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Ancona P, Trentini A, Terrazzan A, Grassilli S, Navals P, Gates EWJ, Rosta V, Cervellati C, Bergamini CM, Pignatelli A, Keillor JW, Taccioli C, Bianchi N. Transcriptomics Studies Reveal Functions of Transglutaminase 2 in Breast Cancer Cells Using Membrane Permeable and Impermeable Inhibitors. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168569. [PMID: 38604527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) performs many functions both under physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer, its expression is associated with aggressiveness, propensity to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Since TG2 performs key functions both outside and inside the cell, using inhibitors with different membrane permeability we analyzed the changes in the transcriptome induced in two triple-negative cell lines (MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-231) with aggressive features. By characterizing pathways and gene networks, we were able to define the effects of TG2 inhibitors (AA9, membrane-permeable, and NCEG2, impermeable) in relation to the roles of the enzyme in the intra- and extracellular space within the context of breast cancer. The deregulated genes revealed p53 and integrin signaling to be the common pathways with some genes showing opposite changes in expression. In MDA-MB-436, AA9 induced apoptosis, modulated cadherin, Wnt, gastrin and cholecystokinin receptors (CCKR) mediated signaling, with RHOB and GNG2 playing significant roles, and affected the Warburg effect by decreasing glycolytic enzymes. In MDA-MB-231 cells, AA9 strongly impacted HIF-mediated hypoxia, including AKT and mTOR pathway. These effects suggest an anti-tumor activity by blocking intracellular TG2 functions. Conversely, the use of NCEG2 stimulated the expression of ATP synthase and proteins involved in DNA replication, indicating a potential promotion of cell proliferation through inhibition of extracellular TG2. To effectively utilize these molecules as an anti-tumor strategy, an appropriate delivery system should be evaluated to target specific functions and avoid adverse effects. Additionally, considering combinations with other pathway modulators is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ancona
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Silvia Grassilli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Pauline Navals
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Eric W J Gates
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Valentina Rosta
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Carlo M Bergamini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Angela Pignatelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Cristian Taccioli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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2
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Zhu C, Chen Z, Wang S, Cao J, Cheng Y, Zheng M. Single-cell analyzing of tumor microenvironment and cell adhesion between early and late-stage lung cancer. Mol Immunol 2024; 171:1-11. [PMID: 38696904 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly heterogeneous disease that threaten human life with serious incidence and high mortality. High heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment (TME) was reported in multiple studies. However, the factor of controlling the tumor migration progression between eary and late-stage LUAD is still not fully understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of LUAD obtained from the GEO database. The identification of cell clusters revealed significant expansion of epithelial cells in late-stage patients. Interpretation of the cell-cell communication results between early-stage and late-stage patient samples indicated that early tumor cells may interact with epithelial cells through the TGF-β pathway to promote tumor progression. The cell cycle analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of cells in the G2 and M phases in late-stage lung cancer. Further analysis using Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) revealed early-stage cell-specific gene features involved in cell adhesion-related biological processes. Among these, the Tensin (TNS) gene family, particularly TNS1, showed high expression in epithelial cells and fibroblasts of early-stage samples, specifically associated with cell adhesion. Survival analysis using TCGA database for LUAD demonstrated that patients with high expression of TNS1 exhibited significantly higher overall survival rates compared to those with low expression. Immunofluorescence experiments have demonstrated co-expression of TNS1 with fibroblast and tumor cell markers (α-SMA and EPCAM). Immunohistochemistry experiments further validated the significantly higher expression levels of TNS1 in early-stage LUAD tissues compared to late-stage lung cancer tissues (P<0.05). Pathway experiments have shown that early-stage tumor patients with high expression of TNS1 exhibit stronger phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR, indicating a more potent activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that TNS1 is an adhesive molecule in the immune microenvironment of early-stage tumor cells, and it may serve as a novel prognostic marker for lug cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Junmei Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Maogen Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
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3
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Guerrero-Barberà G, Burday N, Costell M. Shaping Oncogenic Microenvironments: Contribution of Fibronectin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1363004. [PMID: 38660622 PMCID: PMC11039881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1363004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins and glycans, dynamically remodeled and specifically tailored to the structure/function of each organ. The malignant transformation of cancer cells is determined by both cell intrinsic properties, such as mutations, and extrinsic variables, such as the mixture of surrounding cells in the tumor microenvironment and the biophysics of the ECM. During cancer progression, the ECM undergoes extensive remodeling, characterized by disruption of the basal lamina, vascular endothelial cell invasion, and development of fibrosis in and around the tumor cells resulting in increased tissue stiffness. This enhanced rigidity leads to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation potentiating the de-differentiation, proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. Interestingly, this fibrotic microenvironment is primarily secreted and assembled by non-cancerous cells. Among them, the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a central role. CAFs massively produce fibronectin together with type I collagen. This review delves into the primary interactions and signaling pathways through which fibronectin can support tumorigenesis and metastasis, aiming to provide critical molecular insights for better therapy response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mercedes Costell
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Libring S, Berestesky ED, Reinhart-King CA. The movement of mitochondria in breast cancer: internal motility and intercellular transfer of mitochondria. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10269-3. [PMID: 38489056 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
As a major energy source for cells, mitochondria are involved in cell growth and proliferation, as well as migration, cell fate decisions, and many other aspects of cellular function. Once thought to be irreparably defective, mitochondrial function in cancer cells has found renewed interest, from suggested potential clinical biomarkers to mitochondria-targeting therapies. Here, we will focus on the effect of mitochondria movement on breast cancer progression. Mitochondria move both within the cell, such as to localize to areas of high energetic need, and between cells, where cells within the stroma have been shown to donate their mitochondria to breast cancer cells via multiple methods including tunneling nanotubes. The donation of mitochondria has been seen to increase the aggressiveness and chemoresistance of breast cancer cells, which has increased recent efforts to uncover the mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer. As metabolism and energetics are gaining attention as clinical targets, a better understanding of mitochondrial function and implications in cancer are required for developing effective, targeted therapeutics for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Libring
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 440 Engineering and Science Building, 1212 25thAvenue South, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Emily D Berestesky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 440 Engineering and Science Building, 1212 25thAvenue South, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 440 Engineering and Science Building, 1212 25thAvenue South, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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5
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Kayalar Ö, Rajabi H, Konyalilar N, Mortazavi D, Aksoy GT, Wang J, Bayram H. Impact of particulate air pollution on airway injury and epithelial plasticity; underlying mechanisms. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324552. [PMID: 38524119 PMCID: PMC10957538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Air pollution plays an important role in the mortality and morbidity of chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Particulate matter (PM) is a significant fraction of air pollutants, and studies have demonstrated that it can cause airway inflammation and injury. The airway epithelium forms the first barrier of defense against inhaled toxicants, such as PM. Airway epithelial cells clear airways from inhaled irritants and orchestrate the inflammatory response of airways to these irritants by secreting various lipid mediators, growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. Studies suggest that PM plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic airway diseases by impairing mucociliary function, deteriorating epithelial barrier integrity, and inducing the production of inflammatory mediators while modulating the proliferation and death of airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, PM can modulate epithelial plasticity and airway remodeling, which play central roles in asthma and COPD. This review focuses on the effects of PM on airway injury and epithelial plasticity, and the underlying mechanisms involving mucociliary activity, epithelial barrier function, airway inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, mesenchymal-epithelial transition, and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgecan Kayalar
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hadi Rajabi
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nur Konyalilar
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Mortazavi
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Tuşe Aksoy
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Koç University, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Türkiye
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6
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Zaltron E, Vianello F, Ruzza A, Palazzo A, Brillo V, Celotti I, Scavezzon M, Rossin F, Leanza L, Severin F. The Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Cancer: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2797. [PMID: 38474044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed and well characterized member of the transglutaminase family. It is a ubiquitous multifunctional enzyme implicated in the regulation of several cellular pathways that support the survival, death, and general homeostasis of eukaryotic cells. Due to its multiple localizations both inside and outside the cell, TG2 participates in the regulation of many crucial intracellular signaling cascades in a tissue- and cell-specific manner, making this enzyme an important player in disease development and progression. Moreover, TG2 is capable of modulating the tumor microenvironment, a process of dynamic tissue remodeling and biomechanical events, resulting in changes which influence tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. Even if generally related to the Ca2+-dependent post-translational modification of proteins, a number of different biological functions have been ascribed to TG2, like those of a peptide isomerase, protein kinase, guanine nucleotide binder, and cytosolic-nuclear translocator. With respect to cancer, TG2's role is controversial and highly debated; it has been described both as an anti- and pro-apoptotic factor and is linked to all the processes of tumorigenesis. However, numerous pieces of evidence support a tissue-specific role of TG2 so that it can assume both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessia Ruzza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alberta Palazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Celotti
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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7
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Just U, Burtscher H, Jeratsch S, Fischer M, Stocking C, Preussner J, Looso M, Schwanbeck R, Günther S, Huss R, Mullen L, Braun T. Proteomic and transcriptomic characterisation of FIA10, a novel murine leukemic cell line that metastasizes into the brain. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295641. [PMID: 38215076 PMCID: PMC10786371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis leads to increased mortality and is a major site of relapse for several cancers, yet the molecular mechanisms of brain metastasis are not well understood. In this study, we established and characterized a new leukemic cell line, FIA10, that metastasizes into the central nervous system (CNS) following injection into the tail vein of syngeneic mice. Mice injected with FIA10 cells developed neurological symptoms such as loss of balance, tremor, ataxic gait and seizures, leading to death within 3 months. Histopathology coupled with PCR analysis clearly showed infiltration of leukemic FIA10 cells into the brain parenchyma of diseased mice, with little involvement of bone marrow, peripheral blood and other organs. To define pathways that contribute to CNS metastasis, global transcriptome and proteome analysis was performed on FIA10 cells and compared with that of the parental stem cell line FDCP-Mix and the related FIA18 cells, which give rise to myeloid leukemia without CNS involvement. 188 expressed genes (RNA level) and 189 proteins were upregulated (log2 ratio FIA10/FIA18 ≥ 1) and 120 mRNAs and 177 proteins were downregulated (log2 ratio FIA10/FIA18 ≤ 1) in FIA10 cells compared with FIA18 cells. Major upregulated pathways in FIA10 cells revealed by biofunctional analyses involved immune response components, adhesion molecules and enzymes implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling, opening and crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), molecules supporting migration within the brain parenchyma, alterations in metabolism necessary for growth within the brain microenvironment, and regulators for these functions. Downregulated RNA and protein included several tumor suppressors and DNA repair enzymes. In line with the function of FIA10 cells to specifically infiltrate the brain, FIA10 cells have acquired a phenotype that permits crossing the BBB and adapting to the brain microenvironment thereby escaping immune surveillance. These data and our model system FIA10 will be valuable resources to study the occurrence of brain metastases and may help in the development of potential therapies against brain invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Just
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Burtscher
- Pharma Research Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Jeratsch
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens Preussner
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Schwanbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Huss
- Pharma Research Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Lynne Mullen
- QIAGEN, Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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8
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Selcuk K, Leitner A, Braun L, Le Blanc F, Pacak P, Pot S, Vogel V. Transglutaminase 2 has higher affinity for relaxed than for stretched fibronectin fibers. Matrix Biol 2024; 125:113-132. [PMID: 38135164 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) plays a vital role in stabilizing extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through enzymatic crosslinking during tissue growth, repair, and inflammation. TG2 also binds non-covalently to fibronectin (FN), an essential component of the ECM, facilitating cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. However, the interaction between TG2 and fibrillar FN remains poorly understood, as most studies have focused on soluble or surface-adsorbed FN or FN fragments, which differ in their conformations from insoluble FN fibers. Using a well-established in vitro FN fiber stretch assay, we discovered that the binding of a crosslinking enzyme to ECM fibers is mechano-regulated. TG2 binding to FN is tuned by the mechanical tension of FN fibers, whereby TG2 predominantly co-localizes to low-tension FN fibers, while fiber stretching reduces their affinity for TG2. This mechano-regulated binding relies on the proximity between the N-terminal β-sandwich and C-terminal β-barrels of TG2. Crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) revealed a novel TG2-FN synergy site within TG2's C-terminal β-barrels that interacts with FN regions located outside of the canonical gelatin binding domain, specifically FNI2 and FNIII14-15. Combining XL-MS distance restraints with molecular docking revealed the mechano-regulated binding mechanism between TG2 and modules FNI7-9 by which mechanical forces regulate TG2-FN interactions. This highlights a previously unrecognized role of TG2 as a tension sensor for FN fibers. This novel interaction mechanism has significant implications in physiology and mechanobiology, including how forces regulate cell adhesion, spreading, migration, phenotype modulation, depending on the tensional state of ECM fibers. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD043976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Selcuk
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37-39 GLC G11, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Braun
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37-39 GLC G11, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Le Blanc
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Pacak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37-39 GLC G11, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Pot
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37-39 GLC G11, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37-39 GLC G11, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Gallo M, Ferrari E, Terrazzan A, Brugnoli F, Spisni A, Taccioli C, Aguiari G, Trentini A, Volinia S, Keillor JW, Bergamini CM, Bianchi N, Pertinhez TA. Metabolic characterisation of transglutaminase 2 inhibitor effects in breast cancer cell lines. FEBS J 2023; 290:5411-5433. [PMID: 37597264 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), which mediates post-translational modifications of multiple intracellular enzymes, is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. We used 1 H-NMR metabolomics to study the effects of AA9, a novel TG2 inhibitor, on two breast cancer cell lines with distinct phenotypes, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. AA9 can promote apoptosis in both cell lines, but it is particularly effective in MD-MB-231, inhibiting transamidation reactions and decreasing cell migration and invasiveness. This metabolomics study provides evidence of a major effect of AA9 on MDA-MB-231 cells, impacting glutamate and aspartate metabolism, rather than on MCF-7 cells, characterised by choline and O-phosphocholine decrease. Interestingly, AA9 treatment induces myo-inositol alteration in both cell lines, indicating action on phosphatidylinositol metabolism, likely modulated by the G protein activity of TG2 on phospholipase C. Considering the metabolic deregulations that characterise various breast cancer subtypes, the existence of a metabolic pathway affected by AA9 further points to TG2 as a promising hot spot. The metabolomics approach provides a powerful tool to monitor the effectiveness of inhibitors and better understand the role of TG2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gallo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Spisni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Cristian Taccioli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Carlo M Bergamini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Italy
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10
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Wahab R, Hasan MM, Azam Z, Grippo PJ, Al-Hilal TA. The role of coagulome in the tumor immune microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115027. [PMID: 37517779 PMCID: PMC11099942 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The rising incidence and persistent thrombosis in multiple cancers including those that are immunosuppressive highlight the need for understanding the tumor coagulome system and its role beyond hemostatic complications. Immunotherapy has shown significant benefits in solid organ tumors but has been disappointing in the treatment of hypercoagulable cancers, such as glioblastoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Thus, targeting thrombosis to prevent immunosuppression seems a clinically viable approach in cancer treatment. Hypercoagulable tumors often develop fibrin clots within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that dictates the biophysical characteristics of the tumor tissue. The application of systems biology and single-cell approaches highlight the potential role of coagulome or thrombocytosis in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In-depth knowledge of the tumor coagulome would provide unprecedented opportunities to better predict the hemostatic complications, explore how thrombotic stroma modulates tumor immunity, reexamine the significance of clinical biomarkers, and enable steering the stromal versus systemic immune response for boosting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment. We focus on the role of coagulation factors in priming a suppressive TIME and the huge potential of existing anticoagulant drugs in the clinical settings of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riajul Wahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Md Mahedi Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Zulfikar Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taslim A Al-Hilal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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11
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Hu M, Kenific CM, Boudreau N, Lyden D. Tumor-derived nanoseeds condition the soil for metastatic organotropism. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:70-82. [PMID: 37178822 PMCID: PMC10362948 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumors secrete a variety of factors to turn distant microenvironments into favorable and fertile 'soil' for subsequent metastases. Among these 'seeding' factors that initiate pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of particular interest as tumor EVs can direct organotropism depending on their surface integrin profiles. In addition, EVs also contain versatile, bioactive cargo, which include proteins, metabolites, lipids, RNA, and DNA fragments. The cargo incorporated into EVs is collectively shed from cancer cells and cancer-associated stromal cells. Increased understanding of how tumor EVs promote PMN establishment and detection of EVs in bodily fluids highlight how tumor EVs could serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as provide a therapeutic target for metastasis prevention. This review focuses on tumor-derived EVs and how they direct organotropism and subsequently modulate stromal and immune microenvironments at distal sites to facilitate PMN formation. We also outline the progress made thus far towards clinical applications of tumor EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Hu
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Candia M Kenific
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Boudreau
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Mainsiouw L, Ryan ME, Hafizi S, Fleming JC. The molecular and clinical role of Tensin 1/2/3 in cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2023. [PMID: 37296531 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tensin 1 was originally described as a focal adhesion adaptor protein, playing a role in extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal interactions. Three other Tensin proteins were subsequently discovered, and the family was grouped as Tensin. It is now recognized that these proteins interact with multiple cell signalling cascades that are implicated in tumorigenesis. To understand the role of Tensin 1-3 in neoplasia, current molecular evidence is categorized by the hallmarks of cancer model. Additionally, clinical data involving Tensin 1-3 are reviewed to investigate the correlation between cellular effects and clinical phenotype. Tensin proteins commonly interact with the tumour suppressor, DLC1. The ability of Tensin to promote tumour progression is directly correlated with DLC1 expression. Members of the Tensin family appear to have tumour subtype-dependent effects on oncogenesis; despite numerous data evidencing a tumour suppressor role for Tensin 2, association of Tensins 1-3 with an oncogenic role notably in colorectal carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is of potential clinical relevance. The complex interplay between these focal adhesion adaptor proteins and signalling pathways are discussed to provide an up to date review of their role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Edward Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sassan Hafizi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Jason C Fleming
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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13
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Hoch CC, Stögbauer F, Wollenberg B. Unraveling the Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112886. [PMID: 37296849 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is considered a challenging malignancy; it is characterized by a slow-growing nature, yet a high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis, presenting significant hurdles in its treatment and management. At present, there are no approved targeted agents available for the management of SACC and systemic chemotherapy protocols that have demonstrated efficacy remain to be elucidated. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process that is closely associated with tumor progression and metastasis, enabling epithelial cells to acquire mesenchymal properties, including increased mobility and invasiveness. Several molecular signaling pathways have been implicated in the regulation of EMT in SACC, and understanding these mechanisms is crucial to identifying new therapeutic targets and developing more effective treatment approaches. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of EMT in SACC, including the molecular pathways and biomarkers involved in EMT regulation. By highlighting the most recent findings, this review offers insights into potential new therapeutic strategies that could improve the management of SACC patients, especially those with recurrent or metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima C Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Stögbauer
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
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14
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Atobatele AG, Tonoli E, Vadakekolathu J, Savoca MP, Barr M, Kataria Y, Rossanese M, Burhan I, McArdle S, Caccamo D, Verderio EAM. Canonical and truncated transglutaminase-2 regulate mucin-1 expression and androgen independency in prostate cancer cell lines. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:317. [PMID: 37160910 PMCID: PMC10170068 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Androgen independency is associated with poor prostate cancer (PCa) survival. Here we report that silencing of transglutaminase-2 (TG2) expression by CRISPR-Cas9 is associated with upregulation of androgen receptor (AR) transcription in PCa cell lines. Knockout of TG2 reversed the migratory potential and anchorage independency of PC3 and DU145 cells and revealed a reduced level of mucin-1 (MUC1) RNA transcript through unbiased multi-omics profiling, which was restored by selective add-back of the truncated TG2 isoform (TGM2_v2). Silencing of AR resulted into increased MUC1 in TG2KO PC3 cells showing that TG2 affects transcriptional regulation of MUC1 via repressing AR expression. Treatment of PC3 WT cell line with TG2 inhibitor ZDON led to a significant increase in AR expression and decrease in MUC1. ZDON also blocked the formation of MUC1-multimers labelled with TG amine-donor substrates in reducing conditions, revealing for the first time a role for TG2, which we show to be externalised via extracellular vesicles, in MUC1 stabilisation via calcium-dependent transamidation. A specific antibody towards TGM2_v2 revealed its restricted nuclear location compared to the canonical long form of TG2 (TGM2_v1), which is predominantly cytosolic, suggesting that this form contributes to the previously suggested TG2-mediated NF-κB activation and AR transcriptional repression. As TGM2_v2 transcription was increased in biopsies of early-stage prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) patients compared to subjects presenting inflammatory prostatitis, and total TG2 protein expression significantly increased in PRAD versus normal tissue, the role of TG2 and its truncated form as a prostate malignancy marker is suggested. In conclusion, this investigation has provided the first unbiased discovery of a novel pathway mediated by TG2 via MUC1, which is shown to contribute to androgen insensitivity and malignancy of PCa cells and be upregulated in PCa biopsies, with potential relevance to cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Grace Atobatele
- School of Science and Technology, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding of Disease, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Science Centre, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Elisa Tonoli
- School of Science and Technology, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding of Disease, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Jayakumar Vadakekolathu
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Maria Pia Savoca
- School of Science and Technology, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding of Disease, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Melissa Barr
- School of Science and Technology, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding of Disease, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Yukti Kataria
- School of Science and Technology, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding of Disease, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Marta Rossanese
- Department of Human and Paediatric Pathology, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Izhar Burhan
- School of Science and Technology, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding of Disease, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Stephanie McArdle
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences & Morpho-Functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta A M Verderio
- School of Science and Technology, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding of Disease, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
- Biological Sciences Department (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
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15
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Jun BH, Ahmadzadegan A, Ardekani AM, Solorio L, Vlachos PP. Multi-feature-Based Robust Cell Tracking. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:604-617. [PMID: 36103061 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell tracking algorithms have been used to extract cell counts and motility information from time-lapse images of migrating cells. However, these algorithms often fail when the collected images have cells with spatially and temporally varying features, such as morphology, position, and signal-to-noise ratio. Consequently, state-of-the-art algorithms are not robust or reliable because they require manual inputs to overcome the cell feature changes. To address these issues, we present a fully automated, adaptive, and robust feature-based cell tracking algorithm for the accurate detection and tracking of cells in time-lapse images. Our algorithm tackles measurement limitations twofold. First, we use Hessian filtering and adaptive thresholding to detect the cells in images, overcoming spatial feature variations among the existing cells without manually changing the input thresholds. Second, cell feature parameters are measured, including position, diameter, mean intensity, area, and orientation, and these parameters are simultaneously used to accurately track the cells between subsequent frames, even under poor temporal resolution. Our technique achieved a minimum of 92% detection and tracking accuracy, compared to 16% from Mosaic and Trackmate. Our improved method allows for extended tracking and characterization of heterogeneous cell behavior that are of particular interest for intravital imaging users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Jun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Adib Ahmadzadegan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Pavlos P Vlachos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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16
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Xu D, Xu N, Sun L, Yang Z, He M, Li Y. TG2 as a novel breast cancer prognostic marker promotes cell proliferation and glycolysis by activating the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1267. [PMID: 36471278 PMCID: PMC9724448 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. Tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been reported as a major player across several types of cancer. However, the effects of TG2 in breast cancer are less known. METHODS The expression of TG2 in patients with BC was detected by immunochemistry staining and RT-qPCR. The correlation of TG2 expression and clinicopathological factors or overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox-regression analysis. The effects of TG2 on cell proliferation and glycolysis were investigated in vivo and in vitro by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. RESULT Both mRNA and protein levels of TG2 were overexpressed in BC tissues and cultured cells. Clinical stage (p = 0.011), molecular subtype (p<0.001) and survival status (p<0.001) were significantly correlated with TG2 expression. Specifically, TG2 expression was positively associated with the clinical stage (r = 0.193, p = 0.005) and OS (r = 0.230, p = 0.001), while negatively associated with molecular subtype (r = - 0.161, p = 0.020). Overexpressed TG2 was a prognostic factor of poor OS by Cox-regression analysis. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that cell proliferation and glycolysis were regulated by TG2 via the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway. TG2-induced activation of the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway and glycolysis were attenuated by MEK inhibitor U0126. CONCLUSION TG2 is overexpressed in BC, which can serve as an independent prognostic factor for OS. TG2 promotes tumor cell proliferation and increases glycolysis associated with the activation of the MEK/ERK/LHD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Xu
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021 P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021 P. R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Zhaoying Yang
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Miao He
- grid.452829.00000000417660726Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youjun Li
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021 P. R. China
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17
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TNS1: Emerging Insights into Its Domain Function, Biological Roles, and Tumors. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111571. [PMID: 36358270 PMCID: PMC9687257 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tensins are a family of cellular-adhesion constituents that have been extensively studied. They have instrumental roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. The mammalian tensin family comprises four members: tensin1 (TNS1), tensin2, tensin3, and tensin4. Among them, TNS1 has recently received attention from researchers because of its structural properties. TNS1 engages in various biological processes, such as cell adhesion, polarization, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, and mechano-transduction, by interacting with various partner proteins. Moreover, the abnormal expression of TNS1 in vivo is associated with the development of various diseases, especially tumors. Interestingly, the role of TNS1 in different tumors is still controversial. Here, we systematically summarize three aspects of TNS1: the gene structure, the biological processes underlying its action, and the dual regulatory role of TNS1 in different tumors through different mechanisms, of which we provide the first overview.
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18
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. Extracellular vesicle-based checkpoint regulation and immune state in cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:225. [PMID: 36175741 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells exploit several mechanisms for hijacking an immunosuppressive tumor ecosystem in order to evade immune surveillance and to progress toward metastasis. Equipment of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with checkpoints is an example of cancer control over anti-tumor responses from immune system. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a checkpoint highly expressed in a tumor at progressive stage. Interactions between PD-L1 with its receptor programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) expressed on T cells will block the effector function of CD8+ T cells, known as one of the most important defensive cells against cancer. Evaluation of circulatory exosomal PD-L1 can be a prognostic biomarker in tumor diagnosis and responses to the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, and can be considered as a tool in clinical practice for exploiting personalized therapy. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is also a checkpoint that its engagement with CD80/CD86 expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs) hamper the priming phase of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Harvesting EVs from tumor and their modification with desired anti-checkpoint antibodies can be a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. The aim of this review is to discuss about EV roles in checkpoint regulation, cancer diagnosis and ICI responses, and to survey possible application of such vesicles in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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19
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Zhang DX, Dang XTT, Vu LT, Lim CMH, Yeo EYM, Lam BWS, Leong SM, Omar N, Putti TC, Yeh YC, Ma V, Luo JY, Cho WC, Chen G, Lee VKM, Grimson A, Le MTN. αvβ1 integrin is enriched in extracellular vesicles of metastatic breast cancer cells: A mechanism mediated by galectin-3. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12234. [PMID: 35923105 PMCID: PMC9451529 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells release a large quantity of biocargo-bearing extracellular vesicles (EVs), which mediate intercellular communication within the tumour microenvironment and promote metastasis. To identify EV-bound proteins related to metastasis, we used mass spectrometry to profile EVs from highly and poorly metastatic breast cancer lines of human and mouse origins. Comparative mass spectrometry indicated that integrins, including αv and β1 subunits, are preferentially enriched in EVs of highly metastatic origin over those of poorly metastatic origin. These results are consistent with our histopathological findings, which show that integrin αv is associated with disease progression in breast cancer patients. Integrin αv colocalizes with the multivesicular-body marker CD63 at a higher frequency in the tumour and is enriched in circulating EVs of breast cancer patients at late stages when compared with circulating EVs from early-stage patients. With a magnetic bead-based flow cytometry assay, we confirmed that integrins αv and β1 are enriched in the CD63+ subsets of EVs from both human and mouse highly metastatic cells. By analysing the level of integrin αv on circulating EVs, this assay could predict the metastatic potential of a xenografted mouse model. To explore the export mechanism of integrins into EVs, we performed immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry and identified members of the galectin family as potential shuttlers of integrin αvβ1 into EVs. In particular, knockdown of galectin-3, but not galectin-1, causes a reduction in the levels of cell surface integrins β1 and αv, and decreases the colocalization of these integrins with CD63. Importantly, knockdown of galectin-3 leads to a decrease of integrin αvβ1 export into the EVs concomitant with a decrease in the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Moreover, inhibition of the integrin αvβ1 complex leads to a reduction in the binding of EVs to fibronectin, suggesting that integrin αvβ1 is important for EV retention in the extracellular matrix. EVs retained in the extracellular matrix are taken up by fibroblasts, which differentiate into cancer associated fibroblasts. In summary, our data indicate an important link between EV-bound integrin αvβ1 with breast cancer metastasis and provide additional insights into the export of integrin αvβ1 into EVs in the context of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Cancer Program, Immunology Program, and Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jocky Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Xuan T T Dang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Cancer Program, Immunology Program, and Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Luyen Tien Vu
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Cancer Program, Immunology Program, and Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Claudine Ming Hui Lim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Cancer Program, Immunology Program, and Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Eric Yew Meng Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Cancer Program, Immunology Program, and Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Cancer Program, Immunology Program, and Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Sai Mun Leong
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Noorjehan Omar
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Thomas Choudary Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Yu Chen Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jocky Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Victor Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jia-Yuan Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Victor Kwan Min Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Cancer Program, Immunology Program, and Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
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20
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Shinde A, Kulkoyluoglu Cotul E, Chen H, Smith A, Libring S, Solorio L, Wendt MK. Transglutaminase-2 mediates acquisition of neratinib resistance in metastatic breast cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:19. [PMID: 35729402 PMCID: PMC9213622 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of resistance to targeted therapies remains a major clinical obstacle for the HER2+ subtype of breast cancer. Using an isogeneic progression series of HER2+ breast cancer metastasis we demonstrate that metastatic cells have an increased capacity to acquire resistance to the covalent, pan-ErbB inhibitor, neratinib. RNA sequencing analyses comparing parental and metastatic cells identified upregulation of transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Genetic depletion and overexpression approaches established that TG2 is both necessary and sufficient for acquisition of neratinib resistance. Mechanistically, we describe a pathway in which TG2-mediates activation of NF-κB signaling leading to upregulation of IL-6 in metastatic cells. This autocrine expression of IL-6 functions to maintain enhanced levels of TG2 via JAK:STAT3 signaling. This drug persistence feedback loop can be interrupted through the use of the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. In vivo application of ruxolitinib had no effect on tumor growth under non-treated conditions, but effectively prevented acquisition of resistance, leading to tumor regression upon coadministration with neratinib. Overall, our studies reveal a mechanism in metastatic breast cancer cells that predisposes them to acquisition of resistance to ErbB-targeted therapeutics. Clinically, immediate application of ruxolitinib could prevent acquisition of resistance and improve patient responses to HER2-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Eylem Kulkoyluoglu Cotul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Libring
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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21
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Giusti I, Di Francesco M, Poppa G, Esposito L, D'Ascenzo S, Dolo V. Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Normal Human Fibroblasts to a Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Like Phenotype, Sustaining a Pro-Tumorigenic Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:839880. [PMID: 35280782 PMCID: PMC8905682 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.839880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment have been proven to actively participate in tumor progression; they can be “educated” by cancer cells acquiring an activated state and, as such, are identified as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs); CAFs, in turn, remodel tumor stroma to be more advantageous for cancer progression by modulating several processes, including angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and drug access, presumably driving the chemoresistance. That is why they are believed to hamper the response to clinical therapeutic options. The communication between cancer cells and fibroblasts can be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs), composed of both exosomes (EXOs) and microvesicles (MVs). To verify the role of different subpopulations of EVs in this cross-talk, a nearly pure subpopulation of EXO-like EVs and the second one of mixed EXO- and MV-like EVs were isolated from ovarian cancer cells and administered to fibroblasts. It turned out that EVs can activate fibroblasts to a CAF-like state, supporting their proliferation, motility, invasiveness, and enzyme expression; EXO-like EV subpopulation seems to be more efficient in some of those processes, suggesting different roles for different EV subpopulations. Moreover, the secretome of these “activated” fibroblasts, composed of both soluble and EV-associated molecules, was, in turn, able to modulate the response of bystander cells (fibroblasts, tumor, and endothelial cells), supporting the idea that EVs sustain the mutual cross-talk between tumor cells and CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marianna Di Francesco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Poppa
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Letizia Esposito
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Ascenzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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22
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Vini R, Azeez JM, Remadevi V, Susmi TR, Ayswarya RS, Sujatha AS, Muraleedharan P, Lathika LM, Sreeharshan S. Urolithins: The Colon Microbiota Metabolites as Endocrine Modulators: Prospects and Perspectives. Front Nutr 2022; 8:800990. [PMID: 35187021 PMCID: PMC8849129 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.800990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been used in hormone related disorders, and their role in clinical medicine is evolving. Tamoxifen and raloxifen are the most commonly used synthetic SERMs, and their long-term use are known to create side effects. Hence, efforts have been directed to identify molecules which could retain the beneficial effects of estrogen, at the same time produce minimal side effects. Urolithins, the products of colon microbiota from ellagitannin rich foodstuff, have immense health benefits and have been demonstrated to bind to estrogen receptors. This class of compounds holds promise as therapeutic and nutritional supplement in cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, muscle health, neurological disorders, and cancers of breast, endometrium, and prostate, or, in essence, most of the hormone/endocrine-dependent diseases. One of our findings from the past decade of research on SERMs and estrogen modulators, showed that pomegranate, one of the indirect but major sources of urolithins, can act as SERM. The prospect of urolithins to act as agonist, antagonist, or SERM will depend on its structure; the estrogen receptor conformational change, availability and abundance of co-activators/co-repressors in the target tissues, and also the presence of other estrogen receptor ligands. Given that, urolithins need to be carefully studied for its SERM activity considering the pleotropic action of estrogen receptors and its numerous roles in physiological systems. In this review, we unveil the possibility of urolithins as a potent SERM, which we are currently investigating, in the hormone dependent tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindran Vini
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Juberiya M. Azeez
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Viji Remadevi
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - T. R. Susmi
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - R. S. Ayswarya
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | | | - Lakshmi Mohan Lathika
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sreeja Sreeharshan
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: Sreeja Sreeharshan
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23
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Structure-activity relationships of N-terminal variants of peptidomimetic tissue transglutaminase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. (Im)maturity in Tumor Ecosystem. Front Oncol 2022; 11:813897. [PMID: 35145911 PMCID: PMC8821092 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.813897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors have special features that make them distinct from their normal counterparts. Immature cells in a tumor mass and their critical contributions to the tumorigenesis will open new windows toward cancer therapy. Incomplete cellular development brings versatile and unique functionality in the cellular tumor ecosystem, such as what is seen for highly potential embryonic cells. There is evidence that maturation of certain types of cells in this ecosystem can recover the sensitivity of the tumor. Therefore, understanding more about the mechanisms that contributed to this immaturity will render new therapeutic approaches in cancer therapy. Targeting such mechanisms can be exploited as a supplementary to the current immunotherapeutic treatment schedules, such as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The key focus of this review is to discuss the impact of (im)maturity in cellular tumor ecosystems on cancer progression, focusing mainly on immaturity in the immune cell compartment of the tumor, as well as on the stemness of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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25
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Schwager SC, Young KM, Hapach LA, Carlson CM, Mosier JA, McArdle TJ, Wang W, Schunk C, Jayathilake AL, Bates ME, Bordeleau F, Antonyak MA, Cerione RA, Reinhart-King CA. Weakly migratory metastatic breast cancer cells activate fibroblasts via microvesicle-Tg2 to facilitate dissemination and metastasis. eLife 2022; 11:74433. [PMID: 36475545 PMCID: PMC9767463 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration is highly heterogeneous, and the migratory capability of cancer cells is thought to be an indicator of metastatic potential. It is becoming clear that a cancer cell does not have to be inherently migratory to metastasize, with weakly migratory cancer cells often found to be highly metastatic. However, the mechanism through which weakly migratory cells escape from the primary tumor remains unclear. Here, utilizing phenotypically sorted highly and weakly migratory human breast cancer cells, we demonstrate that weakly migratory metastatic cells disseminate from the primary tumor via communication with stromal cells. While highly migratory cells are capable of single cell migration, weakly migratory cells rely on cell-cell signaling with fibroblasts to escape the primary tumor. Weakly migratory cells release microvesicles rich in tissue transglutaminase 2 (Tg2) which activate murine fibroblasts and lead weakly migratory cancer cell migration in vitro. These microvesicles also induce tumor stiffening and fibroblast activation in vivo and enhance the metastasis of weakly migratory cells. Our results identify microvesicles and Tg2 as potential therapeutic targets for metastasis and reveal a novel aspect of the metastatic cascade in which weakly migratory cells release microvesicles which activate fibroblasts to enhance cancer cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Katherine M Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Lauren A Hapach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Caroline M Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Jenna A Mosier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | | | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Curtis Schunk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | | | - Madison E Bates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Francois Bordeleau
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division), UniversitéLaval Cancer Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Université LavalQuébeccCanada
| | - Marc A Antonyak
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
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26
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Aguiari G, Crudele F, Taccioli C, Minotti L, Corrà F, Keillor JW, Grassilli S, Cervellati C, Volinia S, Bergamini CM, Bianchi N. Dysregulation of Transglutaminase type 2 through GATA3 defines aggressiveness and Doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:1-14. [PMID: 34975314 PMCID: PMC8692156 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of transglutaminase type 2 in cell physiology is related to protein transamidation and signal transduction (affecting extracellular, intracellular and nuclear processes) aided by the expression of truncated isoforms and of two lncRNAs with regulatory functions. In breast cancer TG2 is associated with disease progression supporting motility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and drug resistance. The aim of his work is to clarify these issues by emphasizing the interconnections among TGM2 variants and transcription factors associated with an aggressive phenotype, in which the truncated TGH isoform correlates with malignancy. TGM2 transcripts are upregulated by several drugs in MCF-7, but only Doxorubicin is effective in MDA-MB-231 cells. These differences reflect the expression of GATA3, as demonstrated by silencing, suggesting a link between this transcription factor and gene dysregulation. Of note, NC9, an irreversible inhibitor of enzymatic TG2 activities, emerges to control NF-ĸB and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines, showing potential for combination therapies with Doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Crudele
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristian Taccioli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Linda Minotti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Corrà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W. Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Silvia Grassilli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Advanced Therapy Technologies (LTTA), Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44124 Ferrara FE, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Advanced Therapy Technologies (LTTA), Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44124 Ferrara FE, Italy
| | - Carlo M. Bergamini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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27
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Boodaghi M, Libring S, Solorio L, Ardekani AM. A Bayesian approach to estimate the diffusion coefficient of Rhodamine 6G in breast cancer spheroids. J Control Release 2021; 340:60-71. [PMID: 34634388 PMCID: PMC8671317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids have emerged as a robust platform to model tumor growth and are widely used for studying drug sensitivity. Diffusion is the main mechanism for transporting nutrients and chemotherapeutic drugs into spheroids, since they are typically avascular. In this study, the Bayesian inference was used to solve the inverse problem of determining the light attenuation coefficient and diffusion coefficient of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) in breast cancer spheroids, as a mock drug for the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Neratinib. Four types of breast cancer spheroids were formed and the diffusion coefficient was estimated assuming a linear relationship between the intensity and concentration. The mathematical model used for prediction is the solution to the diffusion problem in spherical coordinates, accounting for the light attenuation. The Gaussian likelihood was used to account for the error between the measurements and model predictions. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm (MCMC) was used to sample from the posterior. The posterior predictions for the diffusion and light attenuation coefficients were provided. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficient values do not significantly vary across a HER2+ breast cancer cell line as a function of transglutaminase 2 levels, even in the presence of fibroblast cells. However, we demonstrate that different diffusion coefficient values can be ascertained from tumorigenic compared to nontumorigenic spheroids and from nonmetastatic compared to post-metastatic breast cancer cells using this approach. We also report agreement between spheroid radius, attenuation coefficient, and subsequent diffusion coefficient to give evidence of cell packing in self-assembled spheroids. The methodology presented here will allow researchers to determine diffusion in spheroids to decouple transport and drug penetration changes from biological resistivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miad Boodaghi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Libring
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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28
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Forder A, Hsing CY, Trejo Vazquez J, Garnis C. Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Cellular Communication in Metastasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123429. [PMID: 34943937 PMCID: PMC8700460 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in promoting metastasis, which is the major cause of cancer death. Small membrane-bound particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from both cancer and stromal cells and have a key role in mediating this communication through transport of cargo such as various RNA species (mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA), proteins, and lipids. Tumor-secreted EVs have been observed to induce a pro-tumorigenic phenotype in non-malignant cells of the stroma, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and local immune cells. These cancer-associated cells then drive metastasis by mechanisms such as increasing the invasiveness of cancer cells, facilitating angiogenesis, and promoting the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. This review will cover the role of EV-mediated signaling in the TME during metastasis and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways to develop biomarkers and novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Forder
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (A.F.); (C.-Y.H.); (J.T.V.)
| | - Chi-Yun Hsing
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (A.F.); (C.-Y.H.); (J.T.V.)
| | - Jessica Trejo Vazquez
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (A.F.); (C.-Y.H.); (J.T.V.)
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (A.F.); (C.-Y.H.); (J.T.V.)
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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29
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Cui J, Yuan Y, Shanmugam MK, Anbalagan D, Tan TZ, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Lim LHK. MicroRNA-196a promotes renal cancer cell migration and invasion by targeting BRAM1 to regulate SMAD and MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4254-4270. [PMID: 34803496 PMCID: PMC8579441 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous ~22nt RNAs that play critical regulatory roles in various biological and pathological processes, including various cancers. Their function in renal cancer has not been fully elucidated. It has been reported that miR-196a can act as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors depending on their target genes. However, the molecular target for miR-196a and the underlying mechanism in miR-196a promoted cell migration and invasion in renal cancer is still not clear. Methods: The expression, survival and correlation between miR-196a and BRAM1 were investigated using TCGA analysis and validated by RT-PCR and western blot. To visualize the effect of Bram1 on tumor metastasis in vivo, NOD-SCID gamma (NSG) mice were intravenously injected with RCC4 cells (106 cells/mouse) or RCC4 overexpressing Bram1. In addition, cell proliferation assays, migration and invasion assays were performed to examine the role of miR-196a in renal cells in vitro. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation was done to explore the binding targets of Bram1. Results: TCGA gene expression data from renal clear cell carcinoma patients showed a lower level of Bram1 expression in patients' specimens compared to adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, Kaplan‑Meier survival data clearly show that high expression of Bram1correlates to poor prognosis in renal carcinoma patients. Our mouse metastasis model confirmed that Bram1 overexpression resulted in an inhibition in tumor metastasis. Target-prediction analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that Bram1 is a direct target of miR-196a in renal cells. Further, our in vitro functional assays revealed that miR-196a promotes renal cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Rescue of Bram1 expression reversed miR-196a-induced cell migration. MiR-196a promotes renal cancer cell migration by directly targeting Bram1 and inhibits Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and MAPK pathways through BMPR1A and EGFR. Conclusions: Our findings thus provide a new mechanism on the oncogenic role of miR-196a and the tumor-suppressive role of Bram1 in renal cancer cells. Dysregulated miR-196a and Bram1 represent potential prognostic biomarkers and may have therapeutic applications in renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Cui
- Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,NUS Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,NUS Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Durkeshwari Anbalagan
- Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,NUS Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Lina H K Lim
- Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,NUS Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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30
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He W, Evans AC, Hynes WF, Coleman MA, Robertson C. Nanolipoprotein-Mediated Her2 Protein Transfection Induces Malignant Transformation in Human Breast Acinar Cultures. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29416-29423. [PMID: 34778614 PMCID: PMC8581977 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Her2 overexpression is associated with an aggressive form of breast cancer and malignant transformation. We demonstrate in this work that nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) synthesized in a cell-free manner can be used to transfer Her2 protein into the membrane of nonmalignant cells in 3D culture in a nontoxic and facile manner. With NLP-mediated Her2 protein delivery, we observed an increased probability of nonmalignant cells forming apolar nongrowth-arrested tumor-like structures. The NLP delivery system alone or Her2-NLPs plus the Her2 inhibitor trastuzumab showed no effect on the acinar organization rate, indicating that Her2 signaling is key to this process. Transcriptomics revealed essentially no effect of empty NLPs compared to untreated cells, whereas Her2-NLPs versus either untreated or empty-NLP-treated cells revealed upregulation of several factors associated with breast cancer. Pathway analysis also suggested that known nodes downstream of Her2 were activated in response to Her2-NLP treatment. This demonstrates that Her2 protein delivery with NLPs is sufficient for the malignant transformation of nonmalignant cells. Thus, this system offers a new model for studying cell surface receptor signaling without genomic modification or transformation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Physical
and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Angela C. Evans
- Radiation
Oncology, University of California Davis
School of Medicine, 4501
X Street, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - William F. Hynes
- Materials
Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Physical
and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Radiation
Oncology, University of California Davis
School of Medicine, 4501
X Street, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Claire Robertson
- Materials
Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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31
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The Motility and Mesenchymal Features of Breast Cancer Cells Correlate with the Levels and Intracellular Localization of Transglutaminase Type 2. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113059. [PMID: 34831282 PMCID: PMC8616519 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated motility in breast cancer cell lines in association with the expression of Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) as well as upon the administration of Doxorubicin (Dox), an active cytotoxic agent that is employed in chemotherapy. The exposure of MCF-7 cells to the drug increased TG2 levels, triggering epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby supporting cell motility. The effects of Dox on the movement of MCF-7 cells were counteracted by treatment with NC9, a TG2 inhibitor, which induced morphological changes and also reduced the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells exhibiting high levels of TG2. The physical association of TG2 with the cytoskeletal component vimentin appeared pivotal both in drug-treated MCF-7 and in MDA-MB-231 cells and seemed to be independent of the catalytic activity of TG2. NC9 altered the subcellular distribution of TG2 and, consequently, the co-localization of TG2 with vimentin. Furthermore, NC9 induced a nuclear accumulation of TG2 as a prelude to TG2-dependent gene expression modifications. Since enzyme activity can affect both motility and nuclear functions, targeting of this protein could represent a method to improve therapeutic interventions in breast tumors, particularly those to control progression and to limit drug resistance.
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32
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Shopit A, Li X, Wang S, Awsh M, Safi M, Chu P, Jia J, Al-Radhi M, Baldi S, Wang F, Fang J, Peng J, Ma X, Tang Z, Shu X. Enhancement of gemcitabine efficacy by K73-03 via epigenetically regulation of miR-421/SPINK1 in gemcitabine resistant pancreatic cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153711. [PMID: 34450377 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gemcitabine (GCB) is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug for pancreatic cancer (PCa). However, the resistance begins developing within weeks of chemotherapy. SPINK1 overexpression enhances resistance to chemotherapy. In a recent study, our laboratory established that the oleanolic acid (OA) derivative, K73-03, had a strong inhibitory effect on a SPINK1 overexpressed PCa cells. PURPOSE In our current study, we studied the enhancement of GCB inhibitory effect by K73-03, a new novel OA derivative, alone or in combination with GCB on the GCB-resistant PCa cells by mitochondrial damage through regulation of the miR-421/SPINK1. METHODS We detected the binding between miR-421 and SPINK1-3'-UTR in GCB-resistant PCa cells using Luciferase reporter assays. Cells viability, apoptosis, migration, and mitochondrial damage were investigated. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the combination of K73-03 and GCB suppressed the growth of AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells synergistically, with or without GCB resistance. Mechanistic findings showed that a combination of K73-03 and GCB silences SPINK1 epigenetically by miR-421 up-regulating, which leads to mitochondrial damage and inducing apoptosis in GCB-resistant PCa cells. CONCLUSION We found an interesting finding that the 73-03 in combination with GCB can improve GCB efficacy and decrease PCa resistance, which induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage through epigenetic inhibition of SPINK1 transcription by miR-421 up-regulation. This was the first study that used OA derivatives on GCB-resistant PCa cells, so this combined strategy warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Shopit
- Academic Integrated Medicine & Collage of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shisheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Mohammed Awsh
- Academic Integrated Medicine & Collage of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mohammed Safi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Chu
- Academic Integrated Medicine & Collage of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianlong Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mohammed Al-Radhi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Salem Baldi
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fuhan Wang
- Academic Integrated Medicine & Collage of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiani Fang
- Academic Integrated Medicine & Collage of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Academic Integrated Medicine & Collage of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Academic Integrated Medicine & Collage of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Academic Integrated Medicine & Collage of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- Academic Integrated Medicine & Collage of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Xu L, Cai Y, Chen X, Zhu Y, Cai J. Circulating MiR-1290 as a potential diagnostic and disease monitoring biomarker of human gastrointestinal tumors. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:989. [PMID: 34479528 PMCID: PMC8417985 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal tumors are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. As shown in our previous study, miR-1290 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and promotes tumor progression. We therefore aimed to explore the potential of circulating miR-1290 as a biomarker for gastrointestinal cancer. Methods A serum miRNA sequencing analysis was performed. Then, circulating miRNA detection technologies were established. The expression of miR-1290 was analyzed in gastrointestinal tumor cell lines and culture supernatants. Expression levels of circulating miR-1290 in clinical samples were examined. Associations between miR-1290 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed. Xenograft models were generated to assess the fluctuation in serum miR-1290 levels during disease progression. Results Through miRNA sequencing, we identified that miR-1290 was overexpressed in serum samples from patients with CRC. We confirmed that human gastrointestinal tumor cells express and secrete miR-1290. The circulating miR-1290 levels was up-regulated in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) (p < 0.01), CRC (p < 0.05), and gastric cancer (GC) (p < 0.01). High miR-1290 expression levels were associated with tumor size, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, distant metastasis, tumor differentiation and AJCC stage in patients with PC and CRC. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.8857 in patients with PC, with 60.9% sensitivity and 90.0% specificity. The AUC was 0.7852 in patients with CRC, with 42.0% sensitivity and 90.0% specificity. In patients with GC, the AUC was 0.6576, with 26.0% sensitivity and 90.0% specificity. The in vivo model verified that the circulating miR-1290 level was significantly increased after tumor formation and decreased after drug treatment. Conclusions Our findings indicate that circulating miR-1290 is a potential biomarker for gastrointestinal cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08729-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, Province, China
| | - Yangke Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, Province, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongliang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, Province, China.
| | - Jianting Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, Province, China.
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Deasy SK, Erez N. A glitch in the matrix: organ-specific matrisomes in metastatic niches. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:110-123. [PMID: 34479765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical aspect of developing a metastasis-supportive organ niche. Recent work investigating ECM changes that facilitate metastasis has revealed ways in which different metastatic organ niches are similar as well as the distinct characteristics that make them unique. In this review, we present recent findings regarding how ECM modifications support metastasis in four frequent metastatic sites: the lung, liver, bone, and brain. We discuss ways in which these modifications are shared between metastatic organs as well as features specific to each location. We also discuss areas of technical innovation that could be advantageous to future research and areas of inquiry that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Deasy
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Samare-Najaf M, Samareh A, Jamali N, Abbasi A, Clark CC, Khorchani MJ, Zal F. Adverse Effects and Safety of Etirinotecan Pegol, a Novel Topoisomerase Inhibitor, in Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394717666210202103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Due to the increasing prevalence of cancer and the inadequacy of current
therapies, the development of novel antitumor pharmaceutics with higher efficacies and lower adverse
effects is considered a fundamental tenet of contemporary cancer management.
Poly-Ethylene-Glycol (PEG) attachment is a novel pharmaceutical technology to improve the efficacy
and safety of chemotherapies. Etirinotecan Pegol (EP), also known as NKTR-102, is the PEGylated
form of Irinotecan (CPT-11), which causes cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the
topoisomerase I enzyme.
Objectives:
The present study reviews and evaluates various reports of the EP’s anti-tumor activity
in various cancers.
Data Sources:
Studies were identified using the Scopus database, with no exclusions. The search
terms included Etirinotecan Pegol and NKTR-102, which yielded 125 articles (66 and 59 articles,
respectively). In addition, the clinicaltrials.gov website was used to find ongoing studies, which resulted
in the addition of two studies.
Study Eligibility Criteria:
Subsequently, we excluded studies that were published in languages
other than English, duplicate articles, and studies with no data.
Results:
This systematic review clarifies that EP possesses numerous advantages over many other
medications, such as safety, efficacy, increased half-life, increased health-related quality of life, increased
overall survival, increased progression-free survival, and decreasing the adverse events in
the treatment of various cancers.
Conclusion:
Therefore, Etirinotecan Pegol may represent a major contribution to the treatment of
various cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samare-Najaf
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Samareh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Navid Jamali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Majid J. Khorchani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Extracellular vesicles and the extracellular matrix: a new paradigm or old news? Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2335-2345. [PMID: 33125481 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are implicated in a variety of functions affecting the extracellular matrix (ECM), including matrix degradation, cross-linking of matrix proteins and matrix calcification. These processes are important in many physiological contexts such as angiogenesis and wound healing, and dysregulation of ECM homeostasis contributes to a wide range of diseases including fibrosis, cancer and arthritis. Most studies of EV have focussed on their roles in cell:cell communication, but EV can exist as integral components of the ECM. By far the most well-characterised ECM-resident EV are matrix vesicles (MV) in bone, but the broader role of EV in the ECM is not well understood. This review will explore what is known of the roles of EV in the ECM and will also highlight the similarities and differences between MV and other EV.
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Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Farahani MV, Hamzehlou S, Far FB, Sharifzadeh SO, Samarghandian S, Khan H, Aref AR, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Sethi G. Caffeic acid and its derivatives as potential modulators of oncogenic molecular pathways: New hope in the fight against cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105759. [PMID: 34245864 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a phenolic acid compound, caffeic acid (CA) can be isolated from different sources such as tea, wine and coffee. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is naturally occurring derivative of CA isolated from propolis. This medicinal plant is well-known due to its significant therapeutic impact including its effectiveness as hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-diabetic agent. Among them, anti-tumor activity of CA has attracted much attention, and this potential has been confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. CA can induce apoptosis in cancer cells via enhancing ROS levels and impairing mitochondrial function. Molecular pathways such as PI3K/Akt and AMPK with role in cancer progression, are affected by CA and its derivatives in cancer therapy. CA is advantageous in reducing aggressive behavior of tumors via suppressing metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition mechanism. Noteworthy, CA and CAPE can promote response of cancer cells to chemotherapy, and sensitize them to chemotherapy-mediated cell death. In order to improve capacity of CA and CAPE in cancer suppression, it has been co-administered with other anti-tumor compounds such as gallic acid and p-coumaric acid. Due to its poor bioavailability, nanocarriers have been developed for enhancing its ability in cancer suppression. These issues have been discussed in the present review with a focus on molecular pathways to pave the way for rapid translation of CA for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Bakhtiari Far
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Omid Sharifzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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miR-934 promotes breast cancer metastasis by regulation of PTEN and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101581. [PMID: 34147851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among females. Over 90 % of the cases of death in BC patients are attributed to tumor cell metastasis. Therefore, it is urgently needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of BC metastasis. The expression of miRNA in BC was evaluated by qRT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis. Clone formation, EdU assays, and subcutaneous xenograft model were used to test the growth of BC cells. Wound healing, transwell assays, and lung-metastasis model were used to explore the effect of miR-934 knockdown on cell metastasis. The miR-934 targets in BC were identified through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays. The expression of protein was tested by western blot. The binding of mRNA and RNA-binding-protein was verified using RIP assays. miR-934 expression was significantly elevated in BC tissues, especially in those with lymph node metastasis and associated with poor patient prognosis. Experiments in vitro and in vivo showed that that upregulated miR-934 was not necessarily required for the growth of BC cells. However, miR-934 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of BC cells. Moreover, PTEN as identified as the direct target of miR-934 in BC, and miR-934 could promote BC cell metastasis by regulation of PTEN and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our results suggested that targeting miR-934 may be a practical treatment for BC cell metastasis.
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Tempest R, Guarnerio S, Maani R, Cooper J, Peake N. The Biological and Biomechanical Role of Transglutaminase-2 in the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112788. [PMID: 34205140 PMCID: PMC8199963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) is the most highly and ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase enzyme family and is primarily involved in protein cross-linking. TG2 has been implicated in the development and progression of numerous cancers, with a direct role in multiple cellular processes and pathways linked to apoptosis, chemoresistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stem cell phenotype. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is critical in the formation, progression, and eventual metastasis of cancer, and increasing evidence points to a role for TG2 in matrix remodelling, modulation of biomechanical properties, cell adhesion, motility, and invasion. There is growing interest in targeting the TME therapeutically in response to advances in the understanding of its critical role in disease progression, and a number of approaches targeting biophysical properties and biomechanical signalling are beginning to show clinical promise. In this review we aim to highlight the wide array of processes in which TG2 influences the TME, focussing on its potential role in the dynamic tissue remodelling and biomechanical events increasingly linked to invasive and aggressive behaviour. Drug development efforts have yielded a range of TG2 inhibitors, and ongoing clinical trials may inform strategies for targeting the biomolecular and biomechanical function of TG2 in the TME.
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Chai ZT, Zhang XP, Ao JY, Zhu XD, Wu MC, Lau WY, Sun HC, Cheng SQ. AXL Overexpression in Tumor-Derived Endothelial Cells Promotes Vessel Metastasis in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:650963. [PMID: 34123800 PMCID: PMC8191462 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.650963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is one of the most serious forms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vessel metastasis and has a poor survival rate. However, the molecular mechanism of PVTT has not yet been elucidated. In this study, the molecular mechanism of AXL expressed in tumor-derived endothelial cells (TECs) in vessel metastasis was investigated. High AXL expression was observed in TECs, but not in the tumor cells of HCC patients with PVTT and this was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). AXL overexpression was positively associated with CD 31 expression both in vitro and in vivo. AXL promoted the cell proliferation, tube formation, and migration of both TECs and normal endothelial cells (NECs). High expression of AXL in TECs promoted the cell migration, but not the proliferation of HCC cells. Further studies demonstrated that AXL promoted cell migration and tube formation through activation of the PI3K/AKT/SOX2/DKK-1 axis. AXL overexpression in HUVECs promoted tumor growth and liver or vessel metastasis of HCC in xenograft nude mice, which could be counteracted by treatment with R428, an AXL inhibitor. R428 reduced tumor growth and CD 31 expression in HCC in PDX xenograft nude mice. Therefore, AXL over-expression in TECs promotes vessel metastasis of HCC, which indicates that AXL in TECs could be a potential therapeutic target in HCC patients with PVTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Tao Chai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yang Ao
- Department of Biliary Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Hui-Chuan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Qun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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What we can learn from embryos to understand the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in tumor progression. Biochem J 2021; 478:1809-1825. [PMID: 33988704 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial plasticity involved the terminal and transitional stages that occur during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), both are essential at different stages of early embryonic development that have been co-opted by cancer cells to undergo tumor metastasis. These processes are regulated at multiple instances, whereas the post-transcriptional regulation of key genes mediated by microRNAs is gaining major attention as a common and conserved pathway. In this review, we focus on discussing the latest findings of the cellular and molecular basis of the less characterized process of MET during embryonic development, with special attention to the role of microRNAs. Although we take in consideration the necessity of being cautious when extrapolating the obtained evidence, we propose some commonalities between early embryonic development and cancer progression that can shed light into our current understanding of this complex event and might aid in the design of specific therapeutic approaches.
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Tummanatsakun D, Proungvitaya T, Roytrakul S, Proungvitaya S. Bioinformatic Prediction of Signaling Pathways for Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APEX1) and Its Role in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092587. [PMID: 33946672 PMCID: PMC8125001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APEX1) is involved in the DNA damage repair pathways and associates with the metastasis of several human cancers. However, the signaling pathway of APEX1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has never been reported. In this study, to predict the signaling pathways of APEX1 and related proteins and their functions, the effects of APEX1 gene silencing on APEX1 and related protein expression in CCA cell lines were investigated using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics tools. Bioinformatic analyses predicted that APEX1 might interact with cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) and son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1), which are involved in tumor metastasis. RNA and protein expression levels of APEX1 and its related proteins, retrieved from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and the Human Protein Atlas databases, revealed that their expressions were higher in CCA than in the normal group. Moreover, higher levels of APEX1 expression and its related proteins were correlated with shorter survival time. In conclusion, the signaling pathway of APEX1 in metastasis might be mediated via CDC42 and SOS1. Furthermore, expression of APEX1 and related proteins is able to predict poor survival of CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doungdean Tummanatsakun
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand; (D.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Tanakorn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand; (D.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Siriporn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand; (D.T.); (T.P.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-4320-2088
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Nizioł M, Zińczuk J, Zaręba K, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Pryczynicz A. Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Expression of Adhesion Proteins: TNS1, TNS2 and TNS3 in Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters in Gastric Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:640. [PMID: 33926026 PMCID: PMC8146480 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensins belong to the group of adhesion proteins that are involved in cell adhesion and migration, actin cytoskeleton maintenance and intercellular communication. TNS1, TNS2 and TNS3 proteins expression was evaluated in 90 patients with gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry method. TNS1 was more frequently present in non-differentiated tumors compared to poorly and moderately differentiated tumors (p = 0.016). TNS1 was also more often observed in metastatic tumors compared to those without distant metastases (p = 0.001). TNS2 was more common in moderately differentiated tumors than in poorly or non-differentiated ones (p = 0.041). TNS2 expression was also more frequently present in tumors with peritumoral inflammation (p = 0.041) and with concomitant H. pylori infection (p = 0.023). In contrast, TNS3 protein was more prevalent in moderately than in poorly and non-differentiated tumors (p = 0.023). No significant relationship was found between tensins' expression and the overall survival rate of patients. TNS1 protein expression is associated with a poor-prognosis type of GC. Higher expression of TNS2 is accompanied by peritumoral inflammation and H. pylori infection, which favor the development of GC of a better prognosis, similarly to higher TNS3 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Nizioł
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.N.); (K.G.-U.)
| | - Justyna Zińczuk
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Konrad Zaręba
- 2nd Clinical Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Guzińska-Ustymowicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.N.); (K.G.-U.)
| | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.N.); (K.G.-U.)
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Urick ME, Yu EJ, Bell DW. High-risk endometrial cancer proteomic profiling reveals that FBXW7 mutation alters L1CAM and TGM2 protein levels. Cancer 2021; 127:2905-2915. [PMID: 33872388 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FBXW7 is frequently somatically mutated in grade 3 endometrioid endometrial cancers (G3EECs) and serous endometrial cancers (SECs), which are high-risk cancers associated with poor outcomes and in need of novel treatment options. The aim of this study was to determine the proteomic effects of 3 FBXW7 mutations in high-risk endometrial cancers (ECs). METHODS Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) editing was used to generate 3 HEC-50B G3EEC derivative cell lines, each of which harbored 1 FBXW7 mutation, and to revert an endogenous FBXW7 mutation in HEC-1-B grade 2 endometrioid endometrial cancer (G2EEC) cells to the wild-type genotype. Proteomic profiling based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine protein differences between the HEC-50B derivative lines and parental cells. Western blot analysis was performed to assess differential protein levels of CRISPR-edited derivative lines originating from HEC-50B, ARK1 (SEC), ARK4 (SEC), HEC-1-B, and JHUEM-1 (G2EEC) cell lines in comparison with parental cells. RESULTS Results of this study demonstrated the effects of FBXW7 mutations on the proteome and phosphoproteome of HEC-50B G3EEC cells and highlighted proteins that also exhibited altered levels in FBXW7-mutated ARK1 and ARK4 SEC cells, including 2 potentially druggable proteins: L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) and transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). Furthermore, they demonstrated that reversion of an endogenous FBXW7 mutation to the wild-type genotype in JHUEM-1 and HEC-1-B G2EEC cells resulted in decreased L1CAM and TGM2 protein levels. CONCLUSIONS L1CAM and TGM2 protein levels are affected by FBXW7 mutations in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Urick
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eun-Jeong Yu
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daphne W Bell
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a fundamental, core component of all tissues and organs, and is essential for the existence of multicellular organisms. From the earliest stages of organism development until death, it regulates and fine-tunes every cellular process in the body. In cancer, the extracellular matrix is altered at the biochemical, biomechanical, architectural and topographical levels, and recent years have seen an exponential increase in the study and recognition of the importance of the matrix in solid tumours. Coupled with the advancement of new technologies to study various elements of the matrix and cell-matrix interactions, we are also beginning to see the deployment of matrix-centric, stromal targeting cancer therapies. This Review touches on many of the facets of matrix biology in solid cancers, including breast, pancreatic and lung cancer, with the aim of highlighting some of the emerging interactions of the matrix and influences that the matrix has on tumour onset, progression and metastatic dissemination, before summarizing the ongoing work in the field aimed at developing therapies to co-target the matrix in cancer and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Cox
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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46
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Zhu X, Long Z, Bao T, Liu L, Yang K. Exploring the mechanism of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome intervention in intracerebral hemorrhage based on systematic pharmacology and proteomics strategy. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:226101. [PMID: 32803256 PMCID: PMC7955106 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome (Dahuang, DH) intervention in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) based on systematic pharmacology and proteomics strategy. METHODS The systematic pharmacological strategies were utilized to find the bioactive compounds of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome, predict its potential targets, and collect ICH's disease genes; then, the Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was applied for network construction and network topology analysis. After that, in-depth analysis of the proteomics data of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome intervention in ICH was performed to complement and validate the results of systematic pharmacological predictions. RESULTS A total of three major networks were constructed in the present study: (1) compound-compound target network of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome, (2) DH-ICH PPI network, (3) proteomics proteins' PPI network. These three major networks have been analyzed by network topology, and several small networks derived (such as signaling pathway networks). The enrichment analysis showed that Radix Rhei Et Rhizome can intervene in several biological process (such as inflammation, smooth muscle proliferation, platelet activation, blood pressure regulation, angiogenesis, hypoxia, and inflammatory response of leukocytes), signaling pathway (such as FoxO signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and Rap1 signaling pathway), and reactome pathway (such as signaling by interleukins, interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling, nuclear receptor transcription pathway, and platelet activation). CONCLUSION Radix Rhei Et Rhizome may intervene in ICH-related biological process, signaling pathway, and reactome pathway found in this research so as to achieve the effect of treating ICH related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhiyong Long
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Guangdong General Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Clinical Medicine (Xiyuan Hospital), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Liu
- People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang 410600, Hunan Province, China
- Correspondence: Liang Liu (, ) or Kailin Yang ()
| | - Kailin Yang
- Graduate College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Liang Liu (, ) or Kailin Yang ()
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47
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Shafiq A, Suwakulsiri W, Rai A, Chen M, Greening DW, Zhu HJ, Xu R, Simpson RJ. Transglutaminase-2, RNA-binding proteins and mitochondrial proteins selectively traffic to MDCK cell-derived microvesicles following H-Ras-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000221. [PMID: 33638284 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) describes an evolutionary conserved morphogenic process defined by loss of epithelial characteristics and acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype, and altered patterns of intercellular communication, leading to functional changes in cell migration and invasion. In this regard, we have previously reported that oncogenic H-Ras induced EMT in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells (21D1 cells) trigger changes in the protein distribution pattern in cells, exosomes, and soluble protein factors (secretome) which modulate the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report that shed microvesicles (also termed microparticles/ectosomes) secreted from MDCK cells following oncogenic H-Ras-induced EMT (21D1-sMVs) are biochemically distinct from exosomes and parental MDCK-sMVs. The protein spectra of RNA-binding proteins and mitochondrial proteins in 21D1-sMVs differ profoundly compared to those of exosomes, likewise proteins associated with suppression of anoikis. We show that 21D1-sMVs promote cell migration, confer anchorage-independent growth, and induce EMT in parental MDCK cells. An unexpected and novel finding was the selective sorting of tissue transglutaminase-2 (TGM2) into 21D1-sMVs; there was no evidence of TGM2 in MDCK-sMVs. Prior treatment of 21D1-sMVs with neutralizing anti-TGM2 or anti-FN1 antibodies attenuates the invasive capability of fibroblasts. These finding suggest that microvesicle-associated TGM2 may play an important contributory role in the EMT process and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Shafiq
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wittaya Suwakulsiri
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NanoBiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Spada S, Tocci A, Di Modugno F, Nisticò P. Fibronectin as a multiregulatory molecule crucial in tumor matrisome: from structural and functional features to clinical practice in oncology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:102. [PMID: 33731188 PMCID: PMC7972229 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and architecture may represent a novel approach to identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. Among the ECM components, fibronectin and its fibrillary assembly represent the scaffold to build up the entire ECM structure, deeply affecting its features. Herein we focus on this extraordinary protein starting from its complex structure and defining its role in cancer as prognostic and theranostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Spada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annalisa Tocci
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Modugno
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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The Clinical Role of Serum Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3 in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients with Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030215. [PMID: 33799723 PMCID: PMC7999043 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is an unmet need. Here we investigate the potential clinical utility of the measurement of serum epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (i.e., ERBB3) in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma. Median values of serum ERBB3 were similar between patients with cirrhosis and those with early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); therefore, the measurement of the biomarker in the setting of HCC surveillance appeared unsuitable. Conversely, in patients with early HCC, serum ERBB3 values were significantly associated with overall survival, suggesting that the biomarker may be useful to tailor appropriate treatment strategies in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma. Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (ERBB3) is a surface tyrosine kinase receptor belonging to the EGFR/ERBB family, involved in tumor development and progression. We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum ERBB3 measurement in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 164 HCV-infected patients (82 with cirrhosis and 82 with early HCC) were included in the study. HCC was classified according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. Among patients with HCC, 23 (28%) had a diagnosis of very early tumor (BCLC = 0), while 59 (62%) had a diagnosis of early HCC (BCLC = A). Median overall survival (OS) in patients with HCC was 79.2 (95% CI 51.6–124.8) months. While ERBB3 serum values were similar between patients with cirrhosis and those with HCC (p = 0.993), in the latter, serum ERBB3 ≥ 2860 RU resulted significantly and independently associated with OS (Hazard Ratio = 2.24, 95% CI 1.16–4.35, p = 0.017). Consistently, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates in patients with serum ERBB3 ≥ 2860 RU were 90% (36/40), 53% (19/36), and 28% (8/29) in comparison to patients with serum ERBB3 < 2860 RU, which were 98% (40/41), 80% (32/40), and 74% (26/35) (Log-rank test; p = 0.014). In conclusion, serum ERBB3 values resulted an independent prognostic factor of patients with early HCC and might be useful to tailor more personalized treatment strategies.
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50
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Zhang N, Sun P, Xu Y, Li H, Liu H, Wang L, Cao Y, Zhou K, TinghuaiWang. The GPER1/SPOP axis mediates ubiquitination-dependent degradation of ERα to inhibit the growth of breast cancer induced by oestrogen. Cancer Lett 2021; 498:54-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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