1
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Heni M. The insulin resistant brain: impact on whole-body metabolism and body fat distribution. Diabetologia 2024; 67:1181-1191. [PMID: 38363340 PMCID: PMC11153284 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Insulin exerts its actions not only on peripheral organs but is also transported into the brain where it performs distinct functions in various brain regions. This review highlights recent advancements in our understanding of insulin's actions within the brain, with a specific emphasis on investigations in humans. It summarises current knowledge on the transport of insulin into the brain. Subsequently, it showcases robust evidence demonstrating the existence and physiological consequences of brain insulin action, while also introducing the presence of brain insulin resistance in humans. This pathophysiological condition goes along with an impaired acute modulation of peripheral metabolism in response to brain insulin action, particularly in the postprandial state. Furthermore, brain insulin resistance has been associated with long-term adiposity and an unfavourable adipose tissue distribution, thus implicating it in the pathogenesis of subgroups of obesity and (pre)diabetes that are characterised by distinct patterns of body fat distribution. Encouragingly, emerging evidence suggests that brain insulin resistance could represent a treatable entity, thereby opening up novel therapeutic avenues to improve systemic metabolism and enhance brain functions, including cognition. The review closes with an outlook towards prospective research directions aimed at further elucidating the clinical implications of brain insulin resistance. It emphasises the critical need to establish feasible diagnostic measures and effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heni
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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2
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Sotelo-Hitschfeld T, Minère M, Klemm P, Borgmann D, Wnuk-Lipinski D, Jais A, Jia X, Corneliussen S, Kloppenburg P, Fenselau H, Brüning JC. GABAergic disinhibition from the BNST to PNOC ARC neurons promotes HFD-induced hyperphagia. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114343. [PMID: 38865247 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of prepronociceptin (PNOC)-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) promotes high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced hyperphagia. In turn, PNOCARC neurons can inhibit the anorexic response of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Here, we validate the necessity of PNOCARC activity for HFD-induced inhibition of POMC neurons in mice and find that PNOCARC-neuron-dependent inhibition of POMC neurons is mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release. When monitoring individual PNOCARC neuron activity via Ca2+ imaging, we find a subpopulation of PNOCARC neurons that is inhibited upon gastrointestinal calorie sensing and disinhibited upon HFD feeding. Combining retrograde rabies tracing and circuit mapping, we find that PNOC neurons from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (PNOCBNST) provide inhibitory input to PNOCARC neurons, and this inhibitory input is blunted upon HFD feeding. This work sheds light on how an increase in caloric content of the diet can rewire a neuronal circuit, paving the way to overconsumption and obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sotelo-Hitschfeld
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marielle Minère
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul Klemm
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Diba Borgmann
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daria Wnuk-Lipinski
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xianglian Jia
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Svenja Corneliussen
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Jens Claus Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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3
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Zacharjasz J, Sztachera M, Smuszkiewicz M, Piwecka M. Micromanaging the neuroendocrine system - A review on miR-7 and the other physiologically relevant miRNAs in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38858179 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary axis is central to the functioning of the neuroendocrine system and essential for regulating physiological and behavioral homeostasis and coordinating fundamental body functions. The expanding line of evidence shows the indispensable role of the microRNA pathway in regulating the gene expression profile in the developing and adult hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Experiments provoking a depletion of miRNA maturation in the context of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis brought into focus a prominent involvement of miRNAs in neuroendocrine functions. There are also a few individual miRNAs and miRNA families that have been studied in depth revealing their crucial role in mediating the regulation of fundamental processes such as temporal precision of puberty timing, hormone production, fertility and reproduction capacity, and energy balance. Among these miRNAs, miR-7 was shown to be hypothalamus-enriched and the top one highly expressed in the pituitary gland, where it has a profound impact on gene expression regulation. Here, we review miRNA profiles, knockout phenotypes, and miRNA interaction (targets) in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis that advance our understanding of the roles of miRNAs in mammalian neurosecretion and related physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Zacharjasz
- Department of Non-coding RNAs, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Sztachera
- Department of Non-coding RNAs, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Smuszkiewicz
- Department of Non-coding RNAs, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Piwecka
- Department of Non-coding RNAs, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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4
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Ahmadlou M, Giannouli M, van Vierbergen JFM, van Leeuwen T, Bloem W, Houba JHW, Shirazi MY, Cazemier JL, Haak R, Dubey M, de Winter F, Heimel JA. Cell-type-specific hypothalamic pathways to brainstem drive context-dependent strategies in response to stressors. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2448-2459.e4. [PMID: 38754425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive behavioral responses to stressors are critical for survival. However, which brain areas orchestrate switching the appropriate stress responses to distinct contexts is an open question. This study aimed to identify the cell-type-specific brain circuitry governing the selection of distinct behavioral strategies in response to stressors. Through novel mouse behavior paradigms, we observed distinct stressor-evoked behaviors in two psycho-spatially distinct contexts characterized by stressors inside or outside the safe zone. The identification of brain regions activated in both conditions revealed the involvement of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). Further investigation using optogenetics, chemogenetics, and photometry revealed that glutamatergic projections from the DMH to periaqueductal gray (PAG) mediated responses to inside stressors, while GABAergic projections, particularly from tachykinin1-expressing neurons, played a crucial role in coping with outside stressors. These findings elucidate the role of cell-type-specific circuitry from the DMH to the PAG in shaping behavioral strategies in response to stressors. These findings have the potential to advance our understanding of fundamental neurobiological processes and inform the development of novel approaches for managing context-dependent and anxiety-associated pathological conditions such as agoraphobia and claustrophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ahmadlou
- Circuits, Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, W1T4AJ London, UK.
| | - Maria Giannouli
- Circuits, Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline F M van Vierbergen
- Circuits, Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Leeuwen
- Circuits, Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Bloem
- Circuits, Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janou H W Houba
- Circuits, Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Yasamin Shirazi
- Circuits, Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Leonie Cazemier
- Circuits, Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Haak
- Circuits, Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohit Dubey
- Department of Axonal Signaling, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fred de Winter
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Alexander Heimel
- Circuits, Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Liu D, Wang T, Zhao X, Chen J, Yang T, Shen Y, Zhou YD. Saturated fatty acids stimulate cytokine production in tanycytes via the PP2Ac-dependent signaling pathway. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:985-999. [PMID: 38069840 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231219115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamic tanycytes are crucial for free fatty acids (FFAs) detection, storage, and transport within the central nervous system. They have been shown to effectively respond to fluctuations in circulating FFAs, thereby regulating energy homeostasis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which tanycytes modulate lipid utilization remain unclear. Here, we report that the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2Ac), a serine/threonine phosphatase, is expressed in tanycytes and its accumulation and activation occur in response to high-fat diet consumption. In vitro, tanycytic PP2Ac responds to palmitic acid (PA) exposure and accumulates and is activated at an early stage in an AMPK-dependent manner. Furthermore, activated PP2Ac boosts hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) accumulation, resulting in upregulation of an array of cytokines. Pretreatment with a PP2Ac inhibitor, LB100, prevented the PA-induced elevation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV or CD26). Our results disclose a mechanism of lipid metabolism in tanycytes that involves the activation of PP2Ac and highlight the physiological significance of PP2Ac in hypothalamic tanycytes in response to overnutrition and efficacious treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingqi Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Tianqi Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
- Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Leal H, Carvalhas-Almeida C, Álvaro AR, Cavadas C. Modeling hypothalamic pathophysiology in vitro for metabolic, circadian, and sleep disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:505-517. [PMID: 38307813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamus, a small and intricate brain structure, orchestrates numerous neuroendocrine functions through specialized neurons and nuclei. Disruption of this complex circuitry can result in various diseases, including metabolic, circadian, and sleep disorders. Advances in in vitro models and their integration with new technologies have significantly benefited research on hypothalamic function and pathophysiology. We explore existing in vitro hypothalamic models and address their challenges and limitations as well as translational findings. We also highlight how collaborative efforts among multidisciplinary teams are essential to develop relevant and translational experimental models capable of replicating intricate neural circuits and neuroendocrine pathways, thereby advancing our understanding of therapeutic targets and drug discovery in hypothalamus-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Carvalhas-Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Álvaro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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7
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Kühnen P, Argente J, Clément K, Dollfus H, Dubern B, Farooqi S, de Groot C, Grüters A, Holm JC, Hopkins M, Kleinendorst L, Körner A, Meeker D, Rydén M, von Schnurbein J, Tschöp M, Yeo GSH, Zorn S, Wabitsch M. IMPROVE 2022 International Meeting on Pathway-Related Obesity: Vision of Excellence. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12659. [PMID: 38602039 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Nearly 90 clinicians and researchers from around the world attended the first IMPROVE 2022 International Meeting on Pathway-Related Obesity. Delegates attended in person or online from across Europe, Argentina and Israel to hear the latest scientific and clinical developments in hyperphagia and severe, early-onset obesity, and set out a vision of excellence for the future for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) pathway-related obesity. The meeting co-chair Peter Kühnen, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, indicated that change was needed with the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity and the associated complications to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and acknowledge that monogenic forms of obesity can play an important role, providing insights that can be applied to a wider group of patients with obesity. World-leading experts presented the latest research and led discussions on the underlying science of obesity, diagnosis (including clinical and genetic approaches such as the role of defective MC4R signalling), and emerging clinical data and research with targeted pharmacological approaches. The aim of the meeting was to agree on the questions that needed to be addressed in future research and to ensure that optimised diagnostic work-up was used with new genetic testing tools becoming available. This should aid the planning of new evidence-based treatment strategies for the future, as explained by co-chair Martin Wabitsch, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kühnen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesús Argente
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karine Clément
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- CARGO and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sadaf Farooqi
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Corjan de Groot
- Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Grüters
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lotte Kleinendorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Meeker
- Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine H7, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefanie Zorn
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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8
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Liskiewicz A, Müller TD. Regulation of energy metabolism through central GIPR signaling. Peptides 2024; 176:171198. [PMID: 38527521 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, significant progress has been made to pharmacologically combat the obesity pandemic, particularly with regard to biochemically tailored drugs that simultaneously target the receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). But while the pharmacological benefits of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism are widely acknowledged, the role of the GIP system in regulating systems metabolism remains controversial. When given in adjunct to GLP-1R agonism, both agonism and antagonism of the GIP receptor (GIPR) improves metabolic outcome in preclinical and clinical studies, and despite persistent concerns about its potential obesogenic nature, there is accumulating evidence indicating that GIP has beneficial metabolic effects via central GIPR agonism. Nonetheless, despite growing recognition of the GIP system as a valuable pharmacological target, there remains great uncertainty as to where and how GIP acts in the brain to regulate metabolism, and how GIPR agonism may differ from GIPR antagonism in control of energy metabolism. In this review we highlight current knowledge on the central action of GIP, and discuss open questions related to its multifaceted biology in the brain and the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Liskiewicz
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
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9
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Menezes F, Wasinski F, de Souza GO, Nunes AP, Bernardes ES, dos Santos SN, da Silva FFA, Peroni CN, Oliveira JE, Kopchick JJ, Brown RSE, Fernandez G, De Francesco PN, Perelló M, Soares CRJ, Donato J. The Pattern of GH Action in the Mouse Brain. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae057. [PMID: 38728240 PMCID: PMC11137758 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
GH acts in numerous organs expressing the GH receptor (GHR), including the brain. However, the mechanisms behind the brain's permeability to GH and how this hormone accesses different brain regions remain unclear. It is well-known that an acute GH administration induces phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5) in the mouse brain. Thus, the pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactive cells was analyzed at different time points after IP or intracerebroventricular GH injections. After a systemic GH injection, the first cells expressing pSTAT5 were those near circumventricular organs, such as arcuate nucleus neurons adjacent to the median eminence. Both systemic and central GH injections induced a medial-to-lateral pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactivity over time because GH-responsive cells were initially observed in periventricular areas and were progressively detected in lateral brain structures. Very few choroid plexus cells exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. Additionally, Ghr mRNA was poorly expressed in the mouse choroid plexus. In contrast, some tanycytes lining the floor of the third ventricle expressed Ghr mRNA and exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. The transport of radiolabeled GH into the hypothalamus did not differ between wild-type and dwarf Ghr knockout mice, indicating that GH transport into the mouse brain is GHR independent. Also, single-photon emission computed tomography confirmed that radiolabeled GH rapidly reaches the ventral part of the tuberal hypothalamus. In conclusion, our study provides novel and valuable information about the pattern and mechanisms behind GH transport into the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Menezes
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Gabriel O de Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda P Nunes
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Bernardes
- Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sofia N dos Santos
- Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio F A da Silva
- Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cibele N Peroni
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - João E Oliveira
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Rosemary S E Brown
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA 1900, Argentina
| | - Mario Perelló
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA 1900, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala 75312, Sweden
| | - Carlos R J Soares
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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10
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Cornejo MP, Fernandez G, Cabral A, Barrile F, Heredia F, García Romero G, Zubimendi Sampieri JP, Quelas JI, Cantel S, Fehrentz JA, Alonso A, Pla R, Ferran JL, Andreoli MF, De Francesco PN, Perelló M. GHSR in a Subset of GABA Neurons Controls Food Deprivation-Induced Hyperphagia in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae061. [PMID: 38815068 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), primarily known as the receptor for the hunger hormone ghrelin, potently controls food intake, yet the specific Ghsr-expressing cells mediating the orexigenic effects of this receptor remain incompletely characterized. Since Ghsr is expressed in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing neurons, we sought to investigate whether the selective expression of Ghsr in a subset of GABA neurons is sufficient to mediate GHSR's effects on feeding. First, we crossed mice that express a tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase in the subset of GABA neurons that express glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 (Gad2) enzyme (Gad2-CreER mice) with reporter mice, and found that ghrelin mainly targets a subset of Gad2-expressing neurons located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH) and that is predominantly segregated from Agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons. Analysis of various single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets further corroborated that the primary subset of cells coexpressing Gad2 and Ghsr in the mouse brain are non-AgRP ARH neurons. Next, we crossed Gad2-CreER mice with reactivable GHSR-deficient mice to generate mice expressing Ghsr only in Gad2-expressing neurons (Gad2-GHSR mice). We found that ghrelin treatment induced the expression of the marker of transcriptional activation c-Fos in the ARH of Gad2-GHSR mice, yet failed to induce food intake. In contrast, food deprivation-induced refeeding was higher in Gad2-GHSR mice than in GHSR-deficient mice and similar to wild-type mice, suggesting that ghrelin-independent roles of GHSR in a subset of GABA neurons is sufficient for eliciting full compensatory hyperphagia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Cornejo
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Barrile
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Heredia
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Ramon Pla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - José Luis Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - María Florencia Andreoli
- Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP), HIAEP Sor María Ludovica de La Plata, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Pablo Nicolas De Francesco
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Perelló
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
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11
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Reiner BC, Chehimi SN, Merkel R, Toikumo S, Berrettini WH, Kranzler HR, Sanchez-Roige S, Kember RL, Schmidt HD, Crist RC. A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of medium spiny neurons in the rat nucleus accumbens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.26.595949. [PMID: 38826289 PMCID: PMC11142250 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.26.595949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Neural processing of rewarding stimuli involves several distinct regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The majority of NAc neurons are GABAergic projection neurons known as medium spiny neurons (MSNs). MSNs are broadly defined by dopamine receptor expression, but evidence suggests that a wider array of subtypes exist. To study MSN heterogeneity, we analyzed single-nucleus RNA sequencing data from the largest available rat NAc dataset. Analysis of 48,040 NAc MSN nuclei identified major populations belonging to the striosome and matrix compartments. Integration with mouse and human data indicated consistency across species and disease-relevance scoring using genome-wide association study results revealed potentially differential roles for MSN populations in substance use disorders. Additional high-resolution clustering identified 34 transcriptomically distinct subtypes of MSNs definable by a limited number of marker genes. Together, these data demonstrate the diversity of MSNs in the NAc and provide a basis for more targeted genetic manipulation of specific populations.
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12
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Iwasaki R, Kohro Y, Tsuda M. A method for selective and efficient isolation of gray matter astrocytes from the spinal cord of adult mice. Mol Brain 2024; 17:25. [PMID: 38773624 PMCID: PMC11106874 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates intra- and inter-regional heterogeneity of astrocytes in the brain. However, because of a lack of an efficient method for isolating astrocytes from the spinal cord, little is known about how much spinal cord astrocytes are heterogeneous in adult mice. In this study, we developed a new method for isolating spinal astrocytes from adult mice using a cold-active protease from Bacillus licheniformis with an astrocyte cell surface antigen-2 (ACSA-2) antibody. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, isolated spinal ACSA-2+ cells were divided into two distinct populations, ACSA-2high and ACSA-2low. By analyzing the expression of cell-type marker genes, the ACSA-2high and ACSA-2low populations were identified as astrocytes and ependymal cells, respectively. Furthermore, ACSA-2high cells had mRNAs encoding genes that were abundantly expressed in the gray matter (GM) but not white matter astrocytes. By optimizing enzymatic isolation procedures, the yield of GM astrocytes also increased. Therefore, our newly established method enabled the selective and efficient isolation of GM astrocytes from the spinal cord of adult mice and may be useful for bulk- or single-cell RNA-sequencing under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Iwasaki
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Kohro
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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13
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He W, Loganathan N, Tran A, Belsham DD. Npy transcription is regulated by noncanonical STAT3 signaling in hypothalamic neurons: Implication with lipotoxicity and obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112179. [PMID: 38387703 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (Npy) is an abundant neuropeptide expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. NPY-secreting neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus regulate energy homeostasis, and Npy mRNA expression is regulated by peripheral nutrient and hormonal signals like leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fatty acids. This study demonstrates that IL-6, which phosphorylates tyrosine 705 (Y705) of STAT3, decreased Npy mRNA in arcuate immortalized hypothalamic neurons. In parallel, inhibitors of STAT3-Y705 phosphorylation, stattic and cucurbitacin I, robustly upregulated Npy mRNA. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation showed high baseline total STAT3 binding to multiple regulatory regions of the Npy gene, which are decreased by IL-6 exposure. The STAT3-Npy interaction was further examined in obesity-related pathologies. Notably, in four different hypothalamic neuronal models where palmitate potently stimulated Npy mRNA, Socs3, a specific STAT3 activity marker, was downregulated and was negatively correlated with Npy mRNA levels (R2 = 0.40, p < 0.001), suggesting that disrupted STAT3 signaling is involved in lipotoxicity-mediated dysregulation of Npy. Finally, human NPY SNPs that map to human obesity or body mass index were investigated for potential STAT3 binding sites. Although none of the SNPs were linked to direct STAT3 binding, analysis show that rs17149106 (-602 G > T) is located on an upstream enhancer element of NPY, where the variant is predicted to disrupt validated binding of KLF4, a known inhibitory cofactor of STAT3 and downstream effector of leptin signaling. Collectively, this study demonstrates that STAT3 signaling negatively regulates Npy transcription, and that disruption of this interaction may contribute to metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan He
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andy Tran
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Leeson-Payne A, Iyinikkel J, Malcolm C, Lam BYH, Sommer N, Dowsett GKC, Martinez de Morentin PB, Thompson D, Mackenzie A, Chianese R, Kentistou K, Gardner EJ, Perry JRB, Grassmann F, Speakman JR, Rochford JJ, Yeo GSH, Murray F, Heisler LK. Loss of GPR75 protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and body fat accumulation. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1076-1087.e4. [PMID: 38653246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 1 in 4 people worldwide have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, there are currently no medications to treat this condition. This study investigated the role of adiposity-associated orphan G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) in liver lipid accumulation. We profiled Gpr75 expression and report that it is most abundant in the brain. Next, we generated the first single-cell-level analysis of Gpr75 and identified a subpopulation co-expressed with key appetite-regulating hypothalamic neurons. CRISPR-Cas9-deleted Gpr75 mice fed a palatable western diet high in fat adjusted caloric intake to remain in energy balance, thereby preventing NAFLD. Consistent with mouse results, analysis of whole-exome sequencing data from 428,719 individuals (UK Biobank) revealed that variants in GPR75 are associated with a reduced likelihood of hepatic steatosis. Here, we provide a significant advance in understanding of the expression and function of GPR75, demonstrating that it is a promising pharmaceutical target for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Iyinikkel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cameron Malcolm
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadine Sommer
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Georgina K C Dowsett
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Dawn Thompson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Katherine Kentistou
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Institute for Clinical Research and Systems Medicine, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - John R Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Giles S H Yeo
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Murray
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Lora K Heisler
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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15
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Burak MF, Stanley TL, Lawson EA, Campbell SL, Lynch L, Hasty AH, Domingos AI, Dixit VD, Hotamışlıgil GS, Sheedy FJ, Dixon AE, Brinkley TE, Hill JA, Donath MY, Grinspoon SK. Adiposity, immunity, and inflammation: interrelationships in health and disease: a report from 24th Annual Harvard Nutrition Obesity Symposium, June 2023. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00455-6. [PMID: 38705359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapidly evolving field of immunometabolism explores how changes in local immune environments may affect key metabolic and cellular processes, including that of adipose tissue. Importantly, these changes may contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation. In turn, chronic low-grade inflammation affecting adipose tissue may exacerbate the outcome of metabolic diseases. Novel advances in our understanding of immunometabolic processes may critically lead to interventions to reduce disease severity and progression. An important example in this regard relates to obesity, which has a multifaceted effect on immunity, activating the proinflammatory pathways such as the inflammasome and disrupting cellular homeostasis. This multifaceted effect of obesity can be investigated through study of downstream conditions using cellular and systemic investigative techniques. To further explore this field, the National Institutes of Health P30 Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard, in partnership with Harvard Medical School, assembled experts to present at its 24th Annual Symposium entitled "Adiposity, Immunity, and Inflammation: Interrelationships in Health and Disease" on 7 June, 2023. This manuscript seeks to synthesize and present key findings from the symposium, highlighting new research and novel disease-specific advances in the field. Better understanding the interaction between metabolism and immunity offers promising preventative and treatment therapies for obesity-related immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Furkan Burak
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Molecular Metabolism and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Takara L Stanley
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sophia L Campbell
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vishwa D Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, and Yale Center for Research on Aging, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gökhan S Hotamışlıgil
- Department of Molecular Metabolism and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Frederick J Sheedy
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Tina E Brinkley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Regina-Ferreira L, Valdivieso-Rivera F, Angelim MKSC, Menezes Dos Reis L, Furino VO, Morari J, Maia de Sousa L, Consonni SR, Sponton CH, Moraes-Vieira PM, Velloso LA. Inhibition of Crif1 protects fatty acid-induced POMC neuron-like cell-line damage by increasing CPT-1 function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E681-E695. [PMID: 38597829 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00420.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are sensors of signals that reflect the energy stored in the body. Inducing mild stress in proopiomelanocortin neurons protects them from the damage promoted by the consumption of a high-fat diet, mitigating the development of obesity; however, the cellular mechanisms behind these effects are unknown. Here, we induced mild stress in a proopiomelanocortin neuron cell line by inhibiting Crif1. In proopiomelanocortin neurons exposed to high levels of palmitate, the partial inhibition of Crif1 reverted the defects in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production; this was accompanied by improved mitochondrial fusion/fission cycling. Furthermore, the partial inhibition of Crif1 resulted in increased reactive oxygen species production, increased fatty acid oxidation, and reduced dependency on glucose for mitochondrial respiration. These changes were dependent on the activity of CPT-1. Thus, we identified a CPT-1-dependent metabolic shift toward greater utilization of fatty acids as substrates for respiration as the mechanism behind the protective effect of mild stress against palmitate-induced damage of proopiomelanocortin neurons.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Saturated fats can damage hypothalamic neurons resulting in positive energy balance, and this is mitigated by mild cellular stress; however, the mechanisms behind this protective effect are unknown. Using a proopiomelanocortin cell line, we show that under exposure to a high concentration of palmitate, the partial inhibition of the mitochondrial protein Crif1 results in protection due to a metabolic shift warranted by the increased expression and activity of the mitochondrial fatty acid transporter CPT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Valdivieso-Rivera
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monara K S C Angelim
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Menezes Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Joseane Morari
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Maia de Sousa
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Sponton
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lício A Velloso
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Deehan EC, Mocanu V, Madsen KL. Effects of dietary fibre on metabolic health and obesity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:301-318. [PMID: 38326443 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome represent a growing epidemic worldwide. Body weight is regulated through complex interactions between hormonal, neural and metabolic pathways and is influenced by numerous environmental factors. Imbalances between energy intake and expenditure can occur due to several factors, including alterations in eating behaviours, abnormal satiation and satiety, and low energy expenditure. The gut microbiota profoundly affects all aspects of energy homeostasis through diverse mechanisms involving effects on mucosal and systemic immune, hormonal and neural systems. The benefits of dietary fibre on metabolism and obesity have been demonstrated through mechanistic studies and clinical trials, but many questions remain as to how different fibres are best utilized in managing obesity. In this Review, we discuss the physiochemical properties of different fibres, current findings on how fibre and the gut microbiota interact to regulate body weight homeostasis, and knowledge gaps related to using dietary fibres as a complementary strategy. Precision medicine approaches that utilize baseline microbiota and clinical characteristics to predict individual responses to fibre supplementation represent a new paradigm with great potential to enhance weight management efficacy, but many challenges remain before these approaches can be fully implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Deehan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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18
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Akindehin S, Liskiewicz A, Liskiewicz D, Bernecker M, Garcia-Caceres C, Drucker DJ, Finan B, Grandl G, Gutgesell R, Hofmann SM, Khalil A, Liu X, Cota P, Bakhti M, Czarnecki O, Bastidas-Ponce A, Lickert H, Kang L, Maity G, Novikoff A, Parlee S, Pathak E, Schriever SC, Sterr M, Ussar S, Zhang Q, DiMarchi R, Tschöp MH, Pfluger PT, Douros JD, Müller TD. Loss of GIPR in LEPR cells impairs glucose control by GIP and GIP:GLP-1 co-agonism without affecting body weight and food intake in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 83:101915. [PMID: 38492844 PMCID: PMC10973979 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) decreases body weight via central GIP receptor (GIPR) signaling, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we assessed whether GIP regulates body weight and glucose control via GIPR signaling in cells that express the leptin receptor (Lepr). METHODS Hypothalamic, hindbrain, and pancreatic co-expression of Gipr and Lepr was assessed using single cell RNAseq analysis. Mice with deletion of Gipr in Lepr cells were generated and metabolically characterized for alterations in diet-induced obesity (DIO), glucose control and leptin sensitivity. Long-acting single- and dual-agonists at GIPR and GLP-1R were further used to assess drug effects on energy and glucose metabolism in DIO wildtype (WT) and Lepr-Gipr knock-out (KO) mice. RESULTS Gipr and Lepr show strong co-expression in the pancreas, but not in the hypothalamus and hindbrain. DIO Lepr-Gipr KO mice are indistinguishable from WT controls related to body weight, food intake and diet-induced leptin resistance. Acyl-GIP and the GIPR:GLP-1R co-agonist MAR709 remain fully efficacious to decrease body weight and food intake in DIO Lepr-Gipr KO mice. Consistent with the demonstration that Gipr and Lepr highly co-localize in the endocrine pancreas, including the β-cells, we find the superior glycemic effect of GIPR:GLP-1R co-agonism over single GLP-1R agonism to vanish in Lepr-Gipr KO mice. CONCLUSIONS GIPR signaling in cells/neurons that express the leptin receptor is not implicated in the control of body weight or food intake, but is of crucial importance for the superior glycemic effects of GIPR:GLP-1R co-agonism relative to single GLP-1R agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seun Akindehin
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Helmholtz Diabetes School, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Liskiewicz
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Poland
| | - Daniela Liskiewicz
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Miriam Bernecker
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Helmholtz Diabetes School, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Munich, Germany; Neurobiology of Diabetes Research Unit, Germany
| | - Cristina Garcia-Caceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gerald Grandl
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Gutgesell
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xue Liu
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Perla Cota
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Czarnecki
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lingru Kang
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; RU Adipocytes & Metabolism, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gandhari Maity
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aaron Novikoff
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Parlee
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ekta Pathak
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Neurobiology of Diabetes Research Unit, Germany
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Neurobiology of Diabetes Research Unit, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; RU Adipocytes & Metabolism, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Neurobiology of Diabetes Research Unit, Germany; Division of Neurobiology of Diabetes, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludgwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
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19
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Gutgesell RM, Nogueiras R, Tschöp MH, Müller TD. Dual and Triple Incretin-Based Co-agonists: Novel Therapeutics for Obesity and Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:1069-1084. [PMID: 38573467 PMCID: PMC11043266 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of long-acting incretin receptor agonists represents a major stride forward in tackling the dual epidemic of obesity and diabetes. Here we outline the evolution of incretin-based pharmacotherapy, from exendin-4 to the discovery of the multi-incretin hormone receptor agonists that look set to be our next step toward curing diabetes and obesity. We discuss the multiagonists currently in clinical trials and the improvement in efficacy each new generation of these drugs bring. The success of these agents in preclinical models and clinical trials suggests a promising future for multiagonists in the treatment of metabolic diseases, with the most recent glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor:glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor:glucagon receptor (GIPR:GLP-1R:GCGR) triagonists rivaling the efficacy of bariatric surgery. However, further research is needed to fully understand how these therapies exert their effect on body weight and in the last section we cover open questions about the potential mechanisms of multiagonist drugs, and the understanding of how gut-brain communication can be leveraged to achieve sustained body weight loss without adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Gutgesell
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Walther-Straub Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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20
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Leon S, Simon V, Lee TH, Steuernagel L, Clark S, Biglari N, Lesté-Lasserre T, Dupuy N, Cannich A, Bellocchio L, Zizzari P, Allard C, Gonzales D, Le Feuvre Y, Lhuillier E, Brochard A, Nicolas JC, Teillon J, Nikolski M, Marsicano G, Fioramonti X, Brüning JC, Cota D, Quarta C. Single cell tracing of Pomc neurons reveals recruitment of 'Ghost' subtypes with atypical identity in a mouse model of obesity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3443. [PMID: 38658557 PMCID: PMC11043070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus contains a remarkable diversity of neurons that orchestrate behavioural and metabolic outputs in a highly plastic manner. Neuronal diversity is key to enabling hypothalamic functions and, according to the neuroscience dogma, it is predetermined during embryonic life. Here, by combining lineage tracing of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc) neurons with single-cell profiling approaches in adult male mice, we uncovered subpopulations of 'Ghost' neurons endowed with atypical molecular and functional identity. Compared to 'classical' Pomc neurons, Ghost neurons exhibit negligible Pomc expression and are 'invisible' to available neuroanatomical approaches and promoter-based reporter mice for studying Pomc biology. Ghost neuron numbers augment in diet-induced obese mice, independent of neurogenesis or cell death, but weight loss can reverse this shift. Our work challenges the notion of fixed, developmentally programmed neuronal identities in the mature hypothalamus and highlight the ability of specialised neurons to reversibly adapt their functional identity to adult-onset obesogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Leon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Simon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas H Lee
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Samantha Clark
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nasim Biglari
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nathalie Dupuy
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Zizzari
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Allard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Gonzales
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yves Le Feuvre
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emeline Lhuillier
- University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSERM, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, U1297, 31400, France; GeT-Santé, Plateforme Génome et Transcriptome, GenoToul, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Brochard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Charles Nicolas
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérémie Teillon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, BIC, US4, UAR 3420, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Macha Nikolski
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Bioinformatics Center, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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21
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Lavoie O, Turmel A, Mattoon P, Desrosiers WJ, Plamondon J, Michael NJ, Caron A. Hypothalamic GABAergic Neurons Expressing Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1 (CRABP1) Are Sensitive to Metabolic Status and Liraglutide in Male Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38631315 DOI: 10.1159/000538716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to their privileged anatomical location, neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) play critical roles in sensing and responding to metabolic signals such as leptin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). In addition to the well-known proopiomelanocortin (POMC)- and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons, subpopulations of GABAergic neurons are emerging as key regulators of energy balance. However, the precise identity of these metabolic neurons is still elusive. Here, we identified and characterized the molecular signature of a novel population of GABAergic neurons of the ARC expressing Cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (Crabp1). METHODS Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques, we investigated the expression of Crabp1 across the mouse brain and characterized the molecular identity of Crabp1ARC neurons. We also determined whether Crabp1ARC neurons are sensitive to fasting, leptin, and GLP1R agonism by assessing cFOS immunoreactivity as a marker of neuronal activity. RESULTS Crabp1ARC neurons represent a novel GABAergic neuronal population robustly enriched in the ARC and are distinct from the prototypical melanocortin neurons. Crabp1ARC neurons overlap with three subpopulations of yet uncharacterized ARC neurons expressing Htr3b, Tbx19, and Tmem215. Notably, Crabp1ARC neurons express receptors for metabolic hormones and their activity is modulated by the nutritional state and GLP1R agonism. CONCLUSION Crabp1ARC neurons represent a novel heterogeneous population of GABAergic neurons sensitive to metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lavoie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Turmel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Paige Mattoon
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Julie Plamondon
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Jane Michael
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
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22
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Heiss JE, Zhong P, Lee SM, Yamanaka A, Kilduff TS. Distinct lateral hypothalamic CaMKIIα neuronal populations regulate wakefulness and locomotor activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316150121. [PMID: 38593074 PMCID: PMC11032496 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316150121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
For nearly a century, evidence has accumulated indicating that the lateral hypothalamus (LH) contains neurons essential to sustain wakefulness. While lesion or inactivation of LH neurons produces a profound increase in sleep, stimulation of inhibitory LH neurons promotes wakefulness. To date, the primary wake-promoting cells that have been identified in the LH are the hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) neurons, yet these neurons have little impact on total sleep or wake duration across the 24-h period. Recently, we and others have identified other LH populations that increase wakefulness. In the present study, we conducted microendoscopic calcium imaging in the LH concomitant with EEG and locomotor activity (LMA) recordings and found that a subset of LH neurons that express Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) are preferentially active during wakefulness. Chemogenetic activation of these neurons induced sustained wakefulness and greatly increased LMA even in the absence of Hcrt signaling. Few LH CaMKIIα-expressing neurons are hypocretinergic or histaminergic while a small but significant proportion are GABAergic. Ablation of LH inhibitory neurons followed by activation of the remaining LH CaMKIIα neurons induced similar levels of wakefulness but blunted the LMA increase. Ablated animals showed no significant changes in sleep architecture but both spontaneous LMA and high theta (8 to 10 Hz) power during wakefulness were reduced. Together, these findings indicate the existence of two subpopulations of LH CaMKIIα neurons: an inhibitory population that promotes locomotion without affecting sleep architecture and an excitatory population that promotes prolonged wakefulness even in the absence of Hcrt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E. Heiss
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Peng Zhong
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Stephanie M. Lee
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| | - Thomas S. Kilduff
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA94025
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23
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He W, Belsham DD. RNA-Binding Protein Motifs Predict microRNA Secretion and Cellular Retention in Hypothalamic and Other Cell Types. Biomedicines 2024; 12:857. [PMID: 38672211 PMCID: PMC11048351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) can be selectively secreted or retained, adding another layer to their critical role in regulating human health and disease. To date, select RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been proposed to be a mechanism underlying miRNA localization, but the overall relevance of RBPs in systematic miRNA sorting remains unclear. This study profiles intracellular and small extracellular vesicles' (sEVs) miRNAs in NPY-expressing hypothalamic neurons. These findings were corroborated by the publicly available sEV and intracellular miRNA profiles of white and brown adipocytes, endothelium, liver, and muscle from various databases. Using experimentally determined binding motifs of 93 RBPs, our enrichment analysis revealed that sEV-originating miRNAs contained significantly different RBP motifs than those of intracellularly retained miRNAs. Multiple RBP motifs were shared across cell types; for instance, RBM4 and SAMD4 are significantly enriched in neurons, hepatocytes, skeletal muscle, and endothelial cells. Homologs of both proteins physically interact with Argonaute1/2 proteins, suggesting that they play a role in miRNA sorting. Machine learning modelling also demonstrates that significantly enriched RBP motifs could predict cell-specific preferential miRNA sorting. Non-optimized machine learning modeling of the motifs using Random Forest and Naive Bayes in all cell types except WAT achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.77-0.84, indicating a high predictive accuracy. Given that the RBP motifs have a significant predictive power, these results underscore the critical role that RBPs play in miRNA sorting within mammalian cells and reinforce the importance of miRNA sequencing in preferential localization. For the future development of small RNA therapeutics, considering these RBP-RNA interactions could be crucial to maximize delivery effectiveness and minimize off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan He
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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24
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Huang Y, Wang A, Zhou W, Li B, Zhang L, Rudolf AM, Jin Z, Hambly C, Wang G, Speakman JR. Maternal dietary fat during lactation shapes single nucleus transcriptomic profile of postnatal offspring hypothalamus in a sexually dimorphic manner in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2382. [PMID: 38493217 PMCID: PMC10944494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition during lactation predisposes offspring to develop metabolic diseases and exacerbates the relevant syndromes in males more than females in later life. The hypothalamus is a heterogenous brain region that regulates energy balance. Here we combined metabolic trait quantification of mother and offspring mice under low and high fat diet (HFD) feeding during lactation, with single nucleus transcriptomic profiling of their offspring hypothalamus at peak lacation to understand the cellular and molecular alterations in response to maternal dietary pertubation. We found significant expansion in neuronal subpopulations including histaminergic (Hdc), arginine vasopressin/retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor β (Avp/Rorb) and agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide Y (AgRP/Npy) in male offspring when their mothers were fed HFD, and increased Npy-astrocyte interactions in offspring responding to maternal overnutrition. Our study provides a comprehensive offspring hypothalamus map at the peak lactation and reveals how the cellular subpopulations respond to maternal dietary fat in a sex-specific manner during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Metabolism Program, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anyongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Wenjiang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Centre for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Linshan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Centre for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Agata M Rudolf
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zengguang Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Catherine Hambly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Centre for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK.
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
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25
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Dittmann MT, Lakatos G, Wainwright JF, Mokrosinski J, Cross E, Farooqi IS, Wallis NJ, Halsey LG, Wilson R, O’Rahilly S, Yeo GS, Raffan E. Low resting metabolic rate and increased hunger due to β-MSH and β-endorphin deletion in a canine model. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj3823. [PMID: 38446876 PMCID: PMC10917344 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Mutations that perturb leptin-melanocortin signaling are known to cause hyperphagia and obesity, but energy expenditure has not been well studied outside rodents. We report on a common canine mutation in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), which prevents production of β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (β-MSH) and β-endorphin but not α-MSH; humans, similar to dogs, produce α-MSH and β-MSH from the POMC propeptide, but rodents produce only α-MSH. We show that energy expenditure is markedly lower in affected dogs, which also have increased motivational salience in response to a food cue, indicating increased wanting or hunger. There was no difference in satiety at a modified ad libitum meal or in their hedonic response to food, nor disruption of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or thyroid axes. In vitro, we show that β-MSH signals comparably to α-MSH at melanocortin receptors. These data implicate β-MSH and β-endorphin as important in determining hunger and moderating energy expenditure and suggest that this role is independent of the presence of α-MSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T. Dittmann
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriella Lakatos
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jodie F. Wainwright
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacek Mokrosinski
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eloise Cross
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalie J. Wallis
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lewis G. Halsey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Rory Wilson
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giles S.H. Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Raffan
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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26
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Riera CE. Wiring the Brain for Wellness: Sensory Integration in Feeding and Thermogenesis: A Report on Research Supported by Pathway to Stop Diabetes. Diabetes 2024; 73:338-347. [PMID: 38377445 PMCID: PMC10882152 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The recognition of sensory signals from within the body (interoceptive) and from the external environment (exteroceptive), along with the integration of these cues by the central nervous system, plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic balance. This orchestration is vital for regulating processes related to both food intake and energy expenditure. Animal model studies indicate that manipulating specific populations of neurons in the central nervous system which influence these processes can effectively modify energy balance. This body of work presents an opportunity for the development of innovative weight loss therapies for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this overview, we delve into the sensory cues and the neuronal populations responsible for their integration, exploring their potential in the development of weight loss treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes. This article is the first in a series of Perspectives that report on research funded by the American Diabetes Association Pathway to Stop Diabetes program. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline E. Riera
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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27
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De Solis AJ, Del Río-Martín A, Radermacher J, Chen W, Steuernagel L, Bauder CA, Eggersmann FR, Morgan DA, Cremer AL, Sué M, Germer M, Kukat C, Vollmar S, Backes H, Rahmouni K, Kloppenburg P, Brüning JC. Reciprocal activity of AgRP and POMC neurons governs coordinated control of feeding and metabolism. Nat Metab 2024; 6:473-493. [PMID: 38378998 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons reciprocally regulate food intake. Here, we combine non-interacting recombinases to simultaneously express functionally opposing chemogenetic receptors in AgRP and POMC neurons for comparing metabolic responses in male and female mice with simultaneous activation of AgRP and inhibition of POMC neurons with isolated activation of AgRP neurons or isolated inhibition of POMC neurons. We show that food intake is regulated by the additive effect of AgRP neuron activation and POMC neuron inhibition, while systemic insulin sensitivity and gluconeogenesis are differentially modulated by isolated-versus-simultaneous regulation of AgRP and POMC neurons. We identify a neurocircuit engaging Npy1R-expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, where activated AgRP neurons and inhibited POMC neurons cooperate to promote food consumption and activate Th+ neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii. Collectively, these results unveil how food intake is precisely regulated by the simultaneous bidirectional interplay between AgRP and POMC neurocircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain J De Solis
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Almudena Del Río-Martín
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Radermacher
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corinna A Bauder
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fynn R Eggersmann
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anna-Lena Cremer
- Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Sué
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Germer
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Kukat
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Vollmar
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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28
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Marshall CJ, Blake A, Stewart C, Liddle TA, Denizli I, Cuthill F, Evans NP, Stevenson TJ. Prolactin Mediates Long-Term, Seasonal Rheostatic Regulation of Body Mass in Female Mammals. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae020. [PMID: 38417844 PMCID: PMC10904104 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
A series of well-described anabolic and catabolic neuropeptides are known to provide short-term, homeostatic control of energy balance. The mechanisms that govern long-term, rheostatic control of regulated changes in energy balance are less well characterized. Using the robust and repeatable seasonal changes in body mass observed in Siberian hamsters, this report examined the role of prolactin in providing long-term rheostatic control of body mass and photoinduced changes in organ mass (ie, kidney, brown adipose tissue, uterine, and spleen). Endogenous circannual interval timing was observed after 4 months in a short photoperiod, indicated by a significant increase in body mass and prolactin mRNA expression in the pituitary gland. There was an inverse relationship between body mass and the expression of somatostatin (Sst) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (Cart). Pharmacological inhibition of prolactin release (via bromocriptine injection), reduced body mass of animals maintained in long photoperiods to winter-short photoperiod levels and was associated with a significant increase in hypothalamic Cart expression. Administration of ovine prolactin significantly increased body mass 24 hours after a single injection and the effect persisted after 3 consecutive daily injections. The data indicate that prolactin has pleiotropic effects on homeostatic sensors of energy balance (ie, Cart) and physiological effectors (ie, kidney, BAT). We propose that prolactin release from the pituitary gland acts as an output signal of the hypothalamic rheostat controller to regulate adaptive changes in body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Marshall
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alexandra Blake
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Calum Stewart
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - T Adam Liddle
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Irem Denizli
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Fallon Cuthill
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Neil P Evans
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Tyler J Stevenson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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29
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Harkany T, Tretiakov E, Varela L, Jarc J, Rebernik P, Newbold S, Keimpema E, Verkhratsky A, Horvath T, Romanov R. Molecularly stratified hypothalamic astrocytes are cellular foci for obesity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3748581. [PMID: 38405925 PMCID: PMC10889077 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3748581/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes safeguard the homeostasis of the central nervous system1,2. Despite their prominent morphological plasticity under conditions that challenge the brain's adaptive capacity3-5, the classification of astrocytes, and relating their molecular make-up to spatially devolved neuronal operations that specify behavior or metabolism, remained mostly futile6,7. Although it seems unexpected in the era of single-cell biology, the lack of a major advance in stratifying astrocytes under physiological conditions rests on the incompatibility of 'neurocentric' algorithms that rely on stable developmental endpoints, lifelong transcriptional, neurotransmitter, and neuropeptide signatures for classification6-8 with the dynamic functional states, anatomic allocation, and allostatic plasticity of astrocytes1. Simplistically, therefore, astrocytes are still grouped as 'resting' vs. 'reactive', the latter referring to pathological states marked by various inducible genes3,9,10. Here, we introduced a machine learning-based feature recognition algorithm that benefits from the cumulative power of published single-cell RNA-seq data on astrocytes as a reference map to stepwise eliminate pleiotropic and inducible cellular features. For the healthy hypothalamus, this walk-back approach revealed gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that specified subsets of astrocytes, and could be used as landmarking tools for their anatomical assignment. The core molecular censuses retained by astrocyte subsets were sufficient to stratify them by allostatic competence, chiefly their signaling and metabolic interplay with neurons. Particularly, we found differentially expressed mitochondrial genes in insulin-sensing astrocytes and demonstrated their reciprocal signaling with neurons that work antagonistically within the food intake circuitry. As a proof-of-concept, we showed that disrupting Mfn2 expression in astrocytes reduced their ability to support dynamic circuit reorganization, a time-locked feature of satiety in the hypothalamus, thus leading to obesity in mice. Overall, our results suggest that astrocytes in the healthy brain are fundamentally more heterogeneous than previously thought and topologically mirror the specificity of local neurocircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Harkany
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna
| | | | | | - Jasna Jarc
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna
| | | | | | - Erik Keimpema
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research
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30
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Lei Y, Liang X, Sun Y, Yao T, Gong H, Chen Z, Gao Y, Wang H, Wang R, Huang Y, Yang T, Yu M, Liu L, Yi CX, Wu QF, Kong X, Xu X, Liu S, Zhang Z, Liu T. Region-specific transcriptomic responses to obesity and diabetes in macaque hypothalamus. Cell Metab 2024; 36:438-453.e6. [PMID: 38325338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the progression of obesity and diabetes; however, its structural complexity and cellular heterogeneity impede targeted treatments. Here, we profiled the single-cell and spatial transcriptome of the hypothalamus in obese and sporadic type 2 diabetic macaques, revealing primate-specific distributions of clusters and genes as well as spatial region, cell-type-, and gene-feature-specific changes. The infundibular (INF) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) are most susceptible to metabolic disruption, with the PVN being more sensitive to diabetes. In the INF, obesity results in reduced synaptic plasticity and energy sensing capability, whereas diabetes involves molecular reprogramming associated with impaired tanycytic barriers, activated microglia, and neuronal inflammatory response. In the PVN, cellular metabolism and neural activity are suppressed in diabetic macaques. Spatial transcriptomic data reveal microglia's preference for the parenchyma over the third ventricle in diabetes. Our findings provide a comprehensive view of molecular changes associated with obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lei
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Xian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yunong Sun
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shanxi 710063, China
| | - Hongyu Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Institues of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yunqi Huang
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Tao Yang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xingxing Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China.
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Tiemin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Life Sciences, Institues of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China.
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31
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Chandrasekar A, Schmidtlein PM, Neve V, Rivagorda M, Spiecker F, Gauthier K, Prevot V, Schwaninger M, Müller-Fielitz H. Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Gatekeepers by Thyrotropin in Tanycytes. Thyroid 2024; 34:261-273. [PMID: 38115594 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Tanycytes are specialized glial cells within the mediobasal hypothalamus that have multiple functions, including hormone sensing and regulation of hypophysiotropic hormone secretion. There are ongoing discussions about the role of tanycytes in regulating the supply of hypothalamic thyroid hormones (THs) through the expression of TH transporters (Slc16a2, Slco1c1) and deiodinases (Dio2, Dio3). In this study, we investigated the potential feedback effect of thyrotropin (TSH) on the transcription of these gatekeeper genes on tanycytes. Methods: We analyzed the changes in the expression of TH-gatekeeper genes, in TSH-stimulated primary tanycytes, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We also used RNAScope® in brain slices to further reveal the local distribution of the transcripts. In addition, we blocked intracellular pathways and used small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to elucidate differences in the regulation of the gatekeeper genes. Results: TSH elevated messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Slco1c1, Dio2, and Dio3 in tanycytes, while Slc16a2 was mostly unaffected. Blockade and knockdown of the TSH receptor (TSHR) and antagonization of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) clearly abolished the increased expression induced by TSH, indicating PKA-dependent regulation through the TSHR. The TSH-dependent expression of Dio3 and Slco1c1 was also regulated by protein kinase C (PKC), and in case of Dio3, also by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Importantly, these gene regulations were specifically found in different subpopulations of tanycytes. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that TSH induces transcriptional regulation of TH-gatekeeper genes in tanycytes through the Tshr/Gαq/PKC pathway, in parallel to the Tshr/Gαs/PKA/CREB pathway. These differential actions of TSH on tanycytic subpopulations appear to be important for coordinating the supply of TH to the hypothalamus and aid its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Chandrasekar
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paula Marie Schmidtlein
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vanessa Neve
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manon Rivagorda
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frauke Spiecker
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karine Gauthier
- ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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32
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Miller PA, Williams-Ikhenoba JG, Sankhe AS, Hoffe BH, Chee MJ. Neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and morphological characterization of melanin-concentrating hormone cells coexpressing cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25588. [PMID: 38335050 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) cells in the hypothalamus regulate fundamental physiological functions like energy balance, sleep, and reproduction. This diversity may be ascribed to the neurochemical heterogeneity among MCH cells. One prominent subpopulation of MCH cells coexpresses cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and as MCH and CART can have opposing actions, MCH/CART+ and MCH/CART- cells may differentially modulate behavioral outcomes. However, it is not known if there are differences in the cellular properties underlying their functional differences; thus, we compared the neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and morphological properties of MCH cells in male and female Mch-cre;L10-Egfp reporter mice. Half of MCH cells expressed CART and were most prominent in the medial hypothalamus. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed differences in their passive and active membrane properties in a sex-dependent manner. Female MCH/CART+ cells had lower input resistances, but male cells largely differed in their firing properties. All MCH cells increased firing when stimulated, but their firing frequency decreases with sustained stimulation. MCH/CART+ cells showed stronger spike rate adaptation than MCH/CART- cells. The kinetics of excitatory events at MCH cells also differed by cell type, as the rising rate of excitatory events was slower at MCH/CART+ cells. By reconstructing the dendritic arborization of our recorded cells, we found no sex differences, but male MCH/CART+ cells had less dendritic length and fewer branch points. Overall, distinctions in topographical division and cellular properties between MCH cells add to their heterogeneity and help elucidate their response to stimuli or effect on modulating their respective neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aditi S Sankhe
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendan H Hoffe
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa J Chee
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Kalnytska O, Qvist P, Kunz S, Conrad T, Willnow TE, Schmidt V. SORCS2 activity in pancreatic α-cells safeguards insulin granule formation and release from glucose-stressed β-cells. iScience 2024; 27:108725. [PMID: 38226160 PMCID: PMC10788290 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sorting receptor SORCS2 is a stress-response factor protecting neurons from acute insults, such as during epilepsy. SORCS2 is also expressed in the pancreas, yet its action in this tissue remains unknown. Combining metabolic studies in SORCS2-deficient mice with ex vivo functional analyses and single-cell transcriptomics of pancreatic tissues, we identified a role for SORCS2 in protective stress response in pancreatic islets, essential to sustain insulin release. We show that SORCS2 is predominantly expressed in islet alpha cells. Loss of expression coincides with inability of these cells to produce osteopontin, a secreted factor that facilitates insulin release from stressed beta cells. In line with diminished osteopontin levels, beta cells in SORCS2-deficient islets show gene expression patterns indicative of aggravated cell stress, and exhibit defects in insulin granule maturation and a blunted glucose response. These findings corroborate a function for SORCS2 in protective stress response that extends to metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Kalnytska
- Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Séverine Kunz
- Technology Platform for Electron Microscopy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Conrad
- Genomics Technology Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Willnow
- Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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34
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Wong CK, McLean BA, Baggio LL, Koehler JA, Hammoud R, Rittig N, Yabut JM, Seeley RJ, Brown TJ, Drucker DJ. Central glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation inhibits Toll-like receptor agonist-induced inflammation. Cell Metab 2024; 36:130-143.e5. [PMID: 38113888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects relevant to the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes. Although GLP-1RAs attenuate T cell-mediated gut and systemic inflammation directly through the gut intraepithelial lymphocyte GLP-1R, how GLP-1RAs inhibit systemic inflammation in the absence of widespread immune expression of the GLP-1R remains uncertain. Here, we show that GLP-1R activation attenuates the induction of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by multiple Toll-like receptor agonists. These actions are not mediated by hematopoietic or endothelial GLP-1Rs but require central neuronal GLP-1Rs. In a cecal slurry model of polymicrobial sepsis, GLP-1RAs similarly require neuronal GLP-1Rs to attenuate detrimental responses associated with sepsis, including sickness, hypothermia, systemic inflammation, and lung injury. Mechanistically, GLP-1R activation leads to reduced TNF-α via α1-adrenergic, δ-opioid, and κ-opioid receptor signaling. These data extend emerging concepts of brain-immune networks and posit a new gut-brain GLP-1R axis for suppression of peripheral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Kin Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brent A McLean
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurie L Baggio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Koehler
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rola Hammoud
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nikolaj Rittig
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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35
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Liskiewicz A, Khalil A, Liskiewicz D, Novikoff A, Grandl G, Maity-Kumar G, Gutgesell RM, Bakhti M, Bastidas-Ponce A, Czarnecki O, Makris K, Lickert H, Feuchtinger A, Tost M, Coupland C, Ständer L, Akindehin S, Prakash S, Abrar F, Castelino RL, He Y, Knerr PJ, Yang B, Hogendorf WFJ, Zhang S, Hofmann SM, Finan B, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH, Douros JD, Müller TD. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide regulates body weight and food intake via GABAergic neurons in mice. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2075-2085. [PMID: 37946085 PMCID: PMC10730394 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of single-molecule co-agonists for the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) is considered a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. But although GIPR-GLP-1R co-agonism decreases body weight with superior efficacy relative to GLP-1R agonism alone in preclinical1-3 and clinical studies4,5, the role of GIP in regulating energy metabolism remains enigmatic. Increasing evidence suggests that long-acting GIPR agonists act in the brain to decrease body weight through the inhibition of food intake3,6-8; however, the mechanisms and neuronal populations through which GIP affects metabolism remain to be identified. Here, we report that long-acting GIPR agonists and GIPR-GLP-1R co-agonists decrease body weight and food intake via inhibitory GABAergic neurons. We show that acyl-GIP decreases body weight and food intake in male diet-induced obese wild-type mice, but not in mice with deletion of Gipr in Vgat(also known as Slc32a1)-expressing GABAergic neurons (Vgat-Gipr knockout). Whereas the GIPR-GLP-1R co-agonist MAR709 leads, in male diet-induced obese wild-type mice, to greater weight loss and further inhibition of food intake relative to a pharmacokinetically matched acyl-GLP-1 control, this superiority over GLP-1 vanishes in Vgat-Gipr knockout mice. Our data demonstrate that long-acting GIPR agonists crucially depend on GIPR signaling in inhibitory GABAergic neurons to decrease body weight and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Liskiewicz
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Liskiewicz
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aaron Novikoff
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerald Grandl
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gandhari Maity-Kumar
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert M Gutgesell
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Czarnecki
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Makris
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Core Facility Pathology & Tissue Analytics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Monica Tost
- Core Facility Pathology & Tissue Analytics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Callum Coupland
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Ständer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seun Akindehin
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sneha Prakash
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Faiyaz Abrar
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Russell L Castelino
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yantao He
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Patrick J Knerr
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Shiqi Zhang
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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36
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Yao Z, van Velthoven CTJ, Kunst M, Zhang M, McMillen D, Lee C, Jung W, Goldy J, Abdelhak A, Aitken M, Baker K, Baker P, Barkan E, Bertagnolli D, Bhandiwad A, Bielstein C, Bishwakarma P, Campos J, Carey D, Casper T, Chakka AB, Chakrabarty R, Chavan S, Chen M, Clark M, Close J, Crichton K, Daniel S, DiValentin P, Dolbeare T, Ellingwood L, Fiabane E, Fliss T, Gee J, Gerstenberger J, Glandon A, Gloe J, Gould J, Gray J, Guilford N, Guzman J, Hirschstein D, Ho W, Hooper M, Huang M, Hupp M, Jin K, Kroll M, Lathia K, Leon A, Li S, Long B, Madigan Z, Malloy J, Malone J, Maltzer Z, Martin N, McCue R, McGinty R, Mei N, Melchor J, Meyerdierks E, Mollenkopf T, Moonsman S, Nguyen TN, Otto S, Pham T, Rimorin C, Ruiz A, Sanchez R, Sawyer L, Shapovalova N, Shepard N, Slaughterbeck C, Sulc J, Tieu M, Torkelson A, Tung H, Valera Cuevas N, Vance S, Wadhwani K, Ward K, Levi B, Farrell C, Young R, Staats B, Wang MQM, Thompson CL, Mufti S, Pagan CM, Kruse L, Dee N, Sunkin SM, Esposito L, Hawrylycz MJ, Waters J, Ng L, Smith K, Tasic B, Zhuang X, Zeng H. A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain. Nature 2023; 624:317-332. [PMID: 38092916 PMCID: PMC10719114 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain consists of millions to billions of cells that are organized into many cell types with specific spatial distribution patterns and structural and functional properties1-3. Here we report a comprehensive and high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial cell-type atlas for the whole adult mouse brain. The cell-type atlas was created by combining a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset of around 7 million cells profiled (approximately 4.0 million cells passing quality control), and a spatial transcriptomic dataset of approximately 4.3 million cells using multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH). The atlas is hierarchically organized into 4 nested levels of classification: 34 classes, 338 subclasses, 1,201 supertypes and 5,322 clusters. We present an online platform, Allen Brain Cell Atlas, to visualize the mouse whole-brain cell-type atlas along with the single-cell RNA-sequencing and MERFISH datasets. We systematically analysed the neuronal and non-neuronal cell types across the brain and identified a high degree of correspondence between transcriptomic identity and spatial specificity for each cell type. The results reveal unique features of cell-type organization in different brain regions-in particular, a dichotomy between the dorsal and ventral parts of the brain. The dorsal part contains relatively fewer yet highly divergent neuronal types, whereas the ventral part contains more numerous neuronal types that are more closely related to each other. Our study also uncovered extraordinary diversity and heterogeneity in neurotransmitter and neuropeptide expression and co-expression patterns in different cell types. Finally, we found that transcription factors are major determinants of cell-type classification and identified a combinatorial transcription factor code that defines cell types across all parts of the brain. The whole mouse brain transcriptomic and spatial cell-type atlas establishes a benchmark reference atlas and a foundational resource for integrative investigations of cellular and circuit function, development and evolution of the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | - Meng Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Won Jung
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pamela Baker
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eliza Barkan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Carey
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jennie Close
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Scott Daniel
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tim Dolbeare
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - James Gee
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica Gloe
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - James Gray
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Windy Ho
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mike Huang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Madie Hupp
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Jin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kanan Lathia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arielle Leon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Su Li
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zach Madigan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Zoe Maltzer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naomi Martin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel McCue
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan McGinty
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Mei
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose Melchor
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sven Otto
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lane Sawyer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Noah Shepard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Josef Sulc
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Herman Tung
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Shane Vance
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Katelyn Ward
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Boaz Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rob Young
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Staats
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Shoaib Mufti
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Kruse
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jack Waters
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
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37
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Hammerschmidt P, Steculorum SM, Bandet CL, Del Río-Martín A, Steuernagel L, Kohlhaas V, Feldmann M, Varela L, Majcher A, Quatorze Correia M, Klar RFU, Bauder CA, Kaya E, Porniece M, Biglari N, Sieben A, Horvath TL, Hornemann T, Brodesser S, Brüning JC. CerS6-dependent ceramide synthesis in hypothalamic neurons promotes ER/mitochondrial stress and impairs glucose homeostasis in obese mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7824. [PMID: 38016943 PMCID: PMC10684560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of hypothalamic ceramides has been associated with disrupted neuronal pathways in control of energy and glucose homeostasis. However, the specific ceramide species promoting neuronal lipotoxicity in obesity have remained obscure. Here, we find increased expression of the C16:0 ceramide-producing ceramide synthase (CerS)6 in cultured hypothalamic neurons exposed to palmitate in vitro and in the hypothalamus of obese mice. Conditional deletion of CerS6 in hypothalamic neurons attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent weight gain and improves glucose metabolism. Specifically, CerS6 deficiency in neurons expressing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) or steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) alters feeding behavior and alleviates the adverse metabolic effects of HFD feeding on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. POMC-expressing cell-selective deletion of CerS6 prevents the diet-induced alterations of mitochondrial morphology and improves cellular leptin sensitivity. Our experiments reveal functions of CerS6-derived ceramides in hypothalamic lipotoxicity, altered mitochondrial dynamics, and ER/mitochondrial stress in the deregulation of food intake and glucose metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hammerschmidt
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophie M Steculorum
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Research Group Neurocircuit Wiring and Function, Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cécile L Bandet
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Almudena Del Río-Martín
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vivien Kohlhaas
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marvin Feldmann
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luis Varela
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Laboratory of Glia-Neuron Interactions in the Control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque-Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Adam Majcher
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Quatorze Correia
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rhena F U Klar
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corinna A Bauder
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ecem Kaya
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marta Porniece
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nasim Biglari
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Sieben
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Laboratory of Glia-Neuron Interactions in the Control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque-Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Herb BR, Glover HJ, Bhaduri A, Colantuoni C, Bale TL, Siletti K, Hodge R, Lein E, Kriegstein AR, Doege CA, Ament SA. Single-cell genomics reveals region-specific developmental trajectories underlying neuronal diversity in the human hypothalamus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6251. [PMID: 37939194 PMCID: PMC10631741 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The development and diversity of neuronal subtypes in the human hypothalamus has been insufficiently characterized. To address this, we integrated transcriptomic data from 241,096 cells (126,840 newly generated) in the prenatal and adult human hypothalamus to reveal a temporal trajectory from proliferative stem cell populations to mature hypothalamic cell types. Iterative clustering of the adult neurons identified 108 robust transcriptionally distinct neuronal subtypes representing 10 hypothalamic nuclei. Pseudotime trajectories provided insights into the genes driving formation of these nuclei. Comparisons to single-cell transcriptomic data from the mouse hypothalamus suggested extensive conservation of neuronal subtypes despite certain differences in species-enriched gene expression. The uniqueness of hypothalamic neuronal lineages was examined developmentally by comparing excitatory lineages present in cortex and inhibitory lineages in ganglionic eminence, revealing both distinct and shared drivers of neuronal maturation across the human forebrain. These results provide a comprehensive transcriptomic view of human hypothalamus development through gestation and adulthood at cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Herb
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kahlert Institute for Addiction Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah J. Glover
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Colantuoni
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tracy L. Bale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kimberly Siletti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Hodge
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Arnold R. Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudia A. Doege
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seth A. Ament
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kahlert Institute for Addiction Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Mirabella PN, Fenselau H. Advanced neurobiological tools to interrogate metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:639-654. [PMID: 37674015 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered neurobiological tools for the manipulation of cellular activity, such as chemogenetics and optogenetics, have become a cornerstone of modern neuroscience research. These tools are invaluable for the interrogation of the central control of metabolism as they provide a direct means to establish a causal relationship between brain activity and biological processes at the cellular, tissue and organismal levels. The utility of these methods has grown substantially due to advances in cellular-targeting strategies, alongside improvements in the resolution and potency of such tools. Furthermore, the potential to recapitulate endogenous cellular signalling has been enriched by insights into the molecular signatures and activity dynamics of discrete brain cell types. However, each modulatory tool has a specific set of advantages and limitations; therefore, tool selection and suitability are of paramount importance to optimally interrogate the cellular and circuit-based underpinnings of metabolic outcomes within the organism. Here, we describe the key principles and uses of engineered neurobiological tools. We also highlight inspiring applications and outline critical considerations to be made when using these tools within the field of metabolism research. We contend that the appropriate application of these biotechnological advances will enable the delineation of the central circuitry regulating systemic metabolism with unprecedented potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nicholas Mirabella
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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40
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Fong H, Zheng J, Kurrasch D. The structural and functional complexity of the integrative hypothalamus. Science 2023; 382:388-394. [PMID: 37883552 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus ("hypo" meaning below, and "thalamus" meaning bed) consists of regulatory circuits that support basic life functions that ensure survival. Sitting at the interface between peripheral, environmental, and neural inputs, the hypothalamus integrates these sensory inputs to influence a range of physiologies and behaviors. Unlike the neocortex, in which a stereotyped cytoarchitecture mediates complex functions across a comparatively small number of neuronal fates, the hypothalamus comprises upwards of thousands of distinct cell types that form redundant yet functionally discrete circuits. With single-cell RNA sequencing studies revealing further cellular heterogeneity and modern photonic tools enabling high-resolution dissection of complex circuitry, a new era of hypothalamic mapping has begun. Here, we provide a general overview of mammalian hypothalamic organization, development, and connectivity to help welcome newcomers into this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmony Fong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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41
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Srour N, Lavoie O, Khouma A, Minbashi Moeini M, Plamondon J, Kinkead R, Michael NJ, Caron A. Electrophysiological Comparison of Definitive Pro-opiomelanocortin Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus and the Retrochiasmatic Area of Male and Female Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 530:95-107. [PMID: 37619768 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) are considered a major site of leptin action. Due to increasing evidence that POMC neurons are highly heterogeneous and indications that the conventional molecular tools to study their functions have important limitations, a reassessment of leptin's effects on definitive POMC neurons is needed. POMC neurons are also expressed in the retrochiasmatic area (RCA), where their function is poorly understood. Furthermore, the response of POMC neurons to leptin in females is largely unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the differences in leptin responsiveness of POMC neurons in the ARC and the RCA using a mouse model allowing adult-inducible fluorescent labeling. We performed whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology on 154 POMC neurons from male and female mice. We confirmed and extended the model by which leptin depolarizes POMC neurons, in both the ARC and the RCA. Furthermore, we characterized the electrophysiological properties of an underappreciated subpopulation representing ∼10% of hypothalamic POMC neurons that are inhibited by leptin. We also provide evidence that sex does not appear to be a major determinant of basal properties and leptin responsiveness of POMC neurons, but that females are overall less responsive to leptin compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Srour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Lavoie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Axelle Khouma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Moein Minbashi Moeini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Richard Kinkead
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie J Michael
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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42
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Brüning JC, Fenselau H. Integrative neurocircuits that control metabolism and food intake. Science 2023; 381:eabl7398. [PMID: 37769095 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl7398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Systemic metabolism has to be constantly adjusted to the variance of food intake and even be prepared for anticipated changes in nutrient availability. Therefore, the brain integrates multiple homeostatic signals with numerous cues that predict future deviations in energy supply. Recently, our understanding of the neural pathways underlying these regulatory principles-as well as their convergence in the hypothalamus as the key coordinator of food intake, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism-have been revealed. These advances have changed our view of brain-dependent control of metabolic physiology. In this Review, we discuss new concepts about how alterations in these pathways contribute to the development of prevalent metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and how this emerging knowledge may provide new targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Research Group Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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43
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Fernandez G, De Francesco PN, Cornejo MP, Cabral A, Aguggia JP, Duque VJ, Sayar N, Cantel S, Burgos JI, Fehrentz JA, Rorato R, Atasoy D, Mecawi AS, Perello M. Ghrelin Action in the PVH of Male Mice: Accessibility, Neuronal Targets, and CRH Neurons Activation. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad154. [PMID: 37823477 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The hormone ghrelin displays several well-characterized functions, including some with pharmaceutical interest. The receptor for ghrelin, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), is expressed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), a critical hub for the integration of metabolic, neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral functions. Here, we performed a neuroanatomical and functional characterization of the neuronal types mediating ghrelin actions in the PVH of male mice. We found that fluorescent ghrelin mainly labels PVH neurons immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), which catalyze the production of nitric oxide [NO]). Centrally injected ghrelin increases c-Fos in NOS1 PVH neurons and NOS1 phosphorylation in the PVH. We also found that a high dose of systemically injected ghrelin increases the ghrelin level in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the periventricular PVH, and induces c-Fos in NOS1 PVH neurons. Such a high dose of systemically injected ghrelin activates a subset of NOS1 PVH neurons, which do not express oxytocin, via an arcuate nucleus-independent mechanism. Finally, we found that pharmacological inhibition of NO production fully abrogates ghrelin-induced increase of calcium concentration in corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons of the PVH whereas it partially impairs ghrelin-induced increase of plasma glucocorticoid levels. Thus, plasma ghrelin can directly target a subset of NO-producing neurons of the PVH that is involved in ghrelin-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal neuroendocrine axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - María P Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Julieta P Aguggia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Victor J Duque
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Nilufer Sayar
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier cedex 5 34293, France
| | - Juan I Burgos
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Eugenio Cingolani" (CONICET and National University of La Plata), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier cedex 5 34293, France
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - André S Mecawi
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
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Lemcke R, Egebjerg C, Berendtsen NT, Egerod KL, Thomsen AR, Pers TH, Christensen JP, Kornum BR. Molecular consequences of peripheral Influenza A infection on cell populations in the murine hypothalamus. eLife 2023; 12:RP87515. [PMID: 37698546 PMCID: PMC10497288 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Influenza A virus (IAV) causes the well-known symptoms of the flu, including fever, loss of appetite, and excessive sleepiness. These responses, mediated by the brain, will normally disappear once the virus is cleared from the system, but a severe respiratory virus infection may cause long-lasting neurological disturbances. These include encephalitis lethargica and narcolepsy. The mechanisms behind such long lasting changes are unknown. The hypothalamus is a central regulator of the homeostatic response during a viral challenge. To gain insight into the neuronal and non-neuronal molecular changes during an IAV infection, we intranasally infected mice with an H1N1 virus and extracted the brain at different time points. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of the hypothalamus, we identify transcriptional effects in all identified cell populations. The snRNA-seq data showed the most pronounced transcriptional response at 3 days past infection, with a strong downregulation of genes across all cell types. General immune processes were mainly impacted in microglia, the brain resident immune cells, where we found increased numbers of cells expressing pro-inflammatory gene networks. In addition, we found that most neuronal cell populations downregulated genes contributing to the energy homeostasis in mitochondria and protein translation in the cytosol, indicating potential reduced cellular and neuronal activity. This might be a preventive mechanism in neuronal cells to avoid intracellular viral replication and attack by phagocytosing cells. The change of microglia gene activity suggest that this is complemented by a shift in microglia activity to provide increased surveillance of their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Lemcke
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Christine Egebjerg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nicolai T Berendtsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kristoffer L Egerod
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Allan R Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jan P Christensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Birgitte R Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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45
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Mak KWY, He W, Loganathan N, Belsham DD. Bisphenol A Alters the Levels of miRNAs That Directly and/or Indirectly Target Neuropeptide Y in Murine Hypothalamic Neurons. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1773. [PMID: 37761913 PMCID: PMC10530511 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a vital regulator of energy homeostasis. Orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons within the hypothalamus can stimulate feeding and suppress energy expenditure, and dysregulation of these neurons may contribute to obesity. We previously reported that bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor with obesogenic properties, alters Npy transcription in hypothalamic neurons by inducing oxidative stress. We hypothesized that hypothalamic microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, could directly regulate Npy gene expression by binding the 3' untranslated region (UTR). Five predicted Npy-targeting miRNA candidates were uncovered through TargetScan and were detected in Npy-expressing hypothalamic neuronal cell models and hypothalamic neuronal primary cultures. BPA dysregulated the expression of a number of these hypothalamic miRNAs. We examined the effects of putative Npy-targeting miRNAs using miRNA mimics, and we found that miR-143-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-29b-1-5p, and let-7b-3p altered Npy expression in the murine hypothalamic cell lines. Importantly, miR-143-3p targets the mouse Npy 3' UTR, as detected using a luciferase construct containing the potential 3' UTR binding sites. Overall, this study established the first hypothalamic miRNA that directly targets the 3' UTR of mouse Npy, emphasizing the involvement of miRNAs in the NPY system and providing an alternative target for control of NPY levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly W. Y. Mak
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (K.W.Y.M.); (W.H.); (N.L.)
| | - Wenyuan He
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (K.W.Y.M.); (W.H.); (N.L.)
| | - Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (K.W.Y.M.); (W.H.); (N.L.)
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (K.W.Y.M.); (W.H.); (N.L.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Saeed S, Ning L, Badreddine A, Mirza MU, Boissel M, Khanam R, Manzoor J, Janjua QM, Khan WI, Toussaint B, Vaillant E, Amanzougarene S, Derhourhi M, Trant JF, Siegert AM, Lam BYH, Yeo GSH, Chabraoui L, Touzani A, Kulkarni A, Farooqi IS, Bonnefond A, Arslan M, Froguel P. Biallelic Mutations in P4HTM Cause Syndromic Obesity. Diabetes 2023; 72:1228-1234. [PMID: 37083980 DOI: 10.2337/db22-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that 50% of children with obesity from consanguineous families from Pakistan carry pathogenic variants in known monogenic obesity genes. Here, we have discovered a novel monogenetic recessive form of severe childhood obesity using an in-house computational staged approach. The analysis included whole-exome sequencing data of 366 children with severe obesity, 1,000 individuals of the Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study (PROMIS) study, and 200,000 participants of the UK Biobank to prioritize genes harboring rare homozygous variants with putative effect on human obesity. We identified five rare or novel homozygous missense mutations predicted deleterious in five consanguineous families in P4HTM encoding prolyl 4-hydroxylase transmembrane (P4H-TM). We further found two additional homozygous missense mutations in children with severe obesity of Indian and Moroccan origin. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested that these mutations destabilized the active conformation of the substrate binding domain. Most carriers also presented with hypotonia, cognitive impairment, and/or developmental delay. Three of the five probands died of pneumonia during the first 2 years of the follow-up. P4HTM deficiency is a novel form of syndromic obesity, affecting 1.5% of our children with obesity associated with high mortality. P4H-TM is a hypoxia-inducible factor that is necessary for survival and adaptation under oxygen deprivation, but the role of this pathway in energy homeostasis and obesity pathophysiology remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Saeed
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Lijiao Ning
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Alaa Badreddine
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Muhammad Usman Mirza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathilde Boissel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Roohia Khanam
- School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jaida Manzoor
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qasim M Janjua
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman
| | - Waqas I Khan
- The Children Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Bénédicte Toussaint
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Vaillant
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Souhila Amanzougarene
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - John F Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna-Maria Siegert
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Layachi Chabraoui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Asmae Touzani
- Children's Hospital of Rabat and Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation, SRCC Children's Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
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47
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Rossi MA. Control of energy homeostasis by the lateral hypothalamic area. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:738-749. [PMID: 37353461 PMCID: PMC10524917 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is a subcortical brain region that exerts control over motivated behavior, feeding, and energy balance across species. Recent single-cell sequencing studies have defined at least 30 distinct LHA neuron types. Some of these influence specific aspects of energy homeostasis; however, the functions of many LHA cell types remain unclear. This review addresses the rapidly emerging evidence from cell-type-specific investigations that the LHA leverages distinct neuron populations to regulate energy balance through complex connections with other brain regions. It will highlight recent findings demonstrating that LHA control of energy balance extends beyond mere food intake and propose outstanding questions to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Rossi
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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48
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Brivio E, Kos A, Ulivi AF, Karamihalev S, Ressle A, Stoffel R, Hirsch D, Stelzer G, Schmidt MV, Lopez JP, Chen A. Sex shapes cell-type-specific transcriptional signatures of stress exposure in the mouse hypothalamus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112874. [PMID: 37516966 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-related psychiatric disorders and the stress system show prominent differences between males and females, as well as strongly divergent transcriptional changes. Despite several proposed mechanisms, we still lack the understanding of the molecular processes at play. Here, we explore the contribution of cell types to transcriptional sex dimorphism using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identify cell-type-specific signatures of acute restraint stress in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, a central hub of the stress response, in male and female mice. Further, we show that a history of chronic mild stress alters these signatures in a sex-specific way, and we identify oligodendrocytes as a major target for these sex-specific effects. This dataset, which we provide as an online interactive app, offers the transcriptomes of thousands of individual cells as a molecular resource for an in-depth dissection of the interplay between cell types and sex on the mechanisms of the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Brivio
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804 Munich, Germany; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Aron Kos
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stoyo Karamihalev
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ressle
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Stoffel
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Dana Hirsch
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gil Stelzer
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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49
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Sikkema L, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Strobl DC, Gillett TE, Zappia L, Madissoon E, Markov NS, Zaragosi LE, Ji Y, Ansari M, Arguel MJ, Apperloo L, Banchero M, Bécavin C, Berg M, Chichelnitskiy E, Chung MI, Collin A, Gay ACA, Gote-Schniering J, Hooshiar Kashani B, Inecik K, Jain M, Kapellos TS, Kole TM, Leroy S, Mayr CH, Oliver AJ, von Papen M, Peter L, Taylor CJ, Walzthoeni T, Xu C, Bui LT, De Donno C, Dony L, Faiz A, Guo M, Gutierrez AJ, Heumos L, Huang N, Ibarra IL, Jackson ND, Kadur Lakshminarasimha Murthy P, Lotfollahi M, Tabib T, Talavera-López C, Travaglini KJ, Wilbrey-Clark A, Worlock KB, Yoshida M, van den Berge M, Bossé Y, Desai TJ, Eickelberg O, Kaminski N, Krasnow MA, Lafyatis R, Nikolic MZ, Powell JE, Rajagopal J, Rojas M, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Seibold MA, Sheppard D, Shepherd DP, Sin DD, Timens W, Tsankov AM, Whitsett J, Xu Y, Banovich NE, Barbry P, Duong TE, Falk CS, Meyer KB, Kropski JA, Pe'er D, Schiller HB, Tata PR, Schultze JL, Teichmann SA, Misharin AV, Nawijn MC, Luecken MD, Theis FJ. An integrated cell atlas of the lung in health and disease. Nat Med 2023; 29:1563-1577. [PMID: 37291214 PMCID: PMC10287567 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies have transformed our understanding of human tissues. Yet, studies typically capture only a limited number of donors and disagree on cell type definitions. Integrating many single-cell datasets can address these limitations of individual studies and capture the variability present in the population. Here we present the integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA), combining 49 datasets of the human respiratory system into a single atlas spanning over 2.4 million cells from 486 individuals. The HLCA presents a consensus cell type re-annotation with matching marker genes, including annotations of rare and previously undescribed cell types. Leveraging the number and diversity of individuals in the HLCA, we identify gene modules that are associated with demographic covariates such as age, sex and body mass index, as well as gene modules changing expression along the proximal-to-distal axis of the bronchial tree. Mapping new data to the HLCA enables rapid data annotation and interpretation. Using the HLCA as a reference for the study of disease, we identify shared cell states across multiple lung diseases, including SPP1+ profibrotic monocyte-derived macrophages in COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis and lung carcinoma. Overall, the HLCA serves as an example for the development and use of large-scale, cross-dataset organ atlases within the Human Cell Atlas.
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Grants
- R01 HL153375 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL127349 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U54 HL165443 NHLBI NIH HHS
- P01 HL107202 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL148856 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R21 HL156124 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U54 AG075931 NIA NIH HHS
- Wellcome Trust
- R01 HL146557 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL123766 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL148861 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL141852 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 ES034350 NIEHS NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001863 NCATS NIH HHS
- R01 HL126176 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R21 HL161760 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL145372 NHLBI NIH HHS
- P01 AG049665 NIA NIH HHS
- K12 HD105271 NICHD NIH HHS
- U19 AI135964 NIAID NIH HHS
- P30 CA008748 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 HL142568 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL153312 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U54 AG079754 NIA NIH HHS
- R56 HL157632 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL158139 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL135156 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL153045 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U54 HL145608 NHLBI NIH HHS
- P50 AR060780 NIAMS NIH HHS
- R01 HL128439 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL146519 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL117004 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL068702 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL145567 NHLBI NIH HHS
- P01 HL132821 NHLBI NIH HHS
- MR/R015635/1 Medical Research Council
- R01 MD010443 NIMHD NIH HHS
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, LLC Seed Network grant (CZF2019-002438) “Lung Cell Atlas 1.0” NIH 1U54HL145608-01 CZIF2022-007488 from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Foundation CZIF2022-007488 from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Foundation
- ESPOD fellowship of EMBL-EBI and Sanger Institute
- 3IA Cote d’Azur PhD program
- The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy by means of the PPP
- EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- Joachim Herz Stiftung (Joachim Herz Foundation)
- P50 AR060780-06A1
- University College London, Birkbeck MRC Doctoral Training Programme
- Jikei University School of Medicine (Jikei University)
- 5R01HL14254903, 4UH3CA25513503
- R01HL127349, R01HL141852, U01HL145567 and CZI
- MRC Clinician Scientist Fellowship (MR/W00111X/1)
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, LLC Seed Network grant (CZF2019-002438) “Lung Cell Atlas 1.0” 2R01HL068702
- R01 HL135156, R01 MD010443, R01 HL128439, P01 HL132821, P01 HL107202, R01 HL117004, and DOD Grant W81WH-16-2-0018
- HL142568 and HL14507 from the NHLBI
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, LLC Seed Network grant (CZF2019-002438) “Lung Cell Atlas 1.0”, 2R01HL068702
- Wellcome (WT211276/Z/18/Z) Sanger core grant WT206194 CZIF2022-007488 from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Foundation
- R21HL156124, R56HL157632, and R21HL161760
- CZI, 5U01HL148856
- CZI, 5U01HL148856, R01 HL153045
- U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense)
- The National Institute of Health R01HL145372
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Foundation for Medical Research in France)
- Conseil Départemental des Alpes Maritimes
- Inserm Cross-cutting Scientific Program HuDeCA 2018, ANR SAHARRA (ANR-19-CE14–0027), ANR-19-P3IA-0002–3IA, the National Infrastructure France Génomique (ANR-10-INBS-09-03), PPIA 4D-OMICS (21-ESRE-0052), and the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, LLC Seed Network grant (CZF2019-002438) “Lung Cell Atlas 1.0”.
- Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
- Sanger core grant WT206194 Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, LLC Seed Network grant (CZF2019-002438) “Lung Cell Atlas 1.0” CZIF2022-007488 from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Foundation
- Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (DDCF)
- The National Institute of Health R01HL145372 Department of Defense W81XWH-19-1-0416
- The National Institute of Health R01HL146557 and R01HL153375 and funds from Chan Zuckerberg Initiative - Human Lung Cell Atlas-pilot award
- 1U54HL145608-01
- CZI Deep Visual Proteomics
- 1U54HL145608-01, U01HL148861-03
- 1) the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, LLC Seed Network grant CZF2019-002438 “Lung Cell Atlas 1.0”; 2) R01 HL153312; 3) U19 AI135964; 4) P01 AG049665
- Netherlands Lung Foundation project nos. 5.1.14.020 and 4.1.18.226, LLC Seed Network grant CZF2019-002438 “Lung Cell Atlas 1.0”
- grant number 2019-002438 from the Chan Zuckerberg Foundation, by the Helmholtz Association’s Initiative and Networking Fund through Helmholtz AI [ZT-I-PF-5-01] and by the Bavarian Ministry of Science and the Arts in the framework of the Bavarian Research Association “ForInter” (Interaction of human brain cells)
- 1 U01 HL14555-01, R01 HL123766-04
- NIH U54 AG075931, 5R01 HL146519
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sikkema
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ciro Ramírez-Suástegui
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel C Strobl
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tessa E Gillett
- Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luke Zappia
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Nikolay S Markov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laure-Emmanuelle Zaragosi
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Valbonne, France
| | - Yuge Ji
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (a member of the German Center for Lung Research) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie-Jeanne Arguel
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Valbonne, France
| | - Leonie Apperloo
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Banchero
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christophe Bécavin
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Valbonne, France
| | - Marijn Berg
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mei-I Chung
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Antoine Collin
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Valbonne, France
- 3IA Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Aurore C A Gay
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Gote-Schniering
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (a member of the German Center for Lung Research) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Baharak Hooshiar Kashani
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (a member of the German Center for Lung Research) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kemal Inecik
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manu Jain
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Theodore S Kapellos
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (a member of the German Center for Lung Research) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tessa M Kole
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvie Leroy
- Pulmonology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OncoAge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Christoph H Mayr
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (a member of the German Center for Lung Research) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Lance Peter
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Chase J Taylor
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Chuan Xu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linh T Bui
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Carlo De Donno
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leander Dony
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry and International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Alen Faiz
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- School of Life Sciences, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, US
| | | | - Lukas Heumos
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (a member of the German Center for Lung Research) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ignacio L Ibarra
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathan D Jackson
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Preetish Kadur Lakshminarasimha Murthy
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammad Lotfollahi
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Talavera-López
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum der Lüdwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kyle J Travaglini
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kaylee B Worlock
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tushar J Desai
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marko Z Nikolic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph E Powell
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cellular and Tissue Genomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Max A Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas P Shepherd
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wim Timens
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander M Tsankov
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Whitsett
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Pascal Barbry
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Valbonne, France
- 3IA Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Thu Elizabeth Duong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute for Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (a member of the German Center for Lung Research) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Joachim L Schultze
- Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sara A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Malte D Luecken
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (a member of the German Center for Lung Research) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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Fernández-Moya SM, Ganesh AJ, Plass M. Neural cell diversity in the light of single-cell transcriptomics. Transcription 2023; 14:158-176. [PMID: 38229529 PMCID: PMC10807474 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2023.2295044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of highly parallel and affordable high-throughput single-cell transcriptomics technologies has revolutionized our understanding of brain complexity. These methods have been used to build cellular maps of the brain, its different regions, and catalog the diversity of cells in each of them during development, aging and even in disease. Now we know that cellular diversity is way beyond what was previously thought. Single-cell transcriptomics analyses have revealed that cell types previously considered homogeneous based on imaging techniques differ depending on several factors including sex, age and location within the brain. The expression profiles of these cells have also been exploited to understand which are the regulatory programs behind cellular diversity and decipher the transcriptional pathways driving them. In this review, we summarize how single-cell transcriptomics have changed our view on the cellular diversity in the human brain, and how it could impact the way we study neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, we describe the new computational approaches that can be used to study cellular differentiation and gain insight into the functions of individual cell populations under different conditions and their alterations in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra María Fernández-Moya
- Gene Regulation of Cell Identity, Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- Program for Advancing Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P- CMR[C], Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Akshay Jaya Ganesh
- Gene Regulation of Cell Identity, Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- Program for Advancing Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P- CMR[C], Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mireya Plass
- Gene Regulation of Cell Identity, Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- Program for Advancing Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P- CMR[C], Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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