1
|
Bahar ME, Kim HJ, Kim DR. Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:455. [PMID: 38105263 PMCID: PMC10725898 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying metastasis, chemoresistance, and the mechanistic backgrounds of individuals whose cancers are prone to migration. The most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, encompassing the RAS-RAF-MAPK kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. RAF kinase is a primary mediator of the MAPK pathway, responsible for the sequential activation of downstream targets, such as MEK and the transcription factor ERK, which control numerous cellular and physiological processes, including organism development, cell cycle control, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell survival, and death. Defects in this signaling cascade are associated with diseases such as cancer. RAF inhibitors (RAFi) combined with MEK blockers represent an FDA-approved therapeutic strategy for numerous RAF-mutant cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and thyroid cancer. However, the development of therapy resistance by cancer cells remains an important barrier. Autophagy, an intracellular lysosome-dependent catabolic recycling process, plays a critical role in the development of RAFi resistance in cancer. Thus, targeting RAF and autophagy could be novel treatment strategies for RAF-mutant cancers. In this review, we delve deeper into the mechanistic insights surrounding RAF kinase signaling in tumorigenesis and RAFi-resistance. Furthermore, we explore and discuss the ongoing development of next-generation RAF inhibitors with enhanced therapeutic profiles. Additionally, this review sheds light on the functional interplay between RAF-targeted therapies and autophagy in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee YC, Chiou JT, Wang LJ, Chen YJ, Chang LS. Amsacrine downregulates BCL2L1 expression and triggers apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells through the SIDT2/NOX4/ERK/HuR pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116625. [PMID: 37451322 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the anticancer activity of acridine derivatives is mediated through the regulation of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic BCL2 protein expression. Therefore, we investigated whether the cytotoxicity of amsacrine with an acridine structural scaffold in human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells was mediated by BCL2 family proteins. Amsacrine induced apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, and BCL2L1 (also known as BCL-XL) downregulation in K562 cells. BCL2L1 overexpression inhibited amsacrine-induced cell death and mitochondrial depolarization. Amsacrine treatment triggered SIDT2-mediated miR-25 downregulation, leading to increased NOX4-mediated ROS production. ROS-mediated inactivation of ERK triggered miR-22 expression, leading to increased HuR mRNA decay. As HuR is involved in stabilizing BCL2L1 mRNA, downregulation of BCL2L1 was noted in K562 cells after amsacrine treatment. In contrast, amsacrine-induced BCL2L1 downregulation was alleviated by restoring ERK phosphorylation and HuR expression. Altogether, the results of this study suggest that amsacrine triggers apoptosis in K562 cells by inhibiting BCL2L1 expression through the SIDT2/NOX4/ERK-mediated downregulation of HuR. Furthermore, a similar pathway also explains the cytotoxicity of amsacrine in CML MEG-01 and KU812 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mitchell DC, Kuljanin M, Li J, Van Vranken JG, Bulloch N, Schweppe DK, Huttlin EL, Gygi SP. A proteome-wide atlas of drug mechanism of action. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:845-857. [PMID: 36593396 PMCID: PMC11069389 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Defining the cellular response to pharmacological agents is critical for understanding the mechanism of action of small molecule perturbagens. Here, we developed a 96-well-plate-based high-throughput screening infrastructure for quantitative proteomics and profiled 875 compounds in a human cancer cell line with near-comprehensive proteome coverage. Examining the 24-h proteome changes revealed ligand-induced changes in protein expression and uncovered rules by which compounds regulate their protein targets while identifying putative dihydrofolate reductase and tankyrase inhibitors. We used protein-protein and compound-compound correlation networks to uncover mechanisms of action for several compounds, including the adrenergic receptor antagonist JP1302, which we show disrupts the FACT complex and degrades histone H1. By profiling many compounds with overlapping targets covering a broad chemical space, we linked compound structure to mechanisms of action and highlighted off-target polypharmacology for molecules within the library.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Mitchell
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miljan Kuljanin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiaming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nathan Bulloch
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Devin K Schweppe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward L Huttlin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Zhang X, Yang H, Liang T, Bai X. The "Self-eating" of cancer-associated fibroblast: A potential target for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114762. [PMID: 37100015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy helps maintain energy homeostasis and protect cells from stress effects by selectively removing misfolded/polyubiquitylated proteins, lipids, and damaged mitochondria. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are cellular components of tumor microenvironment (TME). Autophagy in CAFs inhibits tumor development in the early stages; however, it has a tumor-promoting effect in advanced stages. In this review, we aimed to summarize the modulators responsible for the induction of autophagy in CAFs, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, mitochondrial stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, we aimed to present autophagy-related signaling pathways in CAFs, and role of autophagy in CAF activation, tumor progression, tumor immune microenvironment. Autophagy in CAFs may be an emerging target for tumor therapy. In summary, autophagy in CAFs is regulated by a variety of modulators and can reshape tumor immune microenvironment, affecting tumor progression and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanshen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kamihara T, Hirashiki A, Kokubo M, Shimizu A. Transcriptome Discovery of Genes in the Three Phases of Autophagy That Are Upregulated During Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Rep 2023; 5:114-122. [PMID: 37025933 PMCID: PMC10072901 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-22-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Autophagy may contribute to the maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF), but no previous study has concurrently surveyed all 3 phases of autophagy, namely autophagosome formation, lysosome formation, and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Here we aimed to identify disorders involving various phases of autophagy during AF. Methods and Results: We used bioinformatic techniques to analyze publicly available DNA microarray datasets from the left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) of 7 patients with AF and 6 patients with normal sinus rhythm who underwent valvular surgeries. We compared gene expression levels in the LA (AF-LA) and RA of patients with AF with those in the LA and RA of patients with normal sinus rhythm. Several differentially expressed genes in the AF-LA sample were significantly associated with the Gene Ontogeny term 'Autophagy', indicating that the expression of autophagic genes was specifically altered in this dataset. In particular, the expression of genes known or suspected to be involved in autophagosome formation (autophagy related 5 [ATG5], autophagy related 10 [ATG10], autophagy related 12 [ATG12], and light chain 3B [LC3B]), lysosome formation (lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 [LAMP1] and lysosomal associated membrane protein 2 [LAMP2]), and autophagosome-lysosome fusion (synaptosome associated protein 29 [SNAP29], SNAP associated protein [SNAPIN], and syntaxin 17 [STX17]) was significantly upregulated in the LA-AF dataset. Conclusions: Autophagy is activated excessively in, and may perpetuate, AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kamihara
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirashiki
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Manabu Kokubo
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Atsuya Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Wang X, Xie F, Sun Z, Guo B, Li F, Wang S, Wang Y, Tian Y, Zhao Y, Qian L. Leucine mediates cognitive dysfunction in early life stress-induced mental disorders by activating autophagy. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1060712. [PMID: 36687518 PMCID: PMC9846360 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1060712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the relationship between leucine in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cognitive dysfunction in rats with early life stress (ELS) induced mental illness, and pathophysiological mechanism involved. Methods The maternal separation (MS), an animal paradigm used widely as a preclinical model of ELS which is one of the important risk factors for mental disorders. Behavioral experiments including open-field test, sucrose preference, object recognition and Morris water maze tests, Nissl staining, transmission electron microscopy and WES were employed in the present study. Results The behavioral results showed that MS rats were more prone to cognitive impairment and depression-and-anxiety-like behaviors than controls, including spatial self-exploration ability, memory ability, and spatial learning and memory function. Nissl staining analysis indicated that the number of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus significantly decreased and the arrangement of nerve cells was abnormal. The leucine levels were decreased in the CSF of MS rats and highly correlated with the number of hippocampal neurons, and yet leucine supplementation improved the degree of MS-induced cognitive impairment. Furthermore, there were autophagosomes in the hippocampus of the low-leucine diet rats of the control and MS group but not in the high-leucine diet MS group by transmission electron microscopy. The protein expression of Beclin-1 in the hippocampus was significantly increased in the MS normal diet group and MS low-leucine diet group, yet decreased in the MS high-leucine diet group compared with the MS low-leucine diet group. Meanwhile, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly decreased in the control low-leucine diet group, MS normal diet group and MS low-leucine diet group. Ultimately, in vitro experiments suggested that leucine deficiency could activate neuronal autophagy including enhanced LC3II/LC3I and mRFP-GFP-LC3, which was consistent with the in vivo results, and the cell apoptosis rate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity were also increased with leucine deficiency, while the above effects could be partly reversed by autophagy inhibitor treatment. Conclusions MS model caused adult male rats to be susceptible to cognitive dysfunction, which may regulate autophagy in hippocampal neurons through leucine metabolism in CSF.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. Targeting HDAC6 to Overcome Autophagy-Promoted Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179592. [PMID: 36076996 PMCID: PMC9455701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene expression through the epigenetic modification of chromatin structure. HDAC6, unlike many other HDACs, is present in the cytoplasm. Its deacetylates non-histone proteins and plays diverse roles in cancer cell initiation, proliferation, autophagy, and anti-cancer drug resistance. The development of HDAC6-specific inhibitors has been relatively successful. Mechanisms of HDAC6-promoted anti-cancer drug resistance, cancer cell proliferation, and autophagy are discussed. The relationship between autophagy and anti-cancer drug resistance is discussed. The effects of combination therapy, which includes HDAC6 inhibitors, on the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics and immune checkpoint blockade are presented. A summary of clinical trials involving HDAC6-specific inhibitors is also presented. This review presents HDAC6 as a valuable target for developing anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Schröder M, Petrova M, Vlahova Z, Dobrikov GM, Slavchev I, Pasheva E, Ugrinova I. In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Two Ferrocene-Containing Camphor Sulfonamides as Promising Agents against Lung Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061353. [PMID: 35740374 PMCID: PMC9219647 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful design of antitumour drugs often combines in one molecule different biologically active subunits that can affect various regulatory pathways in the cell and thus achieve higher efficacy. Two ferrocene derivatives, DK-164 and CC-78, with different residues were tested for cytotoxic potential on non-small lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H1299, and non-cancerous MRC5. DK-164 demonstrated remarkable selectivity toward cancer cells and more pronounced cytotoxicity against A549. The cytotoxicity of CC-78 toward H1299 was even higher than that of the well-established anticancer drugs cisplatin and tamoxifen, but it did not reveal any noticeable selective effect. DK-164 showed predominantly pro-apoptotic activity in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells, while CC-78 caused accidental cell death with features characteristic of necrosis. The level of induced autophagy was similar for both substances in cancer cells. DK-164 treatment of A549, H1299, and MRC5 cells for 48 h significantly increased the fluorescence signal of the NFkB (nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells) protein in the nucleus in all three cell lines, while CC-78 did not provoke NFkB translocation in any of the tested cell lines. Both compounds caused a significant transfer of the p53 protein in the nucleus of A549 cells but not in non-cancerous MRC5 cells. In A549, DK-164 generated oxidative stress close to the positive control after 48 h, while CC-78 had a moderate effect on the cellular redox status. In the non-cancerous cells, MRC5, both compounds produced ROS similar to the positive control for the same incubation period. The different results related to the cytotoxic potential of DK-164 and CC-78 associated with the examined cellular mechanisms induced in lung cancer cells might be used to conclude the specific functions of the various functional groups in the ferrocene compounds, which can offer new perspectives for the design of antitumour drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Akad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (Z.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Maria Petrova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Akad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (Z.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Zlatina Vlahova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Akad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (Z.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Georgi M. Dobrikov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.M.D.); (I.S.)
| | - Ivaylo Slavchev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.M.D.); (I.S.)
| | - Evdokia Pasheva
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Akad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (Z.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Iva Ugrinova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Akad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (Z.V.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-887-985-463
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Loizzo D, Pandolfo SD, Rogers D, Cerrato C, di Meo NA, Autorino R, Mirone V, Ferro M, Porta C, Stella A, Bizzoca C, Vincenti L, Spilotros M, Rutigliano M, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Lucarelli G. Novel Insights into Autophagy and Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073826. [PMID: 35409187 PMCID: PMC8999129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex process involved in several cell activities, including tissue growth, differentiation, metabolic modulation, and cancer development. In prostate cancer, autophagy has a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis and disease progression. Several molecular pathways are involved, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR. However, depending on the cellular context, autophagy may play either a detrimental or a protective role in prostate cancer. For this purpose, current evidence has investigated how autophagy interacts within these complex interactions. In this article, we discuss novel findings about autophagic machinery in order to better understand the therapeutic response and the chemotherapy resistance of prostate cancer. Autophagic-modulation drugs have been employed in clinical trials to regulate autophagy, aiming to improve the response to chemotherapy or to anti-cancer treatments. Furthermore, the genetic signature of autophagy has been found to have a potential means to stratify prostate cancer aggressiveness. Unfortunately, stronger evidence is needed to better understand this field, and the application of these findings in clinical practice still remains poorly feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Loizzo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation–Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.L.); (N.A.d.M.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.D.P.); (D.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.D.P.); (D.R.); (R.A.)
- Division of Urology, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80100 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Devin Rogers
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.D.P.); (D.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Clara Cerrato
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Nicola Antonio di Meo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation–Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.L.); (N.A.d.M.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Riccardo Autorino
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.D.P.); (D.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Mirone
- Division of Urology, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80100 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Cinzia Bizzoca
- Department of General Surgery “Ospedaliera”, Polyclinic Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Leonardo Vincenti
- Department of General Surgery “Ospedaliera”, Polyclinic Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Marco Spilotros
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation–Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.L.); (N.A.d.M.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation–Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.L.); (N.A.d.M.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation–Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.L.); (N.A.d.M.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation–Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.L.); (N.A.d.M.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation–Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.L.); (N.A.d.M.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang S, Peng X, Yang S, Li X, Huang M, Wei S, Liu J, He G, Zheng H, Yang L, Li H, Fan Q. The regulation, function, and role of lipophagy, a form of selective autophagy, in metabolic disorders. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:132. [PMID: 35136038 PMCID: PMC8825858 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved method of quality control in which cytoplasmic contents are degraded via lysosomes. Lipophagy, a form of selective autophagy and a novel type of lipid metabolism, has recently received much attention. Lipophagy is defined as the autophagic degradation of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs). Although much remains unknown, lipophagy appears to play a significant role in many organisms, cell types, metabolic states, and diseases. It participates in the regulation of intracellular lipid storage, intracellular free lipid levels (e.g., fatty acids), and energy balance. However, it remains unclear how intracellular lipids regulate autophagy. Impaired lipophagy can cause cells to become sensitive to death stimuli and may be responsible for the onset of a variety of diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. Like autophagy, the role of lipophagy in cancer is poorly understood, although analysis of specific autophagy receptors has helped to expand the diversity of chemotherapeutic targets. These studies have stimulated increasing interest in the role of lipophagy in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer and other human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Mingyao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Guangpeng He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sultana T, Mitra AK, Das S. Evaluation of anti-cancer potential of Excoecaria agallocha (L.) leaf extract on human cervical cancer (SiHa) cell line and assessing the underlying mechanism of action. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The incidence of cervical cancer is increasing at an alarming rate in many countries and presently, it is the most common form of malignant cancer being reported among women in India. Development of novel approach for cervical cancer therapy, sparing healthy normal cells overcoming the limitations of prevailing therapies is of prime importance. Mangroves constitute a significant repository of medicinally important plants. Thus, in this study, we aimed to determine the anticancer activity of the mangrove Excoecaria agallocha L. leaf extracts on human cervical cancer (SiHa HPV 16+) cell line with subsequent characterization of the bioactive compounds conferring the anticancer activity and studying the probable underlying mechanism of action of the purified plant extract.
Results
The plant extract was subjected to silica gel column chromatography and the fractions obtained were analyzed for cytotoxic activity against SiHa cells by MTT assay. One out of the three eluted fractions exhibited selective toxicity against SiHa cells with an IC50 value of 15.538 ± 0.577 µg/mL, while it had no cytotoxic effect on normal healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. High-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy, coupled to electron spray ionization and diode array detection analysis, led to the structure elucidation and identification of a few pharmacologically important compounds, with Bergenin being present in the highest abundance. Fluorescence microscopy results revealed that the plant extract fraction induced LC3 puncta formation, in EGFP- SiHa cells indicating the onset of autophagy, with simultaneous stimulation of mitophagy. The plant extract also inhibited proliferation of the SiHa-smac-mCherry cells by second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC)—induced cytochrome c dependent apoptosis, that was further confirmed with Caspase-3 activation by colorimetric assay. The GFP-dgn in SiHa cells was remarkably protected from proteasomal degradation that might upregulate the survivability of the cells significantly. Flow cytometry followed by Western blot analysis further asserted the ability of the plant extract fraction to cause cell cycle arrest of SiHa cells in the G2/M phase by significantly reducing protein expression levels of cyclin B1 and D1, decreasing Cdc2 level and simultaneously increasing p21 and p53 levels.
Conclusion
It could be inferred that the aqueous extract of E. agallocha successfully decreased the proliferation of SiHa cervical cancer cells through induction of autophagy and apoptosis in a concerted manner, with simultaneous stimulation of mitophagy and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, hinting at Bergenin being the major compound conferring the anti-cancer activity of the plant extract. Thus, isolation of the identified bioactive compounds from E. agallocha and their subsequent purification for drug development might serve as a novel medicinal approach for the treatment of cervical cancer in conjugation with existing therapeutic methods.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mild hyperthermia induced by gold nanorods acts as a dual-edge blade in the fate of SH-SY5Y cells via autophagy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23984. [PMID: 34907215 PMCID: PMC8671444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unraveling unwanted side effects of nanotechnology-based therapies like photothermal therapy (PTT) is vital in translational nanomedicine. Herein, we monitored the relationship between autophagic response at the transcriptional level by using a PCR array and tumor formation ability by colony formation assay in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, 48 h after being exposed to two different mild hyperthermia (43 and 48 °C) induced by PTT. In this regard, the promotion of apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated using immunofluorescence imaging and flow cytometry analyses. Protein levels of Ki-67, P62, and LC3 were measured using ELISA. Our results showed that of 86 genes associated with autophagy, the expression of 54 genes was changed in response to PTT. Also, we showed that chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and macroautophagy are stimulated in PTT. Importantly, the results of this study also showed significant changes in genes related to the crosstalk between autophagy, dormancy, and metastatic activity of treated cells. Our findings illustrated that PTT enhances the aggressiveness of cancer cells at 43 °C, in contrast to 48 °C by the regulation of autophagy-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
13
|
da Costa A, Picoli C, Mouthon F, Charvériat M. Automated Assays to Identify Modulators of Transcription Factor EB Translocation and Autophagy. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 20:67-74. [PMID: 34898267 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process leading to the degradation of cellular material, in organelles called lysosomes, to supply energy or generate building blocks for the synthesis of new materials. Over the past decades, its role has been evidenced in several indications, notably in neurodegenerative disorders and orphan diseases called lysosomal storage disorders and its modulation is largely envisioned as a therapeutic avenue to alleviate the symptoms and reverse the clinical courses of these indications. Identifying new chemical classes and drugs is, hence, of huge importance. In this study, we developed automated assays to assess the potential efficacy of chemical compounds on different steps of autophagy, notably its induction through the localization of a largely involved transcription factor, transcription factor EB (TFEB). These assays were then used to screen a collection of 1,520 approved drugs. This study led to the identification of five candidate hits modulating autophagy and TFEB subcellular localization. Our results suggest the repurposing potential of already approved drugs in central nervous system disorders with lysosomal storage impairments.
Collapse
|
14
|
ElZahabi HSA, Nafie MS, Osman D, Elghazawy NH, Soliman DH, El-Helby AAH, Arafa RK. Design, synthesis and evaluation of new quinazolin-4-one derivatives as apoptotic enhancers and autophagy inhibitors with potent antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113609. [PMID: 34119830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the design and synthesis of a series of new quinazolin-4-one derivatives, based on the established effectiveness of quinazoline-based small molecules as anticancer agents. Synthesized compounds were more potent against MCF-7 than A-549 with low to submicromolar IC50s. Compound 17 exhibited the best IC50 being equipotent with the positive control doxorubicin (IC50 = 0.06 μM) and better than 5-fluorouracil (IC50 = 2.13 μM). Compound 17 was further tested against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A and was found to be > 2 folds more cytotoxic on MCF-7. Significant apoptotic activity was elicited by 17 on MCF-7 where it increased apoptotic cell death along with induction of pre-G1 and G1-phase cell cycle arrest. Similarly, 17 was able to induce apoptosis in MD-MB-231 treated cells associated with a disruption of the cell cycle causing arrest at the pre-G1 and S phases. Investigation of gene expression in MCF-7 demonstrated an increased expression of the proapoptotic genes P53, PUMA, Bax, caspases 3, 8 and 9 and a decrease of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2. Also, 17 reduced autophagy giving way for apoptosis to induce cancer cells death. This latter observation was associated with downregulation of EGFR and its downstream effectors PI3K, AKT and mTor. As its biomolecular target, 17 also inhibited EGFR similar to erlotinib (IC50 = 0.072 and 0.087 μM, respectively). Additionally, in vivo testing in a mouse model of breast cancer affirmed the anti-tumor efficacy of 17. Finally, docking of 17 against EGFR ATP binding site demonstrated its ability to bind with EGFR resembling erlotinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba S A ElZahabi
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Girls Branch, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Dina Osman
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, MSA University, Egypt
| | - Nehal H Elghazawy
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Dalia H Soliman
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Girls Branch, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelghany Ali H El-Helby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Boys Branch, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jena BC, Rout L, Dey A, Mandal M. Active autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblasts: Recent advances in understanding the novel mechanism of tumor progression and therapeutic response. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7887-7902. [PMID: 34008184 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is primarily a homeostatic and catabolic process that is increasingly being recognized to have a pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of cancer cells, as well as in the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Moreover, in the tumor microenvironment (TME) autophagy plays a crucial and sometimes dichotomous role in tumor progression. Recent studies show that during the early stages of tumor initiation, autophagy suppresses tumorigenesis. However, in the advanced stage of tumorigenesis, autophagy promotes cancer progression by protecting cancer cells against stressful conditions and therapeutic assault. Specifically, in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), autophagy promotes tumorigenesis not only by providing nutrients to the cancerous cells but also by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, stemness, and metastatic dissemination of the cancer cells, whereas in the immune cells, autophagy induces the tumor-localized immune response. In the TME, CAFs play a crucial role in cancer cell metabolism, immunoreaction, and growth. Therefore, targeting autophagy in CAFs by several pharmacological inducers like rapamycin or the inhibitor such as chloroquine has gained importance in preclinical and clinical trials. In the present review, we summarized the basic mechanism of autophagy in CAFs along with its role in driving tumorigenic progression through several emerging as well as classical hallmarks of cancer. We also addressed various autophagy inducers as well as inhibitors of autophagy for more efficient cancer management. Eventually, we prioritized some of the outstanding issues that must be addressed with utmost priority in the future to elucidate the role of autophagy in CAFs on tumor progression and therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Jena
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Lipsa Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha'O'Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ankita Dey
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
du Plessis M, Davis T, Loos B, Pretorius E, de Villiers WJS, Engelbrecht AM. Molecular regulation of autophagy in a pro-inflammatory tumour microenvironment: New insight into the role of serum amyloid A. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:71-83. [PMID: 33727011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, systemic or local, plays a vital role in tumour progression and metastasis. Dysregulation of key physiological processes such as autophagy elicit unfavourable immune responses to induce chronic inflammation. Cytokines, growth factors and acute phase proteins present in the tumour microenvironment regulate inflammatory responses and alter crosstalk between various signalling pathways involved in the progression of cancer. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a key acute phase protein secreted by the liver during the acute phase response (APR) following infection or injury. However, cancer and cancer-associated cells produce SAA, which when present in high levels in the tumour microenvironment contributes to cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. SAA can activate several signalling pathways such as the PI3K and MAPK pathways, which are also known modulators of the intracellular degradation process, autophagy. Autophagy can be regarded as having a double edged sword effect in cancer. Its dysregulation can induce malignant transformation through metabolic stress which manifests as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and DNA damage. On the other hand, autophagy can promote cancer survival during metabolic stress, hypoxia and senescence. Autophagy has been utilised to promote the efficiency of chemotherapeutic agents and can either be inhibited or induced to improve treatment outcomes. This review aims to address the known mechanisms that regulate autophagy as well as illustrating the role of SAA in modulating these pathways and its clinical implications for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M du Plessis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - T Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - B Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - E Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - W J S de Villiers
- African Cancer Institute (ACI), Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, South Africa
| | - A M Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Patel NH, Bloukh S, Alwohosh E, Alhesa A, Saleh T, Gewirtz DA. Autophagy and senescence in cancer therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 150:1-74. [PMID: 33858594 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells can undergo diverse responses to cancer therapy. While apoptosis represents the most desirable outcome, tumor cells can alternatively undergo autophagy and senescence. Both autophagy and senescence have the potential to make complex contributions to tumor cell survival via both cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous pathways. The induction of autophagy and senescence in tumor cells, preclinically and clinically, either individually or concomitantly, has generated interest in the utilization of autophagy modulating and senolytic therapies to target autophagy and senescence, respectively. This chapter summarizes the current evidence for the promotion of autophagy and senescence as fundamental responses to cancer therapy and discusses the complexity of their functional contributions to cell survival and disease outcomes. We also highlight current modalities designed to exploit autophagy and senescence in efforts to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nipa H Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Goodwin Research Laboratories, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Sarah Bloukh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Enas Alwohosh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Alhesa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Goodwin Research Laboratories, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kamihara T, Murohara T. Bioinformatics analysis of autophagy-lysosomal degradation in cardiac aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 21:108-115. [PMID: 33233021 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cardiac aging, which causes cardiac diastolic dysfunction, frequently occurs in older people. The role of autophagy in cardiac aging is the subject of intensive research. Autophagy comprises steps called the autophagosome formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Caloric restriction (CR) is the gold standard used to induce autophagosome formation, and autophagosome-lysosome fusion is reduced by aging. However, few studies are available that survey and compare signaling during CR (autophagosome formation induced status) and old (potentially autophagosome-lysosome fusion-reduced status). Here we aimed to identify the rate-limiting step of autophagic disorders during cardiac aging. METHODS We employed bioinformatics to analyze publicly available DNA microarray datasets. The first dataset compared the hearts of young and old C57BL6 mice (OLD). The second dataset compared the hearts of young C57BL6 mice fed a normal diet with those of young C57BL6 mice subjected to CR. RESULTS We analyzed OLD-upregulated genes that were significantly associated with the Gene Ontogeny term "Autophagy," indicating that autophagic genes were upregulated in OLD mice. The autophagy-related gene Atg5 and Atg5-related genes were upregulated in OLD and CR mice. The identified hub and bottleneck genes are autophagic autophagosome formation suppressors such as Sirt2, Ilk and Islr, as well as the autophagosome-lysosome fusion inducer Snapin. CONCLUSIONS Autophagosome formation genes were upregulated in aging mice subjected to CR, indicating that an upregulated autophagosome formation is not a change specific to cardiac aging. However, autophagosome-lysosome fusion genes, particularly the lysosome transportation-related gene Snapin, were downregulated in aging, indicating that autophagosome-lysosome fusion may cause autophagic disorders in cardiac aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 108-115.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kamihara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jung SH, Lee W, Park SH, Lee KY, Choi YJ, Choi S, Kang D, Kim S, Chang TS, Hong SS, Lee BH. Diclofenac impairs autophagic flux via oxidative stress and lysosomal dysfunction: Implications for hepatotoxicity. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101751. [PMID: 33080439 PMCID: PMC7575798 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with various side effects, including cardiovascular and hepatic disorders. Studies suggest that mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress are important mediators of toxicity, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we identified that some NSAIDs, including diclofenac, inhibit autophagic flux in hepatocytes. Further detailed studies demonstrated that diclofenac induced a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent increase in lysosomal pH, attenuated cathepsin activity and blocked autophagosome-lysosome fusion. The reactivation of lysosomal function by treatment with clioquinol or transfection with the transcription factor EB restored lysosomal pH and thus autophagic flux. The production of mitochondrial ROS is critical for this process since scavenging ROS reversed lysosomal dysfunction and activated autophagic flux. The compromised lysosomal activity induced by diclofenac also inhibited the fusion with and degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy. Diclofenac-induced cell death and hepatotoxicity were effectively protected by rapamycin. Thus, we demonstrated that diclofenac induces the intracellular ROS production and lysosomal dysfunction that lead to the suppression of autophagy. Impaired autophagy fails to maintain mitochondrial integrity and aggravates the cellular ROS burden, which leads to diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohee Choi
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinri Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Autophagic flux inhibition enhances cytotoxicity of the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor ponatinib. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:195. [PMID: 32962733 PMCID: PMC7507635 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite reported advances, acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors still represents a serious problem in successful cancer treatment. Among this class of drugs, ponatinib (PON) has been shown to have notable long-term efficacy, although its cytotoxicity might be hampered by autophagy. In this study, we examined the likelihood of PON resistance evolution in neuroblastoma and assessed the extent to which autophagy might provide survival advantages to tumor cells. Methods The effects of PON in inducing autophagy were determined both in vitro, using SK-N-BE(2), SH-SY5Y, and IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cell lines, and in vivo, using zebrafish and mouse models. Single and combined treatments with chloroquine (CQ)—a blocking agent of lysosomal metabolism and autophagic flux—and PON were conducted, and the effects on cell viability were determined using metabolic and immunohistochemical assays. The activation of the autophagic flux was analyzed through immunoblot and protein arrays, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Combination therapy with PON and CQ was tested in a clinically relevant neuroblastoma mouse model. Results Our results confirm that, in neuroblastoma cells and wild-type zebrafish embryos, PON induces the accumulation of autophagy vesicles—a sign of autophagy activation. Inhibition of autophagic flux by CQ restores the cytotoxic potential of PON, thus attributing to autophagy a cytoprotective nature. In mice, the use of CQ as adjuvant therapy significantly improves the anti-tumor effects obtained by PON, leading to ulterior reduction of tumor masses. Conclusions Together, these findings support the importance of autophagy monitoring in the treatment protocols that foresee PON administration, as this may predict drug resistance acquisition. The findings also establish the potential for combined use of CQ and PON, paving the way for their consideration in upcoming treatment protocols against neuroblastoma.
Collapse
|
21
|
Liang D, Osoro EK, Tan S, Lan X, Zhu W, Wu L, Du X, Li D, Lu S. Effects and Mechanisms of Autophagy Induced by Solubilized-Cholesterol in Hepatocytes: A Comparative Study Among Solvents. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:357-366. [PMID: 32441028 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol, the principal sterol in mammalian cells, has been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases through autophagy. Due to its insoluble characteristic, all in vitro cholesterol experiments are performed using dimethyl sulphoxide, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, and ethanol co-solvents. To investigate whether the types of solvents have different effects on cholesterol-induced cell behaviors, we analyzed the effects and mechanisms of autophagy induced by solubilized-cholesterol in hepatic cells. We found that both solubilized-cholesterol and involved solvents could induce autophagy. Solubilized-cholesterol could further enhance the LC3-II expression with or without the pre-treatment with lysosomal blockers compared with the single-solvent groups, indicating that cholesterol could sensitize cells to solvents-induced autophagy. Besides, solubilized-cholesterol and single-solvent treatment could repress the activation of AKT-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, cholesterol solubilized in methyl-β-cyclodextrin could induce apoptosis while other solubilized-cholesterol or single solvent groups could not, suggesting that different dissolve methods may affect the cytotoxic of cholesterol. These results strongly suggest that the effect of solvent should be taken into consideration in further in vitro cholesterol studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ezra K Osoro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lamb HM. Double agents of cell death: novel emerging functions of apoptotic regulators. FEBS J 2020; 287:2647-2663. [PMID: 32239637 PMCID: PMC8796856 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly regulated form of cell death that is required for many homeostatic and pathological processes. Recently, alternative cell death pathways have emerged whose regulation is dependent on proteins with canonical functions in apoptosis. Dysregulation of apoptotic signaling frequently underlies the pathogenesis of many cancers, reinforcing the need to develop therapies that initiate alternative cell death processes. This review outlines the convergence points between apoptosis and other death pathways with the purpose of identifying novel strategies for the treatment of apoptosis-refractory cancers. Apoptosis proteins can play key roles in the initiation, regulation, and execution of nonapoptotic death processes that include necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, mPTP-mediated necrosis, and ferroptosis. Notably, recent evidence illustrates that dying cells can exhibit biochemical and molecular characteristics of more than one different type of regulated cell death. Thus, this review highlights the amazing complexity and interconnectivity of cell death processes and also raises the idea that a top-to-bottom approach to describing cell death mechanisms may be inadequate for fully understanding the means by which cells die.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Lamb
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and
Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore,
MD 21205 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A reporter cell line for real-time imaging of autophagy and apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:23-30. [PMID: 32109534 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of autophagy and apoptosis is important in drug discovery and signaling studies. Here we report, a real-time reporter cell line for the simultaneous detection of apoptosis and autophagy at single-cell level employing stable integration of two fluorescent protein reporters of apoptosis and autophagy. Cells stably expressing EGFP-LC3 fusion was developed initially as a marker for autophagy and subsequently stably expressed with inter-mitochondrial membrane protein SMAC with RFP fusion to detect mitochondrial permeabilization event of apoptosis. The cell lines faithfully reported the LC3 punctae formation and release of intermembrane proteins in response to diverse apoptotic and autophagic stimuli.
Collapse
|
24
|
Murray M, Roseblade A, Chen Y, Bourget K, Rawling T. Carbon Chain Length Modulates MDA‐MB‐231 Breast Cancer Cell Killing Mechanisms by Mitochondrially Targeted Aryl−Urea Fatty Acids. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:247-255. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney Camperdown, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Ariane Roseblade
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology Sydney Ultimo, New South Wales 2007 Australia
| | - Yongjuan Chen
- Discipline of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney Camperdown, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Discipline of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney Camperdown, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology Sydney Ultimo, New South Wales 2007 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu F, Jin H, Shen J, Wu D, Tian Y, Huang C. Gp130 degradation induced by epirubicin contributes to chemotherapy efficacy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:572-578. [PMID: 31537377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two anthracyclines, doxorubicin and epirubicin have been widely used alone or in combination with other antitumor reagents in the chemotherapeutic treatment of various malignancies. Although therapeutic efficacy of anthracyclines has been studied extensively, precise cytotoxic mechanism of these drugs is not been completely elucidated. Here we show that epirubicin-induced degradation of transmembrane protein gp130 contributes to antitumor effect of epirubicin. gp130 is degraded by epirubicin in a proteasome- and autophagy-dependent manner. Epirubicin induces activation of p38-MK2 signaling pathway to phosphorylate gp130 at Ser 782, which results in gp130 internalization and degradation by lysosome. Although mutation of Ser 782 to Ala or Cys in gp130 upregulates global epirubicin-induced autophagy, reduced degradation of gp130 accompanied with enhanced Stat3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 is observed. We also show that epirubicin-resistant tumor cells express higher level of gp130. Altogether, our results indicate that degradation of gp130 and subsequent reduction of gp130-Stat3 signaling contributes to epirubicin-induced tumor cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haizhen Jin
- The Central Lab at Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinhong Shen
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dan Wu
- The Central Lab at Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Thoracic Oncology Institute at Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kwon Y, Kim M, Jung HS, Kim Y, Jeoung D. Targeting Autophagy for Overcoming Resistance to Anti-EGFR Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091374. [PMID: 31527477 PMCID: PMC6769649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays critical roles in cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and anti-cancer drug resistance. Overexpression and somatic mutations of EGFR result in enhanced cancer cell survival. Therefore, EGFR can be a target for the development of anti-cancer therapy. Patients with cancers, including non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), have been shown to response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and anti-EGFR antibodies. However, resistance to these anti-EGFR treatments has developed. Autophagy has emerged as a potential mechanism involved in the acquired resistance to anti-EGFR treatments. Anti-EGFR treatments can induce autophagy and result in resistance to anti-EGFR treatments. Autophagy is a programmed catabolic process stimulated by various stimuli. It promotes cellular survival under these stress conditions. Under normal conditions, EGFR-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling inhibits autophagy while EGFR/rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling promotes autophagy. Thus, targeting autophagy may overcome resistance to anti-EGFR treatments. Inhibitors targeting autophagy and EGFR signaling have been under development. In this review, we discuss crosstalk between EGFR signaling and autophagy. We also assess whether autophagy inhibition, along with anti-EGFR treatments, might represent a promising approach to overcome resistance to anti-EGFR treatments in various cancers. In addition, we discuss new developments concerning anti-autophagy therapeutics for overcoming resistance to anti-EGFR treatments in various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoojung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea.
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Y, Bonavida B. A New Linkage between the Tumor Suppressor RKIP and Autophagy: Targeted Therapeutics. Crit Rev Oncog 2019; 23:281-305. [PMID: 30311561 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2018027211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complexities of molecular signaling in cancer cells have been hypothesized to mediate cross-network alterations of oncogenic processes such as uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation, acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and resistance to cytotoxic therapies. The two biochemically exclusive processes/proteins examined in the present review are the metastasis suppressor Raf-1 kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) and the cell-intrinsic system of macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy). RKIP is poorly expressed in human cancer tissues, and low expression levels are correlated with high incidence of tumor growth, metastasis, poor treatment efficacy, and poor prognoses in cancer patients. By comparison, autophagy is a conserved cytoprotective degradation pathway that has been shown to influence the acquisition of resistance to hypoxia and nutrient depletion as well as the regulation of chemo-immuno-resistance and apoptotic evasion. Evidently, a broad library of cancer-relevant studies exists for RKIP and autophagy, although reports of the interactions between pathways involving RKIP and autophagy have been relatively sparse. To circumvent this limitation, the coordinate regulatory and effector mechanisms were examined for both RKIP and autophagy. Here, we propose three putative pathways that demonstrate the inherent pleiotropism and relevance of RKIP and the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3, LC3) on cell growth, proliferation, senescence, and EMT, among the hallmarks of cancer. Our findings suggest that signaling modules involving p53, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Snail highlight the novel roles for RKIP in the control of autophagy and vice versa. The suggested potential crosstalk mechanisms are new areas of research in which to further study RKIP and autophagy in cancer models. These should lead to novel prognostic motifs and will provide alternative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of unresponsive aggressive cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1747
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1747
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Meng Q, Xu J, Liang C, Liu J, Hua J, Zhang Y, Ni Q, Shi S, Yu X. GPx1 is involved in the induction of protective autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells in response to glucose deprivation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1187. [PMID: 30538220 PMCID: PMC6290009 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the dense stroma and poor vascularization, access to nutrients is limited in the microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). PDA cells can efficiently recycle various metabolic substrates through the activation of different rescuing pathways, including the autophagy pathway. However, the precise roles of autophagy in cancer metabolism are not yet fully understood. In the present study, we first monitored the effect of glucose deprivation on autophagy and on the expression of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) in PDA cells under the glucose-free environment. Glucose starvation induced progressive autophagy activation in PDA cells via the activation of ROS/AMPK signaling. GPx1 degradation caused by glucose deprivation led to further ROS-dependent autophagy activation. Both GPx1 overexpression and autophagy inhibition sensitized cells to starvation-induced cell death through the activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, GPx1 may regulate glycolysis inhibition in PDA cells under glucose-deprived conditions. In summary, this study increases our understanding of the role of GPx1 in the induction of protective autophagy in PDA cells under extreme glucose starvation and may provide new therapeutic targets or innovative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chung Y, Lee J, Jung S, Lee Y, Cho JW, Oh YJ. Dysregulated autophagy contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1189. [PMID: 30538224 PMCID: PMC6289995 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a regulated, intracellular degradation process that delivers unnecessary or dysfunctional cargo to the lysosome. Autophagy has been viewed as an adaptive survival response to various stresses, whereas in other cases, it promotes cell death. Therefore, both deficient and excessive autophagy may lead to cell death. In this study, we specifically attempted to explore whether and how dysregulated autophagy contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal cell death induced by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses indicated that MN9D neuronal cells and primary cultures of cortical neurons challenged with 6-OHDA displayed typical features of autophagy. Cotreatment with chloroquine and monitoring autophagic flux by a tandem mRFP-EGFP-tagged LC3 probe indicated that the autophagic phenomena were primarily caused by dysregulated autophagic flux. Consequently, cotreatment with an antioxidant but not with a pan-caspase inhibitor significantly blocked 6-OHDA-stimulated dysregulated autophagy. These results indicated that 6-OHDA-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a critical role in triggering neuronal death by causing dysregulated autophagy and subsequent caspase-dependent apoptosis. The results of the MTT reduction, caspase-3 activation, and TUNEL assays indicated that pharmacological inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine or deletion of the autophagy-related gene Atg5 significantly inhibited 6-OHDA-induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that abnormal induction of autophagic flux promotes apoptotic neuronal cell death, and that the treatments limiting dysregulated autophagy may have a strong neuroprotective potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhyun Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Juhyung Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Shinae Jung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Yangsin Lee
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.,Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Oleuropein Induces AMPK-Dependent Autophagy in NAFLD Mice, Regardless of the Gender. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123948. [PMID: 30544824 PMCID: PMC6321282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein (Ole) is one of the most plentiful phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. The aim of our study was to establish whether the positive Ole-related effects on liver steatosis could be associated with autophagy. Female and male C57BL/6J mice were fed normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, and Ole was added or not for the following eight weeks. The autophagy-related proteins Akt, mTOR, AMPK, ULK1, Beclin-1, LC3B and p62/Sqstm1 were analyzed. Interestingly, Ole induced a different regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in female compared to male mice, but was able to activate the autophagic process in ND and HFD mice through AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser555, regardless of the gender. Our work reveals the ability of Ole to induce, in liver of ND and HFD mice, autophagy independently by gender-specific mTOR activation. We highlight Ole as a novel therapeutic approach to counteract unhealthy diet-related liver steatosis by targeting autophagy.
Collapse
|
31
|
Targeting autophagy by small molecule inhibitors of vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34) improves the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to Sunitinib. Cancer Lett 2018; 435:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
32
|
Xiao X, Wang W, Li Y, Yang D, Li X, Shen C, Liu Y, Ke X, Guo S, Guo Z. HSP90AA1-mediated autophagy promotes drug resistance in osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:201. [PMID: 30153855 PMCID: PMC6114771 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Unfortunately, osteosarcoma treatments often fail due to the development of chemoresistance, of which the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that HSP90AA1 gene is responsible for drug resistance in osteosarcoma through an autophagy-related mechanism. Methods shRNAs were transfected into osteosarcoma cells for knockdown of HSP90AA1 gene. Stable HSP90AA1 overexpressing osteosarcoma cell lines were obtained by lentivirus infection. mRNA and protein expressions of HSP90AA1 in osteosarcoma cells were tested by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Autophagy of osteosarcoma cells was detected by western blot of LC3, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscope. mRFP-GFP-LC3 lentiviral transfection was also performed to detect autophagic flux. NOD/SCID mices were inoculated with MG-63 tumor cells transfected with HSP90AA1 specific shRNA. TUNEL and LC3 staining were performed to detect apoptosis and autophagy of resected tumor tissues. Results Doxorubicin, cisplatin, and methotrexate, which are commonly used in chemotherapy, each induced HSP90AA1 upregulation in human osteosarcoma cells. Suppression of HSP90AA1 restored the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to chemotherapy both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanism study indicated that autophagy is responsible for the chemoresistance in osteosarcoma cells. HSP90AA1 increased drug resistance by inducing autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. Suppression of HSP90AA1 diminished autophagic protection in response to chemotherapy in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, HSP90AA1 promotes autophagy through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibits apoptosis through JNK/P38 pathway. Conclusion We showed that chemotherapy agents can induce HSP90AA1 expression in osteosarcoma cells. And HSP90AA1, acting as an important regulator of autophagy, is a critical factor in the development of osteosarcoma chemoresistance both in vitro and in vivo. HSP90AA1 provides a novel therapeutic target for improving osteosarcoma treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0880-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianzhu Ke
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gemcitabine resistance mediated by ribonucleotide reductase M2 in lung squamous cell carcinoma is reversed by GW8510 through autophagy induction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1417-1433. [PMID: 29853661 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although chemotherapeutic regimen containing gemcitabine is the first-line therapy for advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), gemcitabine resistance remains an important clinical problem. Some studies suggest that overexpressions of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit M2 (RRM2) may be involved in gemcitabine resistance. We used a novel RRM2 inhibitor, GW8510, as a gemcitabine sensitization agent to investigate the therapeutic utility in reversing gemcitabine resistance in LSCC. Results showed that the expressions of RRM2 were increased in gemcitabine intrinsic resistant LSCC cells upon gemcitabine treatment. GW8510 not only suppressed LSCC cell survival, but also sensitized gemcitabine-resistant cells to gemcitabine through autophagy induction mediated by RRM2 down-regulation along with decrease in dNTP levels. The combination of GW8510 and gemcitabine produced a synergistic effect on killing LSCC cells. The synergism of the two agents was impeded by addition of autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) or bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1), or knockdown of the autophagy gene, Bcl-2-interacting protein 1 (BECN1). Moreover, GW8510-caused LSCC cell sensitization to gemcitabine through autophagy induction was parallel with impairment of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and marked increase in cell apoptosis, revealing a cross-talk between autophagy and DNA damage repair, and an interplay between autophagy and apoptosis. Finally, gemcitabine sensitization mediated by autophagy induction through GW8510-caused RRM2 down-regulation was demonstrated in vivo in gemcitabine-resistant LSCC tumor xenograft, further indicating that the sensitization is dependent on autophagy activation. In conclusion, GW8510 can reverse gemcitabine resistance in LSCC cells through RRM2 downregulation-mediated autophagy induction, and GW850 may be a promising therapeutic agent against LSCC as it combined with gemcitabine.
Collapse
|
34
|
Luo X, Ye S, Jiang Q, Gong Y, Yuan Y, Hu X, Su X, Zhu W. Wnt inhibitory factor-1-mediated autophagy inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling by downregulating dishevelled-2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:904-914. [PMID: 29916529 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt inhibitory factor‑1 (WIF‑1) is an important antagonist of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling by binding to Wnt ligands. The downregulation of WIF‑1 leads to the development of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The upregulation of WIF‑1 significantly inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by inhibiting Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in NSCLC. However, the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling by WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy are poorly understood. Thus, in this study, we aimed to shed some light into these mechanisms. The upregulation of WIF‑1‑induced autophagy in NSCLC cells was detected by transmission electron microscopy, acridine orange staining, punctate GFP‑LC3 and immunoblotting‑based LC3 flux assay. Subsequently, WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy was blocked in NSCLC cells and the effects of WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy blocking were examined on the proliferation and apoptosis of NSCLC cells in vitro. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms effected by WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy in NSCLC cells. Finally, combination treatment with WIF‑1 and an autophagy agonist was used to examine the tumor growth inhibitory effects of WIF‑1 in vivo. The results revealed that the upregulation of WIF‑1 induced autophagy in NSCLC cells. WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy was demonstrated to inhibit Wnt/β‑catenin signaling by downregulating dishevelled‑2 (Dvl2), which contributed to the inhibition of the proliferation and the promotion of the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Moreover, the induction of autophagy mediated by WIF‑1 was associated with to suppression of the activation of the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Finally, we found that transfection with a WIF‑1 gene overexpression vector in combination with treatment with the autophagy agonist, everolimus (RAD001) exerted synergistic antitumor effects on A549 subcutaneous tumor xenografts and pulmonary metastasis in mice. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrated that WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy inhibits Wnt/β‑catenin signaling by downregulating Dvl2 expression in NSCLC cells. This may a novel molecular mechanism through which WIF‑1 inhibits Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. This study may provide a theoretical basis for joint therapy of NSCLC with WIF‑1 and autophagic agonists in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xueting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Autophagy-deficient breast cancer shows early tumor recurrence and escape from dormancy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22113-22122. [PMID: 29774126 PMCID: PMC5955162 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients who initially respond to cancer therapies often succumb to distant recurrence of the disease. It is not clear why people with the same type of breast cancer respond to treatments differently; some escape from dormancy and relapse earlier than others. In addition, some tumor clones respond to immunotherapy while others do not. We investigated how autophagy plays a role in accelerating or delaying recurrence of neu-overexpressing mouse mammary carcinoma (MMC) following adriamycin (ADR) treatment, and in affecting response to immunotherapy. We explored two strategies: 1) transient blockade of autophagy with chloroquine (CQ), which blocks fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes during ADR treatment, and 2) permanent inhibition of autophagy by a stable knockdown of ATG5 (ATG5KD), which inhibits the formation of autophagosomes in MMC during and after ADR treatment. We found that while CQ prolonged tumor dormancy, but that stable knockdown of autophagy resulted in early escape from dormancy and recurrence. Interestingly, ATG5KD MMC contained an increased frequency of ADR-induced polyploid-like cells and rendered MMC resistant to immunotherapy. On the other hand, a transient blockade of autophagy did not affect the sensitivity of MMC to immunotherapy. Our observations suggest that while chemotherapy-induced autophagy may facilitate tumor relapse, cell-intrinsic autophagy delays tumor relapse, in part, by inhibiting the formation of polyploid-like tumor dormancy.
Collapse
|
36
|
Mi X, Wang C, Sun C, Chen X, Huo X, Zhang Y, Li G, Xu B, Zhang J, Xie J, Wang Z, Li J. Xanthohumol induces paraptosis of leukemia cells through p38 mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31297-31304. [PMID: 28415750 PMCID: PMC5458208 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol as a natural polyphenol demonstrates an anticancer activity, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we showed that xanthohumol (XN) induces paraptosis of leukemia cells. The paraptosis is one cell death which is characterized by dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria. The results demonstrated that XN treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation and triggered extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation of HL-60 leukemia cells, but it did not cause the cleavage of caspase-3 protein or apoptosis. In contrast, XN treatment resulted in LC3-II accumulation through blocking of autophagosome maturation. Interestingly, the induction of cytoplasmic vacuolization by XN is not associated with autophagy modulated by XN, therefore, XN-induced cell death of HL-60 leukemia cells is not the classical apoptotic cell death. Intriguingly, XN treatment triggered the dilatation of endoplasma reticulum (ER) and induced ER stress by upregulating C/EBP homologous protein and unfolded protein response regulator Grp78/Bip. Furthermore, XN treatment triggered p38 mitogen activated protein kinase and its specific inhibitor inhibited the paraptosis of HL-60 leukemia cells by XN. In conclusion, we for the first time demonstrated that XN treatment can induce paraptosis of leukemia cells through activation of p38 MAPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Mi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Center for Mitochondrial and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Chunming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Huo
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Center for Mitochondrial and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Xie
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Ji Li
- Center for Mitochondrial and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pawlowska E, Szczepanska J, Szatkowska M, Blasiak J. An Interplay between Senescence, Apoptosis and Autophagy in Glioblastoma Multiforme-Role in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030889. [PMID: 29562589 PMCID: PMC5877750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, cellular senescence, programmed cell death and necrosis are key responses of a cell facing a stress. These effects are partly interconnected, but regulation of their mutual interactions is not completely clear. That regulation seems to be especially important in cancer cells, which have their own program of development and demand more nutrition and energy than normal cells. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) belongs to the most aggressive and most difficult to cure cancers, so studies on its pathogenesis and new therapeutic strategies are justified. Using an animal model, it was shown that autophagy is required for GBM development. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the key drug in GBM chemotherapy and it was reported to induce senescence, autophagy and apoptosis in GBM. In some GBM cells, TMZ induces small toxicity despite its significant concentration and GBM cells can be intrinsically resistant to apoptosis. Resveratrol, a natural compound, was shown to potentiate anticancer effect of TMZ in GBM cells through the abrogation G2-arrest and mitotic catastrophe resulting in senescence of GBM cells. Autophagy is the key player in TMZ resistance in GBM. TMZ can induce apoptosis due to selective inhibition of autophagy, in which autophagic vehicles accumulate as their fusion with lysosomes is blocked. Modulation of autophagic action of TMZ with autophagy inhibitors can result in opposite outcomes, depending on the step targeted in autophagic flux. Studies on relationships between senescence, autophagy and apoptosis can open new therapeutic perspectives in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szatkowska
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fulda S. Targeting autophagy for the treatment of cancer. Biol Chem 2018; 399:673-677. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Macroautophagy (herein termed autophagy) is evolutionarily highly conserved across eukaryotic cells and represents an intracellular catabolic process that targets damaged macromolecules and organelles for degradation. Autophagy is dysregulated in various human diseases including cancer. In addition, many drugs currently used for the treatment of cancer can engage autophagy, which typically promotes cancer cell survival by mitigating cellular stress. However, under certain circumstances activation of autophagy upon anticancer drug treatment can also trigger a lethal type of autophagy termed autophagic cell death (ACD). This may pave new avenues for exploiting the autophagic circuitry in oncology. This review presents the concept and some examples of anticancer drug-induced ACD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Komturstr. 3a , D-60528 Frankfurt , Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , Partner Site Frankfurt , 60590 Frankfurt , Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Paquette M, El-Houjeiri L, Pause A. mTOR Pathways in Cancer and Autophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10010018. [PMID: 29329237 PMCID: PMC5789368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TOR (target of rapamycin), an evolutionarily-conserved serine/threonine kinase, acts as a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation and survival in response to nutritional status, growth factor, and stress signals. It plays a crucial role in coordinating the balance between cell growth and cell death, depending on cellular conditions and needs. As such, TOR has been identified as a key modulator of autophagy for more than a decade, and several deregulations of this pathway have been implicated in a variety of pathological disorders, including cancer. At the molecular level, autophagy regulates several survival or death signaling pathways that may decide the fate of cancer cells; however, the relationship between autophagy pathways and cancer are still nascent. In this review, we discuss the recent cellular signaling pathways regulated by TOR, their interconnections to autophagy, and the clinical implications of TOR inhibitors in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Paquette
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Leeanna El-Houjeiri
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sukumaran P, Sun Y, Antonson N, Singh BB. Dopaminergic neurotoxins induce cell death by attenuating NF-κB-mediated regulation of TRPC1 expression and autophagy. FASEB J 2018; 32:1640-1652. [PMID: 29150520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700662rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis affect neuronal survival. However, the identity of Ca2+ channels and the mechanisms underlying neurotoxin-induced neuronal degeneration are not well understood. In this study, the dopaminergic neurotoxins 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium ions (MPP+)/1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which mimic Parkinson's disease (PD), induced neuronal degeneration by decreasing store-mediated Ca2+ entry. The function of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)-1 channel was decreased upon exposure to the neurotoxins, followed by a decrease in TRPC1 expression. Similar to neurotoxins, samples from patients with PD exhibited attenuated TRPC1 expression, which was accompanied by a decrease in autophagic markers and a subsequent increase in apoptosis markers. Furthermore, exposure to neurotoxins attenuated PKC phosphorylation, decreased expression of autophagic markers, and increased apoptosis in SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells, which was again dependent on TRPC1. Prolonged neurotoxin treatment attenuated the binding of NF-κB to the TRPC1 promoter, which resulted in a decrease in TRPC1 expression, thereby attenuating autophagy and activating cell death. Restoration of TRPC1 expression rescued the effects of the dopaminergic neurotoxins in neuroblastoma cells by increasing Ca2+ entry, restoring NF-κB activity, and promoting autophagy. Overall, these results suggest that dopaminergic neurotoxins initially decreased Ca2+ entry, which inhibited the binding of NF-κB to the TRPC1 promoter, thereby inhibiting TRPC1 expression and resulting in cell death by preventing autophagy.-Sukumaran, P., Sun, Y., Antonson, N., Singh, B. B. Dopaminergic neurotoxins induce cell death by attenuating NF-κB-mediated regulation of TRPC1 expression and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Neil Antonson
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Carmona-Gutierrez D, Bauer MA, Zimmermann A, Aguilera A, Austriaco N, Ayscough K, Balzan R, Bar-Nun S, Barrientos A, Belenky P, Blondel M, Braun RJ, Breitenbach M, Burhans WC, Büttner S, Cavalieri D, Chang M, Cooper KF, Côrte-Real M, Costa V, Cullin C, Dawes I, Dengjel J, Dickman MB, Eisenberg T, Fahrenkrog B, Fasel N, Fröhlich KU, Gargouri A, Giannattasio S, Goffrini P, Gourlay CW, Grant CM, Greenwood MT, Guaragnella N, Heger T, Heinisch J, Herker E, Herrmann JM, Hofer S, Jiménez-Ruiz A, Jungwirth H, Kainz K, Kontoyiannis DP, Ludovico P, Manon S, Martegani E, Mazzoni C, Megeney LA, Meisinger C, Nielsen J, Nyström T, Osiewacz HD, Outeiro TF, Park HO, Pendl T, Petranovic D, Picot S, Polčic P, Powers T, Ramsdale M, Rinnerthaler M, Rockenfeller P, Ruckenstuhl C, Schaffrath R, Segovia M, Severin FF, Sharon A, Sigrist SJ, Sommer-Ruck C, Sousa MJ, Thevelein JM, Thevissen K, Titorenko V, Toledano MB, Tuite M, Vögtle FN, Westermann B, Winderickx J, Wissing S, Wölfl S, Zhang ZJ, Zhao RY, Zhou B, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G, Madeo F. Guidelines and recommendations on yeast cell death nomenclature. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2018; 5:4-31. [PMID: 29354647 PMCID: PMC5772036 DOI: 10.15698/mic2018.01.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the biology of yeast in its full complexity has major implications for science, medicine and industry. One of the most critical processes determining yeast life and physiology is cel-lular demise. However, the investigation of yeast cell death is a relatively young field, and a widely accepted set of concepts and terms is still missing. Here, we propose unified criteria for the defi-nition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria. Specifically, we provide consensus guidelines on the differ-ential definition of terms including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and autophagic cell death, as we refer to additional cell death rou-tines that are relevant for the biology of (at least some species of) yeast. As this area of investigation advances rapidly, changes and extensions to this set of recommendations will be implemented in the years to come. Nonetheless, we strongly encourage the au-thors, reviewers and editors of scientific articles to adopt these collective standards in order to establish an accurate framework for yeast cell death research and, ultimately, to accelerate the pro-gress of this vibrant field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Anna Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología, Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Kathryn Ayscough
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rena Balzan
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Shoshana Bar-Nun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Antonio Barrientos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medi-cine, Miami, USA
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Marc Blondel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Ralf J. Braun
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - William C. Burhans
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Chang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrina F. Cooper
- Dept. Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, USA
| | - Manuela Côrte-Real
- Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ian Dawes
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin B. Dickman
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Birthe Fahrenkrog
- Laboratory Biology of the Nucleus, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Fasel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kai-Uwe Fröhlich
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, Center de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sergio Giannattasio
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Campbell W. Gourlay
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Chris M. Grant
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T. Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Guaragnella
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Jürgen Heinisch
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eva Herker
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Helmut Jungwirth
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Kainz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Enzo Martegani
- Department of Biotechnolgy and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzoni
- Instituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti - Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lynn A. Megeney
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heinz D. Osiewacz
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tiago F. Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hay-Oak Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tobias Pendl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephane Picot
- Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Polčic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ted Powers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mark Ramsdale
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrick Rockenfeller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Institute of Biology, Division of Microbiology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Maria Segovia
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Fedor F. Severin
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of physico-chemical biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir Sharon
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stephan J. Sigrist
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Sommer-Ruck
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Johan M. Thevelein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Michel B. Toledano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), SBIGEM, CEA-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mick Tuite
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - F.-Nora Vögtle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecu-lar Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhaojie J. Zhang
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA
| | - Richard Y. Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bing Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Institute, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Loureiro R, Mesquita KA, Magalhães-Novais S, Oliveira PJ, Vega-Naredo I. Mitochondrial biology in cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
43
|
Indira D, Varadarajan SN, Subhasingh Lupitha S, Lekshmi A, Mathew KA, Chandrasekharan A, Rajappan Pillai P, Pulikkal Kadamberi I, Ramachandran I, Sekar H, Kochucherukkan Gopalakrishnan A, Tr S. Strategies for imaging mitophagy in high-resolution and high-throughput. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 97:1-14. [PMID: 29092745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective autophagic removal of mitochondria called mitophagy is an essential physiological signaling for clearing damaged mitochondria and thus maintains the functional integrity of mitochondria and cells. Defective mitophagy is implicated in several diseases, placing mitophagy as a target for drug development. The identification of key regulators of mitophagy as well as chemical modulators of mitophagy requires sensitive and reliable quantitative approaches. Since mitophagy is a rapidly progressing event and sub-microscopic in nature, live cell image-based detection tools with high spatial and temporal resolution is preferred over end-stage assays. We describe two approaches for measuring mitophagy in mammalian cells using stable cells expressing EGFP-LC3 - Mito-DsRed to mark early phase of mitophagy and Mitochondria-EGFP - LAMP1-RFP stable cells for late events of mitophagy. Both the assays showed good spatial and temporal resolution in wide-field, confocal and super-resolution microscopy with high-throughput adaptable capability. A limited compound screening allowed us to identify a few new mitophagy inducers. Compared to the current mitophagy tools, mito-Keima or mito-QC, the assay described here determines the direct delivery of mitochondrial components to the lysosome in real time mode with accurate quantification if monoclonal cells expressing a homogenous level of both probes are established. Since the assay described here employs real-time imaging approach in a high-throughput mode, the platform can be used both for siRNA screening or compound screening to identify key regulators of mitophagy at decisive stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Indira
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | | | | | - Asha Lekshmi
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Krupa Ann Mathew
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Prakash Rajappan Pillai
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | | | - Indu Ramachandran
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Hari Sekar
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | | | - Santhoshkumar Tr
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
A novel acridine derivative, LS-1-10 inhibits autophagic degradation and triggers apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3086. [PMID: 28981103 PMCID: PMC5682664 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy promotes cancer cell survival and drug resistance by degrading harmful cellular components and maintaining cellular energy levels. Disruption of autophagy may be a promising approach to sensitize cancer cells to anticancer drugs. The combination of autophagic inhibitors, such as chloroquine (CQ) and lucanthone with conventional cancer therapeutics has been investigated in clinical trials, but adverse drug-drug interactions are a high possibility. Here we designed and synthesized a novel, small-molecule library based on an acridine skeleton and the CQ structure with various modifications and substitutions and screened the compounds for effective autophagy inhibition. We found that 9-chloro-2-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)pyrrolo[2,3,4-kl]acridin-1(2H)-one (LS-1-10) was the most effective from our library at inhibiting autophagic-mediated degradation and could decrease the viability of multiple colon cancer cells. In addition, LS-1-10 induced DNA damage and caspase 8-mediated apoptosis. Overall, this small molecule was more efficient at reducing the viability of cancer cells than other conventional chemotherapeutic agents, such as CQ and amsacrine. The anticancer and autophagy-inhibiting activities of LS-1-10 were confirmed in vivo in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, this study has identified a new and efficient single compound with both autophagy-inhibiting and anticancer activity, which may provide a novel approach for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
45
|
Small-molecule RL71-triggered excessive autophagic cell death as a potential therapeutic strategy in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3049. [PMID: 28906486 PMCID: PMC5636988 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has an aggressive phenotype and a poor prognosis owing to the high propensity for metastatic progression and the absence of specific targeted treatment. Here, we revealed that small-molecule RL71 targeting sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) exhibited potent anti-cancer activity on all TNBC cells tested. Apart from apoptosis induction, RL71 triggered excessive autophagic cell death, the main contributor to RL71-induced TNBC cell death. RL71 augmented the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into the cytosol by inhibiting SERCA2 activity. The disruption of calcium homeostasis induced ER stress, leading to apoptosis. More importantly, the elevated intracellular calcium signals induced autophagy through the activation of the CaMKK-AMPK-mTOR pathway and mitochondrial damage. In two TNBC xenograft mouse models, RL71 also displayed strong efficacy including the inhibition of tumor growth, the reduction of metastasis, as well as the prolongation of survival time. These findings suggest SERCA2 as a previous unknown target candidate for TNBC treatment and support the idea that autophagy inducers could be useful as new therapeutics in TNBC treatment.
Collapse
|
46
|
Pereira LC, Duarte FV, Varela ATIF, Rolo AP, Palmeira CMM, Dorta DJ. Exposure to BDE-153 induces autophagy in HepG2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:61-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
47
|
Bortnik S, Gorski SM. Clinical Applications of Autophagy Proteins in Cancer: From Potential Targets to Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071496. [PMID: 28696368 PMCID: PMC5535986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosome-mediated intracellular degradation and recycling pathway, plays multiple context-dependent roles in tumorigenesis and treatment resistance. Encouraging results from various preclinical studies have led to the initiation of numerous clinical trials with the intention of targeting autophagy in various cancers. Accumulating knowledge of the particular mechanisms and players involved in different steps of autophagy regulation led to the ongoing discovery of small molecule inhibitors designed to disrupt this highly orchestrated process. However, the development of validated autophagy-related biomarkers, essential for rational selection of patients entering clinical trials involving autophagy inhibitors, is lagging behind. One possible source of biomarkers for this purpose is the autophagy machinery itself. In this review, we address the recent trends, challenges and advances in the assessment of the biomarker potential of clinically relevant autophagy proteins in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Bortnik
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Sharon M Gorski
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ojha CR, Lapierre J, Rodriguez M, Dever SM, Zadeh MA, DeMarino C, Pleet ML, Kashanchi F, El-Hage N. Interplay between Autophagy, Exosomes and HIV-1 Associated Neurological Disorders: New Insights for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Applications. Viruses 2017; 9:v9070176. [PMID: 28684681 PMCID: PMC5537668 DOI: 10.3390/v9070176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy–lysosomal pathway mediates a degradative process critical in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis as well as the preservation of proper organelle function by selective removal of damaged proteins and organelles. In some situations, cells remove unwanted or damaged proteins and RNAs through the release to the extracellular environment of exosomes. Since exosomes can be transferred from one cell to another, secretion of unwanted material to the extracellular environment in exosomes may have an impact, which can be beneficial or detrimental, in neighboring cells. Exosome secretion is under the influence of the autophagic system, and stimulation of autophagy can inhibit exosomal release and vice versa. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to degeneration, especially as the brain ages, and studies indicate that imbalances in genes regulating autophagy are a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Cognitive and motor disease associated with severe dementia and neuronal damage is well-documented in the brains of HIV-infected individuals. Neurodegeneration seen in the brain in HIV-1 infection is associated with dysregulation of neuronal autophagy. In this paradigm, we herein provide an overview on the role of autophagy in HIV-associated neurodegenerative disease, focusing particularly on the effect of autophagy modulation on exosomal release of HIV particles and how this interplay impacts HIV infection in the brain. Specific autophagy–regulating agents are being considered for therapeutic treatment and prevention of a broad range of human diseases. Various therapeutic strategies for modulating specific stages of autophagy and the current state of drug development for this purpose are also evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chet Raj Ojha
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Jessica Lapierre
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Seth M Dever
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Mohammad Asad Zadeh
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Michelle L Pleet
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Autophagy represents a catabolic program involved in the degradation of cellular components via lysosomes. It serves to mitigate cellular stress and to provide metabolic precursors especially upon starvation. Thereby, autophagy can support the survival of cancer cells. In addition, there is now convincing evidence showing that under certain conditions autophagy can also foster cell death. This dual function of autophagy is also relevant upon anticancer treatment, as many chemotherapeutic agents engage autophagy. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are critical for mediating autophagic cell death in cancer cells will be instrumental to selectively interfere with this cellular program in order to increase the cancer cell’s response to cytotoxic drugs. This review illustrates how anticancer drug-induced autophagy is involved in mediating cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pereira LC, Duarte FV, Varela ATIF, Rolo AP, Palmeira CMM, Dorta DJ. An autophagic process is activated in HepG2 cells to mediate BDE-100-induced toxicity. Toxicology 2017; 376:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|