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Sun F, Peers de Nieuwburgh M, Hubinont C, Debiève F, Colson A. Gene therapy in preeclampsia: the dawn of a new era. Hypertens Pregnancy 2024; 43:2358761. [PMID: 38817101 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2024.2358761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a severe complication of pregnancy, affecting an estimated 4 million women annually. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide, and it has life-long consequences. The maternal multisystemic symptoms are driven by poor placentation, which causes syncytiotrophoblastic stress and the release of factors into the maternal bloodstream. Amongst them, the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) triggers extensive endothelial dysfunction by acting as a decoy receptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the placental growth factor (PGF). Current interventions aim to mitigate hypertension and seizures, but the only definite treatment remains induced delivery. Thus, there is a pressing need for novel therapies to remedy this situation. Notably, CBP-4888, a siRNA drug delivered subcutaneously to knock down sFLT1 expression in the placenta, has recently obtained Fast Track approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is undergoing a phase 1 clinical trial. Such advance highlights a growing interest and significant potential in gene therapy to manage preeclampsia. This review summarizes the advances and prospects of gene therapy in treating placental dysfunction and illustrates crucial challenges and considerations for these emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxuan Sun
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maureen Peers de Nieuwburgh
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neonatology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corinne Hubinont
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Debiève
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arthur Colson
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Saro R, Allegro V, Merlo M, Dore F, Sinagra G, Porcari A. Specific Therapy in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: Future Perspectives Beyond Tafamidis. Heart Fail Clin 2024; 20:343-352. [PMID: 38844305 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a relatively prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality. Over the recent years, development of disease-modifying treatments has enabled stabilization of the circulating transthyretin tetramer and suppression of its hepatic production, resulting in a remarkable improvement in survival of patients with ATTR-CM. Second-generation drugs for silencing are currently under investigation in randomized clinical trials. In vivo gene editing of transthyretin has been achieving unanticipated suppression of hepatic production in ATTR-CM. Trials of antibodies inducing the active removal of transthyretin amyloid deposits in the heart are ongoing, and evidence has gathered for exceptional spontaneous regression of ATTR-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Saro
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via P. Valdoni 7, 34100, Trieste, Italy; European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Via P. Valdoni 7, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Allegro
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via P. Valdoni 7, 34100, Trieste, Italy; European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Via P. Valdoni 7, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Merlo
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via P. Valdoni 7, 34100, Trieste, Italy; European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Via P. Valdoni 7, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Franca Dore
- Head of Nuclear Medicine Division, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via P. Valdoni 7, 34100, Trieste, Italy; European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Via P. Valdoni 7, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aldostefano Porcari
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, Via P. Valdoni 7, 34100, Trieste, Italy; National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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Williams TM, Harvey R, Fischer MA, Neelankavil J. It's Time for Effective and Affordable Therapies for Cardiac Amyloidosis: Lessons From Patisiran. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38:1457-1459. [PMID: 38584048 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Reed Harvey
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matthew A Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jacques Neelankavil
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
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4
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Singh S, Kachhawaha K, Singh SK. Comprehensive approaches to preclinical evaluation of monoclonal antibodies and their next-generation derivatives. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116303. [PMID: 38797272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics hold great promise for the treatment of several diseases and offer innovative possibilities for new treatments that target previously unaddressed medical needs. Despite successful transitions from preclinical to clinical stages and regulatory approval, there are instances where adverse reactions arise, resulting in product withdrawals. As a result, it is essential to conduct thorough evaluations of safety and effectiveness on an individual basis. This article explores current practices, challenges, and future approaches in conducting comprehensive preclinical assessments to ensure the safety and efficacy of biotherapeutics including monoclonal antibodies, toxin-conjugates, bispecific antibodies, single-chain antibodies, Fc-engineered antibodies, antibody mimetics, and siRNA-antibody/peptide conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Singh
- Laboratory of Engineered Therapeutics, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Kajal Kachhawaha
- Laboratory of Engineered Therapeutics, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sumit K Singh
- Laboratory of Engineered Therapeutics, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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Soroudi S, Jaafari MR, Arabi L. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mediated mRNA delivery in cardiovascular diseases: Advances in genome editing and CAR T cell therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:S0168-3659(24)00371-7. [PMID: 38876358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global mortality among non-communicable diseases. Current cardiac regeneration treatments have limitations and may lead to adverse reactions. Hence, innovative technologies are needed to address these shortcomings. Messenger RNA (mRNA) emerges as a promising therapeutic agent due to its versatility in encoding therapeutic proteins and targeting "undruggable" conditions. It offers low toxicity, high transfection efficiency, and controlled protein production without genome insertion or mutagenesis risk. However, mRNA faces challenges such as immunogenicity, instability, and difficulty in cellular entry and endosomal escape, hindering its clinical application. To overcome these hurdles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), notably used in COVID-19 vaccines, have a great potential to deliver mRNA therapeutics for CVDs. This review highlights recent progress in mRNA-LNP therapies for CVDs, including Myocardial Infarction (MI), Heart Failure (HF), and hypercholesterolemia. In addition, LNP-mediated mRNA delivery for CAR T-cell therapy and CRISPR/Cas genome editing in CVDs and the related clinical trials are explored. To enhance the efficiency, safety, and clinical translation of mRNA-LNPs, advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AGILE platform) in RNA structure design, and optimization of LNP formulation could be integrated. We conclude that the strategies to facilitate the extra-hepatic delivery and targeted organ tropism of mRNA-LNPs (SORT, ASSET, SMRT, and barcoded LNPs) hold great prospects to accelerate the development and translation of mRNA-LNPs in CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Soroudi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Li S, Xiong F, Zhang S, Liu J, Gao G, Xie J, Wang Y. Oligonucleotide therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102184. [PMID: 38665220 PMCID: PMC11044058 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a severe disease subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is thought to be highly associated with systemic metabolic abnormalities. It is characterized by a series of substantial liver damage, including hepatocellular steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The end stage of NASH, in some cases, may result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nowadays a large number of investigations are actively under way to test various therapeutic strategies, including emerging oligonucleotide drugs (e.g., antisense oligonucleotide, small interfering RNA, microRNA, mimic/inhibitor RNA, and small activating RNA) that have shown high potential in treating this fatal liver disease. This article systematically reviews the pathogenesis of NASH/NAFLD, the promising druggable targets proven by current studies in chemical compounds or biological drug development, and the feasibility and limitations of oligonucleotide-based therapeutic approaches under clinical or pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Songbo Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical, School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical, School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China
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Yuan W, Shi X, Lee LTO. RNA therapeutics in targeting G protein-coupled receptors: Recent advances and challenges. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102195. [PMID: 38741614 PMCID: PMC11089380 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the major targets of existing drugs for a plethora of human diseases and dominate the pharmaceutical market. However, over 50% of the GPCRs remain undruggable. To pursue a breakthrough and overcome this situation, there is significant clinical research for developing RNA-based drugs specifically targeting GPCRs, but none has been approved so far. RNA therapeutics represent a unique and promising approach to selectively targeting previously undruggable targets, including undruggable GPCRs. However, the development of RNA therapeutics faces significant challenges in areas of RNA stability and efficient in vivo delivery. This review presents an overview of the advances in RNA therapeutics and the diverse types of nanoparticle RNA delivery systems. It also describes the potential applications of GPCR-targeted RNA drugs for various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Yuan
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
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8
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Kersten C, Archambault P, Köhler LP. Assessment of Nucleobase Protomeric and Tautomeric States in Nucleic Acid Structures for Interaction Analysis and Structure-Based Ligand Design. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:4485-4499. [PMID: 38766733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
With increasing interest in RNA as a therapeutic and a potential target, the role of RNA structures has become more important. Even slight changes in nucleobases, such as modifications or protomeric and tautomeric states, can have a large impact on RNA structure and function, while local environments in turn affect protonation and tautomerization. In this work, the application of empirical tools for pKa and tautomer prediction for RNA modifications was elucidated and compared with ab initio quantum mechanics (QM) methods and expanded toward macromolecular RNA structures, where QM is no longer feasible. In this regard, the Protonate3D functionality within the molecular operating environment (MOE) was expanded for nucleobase protomer and tautomer predictions and applied to reported examples of altered protonation states depending on the local environment. Overall, observations of nonstandard protomers and tautomers were well reproduced, including structural C+G:C(A) and A+GG motifs, several mismatches, and protonation of adenosine or cytidine as the general acid in nucleolytic ribozymes. Special cases, such as cobalt hexamine-soaked complexes or the deprotonation of guanosine as the general base in nucleolytic ribozymes, proved to be challenging. The collected set of examples shall serve as a starting point for the development of further RNA protonation prediction tools, while the presented Protonate3D implementation already delivers reasonable protonation predictions for RNA and DNA macromolecules. For cases where higher accuracy is needed, like following catalytic pathways of ribozymes, incorporation of QM-based methods can build upon the Protonate3D-generated starting structures. Likewise, this protonation prediction can be used for structure-based RNA-ligand design approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kersten
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, BioZentrum I, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch.Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Chemical Computing Group, 910-1010 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R7
| | - Luca P Köhler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Jiang X, Zhan L, Tang X. RNA modifications in physiology and pathology: Progressing towards application in clinical settings. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111242. [PMID: 38851412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The potential to modify individual nucleotides through chemical means in order to impact the electrostatic charge, hydrophobic properties, and base pairing of RNA molecules is harnessed in the medical application of stable synthetic RNAs like mRNA vaccines and synthetic small RNA molecules. These modifications are used to either increase or decrease the production of therapeutic proteins. Additionally, naturally occurring biochemical alterations of nucleotides play a role in regulating RNA metabolism and function, thereby modulating essential cellular processes. Research elucidating the mechanisms through which RNA modifications govern fundamental cellular functions in multicellular organisms has enhanced our comprehension of how irregular RNA modification profiles can lead to human diseases. Collectively, these fundamental scientific findings have unveiled the molecular and cellular functions of RNA modifications, offering new opportunities for therapeutic intervention and paving the way for a variety of innovative clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- College of Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu 223005, China
| | - Lijuan Zhan
- College of Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu 223005, China.
| | - Xiaozhu Tang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Chaiyawat P, Sangkhathat S, Chiangjong W, Wongtrakoongate P, Hongeng S, Pruksakorn D, Chutipongtanate S. Targeting pediatric solid tumors in the new era of RNA therapeutics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104406. [PMID: 38834094 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in pediatric cancer treatment, poor prognosis remained for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, given the limitations of approved targeted treatments and immunotherapies. RNA therapeutics offer significant potential for addressing a broad spectrum of diseases, including cancer. Advances in manufacturing and delivery systems are paving the way for the rapid development of therapeutic RNAs for clinical applications. This review summarizes therapeutic RNA classifications and the mechanisms of action, highlighting their potential in manipulating major cancer-related pathways and biological effects. We also focus on the pre-clinical investigation of RNA molecules with efficient delivery systems for their therapeutic potential targeting pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ra-mathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ra-mathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; MILCH and Novel Therapeutics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Fu Z, Yuan Y. TNFAIP2 as an emerging therapeutic target in cancer therapy and its underlying mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107199. [PMID: 38688431 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
TNFα-induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2), upregulated under TNFα stimulation, was initially thought to participate in angiogenesis. Still, more and more studies have found that TNFAIP2 plays multiple roles in various physiological and pathological scenarios. The representative functions of TNFAIP2 include motivating the inflammatory response, promoting angiogenesis, facilitating cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and inducing tunnel nanotube formation. The expression of TNFAIP2 is abnormal in most cancers and can enhance drug resistance in cancer cells. The increasingly recognized significance of TNFAIP2 has been attracting growing attention in recent years. This review focuses on elucidating the relationship between TNFAIP2 and oncogenesis, as well as the latest research advancements in the pharmacological targeting of TNFAIP2, aiming to guide forthcoming endeavors in developing pharmacological agents targeted at modulating TNFAIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Fu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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12
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Choi Y, Seok SH, Yoon HY, Ryu JH, Kwon IC. Advancing cancer immunotherapy through siRNA-based gene silencing for immune checkpoint blockade. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115306. [PMID: 38626859 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents a revolutionary strategy, leveraging the patient's immune system to inhibit tumor growth and alleviate the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The recent emergence of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, particularly following the first approval of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors like ipilimumab, has led to significant growth in cancer immunotherapy. The extensive explorations on diverse immune checkpoint antibodies have broadened the therapeutic scope for various malignancies. However, the clinical response to these antibody-based ICB therapies remains limited, with less than 15% responsiveness and notable adverse effects in some patients. This review introduces the emerging strategies to overcome current limitations of antibody-based ICB therapies, mainly focusing on the development of small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-based ICB therapies and innovative delivery systems. We firstly highlight the diverse target immune checkpoint genes for siRNA-based ICB therapies, incorporating silencing of multiple genes to boost anti-tumor immune responses. Subsequently, we discuss improvements in siRNA delivery systems, enhanced by various nanocarriers, aimed at overcoming siRNA's clinical challenges such as vulnerability to enzymatic degradation, inadequate pharmacokinetics, and possible unintended target interactions. Additionally, the review presents various combination therapies that integrate chemotherapy, phototherapy, stimulatory checkpoints, ICB antibodies, and cancer vaccines. The important point is that when used in combination with siRNA-based ICB therapy, the synergistic effect of traditional therapies is strengthened, improving host immune surveillance and therapeutic outcomes. Conclusively, we discuss the insights into innovative and effective cancer immunotherapeutic strategies based on RNA interference (RNAi) technology utilizing siRNA and nanocarriers as a novel approach in ICB cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Choi
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Seok
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Tolksdorf B, Heinze J, Niemeyer D, Röhrs V, Berg J, Drosten C, Kurreck J. Development of a highly stable, active small interfering RNA with broad activity against SARS-CoV viruses. Antiviral Res 2024; 226:105879. [PMID: 38599550 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Treatment options for COVID-19 remain limited. Here, we report the optimization of an siRNA targeting the highly conserved leader region of SARS-CoV-2. The siRNA was rendered nuclease resistant by the introduction of modified nucleotides without loss of activity. Importantly, the siRNA also retained its inhibitory activity against the emerged omicron sublineage variant BA.2, which occurred after the siRNA was designed and is resistant to other antiviral agents such as antibodies. In addition, we show that a second highly active siRNA designed against the viral 5'-UTR can be applied as a rescue molecule, to minimize the spread of escape mutations. We therefore consider our siRNA-based molecules to be promising broadly active candidates for the treatment of current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Tolksdorf
- Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Julian Heinze
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Viola Röhrs
- Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Johanna Berg
- Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany.
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14
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Ojo TO, Elegbeleye OE, Bolaji OQ, Adelusi TI, Oladipo EK, Olawuyi MO, Afolayan BO, Oyaronbi AO, Ogunjobi TT, Oyewole MP, Folorunso KP, Ogunlana AT. Hitting Epstein Barr virus where it hurts: computational methods exploration for siRNA therapy in alleviating Epstein Barr virus-induced multiple sclerosis. Neurogenetics 2024:10.1007/s10048-024-00764-w. [PMID: 38809364 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-024-00764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), an intricate neurological disorder, continues to challenge our understanding of the pivotal interplay between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). This condition arises from the immune system's misdirected attack on nerve fiber protection, known as myelin sheath, alongside nerve fibers themselves. This enigmatic condition, characterized by demyelination and varied clinical manifestations, prompts exploration into its multifaceted etiology and potential therapeutic avenues. Research has revealed a potential connection between Epstein Barr virus (EBV), specifically Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA-1), and MS. The immune response to EBNA-1 antigen triggers the production of anti-EBNA-1 molecules, including IgG that identify a similar amino acid sequence to EBNA-1 in myelin, inadvertently targeting myelin sheath and contributing to MS progression. Currently, no treatment exists for EBNA-1-induced MS apart from symptom management. Addressing this, a novel potential therapeutic avenue utilizing small interference RNAs (siRNA) has been designed. By targeting the conserved EBNA-1 gene sequences in EBV types 1 and 2, five potential siRNAs were identified in our analysis. Thorough evaluations encompassing off-target binding, thermodynamics and secondary structure elucidation, efficacy prediction, siRNA-mRNA sequence binding affinity exploration, melting temperature, and docking of siRNAs with human argonaute protein 2 (AGO2) were conducted to elucidate the siRNAs efficiency. These designed siRNA molecules harnessed promising silencing activity in the EBNA-1 gene encoding the EBNA-1 antigen protein and thus have the potential to mitigate the severity of this dangerous virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Ooreoluwa Ojo
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Division of Vaccine Design and Development, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, 210214, Nigeria
| | - Oluwabamise Emmanuel Elegbeleye
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olawale Quadri Bolaji
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Isaac Adelusi
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington Ave, Connecticut, 06030, United States of America
| | - Elijah Kolawole Oladipo
- Division of Vaccine Design and Development, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, 210214, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Bioinformatics, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, 232104, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Oluwaseun Olawuyi
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Bukola Oluwafunmilayo Afolayan
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Taiwo Temitope Ogunjobi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Kolade Pelumi Folorunso
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Abdeen Tunde Ogunlana
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, 200005, Nigeria.
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15
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Ballantyne CM, Vasas S, Azizad M, Clifton P, Rosenson RS, Chang T, Melquist S, Zhou R, Mushin M, Leeper NJ, Hellawell J, Gaudet D. Plozasiran, an RNA Interference Agent Targeting APOC3, for Mixed Hyperlipidemia. N Engl J Med 2024. [PMID: 38804517 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2404143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with mixed hyperlipidemia are at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease due to an elevated non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, which is driven by remnant cholesterol in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The metabolism and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are down-regulated through apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3)-mediated inhibition of lipoprotein lipase. METHODS We carried out a 48-week, phase 2b, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of plozasiran, a hepatocyte-targeted APOC3 small interfering RNA, in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia (i.e., a triglyceride level of 150 to 499 mg per deciliter and either a low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol level of ≥70 mg per deciliter or a non-HDL cholesterol level of ≥100 mg per deciliter). The participants were assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive plozasiran or placebo within each of four cohorts. In the first three cohorts, the participants received a subcutaneous injection of plozasiran (10 mg, 25 mg, or 50 mg) or placebo on day 1 and at week 12 (quarterly doses). In the fourth cohort, participants received 50 mg of plozasiran or placebo on day 1 and at week 24 (half-yearly dose). The data from the participants who received placebo were pooled. The primary end point was the percent change in fasting triglyceride level at week 24. RESULTS A total of 353 participants underwent randomization. At week 24, significant reductions in the fasting triglyceride level were observed with plozasiran, with differences, as compared with placebo, in the least-squares mean percent change from baseline of -49.8 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], -59.0 to -40.6) with the 10-mg-quarterly dose, -56.0 percentage points (95% CI, -65.1 to -46.8) with the 25-mg-quarterly dose, -62.4 percentage points (95% CI, -71.5 to -53.2) with the 50-mg-quarterly dose, and -44.2 percentage points (95% CI, -53.4 to -35.0) with the 50-mg-half-yearly dose (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Worsening glycemic control was observed in 10% of the participants receiving placebo, 12% of those receiving the 10-mg-quarterly dose, 7% of those receiving the 25-mg-quarterly dose, 20% of those receiving the 50-mg-quarterly dose, and 21% of those receiving the 50-mg-half-yearly dose. CONCLUSIONS In this randomized, controlled trial involving participants with mixed hyperlipidemia, plozasiran, as compared with placebo, significantly reduced triglyceride levels at 24 weeks. A clinical outcomes trial is warranted. (Funded by Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals; MUIR ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT04998201.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie M Ballantyne
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
| | - Szilard Vasas
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
| | - Masoud Azizad
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
| | - Peter Clifton
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
| | - Robert S Rosenson
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
| | - Ting Chang
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
| | - Stacey Melquist
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
| | - Rong Zhou
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
| | - Ma'an Mushin
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
| | - Jennifer Hellawell
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- From the Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.M.B.); Borbánya Praxis, Nyíregyháza, Hungary (S.V.); Valley Clinical Trials, Northridge (M.A.), Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena (T.C., S.M., R.Z., M.M., J.H.), and the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford (N.J.L.) - all in California; the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (P.C.); the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21, Quebec, QC, Canada (D.G.)
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Song H, Dai Q, Liu C. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Polymer-Based RNA Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400278. [PMID: 38803312 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics offer a broad prospect in cancer treatment. However, their successful application requires overcoming various physiological barriers to effectively deliver RNAs to the target sites. Currently, a number of RNA delivery systems based on polymeric nanoparticles are developed to overcome these barriers in RNA delivery. This work provides an overview of the existing RNA therapeutics for cancer gene therapy, and particularly summarizes those that are entering the clinical phase. This work then discusses the core features and latest research developments of tumor microenvironment-responsive polymer-based RNA delivery carriers which are designed based on the pathological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, this work also proposes opportunities for the transformation of RNA therapies into cancer immunotherapy methods in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haiqin Song
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiong Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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17
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Li Q, Dong M, Chen P. Novel diamine-scaffold based N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-siRNA conjugate: synthesis and in vivo activities. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17461-17466. [PMID: 38818366 PMCID: PMC11137494 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03023k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
GalNAc-conjugated siRNA has shown remarkable potential in liver-targeted delivery in recent years. In general, tetrahydroxymethylmethane or other branching clusters constitute the basis of GalNAc's structure, which yields trivalent or tetravalent ligands. A novel diamine-scaffold GalNAc conjugate was synthesized and evaluated for its efficiency in siRNA administration. It exhibits comparable siRNA delivery effectiveness to a GalNAc NAG37 phase II clinical drug candidate targeting ANGPTL3. In addition, it exhibits more powerful silencing activity when connected to the 3'-end of the sense strand with an additional PS-linkage instead of a PO linkage between the ligand and the oligomer compared to a GalNAc L96 standard targeting TTR. Taken together, the incorporation of a diamine-scaffold into the GalNAc conjugate structure has potential in the field of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao 266021 China
- Research and Development Department, NanoPeptide (Qingdao) Biotechnology Ltd Qingdao China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao 266021 China
| | - Pu Chen
- Research and Development Department, NanoPeptide (Qingdao) Biotechnology Ltd Qingdao China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
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18
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Muolokwu CE, Chaulagain B, Gothwal A, Mahanta AK, Tagoe B, Lamsal B, Singh J. Functionalized nanoparticles to deliver nucleic acids to the brain for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1405423. [PMID: 38855744 PMCID: PMC11157074 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1405423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-targeted gene delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a significant challenge in the 21st century for the healthcare sector, particularly in developing an effective treatment strategy against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Internal architecture of the brain capillary endothelium restricts bio-actives entry into the brain. Additionally, therapy with nucleic acids faces challenges like vulnerability to degradation by nucleases and potential immune responses. Functionalized nanocarrier-based gene delivery approaches have resulted in safe and effective platforms. These nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated efficacy in protecting nucleic acids from degradation, enhancing transport across the BBB, increasing bioavailability, prolonging circulation time, and regulating gene expression of key proteins involved in AD pathology. We provided a detailed review of several nanocarriers and targeting ligands such as cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), endogenous proteins, and antibodies. The utilization of functionalized NPs extends beyond a singular system, serving as a versatile platform for customization in related neurodegenerative diseases. Only a few numbers of bioactive regimens can go through the BBB. Thus, exploring functionalized NPs for brain-targeted gene delivery is of utmost necessity. Currently, genes are considered high therapeutic potential molecules for altering any disease-causing gene. Through surface modification, nanoparticulate systems can be tailored to address various diseases by replacing the target-specific molecule on their surface. This review article presents several nanoparticulate delivery systems, such as lipid NPs, polymeric micelles, exosomes, and polymeric NPs, for nucleic acids delivery to the brain and the functionalization strategies explored in AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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19
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Carvalho T, Bártolo R, Correia A, Vilela C, Wang S, Santos HA, Freire CSR. Implantable Patch of Oxidized Nanofibrillated Cellulose and Lysozyme Amyloid Nanofibrils for the Regeneration of Infarcted Myocardium Tissue and Local Delivery of RNA-Loaded Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400129. [PMID: 38778746 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Biopolymeric implantable patches are popular scaffolds for myocardial regeneration applications. Besides being biocompatible, they can be tailored to have required properties and functionalities for this application. Recently, fibrillar biobased nanostructures prove to be valuable in the development of functional biomaterials for tissue regeneration applications. Here, periodate-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (OxNFC) is blended with lysozyme amyloid nanofibrils (LNFs) to prepare a self-crosslinkable patch for myocardial implantation. The OxNFC:LNFs patch shows superior wet mechanical properties (60 MPa for Young's modulus and 1.5 MPa for tensile stress at tensile strength), antioxidant activity (70% scavenging activity under 24 h), and bioresorbability ratio (80% under 91 days), when compared to the patches composed solely of NFC or OxNFC. These improvements are achieved while preserving the morphology, required thermal stability for sterilization, and biocompatibility toward rat cardiomyoblast cells. Additionally, both OxNFC and OxNFC:LNFs patches reveal the ability to act as efficient vehicles to deliver spermine modified acetalated dextran nanoparticles, loaded with small interfering RNA, with 80% of delivery after 5 days. This study highlights the value of simply blending OxNFC and LNFs, synergistically combining their key properties and functionalities, resulting in a biopolymeric patch that comprises valuable characteristics for myocardial regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Carvalho
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Raquel Bártolo
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, PRECISION - Personalized medicine Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Carla Vilela
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, PRECISION - Personalized medicine Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen S R Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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20
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Brown SD, Klimi E, Bakker WAM, Beqqali A, Baker AH. Non-coding RNAs to treat vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38773733 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) dysfunction is a critical contributor to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis and vein graft failure. Recent advances have unveiled a fascinating range of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a pivotal role in regulating vSMC function. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying vSMC dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of various ncRNAs in mitigating this dysfunction, either preventing or reversing it. We explore the intricate interplay of microRNAs, long-non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, shedding light on their roles in regulating key signalling pathways associated with vSMC dysfunction. We also discuss the prospects and challenges associated with developing ncRNA-based therapies for this prevalent type of cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Brown
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eftychia Klimi
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Abdelaziz Beqqali
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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Guo J, Chen S, Onishi Y, Shi Q, Song Y, Mei H, Chen L, Kool ET, Zhu RY. RNA Control via Redox-Responsive Acylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402178. [PMID: 38480851 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating stimuli-responsive components into RNA constructs provides precise spatiotemporal control over RNA structures and functions. Despite considerable advancements, the utilization of redox-responsive stimuli for the activation of caged RNAs remains scarce. In this context, we present a novel strategy that leverages post-synthetic acylation coupled with redox-responsive chemistry to exert control over RNA. To achieve this, we design and synthesize a series of acylating reagents specifically tailored for introducing disulfide-containing acyl adducts into the 2'-OH groups of RNA ("cloaking"). Our data reveal that these acyl moieties can be readily appended, effectively blocking RNA catalytic activity and folding. We also demonstrate the traceless release and reactivation of caged RNAs ("uncloaking") through reducing stimuli. By employing this strategy, RNA exhibits rapid cellular uptake, effective distribution and activation in the cytosol without lysosomal entrapment. We anticipate that our methodology will be accessible to laboratories engaged in RNA biology and holds promise as a versatile platform for RNA-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Siqin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Yoshiyuki Onishi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Yangyang Song
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Hui Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leilei Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ru-Yi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
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22
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Li Y, Pan X, Hai P, Zheng Y, Shan Y, Zhang J. All-in-one nanotheranostic platform based on tumor microenvironment: new strategies in multimodal imaging and therapeutic protocol. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104029. [PMID: 38762088 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Conventional tumor diagnosis and treatment approaches have significant limitations in clinical application, whereas personalized theranostistic nanoplatforms can ensure advanced diagnosis, precise treatment, and even a good prognosis in cancer. Tumor microenvironment (TME)-targeted therapeutic strategies offer absolute advantages in all aspects compared to tumor cell-targeted therapeutic strategies. It is essential to create a TME-responsive all-in-one nanotheranostic platform to facilitate individualized tumor treatment. Based on the TME-responsive multifunctional nanotheranostic platform, we focus on the combined use of multimodal imaging and therapeutic protocols and summary and outlooks on the latest advanced nanomaterials and structures for creating the integrated nanotheranostic system based on material science, which provide insights and reflections on the development of innovative TME-targeting tools for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ping Hai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine, Qinghai Provincial Drug Inspection and Testing Institute, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yongbiao Zheng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine, Qinghai Provincial Drug Inspection and Testing Institute, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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23
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Hu M, Bao J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Tang J, Zou Q. Supramolecular Nanoparticles of Histone and Hyaluronic Acid for Co-Delivery of siRNA and Photosensitizer In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5424. [PMID: 38791462 PMCID: PMC11121309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has significant potential as a treatment for cancer by targeting specific genes or molecular pathways involved in cancer development and progression. The addition of siRNA to other therapeutic strategies, like photodynamic therapy (PDT), can enhance the anticancer effects, providing synergistic benefits. Nevertheless, the effective delivery of siRNA into target cells remains an obstacle in cancer therapy. Herein, supramolecular nanoparticles were fabricated via the co-assembly of natural histone and hyaluronic acid for the co-delivery of HMGB1-siRNA and the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) into the MCF-7 cell. The produced siRNA-Ce6 nanoparticles (siRNA-Ce6 NPs) have a spherical morphology and exhibit uniform distribution. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the siRNA-Ce6 NPs display good biocompatibility, enhanced cellular uptake, and improved cytotoxicity. These outcomes indicate that the nanoparticles constructed by the co-assembly of histone and hyaluronic acid hold enormous promise as a means of siRNA and photosensitizer co-delivery towards synergetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxing Hu
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jianwei Bao
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhang
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lele Wang
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jihui Tang
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qianli Zou
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230000, China
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24
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Ma Q, Ye S, Liu H, Zhao Y, Zhang W. The emerging role and mechanism of HMGA2 in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:259. [PMID: 38753081 PMCID: PMC11098884 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a member of the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group (HMG) protein family, which participate in embryonic development and other biological processes. HMGA2 overexpression is associated with breast cancer (BC) cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, HMGA2 expression is positively associated with poor prognosis of patients with BC, and inhibiting HMGA2 signaling can stimulate BC cell progression and metastasis. In this review, we focus on HMGA2 expression changes in BC tissues and multiple BC cell lines. Wnt/β-catenin, STAT3, CNN6, and TRAIL-R2 proteins are upstream mediators of HMGA2 that can induce BC invasion and metastasis. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) can suppress BC cell growth, invasion, and metastasis by inhibiting HMGA2 expression. Furthermore, long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) and circular RNAs (CircRNAs) mainly regulate HMGA2 mRNA and protein expression levels by sponging miRNAs, thereby promoting BC development. Additionally, certain small molecule inhibitors can suppress BC drug resistance by reducing HMGA2 expression. Finally, we summarize findings demonstrating that HMGA2 siRNA and HMGA2 siRNA-loaded nanoliposomes can suppress BC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sisi Ye
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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25
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Nematian M, Noormohammadi Z, Rahimi P, Irani S, Arefian E. Exploring the potential of structural modeling and molecular docking for efficient siRNA screening: A promising approach to Combat viral mutants, with a focus on HIV-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149769. [PMID: 38518723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) holds immense potential for sequence-specific downregulation of disease-related genes. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy has made remarkable strides, with FDA approval for treating specific human diseases, showcasing its promising future in disease treatment. Designing highly efficient siRNAs is a critical step in this process. Previous studies have introduced various algorithms and parameters for siRNA design and scoring. However, these attempts have often fallen short of meeting all essential criteria or required modifications, resulting in variable and unclear effectiveness of screened siRNAs, particularly against viral mutants with non-conserved short sequences. In this study, we present a fully optimized siRNA screening system considering all necessary parameters. Notably, we highlight the critical role of molecular docking simulations between siRNA and two functional domains of the Argonaute protein (PAZ and PIWI) in identifying the most efficient siRNAs, since the appropriate interaction between the guide siRNA strand and the RISC complex is crucial. Through our stringent method, we designed approximately 50 potential siRNAs targeting the HIV-1 vpr gene. Evaluation through XTT, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry analysis on RAW 264.7 macrophage stable cells revealed negligible cytotoxicity and exceptional gene-silencing efficiency at both the transcriptional and translational levels for the top-ranked screened siRNAs. Given the growing interest in siRNA-based therapeutics, we anticipate that the insights from this study will contribute to improving treatment strategies against mutant viruses, particularly HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nematian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Noormohammadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Rahimi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Viral Vaccine Research Center (VVRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Batra N, Tu MJ, Yu AM. Molecular Engineering of Functional SiRNA Agents. ACS Synth Biol 2024. [PMID: 38733599 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic biology constitutes a scientific domain focused on intentional redesign of organisms to confer novel functionalities or create new products through strategic engineering of their genetic makeup. Leveraging the inherent capabilities of nature, one may address challenges across diverse sectors including medicine. Inspired by this concept, we have developed an innovative bioengineering platform, enabling high-yield and large-scale production of biological small interfering RNA (BioRNA/siRNA) agents via bacterial fermentation. Herein, we show that with the use of a new tRNA fused pre-miRNA carrier, we can produce various forms of BioRNA/siRNA agents within living host cells. We report a high-level overexpression of nine target BioRNA/siRNA molecules at 100% success rate, yielding 3-10 mg of BioRNA/siRNA per 0.25 L of bacterial culture with high purity (>98%) and low endotoxin (<5 EU/μg RNA). Furthermore, we demonstrate that three representative BioRNA/siRNAs against GFP, BCL2, and PD-L1 are biologically active and can specifically and efficiently silence their respective targets with the potential to effectively produce downstream antiproliferation effects by PD-L1-siRNA. With these promising results, we aim to advance the field of synthetic biology by offering a novel platform to bioengineer functional siRNA agents for research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
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27
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Kim JY, Lee SY, Cha SG, Park JM, Song DH, Lee SH, Hwang DY, Kim BJ, Rho S, Park CG, Rhim WK, Han DK. Combinatory Nanovesicle with siRNA-Loaded Extracellular Vesicle and IGF-1 for Osteoarthritis Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5242. [PMID: 38791285 PMCID: PMC11121733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to have the characteristics of their parent cells. Based on the characteristics of these EVs, various studies on disease treatment using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs with regenerative activity have been actively conducted. The therapeutic nature of MSC-derived EVs has been shown in several studies, but in recent years, there have been many efforts to functionalize EVs to give them more potent therapeutic effects. Strategies for functionalizing EVs include endogenous and exogenous methods. In this study, human umbilical cord MSC (UCMSC)-derived EVs were selected for optimum OA treatments with expectation via bioinformatics analysis based on antibody array. And we created a novel nanovesicle system called the IGF-si-EV, which has the properties of both cartilage regeneration and long-term retention in the lesion site, attaching positively charged insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to the surface of the UCMSC-derived Evs carrying siRNA, which inhibits MMP13. The downregulation of inflammation-related cytokine (MMP13, NF-kB, and IL-6) and the upregulation of cartilage-regeneration-related factors (Col2, Acan) were achieved with IGF-si-EV. Moreover, the ability of IGF-si-EV to remain in the lesion site for a long time has been proven through an ex vivo system. Collectively, the final constructed IGF-si-EV can be proposed as an effective OA treatment through its successful MMP13 inhibition, chondroprotective effect, and cartilage adhesion ability. We also believe that this EV-based nanoparticle-manufacturing technology can be applied as a platform technology for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea;
- Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Seung-Gyu Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Jung Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Duck Hyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Byoung Ju Kim
- ATEMs, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul-si 05836, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seungsoo Rho
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea;
- Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Rhim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
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28
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Bie Y, Zhang J, Chen J, Zhang Y, Huang M, Zhang L, Zhou X, Qiu Y. Design of antiviral AGO2-dependent short hairpin RNAs. Virol Sin 2024:S1995-820X(24)00069-5. [PMID: 38734183 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence and re-emergence of RNA virus outbreaks underlines the urgent need to develop effective antivirals. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific gene silencing mechanism that is triggered by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), which exhibits significant promise for antiviral therapy. AGO2-dependent shRNA (agshRNA) generates a single-stranded guide RNA and presents significant advantages over traditional siRNA and shRNA. In this study, we applied a logistic regression algorithm to a previously published chemically siRNA efficacy dataset and built a machine learning-based model with high predictive power. Using this model, we designed siRNA sequences targeting diverse RNA viruses, including human enterovirus A71 (EV71), Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus 2 (DENV2), mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and transformed them into agshRNAs. We validated the performance of our agshRNA design by evaluating antiviral efficacies of agshRNAs in cells infected with different viruses. Using the agshRNA targeting EV71 as an example, we showed that the anti-EV71 effect of agshRNA was more potent compared with the corresponding siRNA and shRNA. Moreover, the antiviral effect of agshRNA is dependent on AGO2-processed guide RNA, which can load into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). We also confirmed the antiviral effect of agshRNA in vivo. Together, this work develops a novel antiviral strategy that combines machine learning-based algorithm with agshRNA design to custom design antiviral agshRNAs with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bie
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jieling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jiyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Muhan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Yang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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29
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Younis MA, Harashima H. Understanding Gene Involvement in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Gene Therapy and Personalized Medicine. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2024; 17:193-213. [PMID: 38737776 PMCID: PMC11088404 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s431346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the dominant type of liver cancers and is one of the deadliest health threats globally. The conventional therapeutic options for HCC are hampered by low efficiency and intolerable side effects. Gene therapy, however, now offers hope for the treatment of many disorders previously considered incurable, and gene therapy is beginning to address many of the shortcomings of conventional therapies. Herein, we summarize the involvement of genes in the pathogenesis and prognosis of HCC, with a special focus on dysregulated signaling pathways, genes involved in immune evasion, and non-coding RNAs as novel two-edged players, which collectively offer potential targets for the gene therapy of HCC. Herein, the opportunities and challenges of HCC gene therapy are discussed. These include innovative therapies such as genome editing and cell therapies. Moreover, advanced gene delivery technologies that recruit nanomedicines for use in gene therapy for HCC are highlighted. Finally, suggestions are offered for improved clinical translation and future directions in this area of endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Younis
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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30
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Chen L, Bosmajian C, Woo S. A highly sensitive stem-loop RT-qPCR method to study siRNA intracellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae029. [PMID: 38783988 PMCID: PMC11112049 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful tool for sequence-specific silencing of disease-related genes. In this study, we established and validated a stem-loop reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method applicable for both chemically unmodified and modified siRNA, aiming to elucidate mechanistic intracellular pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties of siRNA. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of factors affecting intracellular siRNA quantification. Our study revealed that immobilization-based siRNA extraction introduced high variation, making it unsuitable for absolute quantification. Conversely, direct cell lysis followed by stem-loop RT-qPCR demonstrated excellent reproducibility, with a quantification range from 0.0002 to 20 femtomole (fmole) for unmodified siRNA and 0.02 to 20 fmole for modified siRNA. The design of a 6-bp overlapping RT primer facilitated the distinction of full-length antisense from its 3'-metabolites, and pre-annealing of antisense to RT primer enhanced sensitivity and reproducibility. Differences in siRNA loss during storage and sample processing were noted among microcentrifuge tubes from various manufacturers. Endogenous miR-16 served as a reference for normalizing cytoplasmic siRNA, while protein concentration post-immunoprecipitation lysis was used to normalize RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)-loaded siRNA levels. This method successfully enabled a detailed characterization of the time profiles of cytoplasmic and RISC-loaded siRNA, advancing the in vitro-in vivo translation of siRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Caroline Bosmajian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
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Guo F, Li Y, Yu W, Fu Y, Zhang J, Cao H. Recent Progress of Small Interfering RNA Delivery on the Market and Clinical Stage. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2081-2096. [PMID: 38630656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are promising therapeutic strategies, and five siRNA drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission (EC). This marks a significant milestone in the development of siRNA for clinical applications. The approved siRNA agents can effectively deliver siRNAs to the liver and treat liver-related diseases. Currently, researchers have developed diverse delivery platforms for transporting siRNAs to different tissues such as the brain, lung, muscle, and others, and a large number of siRNA drugs are undergoing clinical trials. Here, these delivery technologies and the latest advancements in clinical applications are summarized, and this Review provides a concise overview of the strategies employed for siRNA delivery to both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong 264003, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong 264000, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong 264000, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Yuanlei Fu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong 264000, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Haiqiang Cao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong 264000, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wang W, Albadari N, Du Y, Fowler JF, Sang HT, Xian W, McKeon F, Li W, Zhou J, Zhang R. MDM2 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: The Past, Present, and Future. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:414-453. [PMID: 38697854 PMCID: PMC11068841 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery over 35 years ago, MDM2 has emerged as an attractive target for the development of cancer therapy. MDM2's activities extend from carcinogenesis to immunity to the response to various cancer therapies. Since the report of the first MDM2 inhibitor more than 30 years ago, various approaches to inhibit MDM2 have been attempted, with hundreds of small-molecule inhibitors evaluated in preclinical studies and numerous molecules tested in clinical trials. Although many MDM2 inhibitors and degraders have been evaluated in clinical trials, there is currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved MDM2 inhibitor on the market. Nevertheless, there are several current clinical trials of promising agents that may overcome the past failures, including agents granted FDA orphan drug or fast-track status. We herein summarize the research efforts to discover and develop MDM2 inhibitors, focusing on those that induce MDM2 degradation and exert anticancer activity, regardless of the p53 status of the cancer. We also describe how preclinical and clinical investigations have moved toward combining MDM2 inhibitors with other agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions to accelerate the clinical application of MDM2 inhibitors. In conclusion, targeting MDM2 remains a promising treatment approach, and targeting MDM2 for protein degradation represents a novel strategy to downregulate MDM2 without the side effects of the existing agents blocking p53-MDM2 binding. Additional preclinical and clinical investigations are needed to finally realize the full potential of MDM2 inhibition in treating cancer and other chronic diseases where MDM2 has been implicated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Overexpression/amplification of the MDM2 oncogene has been detected in various human cancers and is associated with disease progression, treatment resistance, and poor patient outcomes. This article reviews the previous, current, and emerging MDM2-targeted therapies and summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies combining MDM2 inhibitors with chemotherapy and immunotherapy regimens. The findings of these contemporary studies may lead to safer and more effective treatments for patients with cancers overexpressing MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Najah Albadari
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Josef F Fowler
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Hannah T Sang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Wa Xian
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Frank McKeon
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
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Sandra L, T'jollyn H, Vermeulen A, Ackaert O, Perez‐Ruixo J. Model-based meta-analysis to quantify the effects of short interfering RNA therapeutics on hepatitis B surface antigen turnover in hepatitis B-infected mice. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024; 13:729-742. [PMID: 38522000 PMCID: PMC11098160 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of short interfering RNA therapeutics (siRNAs) in reducing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels in hepatitis B-infected (HBV) mice across multiple siRNA therapeutic classes using model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) techniques. Literature data from 10 studies in HBV-infected mice were pooled, including 13 siRNAs, formulated as liposomal nanoparticles (LNPs) or conjugated to either cholesterol (chol) or N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Time course of the baseline- and placebo-corrected mean HBsAg profiles were modeled using kinetics of drug effect (KPD) model coupled to an indirect response model (IRM) within a longitudinal non-linear mixed-effects MBMA framework. Single and multiple dose simulations were performed exploring the role of dosing regimens across evaluated siRNA classes. The HBsAg degradation rate (0.72 day-1) was consistent across siRNAs but exhibited a large between-study variability of 31.4% (CV%). The siRNA biophase half-life was dependent on the siRNA class and was highest for GalNAc-siRNAs (21.06 days) and lowest for chol-siRNAs (2.89 days). ID50 estimates were compound-specific and were lowest for chol-siRNAs and highest for GalNAc-siRNAs. Multiple dose simulations suggest GalNAc-siRNAs may require between 4 and 7 times less frequent dosing at higher absolute dose levels compared to LNP-siRNAs and chol-siRNAs, respectively, to reach equipotent HBsAg-lowering effects in HBV mice. In conclusion, non-clinical HBsAg concentration-time data after siRNA administration can be described using the presented KPD-IRM MBMA framework. This framework allows to quantitatively compare the effects of siRNAs on the HBsAg time course and inform dose and regimen selection across siRNA classes. These results may support siRNA development, optimize preclinical study designs, and inform data analysis methodology of future anti-HBV siRNAs; and ultimately, support siRNA model-informed drug development (MIDD) strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Sandra
- Janssen Research and Development, a Johnson & Johnson CompanyBeerseBelgium
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Huybrecht T'jollyn
- Janssen Research and Development, a Johnson & Johnson CompanyBeerseBelgium
| | - An Vermeulen
- Janssen Research and Development, a Johnson & Johnson CompanyBeerseBelgium
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Oliver Ackaert
- Janssen Research and Development, a Johnson & Johnson CompanyBeerseBelgium
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Jürgens DC, Müller JT, Nguyen A, Merkel OM. Tailoring lipid nanoparticles for T-cell targeting in allergic asthma: Insights into efficacy and specificity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 198:114242. [PMID: 38442794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Asthma impacts over 300 million patients globally, with significant health implications, especially in cases of its allergic subtype. The disease is characterized by a complex interplay of airway inflammation and immune responses, often mediated by Th2 cell-related cytokines. In this study, we engineered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to specifically deliver therapeutic siRNA via the transferrin receptor to T cells. Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) was employed for the conjugation of transferrin ligands to PEGylated lipids in the LNPs, with the goal of enhancing cellular uptake and gene knockdown. The obtained LNPs exhibited characteristics that make them suitable for pulmonary delivery. Using methods such as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we determined the average number of transferrin molecules bound to individual LNPs. Additionally, we found that cellular uptake was ligand-dependent, achieving a GATA3 knockdown of more than 50% in relevant in vitro and ex vivo models. Notably, our findings highlight the limitations inherent to modifying the surface of LNPs, particularly with regard to their targeting capabilities. This work paves the way for future research aimed at optimizing targeted LNPs for the treatment of immunologic diseases such as allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Jürgens
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus B, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Joschka T Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus B, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anny Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus B, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus B, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
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Adams F, Zimmermann CM, Baldassi D, Pehl TM, Weingarten P, Kachel I, Kränzlein M, Jürgens DC, Braubach P, Alexopoulos I, Wygrecka M, Merkel OM. Pulmonary siRNA Delivery with Sophisticated Amphiphilic Poly(Spermine Acrylamides) for the Treatment of Lung Fibrosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308775. [PMID: 38126895 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an efficient strategy to post-transcriptionally silence gene expression. While all siRNA drugs on the market target the liver, the lung offers a variety of currently undruggable targets, which can potentially be treated with RNA therapeutics. To achieve this goal, the synthesis of poly(spermine acrylamides) (P(SpAA) is reported herein. Polymers are prepared via polymerization of N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) and afterward this active ester is converted into spermine-based pendant groups. Copolymerizations with decylacrylamide are employed to increase the hydrophobicity of the polymers. After deprotection, polymers show excellent siRNA encapsulation to obtain perfectly sized polyplexes at very low polymer/RNA ratios. In vitro 2D and 3D cell culture, ex vivo and in vivo experiments reveal superior properties of amphiphilic spermine-copolymers with respect to delivery of siRNA to lung cells in comparison to commonly used lipid-based transfection agents. In line with the in vitro results, siRNA delivery to human lung explants confirm more efficient gene silencing of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a G protein-coupled receptor involved in fibrosis. This study reveals the importance of the balance between efficient polyplex formation, cellular uptake, gene knockdown, and toxicity for efficient siRNA delivery in vitro, in vivo, and in fibrotic human lung tissue ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Adams
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Chair of Macromolecular Materials and Fiber Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph M Zimmermann
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Domizia Baldassi
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Pehl
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Philipp Weingarten
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Kachel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Kränzlein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - David C Jürgens
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) Research Network, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ioannis Alexopoulos
- Center for Infections and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research, Aulweg 132, 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Multiscale Imaging Platform, Institute for Lung Health, German Center for Lung Research, Aulweg 132, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infections and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research, Aulweg 132, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Tao T, Rehman SU, Xu S, Zhang J, Xia H, Guo Z, Li Z, Ma K, Wang J. A biomimetic camouflaged metal organic framework for enhanced siRNA delivery in the tumor environment. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4080-4096. [PMID: 38577851 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02827e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi), particularly using small double-stranded RNA (siRNA), has been identified as a potent strategy for targeted cancer treatment. Yet, its application faces challenges such as nuclease degradation, inefficient cellular uptake, endosomal entrapment, off-target effects, and immune responses, which have hindered its effective delivery. In the past few years, these challenges have been addressed significantly by using camouflaged metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocarriers. These nanocarriers protect siRNA from degradation, enhance cellular uptake, and reduce unintended side effects by effectively targeting desired cells while evading immune detection. By combining the properties of biomimetic membranes and MOFs, these nanocarriers offer superior benefits such as extended circulation times, enhanced stability, and reduced immune responses. Moreover, through ligand-receptor interactions, biomimetic membrane-coated MOFs achieve homologous targeting, minimizing off-target adverse effects. The MOFs, acting as the core, efficiently encapsulate and protect siRNA molecules, while the biomimetic membrane-coated surface provides homologous targeting, further increasing the precision of siRNA delivery to cancer cells. In particular, the biomimetic membranes help to shield the MOFs from the immune system, avoiding unwanted immune responses and improving their biocompatibility. The combination of siRNA with innovative nanocarriers, such as camouflaged-MOFs, presents a significant advancement in cancer therapy. The ability to deliver siRNA with precision and effectiveness using these camouflaged nanocarriers holds great promise for achieving more personalized and efficient cancer treatments in the future. This review article discusses the significant progress made in the development of siRNA therapeutics for cancer, focusing on their effective delivery through novel nanocarriers, with a particular emphasis on the role of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as camouflaged nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxiang Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Sajid Ur Rehman
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Haining Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zeyong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zehua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Kun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
| | - Junfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, P. R. China
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Zhao B, Kamanzi A, Zhang Y, Chan KYT, Robertson M, Leslie S, Cullis PR. Determination of the interior pH of lipid nanoparticles using a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye-based DNA probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116065. [PMID: 38330772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing ionizable cationic lipids are proven delivery systems for therapeutic nucleic acids, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA). It is important to understand the relationship between the interior pH of LNPs and the pH of the external environment to understand LNP formulation and function. Here, we developed a simple and rapid approach for determining the pH of the LNP core using a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye-based DNA probe. LNP siRNA systems containing pH-responsive DNA probes (LNP-siRNA&DNA) were generated by rapid mixing of lipids in ethanol and pH 4 aqueous buffer containing siRNA and DNA probes. We demonstrated that DNA probes were readily encapsulated in LNP systems and were sequestered into an environment at a high concentration as evidenced by an inter-probe FRET signal. It was shown that the pH of LNP encapsulated probes closely follows the pH increase or decrease of the external environment. This indicates that the clinically approved LNP RNA systems with similar lipid compositions (e.g., Onpattro and Comirnaty) are highly permeable to protons and that the pH of the interior environment closely mirrors the external environment. The pH-dependent response of the probe in LNPs was also confirmed under buffer conditions at various pHs. Furthermore, we showed that the pH-sensitive DNA probe can be incorporated into LNP systems at levels that allow the pH response to be monitored at a single LNP level using convex lens-induced confinement (CLiC) confocal microscopy. Direct visualization of the internal pH of single particles with the fluorescent DNA probe was achieved by CLiC for LNP-siRNA&DNA systems formulated under both high and normal ionic strength conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Albert Kamanzi
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yao Zhang
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen Y T Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Madelaine Robertson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sabrina Leslie
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Hu M, Li X, You Z, Cai R, Chen C. Physiological Barriers and Strategies of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303266. [PMID: 37792475 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are currently the most promising vehicles for nucleic acid drug (NAD) delivery. Although their clinical applications have achieved success, the NAD delivery efficiency and safety are still unsatisfactory, which are, to a large extent, due to the existence of multi-level physiological barriers in vivo. It is important to elucidate the interactions between these barriers and LBNPs, which will guide more rational design of efficient NAD vehicles with low adverse effects and facilitate broader applications of nucleic acid therapeutics. This review describes the obstacles and challenges of biological barriers to NAD delivery at systemic, organ, sub-organ, cellular, and subcellular levels. The strategies to overcome these barriers are comprehensively reviewed, mainly including physically/chemically engineering LBNPs and directly modifying physiological barriers by auxiliary treatments. Then the potentials and challenges for successful translation of these preclinical studies into the clinic are discussed. In the end, a forward look at the strategies on manipulating protein corona (PC) is addressed, which may pull off the trick of overcoming those physiological barriers and significantly improve the efficacy and safety of LBNP-based NADs delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhen You
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Rong Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, 510700, China
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Chernikov IV, Bachkova IK, Sen’kova AV, Meschaninova MI, Savin IA, Vlassov VV, Zenkova MA, Chernolovskaya EL. Cholesterol-Modified Anti-Il6 siRNA Reduces the Severity of Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Cells 2024; 13:767. [PMID: 38727303 PMCID: PMC11083178 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds significant therapeutic potential by silencing target genes through RNA interference. Current clinical applications of siRNA have been primarily limited to liver diseases, while achievements in delivery methods are expanding their applications to various organs, including the lungs. Cholesterol-conjugated siRNA emerges as a promising delivery approach due to its low toxicity and high efficiency. This study focuses on developing a cholesterol-conjugated anti-Il6 siRNA and the evaluation of its potency for the potential treatment of inflammatory diseases using the example of acute lung injury (ALI). The biological activities of different Il6-targeted siRNAs containing chemical modifications were evaluated in J774 cells in vitro. The lead cholesterol-conjugated anti-Il6 siRNA after intranasal instillation demonstrated dose-dependent therapeutic effects in a mouse model of ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The treatment significantly reduced Il6 mRNA levels, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the severity of lung inflammation. IL6 silencing by cholesterol-conjugated siRNA proves to be a promising strategy for treating inflammatory diseases, with potential applications beyond the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Chernikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.C.); (I.K.B.); (A.V.S.); (M.I.M.); (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Irina K. Bachkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.C.); (I.K.B.); (A.V.S.); (M.I.M.); (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.C.); (I.K.B.); (A.V.S.); (M.I.M.); (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Mariya I. Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.C.); (I.K.B.); (A.V.S.); (M.I.M.); (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Innokenty A. Savin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.C.); (I.K.B.); (A.V.S.); (M.I.M.); (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Valentin V. Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.C.); (I.K.B.); (A.V.S.); (M.I.M.); (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.C.); (I.K.B.); (A.V.S.); (M.I.M.); (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Elena L. Chernolovskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.C.); (I.K.B.); (A.V.S.); (M.I.M.); (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
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Gu XR, Tai YF, Liu Z, Zhang XY, Liu K, Zhou LY, Yin WJ, Deng YX, Kong DL, Midgley AC, Zuo XC. Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Renal-Targeted Polymeric Nanoparticles for Robust Arginase-2 Knockdown and Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Prevention. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304675. [PMID: 38688026 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial enzyme arginase-2 (Arg-2) is implicated in the pathophysiology of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Therefore, Arg-2 represents a candid target for CI-AKI prevention. Here, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled renal-targeting polymeric nanoparticles are developed to efficiently deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA), knockdown Arg-2 expression in renal tubules, and prevention of CI-AKI is evaluated. First, near-infrared dye-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) anionic cores are electrostatically coated with cationic chitosan (CS) to facilitate the adsorption and stabilization of Arg-2 siRNA. Next, nanoparticles are coated with anionic hyaluronan (HA) to provide protection against siRNA leakage and shielding against early clearance. Sequential electrostatic layering of CS and HA improves loading capacity of Arg-2 siRNA and yields LbL-assembled nanoparticles. Renal targeting and accumulation is enhanced by modifying the outermost layer of HA with a kidney targeting peptide (HA-KTP). The resultant kidney-targeting and siRNA loaded nanoparticles (PLGA/CS/HA-KTP siRNA) exhibit proprietary accumulation in kidneys and proximal tubular cells at 24 h post-tail vein injection. In iohexol-induced in vitro and in vivo CI-AKI models, PLGA/CS/HA-KTP siRNA delivery alleviates oxidative and nitrification stress, and rescues mitochondrial dysfunction while reducing apoptosis, thereby demonstrating a robust and satisfactory therapeutic effect. Thus, PLGA/CS/HA-KTP siRNA nanoparticles offer a promising candidate therapy to protect against CI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Rui Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - De-Ling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Adam C Midgley
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Cong Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
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Xin J, Lu X, Cao J, Wu W, Liu Q, Wang D, Zhou X, Ding D. Fluorinated Organic Polymers for Cancer Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404645. [PMID: 38678386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of cancer therapy, the spotlight is on nanoscale pharmaceutical delivery systems, especially polymer-based nanoparticles, for their enhanced drug dissolution, extended presence in the bloodstream, and precision targeting achieved via surface engineering. Leveraging the amplified permeation and retention phenomenon, these systems concentrate therapeutic agents within tumor tissues. Nonetheless, the hurdles of systemic toxicity, biological barriers, and compatibility with living systems persist. Fluorinated polymers, distinguished by their chemical idiosyncrasies, are poised for extensive biomedical applications, notably in stabilizing drug metabolism, augmenting lipophilicity, and optimizing bioavailability. Material science heralds the advent of fluorinated polymers that, by integrating fluorine atoms, unveil a suite of drug delivery merits: the hydrophobic traits of fluorinated alkyl chains ward off lipid or protein disruption, the carbon-fluorine bond's stability extends the drug's lifecycle in the system, and a lower alkalinity coupled with a diminished ionic charge bolsters the drug's ability to traverse cellular membranes. This comprehensive review delves into the utilization of fluorinated polymers for oncological pharmacotherapy, elucidating their molecular architecture, synthetic pathways, and functional attributes, alongside an exploration of their empirical strengths and the quandaries they encounter in both experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Xin
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen, Futian), and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Weihui Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen, Futian), and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Deping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen, Futian), and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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42
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Zhang D, Zhou Q, Yang X, Zhang Z, Wang D, Hu D, Huang Y, Sheng J, Wang X. Gallic Acid Can Promote Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake in HepG2 Cells via Increasing Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Accumulation. Molecules 2024; 29:1999. [PMID: 38731489 PMCID: PMC11085419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a type of polyphenolic compound that can be found in a range of fruits, vegetables, and tea. Although it has been confirmed it improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is still unknown whether GA can improve the occurrence of NAFLD by increasing the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) accumulation and alleviating cholesterol metabolism disorders. Therefore, the present study explored the effect of GA on LDLR and its mechanism of action. The findings indicated that the increase in LDLR accumulation in HepG2 cells induced by GA was associated with the stimulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor-extracellular regulated protein kinase (EGFR-ERK1/2) signaling pathway. When the pathway was inhibited by EGFR mab cetuximab, it was observed that the activation of the EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling pathway induced by GA was also blocked. At the same time, the accumulation of LDLR protein and the uptake of LDL were also suppressed. Additionally, GA can also promote the accumulation of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and suppress the accumulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF1α), leading to the inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) mRNA expression and protein accumulation. This ultimately results in increased LDLR protein accumulation and enhanced uptake of LDL in cells. In summary, the present study revealed the potential mechanism of GA's role in ameliorating NAFLD, with a view of providing a theoretical basis for the dietary supplementation of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Zhang
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Xiangxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Dandan Hu
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Yewei Huang
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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Weidle UH, Birzele F. Deregulated circRNAs in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer With Activity in Preclinical In Vivo Models: Identification of Targets and New Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2024; 21:213-237. [PMID: 38670587 PMCID: PMC11059596 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is associated with a dismal prognosis due to development of resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis in the peritoneal cavity and distant organs. In order to identify new targets and treatment modalities we searched the literature for up- and and down-regulated circRNAs with efficacy in preclinical EOC-related in vivo systems. Our search yielded circRNAs falling into the following categories: cisplatin and paclitaxel resistance, transmembrane receptors, secreted factors, transcription factors, RNA splicing and processing factors, RAS pathway-related components, proteolysis and cell-cycle regulation, signaling-related proteins, and circRNAs regulating proteins in additional categories. These findings can be potentially translated by validation and manipulation of the corresponding targets, inhibition of circRNAs with antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or by reconstituting their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Ferraresso F, Leung J, Kastrup CJ. RNA therapeutics to control fibrinolysis: review on applications in biology and medicine. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00224-1. [PMID: 38663489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of fibrinolysis, the process that degrades blood clots, is pivotal in maintaining hemostasis. Dysregulation leads to thrombosis or excessive bleeding. Proteins in the fibrinolysis system include fibrinogen, coagulation factor XIII, plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator, α2-antiplasmin, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, α2-macroglobulin, and others. While each of these is a potential therapeutic target for diseases, they lack effective or long-acting inhibitors. Rapid advances in RNA-based technologies are creating powerful tools to control the expression of proteins. RNA agents can be long-acting and tailored to either decrease or increase production of a specific protein. Advances in nucleic acid delivery, such as by lipid nanoparticles, have enabled the delivery of RNA to the liver, where most proteins of coagulation and fibrinolysis are produced. This review will summarize the classes of RNA that induce 1) inhibition of protein synthesis, including small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides; 2) protein expression, including messenger RNA and self-amplifying RNA; and 3) gene editing for gene knockdown and precise editing. It will review specific examples of RNA therapies targeting proteins in the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems and comment on the wide range of opportunities for controlling fibrinolysis for biological applications and future therapeutics using state-of-the-art RNA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferraresso
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian J Kastrup
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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Palmer CR, Pastora LE, Kimmel BR, Pagendarm HM, Kwiatkowski AJ, Stone PT, Arora K, Francini N, Fedorova O, Pyle AM, Wilson JT. Covalent Polymer-RNA Conjugates for Potent Activation of the RIG-I Pathway. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303815. [PMID: 38648653 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
RNA ligands of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) are a promising class of oligonucleotide therapeutics with broad potential as antiviral agents, vaccine adjuvants, and cancer immunotherapies. However, their translation has been limited by major drug delivery barriers, including poor cellular uptake, nuclease degradation, and an inability to access the cytosol where RIG-I is localized. Here this challenge is addressed by engineering nanoparticles that harness covalent conjugation of 5'-triphospate RNA (3pRNA) to endosome-destabilizing polymers. Compared to 3pRNA loaded into analogous nanoparticles via electrostatic interactions, it is found that covalent conjugation of 3pRNA improves loading efficiency, enhances immunostimulatory activity, protects against nuclease degradation, and improves serum stability. Additionally, it is found that 3pRNA could be conjugated via either a disulfide or thioether linkage, but that the latter is only permissible if conjugated distal to the 5'-triphosphate group. Finally, administration of 3pRNA-polymer conjugates to mice significantly increases type-I interferon levels relative to analogous carriers that use electrostatic 3pRNA loading. Collectively, these studies have yielded a next-generation polymeric carrier for in vivo delivery of 3pRNA, while also elucidating new chemical design principles for covalent conjugation of 3pRNA with potential to inform the further development of therapeutics and delivery technologies for pharmacological activation of RIG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Lucinda E Pastora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Blaise R Kimmel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Hayden M Pagendarm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Alexander J Kwiatkowski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Payton T Stone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Karan Arora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Nora Francini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Anna M Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Chen F, Zhong H, Chan G, Ouyang D. A Comprehensive Analysis of Biopharmaceutical Products Listed in the FDA's Purple Book. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:88. [PMID: 38637407 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although biopharmaceuticals constitute around 10% of the drug landscape, eight of the ten top-selling products were biopharmaceuticals in 2023. This study did a comprehensive analysis of the FDA's Purple Book database. Firstly, our research uncovered market trends and provided insights into biologics distributions. According to the investigation, although biotechnology has advanced and legislative shifts have made the approval process faster, there are still challenges to overcome, such as molecular instability and formulation design. Moreover, our research comprehensively analyzed biological formulations, pointing out significant strategies regarding administration routes, dosage forms, product packaging, and excipients. In conjunction with biologics, the widespread integration of innovative delivery strategies will be implemented to confront the evolving challenges in healthcare and meet an expanding array of treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
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47
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Zou B, Xiong Z, Yu Y, Shi S, Li X, Chen T. Rapid Selenoprotein Activation by Selenium Nanoparticles to Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis and Pathological Bone Loss. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401620. [PMID: 38621414 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Osteoclast hyperactivation stands as a significant pathological factor contributing to the emergence of bone disorders driven by heightened oxidative stress levels. The modulation of the redox balance to scavenge reactive oxygen species emerges as a viable approach to addressing this concern. Selenoproteins, characterized by selenocysteine (SeCys2) as the active center, are crucial for selenium-based antioxidative stress therapy for inflammatory diseases. This study reveals that surface-active elemental selenium (Se) nanoparticles, particularly lentinan-Se (LNT-Se), exhibit enhanced cellular accumulation and accelerated metabolism to SeCys2, the primary active Se form in biological systems. Consequently, LNT-Se demonstrates significant inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, in vivo studies underscore the superior therapeutic efficacy of LNT-Se over SeCys2, potentially attributable to the enhanced stability and safety profile of LNT-Se. Specifically, LNT-Se effectively modulates the expression of the selenoprotein GPx1, thereby exerting regulatory control over osteoclastogenesis inhibition, and the prevention of osteolysis. In summary, these results suggest that the prompt activation of selenoproteins by Se nanoparticles serves to suppress osteoclastogenesis and pathological bone loss by upregulating GPx1. Moreover, the utilization of bioactive Se species presents a promising avenue for effectively managing bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhua Zou
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zushuang Xiong
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanzi Yu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Sujiang Shi
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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48
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Tanna S, Doshi G, Godad A. siRNA as potential therapeutic strategy for hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176467. [PMID: 38431244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension, a well-known cardiovascular disorder noticed by rise in blood pressure, poses a significant global health challenge. The development RNA interfering (RNAi)-based therapies offers a ground-breaking molecular tool, holds promise for addressing hypertension's intricate molecular mechanisms. Harnessing the power of small interfering RNA (siRNA), researchers aim to selectively target and modulate genes associated with hypertension. Furthermore, they aim to downregulate the levels of mRNA by activating cellular nucleases in response to sequence homology between the siRNA and the corresponding mRNA molecule. As a result, genes involved in the cause of disorders linked to a known genetic background can be silenced using siRNA strategy. In the realm of hypertension, siRNA therapy emerges as a potential therapy for prognostics, diagnostics and treatments. It plays an important role in execution of targeting suppression of genes involved in vascular tone regulation, sodium handling, and pathways contributing to high blood pressure. A clinical trial involving intervention like angiotensinogen siRNA (AGT siRNA) is currently being carried out to treat hypertension. Genetic correlations between uromodulin (UMOD) and hypertension are investigated as emerging Non AGT siRNA target. Furthermore, expression of UMOD is responsible for regulation of sodium by modulating the tumor necrosis factor-α and regulating the Na + -K + -2Cl-cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb, which makes it an important target for blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srushti Tanna
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Angel Godad
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Hayashi J, Ochi Y, Senpuku K, Wada SI, Wada F, Harada-Shiba M, Urata H. Rational design of prodrug-type apoB-targeted siRNA for nuclease resistance improvement without compromising gene silencing potency. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 104:117693. [PMID: 38552598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic siRNA molecules without chemical modifications are easily degraded in the body, and 2'-O-modifications are frequently introduced to enhance stability. However, such chemical modifications tend to impact the gene knockdown potency of siRNA negatively. To circumvent this problem, we previously developed a prodrug-type siRNA bearing 2'-O-methyldithiomethyl (MDTM) groups, which can be converted into unmodified siRNA under the reductive environment in cells. In this study, we developed a nuclease-resistant prodrug-type 2'-O-MDTM siRNA for deployment in future animal experiments. To rationally design siRNA modified with a minimal number of 2'-O-MDTM nucleotide residues, we identified the sites susceptible to nuclease digestion and tolerant to 2'-O-methyl (2'-OMe) modification in the antisense strand of apolipoprotein B-targeted siRNA. Subsequently, we optimized the positions where the 2'-OMe and 2'-O-MDTM groups should be incorporated. siRNA bearing the 2'-O-MDTM and 2'-OMe groups at their respective optimized positions exhibited efficient knockdown potency in vitro and enhanced stability in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsuke Hayashi
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Ochi
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kota Senpuku
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Wada
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Fumito Wada
- National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Hidehito Urata
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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50
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Su C, Lin D, Huang X, Feng J, Jin A, Wang F, Lv Q, Lei L, Pan W. Developing hydrogels for gene therapy and tissue engineering. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:182. [PMID: 38622684 PMCID: PMC11017488 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a class of highly absorbent and easily modified polymer materials suitable for use as slow-release carriers for drugs. Gene therapy is highly specific and can overcome the limitations of traditional tissue engineering techniques and has significant advantages in tissue repair. However, therapeutic genes are often affected by cellular barriers and enzyme sensitivity, and carrier loading of therapeutic genes is essential. Therapeutic gene hydrogels can well overcome these difficulties. Moreover, gene-therapeutic hydrogels have made considerable progress. This review summarizes the recent research on carrier gene hydrogels for the treatment of tissue damage through a summary of the most current research frontiers. We initially introduce the classification of hydrogels and their cross-linking methods, followed by a detailed overview of the types and modifications of therapeutic genes, a detailed discussion on the loading of therapeutic genes in hydrogels and their characterization features, a summary of the design of hydrogels for therapeutic gene release, and an overview of their applications in tissue engineering. Finally, we provide comments and look forward to the shortcomings and future directions of hydrogels for gene therapy. We hope that this article will provide researchers in related fields with more comprehensive and systematic strategies for tissue engineering repair and further promote the development of the field of hydrogels for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Dini Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Jiayin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Anqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Qizhuang Lv
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Wenjie Pan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China.
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