1
|
Coll M, Bellido JM, Pennino MG, Albo-Puigserver M, Báez JC, Christensen V, Corrales X, Fernández-Corredor E, Giménez J, Julià L, Lloret-Lloret E, Macias D, Ouled-Cheikh J, Ramírez F, Sbragaglia V, Steenbeek J. Retrospective analysis of the pelagic ecosystem of the Western Mediterranean Sea: Drivers, changes and effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167790. [PMID: 37871814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In the Western Mediterranean Sea, forage fishes have changed in abundance, body condition, growth, reproduction, and distribution in the last decades. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain these changes, including increase in fishing mortality; changes in environmental conditions affecting species fitness, and planktonic productivity and quality; recovery of top predators; and increase in competitors. We investigated the main drivers and changes of the pelagic ecosystem and their effects using an ecosystem-based modelling approach. Specifically, we (1) quantified the potential historical contribution of various drivers of change, (2) investigated changes in temporal trends and spatial distributions of main ecosystem components, and (3) identified ecological consequences of these changes in top predator and competitors, their fisheries and ecosystem traits during 2000-2020. We updated an established Ecopath food-web model representing the Spanish and French Mediterranean sub-areas (GSA06 and GSA07) in 2000 with recent available data. We applied the temporal dynamic Ecosim module, and tested historical time series of fishing effort, fishing mortality and environmental factors as potential drivers. Observed biomass and landings of key species were used to validate model projections. A spatial-temporal Ecospace model was developed to project species distribution changes. Results showed historical biomass and catch changes driven by a combination of high fishing pressure and environmental change (i.e. increase in temperature and salinity, and decline in primary productivity). Small pelagic fish showed significant temporal changes and predicted shifts in their distributions, following a latitudinal gradient. Predators and competitors showed changes as well, displaying heterogeneous spatial patterns, while fisheries landings declined. Overall, results matched observations (e.g., decline of sardine, fluctuations of anchovy and increases in bluefin tuna) and illustrated the need to complement traditional assessments with integrative frameworks to move towards an ecosystem-based approach in the Mediterranean. They also highlighted important knowledge gaps to guide future research in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Ecopath International Initiative (EII), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José María Bellido
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC, CO Baleares, CO Málaga, CO Murcia y CO Vigo), Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Pennino
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC, CO Baleares, CO Málaga, CO Murcia y CO Vigo), Spain
| | - Marta Albo-Puigserver
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC, CO Baleares, CO Málaga, CO Murcia y CO Vigo), Spain
| | - José Carlos Báez
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC, CO Baleares, CO Málaga, CO Murcia y CO Vigo), Spain.; Instituto Iberoamericano de Desarrollo Sostenible (IIDS), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Alemania 1090. Temuco 4810101, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Villy Christensen
- Ecopath International Initiative (EII), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xavier Corrales
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | | | - Joan Giménez
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Julià
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Diego Macias
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yulisti M, Hidayat AS, Firdausy CM, Mu'awanah U, Kurniasari N, Nurjati E. Effects of eco-friendly fishing gears on fishermen's welfare and sustainable fisheries: Lessons learned from Indonesia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115888. [PMID: 38101063 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The eco-friendly fishing gears (EFFGs) have been widely suggested as fishing gears for sustainable blue economy development. This study aims to examine the effects of the utilization of the EFFGs of blue swimming crab (BSC) on fishermen's welfare and sustainable fisheries by taking Indonesia as a case study. The number of fishermen randomly sampled was 647. The method used to analyze the data was the Endogenous Switching Regression model. The results showed that factors that have significant positive effects on fishermen's decision to adopt the EFFGs are the membership of fishermen in fisheries groups, credit access to financial sources, decision synchronization, financial capability, and fishers' perception of environmental uncertainty. Meanwhile, the complexity of fishing gears and buyer pressure have significant negative effects on fishermen's decisions to adopt EFFGs. The results also confirmed that the welfare of BSC's fishermen is better off and received positive benefits for the preservation and regeneration of resources by using the EFFGs compared to the non-EFFGs. Therefore, the application of the EFFGs for BSC fisheries supports the sustainable blue economy development goals and needs to be recommended for other coastal areas in developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maharani Yulisti
- Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economics, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
| | - Agus Syarip Hidayat
- Research Center for Industrial Economy, Trade, and Services, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.
| | - Carunia Mulya Firdausy
- Research Center for Industrial Economy, Trade, and Services, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia; Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Tarumanagara, Indonesia.
| | - Ummi Mu'awanah
- Research Center for Industrial Economy, Trade, and Services, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.
| | - Nendah Kurniasari
- Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economics, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
| | - Eka Nurjati
- Research Center for Behavioral Economics and Circular, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Papantoniou G, Zervoudaki S, Assimakopoulou G, Stoumboudi MT, Tsagarakis K. Ecosystem-level responses to multiple stressors using a time-dynamic food-web model: The case of a re-oligotrophicated coastal embayment (Saronikos Gulf, E Mediterranean). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:165882. [PMID: 37574071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors may combine in unexpected ways to alter the structure of ecological systems, however, our current ability to evaluate their ecological impact is limited due to the lack of information concerning historic trophic interactions and ecosystem dynamics. Saronikos Gulf is a heavily exploited embayment in the E Mediterranean that has undergone significant ecological alterations during the last 20 years including a shift from long-standing eutrophic to oligotrophic conditions in the mid-2000's. Here we used a historical Ecopath food-web model of Saronikos Gulf (1998-2000) and fitted the time-dynamic module Ecosim to biomass and catch time series for the period 2001-2020. We then projected the model forward in time from 2021 to 2050 under 8 scenarios to simulate ecosystem responses to the individual and combined effect of sea surface temperature increase, primary productivity shifts and fishing effort release. Incorporating trophic interactions, climate warming, fishing and primary production improved model fit, depicting that both fishing and the environment have historically influenced ecosystem dynamics. Retrospective simulations of the model captured historical biomass and catch trends of commercially important stocks and reproduced successfully the marked recovery of marine resources 10 years after re-oligotrophication. In future scenarios increasing temperature had a detrimental impact on most functional groups, increasing and decreasing productivity had a positive and negative effect on all respectively, while fishing reductions principally benefited top predators. Combined stressors produced synergistic or antagonistic effects depending on the direction and magnitude of change of each stressor in isolation while their overall impact seemed to be strongly mediated via food-web interactions. Such holistic approaches advance of our mechanistic understanding of ecosystems enabling us to develop more effective management strategies in the face of a rapidly changing marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papantoniou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece.
| | - Soultana Zervoudaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
| | - Georgia Assimakopoulou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
| | - Maria Th Stoumboudi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsagarakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stock A, Murray CC, Gregr EJ, Steenbeek J, Woodburn E, Micheli F, Christensen V, Chan KMA. Exploring multiple stressor effects with Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace: Research designs, modeling techniques, and future directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161719. [PMID: 36693571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the cumulative effects of multiple stressors is a research priority in environmental science. Ecological models are a key component of tackling this challenge because they can simulate interactions between the components of an ecosystem. Here, we ask, how has the popular modeling platform Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) been used to model human impacts related to climate change, land and sea use, pollution, and invasive species? We conducted a literature review encompassing 166 studies covering stressors other than fishing mostly in aquatic ecosystems. The most modeled stressors were physical climate change (60 studies), species introductions (22), habitat loss (21), and eutrophication (20), using a range of modeling techniques. Despite this comprehensive coverage, we identified four gaps that must be filled to harness the potential of EwE for studying multiple stressor effects. First, only 12% of studies investigated three or more stressors, with most studies focusing on single stressors. Furthermore, many studies modeled only one of many pathways through which each stressor is known to affect ecosystems. Second, various methods have been applied to define environmental response functions representing the effects of single stressors on species groups. These functions can have a large effect on the simulated ecological changes, but best practices for deriving them are yet to emerge. Third, human dimensions of environmental change - except for fisheries - were rarely considered. Fourth, only 3% of studies used statistical research designs that allow attribution of simulated ecosystem changes to stressors' direct effects and interactions, such as factorial (computational) experiments. None made full use of the statistical possibilities that arise when simulations can be repeated many times with controlled changes to the inputs. We argue that all four gaps are feasibly filled by integrating ecological modeling with advances in other subfields of environmental science and in computational statistics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Stock
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, AERL Building, 429-2202 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
| | - C C Murray
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, BC V8L 5T5, Canada
| | - E J Gregr
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, AERL Building, 429-2202 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada; SciTech Environmental Consulting, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Steenbeek
- Ecopath International Initiative (EII) Research Association, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Woodburn
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, AERL Building, 429-2202 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - F Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA; Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - V Christensen
- Ecopath International Initiative (EII) Research Association, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K M A Chan
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, AERL Building, 429-2202 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada; Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kebke A, Samarra F, Derous D. Climate change and cetacean health: impacts and future directions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210249. [PMID: 35574848 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change directly impacts the foraging opportunities of cetaceans (e.g. lower prey availability), leads to habitat loss, and forces cetaceans to move to other feeding grounds. The rise in ocean temperature, low prey availability and loss of habitat can have severe consequences for cetacean survival, particularly those species that are already threatened or those with a limited habitat range. In addition, it is predicted that the concentration of contaminants in aquatic environments will increase owing to Arctic meltwater and increased rainfall events leading to higher rates of land-based runoff in downstream coastal areas. These persistent and mobile contaminants can bioaccumulate in the ecosystem, and lead to ecotoxicity with potentially severe consequences on the reproductive organs, immune system and metabolism of marine mammals. There is a need to measure and assess the cumulative impact of multiple stressors, given that climate change, habitat alteration, low prey availability and contaminants do not act in isolation. Human-caused perturbations to cetacean foraging abilities are becoming a pervasive and prevalent threat to many cetacean species on top of climate change-associated stressors. We need to move to a greater understanding of how multiple stressors impact the metabolism of cetaceans and ultimately their population trajectory. This article is part of the theme issue 'Nurturing resilient marine ecosystems'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kebke
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Filipa Samarra
- University of Iceland's Institute of Research Centres, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland
| | - Davina Derous
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Szalaj D, Silva A, Ré P, Cabral H. Predictions of sardine and the Portuguese continental shelf ecosystem dynamics under future fishing, forced-biomass and SST scenarios. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113594. [PMID: 35398691 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We used the Ecopath with Ecosim ecosystem model to assess the future effects of multiple stressors on sardine and the Portuguese continental shelf ecosystem. We assessed individual and combined impacts of changes in sardine fishing pressure, biomass of sardine competitors and predators and sea surface temperature (SST). This study demonstrated that the greatest impact on sardine stock is caused by projected SST rise whose effect is dominant and detrimental to sardine stock regardless of other conditions, including sardine fishing at maximum sustainable yield (FMSY). The largest impact on ecosystem stability, maturity and diversity of flows was observed under the forced-biomass scenarios that simulate changes in biomass of sardine predators and competitors. Moreover, these stressors alongside FMSY are projected to play an important role in the future evolution of the sardine stock. Results presented in this study can assist long-term and strategic management of the Iberian sardine stock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Szalaj
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - A Silva
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P Ré
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Cabral
- INRAE, UR EABX, Centre Nouvelle-Aquitaine Bordeaux 50, Avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Heinichen M, McManus MC, Lucey SM, Aydin K, Humphries A, Innes-Gold A, Collie J. Incorporating temperature-dependent fish bioenergetics into a Narragansett Bay food web model. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
8
|
Using species distribution models only may underestimate climate change impacts on future marine biodiversity. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Townhill BL, Reppas-Chrysovitsinos E, Sühring R, Halsall CJ, Mengo E, Sanders T, Dähnke K, Crabeck O, Kaiser J, Birchenough SNR. Pollution in the Arctic Ocean: An overview of multiple pressures and implications for ecosystem services. AMBIO 2022; 51:471-483. [PMID: 34874530 PMCID: PMC8692579 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is undergoing unprecedented change. Observations and models demonstrate significant perturbations to the physical and biological systems. Arctic species and ecosystems, particularly in the marine environment, are subject to a wide range of pressures from human activities, including exposure to a complex mixture of pollutants, climate change and fishing activity. These pressures affect the ecosystem services that the Arctic provides. Current international policies are attempting to support sustainable exploitation of Arctic resources with a view to balancing human wellbeing and environmental protection. However, assessments of the potential combined impacts of human activities are limited by data, particularly related to pollutants, a limited understanding of physical and biological processes, and single policies that are limited to ecosystem-level actions. This manuscript considers how, when combined, a suite of existing tools can be used to assess the impacts of pollutants in combination with other anthropogenic pressures on Arctic ecosystems, and on the services that these ecosystems provide. Recommendations are made for the advancement of targeted Arctic research to inform environmental practices and regulatory decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryony L. Townhill
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT UK
| | | | - Roxana Sühring
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Crispin J. Halsall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Elena Mengo
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT UK
| | - Tina Sanders
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute for Carbon Cycles, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Kirsten Dähnke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute for Carbon Cycles, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Odile Crabeck
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Jan Kaiser
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Silvana N. R. Birchenough
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Link JS, Pranovi F, Libralato S. Simulations and interpretations of cumulative trophic theory. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
11
|
Steenbeek J, Buszowski J, Chagaris D, Christensen V, Coll M, Fulton EA, Katsanevakis S, Lewis KA, Mazaris AD, Macias D, de Mutsert K, Oldford G, Pennino MG, Piroddi C, Romagnoni G, Serpetti N, Shin YJ, Spence MA, Stelzenmüller V. Making spatial-temporal marine ecosystem modelling better - A perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE : WITH ENVIRONMENT DATA NEWS 2021; 145:105209. [PMID: 34733111 PMCID: PMC8543074 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine Ecosystem Models (MEMs) provide a deeper understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics. The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development has highlighted the need to deploy these complex mechanistic spatial-temporal models to engage policy makers and society into dialogues towards sustainably managed oceans. From our shared perspective, MEMs remain underutilized because they still lack formal validation, calibration, and uncertainty quantifications that undermines their credibility and uptake in policy arenas. We explore why these shortcomings exist and how to enable the global modelling community to increase MEMs' usefulness. We identify a clear gap between proposed solutions to assess model skills, uncertainty, and confidence and their actual systematic deployment. We attribute this gap to an underlying factor that the ecosystem modelling literature largely ignores: technical issues. We conclude by proposing a conceptual solution that is cost-effective, scalable and simple, because complex spatial-temporal marine ecosystem modelling is already complicated enough.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Villy Christensen
- Ecopath International Initiative, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Marta Coll
- Ecopath International Initiative, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Marine Science, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth A. Fulton
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Kristy A. Lewis
- University of Central Florida, National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, Department of Biology, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Antonios D. Mazaris
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diego Macias
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia, ICMAN-CSIC, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Kim de Mutsert
- The University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, MS, USA
| | - Greig Oldford
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | | | - Chiara Piroddi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romagnoni
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- COISPA Tecnologia e Ricerca, Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia Serpetti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yunne-Jai Shin
- MARBEC Université Montpellier, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael A. Spence
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lavender E, Fox CJ, Burrows MT. Modelling the impacts of climate change on thermal habitat suitability for shallow-water marine fish at a global scale. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258184. [PMID: 34606498 PMCID: PMC8489719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and predicting the response of marine communities to climate change at large spatial scales, and distilling this information for policymakers, are prerequisites for ecosystem-based management. Changes in thermal habitat suitability across species’ distributions are especially concerning because of their implications for abundance, affecting species’ conservation, trophic interactions and fisheries. However, most predictive studies of the effects of climate change have tended to be sub-global in scale and focused on shifts in species’ range edges or commercially exploited species. Here, we develop a widely applicable methodology based on climate response curves to predict global-scale changes in thermal habitat suitability. We apply the approach across the distributions of 2,293 shallow-water fish species under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 by 2050–2100. We find a clear pattern of predicted declines in thermal habitat suitability in the tropics versus general increases at higher latitudes. The Indo-Pacific, the Caribbean and western Africa emerge as the areas of most concern, where high species richness and the strongest declines in thermal habitat suitability coincide. This reflects a pattern of consistently narrow thermal ranges, with most species in these regions already exposed to temperatures above inferred thermal optima. In contrast, in temperate regions, such as northern Europe, where most species live below thermal optima and thermal ranges are wider, positive changes in thermal habitat suitability suggest that these areas are likely to emerge as the greatest beneficiaries of climate change, despite strong predicted temperature increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Lavender
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunstaffnage, Oban, Argyll, Scotland
- * E-mail:
| | - Clive J. Fox
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunstaffnage, Oban, Argyll, Scotland
| | - Michael T. Burrows
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunstaffnage, Oban, Argyll, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Davies BFR, Holmes L, Rees A, Attrill MJ, Cartwright AY, Sheehan EV. Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management works—How switching from mobile to static fishing gear improves populations of fished and non‐fished species inside a marine‐protected area. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bede F. R. Davies
- School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Luke Holmes
- School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Adam Rees
- School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Martin J. Attrill
- School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Amy Y. Cartwright
- School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Emma V. Sheehan
- School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Capitani L, de Araujo JN, Vieira EA, Angelini R, Longo GO. Ocean Warming Will Reduce Standing Biomass in a Tropical Western Atlantic Reef Ecosystem. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Evans R, Lea MA, Hindell MA. Predicting the distribution of foraging seabirds during a period of heightened environmental variability. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02343. [PMID: 33817895 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the links between the marine environment, prey occurrence, and predator distribution is the first step towards identifying areas of biological importance for marine spatial planning. Events such as marine heatwaves result in an anomalous change in the physical environment, which can lead to shifts in the structure, biomass, and distribution of lower trophic levels. As central-place foragers, seabirds are vulnerable to changes in their foraging grounds during the breeding season. We first quantified spatiotemporal variability in the occurrence and biomass of prey in response to an abrupt change in oceanography as a result of a marine heatwave event. Secondly, using multivariate techniques and machine learning, we investigated if differences in the foraging technique and prey of seabirds resulted in varying responses to changes in prey occurrence and the environment over a 2.5-yr period. We found that the main variables correlated with seabird distribution were also important in structuring the occurrence and biomass of prey; sea-surface temperature (SST), current speed, mixed-layer depth, and bathymetry. Both zooplankton biomass and the occurrence of fish schools exhibited negative relationships with temperature, and temperature was subsequently an important variable in determining seabird distribution. We were able to establish correlations between the distribution of prey and the spatiotemporal distribution of albatross, little penguins and common-diving petrels. We were unable to find a correlation between the distribution of prey and that of short-tailed shearwaters and fairy prions. For high-use coastal areas, the delineation of important foraging regions is essential to balance human use of an area with the needs of marine predators, particularly seabirds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhian Evans
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Mary-Anne Lea
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Mark A Hindell
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vilas D, Coll M, Pedersen T, Corrales X, Filbee‐Dexter K, Wernberg T. Future trajectories of change for an Arctic deep‐sea ecosystem connected to coastal kelp forests. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vilas
- Nature Coast Biological Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Cedar Key FL 32625 U.S.A
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 U.S.A
- Renewable Marine Resources Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC) P. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37‐49 Barcelona 08003 Spain
| | - Marta Coll
- Renewable Marine Resources Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC) P. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37‐49 Barcelona 08003 Spain
- Ecopath International Initiative (EII) Barcelona Spain
| | - Torstein Pedersen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology UiT–The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø 9037 Norway
| | - Xavier Corrales
- Renewable Marine Resources Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC) P. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37‐49 Barcelona 08003 Spain
- AZTI, Marine Research Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g Sukarrieta 48395 Spain
| | - Karen Filbee‐Dexter
- Marine Biology section Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) Gaustadalléen 21 Oslo 0349 Norway
- Benthic Communities Research Group Institute of Marine Research Nye Flødevigveien 20 His 4817 Norway
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- Marine Biology section Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) Gaustadalléen 21 Oslo 0349 Norway
- Department of Science and Environment (DSE) Roskilde University Roskilde Denmark
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Madzorera I, Jaacks L, Paarlberg R, Herforth A, Bromage S, Ghosh S, Myers SS, Masters WA, Fawzi WW. Food Systems as Drivers of Optimal Nutrition and Health: Complexities and Opportunities for Research and Implementation. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab062. [PMID: 34084996 PMCID: PMC8166275 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are intricately linked to food systems. Addressing challenges in food systems is key to meeting the SDGs in Africa and South Asia, where undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies persist, alongside increased nutrition transition, overweight and obesity, and related chronic diseases. Suboptimal diets are a key risk factor for mortality and 3 billion people cannot afford a healthy diet; in addition, food systems are not prioritizing environmental sustainability. Optimizing food systems and increasing agricultural productivity beyond calories, to nutrient-rich vegetables and fruits, legumes, and livestock, and sustainable fishing, are required. Strengthening of research around food systems-on pathways, value chains, and development and validation of metrics of diet quality-is required. The development of new technology in crop management and pest control and addressing natural resource degradation is key. Engaging with the public and private sectors, outreach to donors and policymakers, and strengthening cross-disciplinary collaborations are imperative to improving food systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Madzorera
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Paarlberg
- Harvard Kennedy School of Public Policy and Governance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Herforth
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabri Bromage
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shibani Ghosh
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Nutrition at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel S Myers
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William A Masters
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Nutrition at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ani CJ, Robson B. Responses of marine ecosystems to climate change impacts and their treatment in biogeochemical ecosystem models. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112223. [PMID: 33730556 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To predict the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and the effectiveness of intervention and mitigation strategies, we need reliable marine ecosystem response models such as biogeochemical models that reproduce climate change effects. We reviewed marine ecosystem parameters and processes that are modified by climate change and examined their representations in biogeochemical ecosystem models. The interactions among important aspects of marine ecosystem modelling are not often considered due to complexity: these include the use of multiple IPCC scenarios, ensemble modelling approach, independent calibration datasets, the consideration of changes in cloud cover, ocean currents, wind speed, sea-level rise, storm frequency, storm intensity, and the incorporation of species adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Including our recommendations in future marine modelling studies could help improve the accuracy and reliability of model predictions of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye J Ani
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, PMB3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Barbara Robson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, PMB3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Giralt Paradell O, Methion S, Rogan E, Díaz López B. Modelling ecosystem dynamics to assess the effect of coastal fisheries on cetacean species. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 285:112175. [PMID: 33607562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of fisheries and its increased efficiency are causing severe detrimental impacts on marine species and ecosystems, that can be categorised into operational and ecological effects. While impacts directly caused by fishing activities have been extensively documented, it is difficult to set an empirical link between fisheries and changes in predator biomass and abundance. Therefore, exploring the functioning of ecosystems as a whole, the interactions between the different species within them and the impact of human activities, is key to understanding the ecological effects of fisheries on top predators and ecosystems, and to develop effective conservation measures, while ensuring a more sustainable exploitation of fishing resources. For instance, mass balance models, such as Ecopath with Ecosim, have proven to be a useful tool to develop more holistic fisheries management and conservation strategies. In this study, Ecopath with Ecosim was used to investigate the temporal dynamics of the Rías Baixas shelf ecosystem (North-West Spain) between 2005 and 2017. Additionally, nine 30-year forward projecting simulations covering the period 2018-2047 were developed to examine the effects of differing fisheries management strategies on common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). Results from these models suggest that when intense fishing increases it poses a major threat to the conservation of these top predators in the area, by reducing the variety of their available prey and potentially enhancing competition amongst them. The study highlights the applicability of Ecopath with Ecosim to develop cetacean conservation measures and despite its small spatial scale, it provides a general framework that can be used to assess cetacean conservation in larger and impacted areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Giralt Paradell
- The Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute - BDRI. Av Beiramar 192, 36980, O Grove, Pontevedra, Spain; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork. Address: Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland.
| | - Séverine Methion
- The Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute - BDRI. Av Beiramar 192, 36980, O Grove, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Emer Rogan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork. Address: Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland.
| | - Bruno Díaz López
- The Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute - BDRI. Av Beiramar 192, 36980, O Grove, Pontevedra, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gissi E, Manea E, Mazaris AD, Fraschetti S, Almpanidou V, Bevilacqua S, Coll M, Guarnieri G, Lloret-Lloret E, Pascual M, Petza D, Rilov G, Schonwald M, Stelzenmüller V, Katsanevakis S. A review of the combined effects of climate change and other local human stressors on the marine environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142564. [PMID: 33035971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change (CC) is a key, global driver of change of marine ecosystems. At local and regional scales, other local human stressors (LS) can interact with CC and modify its effects on marine ecosystems. Understanding the response of the marine environment to the combined effects of CC and LS is crucial to inform marine ecosystem-based management and planning, yet our knowledge of the potential effects of such interactions is fragmented. At a global scale, we explored how cumulative effect assessments (CEAs) have addressed CC in the marine realm and discuss progress and shortcomings of current approaches. For this we conducted a systematic review on how CEAs investigated at different levels of biological organization ecological responses, functional aspects, and the combined effect of CC and HS. Globally, the effects of 52 LS and of 27 CC-related stressors on the marine environment have been studied in combination, such as industrial fisheries with change in temperature, or sea level rise with artisanal fisheries, marine litter, change in sediment load and introduced alien species. CC generally intensified the effects of LS at species level. At trophic groups and ecosystem levels, the effects of CC either intensified or mitigated the effects of other HS depending on the trophic groups or the environmental conditions involved, thus suggesting that the combined effects of CC and LS are context-dependent and vary among and within ecosystems. Our results highlight that large-scale assessments on the spatial interaction and combined effects of CC and LS remain limited. More importantly, our results strengthen the urgent need of CEAs to capture local-scale effects of stressors that can exacerbate climate-induced changes. Ultimately, this will allow identifying management measures that aid counteracting CC effects at relevant scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gissi
- IUAV University of Venice, Tolentini 191, Santa Croce, 30135 Venice, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Manea
- IUAV University of Venice, Tolentini 191, Santa Croce, 30135 Venice, Italy
| | - Antonios D Mazaris
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy; Consorzio Universitario per le Scienze del Mare, P.le Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Almpanidou
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stanislao Bevilacqua
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Consorzio Universitario per le Scienze del Mare, P.le Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Science, ICM-CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, no 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Ecopath International Initiative, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Guarnieri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Universitario per le Scienze del Mare, P.le Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Lloret-Lloret
- Institute of Marine Science, ICM-CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, no 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Ecopath International Initiative, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pascual
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Edificio Sede N°1 Planta 1/Parque Científico UPV-EHU, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Dimitra Petza
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100 Mytilene, Greece; Directorate for Fisheries Policy & Fishery Resources Utilisation, Directorate General for Fisheries, Ministry of Rural Development & Food, 150 Syggrou Avenue, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Gil Rilov
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Maura Schonwald
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | | | - Stelios Katsanevakis
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Horn S, Coll M, Asmus H, Dolch T. Food web models reveal potential ecosystem effects of seagrass recovery in the northern Wadden Sea. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Horn
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐ und Meeresforschung Wadden Sea Station Sylt Hafenstraße 43, 25995, List Germany
| | - Marta Coll
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC) Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37‐49, 08003 Barcelona Spain
- Ecopath International Initiative (EII) Research Association Barcelona Spain
| | - Harald Asmus
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐ und Meeresforschung Wadden Sea Station Sylt Hafenstraße 43, 25995, List Germany
| | - Tobias Dolch
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐ und Meeresforschung Wadden Sea Station Sylt Hafenstraße 43, 25995, List Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chapman EJ, Byron CJ, Lasley-Rasher R, Lipsky C, Stevens JR, Peters R. Effects of climate change on coastal ecosystem food webs: Implications for aquaculture. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105103. [PMID: 33059212 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems provide important ecosystem services for millions of people. Climate change is modifying coastal ecosystem food web structure and function and threatens these essential ecosystem services. We used a combination of two new and one existing ecosystem food web models and altered scenarios that are possible with climate change to quantify the impacts of climate change on ecosystem stability in three coastal bays in Maine, United States. We also examined the impact of climate change on bivalve fisheries and aquaculture. Our modeled scenarios explicitly considered the predicted effects of future climatic change and human intervention and included: 1) the influence of increased terrestrial dissolved organic carbon loading on phytoplankton biomass; 2) benthic community change driven by synergisms between climate change, historical overfishing, and increased species invasion; and 3) altered trophic level energy transfer driven by ocean warming and acidification. The effects of climate change strongly negatively influenced ecosystem energy flow and ecosystem stability and negatively affected modeled bivalve carrying capacity in each of our models along the Maine coast of the eastern United States. Our results suggest that the interconnected nature of ecosystem food webs make them extremely vulnerable to synergistic effects of climate change. To better inform fisheries and aquaculture management, the effects of climate change must be explicitly incorporated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Chapman
- School of Marine Programs, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.
| | - Carrie J Byron
- School of Marine Programs, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Rachel Lasley-Rasher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Christine Lipsky
- Water Resources Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Peters
- Department of Marine Resources, State of Maine, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine, 05475, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cashion T, Nguyen T, ten Brink T, Mook A, Palacios-Abrantes J, Roberts SM. Shifting seas, shifting boundaries: Dynamic marine protected area designs for a changing climate. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241771. [PMID: 33170879 PMCID: PMC7654810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are valuable tools for marine conservation that aim to limit human impacts on marine systems and protect valuable species or habitats. However, as species distributions shift due to ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen depletion from climate change, the areas originally designated under MPAs may bear little resemblance to their past state. Different approaches have been suggested for coping with species on the move in conservation. Here, we test the effectiveness of different MPA designs, including dynamic, network, and different directional orientations on protecting shifting species under climate change through ecosystem modeling in a theoretical ecosystem. Our findings suggest that dynamic MPAs may benefit some species (e.g., whiting and anchovy) and fishing fleets, and these benefits can inform the design or adaptation of MPAs worldwide. In addition, we find that it is important to design MPAs with specific goals and to account for the effects of released fishing pressure and species interactions in MPA design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Cashion
- Fisheries Economics Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tu Nguyen
- Department of Applied Economics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Talya ten Brink
- Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Gloucester, MA, United States of America
| | - Anne Mook
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Nazarbayev University, Nur Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Juliano Palacios-Abrantes
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sarah M. Roberts
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abhinav KA, Collu M, Benjamins S, Cai H, Hughes A, Jiang B, Jude S, Leithead W, Lin C, Liu H, Recalde-Camacho L, Serpetti N, Sun K, Wilson B, Yue H, Zhou BZ. Offshore multi-purpose platforms for a Blue Growth: A technological, environmental and socio-economic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:138256. [PMID: 32470664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
"Blue Growth" and "Blue Economy" is defined by the World Bank as: "the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods and jobs, while preserving the health of ocean ecosystem". Multi-purpose platforms (MPPs) can be defined as offshore platforms serving the needs of multiple offshore industries (energy and aquaculture), aim at exploiting the synergies and managing the tensions arising when closely co-locating systems from these industries. Despite a number of previous projects aimed at assessing, from a multidisciplinary point of view, the feasibility of multipurpose platforms, it is here shown that the state-of-the-art has focused mainly on single-purpose devices, and adopting a single discipline (either economic, or social, or technological, or environmental) approach. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to provide a multidisciplinary state of the art review on, whenever possible, multi-purpose platforms, complementing it with single-purpose and/or single discipline literature reviews when not possible. Synoptic tables are provided, giving an overview of the multi-purpose platform concepts investigated, the numerical approaches adopted, and a comprehensive snapshot classifying the references discussed by industry (offshore renewables, aquaculture, both) and by aspect (technological, environmental, socio-economic). The majority of the multi-purpose platform concepts proposed are integrating only multiple offshore renewable energy devices (e.g. hybrid wind-wave), with only few integrating also aquaculture systems. MPPs have significant potential in economizing CAPEX and operational costs for the offshore energy and aquaculture industry by means of concerted spatial planning and sharing of infrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Abhinav
- Naval Architecture, Ocean & Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maurizio Collu
- Naval Architecture, Ocean & Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Steven Benjamins
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Huiwen Cai
- Zhejiang Ocean University, Changzhi Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Adam Hughes
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Bo Jiang
- National Ocean Technology Center, No. 219, West Jieyuan Road, Tianjin, China
| | | | - William Leithead
- Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Cui Lin
- National Ocean Technology Center, No. 219, West Jieyuan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongda Liu
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | | | - Natalia Serpetti
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Ke Sun
- College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ben Wilson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Hong Yue
- Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bin-Zhen Zhou
- College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Burrows MT, Hawkins SJ, Moore JJ, Adams L, Sugden H, Firth L, Mieszkowska N. Global-scale species distributions predict temperature-related changes in species composition of rocky shore communities in Britain. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2093-2105. [PMID: 31859400 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in rocky shore community composition as responses to climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic warming can be shown by changes in average species thermal affinities. In this study, we derived thermal affinities for European Atlantic rocky intertidal species by matching their known distributions to patterns in average annual sea surface temperature. Average thermal affinities (the Community Temperature Index, CTI) tracked patterns in sea surface temperature from Portugal to Norway, but CTI for communities of macroalgae and plant species changed less than those composed of animal species. This reduced response was in line with the expectation that communities with a smaller range of thermal affinities among species would change less in composition along thermal gradients and over time. Local-scale patterns in CTI over wave exposure gradients suggested that canopy macroalgae allow species with ranges centred in cooler than local temperatures ('cold-affinity') to persist in otherwise too-warm conditions. In annual surveys of rocky shores, communities of animal species in Shetland showed a shift in dominance towards warm-affinity species ('thermophilization') with local warming from 1980 to 2018 but the community of plant and macroalgal species did not. From 2002 to 2018, communities in southwest Britain showed the reverse trend in CTI: declining average thermal affinities over a period of modest temperature decline. Despite the cooling, trends in species abundance were in line with the general mechanism of direction and magnitude of long-term trends depending on the difference between species thermal affinities and local temperatures. Cold-affinity species increased during cooling and warm-affinity ones decreased. The consistency of responses across different communities and with general expectations based on species thermal characteristics suggests strong predictive accuracy of responses of community composition to anthropogenic warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J Hawkins
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, UK
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - J Jon Moore
- Aquatic Survey and Monitoring Ltd., Cosheston, UK
| | - Leoni Adams
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, UK
| | - Heather Sugden
- The Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Cullercoats, UK
| | - Louise Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Nova Mieszkowska
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xing L, Chen Y, Zhang C, Li B, Tanaka KR, Boenish R, Ren Y. Evaluating impacts of imprecise parameters on the performance of an ecosystem model OSMOSE-JZB. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
27
|
Pereira P. Ecosystem services in a changing environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:135008. [PMID: 31733548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Center, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Albouy C, Delattre V, Donati G, Frölicher TL, Albouy-Boyer S, Rufino M, Pellissier L, Mouillot D, Leprieur F. Global vulnerability of marine mammals to global warming. Sci Rep 2020; 10:548. [PMID: 31953496 PMCID: PMC6969058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extinctions due to climate change are still uncommon, they might surpass those caused by habitat loss or overexploitation over the next few decades. Among marine megafauna, mammals fulfill key and irreplaceable ecological roles in the ocean, and the collapse of their populations may therefore have irreversible consequences for ecosystem functioning and services. Using a trait-based approach, we assessed the vulnerability of all marine mammals to global warming under high and low greenhouse gas emission scenarios for the middle and the end of the 21st century. We showed that the North Pacific Ocean, the Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea host the species that are most vulnerable to global warming. Future conservation plans should therefore focus on these regions, where there are long histories of overexploitation and there are high levels of current threats to marine mammals. Among the most vulnerable marine mammals were several threatened species, such as the North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica) and the dugong (Dugong dugon), that displayed unique combinations of functional traits. Beyond species loss, we showed that the potential extinctions of the marine mammals that were most vulnerable to global warming might induce a disproportionate loss of functional diversity, which may have profound impacts on the future functioning of marine ecosystems worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Albouy
- IFREMER, unité Ecologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes, cedex 3, France.
| | | | - Giulia Donati
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas L Frölicher
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Marta Rufino
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,CCMAR, The Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Leprieur
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Essekhyr H, Khalil K, Damsiri Z, Derhy G, Elkalay K. Trophic interactions in the coastal ecosystem of Morocco: An Ecopath approach. COMMUNITY ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/168.2019.20.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Essekhyr
- Laboratory of Applied Sciences for the Environment and Sustainable Development, School of Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Essaouira Al Jadida, Route d'Agadir, BP 383, Essaouira, Morocco
| | - K. Khalil
- Laboratory of Applied Sciences for the Environment and Sustainable Development, School of Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Essaouira Al Jadida, Route d'Agadir, BP 383, Essaouira, Morocco
| | - Z. Damsiri
- Laboratory of Applied Sciences for the Environment and Sustainable Development, School of Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Essaouira Al Jadida, Route d'Agadir, BP 383, Essaouira, Morocco
| | - G. Derhy
- Laboratory of Applied Sciences for the Environment and Sustainable Development, School of Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Essaouira Al Jadida, Route d'Agadir, BP 383, Essaouira, Morocco
| | - K. Elkalay
- Laboratory of Applied Sciences for the Environment and Sustainable Development, School of Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Essaouira Al Jadida, Route d'Agadir, BP 383, Essaouira, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Thompson LA, Romano TA. Effects of health status on pressure-induced changes in phocid immune function and implications for dive ability. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 189:637-657. [PMID: 31346696 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of marine mammals to cope with environmental challenges is a key determining factor in strandings and successful release of rehabilitated animals. Dive behavior is related to foraging and thus survival. While dive adaptations have been well studied, it is unknown how the immune system responds to diving and whether health status impacts immune function during diving. This study investigated the functional response of ex situ immune cells from stranded phocids to in vitro increased pressure, over the course of rehabilitation. Blood samples were drawn from stranded harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) and harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) at the time of admit to the Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT and again after rehabilitation (pre-release). Phagocytosis, lymphocyte proliferation and immune cell activation were measured in vitro, with and without exposure to 2000 psi (simulated dive depth of 1360 m). Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine, and serum cortisol were measured in vivo. All hormone values decreased between admit and release conditions. Under admit or release conditions, pressure exposures resulted in significant changes in granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis, granulocyte expression of CD11b and lymphocyte expression of the IL2 receptor (IL2R). Overall, pressure exposures resulted in decreased phagocytosis for admit conditions, but increased phagocytosis in release samples. Expression of leukocyte activation markers, CD11b and IL2R, increased and the response did not differ between admit and release samples. Specific hematological and serum chemistry values also changed significantly between admit and release and were significantly correlated with pressure-induced changes in immune function. Results suggest (1) dive duration affects the response of immune cells, (2) different white blood cell types respond differently to pressure and (3) response varies with animal health. This is the first study describing the relationship between diving, immune function and health status in phocids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Thompson
- Mystic Aquarium a Division of Sea Research Foundation, 55 Coogan Blvd, Mystic, CT, 06355, USA.
| | - T A Romano
- Mystic Aquarium a Division of Sea Research Foundation, 55 Coogan Blvd, Mystic, CT, 06355, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Corrales X, Coll M, Ofir E, Heymans JJ, Steenbeek J, Goren M, Edelist D, Gal G. Future scenarios of marine resources and ecosystem conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean under the impacts of fishing, alien species and sea warming. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14284. [PMID: 30250047 PMCID: PMC6155163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a temporal-dynamic calibrated Ecosim food web model, we assess the effects of future changes on marine resources and ecosystem conditions of the Israeli Mediterranean continental shelf. This region has been intensely invaded by Indo-Pacific species. The region is exposed to extreme environmental conditions, is subjected to high rates of climate change and has experienced intense fishing pressure. We test the impacts of a new set of fishing regulations currently being implemented, a continued increase in sea temperatures following IPCC projections, and a continued increase in alien species biomass. We first investigate the impacts of the stressors separately, and then we combine them to evaluate their cumulative effects. Our results show overall potential future benefits of fishing effort reductions, and detrimental impacts of increasing sea temperature and increasing biomass of alien species. Cumulative scenarios suggest that the beneficial effects of fisheries reduction may be dampened by the impact of increasing sea temperature and alien species when acting together. These results illustrate the importance of including stressors other than fisheries, such as climate change and biological invasions, in an ecosystem-based management approach. These results support the need for reducing local and regional stressors, such as fishing and biological invasions, in order to promote resilience to sea warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Corrales
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, PO Box 447, Migdal, Israel. .,Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, n° 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Coll
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, n° 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Ecopath International Initiative Research Association, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ofir
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, PO Box 447, Migdal, Israel
| | - J J Heymans
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA, 371QA, Scotland.,European Marine Board, Wandelaarkaai 7, Oostende, 8400, Belgium
| | - J Steenbeek
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, n° 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Ecopath International Initiative Research Association, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Goren
- Department of Zoology and The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - D Edelist
- Leon Recanati Institute for Marine Studies, Charney School for Marine Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Mont Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - G Gal
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, PO Box 447, Migdal, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Investigating the potential impacts of ocean warming on the Norwegian and Barents Seas ecosystem using a time-dynamic food-web model. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|