1
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Zhang X, Wu X, Chen R, Xu QH. A triazine-based covalent organic framework decorated with cadmium sulfide for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:100-108. [PMID: 38518422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Construction of inorganic/organic heterostructures has been proven to be a very promising strategy to design highly efficient photocatalysts for solar driven hydrogen evolution from water. Herein, we report the preparation of a direct Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst by in situ growth of cadmium sulfide on a triazine-based covalent organic framework (COF). The triazine based-COF was synthesized by condensation reaction of precursors 1,3,5-tris-(4-formyl-phenyl) triazine (TFPT) and 2,5-bis-(3-hydroxypropoxy) terephthalohydrazide (DHTH), termed as TFPT-DHTH-COF. Widely distributed nitrogen atoms throughout TFPT-DHTH-COF skeletons serve as anchoring sites for strong interfacial interactions with CdS. The CdS/TFPT-DHTH-COF composite showed a hydrogen evolution rate of 15.75 mmol h-1 g-1, which is about 75 times higher than that of TFPT-DHTH-COF (0.21 mmol h-1 g-1) and 3.4 times higher than that of CdS (4.57 mmol h-1 g-1). With the properly staggered band alignment and strong interfacial interaction between TFPT-DHTH-COF and CdS, a Z-scheme charge transfer pathway is achieved. The mechanism has been systematically analyzed by steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements as well as in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rufan Chen
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Qing-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China.
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2
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Wu W, Li Z, Liu S, Zhang D, Cai B, Liang Y, Wu M, Liao Y, Zhao X. Pyridine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Pyridyl-Imine Structures for Boosting Photocatalytic H 2O 2 Production via One-Step 2e - Oxygen Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404563. [PMID: 38565431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Bipyridine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising contenders for the photocatalytic generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the presence of imine nitrogen alters the mode of H2O2 generation from an efficient one-step two-electron (2e-) route to a two-step 2e- oxygen reduction pathway. In this work, we introduce 3,3'-bipyridine units into imine-based COF skeletons, creating a pyridyl-imine structure with two adjacent nitrogen atoms between the pyridine ring and imine linkage. This unique bipyridine-like architecture can effectively suppress the two-step 2e- ORR process at the single imine-nitrogen site, facilitating a more efficient one-step 2e- pathway. Consequently, the optimized pyridyl-imine COF (PyIm-COF) exhibits a remarkable H2O2 production rate of up to 5850 μmol h-1 g-1, nearly double that of pristine bipyridine COFs. This work provides valuable insight into the rational design of functionalized COFs for enhanced H2O2 production in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Shiyin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Bingzi Cai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yizhao Liang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
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3
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Jiang Q, Liu Z, Wang X, Ma H, Pang H. Enhanced performance of a Na 3.5Co 4[Bi 2Co 2W 19.75O 70(H 2O) 6]/porous graphitic carbon nitride heterojunction based photocatalyst realized by the addition of copper sulfide nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38804874 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution can effectively solve the global energy problem, in which the key factor is the synthesis of efficient photocatalytic materials. In this study, we successfully synthesized a novel photocatalyst, BiWCo/CuS/PGCN, by functionalizing porous graphitic carbon nitride (PGCN) with sandwich-type polyoxometalate Na3.5Co4[Bi2Co2W19.75O70(H2O)6]·39.5H2O (BiWCo) and introducing copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles as a cocatalyst. This approach was aimed at enhancing the built inner electric field between interfaces, resulting in a significant improvement in photocatalytic H2 evolution performance. This research adopts a step-by-step method to synthesize BiWCo/CuS/PGCN composites with p-n heterojunctions, which has high visible light absorption and a synergistic effect of multiple elements. PGCN with a high specific surface area contributes to the uniform distribution of active sites. In addition, the nano-CuS cocatalyst provides abundant active sites and more electron transfer pathways for photocatalysis. Therefore, the H2 production efficiency of BiWCo/CuS/PGCN is 6.3 times that of PGCN, 4.5 times that of BiWCo and 2.5 times that of BiWCo/PGCN under visible light. The H2 production rate of BiWCo/CuS/PGCN reaches 3477.58 μmol g-1 h-1. At the same time, the ternary photocatalyst shows high stability after 30 hours and 5 cycles. This work demonstrates that BiWCo/CuS/PGCN has good application prospects in H2 evolution, and provides a new strategy for the design of efficient ternary photocatalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Zhuopeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Xinming Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Huiyuan Ma
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Haijun Pang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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4
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Yan Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Lu Z, Peng Y, Chen Z, Xu Q. Linkage-Mediated Electronic Structure Modulation in Multicomponent Covalent Organic Frameworks for Dramatically Promoted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2024:e202401122. [PMID: 38749913 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Linkage chemistry is an essential aspect to covalent organic framework (COF) applications; it is highly desirable to precisely modulate electronic structure mediated directly by linkage for efficient COF-based photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, which however, remains substantially challenging. Herein, as a proof of concept, a collection of robust multicomponent pyrene-based COFs with abundant donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions has been judiciously designed and synthesized through molecularly engineering linkage for photogeneration of hydrogen. Controlled locking and conversion of linkage critically contribute to continuously regulating COFs' electronic structures further to optimize photocatalytic activities. Remarkably, the well-modulated optoelectronic properties turn on the average hydrogen evolution rate from zero to 15.67 mmol g-1 h-1 by the protonated quinoline-linked COF decorated with the trifluoromethyl group (TT-PQCOF-CF3). Using diversified spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, we show that multiple modifications toward linkage synergistically lead to the redistribution of charge on COFs with extended π-conjugation and reinforced D-A effect, making TT-PQCOF-CF3 a promising material with significantly boosted carrier separation and migration. This study provides important guidance for the design of high-performance COF photocatalysts based on the strategy of linkage-mediated electronic structure modulation in COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yanming Zhao
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xikai Chen
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14621, United States
| | - Yunlei Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China, University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Zongwei Chen
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
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5
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Chen LX, Yano J. Deciphering Photoinduced Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms in Natural and Artificial Photosynthetic Systems on Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales Using X-ray Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5421-5469. [PMID: 38663009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Utilization of renewable energies for catalytically generating value-added chemicals is highly desirable in this era of rising energy demands and climate change impacts. Artificial photosynthetic systems or photocatalysts utilize light to convert abundant CO2, H2O, and O2 to fuels, such as carbohydrates and hydrogen, thus converting light energy to storable chemical resources. The emergence of intense X-ray pulses from synchrotrons, ultrafast X-ray pulses from X-ray free electron lasers, and table-top laser-driven sources over the past decades opens new frontiers in deciphering photoinduced catalytic reaction mechanisms on the multiple temporal and spatial scales. Operando X-ray spectroscopic methods offer a new set of electronic transitions in probing the oxidation states, coordinating geometry, and spin states of the metal catalytic center and photosensitizers with unprecedented energy and time resolution. Operando X-ray scattering methods enable previously elusive reaction steps to be characterized on different length scales and time scales. The methodological progress and their application examples collected in this review will offer a glimpse into the accomplishments and current state in deciphering reaction mechanisms for both natural and synthetic systems. Looking forward, there are still many challenges and opportunities at the frontier of catalytic research that will require further advancement of the characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin X Chen
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Auras F, Ascherl L, Bon V, Vornholt SM, Krause S, Döblinger M, Bessinger D, Reuter S, Chapman KW, Kaskel S, Friend RH, Bein T. Dynamic two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01527-8. [PMID: 38702406 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enable the realization of functional materials with molecular precision. Past research has typically focused on generating rigid frameworks where structural and optoelectronic properties are static. Here we report dynamic two-dimensional (2D) COFs that can open and close their pores upon uptake or removal of guests while retaining their crystalline long-range order. Constructing dynamic, yet crystalline and robust frameworks requires a well-controlled degree of flexibility. We have achieved this through a 'wine rack' design where rigid π-stacked columns of perylene diimides are interconnected by non-stacked, flexible bridges. The resulting COFs show stepwise phase transformations between their respective contracted-pore and open-pore conformations with up to 40% increase in unit-cell volume. This variable geometry provides a handle for introducing stimuli-responsive optoelectronic properties. We illustrate this by demonstrating switchable optical absorption and emission characteristics, which approximate 'null-aggregates' with monomer-like behaviour in the contracted COFs. This work provides a design strategy for dynamic 2D COFs that are potentially useful for realizing stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Auras
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Laura Ascherl
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Simon M Vornholt
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Simon Krause
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Nanochemistry Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Derya Bessinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Reuter
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Karena W Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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7
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Aitchison CM, Gonzalez-Carrero S, Yao S, Benkert M, Ding Z, Young NP, Willner B, Moruzzi F, Lin Y, Tian J, Nellist PD, Durrant JR, McCulloch I. Templated 2D Polymer Heterojunctions for Improved Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300037. [PMID: 37165538 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
2D polymers have emerged as one of the most promising classes of organic photocatalysts for solar fuel production due to their tunability, charge-transport properties, and robustness. They are however difficult to process and so there are limited studies into the formation of heterojunction materials incorporating these components. In this work, a novel templating approach is used to combine an imine-based donor polymer and an acceptor polymer formed through Knoevenagel condensation. Heterojunction formation is shown to be highly dependent on the topological match of the donor and acceptor polymers with the most active templated material found to be between three and nine times more active for photocatalysis than its constituent components. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that this improvement is due to faster charge separation and more efficient charge extraction in the templated heterojunction. The templated material shows a very high hydrogen evolution rate of >20 mmol h-1 m-2 with an ascorbic acid hole scavenger but also produces hydrogen in the presence of only water and a cobalt-based redox mediator. This suggests the improved charge-separation interface and reduced trapping accessed through this approach could be suitable for Z-scheme formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Aitchison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Soranyel Gonzalez-Carrero
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shilin Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Max Benkert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Zhiyuan Ding
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Neil P Young
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Benjamin Willner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Floriana Moruzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Junfu Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Peter D Nellist
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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8
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Bommakanti S, Nath S, Panda R, Panda SN, Mohapatra J, Puthukkudi A, Rajput CV, Anwar S, Das R, Biswal BP. Octupolar Cyclotriphosphazene-Cored Self-Standing Covalent Organic Framework Membranes as Nonlinear Optical Materials: Impact of Linkage Types and Material Forms. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:4965-4975. [PMID: 38690787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated and processable self-standing vinylene-linked covalent organic framework membranes (COFMs) are highly demanding for photonics and optoelectronics. In this work, we have fabricated the first cyclotriphosphazene (CTP) cored vinylene-linked self-standing COFM (CTP-PDAN). For comparison purposes, we have successfully fabricated the imine-linked congener (CTP-PDA). Leveraging the inherent nonlinear optical (NLO) response of the CTP core, both membranes were directly mounted to evaluate NLO parameters using the open-aperture (OA) Z-scan technique. Direct measurement of NLO responses on membranes is advantageous and free from solvent and scattering effects, making it a more practical approach compared to the conventional dispersion mode. The OA Z-scan transmission yields a reverse saturable absorption signature exhibiting a higher NLO absorption coefficient (β) of 58.37 cm/GW for CTP-PDAN, compared to that of the imine-linked CTP-PDA COFM (β = 8.5 cm/GW). These results can be correlated to the efficient conjugation through the vinylene linkage in CTP-PDAN compared to the imine linked congener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Bommakanti
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Satyapriya Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Rudrashish Panda
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Sankalpa N Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Jeebanjyoti Mohapatra
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Adithyan Puthukkudi
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Chetan V Rajput
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Sharmistha Anwar
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Ritwick Das
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Optics and Photonics Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Bishnu P Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
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9
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Li S, Huber N, Huang W, Wei W, Landfester K, Ferguson CTJ, Zhao Y, Zhang KAI. Triazine Frameworks for the Photocatalytic Selective Oxidation of Toluene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400101. [PMID: 38407424 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Investigations into the selective oxidation of inert sp3 C-H bonds using polymer photocatalysts under mild conditions have been limited. Additionally, the structure-activity relationship of photocatalysts often remains insufficiently explored. Here, a series of thiophene-based covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are used for the efficient and selective oxidation of hydrocarbons to aldehydes or ketones under ambient aerobic conditions. Spectroscopic methods conducted in situ and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the sulfur atoms within the thiophene units play a pivotal role as oxidation sites due to the generation of photogenerated holes. The effect of photogenerated holes on photocatalytic toluene oxidation was investigated by varying the length of the spacer in a CTF donor-acceptor based photocatalyst. Furthermore, the manipulation of reactive oxygen species was employed to enhance selectivity by weakening the peroxidative capacity. As an illustrative example, this study successfully demonstrated the synthesis of a precursor of the neurological drug AMG-579 using a photocatalytic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Niklas Huber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wei Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wenxin Wei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kai A I Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Wang M, Lv H, Dong B, He W, Yuan D, Wang X, Wang R. Photoelectron Migration Boosted by Hollow Double-Shell Dyads Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401969. [PMID: 38372671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen production based on noble metal-free systems is a promising technology for the conversion of solar energy into green hydrogen, it is pivotal and challenging to tailor-make photocatalysts for achieving high photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, we reported a hollow double-shell dyad through uniformly coating covalent organic frameworks (COFs) on the surface of hollow Co9S8. The double shell architecture enhances the scattering and refraction efficiency of incident light, shortens the transmission distance of the photogenerated charge carriers, and exposes more active sites for photocatalytic conversion. The hydrogen evolution rate is as high as 23.15 mmol g-1 h-1, which is significantly enhanced when compared with that of their physical mixture (0.30 mmol g-1 h-1) and Pt-based counterpart (11.84 mmol g-1 h-1). This work provides a rational approach to the construction of noble-metal-free photocatalytic systems based on COFs to enhance hydrogen evolution performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300130, Tianjin, China
| | - Haowei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Beibei Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300130, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhao He
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300130, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruihu Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300130, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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11
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Wang Y, Qiao Z, Li H, Zhang R, Xiang Z, Cao D, Wang S. Molecular Engineering for Modulating Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Fully Conjugated 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404726. [PMID: 38622997 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently shown great potential for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Currently almost all reports are focused on two-dimensional (2D) COFs, while the 3D counterparts are rarely explored due to their non-conjugated frameworks derived from the sp3 carbon based tetrahedral building blocks. Here, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of fully conjugated 3D COFs by using the saddle-shaped cyclooctatetrathiophene derivative as the building block. Through molecular engineering strategies, we thoroughly discussed the influences of key factors including the donor-acceptor structure, hydrophilicity, specific surface areas, as well as the conjugated/non-conjugated structures on their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties. The as-synthesized fully conjugated 3D COFs could generate the hydrogen up to 40.36 mmol h-1 g-1. This is the first report on intrinsic metal-free 3D COFs in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution application. Our work provides insight on the structure design of 3D COFs for highly-efficient photocatalysis, and also reveals that the semiconducting fully conjugated 3D COFs could be a useful platform in clear energy-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zelong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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12
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Yao L, Pütz AM, Vignolo-González H, Lotsch BV. Covalent Organic Frameworks as Single-Site Photocatalysts for Solar-to-Fuel Conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9479-9492. [PMID: 38547041 PMCID: PMC11009957 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Single-site photocatalysts (SSPCs) are well-established as potent platforms for designing innovative materials to accomplish direct solar-to-fuel conversion. Compared to classical inorganic porous materials, such as zeolites and silica, covalent organic frameworks (COFs)─an emerging class of porous polymers that combine high surface areas, structural diversity, and chemical stability─are attractive candidates for SSPCs due to their molecular-level precision and intrinsic light harvesting ability, both amenable to structural engineering. In this Perspective, we summarize the design concepts and state-of-the-art strategies for the construction of COF SSPCs, and we review the development of COF SSPCs and their applications in solar-to-fuel conversion from their inception. Underlying pitfalls concerning photocatalytic characterization are discussed, and perspectives for the future development of this burgeoning field are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yao
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander M. Pütz
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hugo Vignolo-González
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- E-Conversion
and Center for Nanoscience, Lichtenbergstraße 4a, Garching, 85748 Munich, Germany
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13
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Guo Y, Sun J, Guo T, Liu Y, Yao Z. Emerging Light-Harvesting Materials Based on Organic Photovoltaic D/A Heterojunctions for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319664. [PMID: 38240469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen is a highly promising method to meet the surging energy consumption globally through the environmentally friendly means. As the initial step before photocatalysis, harvesting photons from sunlight is crucially important, thus making the design of photosensitizers with visible even near-infrared (NIR) absorptions get more and more attentions. In the past three years, organic donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunctions with absorptions extending to 950 nm, have emerged as the new star light-harvesting materials for photocatalytic water splitting, demonstrating exciting advantages over inorganic materials in solar light utilization, hydrogen yielding rate, etc. This Minireview firstly gives a brief discussion about the principle processes and determining factors for photocatalytic water splitting with organic photovoltaic D/A heterojunction as photosensitizers. Thereafter, the current progress is summarized in details by introducing typical and excellent D/A heterojunction-based photocatalytic systems. Finally, not only the great prospects but also the most challenging issues confronted by organic D/A heterojunctions are indicated along with a perspective on the opportunities and new directions for future material explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jiayuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Tao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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14
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Liu Y, Huang S, Huang X, Ma D. Enhanced photocatalysis of metal/covalent organic frameworks by plasmonic nanoparticles and homo/hetero-junctions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1611-1637. [PMID: 38294286 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01645e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered attention in photocatalysis due to their unique features including extensive surface area, adjustable pores, and the ability to incorporate various functional groups. However, challenges such as limited visible light absorption and rapid electron-hole recombination often hinder their photocatalytic efficiency. Recent developments have introduced plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and junctions to enhance the photocatalytic performance of MOFs/COFs. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in MOF/COF-based photocatalysts improved by integration of plasmonic NPs and junctions. We begin by examining the utilization of plasmonic NPs, known for absorbing longer-wavelength light compared to typical MOFs/COFs. These NPs exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) when excited, effectively enhancing the photocatalytic performance of MOFs/COFs. Moreover, we discuss the role of homo/hetero-junctions in facilitating charge separation, further boosting the photocatalytic performance of MOFs/COFs. The mechanisms behind the improved photocatalytic performance of these composites are discussed, along with an assessment of challenges and opportunities in the field, guiding future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Énergie Matériauxet Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifque (INRS), 1650 Bd Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada.
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earths, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max-Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Dongling Ma
- Énergie Matériauxet Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifque (INRS), 1650 Bd Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada.
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15
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Ma S, Hou Y, Yang L, Yue H, Xia H, Liu X. Fully Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets for Visible-Light-Driven Organic Synthesis in Water. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400315. [PMID: 38538541 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets have recently garnered great attention as a new class of functional materials. As one of the sustainable processes, however, the photocatalytic organic synthesis in water has not been investigated using COF nanosheets as a photocatalyst to date. Herein, we reported the synthesis of a fully conjugated COF nanosheets with carboxyl functional group through a cooperative strategy of chemical exfoliation and group transformation. The new COF nanosheets was found to be an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst for a wide range of organic synthesis including selective oxidation of sulfides and oxidative coupling of benzylamines in water under visible-light illumination. This work contributes a new roadmap for the design and synthesis of functional COF-based nanosheets, but also further extends the application boundary of the ultrathin COF nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, R.P., China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, R.P., China
| | - Liuliu Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, R.P., China
| | - Huijuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, R.P., China
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16
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Gu CC, Ni CQ, Wu RJ, Deng L, Zou J, Li H, Tong CY, Xu FH, Weng BC, Zhu RL. Donor-acceptor moiety functionalized covalent organic frameworks for boosting charge separation and H 2 photogeneration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:450-458. [PMID: 38118191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have a broad prospect to be used as a photocatalytic platform to convert solar energy into valuable chemicals due to their tunable structures and rich active catalytic sites. However, constructing COFs with tuned sp2-carbon donor-acceptor moiety remains an enormous challenge. Herein, we synthesized two new fully π-conjugated cyano-ethylene-linked COFs containing benzotrithiophene as functional group by Knoevenagel polycondensation reaction. The accetpor 2,2'-bipyridine unit in BTT-BpyDAN-COF skeleton favored the formation of a intermolecular specific electron transport pathway with the donor benzotrithiophene, and thereby promoted charge separation and transfer efficiency. Specifically, a donor-acceptor (D-A) type BTT-BpyDAN-COF exhibited high hydrogen evolution rate of 10.1 mmol g-1h-1 and an excellent apparent quantum efficiency of 4.83 % under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Gu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chen-Quan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Run-Juan Wu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hao Li
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chun-Yi Tong
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Feng-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bai-Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Ri-Long Zhu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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17
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Zhang Y, Wang G. A novel ethylene linkage-based covalent organic framework for turn-on fluorescence sensing for Al 3+ with excellent selectivity and sensitivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130195. [PMID: 38360244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic Framework (COFs) has become a new platform for functional research and material design. A novel covalent organic framework (CN-COF) was first synthesized with p-xylylene dicyanide and 2-hydroxy-1,3,5-benzenetrialdehyde through the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. CN-COF is a porous crystal material with strong thermal and chemical stability. CN-COF exhibits a selective "turn-on" fluorescence response to Al3+ in ethanol with blue-shifted emission spectra over the other tested metal ions. The color changes from pink to earth yellow, and the fluorescence effect is clearly visible. The fluorescence intensity of CN-COF was linearly related to the concentration of Al3+, and the detection limit was 1.815 μM. Importantly, CN-COF exhibits a satisfactory recovery for detecting Al3+ in drinking water and fish samples. CN-COF also showed the intuitive semi-quantitative detection ability for Al3+ via the color change with the naked eyes. The special pore structure is conducive to allow Al3+ enter to coordinate with O and N atoms on the wall of CN-COF scaffold. The revisable fluorescence change upon the selective addition of Al3+ and XRD, EDTA, XPS and DFT results demonstrated the complex process. The inhibition of the photoinduced electron transition from O atoms to Al3+ induced the fluorescence enhancement. This study not only presents a synthesis idea for a new structural organic framework, but also offers a highly selective and sensitive fluorescence chemical sensor for the identification and detection of Al3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
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18
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Han J, Feng J, Kang J, Chen JM, Du XY, Ding SY, Liang L, Wang W. Fast growth of single-crystal covalent organic frameworks for laboratory x-ray diffraction. Science 2024; 383:1014-1019. [PMID: 38422145 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk8680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The imine-exchange strategy makes single-crystal growth of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with large size (>15 microns) possible but is a time-consuming process (15 to 80 days) that has had limited success (six examples) and restricts structural characterization to synchrotron-radiation sources for x-ray diffraction studies. We developed a CF3COOH/CF3CH2NH2 protocol to harvest single-crystal COFs within 1 to 2 days with crystal sizes of up to 150 microns. The generality was exemplified by the feasible growth of 16 high-quality single-crystal COFs that were structurally determined by laboratory single-crystal x-ray diffraction with resolutions of up to 0.79 angstroms. The structures obtained included uncommon interpenetration of networks, and the details of the structural evolution of conformational isomers and host-guest interaction could be determined at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jia Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jie-Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xin-Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - San-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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19
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Wang L, Zhu W. Organic Donor-Acceptor Systems for Photocatalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307227. [PMID: 38145342 PMCID: PMC10933655 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor materials are considered to be promising photocatalysts due to their excellent light absorption by chromophores, easy molecular structure tuning, and solution-processable properties. In particular, donor-acceptor (D-A) type organic photocatalytic materials synthesized by introducing D and A units intra- or intermolecularly, have made great progress in photocatalytic studies. More and more studies have demonstrated that the D-A type organic photocatalytic materials combine effective carrier separation, tunable bandgap, and sensitive optoelectronic response, and are considered to be an effective strategy for enhancing light absorption, improving exciton dissociation, and optimizing carrier transport. This review provides a thorough overview of D-A strategies aimed at optimizing the photocatalytic performance of organic semiconductors. Initially, essential methods for modifying organic photocatalytic materials, such as interface engineering, crystal engineering, and interaction modulation, are briefly discussed. Subsequently, the review delves into various organic photocatalytic materials based on intramolecular and intermolecular D-A interactions, encompassing small molecules, conjugated polymers, crystalline polymers, supramolecules, and organic heterojunctions. Meanwhile, the energy band structures, exciton dynamics, and redox-active sites of D-A type organic photocatalytic materials under different bonding modes are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the advanced applications of organic photocatalystsand outlines prospective challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated CircuitsMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Weigang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated CircuitsMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
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20
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Lin Z, Liu S, Weng W, Wang C, Guo J. Photostimulated Covalent Linkage Transformation Isomerizing Covalent Organic Frameworks for Improved Photocatalytic Performances. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307138. [PMID: 37875766 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a desirable platform to explore multichoromophoric arrays for photocatalytic conversion. Symmetric arrangement of choromophoric modules over π-extended frameworks enhances exciton delocalization while impairing excitation density and accordingly photochemical reactivity. Herein, a photoisomerization-driven strategy is proposed to break the excited-state symmetry of ketoenamine-linked COFs with multichoromophoric arrays. Incorporating electron-withdrawing benzothiadiazole facilitates the ultrafast excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) from enamine to keto within 140 fs, resulting in partially enolized COF isomers. The hybrid linkages containing imine and enamine bonds at the node of framework alter the symmetry of electronic structure and enforce the photoinduced charge separation. Increasing the imine-to-enamine ratio further promotes the electron transferred number in a long range, thereby affording the optimum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate. This work put forward an ESIPT-induced photoisomerization to build a symmetry-breaking COF with weakened exciton effect and enhanced photochemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Weijun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Changchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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21
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Ge S, Cai Y, Deng L, Jin M, Qu X, Liu H, Wang H, Wang B. Constructing Heptazine-COF@TiO 2 Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Efficient Photodegradation of Acetaminophen under Visible Light. Chempluschem 2024:e202400139. [PMID: 38470161 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Constructing heterojunction photocatalysts are widely applied to boost the photocatalytic activity of materials. Here, a novel covalent organic framework (COF) material with heptazine units was developed and hybridized with TiO2 nano particles (NPs) to fabricate the Heptazine-COF@TiO2 photocatalysts for acetaminophen (AAP) photodegradation. The successfully assembled heptazine unit endows the Heptazine-COF with outstanding semiconductor property (optical bandgap is 2.53 eV). The synthesized Heptazine-COF@TiO2 hybrids is proved to have the heterojunction structure with high visible light activity and fast charge-carrier mobility, and exhibits better performance in photodegradation of AAP under visible light. The excellent photodegradation efficiency (rate constant: 0.758 min-1 ) and high reusability (rate constant: 0.452 min-1 in the 6th cycles) of the optimized sample outperform the traditional inorganic photocatalysts and other heterojunction photocatalysts. In addition, these photocatalysts present universal degradation activity for other dyes and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yixiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lili Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mengtian Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China
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22
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Qiu J, Meng K, Zhang Y, Cheng B, Zhang J, Wang L, Yu J. COF/In 2 S 3 S-Scheme Photocatalyst with Enhanced Light Absorption and H 2 O 2 -Production Activity and fs-TA Investigation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2400288. [PMID: 38411357 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) synthesis from water and O2 is an economical, eco-friendly, and sustainable route for H2 O2 production. However, single-component photocatalysts are subjected to limited light-harvesting range, fast carrier recombination, and weak redox power. To promote photogenerated carrier separation and enhance redox abilities, an organic/inorganic S-scheme photocatalyst is fabricated by in situ growing In2 S3 nanosheets on a covalent organic framwork (COF) substrate for efficient H2 O2 production in pure water. Interestingly, compared to unitary COF and In2 S3 , the COF/In2 S3 S-scheme photocatalysts exhibit significantly larger light-harvesting range and stronger visible-light absorption. Partial density of state calculation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveal that the coordination between In2 S3 and COF induces the formation of mid-gap hybrid energy levels, leading to smaller energy gaps and broadened absorption. Combining electron spin resonance spectroscopy, radical-trapping experiments, and isotope labeling experiments, three pathways for H2 O2 formation are identified. Benefited from expanded light-absorption range, enhanced carrier separation, strong redox power, and multichannel H2 O2 formation, the optimal composite shows an impressive H2 O2 -production rate of 5713.2 µmol g-1 h-1 in pure water. This work exemplifies an effective strategy to ameliorate COF-based photocatalysts by building S-scheme heterojunctions and provides molecular-level insights into their impact on energy level modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Kai Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, P. R. China
| | - Bei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng St, Wuhan, 430078, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Wang
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng St, Wuhan, 430078, P. R. China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng St, Wuhan, 430078, P. R. China
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23
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Shahmirzaee M, Nagai A. An Appraisal for Providing Charge Transfer (CT) Through Synthetic Porous Frameworks for their Semiconductor Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2307828. [PMID: 38368249 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable focus on the development of charge transfer (CT) complex formation as a means to modify the band gaps of organic materials. In particular, CT complexes alternate layers of aromatic molecules with donor (D) and acceptor (A) properties to provide inherent electrical conductivity. In particular, the synthetic porous frameworks as attractive D-A components have been extensively studied in recent years in comparison to existing D-A materials. Therefore, in this work, the synthetic porous frameworks are classified into conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and compare high-quality materials for CT in semiconductors. This work updates the overview of the above porous frameworks for CT, starting with their early history regarding their semiconductor applications, and lists CT concepts and selected key developments in their CT complexes and CT composites. In addition, the network formation methods and their functionalization are discussed to provide access to a variety of potential applications. Furthermore, several theoretical investigations, efficiency improvement techniques, and a discussion of the electrical conductivity of the porous frameworks are also highlighted. Finally, a perspective of synthetic porous framework studies on CT performance is provided along with some comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- ENSEMBLE 3 - Centre of Excellence, Warsaw, 01-919, Poland
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24
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Ding C, Xie X, Chen L, Troisi A. Intuitive and Efficient Approach to Determine the Band Structure of Covalent Organic Frameworks from Their Chemical Constituents. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:1252-1262. [PMID: 38305003 PMCID: PMC10867833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The optical, electronic, and (photo) catalytic properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are largely determined by their electronic structure and, specifically, by their Frontier conduction and valence bands (VBs). In this work, we establish a transparent relationship between the periodic electronic structure of the COFs and the orbital characteristics of their individual molecular building units, a relationship that is challenging to unravel through conventional solid-state calculations. As a demonstration, we applied our method to five COFs with distinct framework topologies. Our approach successfully predicts their first-principles conduction and VBs by expressing them as a linear combination of the Frontier molecular orbitals localized on the COF fragments. We demonstrate that our method allows for the rapid exploration of the impact of chemical modifications on the band structures of COFs, making it highly suitable for further application in the quest to discover new functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Ding
- School
of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
| | - Linjiang Chen
- School
of Chemistry and School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
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25
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Li X, Pang H, Zhu Y, Xiang Y, Hu J, Huang D. Enhanced protonation ability of covalent organic frameworks via N, O-bidentate chelation for photocatalytic H 2 evolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1782-1785. [PMID: 38252554 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05558b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the bidentate coordination chemistry of metal ions, we incorporated hydroxyl (OH) and methoxy (OMe) groups into the skeleton of imine-linked COFs to improve their protonation ability via intramolecular hydrogen bonds (O-H⋯NC). In comparison with the pristine COFs possessing monodentate nitrogen coordination sites, OH and OMe functionalized COFs with (N,O)-bidentate chelating sites exhibited up to 13.8 times faster photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates (HERs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Patent Examination Cooperation (Tianjin) Center of the Patent Office, Tianjin 300300, P. R. China
| | - Huaji Pang
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Xiang
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiang Hu
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Dekang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
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26
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Yang MY, Zhang SB, Zhang M, Li ZH, Liu YF, Liao X, Lu M, Li SL, Lan YQ. Three-Motif Molecular Junction Type Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3396-3404. [PMID: 38266485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with the features of flexible structure regulation and easy introduction of functional groups, have aroused broad interest in the field of photocatalysis. However, due to the low light absorption intensity, low photoelectron conversion efficiency, and lack of suitable active sites, it remains a great challenge to achieve efficient photocatalytic aerobic oxidation reactions. Herein, based on reticular chemistry, we rationally designed a series of three-motif molecular junction type COFs, which formed dual photosensitizer coupled redox molecular junctions containing multifunctional COF photocatalysts. Significantly, due to the strong light adsorption ability of dual photosensitizer units and integrated oxidation and reduction features, the PY-BT COF exhibited the highest activity for photocatalytic aerobic oxidation. Especially, it achieved a photocatalytic benzylamine conversion efficiency of 99.9% in 2.5 h, which is much higher than that of the two-motif molecular junctions with only one photosensitizer or redox unit lacking COFs. The mechanism of selective aerobic oxidation was studied through comprehensive experiments and density functional theory calculations. The results showed that the photoinduced electron transfer occurred from PY and then through triphenylamine to BT. Furthermore, the thermodynamics energy for benzylamine oxidation on PY-BT COF was much lower than that for others, which confirmed the synergistic effect of dual photosensitizer coupled redox molecular junction COFs. This work provided a new strategy for the design of functional COFs with three-motif molecular junctions and also represented a new insight into the multifunctional COFs for organic catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Yang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuai-Bing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Mi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Meng Lu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Li Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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27
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Doraghi F, Amini A, Ghanbarlou M, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Metal-free 2-isocyanobiaryl-based cyclization reactions: phenanthridine framework synthesis. Mol Divers 2024; 28:419-435. [PMID: 37847467 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of transition metal-free 2-isocyanobiaryl-based reactions has received much attention due to the widespread presence of phenanthidine frameworks as products in pharmacological chemistry and materials science. This review article focuses on the achievements from 2013 until now in various metal-free catalyzed reactions and discusses challenging mechanisms and features of the transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Doraghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Amini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghanbarlou
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Cheng J, Wu Y, Zhang W, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhou M, Fan F, Wu X, Xu H. Fully Conjugated 2D sp 2 Carbon-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305313. [PMID: 37818737 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold great promise for solar-driven hydrogen production. However, metal-free COFs for photocatalytic overall water splitting remain elusive, primarily due to challenges in simultaneously regulating their band structures and catalytic sites to enable concurrent half-reactions. Herein, two types of π-conjugated COFs containing the same donor-acceptor structure are constructed via Knoevenagel condensation and Schiff base reaction to afford cyanovinylene- and imine-bridged COFs, respectively. The difference in the linkage leads to a remarkable difference in their photocatalytic activity toward water splitting. The 2D sp2 carbon-linked COF exhibits notable activity for photocatalytic overall water splitting, which can reach an apparent quantum efficiency of 2.53% at 420 nm. In contrast, the 2D imine-linked COF cannot catalyze the overall water-splitting reaction. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the cyanovinylene linkage is essential in modulating the band structure and promoting charge separation in COFs, thereby enabling overall water splitting. Moreover, it is further shown that crystallinity substantially impacts the photocatalytic performance of COFs. This study represents the first successful example of developing metal-free COFs with high crystallinity for photocatalytic overall water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Chean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Chean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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29
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Yang S, Meng F, Li X, Fu Y, Xu Q, Zhang F. Tuning the Pyridine Units in Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks Boosting 2e - Oxygen Reduction Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2308801. [PMID: 38295007 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The N-doped carbon materials are supposed to be the efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with the undefined N-doped carbon ring groups. It is essential to well define the role of the nitrogen atoms of these carbon structures in active behavior. Even though, the covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with precise structures are well developed, but unable to exclude the polar linkages influence. This study presents a series of pyridine-containing COFs linked via nonpolar carbon-carbon double bonds (C = C). Their catalytic activity and selectivity for 2e- ORR are successfully modulated by locating the embedded pyridine nitrogen in the backbones through the linking modes of pyridine moieties within the frameworks. Such phenomena can be attributed to their different binding abilities toward O2 , leading to the different binding strength of the intermediate OH* to the catalytic sites, also verified by the theoretical calculation. This work provides us a new insight to design high-efficiency ORR catalysts through the exact location of pyridine nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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30
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Chen Y, He Q, Liu Y, Wang Q, He C, Liu S. Size-controllable synthesis of large-size spherical 3D covalent organic frameworks as efficient on-line solid-phase extraction sorbents coupled to HPLC. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342061. [PMID: 38182368 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have found promising applications in separation fields due to their large surface area and high adsorption capacity, but the exiting COFs can not be directly used as the packing materials of on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled to HPLC and HPLC because their nano/submicron size or irregular shapes might cause ultrahigh column back pressure and low column efficiency. To synthesize the large-size spherical COFs larger than 3 μm as sorbents might be able to address these problems, however it is still a great challenge till now. RESULTS In this work, two large-size spherical 3D COFs (COF-320 and COF-300) were size-controllably synthesized within 10-90 μm via a two-step strategy. These two spherical COFs showed large surface area, fine crystallinity, good chemical/mechanical stability, and good reproducibility. As an application case, when used as the on-line SPE sorbents coupled to HPLC, the large-size spherical COF-320 displayed high binding capacity for bisphenol F (Qmax of 452.49 mg/g), low column back pressure (6-8 psi at flow rate of 1 mL/min), and good reusability (at least 30 cycles). The developed on-line-SPE-HPLC-UV method presented good analytical performance with enrichment factor of 667 folds, linear range of 1.0-400 ng/mL, limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of 0.3 ng/mL, limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) of 1.0 ng/mL, and recoveries of 100.3-103.2 % (RSDs of 2.0-3.5 %) and 95.2-97.0 % (RSDs of 4.3-5.6 %) for tap water and lake water samples, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first case to synthesize the large-size spherical COFs within 10-90 μm, and this work made it possible to directly use COFs as the filling materials of on-line SPE coupled to HPLC and HPLC. The developed analytical method can be potentially applied to the rapid and sensitive detection of trace bisphenol F in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Qiong He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Chiyang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
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31
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Hua Z, Wu B, Zhang Y, Wang C, Dong T, Song Y, Jiang Y, Wang C. Efficient Charge Separation and Transport in Fullerene-CuPcOC 8 Donor-Acceptor Nanorod Enhancing Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:256. [PMID: 38334527 PMCID: PMC10856716 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen generation via water decomposition is a promising avenue in the pursuit of large-scale, cost-effective renewable hydrogen energy generation. However, the design of an efficient photocatalyst plays a crucial role in achieving high yields in hydrogen generation. Herein, we have engineered a fullerene-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa(octyloxy)copper phthalocyanine (C60-CuPcOC8) photocatalyst, achieving both efficient hydrogen generation and high stability. The significant donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions facilitate the efficient electron transfer from CuPcOC8 to C60. The rate of photocatalytic hydrogen generation for C60-CuPcOC8 is 8.32 mmol·g-1·h-1, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the individual C60 and CuPcOC8. The remarkable increase in hydrogen generation activity can be attributed to the development of a robust internal electric field within the C60-CuPcOC8 assembly. It is 16.68 times higher than that of the pure CuPcOC8. The strong internal electric field facilitates the rapid separation within 0.6 ps, enabling photogenerated charge transfer efficiently. Notably, the hydrogen generation efficiency of C60-CuPcOC8 remains above 95%, even after 10 h, showing its exceptional photocatalytic stability. This study provides critical insight into advancing the field of photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Hua
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Bo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Chong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Tianyang Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yupeng Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
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32
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Elsayed MH, Abdellah M, Alhakemy AZ, Mekhemer IMA, Aboubakr AEA, Chen BH, Sabbah A, Lin KH, Chiu WS, Lin SJ, Chu CY, Lu CH, Yang SD, Mohamed MG, Kuo SW, Hung CH, Chen LC, Chen KH, Chou HH. Overcoming small-bandgap charge recombination in visible and NIR-light-driven hydrogen evolution by engineering the polymer photocatalyst structure. Nat Commun 2024; 15:707. [PMID: 38267492 PMCID: PMC10808228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing an organic polymer photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution with visible and near-infrared (NIR) light activity is still a major challenge. Unlike the common behavior of gradually increasing the charge recombination while shrinking the bandgap, we present here a series of polymer nanoparticles (Pdots) based on ITIC and BTIC units with different π-linkers between the acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) repeated moieties of the polymer. These polymers act as an efficient single polymer photocatalyst for H2 evolution under both visible and NIR light, without combining or hybridizing with other materials. Importantly, the difluorothiophene (ThF) π-linker facilitates the charge transfer between acceptors of different repeated moieties (A-D-A-(π-Linker)-A-D-A), leading to the enhancement of charge separation between D and A. As a result, the PITIC-ThF Pdots exhibit superior hydrogen evolution rates of 279 µmol/h and 20.5 µmol/h with visible (>420 nm) and NIR (>780 nm) light irradiation, respectively. Furthermore, PITIC-ThF Pdots exhibit a promising apparent quantum yield (AQY) at 700 nm (4.76%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hammad Elsayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, Qena Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523, Qena, Egypt
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Zaki Alhakemy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71542, Egypt
| | - Islam M A Mekhemer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Esmail A Aboubakr
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Amr Sabbah
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Han Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jie Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiung Hung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chyong Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hsien Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Hsiu Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.
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Fu G, Yang D, Xu S, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang H, Wu D, Petkov PS, Lan ZA, Wang X, Zhang T. Construction of Thiadiazole-Bridged sp 2-Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks with Diminished Excitation Binding Energy Toward Superior Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1318-1325. [PMID: 38181378 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Sp2-carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp2c-COFs) have emerged as promising platforms for phototo-chemical energy conversion due to their tailorable optoelectronic properties, in-plane π-conjugations, and robust structures. However, the development of sp2c-COFs in photocatalysis is still highly hindered by their limited linkage chemistry. Herein, we report a novel thiadiazole-bridged sp2c-COF (sp2c-COF-ST) synthesized by thiadiazole-mediated aldol-type polycondensation. The resultant sp2c-COF-ST demonstrates high chemical stability under strong acids and bases (12 M HCl or 12 M NaOH). The electro-deficient thiadiazole together with fully conjugated and planar skeleton endows sp2c-COF-ST with superior photoelectrochemical performance and charge-carrier separation and migration ability. As a result, when employed as a photocathode, sp2c-COF-ST exhibits a significant photocurrent up to ∼14.5 μA cm-2 at 0.3 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under visible-light irradiation (>420 nm), which is much higher than those analogous COFs with partial imine linkages (mix-COF-SNT ∼ 9.5 μA cm-2) and full imine linkages (imi-COF-SNNT ∼ 4.9 μA cm-2), emphasizing the importance of the structure-property relationships. Further temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the sp2c-COF-ST has smaller exciton binding energy as well as effective mass in comparison to mix-COF-SNT and imi-COF-SNNT, which suggests that the sp2c-conjugated skeleton enhances the exciton dissociation and carrier migration under light irradiation. This work highlights the design and preparation of thiadiazole-bridged sp2c-COFs with promising photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Denghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Shengxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Petko Stoev Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Zhi-An Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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34
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Yan M, Hao Q, Diao S, Zhou F, Yichen C, Jiang N, Zhao C, Ren XR, Yu F, Tong J, Wang D, Liu H. Smart Home Sleep Respiratory Monitoring System Based on a Breath-Responsive Covalent Organic Framework. ACS NANO 2024; 18:728-737. [PMID: 38118144 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
A smart home sleep respiratory monitoring system based on a breath-responsive covalent organic framework (COF) was developed and utilized to monitor the sleep respiratory behavior of real sleep apnea patients in this work. The capacitance of the interdigital electrode chip coated with COFTPDA-TFPy exhibits thousands-level reversible responses to breath humidity gases, with subsecond response time and robustness against environmental humidity. A miniaturized printed circuit board, an open-face-mask-based respiratory sensor, and a smartphone app were constructed for the wearable wireless smart home sleep respiratory monitoring system. Leveraging the sensitive and rapid reversible response of COFs, the COF-based respiratory monitoring system can effectively record normal breath, rapid breath, and breath apnea, enabling over a thousand cycles of hour-level continuous monitoring during daily wear. Next, we took the groundbreaking step of advancing the humidity sensor to the clinical trial stage. In clinical experiments on real sleep apnea patients, the COF-based respiratory monitoring system successfully recorded hour-level sleep respiratory data and differentiated the breathing behavior characteristics and severity of sleep apnea patients and subjects with normal sleep function and primary snoring patients. This work successfully advanced humidity sensors into clinical research for real patients and demonstrated the enormous application potential of COF materials in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yichen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
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35
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Xue F, Zhang J, Ma Z, Wang Z. Copper Dispersed Covalent Organic Framework for Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition and Fast Synthesis of Rufinamide in Water. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2307796. [PMID: 38185802 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
A crystalline porous bipyridine-based Bpy-COF with a high BET surface area (1864 m2 g-1 ) and uniform mesopore (4.0 nm) is successfully synthesized from 1,3,5-tris-(4'-formyl-biphenyl-4-yl)triazine and 5,5'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine via a solvothermal method. After Cu(I)-loading, the resultant Cu(I)-Bpy-COF remained the ordered porous structure with evenly distributed Cu(I) ions at a single-atom level. Using Cu(I)-Bpy-COF as a heterogeneous catalyst, high conversions for cycloaddition reactions are achieved within a short time (40 min) at 25 °C in water medium. Moreover, Cu(I)-Bpy-COF proves to be applicable for aromatic and aliphatic azides and alkynes bearing various substituents such as ester, hydroxyl, amido, pyridyl, thienyl, bulky triphenylamine, fluorine, and trifluoromethyl groups. The high conversions remain almost constant after five cycles. Additionally, the antiepileptic drug (rufinamide) is successfully prepared by a simple one-step reaction using Cu(I)-Bpy-COF, proving its practical feasibility for pharmaceutical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Rd. 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Rd. 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhongcheng Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Rd. 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhonggang Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Rd. 2, Dalian, 116024, China
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36
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Zhong Y, Dong W, Ren S, Li L. Oligo(phenylenevinylene)-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Kagome Lattice for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308251. [PMID: 37781857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown great advantages as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. However, the effect of linkage geometry and type of linkage on the extent of π-electron conjugation in the plane of the framework and photocatalytic properties of COFs remains a significant challenge. Herein, two Kagome (kgm) topologic oligo(phenylenevinylene)-based COFs are designed and synthesized for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via a "two in one" strategy. Under visible light irradiation, COF-954 with 5 wt% Pt as cocatalyst exhibits high hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 137.23 mmol g-1 h-1 , outperforming most reported COF-based photocatalysts. More importantly, even in natural seawater, COF-954 shows an average HER of 191.70 mmol g-1 h-1 under ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) light irradiation. Additionally, the water-drainage experiments indoors and outdoors demonstrate that 25 and 8 mL hydrogen gas could be produced in 80 min under UV-vis light and natural sunlight, respectively, corresponding to a high HER of 167.41 and 53.57 mmol h-1 g-1 . This work not only demonstrates an effective design strategy toward highly efficient COF-based photocatalysts, but also shows the great potential of using the COF-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Longyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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37
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Yu B, Lin RB, Xu G, Fu ZH, Wu H, Zhou W, Lu S, Li QW, Jin Y, Li JH, Zhang Z, Wang H, Yan Z, Liu X, Wang K, Chen B, Jiang J. Linkage conversions in single-crystalline covalent organic frameworks. Nat Chem 2024; 16:114-121. [PMID: 37723258 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction is a powerful characterization technique that enables the determination of atomic arrangements in crystalline materials. Growing or retaining large single crystals amenable to it has, however, remained challenging with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially suffering from post-synthetic modifications. Here we show the synthesis of a flexible COF with interpenetrated qtz topology by polymerization of tetra(phenyl)bimesityl-based tetraaldehyde and tetraamine building blocks. The material is shown to be flexible through its large, anisotropic positive thermal expansion along the c axis (αc = +491 × 10-6 K-1), as well as through a structural transformation on the removal of solvent molecules from its pores. The as-synthesized and desolvated materials undergo single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation by reduction and oxidation of its imine linkages to amine and amide ones, respectively. These redox-induced linkage conversions endow the resulting COFs with improved stability towards strong acid; loading of phosphoric acid leads to anhydrous proton conductivity up to ca. 6.0 × 10-2 S cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqiu Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Biao Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Shanfu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Hong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Zier Yan
- Rigaku Beijing Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Banglin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
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38
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Zhou T, Deng Y, Qu X, Wang L, Xie H, Xu Y, Sun L, Yang J, Li G. Preparation of Well-Constructed and Metal-Modified Covalent Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Biosensing Design with Cascade Catalytic Capability. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18814-18820. [PMID: 38079491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Uniform covalent organic framework nanoparticles (COF NPs) with a well-defined pore structure may provide a robust platform for scaffolding enzymes. Herein, bipyridine-based spherical COF NPs have been successfully prepared in this work through the Schiff base condensation reaction. Moreover, they are functionalized by metal modification and are further used for biosensor fabrication. Experimental results reveal that the metal-modified COF NPs also display impressive peroxidase-like catalytic activities, while they can load enzymes, such as glucose oxidase (GOx) and sarcosine oxidase (SOx), to develop a cascade catalysis system for design of various kinds of biosensors with very well performance. For example, the optimized GOx@Fe-COFs can achieve a sensitive detection of glucose with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 12.8 μM. Meanwhile, the enzymes also exhibit a commendable preservation of 80% enzymatic activity over a span of 14 days under ambient conditions. This work may pave the way for advancing cascade catalysis and the analysis of different kinds of biological molecules based on COF NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yetao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Lizhou Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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39
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Weng W, Lin Z, Zhang H, Niu F, Wang C, Hu K, Guo J. Effect of ESIPT-Induced Photoisomerization of Keto-Enamine Linkages on the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance of Covalent Organic Frameworks. JACS AU 2023; 3:3391-3399. [PMID: 38155651 PMCID: PMC10751766 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of keto-enamine allows intramolecular proton transfer from C-NH to C=O, leading to tautomerization, while the photogenerated isomers are excluded from the study of photocatalytic applications. Herein, we demonstrate the photoisomerization of keto-enamine linkages on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) induced by excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). Partial enolization generates partially enolized photoisomers with a mixture of keto (C=O) and enol (OH) forms, conferring extended π-conjugation with an increase in electron density. The spatially separated D-A configuration is thus rebuilt with the enol-imine-linked branch as a donor and the keto-enamine-linked branch as an acceptor, and in turn, the photoinduced charges transfer between the two adjacent branches with a long lifetime. We further prove that the partially enolized photoisomer is a key transition instead of the keto-enamine form as an excited-state model to understand the photocatalytic behaviors. Therefore, ESIPT-induced photoisomerization must be considered for rationally designing keto-enamine-linked COFs with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Also, our study points toward the importance of controlling excited-state structures for long-lived separated charges, which is of particular interest for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Weng
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hualei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fushuang Niu
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Changchun Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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40
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Chen W, Xue P, Wang Z, Xu T, Pan W, Huang J, Liu J, Tang M, Wang Z. A porous polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/covalent organic framework (COF) fibrous membrane photocatalyst for highly efficient and ultra-stable hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:341-349. [PMID: 37597415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting has been regarded as one of the most promising technologies to generate hydrogen as an ideal energy carrier in the future. However, most of the experience for such process are derived from the researches based on the suspension powder photocatalysts under a stirring condition and a practical scaling application is urgently calling for the high-efficient panel reactors based on the membrane photocatalysts. Herein, we develop a new series of flexible and ultrastable membrane photocatalysts through a controllable growth of covalent organic framework (COF) photocatalysts on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun fiber membrane. Multiple characterization techniques verify the successful anchoring of the COF-photocatalysts on the PAN fibers, forming a three-dimensional porous PAN/COF membrane photocatalyst with excellent light absorption ability, high specific surface area, and good hydrophily. As a result, the optimized PAN/COF membrane photocatalyst exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution rate up to 1.25 mmol g-1h-1 under visible-light irradiation without stirring, which is even higher than that of the corresponding suspension COF-powder photocatalyst with stirring. In particular, the PAN/COF membrane photocatalyst demonstrates a much more superior hydrogen evolution stability and also a much better recyclability. This study gives some experience for the practical scaling application of solar-driven water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ping Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Zijing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jiming Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mi Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhengbang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China.
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41
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Yang M, Li H, Borse RA, Lin SX, Yuan D. A Nickel Anchored Covalent Organic Framework as Unimolecular Metallaphotocatalyst for Visible Light Driver C-P Bond Coupling Reaction. Chemistry 2023:e202303556. [PMID: 38092708 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need to develop a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing organophosphine compounds is underscored by their extensive applications in organic synthesis, coordination chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and photoelectric materials. Metalated covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs), which seamlessly integrate the inherent photo properties of COF with the catalytic capabilities of metal ions, offer an optimal material for efficient transformation of organics sustainably. In this study, we introduce a simple COF with nickel anchorages (Bpy-COF-NiCl2 ) as a unimolecular metallaphotocatalytic system for effective C-P bond formation. This heterogeneous photocatalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance, achieving yields of up to 95 %, and demonstrates broad substrate tolerance and functional group reactivity. Notably, the metallaphotocatalytic system has demonstrated the capability to process aryl bromides to produce the desired product, a feat not previously reported. Finally, the production and reusability test at the gram scale attests to its superior practicality for designing future organic cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqiang Yang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- State Key Lab of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huijie Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- State Key Lab of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rahul Anil Borse
- State Key Lab of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shao-Xia Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- State Key Lab of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- State Key Lab of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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42
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Yong Z, Ma T. Solar-to-H 2 O 2 Catalyzed by Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308980. [PMID: 37574706 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the excellent structural tunability, robust framework, ultrahigh porosity, and rich active sites, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are widely recognized as promising photocatalysts in chemical conversions, and emerged in the hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) photosynthesis in 2020. H2 O2 , serving as an environmental-friendly oxidant and a promising liquid fuel, has attracted increasing researchers to explore its potential. Over the past few years, numerous COFs-based photocatalysts are developed with encouraging achievements in H2 O2 production, whereas no comprehensive review articles exist to summarize this specific and significant area. Herein we provide a systematic overview of the advances and challenges of COFs in photocatalytic H2 O2 production. We first introduce the priorities of COFs in H2 O2 photosynthesis. Then, various strategies to improve COFs photocatalytic efficiency are discussed. The perspective and outlook for future advances of COFs in this emerging field are finally offered. This timely review will pave the way for the development of highly efficient COFs photocatalysts for practical production of value-added chemicals not limited to H2 O2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Yong
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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43
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Zhang Z, Xu Y. Hydrothermal Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Zwitterionic Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Exceptional Photocatalytic Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25222-25232. [PMID: 37856866 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Ionic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring both crystallinity and ionic characteristics have attracted tremendous attention in recent years. Compared with single anion- or cation-containing ionic COFs, zwitterionic COFs possess unique functionalities beyond single ionic COFs such as tunable charge density and superhydrophilic and highly ion-conductive characteristics, endowing them with huge potential in various applications. However, it remains a considerable challenge to directly synthesize robust, highly crystalline zwitterionic COFs from the original building blocks. Herein, we report a green hydrothermal synthesis strategy to prepare highly crystalline zwitterionic vinylene-linked COFs (ZVCOFs) from the predesigned zwitterionic building block by utilizing 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as the high-efficiency catalyst for the first time. Detailed theoretical calculations and experiments revealed that both the high catalytic activity of DMAP and the unique role of water contributed to the formation of highly crystalline ZVCOFs. It was found that the participation of water could not only remarkably reduce the activation energy barrier and thus enhance the reaction reversibility but also enable the hydration of zwitterionic sites and facilitate ordered layered arrangement, which are favorable for the ZVCOF crystallization. Benefiting from the highly π-conjugated structure and hydrophilic characteristic, the obtained ZVCOFs achieved an ultrahigh sacrificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 2052 μmol h-1 under visible light irradiation with an apparent quantum yield up to 47.1% at 420 nm, superior to nearly all COF-based photocatalysts ever reported. Moreover, the ZVCOFs could be deposited on a support as a photocatalytic film device, which demonstrated a remarkable photocatalytic performance of 402.1 mmol h-1 m-2 for hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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44
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Xia Y, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang L, Yu G. Research Progress in Donor-Acceptor Type Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301190. [PMID: 37094607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are new organic porous materials constructed by covalent bonds, with the advantages of pre-designable topology, adjustable pore size, and abundant active sites. Many research studies have shown that COFs exhibit great potential in gas adsorption, molecular separation, catalysis, drug delivery, energy storage, etc. However, the electrons and holes of intrinsic COF are prone to compounding in transport, and the carrier lifetime is short. The donor-acceptor (D-A) type COFs, which are synthesized by introducing D and A units into the COFs backbone, combine separated electron and hole migration pathway, tunable band gap and optoelectronic properties of D-A type polymers with the unique advantages of COFs and have made great progress in related research in recent years. Here, the synthetic strategies of D-A type COFs are first outlined, including the rational design of linkages and D-A units as well as functionalization approaches. Then the applications of D-A type COFs in catalytic reactions, photothermal therapy, and electronic materials are systematically summarized. In the final section, the current challenges, and new directions for the development of D-A type COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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45
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Qi SP, Guo RT, Bi ZX, Zhang ZR, Li CF, Pan WG. Recent Progress of Covalent Organic Frameworks-Based Materials in Photocatalytic Applications: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303632. [PMID: 37541658 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are one type of porous organic materials linked by covalent bonds. COFs materials exhibit many outstanding characteristics such as high porosity, high chemical and thermal stability, large specific surface area, efficient electron transfer efficiency, and the ability for predesigned structures. These exceptional advantages enable COFs materials to exhibit remarkable performance in photocatalysis. Additionally, the activity of COFs materials as photocatalysts can be significantly upgraded by ion doping and the formation of heterojunctions. This paper summarizes the latest research progress on COF-based materials applied in photocatalytic systems. Initially, typical structures and preparation methods of COFs are analyzed and compared. Moreover, the essential principles of photocatalytic reactions over COFs-based materials and the latest research developments in photocatalytic hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, pollutants elimination, organic transformation, and overall water splitting are indicated. At last, the outlook and challenges of COF-based materials in photocatalysis are discussed. This review is intended to permit instructive guidance for the efficient use of photocatalysis based on COFs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Qi
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Tang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
- Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Xu Bi
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Rui Zhang
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Fan Li
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Guo Pan
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
- Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
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46
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Li J, Ding L, Su Z, Li K, Fang F, Sun R, Qin Y, Chang K. Non-Lignin Constructing the Gas-Solid Interface for Enhancing the Photothermal Catalytic Water Vapor Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305535. [PMID: 37607503 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The progress of solar-driven water-splitting technology has been impeded by the limited light response capability of semiconductor materials. Despite attempts to leverage nearly 50% of infrared radiation for photothermal synergy and catalytic reaction enhancement, heat loss during liquid phase reactions results in low energy conversion efficiency. Here, the photothermally driven catalytic water-splitting system, which designs K-SrTiO3 -loaded TiN silica wool at the water-air interface. Photocatalytic tests and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the thermal effect transforms liquid water into water vapor, thereby reducing the reaction free energy of catalysts and improving the transmission rate of catalytic products. Hence, the hydrogen evolution rate reaches 275.46 mmol m-2 h-1 , and the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency is 1.81% under 1 sun irradiation in this gas-solid system, which is more than twice that of liquid water splitting. This novel photothermal catalytic pathway, which involves a coupled reaction of water evaporation and water splitting, is anticipated to broaden the utilization range of the solar spectrum and significantly enhance the conversion efficiency of STH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Li
- Centre for Hydrogenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Ding
- Centre for Hydrogenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Su
- Centre for Hydrogenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Centre for Hydrogenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Fan Fang
- Centre for Hydrogenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- Centre for Hydrogenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Yalei Qin
- Centre for Hydrogenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Kun Chang
- Centre for Hydrogenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
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47
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Zhang M, Liao JP, Li RH, Sun SN, Lu M, Dong LZ, Huang P, Li SL, Cai YP, Lan YQ. Green synthesis of bifunctional phthalocyanine-porphyrin cofs in water for efficient electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction coupled with methanol oxidation. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad226. [PMID: 37818117 PMCID: PMC10561706 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) coupled with organic oxidation is a promising strategy to produce high value-added chemicals and improve energy efficiency. However, achieving the efficient redox coupling reaction is still challenging due to the lack of suitable electrocatalysts. Herein, we designed two bifunctional polyimides-linked covalent organic frameworks (PI-COFs) through assembling phthalocyanine (Pc) and porphyrin (Por) by non-toxic hydrothermal methods in pure water to realize the above catalytic reactions. Due to the high conductivity and well-defined active sites with different chemical environments, NiPc-NiPor COF performs efficient ECR coupled with methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) (Faradaic efficiency of CO (FECO) = 98.12%, partial current densities of CO (jCO) = 6.14 mA cm-2 for ECR, FEHCOOH = 93.75%, jHCOOH = 5.81 mA cm-2 for MOR at low cell voltage (2.1 V) and remarkable long-term stability). Furthermore, experimental evidences and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the ECR process mainly conducts on NiPc unit with the assistance of NiPor, meanwhile, the MOR prefers NiPor conjugating with NiPc. The two units of NiPc-NiPor COF collaboratively promote the coupled oxidation-reduction reaction. For the first time, this work achieves the rational design of bifunctional COFs for coupled heterogeneous catalysis, which opens a new area for crystalline material catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Jia-Peng Liao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Run-Han Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Sun
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Meng Lu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Long-Zhang Dong
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Pei Huang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Shun-Li Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Yue-Peng Cai
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
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48
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Wang S, Wu T, Wu S, Guo J, He T, Wu Y, Yuan W, Zhang Z, Hua Y, Zhao Y. Cobaloxime-Integrated Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Coupled with Alcohol Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311082. [PMID: 37698088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
We report an azide-functionalized cobaloxime proton-reduction catalyst covalently tethered into the Wurster-type covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The cobaloxime-modified COF photocatalysts exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alcohol-containing solution with no presence of a typical sacrificial agent. The best performing cobaloxime-modified COF hybrid catalyzes hydrogen production with an average HER rate up to 38 μmol h-1 in ethanol/phosphate buffer solution under 4 h illumination. Ultrafast transient optical spectroscopy characterizations and charge carrier analysis reveal that the alcohol contents functioning as hole scavengers could be oxidized by the photogenerated holes of COFs to form aldehydes and protons. The consumption of the photogenerated holes thus suppresses exciton recombination of COFs and improves the ratio of free electrons that were effectively utilized to drive catalytic reaction for HER. This work demonstrates a great potential of COF-catalyzed HER using alcohol solvents as hole scavengers and provides an example toward realizing the accessibility to the scope of reaction conditions and a greener route for energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihuai Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Tai Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuyang Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ting He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yinglong Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yong Hua
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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49
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Qin Y, Zhu X, Huang R. Covalent organic frameworks: linkage types, synthetic methods and bio-related applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6942-6976. [PMID: 37750827 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01247f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are composed of small organic molecules linked via covalent bonds, which have tunable mesoporous structure, good biocompatibility and functional diversities. These excellent properties make COFs a promising candidate for constructing biomedical nanoplatforms and provide ample opportunities for nanomedicine development. A systematic review of the linkage types and synthesis methods of COFs is of indispensable value for their biomedical applications. In this review, we first summarize the types of various linkages of COFs and their corresponding properties. Then, we highlight the reaction temperature, solvent and reaction time required by different synthesis methods and show the most suitable synthesis method by comparing the merits and demerits of various methods. To appreciate the cutting-edge research on COFs in bioscience technology, we also summarize the bio-related applications of COFs, including drug delivery, tumor therapy, bioimaging, biosensing and antimicrobial applications. We hope to provide insight into the interdisciplinary research on COFs and promote the development of COF nanomaterials for biomedical applications and their future clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xinran Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Rongqin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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50
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Qin N, Mao A, Li L, Lin C, Zhai L, Liu J, Zou J, Cui CX, Mi L. Rational Design of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Modulating Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300872. [PMID: 37466030 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted enormous attention for photocatalytic H2 evolution from water because of their fully conjugated structures, high chemical stabilities, and enhanced charge-carrier mobilities. In this work, two novel vinylene-linked COFs with tuned cyano contents were successfully synthesized and then employed as photocatalysts for H2 generation. Notably, the photocatalytic H2 production rate of the COF with the higher cyano content reached 73 μmol h-1 under visible light irradiation, which is 2.4 times higher than that with the lower content (30 μmol h-1 ). Both the experimental and computational results demonstrated that the rational design incorporating cyano groups into COF skeletons could precisely tune the corresponding energy levels, expand the visible-light absorption, and improve the photoinduced charge separation. This work not only provides a simple method for modulating the photocatalytic activities of COFs at the molecular level, but also affords interesting insights into the relationship between their structures and photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Aojie Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Linqiang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Chao Lin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Zhai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Zou
- Institute of Energy Research, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330029, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Xing Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
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