells has been little explored, which, however, is of significant importance in determining the outcomes of stem cell-based therapies and engineered tissue mimics. We herein studied the immunomodulatory efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in response to matrix stiffness by the evaluation of macrophage polarization in vitro and inflammatory response in vivo by subcutaneous implantation of MSC-laden hydrogels. Remarkably, we found that soft matrix enabled MSCs to produce significantly higher levels of immunomodulatory factors compared to stiff matrix, and induced the presence of more anti-inflammatory macrophages in vitro and attenuated macrophages-mediated inflammatory response in vivo. More importantly, we revealed stiffness-mediated immunoregulatory effect of MSCs was mainly attributed to tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated protein 6 (TSG-6), which was mechanosensitively regulated by the MAPK and Hippo signaling pathway and downstream AP1 complex, and which in turn exerted an effect on macrophages through CD44 receptor to inhibit NF-κB pathway. To conclude, our results for the first time identify TSG-6 as the key factor in regulating immunomodulatory efficacy of MSCs in mechanical response, and can be potentially utilized to empower stem cell-based therapy and tissue engineering strategy in regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Matrix stiffness as an important stem cell niche can mediate stem cell behavior such as attachment and differentiation, but how matrix stiffness affects the immunomodulatory efficacy of stem cells has been little explored, which, however, is of significant importance in determining the outcomes of stem cell-based therapies and engineered tissue mimics. Our results for the first time identify TSG-6 as the key factor in regulating the immunomodulatory efficacy of MSCs in mechanical response, which was regulated by the MAPK and Hippo signaling pathways and downstream AP1 complex, and which in turn exerted an effect on macrophages through CD44 receptor to inhibit NF-κB pathway, and can be potentially utilized to empower stem cell-based therapy and tissue engineering strategy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Zhuang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Taozhao Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Eye Hospital, No.40 Qianshan Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Huanan Wang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, China.
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25
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Arunsi UO, Chioma OE, Etusim PE, Owumi SE. Indigenous Nigeria medicinal herbal remedies: A potential source for therapeutic against rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1148-1178. [PMID: 35708153 PMCID: PMC9335509 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease associated with locomotion impairment, and conventional therapeutic drugs are not optimal for managing RA. There is an avalanche of medications used for the management of RA. Still, studies have shown that they are associated with severe side effects, including hepatotoxicity, retinopathy, and cardiotoxicity disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), skin, blood, and infections. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is currently gaining attention as a novel panacea for managing debilitating diseases, such as RA. Nigerian folk herbal remedies are replete with a plethora of curative medicine, albeit unvalidated scientifically but with seemingly miraculous provenance. Studies of the identification of bioactive compounds present in these botanicals using advanced spectral analytical techniques have enhanced our understanding of the role of Nigerian herbal remedies in the treatment and management of RA. Interestingly, experimental studies abound that the bioactive compounds present in the extracts of plant botanicals protected animals from the development of RA in different experimental models and reduced the toxicity associated with conventional therapeutics. Validated mechanisms of RA amelioration in human and animal models include suppression of the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-23, chemokines, TGF-β, RANKL, RANK, iNOS, arginase, COX-2, VEGFA, VEGFR, NFATC1, and TRAP in the synoviocytes. Decreased ROS, NO, MDA, carbonyl groups, and PGE2 in the synovial fluid increased the expression of PPARα/γ; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules also improve RA etiology. In this mini-review, we discuss the global burden of RA, the novel role of plant-based botanicals as potential therapeutics against signaling pathways in RA. Also addressed is the possible repurposing/reprofiling of plant botanicals to increase their therapeutic index among RA patients that patronize traditional healers in Nigeria with a global projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uche O Arunsi
- Cancer Immunology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, 440001, Nigeria
| | - Ogbuka E Chioma
- Department of Social and Environmental Forestry, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Paschal E Etusim
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu 200, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria,Solomon Owumi.
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26
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Rossaint J, Meersch M, Thomas K, Mersmann S, Lehmann M, Skupski J, Tekath T, Rosenberger P, Kellum JA, Pavenstädt H, Zarbock A. Remote ischemic preconditioning causes transient cell-cycle arrest and renal protection by a NF-kB-dependent Sema5B pathway. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158523. [PMID: 35727636 PMCID: PMC9431690 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury increases morbidity and mortality, and previous studies have shown that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) reduces the risk of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. RIPC increases urinary high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1) levels in patients, and this correlates with kidney protection. Here, we show that RIPC reduces renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and improves kidney function in mice. Mechanistically, RIPC increases HMGB1 levels in the plasma and urine, and HMGB1 binds to TLR4 on renal tubular epithelial cells, inducing transcriptomic modulation of renal tubular epithelial cells and providing renal protection, whereas TLR4 activation on nonrenal cells was shown to contribute to renal injury. This protection is mediated by activation of induction of AMPKα and NF-κB; this induction contributes to the upregulation of Sema5b, which triggers a transient, protective G1 cell cycle arrest. In cardiac surgery patients at high risk for postoperative acute kidney injury, increased HMGB1 and Sema5b levels after RIPC were associated with renal protection after surgery. The results may help to develop future clinical treatment options for acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Meersch
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thomas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sina Mersmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jennifer Skupski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Tekath
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John A Kellum
- Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine D, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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27
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Tang S, Yu Q, Ding C. Investigational spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:291-303. [PMID: 35130124 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are disorders induced by multiple inflammatory mediators, in which immune system attacks healthy tissues and triggers tissue injury. Targeted regulation of the activity of kinases that influence inflammation is one of the major therapies for ADs. Recently, investigational spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors have shown encouraging results in the ADs therapy. AREAS COVERED This article provides a background on autoimmune diseases and provides an update on investigational SYK inhibitors. This literature review was conducted by searching publications about investigational Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of ADs from experimental to clinical studies. The search terms used were SYK inhibitors, R406, fostamatinib (R788), P505-15 (PRT062607), entospletinib (GS-9973), R112, lanraplenib (GS-9876), cerdulatinib, R343, BAY-61-3606, GSK compound 143 (GSK143), R211, SKI-G-618, SKI-O-85, ER-27319, YM193306, RO9021 in conjunction with autoimmune disease using electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION SYK inhibitors are promising drugs with unique advantages and acceptable tolerability and safety for the treatment of ADs. However, the difficulties in developing highly selective SYK inhibitors and the unknown effects are challenges. Long term and real-world data are essential to determine the risk-benefit ratio and true role of SYK inhibitors in the therapy of ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su'an Tang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Centre of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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28
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Variant TREM2 Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167470. [PMID: 35120968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for as much as three-quarters of cases globally with individuals in low- and middle-income countries being worst affected. Numerous risk factors for the disease have been identified and our understanding of gene-environment interactions have shed light on several gene variants that contribute to the most common, sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an important receptor that is crucial to the functioning of microglial cells, and variants of this protein have been found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. Several studies have elucidated the signaling processes involved in the normal functioning of the TREM2 receptor. However, current knowledge of the idiosyncrasies of the signaling processes triggered by stimulation of the variants of this receptor is limited. In this review, we examine the existing literature and highlight the effects that various receptor variants have on downstream signaling processes and discuss how these perturbations may affect physiologic processes in Alzheimer's disease. Despite the fact that this is a territory yet to be fully explored, the studies that currently exist report mostly quantitative effects on signaling. More mechanistic studies with the aim of providing qualitative results in terms of downstream signaling among these receptor variants are warranted. Such studies will provide better opportunities of identifying therapeutic targets that may be exploited in designing new drugs for the management of Alzheimer's disease.
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29
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Bader A, Winkelmann M, Forné I, Walzog B, Maier-Begandt D. Decoding the signaling profile of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) in innate immunity: a proteomic approach. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:760-769. [PMID: 35099066 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Signaling via β2 integrins (CD11/CD18) as well as T and B cell receptors involves similar pathways. However, the activation of the same signaling molecule can result in opposing effects. One such example is the hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1), which negatively regulates T and B cell activation but enforces neutrophil adhesion via β2 integrins. This difference may be defined by specific HPK1 interacting networks in different leukocyte subsets which have already been described in the adaptive immune system. Here, we set out to identify interacting proteins of HPK1 in neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells exposed to immobilized fibrinogen and left non-activated or Mn2+ -activated to allow β2 integrin-dependent adhesion. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments followed by mass spectrometry led to the identification of 115 HPK1-interacting proteins. 58 proteins were found only in non-activated cells and 39 proteins only in Mn2+ -activated adherent cells. From these results we decoded a pre-existing signaling cluster of HPK1 in non-activated cells encompassing proteins essential for β2 integrin-mediated signaling during neutrophil trafficking, namely DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and Rac1. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the complex architecture of the signaling processes during neutrophil activation and the complex signaling profile of HPK1 in leukocytes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almke Bader
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Michael Winkelmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forné
- Protein Analysis Unit, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Daniela Maier-Begandt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
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Huang H, Yang Y, Song T, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Li L, Wang X. Single-cell RNA Sequencing Uncovered the Involvement of an Endothelial Subset in Neutrophil Recruitment in Chemically Induced Rat Pulmonary Inflammation. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:669-680. [PMID: 35582423 PMCID: PMC9108403 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.67806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing support for the notion that chronic inflammation contributes to lung tumorigenesis, but the molecular and cellular basis underlying the protumorigenic effects of inflammation remains to be explored. 3-Methylcholanthrene and diethylnitrosamine were intratracheally instilled into rats to induce multistep lung carcinogenesis, and the presence of pulmonary inflammation was observed in addition to precancerous lesions. By leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing, we sought to unravel the mechanism underlying the inflammatory process at a higher resolution. A total of 14 cell types were identified in chemically treated and control rats. Chemical intervention introduced heterogeneity in cell type composition and gene expression patterns. Nonimmune cells were found to be the most affected, and two subpopulations of endothelial cells with diverse roles were defined. Car4-high endothelial cells were mainly responsible for angiogenesis, whereas Car4-low endothelial cells were involved in neutrophil recruitment, and adhesion between Car4-low endothelial cells and neutrophils was verified in inflamed tissues. Our work unveiled the intricate process of pulmonary inflammation at the single-cell level and characterized a proinflammatory subpopulation of endothelial cells involved in neutrophil recruitment. The conditions provided by chronic inflammatory environment are prerequisites for neoplastic progression. Targeting the specific subsets or processes defined herein holds promise for the early prevention and therapeutic intervention of lung cancer through the manipulation of angiogenesis or the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 P. R. China & Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
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McCreedy DA, Abram CL, Hu Y, Min SW, Platt ME, Kirchhoff MA, Reid SK, Jalufka FL, Lowell CA. Spleen tyrosine kinase facilitates neutrophil activation and worsens long-term neurologic deficits after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:302. [PMID: 34952603 PMCID: PMC8705173 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury elicits widespread inflammation that can exacerbate long-term neurologic deficits. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cell type to invade the spinal cord in the early acute phase after injury, however, their role in secondary pathogenesis and functional recovery remains unclear. We have previously shown that neutrophil functional responses during inflammation are augmented by spleen tyrosine kinase, Syk, a prominent intracellular signaling enzyme. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of Syk towards neutrophil function and long-term neurologic deficits after spinal cord injury. Methods Contusive spinal cord injury was performed at thoracic vertebra level 9 in mice with conditional deletion of Syk in neutrophils (Sykf/fMRP8-Cre). Hindlimb locomotor recovery was evaluated using an open-field test for 35 days following spinal cord injury. Long-term white matter sparing was assessed using eriochrome cyanide staining. Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was evaluated by immunoblotting. Neutrophil infiltration, activation, effector functions, and cell death were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine and chemokine expression in neutrophils was assessed using a gene array. Results Syk deficiency in neutrophils improved long-term functional recovery after spinal cord injury, but did not promote long-term white matter sparing. Neutrophil activation, cytokine expression, and cell death in the acutely injured spinal cord were attenuated by the genetic loss of Syk while neutrophil infiltration and effector functions were not affected. Acute blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was also unaffected by Syk deficiency in neutrophils. Conclusions Syk facilitates specific neutrophil functional responses to spinal cord injury including activation, cytokine expression, and cell death. Long-term neurologic deficits are exacerbated by Syk signaling in neutrophils independent of acute blood-spinal cord barrier disruption and long-term white matter sparing. These findings implicate Syk in pathogenic neutrophil activities that worsen long-term functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A McCreedy
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Clare L Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sun Won Min
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Madison E Platt
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Megan A Kirchhoff
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shelby K Reid
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Frank L Jalufka
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Leung G, Zhou Y, Ostrowski P, Mylvaganam S, Boroumand P, Mulder DJ, Guo C, Muise AM, Freeman SA. ARPC1B binds WASP to control actin polymerization and curtail tonic signaling in B cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:149376. [PMID: 34673575 PMCID: PMC8675194 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells exhibit low-level, constitutive signaling at rest (tonic signaling). Such tonic signals are required for fundamental processes, including the survival of B lymphocytes, but when they are elevated by genetic or environmental causes, they can lead to autoimmunity. Events that control ongoing signal transduction are, therefore, tightly regulated by submembrane cytoskeletal polymers like F-actin. The actin-binding proteins that underpin the process, however, are poorly described. By investigating patients with ARPC1B deficiency, we report that ARPC1B-containing ARP2/3 complexes are stimulated by Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP) to nucleate the branched actin networks that control tonic signaling from the B cell receptor (BCR). Despite an upregulation of ARPC1A, ARPC1B-deficient cells were not capable of WASP-mediated nucleation by ARP2/3, and this caused the loss of WASP-dependent structures, including podosomes in macrophages and lamellipodia in B cells. In the B cell compartment, ARPC1B deficiency also led to weakening of the cortical F-actin cytoskeleton that normally curtails the diffusion of BCRs and ultimately resulted in increased tonic lipid signaling, oscillatory calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and phosphorylated Akt. These events contributed to skewing the threshold for B cell activation in response to microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Thus, ARPC1B is critical for ARP2/3 complexes to control steady-state signaling of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Leung
- Program in Cell Biology and.,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J Mulder
- Program in Cell Biology and.,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conghui Guo
- Program in Cell Biology and.,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- Program in Cell Biology and.,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Paavola KJ, Roda JM, Lin VY, Chen P, O'Hollaren KP, Ventura R, Crawley SC, Li B, Chen HIH, Malmersjö S, Sharkov NA, Horner G, Guo W, Kutach AK, Mondal K, Zhang Z, Lichtman JS, Song C, Rivera LB, Liu W, Luo J, Wang Y, Solloway MJ, Allan BB, Kekatpure A, Starck SR, Haldankar R, Fan B, Chu C, Tang J, Molgora M, Colonna M, Kaplan DD, Hsu JY. The Fibronectin-ILT3 Interaction Functions as a Stromal Checkpoint that Suppresses Myeloid Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1283-1297. [PMID: 34426457 PMCID: PMC9414285 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Suppressive myeloid cells inhibit antitumor immunity by preventing T-cell responses. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3; also known as LILRB4) is highly expressed on tumor-associated myeloid cells and promotes their suppressive phenotype. However, the ligand that engages ILT3 within the tumor microenvironment and renders tumor-associated myeloid cells suppressive is unknown. Using a screening approach, we identified fibronectin as a functional ligand for ILT3. The interaction of fibronectin with ILT3 polarized myeloid cells toward a suppressive state, and these effects were reversed with an ILT3-specific antibody that blocked the interaction of ILT3 with fibronectin. Furthermore, ex vivo treatment of human tumor explants with anti-ILT3 reprogrammed tumor-associated myeloid cells toward a stimulatory phenotype. Thus, the ILT3-fibronectin interaction represents a "stromal checkpoint" through which the extracellular matrix actively suppresses myeloid cells. By blocking this interaction, tumor-associated myeloid cells may acquire a stimulatory phenotype, potentially resulting in increased antitumor T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie M. Roda
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Vicky Y. Lin
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Peirong Chen
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Betty Li
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Guo
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Zhen Zhang
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Lee B. Rivera
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Wenhui Liu
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jian Luo
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Yan Wang
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Raj Haldankar
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Fan
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Chun Chu
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jie Tang
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Martina Molgora
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Jer-Yuan Hsu
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California.,Corresponding Author: Jer-Yuan Hsu, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, 333 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080. Phone: 650-243-5579; Fax: 650-583-1646; E-mail:
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Development of a novel humanized mouse model for improved evaluation of in vivo anti-cancer effects of anti-PD-1 antibody. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21087. [PMID: 34702924 PMCID: PMC8548333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer in the clinic. Further discovery of novel drugs or therapeutic protocols that enhance efficacy requires reliable animal models that recapitulate human immune responses to ICI treatment in vivo. In this study, we utilized an immunodeficient NOG mouse substrain deficient for mouse FcγR genes, NOG-FcγR−/− mice, to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of nivolumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody. After reconstitution of human immune systems by human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (huNOG-FcγR−/− mice), four different programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive human cancer cell lines were tested. Among them, the growth of three cell lines was strongly suppressed by nivolumab in huNOG-FcγR−/− mice, but not in conventional huNOG mice. Accordingly, immunohistochemistry demonstrated the enhanced infiltration of human T cells into tumor parenchyma in only nivolumab-treated huNOG-FcγR−/− mice. Consistently, the number of human T cells was increased in the spleen in huNOG-FcγR−/− mice by nivolumab but not in huNOG mice. Furthermore, human PD-L1 expression was strongly induced in the spleen of huNOG-FcγR−/− mice. Collectively, our results suggest that the anti-cancer effects of anti-PD-1 antibodies can be detected more clearly in NOG-FcγR−/− mice than in NOG mice.
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PLCγ2 regulates TREM2 signalling and integrin-mediated adhesion and migration of human iPSC-derived macrophages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19842. [PMID: 34615897 PMCID: PMC8494732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies have linked rare coding variants in microglial genes, such as TREM2, and more recently PLCG2 to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The P522R variant in PLCG2 has been shown to confer protection for AD and to result in a subtle increase in enzymatic activity. PLCγ2 is a key component of intracellular signal transduction networks and induces Ca2+ signals downstream of many myeloid cell surface receptors, including TREM2. To explore the relationship between PLCγ2 and TREM2 and the role of PLCγ2 in regulating immune cell function, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)- derived macrophages from isogenic lines with homozygous PLCG2 knockout (Ko). Stimulating TREM2 signalling using a polyclonal antibody revealed a complete lack of calcium flux and IP1 accumulation in PLCγ2 Ko cells, demonstrating a non-redundant role of PLCγ2 in calcium release downstream of TREM2. Loss of PLCγ2 led to broad changes in expression of several macrophage surface markers and phenotype, including reduced phagocytic activity and survival, while LPS-induced secretion of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 was unaffected. We identified additional deficits in PLCγ2- deficient cells that compromised cellular adhesion and migration. Thus, PLCγ2 is key in enabling divergent cellular functions and might be a promising target to increase beneficial microglial functions.
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The GPCR adaptor protein norbin suppresses the neutrophil-mediated immunity of mice to pneumococcal infection. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3076-3091. [PMID: 34402884 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcal pneumonia is a worldwide health problem that kills ∼2 million people each year, particularly young children, the elderly, and immunosuppressed individuals. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils provide the early innate immune response to clear pneumococcus from infected lungs. However, the level of neutrophil involvement is context dependent, both in humans and in mouse models of the disease, influenced by factors such as bacterial load, age, and coinfections. Here, we show that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) adaptor protein norbin (neurochondrin, NCDN), which was hitherto known as a regulator of neuronal function, is a suppressor of neutrophil-mediated innate immunity. Myeloid norbin deficiency improved the immunity of mice to pneumococcal infection by increasing the involvement of neutrophils in clearing the bacteria, without affecting neutrophil recruitment or causing autoinflammation. It also improved immunity during Escherichia coli-induced septic peritonitis. It increased the responsiveness of neutrophils to a range of stimuli, promoting their ability to kill bacteria in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner, enhancing degranulation, phagocytosis, and the production of reactive oxygen species and neutrophil extracellular traps, raising the cell surface levels of selected GPCRs, and increasing GPCR-dependent Rac and Erk signaling. The Rac guanine-nucleotide exchange factor Prex1, a known effector of norbin, was dispensable for most of these effects, which suggested that norbin controls additional downstream targets. We identified the Rac guanine-nucleotide exchange factor Vav as one of these effectors. In summary, our study presents the GPCR adaptor protein norbin as an immune suppressor that limits the ability of neutrophils to clear bacterial infections.
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Baker M, Chaichian Y, Genovese M, Derebail V, Rao P, Chatham W, Bubb M, Lim S, Hajian H, Gurtovaya O, Patel U, Tumlin J. Phase II, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study evaluating the safety and efficacy of filgotinib and lanraplenib in patients with lupus membranous nephropathy. RMD Open 2021; 6:rmdopen-2020-001490. [PMID: 33380521 PMCID: PMC7780527 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Patients with lupus membranous nephropathy (LMN) are at risk for prolonged proteinuria and progressive chronic kidney disease. There are no proven effective treatments for LMN, and controlled trials are lacking. This trial assessed the preferential Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor filgotinib and the spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor lanraplenib in patients with LMN. Methods This was a phase II, randomised, double-blind trial conducted at 15 centres in the USA to evaluate the safety and efficacy of filgotinib or lanraplenib for the treatment of LMN. Eligible patients were randomised 1:1 to receive either filgotinib or lanraplenib in a blinded fashion for up to 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the per cent change in 24-hour urine protein from baseline to week 16. Results Nine patients were randomised to receive filgotinib (n=5) or lanraplenib (n=4). Four patients in the filgotinib group and one patient in the lanraplenib group completed week 16. There was a median reduction of 50.7% in 24-hour urine protein after 16 weeks of treatment with filgotinib (n=4), and the median Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index from the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus National Assessment score remained stable. Filgotinib treatment was well tolerated. Limited conclusions can be drawn about treatment with lanraplenib. Conclusion The number of patients treated in this study was small, and only limited conclusions can be drawn. There may be a therapeutic benefit with filgotinib treatment, which may support future investigations with filgotinib or other JAK inhibitors in patients with LMN. Trial registration number NCT03285711.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Baker
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Yashaar Chaichian
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Mark Genovese
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Vimal Derebail
- Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Panduranga Rao
- Nephrology, University of Michigan Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Winn Chatham
- Rheumatology, UAB Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Bubb
- Rheumatology, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Rheumatology, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sam Lim
- Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Uptal Patel
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA
| | - James Tumlin
- Nephrology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
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Chen Y, Liu H, Huang Y, Lin S, Yin G, Xie Q. The Cardiovascular Risks of Fostamatinib in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632551. [PMID: 34349639 PMCID: PMC8327174 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at assessing the risks of cardiovascular adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have been treated with fostamatinib. Methods: The electronic databases of OVID Medline, OVID EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched to identify studies that reported cardiovascular events or hypertension in RA patients treated with fostamatinib. Two reviewers separately and simultaneously screened the retrieved studies based on study selection criteria, collected data and performed methodological quality assessments. The effect size of meta-analysis was estimated by the Peto odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Funnel plot was used to estimate publication bias and sensitivity analysis was performed to test the robustness of the results. Results: A total of 12 trials composed of 5,618 participants with low to moderate risk of bias were included. In comparison to the placebo, the use of fostamatinib was found to elevate the risk of hypertension (RR=3.82, 95%CI 2.88–5.05) but was not associated with the risks of all-cause death (Peto OR=0.16, 95%CI 0.02–1.24), major adverse cardiovascular events (Peto OR=1.24, 95%CI 0.26–5.97), pulmonary heart disease and disease of pulmonary circulation (Peto OR=1.23, 95%CI 0.13–11.87), in addition to other forms of heart disease (Peto OR=1.96, 95%CI 0.72–5.38). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed no significant change in effective trends and no publication bias was found. Conclusion: Fostamatinib is associated with increased risk of hypertension; however, no increased risks of cardiovascular events were observed. Further well-planned cohort studies with large study populations and longer follow-up times are needed to elucidate the outcomes. Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42020198217].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yupeng Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sang Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Neeves KB. A tail of two ITAMs: GPVI/FcRγ and FcγRIIa's role in platelet activation and thrombus stability. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12564. [PMID: 34263108 PMCID: PMC8265783 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keith B. Neeves
- Department of BioengineeringDepartment of PediatricsSection of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterUniversity of Colorado DenverAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
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Trivedi A, Tercovich KG, Casbon AJ, Raber J, Lowell C, Noble-Haeusslein LJ. Neutrophil-specific deletion of Syk results in recruitment-independent stabilization of the barrier and a long-term improvement in cognitive function after traumatic injury to the developing brain. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 157:105430. [PMID: 34153467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children, we have yet to identify those pathogenic events that determine the extent of recovery. Neutrophils are best known as "first responders" to sites of infection and trauma where they become fully activated, killing pathogens via proteases that are released during degranulation. However, this activational state may generate substantial toxicity in the young brain after TBI that is partially due to developmentally regulated inadequate antioxidant reserves. Neutrophil degranulation is triggered via a downstream signaling pathway that is dependent on spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). To test the hypothesis that the activational state of neutrophils is a determinant of early pathogenesis and long-term recovery, we compared young, brain-injured conditional knockouts of Syk (sykf/fMRP8-cre+) to congenic littermates (sykf/f). Based upon flow cytometry, there was an extended recruitment of distinct leukocyte subsets, including Ly6G+/Ly6C- and Ly6G+/Ly6Cint, over the first several weeks post-injury which was similar between genotypes. Subsequent assessment of the acutely injured brain revealed a reduction in blood-brain barrier disruption to both high and low molecular weight dextrans and reactive oxygen species in sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice compared to congenic littermates, and this was associated with greater preservation of claudin 5 and neuronal integrity, as determined by Western blot analyses. At adulthood, motor learning was less affected in brain-injured sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice as compared to sykf/f mice. Performance in the Morris Water Maze revealed a robust improvement in hippocampal-dependent acquisition and short and long-term spatial memory retention in sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice. Subsequent analyses of swim path lengths during hidden platform training and probe trials showed greater thigmotaxis in brain-injured sykf/f mice than sham sykf/f mice and injured sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice. Our results establish the first mechanistic link between the activation state of neutrophils and long-term functional recovery after traumatic injury to the developing brain. These results also highlight Syk kinase as a novel therapeutic target that could be further developed for the brain-injured child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa Trivedi
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kayleen G Tercovich
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amy Jo Casbon
- Departments of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Clifford Lowell
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Linda J Noble-Haeusslein
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychology, The Dell Medical School and the College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Pohlmeyer CW, Shang C, Han P, Cui ZH, Jones RM, Clarke AS, Murray BP, Lopez DA, Newstrom DW, Inzunza MD, Matzkies FG, Currie KS, Di Paolo JA. Characterization of the mechanism of action of lanraplenib, a novel spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in models of lupus nephritis. BMC Rheumatol 2021; 5:15. [PMID: 33781343 PMCID: PMC8008554 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-021-00178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cells are critical mediators of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN), and antinuclear antibodies can be found in the serum of approximately 98% of patients with SLE. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that mediates signaling from immunoreceptors, including the B cell receptor. Active, phosphorylated SYK has been observed in tissues from patients with SLE or cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and its inhibition is hypothesized to ameliorate disease pathogenesis. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and characterize the mechanism of action of lanraplenib, a selective oral SYK inhibitor, in the New Zealand black/white (NZB/W) murine model of SLE and LN. Methods Lanraplenib was evaluated for inhibition of primary human B cell functions in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of SYK inhibition on ameliorating LN-like disease in vivo was determined by treating NZB/W mice with lanraplenib, cyclophosphamide, or a vehicle control. Glomerulopathy and immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition were quantified in kidneys. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines was measured in serum. Splenocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry for B cell maturation and T cell memory maturation, and the presence of T follicular helper and dendritic cells. Results In human B cells in vitro, lanraplenib inhibited B cell activating factor-mediated survival as well as activation, maturation, and immunoglobulin M production. Treatment of NZB/W mice with lanraplenib improved overall survival, prevented the development of proteinuria, and reduced blood urea nitrogen concentrations. Kidney morphology was significantly preserved by treatment with lanraplenib as measured by glomerular diameter, protein cast severity, interstitial inflammation, vasculitis, and frequency of glomerular crescents; treatment with lanraplenib reduced glomerular IgG deposition. Mice treated with lanraplenib had reduced concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines. Lanraplenib blocked disease-driven B cell maturation and T cell memory maturation in the spleen. Conclusions Lanraplenib blocked the progression of LN-like disease in NZB/W mice. Human in vitro and murine in vivo data suggest that lanraplenib may be efficacious in preventing disease progression in patients with LN at least in part by inhibiting B cell maturation. These data provide additional rationale for the use of lanraplenib in the treatment of SLE and LN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41927-021-00178-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching Shang
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Pei Han
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Zhi-Hua Cui
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Randall M Jones
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Astrid S Clarke
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Bernard P Murray
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - David A Lopez
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - David W Newstrom
- Department of Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - M David Inzunza
- Department of Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin S Currie
- Department of Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Di Paolo
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
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42
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Silva JDC, Thompson-Souza GDA, Barroso MV, Neves JS, Figueiredo RT. Neutrophil and Eosinophil DNA Extracellular Trap Formation: Lessons From Pathogenic Fungi. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634043. [PMID: 33679665 PMCID: PMC7929991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a worldwide health problem. Fungal pathogens are responsible for a variety of conditions, including superficial diseases, allergic pathologies and potentially lethal invasive infections. Neutrophils and eosinophils have been implicated as effector cells in several pathologies. Neutrophils are major effector cells involved in the control of fungal infections and exhibit a plethora of antifungal mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, degranulation, extracellular vesicle formation, and DNA extracellular trap (ET) release. Eosinophils are polymorphonuclear cells classically implicated as effector cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and helminthic infections, although their roles as immunomodulatory players in both innate and adaptive immunity are currently recognized. Eosinophils are also endowed with antifungal activities and are abundantly found in allergic conditions associated with fungal colonization and sensitization. Neutrophils and eosinophils have been demonstrated to release their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in response to many pathogens and pro-inflammatory stimuli. ETs have been implicated in the killing and control of many pathogens, as well as in promoting inflammation and tissue damage. The formation of ETs by neutrophils and eosinophils has been described in response to pathogenic fungi. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in the release of neutrophil and eosinophil ETs in response to fungal pathogens. General implications for understanding the formation of ETs and the roles of ETs in fungal infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana da Costa Silva
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Valente Barroso
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josiane Sabbadini Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Barroso MV, Gropillo I, Detoni MAA, Thompson-Souza GA, Muniz VS, Vasconcelos CRI, Figueiredo RT, Melo RCN, Neves JS. Structural and Signaling Events Driving Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced Human Eosinophil Extracellular Trap Release. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633696. [PMID: 33679663 PMCID: PMC7930393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are granulocytes classically involved in allergic diseases and in the host immune responses to helminths, fungi, bacteria and viruses. The release of extracellular DNA traps by leukocytes is an important mechanism of the innate immune response to pathogens in various infectious conditions, including fungal infections. Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungus responsible for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), a pulmonary disease marked by prominent eosinophilic inflammation. Previously, we demonstrated that isolated human eosinophils release extracellular DNA traps (eosinophil extracellular traps; EETs) when stimulated by A. fumigatus in vitro. This release occurs through a lytic non-oxidative mechanism that involves CD11b and Syk tyrosine kinase. In this work, we unraveled different intracellular mechanisms that drive the release of extracellular DNA traps by A. fumigatus-stimulated eosinophils. Ultrastructurally, we originally observed that A. fumigatus-stimulated eosinophils present typical signs of extracellular DNA trap cell death (ETosis) with the nuclei losing both their shape (delobulation) and the euchromatin/heterochromatin distinction, followed by rupture of the nuclear envelope and EETs release. We also found that by targeting class I PI3K, and more specifically PI3Kδ, the release of extracellular DNA traps induced by A. fumigatus is inhibited. We also demonstrated that A. fumigatus-induced EETs release depends on the Src family, Akt, calcium and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in a process in which fungal viability is dispensable. Interestingly, we showed that A. fumigatus-induced EETs release occurs in a mechanism independent of PAD4 histone citrullination. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie EETs release in response to A. fumigatus, which may lead to better knowledge of ABPA pathophysiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Valente Barroso
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabella Gropillo
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcella A A Detoni
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Valdirene S Muniz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo T Figueiredo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences/Campus of Duque de Caxias, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Josiane S Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wißfeld J, Nozaki I, Mathews M, Raschka T, Ebeling C, Hornung V, Brüstle O, Neumann H. Deletion of Alzheimer's disease-associated CD33 results in an inflammatory human microglia phenotype. Glia 2021; 69:1393-1412. [PMID: 33539598 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies demonstrated that polymorphisms in the CD33/sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 3 gene are associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). CD33 is expressed on myeloid immune cells and mediates inhibitory signaling through protein tyrosine phosphatases, but the exact function of CD33 in microglia is still unknown. Here, we analyzed CD33 knockout human THP1 macrophages and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia for immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif pathway activation, cytokine transcription, phagocytosis, and phagocytosis-associated oxidative burst. Transcriptome analysis of the macrophage lines showed that knockout of CD33 as well as knockdown of the CD33 signaling-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 6 (PTPN6) led to constitutive activation of inflammation-related pathways. Moreover, deletion of CD33 or expression of Exon 2-deleted CD33 (CD33ΔE2 /CD33m) led to increased phosphorylation of the kinases spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1 and 2). Transcript analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed increased levels of interleukin (IL) 1B, IL8, and IL10 after knockout of CD33 in macrophages and microglia. In addition, upregulation of the gene transcripts of the AD-associated phosphatase INPP5D was observed after knockout of CD33. Functional analysis of macrophages and microglia showed that phagocytosis of aggregated amyloid-β1-42 and bacterial particles were increased after knockout of CD33 or CD33ΔE2 expression and knockdown of PTPN6. Furthermore, the phagocytic oxidative burst during uptake of amyloid-β1-42 or bacterial particles was increased after CD33 knockout but not in CD33ΔE2 -expressing microglia. In summary, deletion of CD33 or expression of CD33ΔE2 in human macrophages and microglia resulted in putative beneficial phagocytosis of amyloid β1-42 , but potentially detrimental oxidative burst and inflammation, which was absent in CD33ΔE2 -expressing microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wißfeld
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ichiro Nozaki
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mona Mathews
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tamara Raschka
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Christian Ebeling
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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45
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Bakthavatsalam D, Craft JW, Kazansky A, Nguyen N, Bae G, Caivano AR, Gundlach CW, Aslam A, Ali S, Gupta S, Lin SY, Parthiban HD, Vanderslice P, Stephan CC, Woodside DG. Identification of Inhibitors of Integrin Cytoplasmic Domain Interactions With Syk. Front Immunol 2021; 11:575085. [PMID: 33488575 PMCID: PMC7819857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte inflammatory responses require integrin cell-adhesion molecule signaling through spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a non-receptor kinase that binds directly to integrin β-chain cytoplasmic domains. Here, we developed a high-throughput screen to identify small molecule inhibitors of the Syk-integrin cytoplasmic domain interactions. Screening small molecule compound libraries identified the β-lactam antibiotics cefsulodin and ceftazidime, which inhibited integrin β-subunit cytoplasmic domain binding to the tandem SH2 domains of Syk (IC50 range, 1.02–4.9 µM). Modeling suggested antagonist binding to Syk outside the pITAM binding site. Ceftazidime inhibited integrin signaling via Syk, including inhibition of adhesion-dependent upregulation of interleukin-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, but did not inhibit ITAM-dependent phosphorylation of Syk mediated by FcγRI signaling. Our results demonstrate a novel means to target Syk independent of its kinase and pITAM binding sites such that integrin signaling via this kinase is abrogated but ITAM-dependent signaling remains intact. As integrin signaling through Syk is essential for leukocyte activation, this may represent a novel approach to target inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Craft
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anna Kazansky
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Goeun Bae
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amy R Caivano
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - C William Gundlach
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Asra Aslam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Safa Ali
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shashikant Gupta
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sophie Y Lin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hema D Parthiban
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter Vanderslice
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Clifford C Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Darren G Woodside
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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Walbaum S, Ambrosy B, Schütz P, Bachg AC, Horsthemke M, Leusen JHW, Mócsai A, Hanley PJ. Complement receptor 3 mediates both sinking phagocytosis and phagocytic cup formation via distinct mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100256. [PMID: 33839682 PMCID: PMC7948798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing hypothesis is that complement receptors (CRs), especially CR3, mediate sinking phagocytosis, but evidence is lacking. Alternatively, CRs have been reported to induce membrane ruffles or phagocytic cups, akin to those induced by Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), but the details of these events are unclear. Here we used real-time 3D imaging and KO mouse models to clarify how particles (human red blood cells) are internalized by resident peritoneal F4/80+ cells (macrophages) via CRs and/or FcγRs. We first show that FcγRs mediate highly efficient, rapid (2-3 min) phagocytic cup formation, which is completely abolished by deletion or mutation of the FcR γ chain or conditional deletion of the signal transducer Syk. FcγR-mediated phagocytic cups robustly arise from any point of cell-particle contact, including filopodia. In the absence of CR3, FcγR-mediated phagocytic cups exhibit delayed closure and become aberrantly elongated. Independent of FcγRs, CR3 mediates sporadic ingestion of complement-opsonized particles by rapid phagocytic cup-like structures, typically emanating from membrane ruffles and largely prevented by deletion of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) adaptors FcR γ chain and DAP12 or Syk. Deletion of ITAM adaptors or Syk clearly revealed that there is a slow (10-25 min) sinking mode of phagocytosis via a restricted orifice. In summary, we show that (1) CR3 indeed mediates a slow sinking mode of phagocytosis, which is accentuated by deletion of ITAM adaptors or Syk, (2) CR3 induces phagocytic cup-like structures, driven by ITAM adaptors and Syk, and (3) CR3 is involved in forming and closing FcγR-mediated phagocytic cups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Walbaum
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ambrosy
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paula Schütz
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne C Bachg
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Horsthemke
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter J Hanley
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
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47
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De Marco Castro E, Calder PC, Roche HM. β-1,3/1,6-Glucans and Immunity: State of the Art and Future Directions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e1901071. [PMID: 32223047 PMCID: PMC7816268 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system responds in a rapid and non-specific manner against immunologic threats; inflammation is part of this response. This is followed by a slower but targeted and specific response termed the adaptive or acquired immune response. There is emerging evidence that dietary components, including yeast-derived β-glucans, can aid host defense against pathogens by modulating inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of neutrophils and macrophages. Innate immune training refers to a newly recognized phenomenon wherein compounds may "train" innate immune cells, such that monocyte and macrophage precursor biology is altered to mount a more effective immunological response. Although various human studies have been carried out, much uncertainty still exists and further studies are required to fully elucidate the relationship between β-glucan supplementation and human immune function. This review offers an up-to-date report on yeast-derived β-glucans as immunomodulators, including a brief overview of the current paradigm regarding the interaction of β-glucans with the immune system. The recent pre-clinical work that has partly decrypted mode of action and the newest evidence from human trials are also reviewed. According to pre-clinical studies, β-1,3/1,6-glucan derived from baker's yeast may offer increased immuno-surveillance, although the human evidence is weaker than that gained from pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Marco Castro
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupSchool of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports ScienceConway Institute, and Institute of Food and HealthUniversity College DublinDublin 4D04 V1W8Ireland
- Diabetes Complications Research CentreConway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublin 4D04 V1W8Ireland
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO16 6YDUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO16 6YDUK
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupSchool of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports ScienceConway Institute, and Institute of Food and HealthUniversity College DublinDublin 4D04 V1W8Ireland
- Diabetes Complications Research CentreConway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublin 4D04 V1W8Ireland
- Institute for Global Food SecurityQueens University BelfastBelfastNorthern IrelandBT9 5DLUK
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48
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Iyoda T, Fujita M, Fukai F. Biologically Active TNIIIA2 Region in Tenascin-C Molecule: A Major Contributor to Elicit Aggressive Malignant Phenotypes From Tumors/Tumor Stroma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:610096. [PMID: 33362799 PMCID: PMC7755593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin (TN)-C is highly expressed specifically in the lesions of inflammation-related diseases, including tumors. The expression level of TN-C in tumors and the tumor stroma is positively correlated with poor prognosis. However, no drugs targeting TN-C are currently clinically available, partly because the role of TN-C in tumor progression remains controversial. TN-C harbors an alternative splicing site in its fibronectin type III repeat domain, and its splicing variants including the type III-A2 domain are frequently detected in malignant tumors. We previously identified a biologically active region termed TNIIIA2 in the fibronectin type III-A2 domain of TN-C molecule and showed that this region is involved in promoting firm and persistent cell adhesion to fibronectin. In the past decade, through the exposure of various cell lines to peptides containing the TNIIIA2 region, we have published reports demonstrating the ability of the TNIIIA2 region to modulate distinct cellular activities, including survival/growth, migration, and invasion. Recently, we reported that the signals derived from TNIIIA2-mediated β1 integrin activation might play a crucial role for inducing malignant behavior of glioblastoma (GBM). GBM cells exposed to the TNIIIA2 region showed not only exacerbation of PDGF-dependent proliferation, but also acceleration of disseminative migration. On the other hand, we also found that the pro-inflammatory phenotypic changes were promoted when macrophages are stimulated with TNIIIA2 region in relatively low concentration and resulting MMP-9 upregulation is needed to release of the TNIIIA2 region from TN-C molecule. With the contribution of TNIIIA2-stimulated macrophages, the positive feedback spiral loop, which consists of the expression of TN-C, PDGF, and β1 integrin, and TNIIIA2 release, seemed to be activated in GBM with aggressive malignancy. Actually, the growth of transplanted GBM grafts in mice was significantly suppressed via the attenuation of β1 integrin activation. In this review, we thus introduce that the TNIIIA2 region has a significant impact on malignant progression of tumors by regulating cell adhesion. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that the TNIIIA2 region exerts unique biological functions through the extremely strong activation of β1-integrins and their long-lasting duration. These findings prompt us to develop new therapeutic agents targeting the TNIIIA2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iyoda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Japan
| | - Motomichi Fujita
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Fumio Fukai
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
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Rivière T, Bader A, Pogoda K, Walzog B, Maier-Begandt D. Structure and Emerging Functions of LRCH Proteins in Leukocyte Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584134. [PMID: 33072765 PMCID: PMC7536344 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-dependent leukocyte trafficking and activation are critical for immune surveillance under steady state conditions and during disease states. Proper immune surveillance is of utmost importance in mammalian homeostasis and it ensures the defense against pathogen intruders, but it also guarantees tissue integrity through the continuous removal of dying cells or the elimination of tumor cells. On the cellular level, these processes depend on the precise reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton orchestrating, e.g., cell polarization, migration, and vesicular dynamics in leukocytes. The fine-tuning of the actin cytoskeleton is achieved by a multiplicity of actin-binding proteins inducing, e.g., the organization of the actin cytoskeleton or linking the cytoskeleton to membranes and their receptors. More than a decade ago, the family of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and calponin homology (CH) domain-containing (LRCH) proteins has been identified as cytoskeletal regulators. The LRR domains are important for protein-protein interactions and the CH domains mediate actin binding. LRR and CH domains are frequently found in many proteins, but strikingly the simultaneous expression of both domains in one protein only occurs in the LRCH protein family. To date, one LRCH protein has been described in drosophila and four LRCH proteins have been identified in the murine and the human system. The function of LRCH proteins is still under investigation. Recently, LRCH proteins have emerged as novel players in leukocyte function. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of LRCH proteins with a special emphasis on their function in leukocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Rivière
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Almke Bader
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristin Pogoda
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Maier-Begandt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
The potential of CD31 as a therapeutic target in atherosclerosis has been considered ever since its cloning in the 1990s, but the exact role played by this molecule in the biologic events underlying atherosclerosis has remained controversial, resulting in the stalling of any therapeutic perspective. Due to the supposed cell adhesive properties of CD31, specific monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins were regarded as blocking agents because their use prevented the arrival of leukocytes at sites of acute inflammation. However, the observed effect of those compounds likely resulted from the engagement of the immunomodulatory function of CD31 signaling. This was acknowledged only later though, upon the discovery of CD31's 2 intracytoplasmic tyrosine residues called immunoreceptor tyrosine inhibitory motifs. A growing body of evidence currently points at a therapeutic potential for CD31 agonists in atherothrombosis. Clinical observations show that CD31 expression is altered at the surface of leukocytes infiltrating unhealed atherothrombotic lesions and that the physiological immunomodulatory functions of CD31 are lost at the surface of blood leukocytes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. On the contrary, translational studies using candidate therapeutic molecules in laboratory animals have provided encouraging results: synthetic peptides administered to atherosclerotic mice as systemic drugs in the acute phases of atherosclerotic complications favor the healing of wounded arteries, whereas the immobilization of CD31 agonist peptides onto coronary stents implanted in farm pigs favors their peaceful integration within the coronary arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Caligiuri
- From the Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Inserm U1148, Université de Paris, France; and Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val-de-Seine, Site Bichat, France
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