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St Clair EW, Baer AN, Ng WF, Noaiseh G, Baldini C, Tarrant TK, Papas A, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Wang L, Xu W, Pham TH, Sikora K, Rees WA, Alevizos I. CD40 ligand antagonist dazodalibep in Sjögren's disease: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03009-3. [PMID: 38839899 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease with no approved disease-modifying therapies. Dazodalibep (DAZ), a novel nonantibody fusion protein, is a CD40 ligand antagonist that blocks costimulatory signals between T and B cells and antigen-presenting cells, and therefore may suppress the wide spectrum of cellular and humoral responses that drive autoimmunity in SjD. This study was a phase 2, randomized, double-blinded, placebo (PBO)-controlled trial of DAZ with a crossover stage in two distinct populations of participants with SjD. Population 1 had moderate-to-severe systemic disease activity and population 2 had an unacceptable symptom burden and limited systemic organ involvement. All participants had a diagnosis of SjD, with 21.6% and 10.1% having an associated connective tissue disease (rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus) in populations 1 and 2, respectively. The remaining participants would be considered as having primary Sjögren's syndrome. The primary endpoint for population 1 (n = 74) was the change from baseline in the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index at day 169. The primary endpoint for population 2 (n = 109) was the change from baseline in the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index at day 169. The primary endpoints (least squares mean ± standard error) were achieved with statistical significance for both population 1 (DAZ, -6.3 ± 0.6; PBO, -4.1 ± 0.6; P = 0.0167) and population 2 (DAZ, -1.8 ± 0.2; PBO, -0.5 ± 0.2; P = 0.0002). DAZ was generally safe and well tolerated. Among the most frequently reported adverse events were COVID-19, diarrhea, headache, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, arthralgia, constipation and urinary tract infection. In summary, DAZ appears to be a potential new therapy for SjD and its efficacy implies an important role for the CD40/CD40 ligand pathway in its pathogenesis. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04129164 .
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Affiliation(s)
- E William St Clair
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Alan N Baer
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ghaith Noaiseh
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Chiara Baldini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Teresa K Tarrant
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham Veterans' Administration Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Athena Papas
- Division of Oral Medicine, Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhou J, Pathak JL, Wu L, Chen B, Cao T, Wei W, Wu X, Chen G, Watanabe N, Li X, Li J. Downregulated GPX4 in salivary gland epithelial cells contributes to salivary secretion dysfunction in Sjogren's syndrome via lipid ROS/pSTAT4/AQP5 axis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 218:1-15. [PMID: 38574973 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunction of exocrine glands, such as salivary glands. However, the molecular mechanism of salivary secretion dysfunction in SS is still unclear. Given the significance of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in cellular redox homeostasis, we hypothesized that dysregulation of GPX4 may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of salivary secretion dysfunction observed in SS. The salivary gland of SS patients and the SS mouse model exhibited reduced expression of the ferroptosis inhibitor GPX4 and the important protein aquaporin 5 (AQP5), which is involved in salivary secretion. GPX4 overexpression upregulated and GPX4 knockdown downregulated AQP5 expression in salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) and salivary secretion. Bioinformatics analysis of GSE databases from SS patients' salivary glands revealed STAT4 as a key intermediary regulator between GPX4 and AQP5. A higher level of nuclear pSTAT4 was observed in the salivary gland of the SS mouse model. GPX4 overexpression inhibited and GPX4 knockdown promoted STAT4 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in SGECs. CHIP assay confirmed the binding of pSTAT4 within the promoter of AQP5 inhibiting AQP5 transcription. GPX4 downregulation accumulates intracellular lipid ROS in SGECs. Lipid ROS inhibitor ferrostatin-1 treatment during in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that lipid ROS activates STAT4 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in SGECs. In summary, the downregulated GPX4 in SGECs contributes to salivary secretion dysfunction in SS via the lipid ROS/pSTAT4/AQP5 axis. This study unraveled novel targets to revitalize the salivary secretion function in SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Zhou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Tingting Cao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Guiping Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- Chemical Resource Development Research Unit, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
| | - Jiang Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
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3
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Zong Y, Yang Y, Zhao J, Li L, Luo D, Hu J, Gao Y, Xie X, Shen L, Chen S, Ning L, Jiang L. Identification of key mitochondria-related genes and their relevance to the immune system linking Parkinson's disease and primary Sjögren's syndrome through integrated bioinformatics analyses. Comput Biol Med 2024; 175:108511. [PMID: 38677173 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are the metabolic hubs of cells, regulating energy production and antigen presentation, which are essential for activation, proliferation, and function of immune cells. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial antigen presentation may have an impact on diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and autoimmune diseases. However, there is limited knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate the presentation of mitochondrial antigens in these diseases. METHODS In the current study, RNA sequencing was performed on labial minor salivary gland (LSG) from 25 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and 14 non-pSS aged controls. Additionally, we obtained gene expression omnibus datasets associated with PD patients from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA), ESTIMATE and Spearman correlations were conducted to explore the association between mitochondrial related genes and the immune system. Furthermore, we applied weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify hub mitochondria-related genes and investigate the correlated networks in both diseases. Single cell transcriptome analysis, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to verify the activation of the hub mitochondria-related pathway. Pearson correlations and the CIBERSORT algorithms were employed to further reveal the correlation between hub mitochondria-related pathways and immune infiltration. RESULTS The transcriptome analysis revealed the presence of overlapping mitochondria-related genes and mitochondrial DNA damage in patients with pSS and PD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the senescence marker p53, and the inflammatory markers CD45 and Bcl-2 were found to be regionally distributed in LSGs of pSS patients. WGCNA analysis identified the STING pathway as the central mitochondria-related pathway closely associated with the immune system. Single cell analysis, IHC staining, and qRT-PCR confirmed the activation of the STING pathway. Subsequent, bioinformatic analysis revealed the proportion of infiltrating immune cells in the STING-high and STING-low groups of pSS and PD. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the association of the STING pathway with innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as functional cells, in the immune microenvironment of PD and pSS. CONCLUSION Our study uncovered a central pathway that connects mitochondrial dysfunction and the immune microenvironment in PD and pSS, potentially offering valuable insights into therapeutic targets for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zong
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianfei Xie
- Hainan Branch, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Qionghai, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhui Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ning
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Li XX, Maitiyaer M, Tan Q, Huang WH, Liu Y, Liu ZP, Wen YQ, Zheng Y, Chen X, Chen RL, Tao Y, Yu SL. Emerging biologic frontiers for Sjogren's syndrome: Unveiling novel approaches with emphasis on extra glandular pathology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1377055. [PMID: 38828450 PMCID: PMC11140030 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction, leading to dry eyes and mouth. Despite growing interest in biologic therapies for pSS, FDA approval has proven challenging due to trial complications. This review addresses the absence of a molecular-target-based approach to biologic therapy development and highlights novel research on drug targets and clinical trials. A literature search identified potential pSS treatment targets and recent advances in molecular understanding. Overlooking extraglandular symptoms like fatigue and depression is a notable gap in trials. Emerging biologic agents targeting cytokines, signal pathways, and immune responses have proven efficacy. These novel therapies could complement existing methods for symptom alleviation. Improved grading systems accounting for extraglandular symptoms are needed. The future of pSS treatment may involve gene, stem-cell, and tissue-engineering therapies. This narrative review offers insights into advancing pSS management through innovative biologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maierhaba Maitiyaer
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Hui Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Ping Liu
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Qiang Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Lin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shui Lian Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Iizuka-Koga M, Ito M, Yumoto N, Mise-Omata S, Hayakawa T, Komai K, Chikuma S, Takahashi S, Matsumoto I, Sumida T, Yoshimura A. Reconstruction of Sjögren's syndrome-like sialadenitis by a defined disease specific gut-reactive single TCR and an autoantibody. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110258. [PMID: 38762063 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Lymphocytes such as CD4+ T cells and B cells mainly infiltrate the salivary glands; however, the precise roles and targets of autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) remain unclear. This study was designed to clarify the role of autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies at the single-cell level involved in the development of sialadenitis. Infiltrated CD4+ T and B cells in the salivary glands of a mouse model resembling SS were single-cell-sorted, and their T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) sequences were analyzed. The predominant TCR and BCR clonotypes were reconstituted in vitro, and their pathogenicity was evaluated by transferring reconstituted TCR-expressing CD4+ T cells into Rag2-/- mice and administering recombinant IgG in vivo. The reconstitution of Th17 cells expressing TCR (#G) in Rag2-/- mice resulted in the infiltration of T cells into the salivary glands and development of sialadenitis, while an autoantibody (IgGr22) was observed to promote the proliferation of pathogenic T cells. IgGr22 specifically recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and induces the activation of dendritic cells, thereby enhancing the expression of IFN signature and inflammatory genes. TCR#G recognizes antigens related to the gut microbiota. Antibiotic treatment severely reduces the activation of TCR#G-expressing Th17 cells and suppresses sialadenitis development. These data suggest that the anti-dsRNA antibodies and, TCR recognizing the gut microbiota involved in the development of sialadenitis like SS. Thus, our model provides a novel strategy for defining the roles of autoreactive TCR and autoantibodies in the development and pathogenesis of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Iizuka-Koga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Minako Ito
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriko Yumoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Setsuko Mise-Omata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Taeko Hayakawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kyoko Komai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Chikuma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, Japan.
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6
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Yang YQ, Liu YJ, Qiao WX, Jin W, Zhu SW, Yan YX, Luo Q, Xu Q. Iguratimod suppresses plasma cell differentiation and ameliorates experimental Sjögren's syndrome in mice by promoting TEC kinase degradation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01288-7. [PMID: 38744938 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with an unclear pathogenesis, and there is currently no approved drug for the treatment of this disease. Iguratimod, as a novel clinical anti-rheumatic drug in China and Japan, has shown remarkable efficacy in improving the symptoms of patients with pSS in clinical studies. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of iguratimod in the treatment of pSS. Experimental Sjögren's syndrome (ESS) model was established in female mice by immunizing with salivary gland protein. After immunization, ESS mice were orally treated with iguratimod (10, 30, 100 mg·kg-1·d-1) or hydroxychloroquine (50 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 70 days. We showed that iguratimod administration dose-dependently increased saliva secretion, and ameliorated ESS development by predominantly inhibiting B cells activation and plasma cell differentiation. Iguratimod (30 and 100 mg·kg-1·d-1) was more effective than hydroxychloroquine (50 mg·kg-1·d-1). When the potential target of iguratimod was searched, we found that iguratimod bound to TEC kinase and promoted its degradation through the autophagy-lysosome pathway in BAFF-activated B cells, thereby directly inhibiting TEC-regulated B cells function, suggesting that the action mode of iguratimod on TEC was different from that of conventional kinase inhibitors. In addition, we found a crucial role of TEC overexpression in plasma cells of patients with pSS. Together, we demonstrate that iguratimod effectively ameliorates ESS via its unique suppression of TEC function, which will be helpful for its clinical application. Targeting TEC kinase, a new regulatory factor for B cells, may be a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shun-Wei Zhu
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yu-Xi Yan
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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7
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Pastva O, Klein K. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Sjögren's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5162. [PMID: 38791207 PMCID: PMC11121283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by severe dryness of mucosal surfaces, particularly the mouth and eyes; fatigue; and chronic pain. Chronic inflammation of the salivary and lacrimal glands, auto-antibody formation, and extra-glandular manifestations occur in subsets of patients with SjD. An aberrant expression of long, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been described in many autoimmune diseases, including SjD. Here, we review the current literature on lncRNAs in SjD and their role in regulating X chromosome inactivation, immune modulatory functions, and their potential as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Pastva
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Klein
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Noll B, Beckman M, Bahrani Mougeot F, Mougeot JL. Exploring Salivary Epithelial Dysfunction in Sjögren's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4973. [PMID: 38732189 PMCID: PMC11084897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disease of the exocrine tissues. Etiological events result in the loss of epithelial homeostasis alongside extracellular matrix (ECM) destruction within the salivary and lacrimal glands, followed by immune cell infiltration. In this review, we have assessed the current understanding of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated changes within the salivary epithelium potentially involved in salivary dysfunction and SjD pathogenesis. We performed a PubMed literature review pertaining to the determination of pathogenic events that lead to EMT-related epithelial dysfunction and signaling in SjD. Molecular patterns of epithelial dysfunction in SjD salivary glands share commonalities with EMT mediating wound healing. Pathological changes altering salivary gland integrity and function may precede direct immune involvement while perpetuating MMP9-mediated ECM destruction, inflammatory mediator expression, and eventual immune cell infiltration. Dysregulation of EMT-associated factors is present in the salivary epithelium of SjD and may be significant in initiating and perpetuating the disease. In this review, we further highlight the gap regarding mechanisms that drive epithelial dysfunction in salivary glands in the early or subclinical pre-lymphocytic infiltration stages of SjD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braxton Noll
- Translational Research Laboratories, Cannon Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, 1542 Garden Terrace, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Micaela Beckman
- Translational Research Laboratories, Cannon Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, 1542 Garden Terrace, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Farah Bahrani Mougeot
- Translational Research Laboratories, Cannon Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, 1542 Garden Terrace, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 475 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Mougeot
- Translational Research Laboratories, Cannon Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, 1542 Garden Terrace, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 475 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Kim MC, De U, Borcherding N, Wang L, Paek J, Bhattacharyya I, Yu Q, Kolb R, Drashansky T, Thatayatikom A, Zhang W, Cha S. Single-cell transcriptomics unveil profiles and interplay of immune subsets in rare autoimmune childhood Sjögren's disease. Commun Biol 2024; 7:481. [PMID: 38641668 PMCID: PMC11031574 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood Sjögren's disease represents critically unmet medical needs due to a complete lack of immunological and molecular characterizations. This study presents key immune cell subsets and their interactions in the periphery in childhood Sjögren's disease. Here we show that single-cell RNA sequencing identifies the subsets of IFN gene-enriched monocytes, CD4+ T effector memory, and XCL1+ NK cells as potential key players in childhood Sjögren's disease, and especially in those with recurrent parotitis, which is the chief symptom prompting clinical visits from young children. A unique cluster of monocytes with type I and II IFN-related genes is identified in childhood Sjögren's disease, compared to the age-matched control. In vitro regulatory T cell functional assay demonstrates intact functionality in childhood Sjögren's disease in contrast to reduced suppression in adult Sjögren's disease. Mapping this transcriptomic landscape and interplay of immune cell subsets will expedite the understanding of childhood Sjögren's disease pathogenesis and set the foundation for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Umasankar De
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Joon Paek
- Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Indraneel Bhattacharyya
- Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | | | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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10
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Zhou J, Pathak JL, Cao T, Chen B, Wei W, Hu S, Mao T, Wu X, Watanabe N, Li X, Li J. CD4 T cell-secreted IFN-γ in Sjögren's syndrome induces salivary gland epithelial cell ferroptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167121. [PMID: 38471652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that predominantly affects exocrine glands. Previous studies have demonstrated that upregulated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in SS triggers ferroptosis in salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs), resulting in impaired salivary gland secretion. However, the immune cells responsible for secreting IFN-γ remain unclear. Therefore, this study conducted bioinformatics analysis and molecular validation to identify the origin of IFN-γ in SS salivary gland. METHODS The 'limma' package in R software was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the human SS dataset. Subsequently, the identified DEGs were compared with the ferroptosis database and screened through Cytoscape to determine candidate genes. The cellular localization and expression patterns of candidate genes were further confirmed in the salivary gland single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) data set from healthy control and SS mice. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to analyze the effect of CD4 T-secreted IFN-γ on SGECs' ferroptosis and functions. RESULTS Upregulated TLR4, IFNG, and IL33 were screened as candidates ferroptosis ferroptosis-inducing genes in SS salivary glands. The association of IFNG and IL33 with CD4 T cells was established through immune infiltration analysis. The expression of IFN-γ on CD4 T cells was robustly higher compared with that of IL33 as evidenced by scRNA-seq and immunofluorescence co-localization. Subsequent experiments conducted on candidate genes consistently demonstrated the potent ability of IFN-γ to induce SGECs' ferroptosis and inhibit AQP5 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that CD4 T cell-secreted IFN-γ in SS induces SGECs' ferroptosis and inhibits AQP5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Zhou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Tingting Cao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shilin Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- Chemical Resource Development Research Unit, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China.
| | - Jiang Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.
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11
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Deng C, Wang A, Li W, Zhao L, Zhou J, Zhang W, Li M, Fei Y. Involvement of expanded cytotoxic and proinflammatory CD28 null T cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Immunol 2024; 261:109927. [PMID: 38331302 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The absence of CD28 is a feature of antigen-experienced, highly differentiated and aged T cells. The pathogenicity of CD28null T cells remains elusive in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Therefore, this study was performed to explore the characteristics of CD28null T cells in both peripheral blood and minor salivary glands (MSGs) of pSS patients. METHODS pSS patients and paired healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The phenotype of peripheral CD28null T cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. In vitro functional assays were performed to evaluate the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of peripheral CD28null T cells. In addition, polychromatic immunofluorescence staining was performed to investigate infiltrating CD28null T cells in MSGs. RESULTS A significant expansion of peripheral CD28null T cells was observed in pSS patients compared with HCs (p < 0.001), which were primarily CD8+CD28null T cells. The proportion of peripheral CD8+CD28null T cells moderately correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.57, p < 0.01) and IgG levels (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). Peripheral CD28null T cells had stronger capacities to secrete granzyme B and perforin, but comparable capacities to secrete IFN-γ and TNF-α than their CD28+ counterparts. An abundant amount of cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory CD28null T cells was also found in MSGs. Moreover, a high expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 was found on peripheral and tissue-resident CD28null T cells, with its ligands CXCL9/10 abundantly present in MSGs. CONCLUSION Increasing CD28null T cells with strong cytotoxicity and proinflammatory effects were observed in both peripheral blood and MSGs from pSS patients. The precise mechanism of action and migration still needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuiwen Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology,Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology,Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Key Myositis Laboratories, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology,Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology,Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology,Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology,Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Fei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology,Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Department of Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Xiao F, Tang X, Ma K, Dai X. Editorial: Advances in organ-specific autoimmune response: from basics to clinics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394736. [PMID: 38558820 PMCID: PMC10978766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuming Tang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kongyang Ma
- Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, The Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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13
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Wang Y, Riaz F, Wang W, Pu J, Liang Y, Wu Z, Pan S, Song J, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wu H, Han F, Tang J, Wang X. Functional significance of DNA methylation: epigenetic insights into Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1289492. [PMID: 38510251 PMCID: PMC10950951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1289492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic, highly diverse, and chronic autoimmune disease with a significant global prevalence. It is a complex condition that requires careful management and monitoring. Recent research indicates that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the pathophysiology of SjS by modulating gene expression and genome stability. DNA methylation, a form of epigenetic modification, is the fundamental mechanism that modifies the expression of various genes by modifying the transcriptional availability of regulatory regions within the genome. In general, adding a methyl group to DNA is linked with the inhibition of genes because it changes the chromatin structure. DNA methylation changes the fate of multiple immune cells, such as it leads to the transition of naïve lymphocytes to effector lymphocytes. A lack of central epigenetic enzymes frequently results in abnormal immune activation. Alterations in epigenetic modifications within immune cells or salivary gland epithelial cells are frequently detected during the pathogenesis of SjS, representing a robust association with autoimmune responses. The analysis of genome methylation is a beneficial tool for establishing connections between epigenetic changes within different cell types and their association with SjS. In various studies related to SjS, most differentially methylated regions are in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus. Notably, the demethylation of various sites in the genome is often observed in SjS patients. The most strongly linked differentially methylated regions in SjS patients are found within genes regulated by type I interferon. This demethylation process is partly related to B-cell infiltration and disease progression. In addition, DNA demethylation of the runt-related transcription factor (RUNX1) gene, lymphotoxin-α (LTA), and myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is associated with SjS. It may assist the early diagnosis of SjS by serving as a potential biomarker. Therefore, this review offers a detailed insight into the function of DNA methylation in SjS and helps researchers to identify potential biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Farooq Riaz
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jincheng Pu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lufei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihong Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Yang H, Sun C, Wang X, Wang T, Xie C, Li Z. Identification of ferroptosis-related diagnostic markers in primary Sjögren's syndrome based on machine learning. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2024; 29:e203-e210. [PMID: 37823298 PMCID: PMC10945879 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.26190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a common autoimmune disorder that affects up to 0.3-3% of the global population. Ferroptosis has recently been identified to play a significant role in autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in the initiation and progression of pSS remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of pSS, we utilized a comprehensive approach by integrating data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database with data from the FerrDb database to identify the ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Furthermore, we implemented an innovative transcriptomic analysis method utilizing a computer-aided algorithm to establish a network between hub genes associated with ferroptosis and the immune microenvironment in pSS patients. RESULTS Our results revealed significant differences in the gene expression profiles of pSS samples compared to normal tissues, with 1,830 significantly up-regulated genes and 1,310 significantly down-regulated genes. In addition, our results showed a significant increase in the proportions of B cells and CD4+ T cells in pSS samples compared to normal tissues. AND then, our analysis revealed that a combination of six ferroptosis-related genes, including TBK1, SLC1A4, PIK3CA, ENO3, EGR1, and ATG5, could serve as optimal markers for the diagnosis of pSS. The combined analysis of these six genes accurately diagnosed the occurrence of pSS. CONCLUSIONS This study offers valuable insights into the pathogenesis of pSS and highlights the importance of targeting ferroptosis-related DEGs, which suggests a novel treatment strategy for pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
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Takakura Y, Machida M, Terada N, Katsumi Y, Kawamura S, Horie K, Miyauchi M, Ishikawa T, Akiyama N, Seki T, Miyao T, Hayama M, Endo R, Ishii H, Maruyama Y, Hagiwara N, Kobayashi TJ, Yamaguchi N, Takano H, Akiyama T, Yamaguchi N. Mitochondrial protein C15ORF48 is a stress-independent inducer of autophagy that regulates oxidative stress and autoimmunity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:953. [PMID: 38296961 PMCID: PMC10831050 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is primarily activated by cellular stress, such as starvation or mitochondrial damage. However, stress-independent autophagy is activated by unclear mechanisms in several cell types, such as thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Here we report that the mitochondrial protein, C15ORF48, is a critical inducer of stress-independent autophagy. Mechanistically, C15ORF48 reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential and lowers intracellular ATP levels, thereby activating AMP-activated protein kinase and its downstream Unc-51-like kinase 1. Interestingly, C15ORF48-dependent induction of autophagy upregulates intracellular glutathione levels, promoting cell survival by reducing oxidative stress. Mice deficient in C15orf48 show a reduction in stress-independent autophagy in TECs, but not in typical starvation-induced autophagy in skeletal muscles. Moreover, C15orf48-/- mice develop autoimmunity, which is consistent with the fact that the stress-independent autophagy in TECs is crucial for the thymic self-tolerance. These results suggest that C15ORF48 induces stress-independent autophagy, thereby regulating oxidative stress and self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takakura
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Moeka Machida
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Natsumi Terada
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuka Katsumi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Seika Kawamura
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kenta Horie
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maki Miyauchi
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nobuko Akiyama
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takao Seki
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyao
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mio Hayama
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Rin Endo
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ishii
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuya Maruyama
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naho Hagiwara
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya J Kobayashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takano
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taishin Akiyama
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
- Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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Shen Y, Yu X, Wang Q, Yao X, Lu D, Zhou D, Wang X. Association between primary Sjögren's syndrome and gut microbiota disruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:603-619. [PMID: 37682372 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of gut microbiota disruption for numerous autoimmune diseases has accumulated. Recently, the relationship between the microbiota and primary Sjögren's disease has been increasingly investigated but has yet to be systematically elucidated. Therefore, a meta-analysis of publications dealing on topic was conducted. Case-control studies comparing primary Sjögren's syndrome patients and healthy controls (HCs) were systematically searched in nine databases from inception to March 1, 2023. The primary result quantitatively evaluated in this meta-analysis was the α-diversity. The secondary results qualitatively extracted and analyzed were the β-diversity and relative abundance. In total, 22 case-control studies covering 915 pSS patients and 2103 HCs were examined. The quantitative analysis revealed a slight reduction in α-diversity in pSS patients compared to HCs, with a lower Shannon-Wiener index (SMD = - 0.46, (- 0.68, - 0.25), p < 0.0001, I2 = 71%), Chao1 richness estimator (SMD = - 0.59, (- 0.86, - 0.32), p < 0.0001, I2 = 81%), and ACE index (SMD = - 0.92, (- 1.64, - 0.19), p = 0.01, I2 = 86%). However, the Simpson index (SMD = 0.01, (- 0.43, 0.46) p = 0.95, I2 = 86%) was similar in the two groups. The β-diversity significantly differed between pSS patients and HCs. Variations in the abundance of specific microbes and their metabolites and potential functions contribute to the pSS pathogenesis. Notably, the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes decreased, while that of Proteobacteria increased. SCFA-producing microbes including Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, and Eubacterium hallii were depleted. In addition to diversity, the abundances of some specific microbes were related to clinical parameters. According to this systematic review and meta-analysis, gut microbiota dysbiosis, including reduced diversity, was associated with proinflammatory bacterium enrichment and anti-inflammatory bacterium depletion in pSS patients. Further research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and pSS is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingqi Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghai Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xinchang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Kopach O, Pivneva T, Fedirko N, Voitenko N. Mitochondrial malfunction mediates impaired cholinergic Ca 2+ signalling and submandibular salivary gland dysfunction in diabetes. Neuropharmacology 2024; 243:109789. [PMID: 37972885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Xerostomia (dry-mouth syndrome) is a painful and debilitating condition that frequently occurs in individuals with diabetes and is associated with impaired saliva production and salivary gland hypofunction. Saliva fluid production relies on Ca2+-coupled secretion driven by neurotransmitter stimulation of submandibular acinar cells. Although impairments in intracellular Ca2+ signalling have been reported in various xerostomia models, the specific Ca2+-dependent mechanisms underlying saliva fluid hypofunction in diabetes remain unclear. In this study, we show that diabetic animals exhibit severe xerostomia, evident by reduced saliva flow rate, diminished total protein content, and decreased amylase activity in the saliva secreted by submandibular glands. These impairments remained resistant to exogenous cholinergic stimulation. In submandibular acinar cells, the intracellular Ca2+ signals evoked by cholinergic stimulation were reduced and delayed in diabetes, caused by malfunctioning mitochondria. Upon initiation of cholinergic-evoked Ca2+ signals, mitochondria accumulate higher Ca2+ and fail to redistribute Ca2+ influx and facilitate the store-operated Ca2+ entry effectively. Structural damage to mitochondria was evident in the acinar cells in diabetes. These findings provide insights into the potential targeting of malfunctioning mitochondria for the treatment of diabetic xerostomia as an alternative strategy to the existing pharmacotherapeutic approaches. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Ukrainian Neuroscience".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kopach
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine; Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Tetyana Pivneva
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine; Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Nana Voitenko
- Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine; Dobrobut Academy Medical School, Kyiv, Ukraine
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18
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Song W, Liu H, Su Y, Zhao Q, Wang X, Cheng P, Wang H. Current developments and opportunities of pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for salivary gland hypofunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1346996. [PMID: 38313227 PMCID: PMC10834761 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1346996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) caused by systemic disease, drugs, aging, and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer can cause dry mouth, which increases the risk of disorders such as periodontitis, taste disorders, pain and burning sensations in the mouth, dental caries, and dramatically reduces the quality of life of patients. To date, the treatment of SGH is still aimed at relieving patients' clinical symptoms and improving their quality of life, and is not able to repair and regenerate the damaged salivary glands. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs), are an emerging source of cellular therapies that are capable of unlimited proliferation and differentiation into cells of all three germ layers. In recent years, the immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative effects of PSCs, their derived cells, and paracrine products of these cells have received increasing attention and have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in some preclinical studies targeting SGH. This review outlined the etiologies and available treatments for SGH. The existing efficacy and potential role of PSCs, their derived cells and paracrine products of these cells for SGH are summarized, with a focus on PSC-derived salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (SGS/PCs) and PSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this Review, we provide a conceptual outline of our current understanding of PSCs-based therapy and its importance in SGH treatment, which may inform and serve the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Research and Development Department, Allife Medicine Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Kabeerdoss J, Devarajalu P, Sandhya P. DNA methylation profiling of labial salivary gland tissues revealed hypomethylation of B-cell-related genes in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09453-0. [PMID: 38233689 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this epigenetic study was to investigate the cellular proportions based on DNA methylation signatures and pathways of differentially methylated genes in labial salivary gland (LSG) tissues of individuals with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Two methylation array datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository (GSE166373 and GSE110007) were utilized, consisting of 159 LSG tissues from 77 SS cases and 82 non-SS controls. The raw data underwent analysis using the Chip Analysis Methylation Pipeline (ChAMP) in R statistical tool, which identified differential methylation probes and regions. The EpiDISH and minfi packages in R were employed to identify proportions of epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, as well as immune cell subsets. The results showed that proportions of immune cells were increased, while proportions of epithelial cells and fibroblasts were significantly decreased in the LSG of individuals with SS compared to non-SS controls. Specifically, proportions of B-cells and CD8 T-cells were increased, while CD4 T-cells, Treg, monocytes, and neutrophils were decreased in the LSG of individuals with SS. Pathway analysis indicated that genes involved in immune responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection were significantly hypomethylated in SS, and gene set enrichment analysis highlighted the hypomethylation of genes involved in the somatic recombination of immune receptors in SS. Additionally, Disease Ontology analysis showed enriched pathways related to multiple myeloma, arthritis, and the human immunodeficiency virus. The study also revealed significant hypomethylation of the WAS gene on chromosome X in LSG tissues of individuals with SS. Overall, the findings suggest an increased proportion of B-cells and genes related to B-cell function, as well as hypomethylation of genes involved in immune responses and immune receptor recombination, in LSG tissues of individuals with SS compared to non-SS controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakanthan Kabeerdoss
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Prabavathi Devarajalu
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
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20
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Tokumasu R, Yasuhara R, Kang S, Funatsu T, Mishima K. Transcription factor FoxO1 regulates myoepithelial cell diversity and growth. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1069. [PMID: 38212454 PMCID: PMC10784559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland myoepithelial cells regulate saliva secretion and have been implicated in the histological diversity of salivary gland tumors. However, detailed functional analysis of myoepithelial cells has not been determined owing to the few of the specific marker to isolate them. We isolated myoepithelial cells from the submandibular glands of adult mice using the epithelial marker EpCAM and the cell adhesion molecule CD49f as indicators and found predominant expression of the transcription factor FoxO1 in these cells. RNA-sequence analysis revealed that the expression of cell cycle regulators was negatively regulated in FoxO1-overexpressing cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that FoxO1 bound to the p21/p27 promoter DNA, indicating that FoxO1 suppresses cell proliferation through these factors. In addition, FoxO1 induced the expression of ectodysplasin A (Eda) and its receptor Eda2r, which are known to be associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and are involved in salivary gland development in myoepithelial cells. FoxO1 inhibitors suppressed Eda/Eda2r expression and salivary gland development in primordial organ cultures after mesenchymal removal. Although mesenchymal cells are considered a source of Eda, myoepithelial cells might be one of the resources of Eda. These results suggest that FoxO1 regulates myoepithelial cell proliferation and Eda secretion during salivary gland development in myoepithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino Tokumasu
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
- Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Rika Yasuhara
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Seya Kang
- Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, Department of Perioperative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Funatsu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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21
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Son GY, Zou A, Wahl A, Huang KT, Vinu M, Zorgit S, Zhou F, Wagner L, Idaghdour Y, Yule DI, Feske S, Lacruz RS. Loss of STIM1 and STIM2 in salivary glands disrupts ANO1 function but does not induce Sjogren's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.08.574702. [PMID: 38260625 PMCID: PMC10802497 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.574702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Sjogren's disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by xerostomia (dry mouth), lymphocytic infiltration into salivary glands and the presence of SSA and SSB autoantibodies. Xerostomia is caused by hypofunction of the salivary glands and has been involved in the development of SjD. Saliva production is regulated by parasympathetic input into the glands initiating intracellular Ca 2+ signals that activate the store operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) pathway eliciting sustained Ca 2+ influx. SOCE is mediated by the STIM1 and STIM2 proteins and the ORAI1 Ca 2+ channel. However, there are no studies on the effects of lack of STIM1/2 function in salivary acini in animal models and its impact on SjD. Here we report that male and female mice lacking Stim1 and Stim2 ( Stim1/2 K14Cre ) in salivary glands showed reduced intracellular Ca 2+ levels via SOCE in parotid acini and hyposalivate upon pilocarpine stimulation. Bulk RNASeq of the parotid glands of Stim1/2 K14Cre mice showed a decrease in the expression of Stim1/2 but no other Ca 2+ associated genes mediating saliva fluid secretion. SOCE was however functionally required for the activation of the Ca 2+ activated chloride channel ANO1. Despite hyposalivation, ageing Stim1/2 K14Cre mice showed no evidence of lymphocytic infiltration in the glands or elevated levels of SSA or SSB autoantibodies in the serum, which may be linked to the downregulation of the toll-like receptor 8 ( Tlr8 ). By contrast, salivary gland biopsies of SjD patients showed increased STIM1 and TLR8 expression, and induction of SOCE in a salivary gland cell line increased the expression of TLR8 . Our data demonstrate that SOCE is an important activator of ANO1 function and saliva fluid secretion in salivary glands. They also provide a novel link between SOCE and TLR8 signaling which may explain why loss of SOCE does not result in SjD.
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22
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Tang Y, Zhou Y, Wang X, Che N, Tian J, Man K, Rui K, Peng N, Lu L. The role of epithelial cells in the immunopathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:57-67. [PMID: 37134025 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunction of the affected exocrine glands. Lymphocytic infiltration within the inflamed glands and aberrant B-cell hyperactivation are the two salient pathologic features in Sjögren's syndrome. Increasing evidence indicates that salivary gland epithelial cells act as a key regulator in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome, as revealed by the dysregulated innate immune signaling pathways in salivary gland epithelium and increased expression of various proinflammatory molecules as well as their interaction with immune cells. In addition, salivary gland epithelial cells can regulate adaptive immune responses as nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells and promote the activation and differentiation of infiltrated immune cells. Moreover, the local inflammatory milieu can modulate the survival of salivary gland epithelial cells, leading to enhanced apoptosis and pyroptosis with the release of intracellular autoantigens, which further contributes to SG autoimmune inflammation and tissue destruction in Sjögren's syndrome. Herein, we reviewed recent advances in elucidating the role of salivary gland epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome, which may provide rationales for potential therapeutic targeting of salivary gland epithelial cells to alleviate salivary gland dysfunction alongside treatments with immunosuppressive reagents in Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second People's Hospital of Three Gorges University, College street, Xiling District, Yichang, China
| | - Nan Che
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second People's Hospital of Three Gorges University, College street, Xiling District, Yichang, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Qiu X, Wang B, Gong H, Bu S, Li P, Zhao R, Li M, Zhu L, Huo X. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome in primary Sjögren syndrome. Genomics 2024; 116:110767. [PMID: 38128705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a intricate autoimmune disease mainly characterized of immune-mediated destruction of exocrine tissues, such as salivary and lacrimal glands, occurring dry mouth and eyes. Although some breakthroughs in understanding pSS have been uncovered, many questions remain about its pathogenesis, especially the internal relations between exocrine glands and secretions. METHOD Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were conducted on salivary tissues and saliva in experimental Sjögren syndrome (ESS). The ESS model was established by immunization with salivary gland protein. The expression of mRNAs and proteins in salivary tissues and saliva were determined by high-throughput sequencing transcriptomic analysis and LC-MS/MS-based proteome, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used to recognize dysregulated genes and proteins. The association between RNA and protein abundance was investigated to provides a comprehensive understanding of RNA-protein correlations in the pathogenesis of pSS. RESULTS As a result, we successfully established the ESS model. We recognized 3221 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 253 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The sample analysis showed that 61 proteins overlapped through the integrative analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics data. The enrichment pathway analysis of DEGs and DEPs in samples showed alterations in renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), lysosome, and apoptosis. Notably, we found that some genes, such as AGT, FN1, Klk1b26, Klk1, Klk1b5, Klk1b3 had a consistent trend in the regulation at the RNA and protein levels and might be potential diagnostic biomarkers of pSS. CONCLUSION Herein, we found critical processes and potential biomakers that may contribute to pSS pathogenesis by analyzing dysregulated genes and pathways. Additionally, the integrative multi-omics datasets provided additional insight into understanding complicated disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beijia Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongxiao Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Su Bu
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Runzhi Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mingde Li
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Xingxing Huo
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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24
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Warner B, Pranzatelli T, Perez P, Ku A, Matuck BF, Huynh K, Sakai S, Abed M, Jang SI, Yamada E, Dominick K, Ahmed Z, Oliver A, Wasikowski R, Easter Q, Magone MT, Baer A, Pelayo E, Khavandgar Z, Gupta S, Kleiner D, Lessard C, Farris A, Martin D, Morell R, Zheng C, Rachmaninoff N, Maldonado-Ortiz J, Qu X, Aure M, Dezfulian M, Lake R, Teichmann S, Barber D, Tsoi L, Sowalsky A, Tyc K, Gudjonsson J, Byrd K, Johnson P, Liu J, Chiorini J. GZMK+CD8+ T cells Target a Specific Acinar Cell Type in Sjögren's Disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3601404. [PMID: 38196575 PMCID: PMC10775371 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3601404/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Sjögren's Disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disease without a clear etiology or effective therapy. Utilizing unbiased single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to analyze human minor salivary glands in health and disease we developed a comprehensive understanding of the cellular landscape of healthy salivary glands and how that landscape changes in SjD patients. We identified novel seromucous acinar cell types and identified a population of PRR4+CST3+WFDC2- seromucous acinar cells that are particularly targeted in SjD. Notably, GZMK+CD8 T cells, enriched in SjD, exhibited a cytotoxic phenotype and were physically associated with immune-engaged epithelial cells in disease. These findings shed light on the immune response's impact on transitioning acinar cells with high levels of secretion and explain the loss of this specific cell population in SjD. This study explores the complex interplay of varied cell types in the salivary glands and their role in the pathology of Sjögren's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Warner
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | | | - Anson Ku
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | | | | | | | - Mehdi Abed
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | - Eiko Yamada
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Kalie Dominick
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Zara Ahmed
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan Baer
- Sjögren's Clinical Investigations Team, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | - Zohreh Khavandgar
- Sjögren's Clinical Investigations Team, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Sarthak Gupta
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
| | - David Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Christopher Lessard
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - A Farris
- Oklahoma Medical Research Fd. OMRF
| | | | - Robert Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institutes on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH
| | - Changyu Zheng
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | | | - Xufeng Qu
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Marit Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis (LCGP) Microscopy Core Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | | | - Daniel Barber
- T-lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
| | - Lam Tsoi
- Medical University of South Carolina
| | | | - Katarzyna Tyc
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Kevin Byrd
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute
| | - Philip Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park
| | | | - John Chiorini
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
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25
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Dezfulian MH, Kula T, Pranzatelli T, Kamitaki N, Meng Q, Khatri B, Perez P, Xu Q, Chang A, Kohlgruber AC, Leng Y, Jupudi AA, Joachims ML, Chiorini JA, Lessard CJ, Darise Farris A, Muthuswamy SK, Warner BM, Elledge SJ. TScan-II: A genome-scale platform for the de novo identification of CD4 + T cell epitopes. Cell 2023; 186:5569-5586.e21. [PMID: 38016469 PMCID: PMC10841602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play fundamental roles in orchestrating immune responses and tissue homeostasis. However, our inability to associate peptide human leukocyte antigen class-II (HLA-II) complexes with their cognate T cell receptors (TCRs) in an unbiased manner has hampered our understanding of CD4+ T cell function and role in pathologies. Here, we introduce TScan-II, a highly sensitive genome-scale CD4+ antigen discovery platform. This platform seamlessly integrates the endogenous HLA-II antigen-processing machinery in synthetic antigen-presenting cells and TCR signaling in T cells, enabling the simultaneous screening of multiple HLAs and TCRs. Leveraging genome-scale human, virome, and epitope mutagenesis libraries, TScan-II facilitates de novo antigen discovery and deep exploration of TCR specificity. We demonstrate TScan-II's potential for basic and translational research by identifying a non-canonical antigen for a cancer-reactive CD4+ T cell clone. Additionally, we identified two antigens for clonally expanded CD4+ T cells in Sjögren's disease, which bind distinct HLAs and are expressed in HLA-II-positive ductal cells within affected salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Dezfulian
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomasz Kula
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Pranzatelli
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nolan Kamitaki
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qingda Meng
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bhuwan Khatri
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Paola Perez
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qikai Xu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayano C Kohlgruber
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yumei Leng
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ananth Aditya Jupudi
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Departmentment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michelle L Joachims
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - John A Chiorini
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A Darise Farris
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Departmentment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake M Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhou J, Pathak JL, Liu Q, Hu S, Cao T, Watanabe N, Huo Y, Li J. Modes and Mechanisms of Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Death in Sjogren's Syndrome. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300173. [PMID: 37409392 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease in middle and old-aged women with a dry mucosal surface, which is caused by the dysfunction of secretory glands, such as the oral cavity, eyeballs, and pharynx. Pathologically, Sjogren's syndrome are characterized by lymphocyte infiltration into the exocrine glands and epithelial cell destruction caused by autoantibodies Ro/SSA and La/SSB. At present, the exact pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome is unclear. Evidence suggests epithelial cell death and the subsequent dysfunction of salivary glands as the main causes of xerostomia. This review summarizes the modes of salivary gland epithelial cell death and their role in Sjogren's syndrome progression. The molecular mechanisms involved in salivary gland epithelial cell death during Sjogren's syndrome as potential leads to treating the disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Janak Lal Pathak
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Shilin Hu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Tingting Cao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yongliang Huo
- Experimental Animal Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
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Li SJ, Cheng RJ, Wei SX, Xia ZJ, Pu YY, Liu Y. Advances in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles therapy for Sjogren's syndrome-related dry eye disease. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109716. [PMID: 37951337 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects exocrine glands, particularly lacrimal glands, leading to dry eye disease (DED). DED is a common ocular surface disease that affects millions of people worldwide, causing discomfort, visual impairment, and even blindness in severe cases. However, there is no definitive cure for DED, and existing treatments primarily relieve symptoms. Consequently, there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies based on the pathophysiology of DED. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool for various autoimmune disorders, including SS-related DED (SS-DED). A particularly intriguing facet of MSCs is their ability to produce extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain various bioactive components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These molecules play a key role in facilitating communication between cells and modulating a wide range of biological processes. Importantly, MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have therapeutic properties similar to those of their parent cells, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. In addition, MSC-EVs offer several notable advantages over intact MSCs, including lower immunogenicity, reduced risk of tumorigenicity, and greater convenience in terms of storage and transport. In this review, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms of SS-DED and discuss the relevant mechanisms and targets of MSC-EVs in treating SS-DED. In addition, we comprehensively review the broader landscape of EV application in autoimmune and corneal diseases. This review focuses on the efficacy of MSC-EVs in treating SS-DED, a field of study that holds considerable appeal due to its multifaceted regulation of immune responses and regenerative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jia Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264099, China
| | - Rui-Juan Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Shi-Xiong Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zi-Jing Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yao-Yu Pu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Zong Y, Yang Y, Zhao J, Li L, Luo D, Hu J, Gao Y, Wei L, Li N, Jiang L. Characterisation of macrophage infiltration and polarisation based on integrated transcriptomic and histological analyses in Primary Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292146. [PMID: 38022546 PMCID: PMC10656691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease. Immune cell infiltration into glandular lobules and ducts and glandular destruction are the pathophysiological hallmarks of pSS. Macrophages are one of the most important cells involved in the induction and regulation of an inflammatory microenvironment. Although studies have reported that an abnormal tissue microenvironment alters the metabolic reprogramming and polarisation status of macrophages, the mechanisms driving macrophage infiltration and polarisation in pSS remain unclear. Methods Immune cell subsets were characterised using the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with pSS (n = 5) and healthy individuals (n = 5) in a public dataset. To evaluate macrophage infiltration and polarisation in target tissues, labial salivary gland biopsy tissues were subjected to histological staining and bulk RNA-seq (pSS samples, n = 24; non-pSS samples, n = 12). RNA-seq data were analysed for the construction of macrophage co-expression modules, enrichment of biological processes and deconvolution-based screening of immune cell types. Results Detailed mapping of PBMCs using scRNA-seq revealed five major immune cell subsets in pSS, namely, T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and monocyte-macrophages. The monocyte-macrophage subset was large and had strong inflammatory gene signatures. This subset was found to play an important role in the generation of reactive oxygen species and communicate with other innate and adaptive immune cells. Histological staining revealed that the number of tissue-resident macrophages was high in damaged glandular tissues, with the cells persistently surrounding the tissues. Analysis of RNA-seq data using multiple algorithms demonstrated that the high abundance of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages was accompanied by the high abundance of other infiltrating immune cells, senescence-associated secretory phenotype and evident metabolic reprogramming. Conclusion Macrophages are among the most abundant innate immune cells in PBMCs and glandular tissues in patients with pSS. A bidirectional relationship exists between macrophage polarisation and the inflammatory microenvironment, which may serve as a therapeutic target for pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zong
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Vegni F, Feraco A, Policardo F, Tralongo P, De Stefano I, Ferraro G, Zhang Q, Carlino A, Navarra E, Mulè A, Rossi ED. Cystic lesions in the salivary gland. Pitfalls to be avoided on cytology. Cytopathology 2023; 34:542-550. [PMID: 37377125 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Cystic lesions of the salivary glands are very uncommon entities. However, on occasion, some neoplasms of the salivary glands show a cystic component, which may be predominant or only partially cystic. Basal cell adenoma, canalicular adenoma, oncocytoma, sebaceous adenoma, intraductal papilloma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, intraductal carcinoma, and secretory carcinoma are such cystic entities. Cystic degeneration and necrosis, which can develop within solid tumours, represent another possibility. The ability to recognise this type of lesion is a challenge in diagnostic cytology because hypocellular fluid is frequently recovered. Furthermore, evaluating all of the differential diagnoses for cystic lesions of the salivary glands is helpful in obtaining the correct diagnosis. Herein, we evaluate the various types of cystic lesions within the salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vegni
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Feraco
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Policardo
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Tralongo
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia De Stefano
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferraro
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Carlino
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Navarra
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Esther Diana Rossi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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30
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Xiang N, Xu H, Zhou Z, Wang J, Cai P, Wang L, Tan Z, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Zhou J, Liu K, Luo S, Fang M, Wang G, Chen Z, Guo C, Li X. Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals immune and stromal cell heterogeneity in primary Sjögren's syndrome. iScience 2023; 26:107943. [PMID: 37810210 PMCID: PMC10558796 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and exocrine dysfunction, particularly affecting the salivary gland (SG). We employed single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate cellular heterogeneity in 11 patients with pSS and 5 non-SS controls. Notably, patients with pSS exhibited downregulated SOX9 in myoepithelial cells, potentially associated with impaired epithelial regeneration. An expanded ACKR1+ endothelial subpopulation in patients with pSS suggested a role in facilitating lymphocyte transendothelial migration. Our analysis of immune cells revealed expanded IGHD+ naive B cells in peripheral blood from patients with pSS. Pseudotime trajectory analysis outlined a bifurcated differentiation pathway for peripheral B cells, enriching three subtypes (VPREB3+ B, BANK1+ B, CD83+ B cells) within SGs in patients with pSS. Fibroblasts emerged as pivotal components in a stromal-immune interaction network, potentially driving extracellular matrix disruption, epithelial regeneration impairment, and inflammation. Our study illuminates immune and stromal cell heterogeneity in patients with pSS, offering insights into therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yingbo Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tianping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Songwen Luo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Minghao Fang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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Zhang N, Ji C, Bao X, Peng X, Tang M, Yuan C. Uncovering potential new biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics in primary Sjögren's syndrome by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35534. [PMID: 37832090 PMCID: PMC10578719 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is known as autoimmune disease characterized by damage to endocrine glands, such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for pSS using integrated bioinformatics analysis and explore the relationship between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune infiltration. Three pSS datasets (GSE7451, GSE23117, and GSE40611) from the gene expression omnibus database were integrated. All the datasets were processed in R (version 4.0.3). A total of 16 immune cells and 13 immune functions were obtained. The top immune cell and immune function were "activated" dendritic cells and major histocompatibility complex class I. Correlation analysis showed the top correlation among 16 immune cells were B cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, check-point and T cell co-stimulation, respectively. In comparisons of immune score, "activated" dendritic cells (.657 vs 594, P < .001), B cells (.492 vs 434, P = .004), macrophages (.631 vs 601, P = .010), inflammation-promoting (.545 vs 478, P < .001), Type I interferon Reponse (.728 vs 625, P < .001) and so on were higher in pSS than control group. In correlation analysis, the up-regulation of interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 gene was strongly correlated with Type I interferon response with a correlation coefficient of .87. The receiver operating characteristic curve of 5 genes showed that the area under curve was.891. In the verification model, the area under curve was.881. In addition, disease ontology analysis supported the association between DEGs and pSS. In summary, pSS has a variety of DEGs in immune infiltration, which is worthy of the attention from clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Chaixia Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Xiao Bao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Xinyin Peng
- Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoju Tang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chengliang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
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32
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Polmear J, Hailes L, Olshansky M, Rischmueller M, L'Estrange‐Stranieri E, Fletcher AL, Hibbs ML, Bryant VL, Good‐Jacobson KL. Targeting BMI-1 to deplete antibody-secreting cells in autoimmunity. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1470. [PMID: 37799772 PMCID: PMC10550498 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives B cells drive the production of autoreactive antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome, causing long-term organ damage. Current treatments for antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases target B cells or broadly suppress the immune system. However, pre-existing long-lived ASCs are often refractory to treatment, leaving a reservoir of autoreactive cells that continue to produce antibodies. Therefore, the development of novel treatment methods targeting ASCs is vital to improve patient outcomes. Our objective was to test whether targeting the epigenetic regulator BMI-1 could deplete ASCs in autoimmune conditions in vivo and in vitro. Methods Use of a BMI-1 inhibitor in both mouse and human autoimmune settings was investigated. Lyn -/- mice, a model of SLE, were treated with the BMI-1 small molecule inhibitor PTC-028, before assessment of ASCs, serum antibody and immune complexes. To examine human ASC survival, a novel human fibroblast-based assay was established, and the impact of PTC-028 on ASCs derived from Sjögren's syndrome patients was evaluated. Results BMI-1 inhibition significantly decreased splenic and bone marrow ASCs in Lyn -/- mice. The decline in ASCs was linked to aberrant cell cycle gene expression and led to a significant decrease in serum IgG3, immune complexes and anti-DNA IgG. PTC-028 was also efficacious in reducing ex vivo plasma cell survival from both Sjögren's syndrome patients and age-matched healthy donors. Conclusion These data provide evidence that inhibiting BMI-1 can deplete ASC in a variety of contexts and thus BMI-1 is a viable therapeutic target for antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Polmear
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Lauren Hailes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Moshe Olshansky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Maureen Rischmueller
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Basil Hetzel InstituteWoodville SouthSAAustralia
- Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | | | - Anne L Fletcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Research AllianceMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Vanessa L Bryant
- Immunology DivisionWalter & Eliza Hall InstituteParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Clinical Immunology & AllergyThe Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Kim L Good‐Jacobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
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33
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Peng X, Hou L, Wu X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zeng P, Yang Y, Ma W, Yang P. The plasma exosomes from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome contain epithelial cell-derived proteins involved in ferroptosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1289-1304. [PMID: 37656227 PMCID: PMC10560162 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease represented by exocrine gland epithelial cell lesions. However, the mechanism underlying these lesions remains unclear. This study analyzed the plasma exosomes of pSS patients using proteomics and revealed the presence of 24 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in the primary biological processes and signaling pathways related to ferroptosis. The DEPs enriched in the ferroptosis-related items were represented by downregulated ceruloplasmin (CP) and transferrin (TF). CC analysis of GO enrichment showed that CP and TF were localized at the apical plasma membrane, which is currently found only in epithelial cells. PPI analysis indicated that these exosomal DEPs formed a clustering network containing CP and TF. Among them, C5, C9, Haptoglobin (HP), and SERPING1 interacted directly with CP and TF. Notably, the expression of these proteins significantly decreased in both the pSS and secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS) plasma exosomes but not in non-autoimmune sicca syndrome (nSS). In addition, their expression levels were significantly different in the exosomes and plasma. More importantly, the plasma and salivary exosomes of pSS patients contain higher levels of exocrine gland epithelial autoantigens SSA and SSB than those of healthy controls, and epithelial cells with positive labial glands biopsy (LGB) were more susceptible to ferroptosis than those with negative LGB. The results indicated that ferroptosis may be closely related to SS epithelial cell lesions. KEY MESSAGES: • pSS plasma exosomes contain epithelial cell-derived proteins involved in ferroptosis. • Complement C5 and C9 may be new molecules involved in ferroptosis and play a crucial role in pSS epithelial cell pathology. • The serum exosomes from pSS patients, not nSS patients, contain ferroptosis-related proteins. • The changes in the ferroptosis-related protein content in the exosomes can better reflect the state of the epithelial cell lesions than those in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Zhengqi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Wukai Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China.
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Mieliauskaitė D, Kontenis V. Insights into Microbiota in Sjögren's Syndrome. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1661. [PMID: 37763780 PMCID: PMC10535499 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a heterogeneous chronic autoimmune disorder with multiple clinical manifestations that can develop into non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is not completely understood, but it is assumed that pathogenesis of SS is multifactorial. The microbiota plays a notable role in the development of autoimmune disorders, including Sjögren's syndrome. Molecular mimicry, metabolite changes and epithelial tolerance breakdown are pathways that might help to clarify the potential contribution of the microbiota to SS pathogenesis. This review aims to provide an overview of recent studies describing microbiota changes and microbiota mechanisms associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Data on the microbiota in SS from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases are summarized. Overall, the microbiota makes a major contribution to the development of Sjögren's syndrome and progression. Future microbiota studies should improve the management of this heterogeneous autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mieliauskaitė
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Experimental, Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Santariskių St. 5, LT-08405 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Wang M, Gao M, Yi Z. Biological effects of IL-33/ST2 axis on oral diseases: autoimmune diseases and periodontal diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110524. [PMID: 37393839 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-33 is a relatively new member of the IL-1 cytokine family, which plays a unique role in autoimmune diseases, particularly some oral diseases dominated by immune factors. The IL-33/ST2 axis is the main pathway by which IL-33 signals affect downstream cells to produce an inflammatory response or tissue repair. As a newly discovered pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-33 can participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune oral diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome and Behcet's disease. Moreover, the IL-33/ST2 axis also recruits and activates mast cells in periodontitis, producing inflammatory chemokines and mediating gingival inflammation and alveolar bone destruction. Interestingly, the high expression of IL-33 in the alveolar bone, which exhibits anti-osteoclast effects under appropriate mechanical loading, also confirms its dual role of destruction and repair in an immune-mediated periodontal environment. This study reviewed the biological effects of IL-33 in autoimmune oral diseases, periodontitis and periodontal bone metabolism, and elaborated its potential role and impact as a disease enhancer or a repair factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingcen Gao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Yi
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Otsuka H, Nonaka N, Nakamura M, Soeta S. Histamine deficiency inhibits lymphocyte infiltration in the submandibular gland of aged mice via increased anti-aging factor Klotho. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:243-252. [PMID: 37343785 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Histidine decarboxylase (HDC), a histamine synthase, is expressed in various tissues and is induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα. As they age, C57BL/6 mice show auto-antibody deposition and lymphocyte infiltration into various tissues, including salivary glands. However, the mechanism underlying cell infiltration and the change in HDC expression in salivary glands with aging remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between histamine and inflammaging. METHODS We investigated the change in histology and HDC expression in the major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) of 6-week- and 9-month-old wild-type mice. We also determined the histological changes, cytokine expression, and anti-aging factor Klotho in the salivary glands of 9-month-old wild-type and HDC-deficient (HDC-KO) mice. RESULTS Cell infiltration was observed in the submandibular gland of 9-month-old wild-type mice. Although most cells infiltrating the submandibular glands were CD3-positive and B220-positive lymphocytes, CD11c-positive and F4/80-positive monocyte lineages were also detected. HDC, TNFα, and IL-1β mRNA expression increased in the submandibular gland of 9-month-old wild-type mice. The expression of PPARγ, an anti-inflammatory protein, declined in 9-month-old wild-type mice, and Klotho expression increased in 9-month-old HDC-KO mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that Klotho-positive cells disappeared in the submandibular gland of 9-month-old wild-type mice, while Klotho was detected in all salivary glands in HDC-KO mice of the same age. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the multifunctionality of histamine and can aid in the development of novel therapeutic methods for inflammatory diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome and age-related dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotada Otsuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Soeta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
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Naito R, Ohmura K, Higuchi S, Nakai W, Kohyama M, Mimori T, Morinobu A, Arase H. Positive and negative regulation of the Fcγ receptor-stimulating activity of RNA-containing immune complexes by RNase. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167799. [PMID: 37432743 PMCID: PMC10543717 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The U1RNP complex, Ro/SSA, and La/SSB are major RNA-containing autoantigens. Immune complexes (ICs) composed of RNA-containing autoantigens and autoantibodies are suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of some systemic autoimmune diseases. Therefore, RNase treatment, which degrades RNA in ICs, has been tested in clinical trials as a potential therapeutic agent. However, no studies to our knowledge have specifically evaluated the effect of RNase treatment on the Fcγ receptor-stimulating (FcγR-stimulating) activity of RNA-containing ICs. In this study, using a reporter system that specifically detects FcγR-stimulating capacity, we investigated the effect of RNase treatment on the FcγR-stimulating activity of RNA-containing ICs composed of autoantigens and autoantibodies from patients with systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. We found that RNase enhanced the FcγR-stimulating activity of Ro/SSA- and La/SSB-containing ICs, but attenuated that of the U1RNP complex-containing ICs. RNase decreased autoantibody binding to the U1RNP complex, but increased autoantibody binding to Ro/SSA and La/SSB. Our results suggest that RNase enhances FcγR activation by promoting the formation of ICs containing Ro/SSA or La/SSB. Our study provides insights into the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases involving anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibodies, and into the therapeutic application of RNase treatment for systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Naito
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuhei Higuchi
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakai
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Kohyama
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), and
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), and
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Cao T, Zhou J, Liu Q, Mao T, Chen B, Wu Q, Wang L, Pathak JL, Watanabe N, Li J. Interferon-γ induces salivary gland epithelial cell ferroptosis in Sjogren's syndrome via JAK/STAT1-mediated inhibition of system Xc . Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:116-128. [PMID: 37286044 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The elevated level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) triggers salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) death. However, the underlying mechanisms of IFN-γ-induced SGEC death modes are still not fully elucidated. We found that IFN-γ triggers SGEC ferroptosis via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (JAK/STAT1)-mediated inhibition of cystine-glutamate exchanger (System Xc-). Transcriptome analysis revealed that ferroptosis-related markers are differentially expressed in SS human and mouse salivary glands with distinct upregulation of IFN-γ and downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and aquaporin 5 (AQP5). Inducing ferroptosis or IFN-γ treatment in the Institute of cancer research (ICR) mice aggravated and inhibition of ferroptosis or IFN-γ signaling in SS model non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice alleviated ferroptosis in the salivary gland and SS symptoms. IFN-γ activated STAT1 phosphorylation and downregulated system Xc- components solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2), glutathione, and GPX4 thereby triggering ferroptosis in SGEC. JAK or STAT1 inhibition in SGEC rescued IFN-γ-downregulated SLC3A2 and GPX4 as well as IFN-γ-induced cell death. Our results indicate the role of ferroptosis in SS-related death of SGEC and SS pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jiannan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jiang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
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Xu J, Chen C, Yin J, Fu J, Yang X, Wang B, Yu C, Zheng L, Zhang Z. Lactate-induced mtDNA Accumulation Activates cGAS-STING Signaling and the Inflammatory Response in Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1256-1271. [PMID: 37786436 PMCID: PMC10542019 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.83801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinar epithelial cell atrophy in secretory glands is a hallmark of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), the cause of which is far from elucidated. We examined the role of acinar atrophy by focusing on the metabolism of glandular epithelial cells and mitochondria in the pSS environment. After confirming the presence of a high-lactate environment in the labial glands of human pSS patients, we used the A253 cell line and NOD/Ltj mice as models to investigate the metabolic changes in salivary gland epithelial cells in a high-lactate environment in vitro and in vivo. We found that epithelial cells produced high levels of IL-6, IL-8, IFN-α, IFN-β and TNF-α and exhibited significant NF-κB and type I IFN-related pathway activation. The results confirmed that lactate damaged mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and led to its leakage, which subsequently activated the cGAS-STING pathway. Inflammatory cytokine production and pathway activation were inhibited in vivo and in vitro by the lactate scavenger sodium dichloroacetate (DCA). Our study provides new insights into the etiology and treatment of pSS from the perspective of cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systematic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systematic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hosptial, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhao Yin
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systematic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hosptial, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayao Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systematic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hosptial, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hosptial, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoli Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hosptial, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuangqi Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hosptial, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hosptial, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Luo D, Li L, Yang Y, Ye Y, Hu J, Zong Y, Zhao J, Gao Y, Xu H, Li N, Xie Y, Jiang L. Unraveling the transcriptome-based network of tfh cells in primary sjogren syndrome: insights from a systems biology approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216379. [PMID: 37638029 PMCID: PMC10448518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Sjogren Syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune cell infiltration. While the presence of follicular T helper (Tfh) cells in the glandular microenvironment has been observed, their biological functions and clinical significance remain poorly understood. Methods We enrolled a total of 106 patients with pSS and 46 patients without pSS for this study. Clinical data and labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsies were collected from all participants. Histological staining was performed to assess the distribution of Tfh cells and B cells. Transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted on 56 patients with pSS and 26 patients without pSS to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms of Tfh cells. To categorize patients, we employed the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm, dividing them into low- and high-Tfh groups. We then utilized gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and deconvolution tools to explore functional and immune infiltration differences between the low- and high-Tfh groups. Results Patients with pSS had a higher positive rate of the antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-Ro52, anti-SSA, anti-SSB and hypergammaglobulinaemia and higher levels of serum IgG compared to the non-pSS. Histopathologic analyses revealed the presence of Tfh cells (CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+) in germinal centers (GC) within the labial glands of pSS patients. GSEA, WGCNA, and correlation analysis indicated that the high-Tfh group was associated with an immune response related to virus-mediated IFN response and metabolic processes, primarily characterized by hypoxia, elevated glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation levels. In pSS, most immune cell types exhibited significantly higher infiltration levels in the high-Tfh group compared to the low-Tfh group. Additionally, patients in the Tfh-high group demonstrated a higher positive rate of the ANA, rheumatoid factor (RF), and hypergammaglobulinaemia, as well as higher serum IgG levels. Conclusion Our study suggests that Tfh cells may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pSS and could serve as potential therapeutic targets in pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haimin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Bechara R, Vagner S, Mariette X. Post-transcriptional checkpoints in autoimmunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:486-502. [PMID: 37311941 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation is a fundamental process in gene expression that has a role in diverse cellular processes, including immune responses. A core concept underlying post-transcriptional regulation is that protein abundance is not solely determined by transcript abundance. Indeed, transcription and translation are not directly coupled, and intervening steps occur between these processes, including the regulation of mRNA stability, localization and alternative splicing, which can impact protein abundance. These steps are controlled by various post-transcription factors such as RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, and aberrant post-transcriptional regulation has been implicated in various pathological conditions. Indeed, studies on the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have identified various post-transcription factors as important regulators of immune cell-mediated and target effector cell-mediated pathological conditions. This Review summarizes current knowledge regarding the roles of post-transcriptional checkpoints in autoimmunity, as evidenced by studies in both haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells, and discusses the relevance of these findings for developing new anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Bechara
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | - Stephan Vagner
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Rheumatology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Verstappen GM, Kroese FGM. A leading role for interferon as a treatment target in Sjögren syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:468-469. [PMID: 37322372 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenny M Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands.
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Steinmetz TD, Verstappen GM, Suurmond J, Kroese FGM. Targeting plasma cells in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases - Promises and pitfalls. Immunol Lett 2023; 260:44-57. [PMID: 37315847 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells are the antibody secretors of the immune system. Continuous antibody secretion over years can provide long-term immune protection but could also be held responsible for long-lasting autoimmunity in case of self-reactive plasma cells. Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) affect multiple organ systems and are associated with a plethora of different autoantibodies. Two prototypic systemic ARDs are systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's disease (SjD). Both diseases are characterized by B-cell hyperactivity and the production of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. Analogues to other immune cells, different subsets of plasma cells have been described. Plasma cell subsets are often defined dependent on their current state of maturation, that also depend on the precursor B-cell subset from which they derived. But, a universal definition of plasma cell subsets is not available so far. Furthermore, the ability for long-term survival and effector functions may differ, potentially in a disease-specific manner. Characterization of plasma cell subsets and their specificity in individual patients can help to choose a suitable targeting approach for either a broad or more selective plasma cell depletion. Targeting plasma cells in systemic ARDs is currently challenging because of side effects or varying depletion efficacies in the tissue. Recent developments, however, like antigen-specific targeting and CAR-T-cell therapy might open up major benefits for patients beyond current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobit D Steinmetz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gwenny M Verstappen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Suurmond
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Urbanski G, Chabrun F, Delattre E, Lacout C, Davidson B, Blanchet O, Chao de la Barca JM, Simard G, Lavigne C, Reynier P. An immuno-lipidomic signature revealed by metabolomic and machine-learning approaches in labial salivary gland to diagnose primary Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205616. [PMID: 37520535 PMCID: PMC10375713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Assessing labial salivary gland exocrinopathy is a cornerstone in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Currently this relies on the histopathologic diagnosis of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis and computing a focus score by counting lym=phocyte foci. However, those lesions represent advanced stages of primary Sjögren's syndrome, although earlier recognition of primary Sjögren's syndrome and its effective treatment could prevent irreversible damage to labial salivary gland. This study aimed at finding early biomarkers of primary Sjögren's syndrome in labial salivary gland combining metabolomics and machine-learning approaches. Methods We used a standardized targeted metabolomic approach involving high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry among newly diagnosed primary Sjögren's syndrome (n=40) and non- primary Sjögren's syndrome sicca (n=40) participants in a prospective cohort. A metabolic signature predictive of primary Sjögren's syndrome status was explored using linear (logistic regression with elastic-net regularization) and non-linear (random forests) machine learning architectures, after splitting the data set into training, validation, and test sets. Results Among 126 metabolites accurately measured, we identified a discriminant signature composed of six metabolites with robust performances (ROC-AUC = 0.86) for predicting primary Sjögren's syndrome status. This signature included the well-known immune-metabolite kynurenine and five phospholipids (LysoPC C28:0; PCaa C26:0; PCaaC30:2; PCae C30:1, and PCaeC30:2). It was split into two main components: the first including the phospholipids was related to the intensity of lymphocytic infiltrates in salivary glands, while the second represented by kynurenine was independently associated with the presence of anti-SSA antibodies in participant serum. Conclusion Our results reveal an immuno-lipidomic signature in labial salivary gland that accurately distinguishes early primary Sjögren's syndrome from other causes of sicca symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Urbanski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Angers, France
- Mitolab, MitoVasc Institute, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Floris Chabrun
- Mitolab, MitoVasc Institute, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Estelle Delattre
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Carole Lacout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Brittany Davidson
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Odile Blanchet
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Juan Manuel Chao de la Barca
- Mitolab, MitoVasc Institute, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- Mitolab, MitoVasc Institute, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Christian Lavigne
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Mitolab, MitoVasc Institute, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Angers, France
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Luo D, Li L, Wu Y, Yang Y, Ye Y, Hu J, Gao Y, Zeng N, Fei X, Li N, Jiang L. Mitochondria-related genes and metabolic profiles of innate and adaptive immune cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156774. [PMID: 37497211 PMCID: PMC10366690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a prototypical systemic autoimmune disease characterised by lymphocyte infiltration and immune-complex deposition in multiple organs. The specific distribution of immune cell populations and their relationship with mitochondria remain unknown. Methods Histological analysis was performed to assess the specific distribution of innate and adaptive immune cell populations in labial salivary gland (LSG) samples from 30 patients with pSS and 13 patients with non-pSS. The ultrastructural morphometric features of mitochondria within immune cells were observed under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). RNA sequencing was performed on LSG samples from 40 patients with pSS and 7 non-pSS patients. The Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA), ESTIMATE, and CIBERSORT algorithms and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationship between mitochondria-related genes and immune infiltration. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the mitochondria-specific genes and the related pathways based on the immune cell types. Results HE staining revealed a massive infiltration of plasma cells with abundant immunoglobulin protein distributed around phenotypically normal-appearing acinar and ductal tissues of patients with pSS. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that innate immune cells (macrophages, eosinophils and NK cells) were distributed throughout the glandular tissue. Dominant adaptive immune cell infiltration composed of B cells, CD4+T cells and CD8+ T cells or ectopic lymphoid follicle-like structures were observed in the LSGs of patients with pSS. TEM validated the swelling of mitochondria with disorganised cristae in some lymphocytes that had invaded the glandular tissue. Subsequently, bioinformatic analysis revealed that innate and adaptive immune cells were associated with different mitochondrial metabolism pathways. Mitochondrial electron transport and respiratory chain complexes in the glandular microenvironment were positively correlated with innate immune cells, whereas amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism were negatively correlated with adaptive immune cells. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial apoptosis in the glandular microenvironment were closely associated with adaptive immune cells. Conclusion Innate and adaptive immune cells have distinct distribution profiles in the salivary gland tissues of patients with pSS and are associated with different mitochondrial metabolic pathways, which may contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naiyan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Kemeter LM, Birzer A, Heym S, Thoma-Kress AK. Milk Transmission of Mammalian Retroviruses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1777. [PMID: 37512949 PMCID: PMC10386362 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of viruses from one host to another typically occurs through horizontal or vertical pathways. The horizontal pathways include transmission amongst individuals, usually through bodily fluids or excretions, while vertical transmission transpires from mother to their offspring, either during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. While there are more than 200 human pathogenic viruses to date, only a small number of them are known to be transmitted via breast milk, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the latter two belonging to the family Retroviridae. Breast milk transmission is a common characteristic among mammalian retroviruses, but there is a lack of reports summarizing our knowledge regarding this route of transmission of mammalian retroviruses. Here, we provide an overview of the transmission of mammalian exogenous retroviruses with a focus on Orthoretrovirinae, and we highlight whether they have been described or suspected to be transmitted through breast milk, covering various species. We also elaborate on the production and composition of breast milk and discuss potential entry sites of exogenous mammalian retroviruses during oral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Kemeter
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Birzer
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heym
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea K Thoma-Kress
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Yura Y, Hamada M. Outline of Salivary Gland Pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome and Current Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11179. [PMID: 37446355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the involvement of exocrine glands such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. The minor salivary glands, from which tissue samples may be obtained, are important for the diagnosis, evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, and genetic analyses of SS. In the onset of SS, autoantigens derived from the salivary glands are recognized by antigen-presenting dendritic cells, leading to the activation of T and B cells, cytokine production, autoantibody production by plasma cells, the formation of ectopic germinal centers, and the destruction of salivary gland epithelial cells. A recent therapeutic approach with immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignant tumors enhances the anti-tumor activity of cytotoxic effector T cells, but also induces SS-like autoimmune disease as an adverse event. In the treatment of xerostomia, muscarinic agonists and salivary gland duct cleansing procedure, as well as sialendoscopy, are expected to ameliorate symptoms. Clinical trials on biological therapy to attenuate the hyperresponsiveness of B cells in SS patients with systemic organ involvement have progressed. The efficacy of treatment with mesenchymal stem cells and chimeric antigen receptor T cells for SS has also been investigated. In this review, we will provide an overview of the pathogenesis of salivary gland lesions and recent trends in therapeutic approaches for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yura
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Sato-Fukuba M, Arakaki R, Ushio A, Otsuka K, Nagao R, Matsuzawa S, Tawara H, Tsunematsu T, Ishimaru N. CD4 + T-cell-dependent differentiation of CD23 + follicular B cells contributes to the pulmonary pathology in a primary Sjögren's syndrome mouse model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217492. [PMID: 37475871 PMCID: PMC10354287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects the function of exocrine glands, such as the lacrimal and the salivary glands. Extraglandular lesions and malignant lymphoma also occur during the progressive stage of pSS. We have, herein, focused on the pulmonary lesions of pSS and have aimed clarifying their pathophysiological mechanism by comparing the glandular with the extraglandular lesions observed in a mouse model of pSS. Results The histopathological analysis of lung tissues obtained from NFS/sld mice that have undergone neonatal thymectomy was performed. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted along with immunological analyses in order to characterize the unique phenotypes of the pulmonary lesions identified in these pSS model mice. Inflammatory lesions with a bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue-like structure were identified in the lungs of pSS model mice. In addition, relative to salivary gland lesions, pulmonary lesions showed increased CD23+ follicular B (FB) cells. In vitro and pulmonary B cells were more readily driven to CD23+ FB cell phenotype than salivary gland B cells in pSS model mice. Furthermore, the CD23+ FB cell differentiation was found to be enhanced in a CD4+ T-cell-dependent manner under a Th2-type condition in the lungs of herein examined pSS model mice. Discussion A Th2-type response in the pSS lung may promote the progression of autoimmune lesions through an enhanced abnormal differentiation of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Sato-Fukuba
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Ushio
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ruka Nagao
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Matsuzawa
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tawara
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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Lee AYS, Wang JJ, Gordon TP, Reed JH. Phases and Natural History of Sjögren's Disease: A New Model for an Old Disease? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:1580-1587. [PMID: 36063396 PMCID: PMC10953327 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's disease (SjD) is an archetypal and heterogenous autoimmune disorder that is characterized by exocrine glandular dysfunction. A proportion of patients develop severe extraglandular manifestations, such as cryoglobulinemia, and have an increased risk of lymphoma, both of which can adversely affect quality of life and occasionally mortality. As with most autoimmune disorders, the pathogenesis is poorly understood and difficult to predict, and, frustratingly, there is a lack of targeted therapies to cure this disease. We review the disease manifestations of SjD and propose a staged model for understanding the evolution of pathology. In longitudinal studies, most patients remain relatively stable in terms of their laboratory and clinical parameters. However, in the setting of various risk factors, a proportion of patients develop severe symptoms and/or lymphoma. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms for disease progression and the strengths and limitations of using a staged model to correlate the pathogenesis and spectrum of manifestations in SjD. Ultimately, understanding how and why some patients remain relatively stable, whereas others progress and develop florid systemic disease and a fraction develop lymphoma, is key to developing preventative and therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Y. S. Lee
- The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, NSW Health PathologyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jing Jing Wang
- SA Pathology and Flinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Tom P. Gordon
- SA Pathology and Flinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Joanne H. Reed
- The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
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Arends S, Verstappen GM, de Wolff L, Pringle S, Kroese FGM, Vissink A, Bootsma H. Why do drug treatments fail in Sjögren's disease? Considerations for treatment, trial design and interpretation of clinical efficacy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:1187-1194. [PMID: 37551702 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2234641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite ongoing efforts to develop effective therapeutics, no disease-modifying drugs have been officially licensed for the indication of Sjögren's disease (SjD). This is partly due to heterogeneity in disease manifestations, which complicates drug target selection, trial design and interpretation of clinical efficacy in SjD. AREAS COVERED Here, we summarize developments and comment on challenges in 1) identifying the right target for treatment, 2) selection of the primary study endpoint for trials and definition of clinically relevant response to treatment, 3) inclusion criteria and patient stratification, 4) distinguishing between disease activity and damage and 5) establishing the effect of treatment considering measurement error, natural variation, and placebo or nocebo responses. EXPERT OPINION Targets that are involved in both the immune cell response and dysregulation of glandular epithelial cells (e.g. B-lymphocytes, type-I interferon) are of particular interest to treat both glandular and extra-glandular manifestations of SjD. The recent development of composite study endpoints (CRESS and STAR) may be a crucial step forward in the search for clinically effective systemic treatment of patients with SjD. Important additional areas for future research are symptom-based and/or molecular pathway-based patient stratification, prevention of irreversible damage, and establishing the effect of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Arends
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liseth de Wolff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Pringle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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