1
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Tisoncik-Go J, Stokes C, Whitmore LS, Newhouse DJ, Voss K, Gustin A, Sung CJ, Smith E, Stencel-Baerenwald J, Parker E, Snyder JM, Shaw DW, Rajagopal L, Kapur RP, Adams Waldorf KM, Gale M. Disruption of myelin structure and oligodendrocyte maturation in a macaque model of congenital Zika infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5173. [PMID: 38890352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZikV) infection during pregnancy can cause congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and neurodevelopmental delay in infants, of which the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. We utilize an established female pigtail macaque maternal-to-fetal ZikV infection/exposure model to study fetal brain pathophysiology of CZS manifesting from ZikV exposure in utero. We find prenatal ZikV exposure leads to profound disruption of fetal myelin, with extensive downregulation in gene expression for key components of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin production. Immunohistochemical analyses reveal marked decreases in myelin basic protein intensity and myelinated fiber density in ZikV-exposed animals. At the ultrastructural level, the myelin sheath in ZikV-exposed animals shows multi-focal decompaction, occurring concomitant with dysregulation of oligodendrocyte gene expression and maturation. These findings define fetal neuropathological profiles of ZikV-linked brain injury underlying CZS resulting from ZikV exposure in utero. Because myelin is critical for cortical development, ZikV-related perturbations in oligodendrocyte function may have long-term consequences on childhood neurodevelopment, even in the absence of overt microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Caleb Stokes
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Leanne S Whitmore
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel J Newhouse
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen Voss
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Gustin
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cheng-Jung Sung
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elise Smith
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Stencel-Baerenwald
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward Parker
- Department of Ophthalmology, NEI Core for Vision Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dennis W Shaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raj P Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Woodson SE, Morabito KM. Continuing development of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies against Zika virus. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:91. [PMID: 38789469 PMCID: PMC11126562 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Woodson
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Morabito
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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3
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Pérez-Yanes S, Lorenzo-Sánchez I, Cabrera-Rodríguez R, García-Luis J, Trujillo-González R, Estévez-Herrera J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. The ZIKV NS5 Protein Aberrantly Alters the Tubulin Cytoskeleton, Induces the Accumulation of Autophagic p62 and Affects IFN Production: HDAC6 Has Emerged as an Anti-NS5/ZIKV Factor. Cells 2024; 13:598. [PMID: 38607037 PMCID: PMC11011779 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and pathogenesis are linked to the disruption of neurogenesis, congenital Zika syndrome and microcephaly by affecting neural progenitor cells. Nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) is the largest product encoded by ZIKV-RNA and is important for replication and immune evasion. Here, we studied the potential effects of NS5 on microtubules (MTs) and autophagy flux, together with the interplay of NS5 with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Fluorescence microscopy, biochemical cell-fractionation combined with the use of HDAC6 mutants, chemical inhibitors and RNA interference indicated that NS5 accumulates in nuclear structures and strongly promotes the acetylation of MTs that aberrantly reorganize in nested structures. Similarly, NS5 accumulates the p62 protein, an autophagic-flux marker. Therefore, NS5 alters events that are under the control of the autophagic tubulin-deacetylase HDAC6. HDAC6 appears to degrade NS5 by autophagy in a deacetylase- and BUZ domain-dependent manner and to control the cytoplasmic expression of NS5. Moreover, NS5 inhibits RNA-mediated RIG-I interferon (IFN) production, resulting in greater activity when autophagy is inhibited (i.e., effect correlated with NS5 stability). Therefore, it is conceivable that NS5 contributes to cell toxicity and pathogenesis, evading the IFN-immune response by overcoming HDAC6 functions. HDAC6 has emerged as an anti-ZIKV factor by targeting NS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pérez-Yanes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Iria Lorenzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Jonay García-Luis
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Rodrigo Trujillo-González
- Department of Análisis Matemático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38296 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Judith Estévez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
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4
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Barrozo ER, Seferovic MD, Hamilton MP, Moorshead DN, Jochum MD, Do T, O'Neil DS, Suter MA, Aagaard KM. Zika virus co-opts microRNA networks to persist in placental niches detected by spatial transcriptomics. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:251.e1-251.e17. [PMID: 37598997 PMCID: PMC10840961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus congenital infection evades double-stranded RNA detection and may persist in the placenta for the duration of pregnancy without accompanying overt histopathologic inflammation. Understanding how viruses can persist and replicate in the placenta without causing overt cellular or tissue damage is fundamental to deciphering mechanisms of maternal-fetal vertical transmission. OBJECTIVE Placenta-specific microRNAs are believed to be a tenet of viral resistance at the maternal-fetal interface. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the Zika virus functionally disrupts placental microRNAs, enabling viral persistence and fetal pathogenesis. STUDY DESIGN To test this hypothesis, we used orthogonal approaches in human and murine experimental models. In primary human trophoblast cultures (n=5 donor placentae), we performed Argonaute high-throughput sequencing ultraviolet-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation to identify any significant alterations in the functional loading of microRNAs and their targets onto the RNA-induced silencing complex. Trophoblasts from same-donors were split and infected with a contemporary first-passage Zika virus strain HN16 (multiplicity of infection=1 plaque forming unit per cell) or mock infected. To functionally cross-validate microRNA-messenger RNA interactions, we compared our Argonaute high-throughput sequencing ultraviolet-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation results with an independent analysis of published bulk RNA-sequencing data from human placental disk specimens (n=3 subjects; Zika virus positive in first, second, or third trimester, CD45- cells sorted by flow cytometry) and compared it with uninfected controls (n=2 subjects). To investigate the importance of these microRNA and RNA interference networks in Zika virus pathogenesis, we used a gnotobiotic mouse model uniquely susceptible to the Zika virus. We evaluated if small-molecule enhancement of microRNA and RNA interference pathways with enoxacin influenced Zika virus pathogenesis (n=20 dams total yielding 187 fetal specimens). Lastly, placentae (n=14 total) from this mouse model were analyzed with Visium spatial transcriptomics (9743 spatial transcriptomes) to identify potential Zika virus-associated alterations in immune microenvironments. RESULTS We found that Zika virus infection of primary human trophoblast cells led to an unexpected disruption of placental microRNA regulation networks. When compared with uninfected controls, Zika virus-infected placentae had significantly altered SLC12A8, SDK1, and VLDLR RNA-induced silencing complex loading and transcript levels (-22; adjusted P value <.05; Wald-test with false discovery rate correction q<0.05). In silico microRNA target analyses revealed that 26 of 119 transcripts (22%) in the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway were targeted by microRNAs that were found to be dysregulated following Zika virus infection in trophoblasts. In gnotobiotic mice, relative to mock controls, Zika virus-associated fetal pathogenesis included fetal growth restriction (P=.036) and viral persistence in placental tissue (P=.011). Moreover, spatial transcriptomics of murine placentae revealed that Zika virus-specific placental niches were defined by significant up-regulation of complement cascade components and coordinated changes in transforming growth factor-β gene expression. Finally, treatment of Zika virus-infected mice with enoxacin abolished placental Zika virus persistence, rescued the associated fetal growth restriction, and the Zika virus-associated transcriptional changes in placental immune microenvironments were no longer observed. CONCLUSION These results collectively suggest that (1) Zika virus infection and persistence is associated with functionally perturbed microRNA and RNA interference pathways specifically related to immune regulation in placental microenvironments and (2) enhancement of placental microRNA and RNA interference pathways in mice rescued Zika virus-associated pathogenesis, specifically persistence of viral transcripts in placental microenvironments and fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico R Barrozo
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Maxim D Seferovic
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Mark P Hamilton
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Hematology & Medical Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - David N Moorshead
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Immunology & Microbiology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael D Jochum
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Trang Do
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Derek S O'Neil
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Melissa A Suter
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
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5
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Moadab G, Pittet F, Bennett JL, Taylor CL, Fiske O, Singapuri A, Coffey LL, Van Rompay KKA, Bliss-Moreau E. Prenatal Zika virus infection has sex-specific effects on infant physical development and mother-infant social interactions. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadh0043. [PMID: 37878673 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
There is enormous variation in the extent to which fetal Zika virus (fZIKV) infection affects the developing brain. Despite the neural consequences of fZIKV infection observed in people and animal models, many open questions about the relationship between infection dynamics and fetal and infant development remain. To further understand how ZIKV affects the developing nervous system and the behavioral consequences of prenatal infection, we adopted a nonhuman primate model of fZIKV infection in which we inoculated pregnant rhesus macaques and their fetuses with ZIKV in the early second trimester of fetal development. We then tracked their health across gestation and characterized infant development across the first month of life. ZIKV-infected pregnant mothers had long periods of viremia and mild changes to their hematological profiles. ZIKV RNA concentrations, an indicator of infection magnitude, were higher in mothers whose fetuses were male, and the magnitude of ZIKV RNA in the mothers' plasma or amniotic fluid predicted infant outcomes. The magnitude of ZIKV RNA was negatively associated with infant growth across the first month of life, affecting males' growth more than females' growth, although for most metrics, both males and females evidenced slower growth rates as compared with control animals whose mothers were not ZIKV inoculated. Compared with control infants, fZIKV infants also spent more time with their mothers during the first month of life, a social behavior difference that may have long-lasting consequences on psychosocial development during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Moadab
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Florent Pittet
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christopher L Taylor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Olivia Fiske
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anil Singapuri
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lark L Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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6
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Tisoncik-Go J, Stokes C, Whitmore LS, Newhouse DJ, Voss K, Gustin A, Sung CJ, Smith E, Stencel-Baerenwald J, Parker E, Snyder JM, Shaw DW, Rajagopal L, Kapur RP, Waldorf KA, Gale M. Disruption of myelin structure and oligodendrocyte maturation in a pigtail macaque model of congenital Zika infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.11.561759. [PMID: 37873381 PMCID: PMC10592731 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZikV) infection during pregnancy can cause congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and neurodevelopmental delay in non-microcephalic infants, of which the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. We utilized an established pigtail macaque maternal-to-fetal ZikV infection/exposure model to study fetal brain pathophysiology of CZS manifesting from ZikV exposure in utero. We found prenatal ZikV exposure led to profound disruption of fetal myelin, with extensive downregulation in gene expression for key components of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin production. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed marked decreases in myelin basic protein intensity and myelinated fiber density in ZikV-exposed animals. At the ultrastructural level, the myelin sheath in ZikV-exposed animals showed multi-focal decompaction consistent with perturbation or remodeling of previously formed myelin, occurring concomitant with dysregulation of oligodendrocyte gene expression and maturation. These findings define fetal neuropathological profiles of ZikV-linked brain injury underlying CZS resulting from ZikV exposure in utero. Because myelin is critical for cortical development, ZikV-related perturbations in oligodendrocyte function may have long-term consequences on childhood neurodevelopment, even in the absence of overt microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caleb Stokes
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leanne S Whitmore
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel J Newhouse
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen Voss
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Gustin
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cheng-Jung Sung
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elise Smith
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer Stencel-Baerenwald
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Edward Parker
- Department of Ophthalmology, NEI Core for Vision Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dennis W Shaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Raj P Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristina Adams Waldorf
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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7
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Wang X, Wang H, Yi P, Baker C, Casey G, Xie X, Luo H, Cai J, Fan X, Soong L, Hu H, Shi PY, Liang Y, Sun J. Metformin restrains ZIKV replication and alleviates virus-induced inflammatory responses in microglia. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110512. [PMID: 37343373 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a major public health threat that has raised worldwide attention. Accumulating evidence suggests that ZIKV can cause serious pathological changes to the human nervous system, including microcephaly in newborns. Recent studies suggest that metformin, an established treatment for diabetes may play a role in viral infection; however, little is known about the interactions between ZIKV infection and metformin administration. Using fluorescent ZIKV by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence imaging, we found that ZIKV can infect microglia in a dose-dependent manner. Metformin diminished ZIKV replication without the alteration of viral entry and phagocytosis. Our study demonstrated that metformin downregulated ZIKV-induced inflammatory response in microglia in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Our RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analysis found that type I and III interferons (IFN), such as IFNα2, IFNβ1 and IFNλ3 were upregulated in ZIKV-infected cells by metformin treatment, accompanied with the downregulation of GBP4, OAS1, MX1 and ISG15. Together, our results suggest that metformin-mediated modulation in multiple pathways may attribute to restraining ZIKV infection in microglia, which may provide a potential tool to consider for use in unique clinical circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410005, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Panpan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Coleman Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Gonzales Casey
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Huanle Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Haitao Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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8
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You Y, Grasso E, Alvero A, Condon J, Dimova T, Hu A, Ding J, Alexandrova M, Manchorova D, Dimitrova V, Liao A, Mor G. Twist1-IRF9 Interaction Is Necessary for IFN-Stimulated Gene Anti-Zika Viral Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1899-1912. [PMID: 37144865 PMCID: PMC10615665 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient immune defense against pathogens requires sufficient basal sensing mechanisms that can deliver prompt responses. Type I IFNs are protective against acute viral infections and respond to viral and bacterial infections, but their efficacy depends on constitutive basal activity that promotes the expression of downstream genes known as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Type I IFNs and ISGs are constitutively produced at low quantities and yet exert profound effects essential for numerous physiological processes beyond antiviral and antimicrobial defense, including immunomodulation, cell cycle regulation, cell survival, and cell differentiation. Although the canonical response pathway for type I IFNs has been extensively characterized, less is known regarding the transcriptional regulation of constitutive ISG expression. Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a major risk for human pregnancy complications and fetal development and depends on an appropriate IFN-β response. However, it is poorly understood how ZIKV, despite an IFN-β response, causes miscarriages. We have uncovered a mechanism for this function specifically in the context of the early antiviral response. Our results demonstrate that IFN regulatory factor (IRF9) is critical in the early response to ZIKV infection in human trophoblast. This function is contingent on IRF9 binding to Twist1. In this signaling cascade, Twist1 was not only a required partner that promotes IRF9 binding to the IFN-stimulated response element but also an upstream regulator that controls basal levels of IRF9. The absence of Twist1 renders human trophoblast cells susceptible to ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan You
- C. S Mott Center for Human Development, Wayne State University, 275 E Hancock St, Detroit, MI, 48093
| | - Esteban Grasso
- C. S Mott Center for Human Development, Wayne State University, 275 E Hancock St, Detroit, MI, 48093
- School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Guiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires, 1428
| | - Ayesha Alvero
- C. S Mott Center for Human Development, Wayne State University, 275 E Hancock St, Detroit, MI, 48093
| | - Jennifer Condon
- C. S Mott Center for Human Development, Wayne State University, 275 E Hancock St, Detroit, MI, 48093
| | - Tanya Dimova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction “Acad. K. Bratanov”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Hu
- C. S Mott Center for Human Development, Wayne State University, 275 E Hancock St, Detroit, MI, 48093
| | - Jiahui Ding
- C. S Mott Center for Human Development, Wayne State University, 275 E Hancock St, Detroit, MI, 48093
| | - Marina Alexandrova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction “Acad. K. Bratanov”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Manchorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction “Acad. K. Bratanov”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Dimitrova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction “Acad. K. Bratanov”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Gil Mor
- C. S Mott Center for Human Development, Wayne State University, 275 E Hancock St, Detroit, MI, 48093
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9
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Zalewski A, Virtanen JME, Zalewska H, Sironen T, Kołodziej-Sobocińska M. Asymptomatic viral infection is associated with lower host reproductive output in wild mink populations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9390. [PMID: 37296209 PMCID: PMC10251326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many endemic viruses circulate in populations without hosts showing visible signs of disease, while still having the potential to alter host survival or reproduction. Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV) circulates in many American mink (Neogale vison) populations in its native and introduced ranges. In this study, we analysed how AMDV infection in female American mink affects the reproduction of a feral population. Females infected with AMDV delivered significantly smaller litters (5.8 pups) than uninfected females (6.3 pups), meaning their litter size was reduced by 8%. Larger females and yearling females had larger litters than smaller and older females. There were no significant differences in whole litter survival between infected and uninfected females; however, offspring survival until September or October within litters of infected females was 14% lower than that within those of uninfected females. This negative link between infection and reproductive output means that Aleutian disease could seriously affect the wild mink population. This study increases our understanding of the threats posed by the spread of viruses to wildlife from farm animals or humans, highlighting that viruses circulating in wildlife, even in the absence of clinical manifestation, can be important drivers of population dynamics in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Zalewski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland.
| | - Jenni M E Virtanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Zalewska
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Lu AY, Gustin A, Newhouse D, Gale M. Viral Protein Accumulation of Zika Virus Variants Links with Regulation of Innate Immunity for Differential Control of Viral Replication, Spread, and Response to Interferon. J Virol 2023; 97:e0198222. [PMID: 37162358 PMCID: PMC10231147 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01982-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) strains emerged globally, causing outbreaks linked with critical clinical disease outcomes unless the virus is effectively restricted by host immunity. We have previously shown that retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) senses ZIKV to trigger innate immunity to direct interferon (IFN) production and antiviral responses that can control ZIKV infection. However, ZIKV proteins have been demonstrated to antagonize IFN. Here, we conducted in vitro analyses to assess how divergent prototypic ZIKV variants differ in virologic properties, innate immune regulation, and infection outcome. We comparatively assessed African lineage ZIKV/Dakar/1984/ArD41519 (ZIKV/Dakar) and Asian lineage ZIKV/Malaysia/1966/P6740 (ZIKV/Malaysia) in a human epithelial cell infection model. De novo viral sequence determination identified amino acid changes within the ZIKV/Dakar genome compared to ZIKV/Malaysia. Viral growth analyses revealed that ZIKV/Malaysia accumulated viral proteins and genome copies earlier and to higher levels than ZIKV/Dakar. Both ZIKV strains activated RIG-I/IFN regulatory factor (IRF3) and NF-κB pathways to induce inflammatory cytokine expression and types I and III IFNs. However, ZIKV/Malaysia, but not ZIKV/Dakar, potently blocked downstream IFN signaling. Remarkably, ZIKV/Dakar protein accumulation and genome replication were rescued in RIG-I knockout (KO) cells late in acute infection, resulting in ZIKV/Dakar-mediated blockade of IFN signaling. We found that RIG-I signaling specifically restricts viral protein accumulation late in acute infection where early accumulation of viral proteins in infected cells confers enhanced ability to limit IFN signaling, promoting viral replication and spread. Our results demonstrate that RIG-I-mediated innate immune signaling imparts restriction of ZIKV protein accumulation, which permits IFN signaling and antiviral actions controlling ZIKV infection. IMPORTANCE ZIKV isolates are classified under African or Asian lineages. Infection with emerging Asian lineage-derived ZIKV strains is associated with increased incidence of neurological symptoms that were not previously reported during infection with African or preemergent Asian lineage viruses. In this study, we utilized in vitro models to compare the virologic properties of and innate immune responses to two prototypic ZIKV strains from distinct lineages: African lineage ZIKV/Dakar and Asian lineage ZIKV/Malaysia. Compared to ZIKV/Dakar, ZIKV/Malaysia accumulates viral proteins earlier, replicates to higher levels, and robustly blocks IFN signaling during acute infection. Early accumulation of ZIKV/Malaysia NS5 protein confers enhanced ability to antagonize IFN signaling, dampening innate immune responses to promote viral spread. Our data identify the kinetics of viral protein accumulation as a major regulator of host innate immunity, influencing host-mediated control of ZIKV replication and spread. Importantly, these findings provide a novel framework for evaluating the virulence of emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y. Lu
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Gustin
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel Newhouse
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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11
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Rosinski JR, Raasch LE, Barros Tiburcio P, Breitbach ME, Shepherd PM, Yamamoto K, Razo E, Krabbe NP, Bliss MI, Richardson AD, Einwalter MA, Weiler AM, Sneed EL, Fuchs KB, Zeng X, Noguchi KK, Morgan TK, Alberts AJ, Antony KM, Kabakov S, Ausderau KK, Bohm EK, Pritchard JC, Spanton RV, Ver Hoove JN, Kim CBY, Nork TM, Katz AW, Rasmussen CA, Hartman A, Mejia A, Basu P, Simmons HA, Eickhoff JC, Friedrich TC, Aliota MT, Mohr EL, Dudley DM, O’Connor DH, Newman CM. Frequent first-trimester pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques infected with African-lineage Zika virus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011282. [PMID: 36976812 PMCID: PMC10081769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic, a previously unrecognized risk of birth defects surfaced in babies whose mothers were infected with Asian-lineage ZIKV during pregnancy. Less is known about the impacts of gestational African-lineage ZIKV infections. Given high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burdens in regions where African-lineage ZIKV circulates, we evaluated whether pregnant rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have a higher risk of African-lineage ZIKV-associated birth defects. Remarkably, in both SIV+ and SIV- animals, ZIKV infection early in the first trimester caused a high incidence (78%) of spontaneous pregnancy loss within 20 days. These findings suggest a significant risk for early pregnancy loss associated with African-lineage ZIKV infection and provide the first consistent ZIKV-associated phenotype in macaques for testing medical countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R. Rosinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Lauren E. Raasch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Patrick Barros Tiburcio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Meghan E. Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Phoenix M. Shepherd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Elaina Razo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Nicholas P. Krabbe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Mason I. Bliss
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Alexander D. Richardson
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Morgan A. Einwalter
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Emily L. Sneed
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Kerri B. Fuchs
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; Fort Detrick, Maryland, Unites States of America
| | - Kevin K. Noguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Washington, Unites States of America
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University; Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University; Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
| | - Alexandra J. Alberts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Antony
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Sabrina Kabakov
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Karla K. Ausderau
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Ellie K. Bohm
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, University of Minnesota; St. Paul, Minnesota, Unites States of America
| | - Julia C. Pritchard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, University of Minnesota; St. Paul, Minnesota, Unites States of America
| | - Rachel V. Spanton
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - James N. Ver Hoove
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Charlene B. Y. Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - T. Michael Nork
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Alex W. Katz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Carol A. Rasmussen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Amy Hartman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Puja Basu
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Heather A. Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, University of Minnesota; St. Paul, Minnesota, Unites States of America
| | - Emma L. Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
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12
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Gurung S, Reuter D, Norris A, Dubois M, Maxted M, Singleton K, Castillo-Castrejon M, Papin JF, Myers DA. Early and mid-gestation Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the olive baboon (Papio anubis) leads to fetal CNS pathology by term gestation. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010386. [PMID: 35969617 PMCID: PMC9410558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy can produce catastrophic teratogenic damage to the developing fetus including microcephaly and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). We previously described fetal CNS pathology occurring by three weeks post-ZIKV inoculation in Olive baboons at mid-gestation, including neuroinflammation, loss of radial glia (RG), RG fibers, neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) resulting in disrupted NPC migration. In the present study, we explored fetal brain pathologies at term gestation resulting from ZIKV exposure during either first or second trimester in the Olive baboon. In all dams, vRNA in whole blood resolved after 7 days post inoculation (dpi). One first trimester infected dam aborted at 5 dpi. All dams developed IgM and IgG response to ZIKV with ZIKV IgG detected in fetal serum. Placental pathology and inflammation were observed including disruption of syncytiotrophoblast layers, delayed villous maturation, partially or fully thrombosed vessels, calcium mineralization and fibrin deposits. In the uterus, ZIKV was detected in ¾ first trimester but not in second trimester infected dams. While ZIKV was not detected in any fetal tissue at term, all fetuses exhibited varying degrees of neuropathology. Fetal brains from ZIKV inoculated dams exhibited a range of gross brain pathologies including irregularities of the major gyri and sulci of the cerebral cortex and cerebellar pathology. Frontal cortices of ZIKV fetuses showed a general disorganization of the six-layered cortex with degree of disorganization varying among the fetuses from the two groups. Frontal cortices from ZIKV inoculation in the first but not second trimester exhibited increased microglia, and in both trimester ZIKV inoculation, increased astrocyte numbers (white matter). In the cerebellum, increased microglia were observed in fetuses from both first and second trimester inoculation. In first trimester ZIKV inoculation, decreased oligodendrocyte precursor cell populations were observed in fetal cerebellar white matter. In general, our observations are in accordance with those described in human ZIKV infected fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunam Gurung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Darlene Reuter
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Abby Norris
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Molly Dubois
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Marta Maxted
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Krista Singleton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - James F. Papin
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Dean A. Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Raasch LE, Yamamoto K, Newman CM, Rosinski JR, Shepherd PM, Razo E, Crooks CM, Bliss MI, Breitbach ME, Sneed EL, Weiler AM, Zeng X, Noguchi KK, Morgan TK, Fuhler NA, Bohm EK, Alberts AJ, Havlicek SJ, Kabakov S, Mitzey AM, Antony KM, Ausderau KK, Mejia A, Basu P, Simmons HA, Eickhoff JC, Aliota MT, Mohr EL, Friedrich TC, Golos TG, O’Connor DH, Dudley DM. Fetal loss in pregnant rhesus macaques infected with high-dose African-lineage Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010623. [PMID: 35926066 PMCID: PMC9380952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Countermeasures against Zika virus (ZIKV), including vaccines, are frequently tested in nonhuman primates (NHP). Macaque models are important for understanding how ZIKV infections impact human pregnancy due to similarities in placental development. The lack of consistent adverse pregnancy outcomes in ZIKV-affected pregnancies poses a challenge in macaque studies where group sizes are often small (4-8 animals). Studies in small animal models suggest that African-lineage Zika viruses can cause more frequent and severe fetal outcomes. No adverse outcomes were observed in macaques exposed to 1x104 PFU (low dose) of African-lineage ZIKV at gestational day (GD) 45. Here, we exposed eight pregnant rhesus macaques to 1x108 PFU (high dose) of African-lineage ZIKV at GD 45 to test the hypothesis that adverse pregnancy outcomes are dose-dependent. Three of eight pregnancies ended prematurely with fetal death. ZIKV was detected in both fetal and placental tissues from all cases of early fetal loss. Further refinements of this exposure system (e.g., varying the dose and timing of infection) could lead to an even more consistent, unambiguous fetal loss phenotype for assessing ZIKV countermeasures in pregnancy. These data demonstrate that high-dose exposure to African-lineage ZIKV causes pregnancy loss in macaques and also suggest that ZIKV-induced first trimester pregnancy loss could be strain-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Raasch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jenna R. Rosinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Phoenix M. Shepherd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elaina Razo
- Department of Pediatrics, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chelsea M. Crooks
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mason I. Bliss
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Meghan E. Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Emily L. Sneed
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin K. Noguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole A. Fuhler
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ellie K. Bohm
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alexandra J. Alberts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Samantha J. Havlicek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Kabakov
- Department of Kinesiology Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Mitzey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Antony
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Karla K. Ausderau
- Department of Kinesiology Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Waisman Center, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Puja Basu
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UW Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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14
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Dudley DM, Koenig MR, Stewart LM, Semler MR, Newman CM, Shepherd PM, Yamamoto K, Breitbach ME, Schotzko M, Kohn S, Antony KM, Qiu H, Tunga P, Anderson DM, Guo W, Dennis M, Singh T, Rybarczyk S, Weiler AM, Razo E, Mitzey A, Zeng X, Eickhoff JC, Mohr EL, Simmons HA, Fritsch MK, Mejia A, Aliota MT, Friedrich TC, Golos TG, Kodihalli S, Permar SR, O’Connor DH. Human immune globulin treatment controls Zika viremia in pregnant rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266664. [PMID: 35834540 PMCID: PMC9282477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no approved drugs to treat Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy. Hyperimmune globulin products such as VARIZIG and WinRho are FDA-approved to treat conditions during pregnancy such as Varicella Zoster virus infection and Rh-incompatibility. We administered ZIKV-specific human immune globulin as a treatment in pregnant rhesus macaques one day after subcutaneous ZIKV infection. All animals controlled ZIKV viremia following the treatment and generated robust levels of anti-Zika virus antibodies in their blood. No adverse fetal or infant outcomes were identified in the treated animals, yet the placebo control treated animals also did not have signs related to congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Human immune globulin may be a viable prophylaxis and treatment option for ZIKV infection during pregnancy, however, more studies are required to fully assess the impact of this treatment to prevent CZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Michelle R. Koenig
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Laurel M. Stewart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Semler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Phoenix M. Shepherd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Meghan E. Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Michele Schotzko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Sarah Kohn
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Antony
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Emergent BioSolutions, Canada Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Wendi Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Maria Dennis
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Tulika Singh
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Sierra Rybarczyk
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Elaina Razo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Ann Mitzey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Fritsch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | | | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chandrasekar V, Singh AV, Maharjan RS, Dakua SP, Balakrishnan S, Dash S, Laux P, Luch A, Singh S, Pradhan M. Perspectives on the Technological Aspects and Biomedical Applications of Virus‐Like Particles/Nanoparticles in Reproductive Biology: Insights on the Medicinal and Toxicological Outlook. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Romi Singh Maharjan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Sagnika Dash
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Apollo Clinic Qatar 23656 Doha Qatar
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Suyash Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raebareli UP 226001 India
| | - Mandakini Pradhan
- Department of Fetal Medicine Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Reabareli Road Lucknow UP 226014 India
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16
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Block LN, Schmidt JK, Keuler NS, McKeon MC, Bowman BD, Wiepz GJ, Golos TG. Zika virus impacts extracellular vesicle composition and cellular gene expression in macaque early gestation trophoblasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7348. [PMID: 35513694 PMCID: PMC9072346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection at the maternal-placental interface is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal demise and pregnancy loss. To determine how infection impacts placental trophoblasts, we utilized rhesus macaque trophoblast stem cells (TSC) that can be differentiated into early gestation syncytiotrophoblasts (ST) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVT). TSCs and STs, but not EVTs, were highly permissive to productive infection with ZIKV strain DAK AR 41524. The impact of ZIKV on the cellular transcriptome showed that infection of TSCs and STs increased expression of immune related genes, including those involved in type I and type III interferon responses. ZIKV exposure altered extracellular vesicle (EV) mRNA, miRNA and protein cargo, including ZIKV proteins, regardless of productive infection. These findings suggest that early gestation macaque TSCs and STs are permissive to ZIKV infection, and that EV analysis may provide a foundation for identifying non-invasive biomarkers of placental infection in a highly translational model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N. Block
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1223 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI 53715-1299 USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Present Address: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jenna Kropp Schmidt
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1223 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI 53715-1299 USA
| | - Nicholas S. Keuler
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Megan C. McKeon
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Brittany D. Bowman
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1223 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI 53715-1299 USA ,grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Present Address: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Gregory J. Wiepz
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1223 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI 53715-1299 USA
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1223 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI 53715-1299 USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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Cornish EF, McDonnell T, Williams DJ. Chronic Inflammatory Placental Disorders Associated With Recurrent Adverse Pregnancy Outcome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:825075. [PMID: 35529853 PMCID: PMC9072631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.825075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory placental disorders are a group of rare but devastating gestational syndromes associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. This review focuses on three related conditions: villitis of unknown etiology (VUE), chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) and massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MPFD). The hallmark of these disorders is infiltration of the placental architecture by maternal immune cells and disruption of the intervillous space, where gas exchange between the mother and fetus occurs. Currently, they can only be detected through histopathological examination of the placenta after a pregnancy has ended. All three are associated with a significant risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies. Villitis of unknown etiology is characterised by a destructive infiltrate of maternal CD8+ T lymphocytes invading into the chorionic villi, combined with activation of fetal villous macrophages. The diagnosis can only be made when an infectious aetiology has been excluded. VUE becomes more common as pregnancy progresses and is frequently seen with normal pregnancy outcome. However, severe early-onset villitis is usually associated with fetal growth restriction and recurrent pregnancy loss. Chronic histiocytic intervillositis is characterised by excessive accumulation of maternal CD68+ histiocytes in the intervillous space. It is associated with a wide spectrum of adverse pregnancy outcomes including high rates of first-trimester miscarriage, severe fetal growth restriction and late intrauterine fetal death. Intervillous histiocytes can also accumulate due to infection, including SARS-CoV-2, although this infection-induced intervillositis does not appear to recur. As with VUE, the diagnosis of CHI requires exclusion of an infectious cause. Women with recurrent CHI and their families are predisposed to autoimmune diseases, suggesting CHI may have an alloimmune pathology. This observation has driven attempts to prevent CHI with a wide range of maternal immunosuppression. Massive perivillous fibrin deposition is diagnosed when >25% of the intervillous space is occupied by fibrin, and is associated with fetal growth restriction and late intrauterine fetal death. Although not an inflammatory disorder per se, MPFD is frequently seen in association with both VUE and CHI. This review summarises current understanding of the prevalence, diagnostic features, clinical consequences, immune pathology and potential prophylaxis against recurrence in these three chronic inflammatory placental syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Cornish
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Emily F. Cornish,
| | - Thomas McDonnell
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Williams
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Efficacy of an inactivated Zika vaccine against virus infection during pregnancy in mice and marmosets. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:9. [PMID: 35087081 PMCID: PMC8795414 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus that can cause severe congenital birth defects. The utmost goal of ZIKV vaccines is to prevent both maternal-fetal infection and congenital Zika syndrome. A Zika purified inactivated virus (ZPIV) was previously shown to be protective in non-pregnant mice and rhesus macaques. In this study, we further examined the efficacy of ZPIV against ZIKV infection during pregnancy in immunocompetent C57BL6 mice and common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). We showed that, in C57BL/6 mice, ZPIV significantly reduced ZIKV-induced fetal malformations. Protection of fetuses was positively correlated with virus-neutralizing antibody levels. In marmosets, the vaccine prevented vertical transmission of ZIKV and elicited neutralizing antibodies that remained above a previously determined threshold of protection for up to 18 months. These proof-of-concept studies demonstrate ZPIV's protective efficacy is both potent and durable and has the potential to prevent the harmful consequence of ZIKV infection during pregnancy.
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Zanatta-Coutinho R, Branco-Simão A. Abortion in the times of Zika: the perspective of women in two Brazilian municipalities. PAPELES DE POBLACION 2021; 27:33-57. [PMID: 36447797 PMCID: PMC9703644 DOI: 10.22185/24487147.2021.109.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, abortion is considered a crime under the Criminal Code since 1940. After the Zika virus epidemic (2015-2017) and the consequent appearance of microcephaly in newborns struck South America, the debate on the decriminalization of abortion in the Brazilian society was reignited. Using data obtained from focus groups comprising women of reproductive age across different socioeconomic strata and two Brazilian cities, we investigated the perceptions of the participants on abortion, especially its use during the Zika epidemic. Although legally criminalized, abortion is prevalent among women, as a way to fulfill their reproductive desire. Criminalization puts the health and lives of women at risk, particularly those with less economic and cultural capital. We also discover the role of friends in women's decision to utilize the procedure. The strong asymmetry of power between men and women contributes to the greater vulnerability of women. The results suggest an urgent need to review the legislation on abortion concerning its criminalization and the option of safer abortion within the scope of the public health service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Zanatta-Coutinho
- Departamento de Demografia e Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional (Cedeplar), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Branco-Simão
- Departamento de Demografia e Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional (Cedeplar), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Single dose of chimeric dengue-2/Zika vaccine candidate protects mice and non-human primates against Zika virus. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7320. [PMID: 34916486 PMCID: PMC8677809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a safe and effective Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine has become a global health priority since the widespread epidemic in 2015-2016. Based on previous experience in using the well-characterized and clinically proven dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV-2) PDK-53 vaccine backbone for live-attenuated chimeric flavivirus vaccine development, we developed chimeric DENV-2/ZIKV vaccine candidates optimized for growth and genetic stability in Vero cells. These vaccine candidates retain all previously characterized attenuation phenotypes of the PDK-53 vaccine virus, including attenuation of neurovirulence for 1-day-old CD-1 mice, absence of virulence in interferon receptor-deficient mice, and lack of transmissibility in the main mosquito vectors. A single DENV-2/ZIKV dose provides protection against ZIKV challenge in mice and rhesus macaques. Overall, these data indicate that the ZIKV live-attenuated vaccine candidates are safe, immunogenic and effective at preventing ZIKV infection in multiple animal models, warranting continued development.
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21
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Haese NN, Roberts VHJ, Chen A, Streblow DN, Morgan TK, Hirsch AJ. Nonhuman Primate Models of Zika Virus Infection and Disease during Pregnancy. Viruses 2021; 13:2088. [PMID: 34696518 PMCID: PMC8539636 DOI: 10.3390/v13102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the explosive outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil and South/Central America in 2015-2016, the frequency of infections has subsided, but Zika virus remains present in this region as well as other tropical and sub-tropical areas of the globe. The most alarming aspect of Zika virus infection is its association with severe birth defects when infection occurs in pregnant women. Understanding the mechanism of Zika virus pathogenesis, which comprises features unique to Zika virus as well as shared with other teratogenic pathogens, is key to future prophylactic or therapeutic interventions. Nonhuman primate-based research has played a significant role in advancing our knowledge of Zika virus pathogenesis, especially with regard to fetal infection. This review summarizes what we have learned from these models and potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole N. Haese
- The Vaccine & Gene Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; (N.N.H.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Victoria H. J. Roberts
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA;
| | - Athena Chen
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (T.K.M.)
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- The Vaccine & Gene Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; (N.N.H.); (D.N.S.)
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (T.K.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alec J. Hirsch
- The Vaccine & Gene Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; (N.N.H.); (D.N.S.)
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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22
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Moresco A, Feltrer-Rambaud Y, Wolfman D, Agnew DW. Reproductive one health in primates. Am J Primatol 2021; 84:e23325. [PMID: 34516669 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One Health is a collaborative trans-disciplinary approach to health; integrating human, animal, and environmental health. The focus is often on infection disease transmission and disease risk mitigation. However, One Health also includes the multidisciplinary and comparative approach to disease investigation and health of humans, animals, and the environment. One key aspect of environmental/ecosystem health is conservation, the maintenance of healthy, actively reproducing wildlife populations. Reproduction and reproductive health are an integral part of the One Health approach: the comparative aspects of reproduction can inform conservation policies or breeding strategies (in situ and ex situ) in addition to physiology and disease. Differences in reproductive strategies affect the impact poaching and habitat disruption might have on a given population, as well as ex situ breeding programs and the management of zoo and sanctuary populations. Much is known about chimpanzees, macaques, and marmosets as these are common animal models, but there is much that remains unknown regarding reproduction in many other primates. Examining the similarities and differences between and within taxonomic groups allows reasonable extrapolation for decision-making when there are knowledge gaps. For example: (1) knowing that a species has very low reproductive rates adds urgency to conservation policy for that region or species; (2) identifying species with short or absent lactation anestrus allows ex situ institutions to better plan contraception options for specific individuals or prepare for the immediate next pregnancy; (3) recognizing that progestin contraceptives are effective contraceptives, but may be associated with endometrial hyperplasia in some species (in Lemuridae but not great apes) better guides empirical contraceptive choice; (4) recognizing the variable endometriosis prevalence across taxa improves preventive medicine programs. A summary of anatomical variation, endocrinology, contraception, pathology, and diagnostics is provided to illustrate these features and aid in routine physical and postmortem examinations as well as primate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Moresco
- International Primate Health & Welfare Group, Madrid, Spain.,Reproductive Health Surveillance Program, Morrison, Colorado, USA
| | - Yedra Feltrer-Rambaud
- International Primate Health & Welfare Group, Madrid, Spain.,EAZA Reproductive Management Group, Chester, UK
| | - Darcy Wolfman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, National Capital Region, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dalen W Agnew
- Reproductive Health Surveillance Program, Morrison, Colorado, USA.,Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
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McKinney JR, Seferovic MD, Major AM, Suter MA, Tardif SD, Patterson JL, Castro ECC, Aagaard KM. Placental Autophagy and Viral Replication Co-localize in Human and Non-human Primate Placentae Following Zika Virus Infection: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 1:720760. [PMID: 37431450 PMCID: PMC10331925 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2021.720760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Multiple studies have shown both induction and inhibition of autophagy during Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. While some have proposed mechanisms by which autophagic dysregulation might facilitate ZIKV vertical transmission, there is a lack of in situ data in human and non-human primate models. This is an especially pertinent question as autophagy-inhibitors, such as hydroxychloroquine, have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents aimed at preventing vertical transmission of ZIKV and other RNA viruses. Objectives Given the paucity of pre-clinical data in support of either autophagic enhancement or inhibition of placental ZIKV viral infection, we sought to assess cellular, spatial, and temporal associations between placental ZIKV infection and measures of autophagy in human primary cell culture and congenital infection cases, as well as an experimental non-human primate (marmoset, Callithrix jacchus) model. Study Design Primary trophoblast cells were isolated from human placentae (n = 10) and infected in vitro with ZIKV. Autophagy-associated gene expression (ULK-1, BECN1, ATG5, ATG7, ATG12, ATG16L1, MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, p62/SQSTM1) was then determined by TaqMan qPCR to determine fold-change with ZIKV-infection. In in vivo validation experiments, autophagy genes LC3B and p62/SQSTM1 were probed using in situ hybridization (ISH) in the placentae of human Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) cases (n = 3) and ZIKV-infected marmoset placenta (n = 1) and fetal tissue (n = 1). Infected and uninfected villi were compared for mean density and co-localization of autophagic protein markers. Results Studies of primary cultured human trophoblasts revealed decreased expression of autophagy genes ATG5 and p62/SQSTM1 in ZIKV-infected trophoblasts [ATG5 fold change (±SD) 0.734-fold (±0.722), p = 0.036; p62/SQSTM1 0.661-fold (±0.666), p = 0.029]. Histologic examination by ISH and immunohistochemistry confirmed spatial association of autophagy and ZIKV infection in human congenital infection cases, as well as marmoset placental and fetal tissue samples. When quantified by densitometric data, autophagic protein LC3B, and p62/SQSTM1 expression in marmoset placenta were significantly decreased in in situ ZIKV-infected villi compared to less-infected areas [LC3B mean 0.951 (95% CI, 0.930-0.971), p = 0.018; p62/SQSTM1 mean 0.863 (95% CI, 0.810-0.916), p = 0.024]. Conclusion In the current study, we observed that in the non-transformed human and non-human primate placenta, disruption (specifically down-regulation) of autophagy accompanies later ZIKV replication in vitro, in vivo, and in situ. The findings collectively suggest that dysregulated autophagy spatially and temporally accompanies placental ZIKV replication, providing the first in situ evidence in relevant primate pre-clinical and clinical models for the importance of timing of human therapeutic strategies aimed at agonizing/antagonizing autophagy. These studies have likely further implications for other congenitally transmitted viruses, particularly the RNA viruses, given the ubiquitous nature of autophagic disruption and dysregulation in host responses to viral infection during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. McKinney
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maxim D. Seferovic
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Angela M. Major
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melissa A. Suter
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Suzette D. Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jean L. Patterson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Eumenia C. C. Castro
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kjersti M. Aagaard
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Espino A, El Costa H, Tabiasco J, Al-Daccak R, Jabrane-Ferrat N. Innate Immune Response to Viral Infections at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Human Pregnancy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:674645. [PMID: 34368184 PMCID: PMC8339430 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.674645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta, the first and largest organ to develop after conception, not only nurtures and promotes the development of the conceptus, but, it also functions as a barrier against invading pathogens. Early phases of pregnancy are associated with expansion of specific subsets of Natural Killer cells (dNK) and macrophages (dMφ) at the maternal uterine mucosa, the basal decidua. In concert with cells of fetal origin, dNK cells, and dMφ orchestrate all steps of placenta and fetus development, and provide the first line of defense to limit vertical transmission. However, some pathogens that infect the mother can overcome this protective barrier and jeopardize the fetus health. In this review, we will discuss how members of the classical TORCH family (Toxoplasma, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus) and some emerging viruses (Hepatitis E virus, Zika virus, and SARS-CoV2) can afford access to the placental fortress. We will also discuss how changes in the intrauterine environment as a consequence of maternal immune cell activation contribute to placental diseases and devastating pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Espino
- Infinity, Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Inserm, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Hicham El Costa
- Infinity, Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Inserm, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Tabiasco
- Infinity, Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Inserm, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- Inserm UMRS976 - Université de Paris - Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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25
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Li M, Brokaw A, Furuta AM, Coler B, Obregon-Perko V, Chahroudi A, Wang HY, Permar SR, Hotchkiss CE, Golos TG, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM. Non-human Primate Models to Investigate Mechanisms of Infection-Associated Fetal and Pediatric Injury, Teratogenesis and Stillbirth. Front Genet 2021; 12:680342. [PMID: 34290739 PMCID: PMC8287178 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide array of pathogens has the potential to injure the fetus and induce teratogenesis, the process by which mutations in fetal somatic cells lead to congenital malformations. Rubella virus was the first infectious disease to be linked to congenital malformations due to an infection in pregnancy, which can include congenital cataracts, microcephaly, hearing impairment and congenital heart disease. Currently, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading infectious cause of congenital malformations globally, affecting 1 in every 200 infants. However, our knowledge of teratogenic viruses and pathogens is far from complete. New emerging infectious diseases may induce teratogenesis, similar to Zika virus (ZIKV) that caused a global pandemic in 2016-2017; thousands of neonates were born with congenital microcephaly due to ZIKV exposure in utero, which also included a spectrum of injuries to the brain, eyes and spinal cord. In addition to congenital anomalies, permanent injury to fetal and neonatal organs, preterm birth, stillbirth and spontaneous abortion are known consequences of a broader group of infectious diseases including group B streptococcus (GBS), Listeria monocytogenes, Influenza A virus (IAV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Animal models are crucial for determining the mechanism of how these various infectious diseases induce teratogenesis or organ injury, as well as testing novel therapeutics for fetal or neonatal protection. Other mammalian models differ in many respects from human pregnancy including placentation, labor physiology, reproductive tract anatomy, timeline of fetal development and reproductive toxicology. In contrast, non-human primates (NHP) most closely resemble human pregnancy and exhibit key similarities that make them ideal for research to discover the mechanisms of injury and for testing vaccines and therapeutics to prevent teratogenesis, fetal and neonatal injury and adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., stillbirth or spontaneous abortion). In this review, we emphasize key contributions of the NHP model pre-clinical research for ZIKV, HCMV, HIV, IAV, L. monocytogenes, Ureaplasma species, and GBS. This work represents the foundation for development and testing of preventative and therapeutic strategies to inhibit infectious injury of human fetuses and neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alyssa Brokaw
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anna M. Furuta
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brahm Coler
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Veronica Obregon-Perko
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charlotte E. Hotchkiss
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristina M. Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Nakayama E, Kato F, Tajima S, Ogawa S, Yan K, Takahashi K, Sato Y, Suzuki T, Kawai Y, Inagaki T, Taniguchi S, Le TT, Tang B, Prow NA, Uda A, Maeki T, Lim CK, Khromykh AA, Suhrbier A, Saijo M. Neuroinvasiveness of the MR766 strain of Zika virus in IFNAR-/- mice maps to prM residues conserved amongst African genotype viruses. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009788. [PMID: 34310650 PMCID: PMC8341709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) strains are classified into the African and Asian genotypes. The higher virulence of the African MR766 strain, which has been used extensively in ZIKV research, in adult IFNα/β receptor knockout (IFNAR-/-) mice is widely viewed as an artifact associated with mouse adaptation due to at least 146 passages in wild-type suckling mouse brains. To gain insights into the molecular determinants of MR766's virulence, a series of genes from MR766 were swapped with those from the Asian genotype PRVABC59 isolate, which is less virulent in IFNAR-/- mice. MR766 causes 100% lethal infection in IFNAR-/- mice, but when the prM gene of MR766 was replaced with that of PRVABC59, the chimera MR/PR(prM) showed 0% lethal infection. The reduced virulence was associated with reduced neuroinvasiveness, with MR766 brain titers ≈3 logs higher than those of MR/PR(prM) after subcutaneous infection, but was not significantly different in brain titers of MR766 and MR/PR(prM) after intracranial inoculation. MR/PR(prM) also showed reduced transcytosis when compared with MR766 in vitro. The high neuroinvasiveness of MR766 in IFNAR-/- mice could be linked to the 10 amino acids that differ between the prM proteins of MR766 and PRVABC59, with 5 of these changes affecting positive charge and hydrophobicity on the exposed surface of the prM protein. These 10 amino acids are highly conserved amongst African ZIKV isolates, irrespective of suckling mouse passage, arguing that the high virulence of MR766 in adult IFNAR-/- mice is not the result of mouse adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Nakayama
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fumihiro Kato
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tajima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Ogawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kexin Yan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawai
- Management Department of Biosafety and Laboratory Animal, Division of Biosafety Control and Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Inagaki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thuy T. Le
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie A. Prow
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Akihiko Uda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang-Kweng Lim
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Crooks CM, Weiler AM, Rybarczyk SL, Bliss MI, Jaeger AS, Murphy ME, Simmons HA, Mejia A, Fritsch MK, Hayes JM, Eickhoff JC, Mitzey AM, Razo E, Braun KM, Brown EA, Yamamoto K, Shepherd PM, Possell A, Weaver K, Antony KM, Morgan TK, Newman CM, Dudley DM, Schultz-Darken N, Peterson E, Katzelnick LC, Balmaseda A, Harris E, O’Connor DH, Mohr EL, Golos TG, Friedrich TC, Aliota MT. Previous exposure to dengue virus is associated with increased Zika virus burden at the maternal-fetal interface in rhesus macaques. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009641. [PMID: 34329306 PMCID: PMC8357128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns have arisen that pre-existing immunity to dengue virus (DENV) could enhance Zika virus (ZIKV) disease, due to the homology between ZIKV and DENV and the observation of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) among DENV serotypes. To date, no study has examined the impact of pre-existing DENV immunity on ZIKV pathogenesis during pregnancy in a translational non-human primate model. Here we show that macaques with a prior DENV-2 exposure had a higher burden of ZIKV vRNA in maternal-fetal interface tissues as compared to DENV-naive macaques. However, pre-existing DENV immunity had no detectable impact on ZIKV replication kinetics in maternal plasma, and all pregnancies progressed to term without adverse outcomes or gross fetal abnormalities detectable at delivery. Understanding the risks of ADE to pregnant women worldwide is critical as vaccines against DENV and ZIKV are developed and licensed and as DENV and ZIKV continue to circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M. Crooks
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sierra L. Rybarczyk
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mason I. Bliss
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anna S. Jaeger
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Megan E. Murphy
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Fritsch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Hayes
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Mitzey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elaina Razo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Katarina M. Braun
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Brown
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Phoenix M. Shepherd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amber Possell
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kara Weaver
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Antony
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric Peterson
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | | | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Newman CM, Tarantal AF, Martinez ML, Simmons HA, Morgan TK, Zeng X, Rosinski JR, Bliss MI, Bohm EK, Dudley DM, Aliota MT, Friedrich TC, Miller CJ, O’Connor DH. Early Embryonic Loss Following Intravaginal Zika Virus Challenge in Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686437. [PMID: 34079560 PMCID: PMC8165274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) and is primarily transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes; however, ZIKV can also be sexually transmitted. During the initial epidemic and in places where ZIKV is now considered endemic, it is difficult to disentangle the risks and contributions of sexual versus vector-borne transmission to adverse pregnancy outcomes. To examine the potential impact of sexual transmission of ZIKV on pregnancy outcome, we challenged three rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) three times intravaginally with 1 x 107 PFU of a low passage, African lineage ZIKV isolate (ZIKV-DAK) in the first trimester (~30 days gestational age). Samples were collected from all animals initially on days 3 through 10 post challenge, followed by twice, and then once weekly sample collection; ultrasound examinations were performed every 3-4 days then weekly as pregnancies progressed. All three dams had ZIKV RNA detectable in plasma on day 3 post-ZIKV challenge. At approximately 45 days gestation (17-18 days post-challenge), two of the three dams were found with nonviable embryos by ultrasound. Viral RNA was detected in recovered tissues and at the maternal-fetal interface (MFI) in both cases. The remaining viable pregnancy proceeded to near term (~155 days gestational age) and ZIKV RNA was detected at the MFI but not in fetal tissues. These results suggest that sexual transmission of ZIKV may represent an underappreciated risk of pregnancy loss during early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Newman
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alice F. Tarantal
- Pediatrics, Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michele L. Martinez
- Pediatrics, Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Heather A. Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Pathology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jenna R. Rosinski
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mason I. Bliss
- Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ellie K. Bohm
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Zika Virus Pathogenesis: A Battle for Immune Evasion. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030294. [PMID: 33810028 PMCID: PMC8005041 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and its associated congenital and other neurological disorders, particularly microcephaly and other fetal developmental abnormalities, constitute a World Health Organization (WHO) Zika Virus Research Agenda within the WHO’s R&D Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics, and continue to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) today. ZIKV pathogenicity is initiated by viral infection and propagation across multiple placental and fetal tissue barriers, and is critically strengthened by subverting host immunity. ZIKV immune evasion involves viral non-structural proteins, genomic and non-coding RNA and microRNA (miRNA) to modulate interferon (IFN) signaling and production, interfering with intracellular signal pathways and autophagy, and promoting cellular environment changes together with secretion of cellular components to escape innate and adaptive immunity and further infect privileged immune organs/tissues such as the placenta and eyes. This review includes a description of recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying ZIKV immune modulation and evasion that strongly condition viral pathogenesis, which would certainly contribute to the development of anti-ZIKV strategies, drugs, and vaccines.
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30
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Imbeloni AA, de Alcantara BN, Coutinho LN, de Azevedo Scalercio SRR, Carneiro LA, Oliveira KG, Filho AJM, de Brito Simith Durans D, da Silva WB, Nunes BTD, Casseb LMN, Chiang JO, de Carvalho CAM, Machado MB, Quaresma JAS, de Almeida Medeiros DB, da Costa Vasconcelos PF. Prenatal disorders and congenital Zika syndrome in squirrel monkeys. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2698. [PMID: 33514824 PMCID: PMC7846595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil (2015–2016), the clinical manifestations associated with its infection were complex and included miscarriage and congenital malformations, not previously described. In this study, we evaluated the prenatal conditions of pregnant female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) infected during different gestational thirds (GTs) and assessed all clinical aspects, diagnostic imaging, viremia and the immune response. In our study, 75% of the infected animals in the 1st GT group had significant clinical manifestations, such as miscarriage and prolonged viremia associated with a late immune response. Consequently, their neonates showed fetal neuropathology, such as cerebral hemorrhage, lissencephaly or malformations of the brain grooves, ventriculomegaly, and craniofacial malformations. Thus, our study demonstrated the relevance of pregnant squirrel monkeys as a model for the study of ZIKV infection in neonates due to the broad clinical manifestations presented, including the typical congenital Zika syndrome manifestations described in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Amaral Imbeloni
- National Primate Center, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Liliane Almeida Carneiro
- National Primate Center, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Karol Guimarães Oliveira
- National Primate Center, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Jorge Martins Filho
- Department of Pathology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Darlene de Brito Simith Durans
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Livia Medeiros Neves Casseb
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Jannifer Oliveira Chiang
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Borges Machado
- University Center of Para, Governador Jose Malcher Avenue, 485, Belem, Para, 66035-065, Brazil
| | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Department of Pathology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil.,University of Pará State, Tv. Perebebuí-Marco, 2623, Belém, Para State, 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Daniele Barbosa de Almeida Medeiros
- Post-Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil. .,Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Post-Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil. .,Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km-07, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil. .,University of Pará State, Tv. Perebebuí-Marco, 2623, Belém, Para State, 66087-662, Brazil.
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31
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Manna S, Dey S, Biswas S, Nandy A, Basak SC. Current Perspective of Zika Virus and Vaccine Development. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2020; 000:1-9. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yiu G, Thomasy SM, Casanova MI, Rusakevich A, Keesler RI, Watanabe J, Usachenko J, Singapuri A, Ball EE, Bliss-Moreau E, Guo W, Webster H, Singh T, Permar S, Ardeshir A, Coffey LL, Van Rompay KK. Evolution of ocular defects in infant macaques following in utero Zika virus infection. JCI Insight 2020; 5:143947. [PMID: 33180748 PMCID: PMC7819741 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is associated with microcephaly and various neurological, musculoskeletal, and ocular abnormalities, but the long-term pathogenesis and postnatal progression of ocular defects in infants are not well characterized. Rhesus macaques are superior to rodents as models of CZS because they are natural hosts of the virus and share similar immune and ocular characteristics, including blood–retinal barrier characteristics and the unique presence of a macula. Using a previously described model of CZS, we infected pregnant rhesus macaques with Zika virus (ZIKV) during the late first trimester and characterized postnatal ocular development and evolution of ocular defects in 2 infant macaques over 2 years. We found that one of them exhibited colobomatous chorioretinal atrophic lesions with macular and vascular dragging as well as retinal thinning caused by loss of retinal ganglion neuron and photoreceptor layers. Despite these congenital ocular malformations, axial elongation and retinal development in these infants progressed at normal rates compared with healthy animals. The ZIKV-exposed infants displayed a rapid loss of ZIKV-specific antibodies, suggesting the absence of viral replication after birth, and did not show any behavioral or neurological defects postnatally. Our findings suggest that ZIKV infection during early pregnancy can impact fetal retinal development and cause congenital ocular anomalies but does not appear to affect postnatal ocular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, and
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - M Isabel Casanova
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jodie Usachenko
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anil Singapuri
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Erin E Ball
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Wendi Guo
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen Webster
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tulika Singh
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sallie Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lark L Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Koen Ka Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
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Leisher SH, Balalian AA, Reinebrant H, Shiau S, Flenady V, Kuhn L, Morse SS. Systematic review: fetal death reporting and risk in Zika-affected pregnancies. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 26:133-145. [PMID: 33164278 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Zika virus is linked to several adverse pregnancy outcomes. We assessed whether Zika infection during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of foetal death (miscarriage, stillbirth, abortion) and whether there is incomplete reporting of such deaths. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and LILACS for studies reporting Zika-affected completed pregnancies (ending in foetal death or live birth), excluding studies whose aim required live birth. Studies 'allowed' foetal death if their populations were defined to encompass both live births and foetal deaths, regardless of whether deaths were actually found. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Foetal death absolute and relative risks in Zika-affected vs. unaffected pregnancies were calculated. RESULTS We found 108 reports including 24 699 completed, Zika-affected pregnancies. The median absolute risk in 37 studies of completed, Zika-affected pregnancies was 6.3% (IQR 3.2%, 10.6%) for foetal death and 5.9% (IQR 0%, 29.1%) for non-fatal adverse outcomes (e.g. microcephaly). More studies allowed non-fatal adverse outcomes (95%) than foetal death (58%). Of studies which allowed them, 94% found at least one foetal death. In 37% of reports, it was unknown whether foetal deaths were allowed. Only one study had sufficient data to estimate a foetal death relative risk (11.05, 95% CI 3.43, 35.55). CONCLUSIONS Evidence was insufficient to determine whether foetal death risk is higher in Zika-affected pregnancies, but suggests quality of foetal death reporting should be improved, including stating whether foetal deaths were found, how many, and at what gestational ages, or justifying their exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Hopkins Leisher
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arin A Balalian
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Shiau
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vicki Flenady
- Stillbirth Centre of Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Louise Kuhn
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen S Morse
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Two Sides of a Coin: a Zika Virus Mutation Selected in Pregnant Rhesus Macaques Promotes Fetal Infection in Mice but at a Cost of Reduced Fitness in Nonpregnant Macaques and Diminished Transmissibility by Vectors. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01605-20. [PMID: 32999034 PMCID: PMC7925200 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01605-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Zika virus infection of pregnant women can result in congenital Zika syndrome, the factors that cause the syndrome in some but not all infected mothers are still unclear. We identified a mutation that was present in some ZIKV genomes in experimentally inoculated pregnant rhesus macaques and their fetuses. Although we did not find an association between the presence of the mutation and fetal death, we performed additional studies with ZIKV with the mutation in nonpregnant macaques, pregnant mice, and mosquitoes. We observed that the mutation increased the ability of the virus to infect mouse fetuses but decreased its capacity to produce high levels of virus in the blood of nonpregnant macaques and to be transmitted by mosquitoes. This study shows that mutations in mosquito-borne viruses like ZIKV that increase fitness in pregnant vertebrates may not spread in outbreaks when they compromise transmission via mosquitoes and fitness in nonpregnant hosts. Although fetal death is now understood to be a severe outcome of congenital Zika syndrome, the role of viral genetics is still unclear. We sequenced Zika virus (ZIKV) from a rhesus macaque fetus that died after inoculation and identified a single intrahost substitution, M1404I, in the ZIKV polyprotein, located in nonstructural protein 2B (NS2B). Targeted sequencing flanking position 1404 in 9 additional macaque mothers and their fetuses identified M1404I at a subconsensus frequency in the majority (5 of 9, 56%) of animals and some of their fetuses. Despite its repeated presence in pregnant macaques, M1404I has occurred rarely in humans since 2015. Since the primary ZIKV transmission cycle is human-mosquito-human, mutations in one host must be retained in the alternate host to be perpetuated. We hypothesized that ZIKV I1404 increases viral fitness in nonpregnant macaques and pregnant mice but is less efficiently transmitted by vectors, explaining its low frequency in humans during outbreaks. By examining competitive fitness relative to that of ZIKV M1404, we observed that ZIKV I1404 produced lower viremias in nonpregnant macaques and was a weaker competitor in tissues. In pregnant wild-type mice, ZIKV I1404 increased the magnitude and rate of placental infection and conferred fetal infection, in contrast to ZIKV M1404, which was not detected in fetuses. Although infection and dissemination rates were not different, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes transmitted ZIKV I1404 more poorly than ZIKV M1404. Our data highlight the complexity of arbovirus mutation-fitness dynamics and suggest that intrahost ZIKV mutations capable of augmenting fitness in pregnant vertebrates may not necessarily spread efficiently via mosquitoes during epidemics. IMPORTANCE Although Zika virus infection of pregnant women can result in congenital Zika syndrome, the factors that cause the syndrome in some but not all infected mothers are still unclear. We identified a mutation that was present in some ZIKV genomes in experimentally inoculated pregnant rhesus macaques and their fetuses. Although we did not find an association between the presence of the mutation and fetal death, we performed additional studies with ZIKV with the mutation in nonpregnant macaques, pregnant mice, and mosquitoes. We observed that the mutation increased the ability of the virus to infect mouse fetuses but decreased its capacity to produce high levels of virus in the blood of nonpregnant macaques and to be transmitted by mosquitoes. This study shows that mutations in mosquito-borne viruses like ZIKV that increase fitness in pregnant vertebrates may not spread in outbreaks when they compromise transmission via mosquitoes and fitness in nonpregnant hosts.
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Quantitative definition of neurobehavior, vision, hearing and brain volumes in macaques congenitally exposed to Zika virus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235877. [PMID: 33091010 PMCID: PMC7580995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure results in a spectrum of disease ranging from severe birth defects to delayed onset neurodevelopmental deficits. ZIKV-related neuropathogenesis, predictors of birth defects, and neurodevelopmental deficits are not well defined in people. Here we assess the methodological and statistical feasibility of a congenital ZIKV exposure macaque model for identifying infant neurobehavior and brain abnormalities that may underlie neurodevelopmental deficits. We inoculated five pregnant macaques with ZIKV and mock-inoculated one macaque in the first trimester. Following birth, growth, ocular structure/function, brain structure, hearing, histopathology, and neurobehavior were quantitatively assessed during the first week of life. We identified the typical pregnancy outcomes of congenital ZIKV infection, with fetal demise and placental abnormalities. We estimated sample sizes needed to define differences between groups and demonstrated that future studies quantifying brain region volumes, retinal structure, hearing, and visual pathway function require a sample size of 14 animals per group (14 ZIKV, 14 control) to detect statistically significant differences in at least half of the infant exam parameters. Establishing the parameters for future studies of neurodevelopmental outcomes following congenital ZIKV exposure in macaques is essential for robust and rigorous experimental design.
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Abstract
Zika virus epidemics have potential large-scale population effects. Controlled studies of mice and nonhuman primates indicate that Zika affects fecundity, raising concerns about miscarriage in human populations. In regions of Brazil, Zika risk peaked months before residents learned about the epidemic and its relation to congenital anomalies. This spatiotemporal variation supports analysis of both biological effects of Zika infection on fertility and the effects of learning about Zika risk on reproductive behavior. Causal inference techniques used with vital statistics indicate that the epidemic caused reductions in birth cohort size of approximately one-quarter 18 months after Zika infection risk peaked but 10 months after public health messages advocated childbearing delay. The evidence is consistent with small but not statistically detectable biological reductions in fecundity, as well as large strategic changes in reproductive behavior to temporally align childbearing with reduced risk to infant health. The behavioral effects are larger for more-educated and older women, which may reflect facilitated access to information and to family planning services within high-risk, mosquito-infested urban locations as well as perceptions about the opportunity costs of risks to pregnancy and infant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A Rangel
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, 302 Towerview Road, Rubenstein Hall, Office 262, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD), London, UK.
| | - Jenna Nobles
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amar Hamoudi
- Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Immune outcomes of Zika virus infection in nonhuman primates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13069. [PMID: 32747639 PMCID: PMC7400481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic is subsiding, immune responses that are important for controlling acute infection have not been definitively characterized. Nonhuman primate (NHP) models were rapidly developed to understand the disease and to test vaccines, and these models have since provided an understanding of the immune responses that correlate with protection during natural infection and vaccination. Here, we infected a small group of male rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) macaques with a minimally passaged Brazilian ZIKV isolate and used multicolor flow cytometry and transcriptional profiling to describe early immune patterns following infection. We found evidence of strong innate antiviral responses together with induction of neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. We also assessed the relative importance of CD8 T cells in controlling infection by carrying out CD8 T cell depletion in an additional two animals of each species. CD8 depletion appeared to dysregulate early antiviral responses and possibly increase viral persistence, but the absence of CD8 T cells ultimately did not impair control of the virus. Together, these data describe immunological trends in two NHP species during acute ZIKV infection, providing an account of early responses that may be important in controlling infection.
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Pique-Regi R, Romero R, Tarca AL, Luca F, Xu Y, Alazizi A, Leng Y, Hsu CD, Gomez-Lopez N. Does the human placenta express the canonical cell entry mediators for SARS-CoV-2? eLife 2020; 9:e58716. [PMID: 32662421 PMCID: PMC7367681 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected more than 10 million people, including pregnant women. To date, no consistent evidence for the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 exists. The novel coronavirus canonically utilizes the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for cell entry. Herein, building upon our previous single-cell study (Pique-Regi et al., 2019), another study, and new single-cell/nuclei RNA-sequencing data, we investigated the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 throughout pregnancy in the placenta as well as in third-trimester chorioamniotic membranes. We report that co-transcription of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 is negligible in the placenta, thus not a likely path of vertical transmission for SARS-CoV-2. By contrast, receptors for Zika virus and cytomegalovirus, which cause congenital infections, are highly expressed by placental cell types. These data show that the placenta minimally expresses the canonical cell-entry mediators for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Pique-Regi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesDetroitUnited States
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesDetroitUnited States
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- Detroit Medical CenterDetroitUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International UniversityMiamiUnited States
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesDetroitUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of EngineeringDetroitUnited States
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesDetroitUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Adnan Alazizi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Yaozhu Leng
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesDetroitUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesDetroitUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesDetroitUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
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Xu P, Shan C, Dunn TJ, Xie X, Xia H, Gao J, Allende Labastida J, Zou J, Villarreal PP, Schlagal CR, Yu Y, Vargas G, Rossi SL, Vasilakis N, Shi PY, Weaver SC, Wu P. Role of microglia in the dissemination of Zika virus from mother to fetal brain. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008413. [PMID: 32628667 PMCID: PMC7365479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks and their link to microcephaly have raised major public health concerns. However, the mechanism of maternal-fetal transmission remains largely unknown. In this study, we determined the role of yolk sac (YS) microglial progenitors in a mouse model of ZIKV vertical transmission. We found that embryonic (E) days 6.5-E8.5 were a critical window for ZIKV infection that resulted in fetal demise and microcephaly, and YS microglial progenitors were susceptible to ZIKV infection. Ablation of YS microglial progenitors significantly reduced the viral load in both the YS and the embryonic brain. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that YS microglial progenitors serve as “Trojan horses,” contributing to ZIKV fetal brain dissemination and congenital brain defects. ZIKV is more likely to cause fetal demise and brain malformations when the mother is infected at an early stage of pregnancy, which is the critical time window when a special type of immune cells called microglia appear in the YS and migrate to the fetal brain. YS-derived microglia are susceptible to ZIKV infection and can act as “Trojan horses” to bring ZIKV from the mother to the fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chao Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tiffany J. Dunn
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hongjie Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Junling Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Allende Labastida
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paula P. Villarreal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Caitlin R. Schlagal
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yongjia Yu
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shannan L. Rossi
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos Vasilakis
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SCW); (PW)
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SCW); (PW)
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A combination of two human monoclonal antibodies limits fetal damage by Zika virus in macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7981-7989. [PMID: 32209664 PMCID: PMC7149495 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000414117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause fetal abnormalities. Vaccines against ZIKV are under development, but because of potential safety concerns due to disease-enhancing antibodies, and the time required by active immunization to induce protective antibodies, there is a need to explore alternative strategies. Recombinant monoclonal antibodies can be modified to prevent enhancement of infection, and thus could be an efficacious and safe alternative to vaccines to confer rapid protection. We show that prophylactic administration of two engineered antibodies, Z004 and Z021, to pregnant macaques partially protects against fetal neurologic damage and limits vertical transmission of ZIKV. Human infection by Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy can lead to vertical transmission and fetal aberrations, including microcephaly. Prophylactic administration of antibodies can diminish or prevent ZIKV infection in animal models, but whether passive immunization can protect nonhuman primates and their fetuses during pregnancy has not been determined. Z004 and Z021 are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to domain III of the envelope (EDIII) of ZIKV. Together the two antibodies protect nonpregnant macaques against infection even after Fc modifications to prevent antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in vitro and extend their half-lives. Here we report on prophylactic coadministration of the Fc-modified antibodies to pregnant rhesus macaques challenged three times with ZIKV during first and second trimester. The two antibodies did not entirely eliminate maternal viremia but limited vertical transmission, protecting the fetus from neurologic damage. Thus, maternal passive immunization with two antibodies to EDIII can shield primate fetuses from the harmful effects of ZIKV.
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Management of Patients in the Context of Zika Virus: ACOG COMMITTEE OPINION, Number 784. Obstet Gynecol 2020; 134:e64-e70. [PMID: 31441824 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus is a flavivirus with the potential to cause serious adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. Although rates of Zika virus infection have decreased in the United States, obstetrician-gynecologists and other health care providers should continue to assess their patients for potential exposure based on travel or sexual history and test symptomatic patients with possible exposure and pregnant women with ongoing exposure regardless of symptoms in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations. Pregnant women and those planning a pregnancy should talk to their health care providers about potential risks before traveling to an area where current or past Zika virus transmission has occurred. Testing recommendations for pregnant women with possible Zika virus exposure differ based on the presence or absence of symptoms of Zika virus infection and the circumstances of possible exposure. If obstetrician-gynecologists or other health care providers identify a patient who has possibly been exposed to the Zika virus and may require testing, they should contact their local or state health department for assistance. Consultation with a maternal-fetal medicine specialist or an infectious disease specialist with expertise in the management of infectious diseases in pregnancy may be useful for pregnant women with possible maternal Zika virus infection or concerning fetal findings. Zika virus identification and follow-up care of infants born to women with possible exposure to Zika virus during pregnancy are critical and can ensure that appropriate intervention services are available to affected infants. Obstetrician-gynecologists and other obstetric care providers should have a system to ensure relevant information regarding a woman's Zika infection status is communicated to pediatric care providers.
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Schwarz ER, Oliveira LJ, Bonfante F, Pu R, Pozor MA, Maclachlan NJ, Beachboard S, Barr KL, Long MT. Experimental Infection of Mid-Gestation Pregnant Female and Intact Male Sheep with Zika Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030291. [PMID: 32156037 PMCID: PMC7150993 DOI: 10.3390/v12030291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus that causes birth defects, persistent male infection, and sexual transmission in humans. The purpose of this study was to continue the development of an ovine ZIKV infection model; thus, two experiments were undertaken. In the first experiment, we built on previous pregnant sheep experiments by developing a mid-gestation model of ZIKV infection. Four pregnant sheep were challenged with ZIKV at 57–64 days gestation; two animals served as controls. After 13–15 days (corresponding with 70–79 days of gestation), one control and two infected animals were euthanized; the remaining animals were euthanized at 20–22 days post-infection (corresponding with 77–86 days of gestation). In the second experiment, six sexually mature, intact, male sheep were challenged with ZIKV and two animals served as controls. Infected animals were serially euthanized on days 2–6 and day 9 post-infection with the goal of isolating ZIKV from the male reproductive tract. In the mid-gestation study, virus was detected in maternal placenta and spleen, and in fetal organs, including the brains, spleens/liver, and umbilicus of infected fetuses. Fetuses from infected animals had visibly misshapen heads and morphometrics revealed significantly smaller head sizes in infected fetuses when compared to controls. Placental pathology was evident in infected dams. In the male experiment, ZIKV was detected in the spleen, liver, testes/epididymides, and accessory sex glands of infected animals. Results from both experiments indicate that mid-gestation ewes can be infected with ZIKV with subsequent disruption of fetal development and that intact male sheep are susceptible to ZIKV infection and viral dissemination and replication occurs in highly vascular tissues (including those of the male reproductive tract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R. Schwarz
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.R.S.); (R.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Lilian J. Oliveira
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Francesco Bonfante
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Models, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Ruiyu Pu
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.R.S.); (R.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Malgorzata A. Pozor
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - N. James Maclachlan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Sarah Beachboard
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.R.S.); (R.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Kelli L. Barr
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA;
| | - Maureen T. Long
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.R.S.); (R.P.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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43
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Steinbach RJ, Haese NN, Smith JL, Colgin LMA, MacAllister RP, Greene JM, Parkins CJ, Kempton JB, Porsov E, Wang X, Renner LM, McGill TJ, Dozier BL, Kreklywich CN, Andoh TF, Grafe MR, Pecoraro HL, Hodge T, Friedman RM, Houser LA, Morgan TK, Stenzel P, Lindner JR, Schelonka RL, Sacha JB, Roberts VHJ, Neuringer M, Brigande JV, Kroenke CD, Frias AE, Lewis AD, Kelleher MA, Hirsch AJ, Streblow DN. A neonatal nonhuman primate model of gestational Zika virus infection with evidence of microencephaly, seizures and cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227676. [PMID: 31935257 PMCID: PMC6959612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus infection during pregnancy is associated with miscarriage and with a broad spectrum of fetal and neonatal developmental abnormalities collectively known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Symptomology of CZS includes malformations of the brain and skull, neurodevelopmental delay, seizures, joint contractures, hearing loss and visual impairment. Previous studies of Zika virus in pregnant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have described injury to the developing fetus and pregnancy loss, but neonatal outcomes following fetal Zika virus exposure have yet to be characterized in nonhuman primates. Herein we describe the presentation of rhesus macaque neonates with a spectrum of clinical outcomes, including one infant with CZS-like symptoms including cardiomyopathy, motor delay and seizure activity following maternal infection with Zika virus during the first trimester of pregnancy. Further characterization of this neonatal nonhuman primate model of gestational Zika virus infection will provide opportunities to evaluate the efficacy of pre- and postnatal therapeutics for gestational Zika virus infection and CZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J. Steinbach
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole N. Haese
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Smith
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lois M. A. Colgin
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Pathology Services Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rhonda P. MacAllister
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Clinical Medicine Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Justin M. Greene
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Parkins
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - J. Beth Kempton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Edward Porsov
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. Renner
- Department of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Trevor J. McGill
- Department of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brandy L. Dozier
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Clinical Medicine Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Craig N. Kreklywich
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Takeshi F. Andoh
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Marjorie R. Grafe
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Heidi L. Pecoraro
- Veterinary Diagnostic Services Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Travis Hodge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Time Mated Breeding Services Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Friedman
- Department of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Houser
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Behavioral Services Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Peter Stenzel
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Schelonka
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jonah B. Sacha
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Victoria H. J. Roberts
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Martha Neuringer
- Department of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - John V. Brigande
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Kroenke
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Antonio E. Frias
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Anne D. Lewis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Pathology Services Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Meredith A. Kelleher
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alec J. Hirsch
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Daniel Neal Streblow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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44
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was once considered an obscure member of the large and diverse family of mosquito-borne flaviviruses, and human infections with ZIKV were thought to be sporadic, with mild and self-limiting symptoms. The large-scale ZIKV epidemics in the Americas and the unexpected uncovering of a link to congenital birth defects escalated ZIKV infections to the status of a global public health emergency. Recent studies that combined reverse genetics with modelling in multiple systems have provided evidence that ZIKV has acquired additional amino acid substitutions at the same time as congenital Zika syndrome and other birth defects were detected. In this Progress article, we summarize the evolution of ZIKV during its spread from Asia to the Americas and discuss potential links to pathogenesis.
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45
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Block LN, Aliota MT, Friedrich TC, Schotzko ML, Mean KD, Wiepz GJ, Golos TG, Schmidt JK. Embryotoxic impact of Zika virus in a rhesus macaque in vitro implantation model†. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:806-816. [PMID: 31901091 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans, and infection in the first trimester can lead to miscarriage and stillbirth. Vertical and sexual transmissions of ZIKV have been demonstrated, yet the impact of infection during the initial stages of pregnancy remains unexplored. Here we defined the impact of ZIKV on early embryonic and placental development with a rhesus macaque model. During in vitro fertilization (IVF), macaque gametes were inoculated with a physiologically relevant dose of 5.48log10 plaque-forming units (PFU) of Zika virus/H.sapiens-tc/PUR/2015/PRVABC59_v3c2. Exposure at fertilization did not alter blastocyst formation rates compared to controls. To determine the impact of ZIKV exposure at implantation, hatched blastocysts were incubated with 3.26log10, 4.26log10, or 5.26log10 PFU, or not exposed to ZIKV, followed by extended embryo culture for 10 days. ZIKV exposure negatively impacted attachment, growth, and survival in comparison to controls, with exposure to 5.26log10 PFU ZIKV resulting in embryonic degeneration by day 2. Embryonic secretion of pregnancy hormones was lower in ZIKV-exposed embryos. Increasing levels of infectious virus were detected in the culture media post-exposure, suggesting that the trophectoderm is susceptible to productive ZIKV infection. These results demonstrate that ZIKV exposure severely impacts the zona-free blastocyst, whereas exposure at the time of fertilization does not hinder blastocyst formation. Overall, early stages of pregnancy may be profoundly sensitive to infection and pregnancy loss, and the negative impact of ZIKV infection on pregnancy outcomes may be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N Block
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew T Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michele L Schotzko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katherine D Mean
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gregory J Wiepz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA and.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jenna Kropp Schmidt
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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46
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Lee JK, Oh SJ, Park H, Shin OS. Recent Updates on Research Models and Tools to Study Virus-Host Interactions at the Placenta. Viruses 2019; 12:E5. [PMID: 31861492 PMCID: PMC7020004 DOI: 10.3390/v12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a unique mixed organ, composed of both maternal and fetal tissues, that is formed only during pregnancy and serves as the key physiological and immunological barrier preventing maternal-fetal transmission of pathogens. Several viruses can circumvent this physical barrier and enter the fetal compartment, resulting in miscarriage, preterm birth, and birth defects, including microcephaly. The mechanisms underlying viral strategies to evade the protective role of placenta are poorly understood. Here, we reviewed the role of trophoblasts and Hofbauer cells in the placenta and have highlighted characteristics of vertical and perinatal infections caused by a wide range of viruses. Moreover, we explored current progress and future opportunities in cellular targets, pathogenesis, and underlying biological mechanisms of congenital viral infections, as well as novel research models and tools to study the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308 Korea; (J.K.L.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308 Korea; (J.K.L.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Hosun Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308 Korea; (J.K.L.); (S.-J.O.)
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47
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Van Rompay KKA, Keesler RI, Ardeshir A, Watanabe J, Usachenko J, Singapuri A, Cruzen C, Bliss-Moreau E, Murphy AM, Yee JL, Webster H, Dennis M, Singh T, Heimsath H, Lemos D, Stuart J, Morabito KM, Foreman BM, Burgomaster KE, Noe AT, Dowd KA, Ball E, Woolard K, Presicce P, Kallapur SG, Permar SR, Foulds KE, Coffey LL, Pierson TC, Graham BS. DNA vaccination before conception protects Zika virus-exposed pregnant macaques against prolonged viremia and improves fetal outcomes. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaay2736. [PMID: 31852797 PMCID: PMC7093037 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of pregnant women is associated with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and no vaccine is available, although several are being tested in clinical trials. We tested the efficacy of ZIKV DNA vaccine VRC5283 in a rhesus macaque model of congenital ZIKV infection. Most animal vaccine experiments have a set pathogen exposure several weeks or months after vaccination. In the real world, people encounter pathogens years or decades after vaccination, or may be repeatedly exposed if the virus is endemic. To more accurately mimic how this vaccine would be used, we immunized macaques before conception and then exposed them repeatedly to ZIKV during early and mid-gestation. In comparison to unimmunized animals, vaccinated animals had a significant reduction in peak magnitude and duration of maternal viremia, early fetal loss, fetal infection, and placental and fetal brain pathology. Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers on the day of first ZIKV exposure were negatively associated with the magnitude of maternal viremia, and the absence of prolonged viremia was associated with better fetal outcomes. These data support further clinical development of ZIKV vaccine strategies to protect against negative fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rebekah I Keesler
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer Watanabe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jodie Usachenko
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anil Singapuri
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christina Cruzen
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ashley M Murphy
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - JoAnn L Yee
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Helen Webster
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maria Dennis
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tulika Singh
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Holly Heimsath
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Danilo Lemos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jackson Stuart
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Bryant M Foreman
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Amy T Noe
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erin Ball
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kevin Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pietro Presicce
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Lark L Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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48
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Hossain MG, Nazir KHMNH, Saha S, Rahman MT. Zika virus: A possible emerging threat for Bangladesh! J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:575-582. [PMID: 31819889 PMCID: PMC6882728 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus, a member of Flaviviridae is the etiology of Zika or Zika fever or Zika virus (ZIKV) disease characterized by mild symptoms similar to very mild form of Dengue or Chikungunya. The virus transmits through Aedes mosquitoes, particularly by Aedes aegypti. The most dangerous effect of ZIKV infection is the ability of the virus to cause microcephaly and congenital malformation to the newborn baby if the mother is infected. The neurological disorders including Guillain-Barré syndrome might be associated with adults and children due to ZIKV infections. Zika has emerged as a serious global public health problem as it has been found in 87 countries, particularly in Africa, America, and Asia and has no vaccine and treatment so far. Bangladesh is at a high risk of ZIKV infection and we consider ZIKV as a possible emerging threat for Bangladesh. This short review summarizes the insights of ZIKV infection, present status of the disease in Bangladesh and its neighboring countries, and recommendations for necessary preparations and strategies to be taken for effective controlling of the ZIKV infection in Bangladesh before getting any havoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golzar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.,Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - K H M Nazmul Hussain Nazir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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49
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High susceptibility, viral dynamics and persistence of South American Zika virus in New World monkey species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14495. [PMID: 31601848 PMCID: PMC6787206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
South American Zika virus (ZIKV) recently emerged as a novel human pathogen, linked with neurological disorders. However, comparative ZIKV infectivity studies in New World primates are lacking. Two members of the Callitrichidae family, common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and red-bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus), were highly susceptible to sub-cutaneous challenge with the Puerto Rico-origin ZIKVPRVABC59 strain. Both exhibited rapid, high, acute viraemia with early neuroinvasion (3 days) in peripheral and central nervous tissue. ZIKV RNA levels in blood and tissues were significantly higher in New World hosts compared to Old World species (Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis). Tamarins and rhesus macaques exhibited loss of zonal occludens-1 (ZO-1) staining, indicative of a compromised blood-brain barrier 3 days post-ZIKV exposure. Early, widespread dissemination across multiple anatomical sites distant to the inoculation site preceded extensive ZIKV persistence after 100 days in New and Old World lineages, especially lymphoid, neurological and reproductive sites. Prolonged persistence in brain tissue has implications for otherwise resolved human ZIKV infection. High susceptibility of distinct New World species underscores possible establishment of ZIKV sylvatic cycles in primates indigenous to ZIKV endemic regions. Tamarins and marmosets represent viable New World models for ZIKV pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention studies, including vaccines, with contemporary strains.
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50
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Jagger BW, Dowd KA, Chen RE, Desai P, Foreman B, Burgomaster KE, Himansu S, Kong WP, Graham BS, Pierson TC, Diamond MS. Protective Efficacy of Nucleic Acid Vaccines Against Transmission of Zika Virus During Pregnancy in Mice. J Infect Dis 2019; 220:1577-1588. [PMID: 31260518 PMCID: PMC6782106 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) caused an epidemic of congenital malformations in 2015-2016. Although many vaccine candidates have been generated, few have demonstrated efficacy against congenital ZIKV infection. Here, we evaluated lipid-encapsulated messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines and a DNA plasmid vaccine encoding the prM-E genes of ZIKV in mouse models of congenital infection. Although the DNA vaccine provided comparable efficacy against vertical transmission of ZIKV, the mRNA vaccines, including one that minimizes antibody-dependent enhancement of infection, elicited higher levels of antigen-specific long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. Despite the induction of robust neutralizing antibody titers by all vaccines, breakthrough seeding of the placenta and fetal head was observed in a small subset of type I interferon signaling-deficient immunocompromised dams. In comparison, evaluation of one of the mRNA vaccines in a human STAT2-knockin transgenic immunocompetent mouse showed complete protection against congenital ZIKV transmission. These data will inform ongoing human ZIKV vaccine development efforts and enhance our understanding of the correlates of vaccine-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett W Jagger
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bryant Foreman
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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