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Cui Z, Li Y, Tsyusko OV, Wang J, Unrine JM, Wei G, Chen C. Metal-Organic Framework-Enabled Sustainable Agrotechnologies: An Overview of Fundamentals and Agricultural Applications. J Agric Food Chem 2024. [PMID: 38600745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
With aggravated abiotic and biotic stresses from increasing climate change, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as versatile toolboxes for developing environmentally friendly agrotechnologies aligned with agricultural practices and safety. Herein, we have explored MOF-based agrotechnologies, focusing on their intrinsic properties, such as structural and catalytic characteristics. Briefly, MOFs possess a sponge-like porous structure that can be easily stimulated by the external environment, facilitating the controlled release of agrochemicals, thus enabling precise delivery of agrochemicals. Additionally, MOFs offer the ability to remove or degrade certain pollutants by capturing them within their pores, facilitating the development of MOF-based remediation technologies for agricultural environments. Furthermore, the metal-organic hybrid nature of MOFs grants them abundant catalytic activities, encompassing photocatalysis, enzyme-mimicking catalysis, and electrocatalysis, allowing for the integration of MOFs into degradation and sensing agrotechnologies. Finally, the future challenges that MOFs face in agrotechnologies were proposed to promote the development of sustainable agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuechun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Olga V Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
- Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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2
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Bofa A, Zewotir T. Key predictors of food security and nutrition in Africa: a spatio-temporal model-based study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:885. [PMID: 38519902 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is voluminous literature on Food Security in Africa. This study explicitly considers the spatio-temporal factors in addition to the usual FAO-based metrics in modeling and understanding the dynamics of food security and nutrition across the African continent. To better understand the complex trajectory and burden of food insecurity and nutrition in Africa, it is crucial to consider space-time factors when modeling and interpreting food security. The spatio-temporal anova model was found to be superior(employing statistical criteria) to the other three models from the spatio-temporal interaction domain models. The results of the study suggest that dietary supply adequacy, food stability, and consumption status are positively associated with severe food security, while average food supply and environmental factors have negative effects on Food Security and Nutrition. The findings also indicate that severe food insecurity and malnutrition are spatially and temporally correlated across the African continent. Spatio-temporal modeling and spatial mapping are essential components of a comprehensive practice to reduce the burden of severe food insecurity. likewise, any planning and intervention to improve the average food supply and environment to promote sustainable development should be regional instead of one size fit all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adusei Bofa
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville campus, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Temesgen Zewotir
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville campus, Oliver Tambo Building, Durban, South Africa
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3
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Li Y, Cui Z, Shi L, Shan J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Ji Y, Zhang D, Wang J. Perovskite Nanocrystals: Superior Luminogens for Food Quality Detection Analysis. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:4493-4517. [PMID: 38382051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
With the global limited food resources receiving grievous damage from frequent climate changes and ascending global food demand resulting from increasing population growth, perovskite nanocrystals with distinctive photoelectric properties have emerged as attractive and prospective luminogens for the exploitation of rapid, easy operation, low cost, highly accurate, excellently sensitive, and good selective biosensors to detect foodborne hazards in food practices. Perovskite nanocrystals have demonstrated supreme advantages in luminescent biosensing for food products due to their high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, narrow full width at half-maximum PL, tunable PL in the entire visible spectrum, easy preparation, and various modification strategies compared with conventional semiconductors. Herein, we have carried out a comprehensive discussion concerning perovskite nanocrystals as luminogens in the application of high-performance biosensing of foodborne hazards for food products, including a brief introduction of perovskite nanocrystals, perovskite nanocrystal-based biosensors, and their application in different categories of food products. Finally, the challenges and opportunities faced by perovskite nanocrystals as superior luminogens were proposed to promote their practicality in the future food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaowen Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Longhua Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinrui Shan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanwei Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daohong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Liu W, Li M, Huang Y, Makowski D, Su Y, Bai Y, Schauberger B, Du T, Abbaspour KC, Yang K, Yang H, Ciais P. Mitigating nitrogen losses with almost no crop yield penalty during extremely wet years. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadi9325. [PMID: 38416832 PMCID: PMC10901370 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate change-induced precipitation anomalies during extremely wet years (EWYs) result in substantial nitrogen losses to aquatic ecosystems (Nw). Still, the extent and drivers of these losses, and effective mitigation strategies have remained unclear. By integrating global datasets with well-established crop modeling and machine learning techniques, we reveal notable increases in Nw, ranging from 22 to 56%, during historical EWYs. These pulses are projected to amplify under the SSP126 (SSP370) scenario to 29 to 80% (61 to 120%) due to the projected increases in EWYs and higher nitrogen input. We identify the relative precipitation difference between two consecutive years (diffPr) as the primary driver of extreme Nw. This finding forms the basis of the CLimate Extreme Adaptive Nitrogen Strategy (CLEANS), which scales down nitrogen input adaptively to diffPr, leading to a substantial reduction in extreme Nw with nearly zero yield penalty. Our results have important implications for global environmental sustainability and while safeguarding food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733000, China
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733000, China
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - David Makowski
- UMR Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (MIA518), INRAE AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Yang Su
- UMR ECOSYS, INRAE UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Département d'Informatique, École Normale Supérieure - PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yawei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733000, China
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bernhard Schauberger
- University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Energy Systems, Am Staudengarten 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Taisheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733000, China
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Karim C. Abbaspour
- 2w2e Environmental Consulting GmbH, Mettlenweg 3, Dübendorf, 8600 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resource Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong Yang
- 2w2e Environmental Consulting GmbH, Mettlenweg 3, Dübendorf, 8600 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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5
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Zhao L, Zhou X, Kang Z, Peralta-Videa JR, Zhu YG. Nano-enabled seed treatment: A new and sustainable approach to engineering climate-resilient crops. Sci Total Environ 2024; 910:168640. [PMID: 37989394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Under a changing climate, keeping the food supply steady for an ever-increasing population will require crop plants adapted to environmental fluctuations. Genetic engineering and genome-editing approaches have been used for developing climate-resilient crops. However, genetically modified crops have yet to be widely accepted, especially for small-scale farmers in low-income countries and some societies. Nano-priming (seed exposure to nanoparticles, NPs) has appeared as an alternative to the abovementioned techniques. This technique improves seed germination speed, promotes seedlings' vigor, and enhances plant tolerance to adverse conditions such as drought, salinity, temperature, and flooding, which may occur under extreme weather conditions. Moreover, nano-enabled seed treatment can increase the disease resistance of crops by boosting immunity, which will reduce the use of pesticides. This unsophisticated, farmer-available, cost-effective, and environment-friendly seed treatment approach may help crop plants fight climate change challenges. This review discusses the previous information about nano-enabled seed treatment for enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses and increasing disease resistance. Current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying nanomaterial-seed interactions is discussed. To conclude, the review includes research questions to address before this technique reaches its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoding Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jose R Peralta-Videa
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Yuan S, Saito K, van Oort PAJ, van Ittersum MK, Peng S, Grassini P. Intensifying rice production to reduce imports and land conversion in Africa. Nat Commun 2024; 15:835. [PMID: 38280881 PMCID: PMC10821910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Africa produces around 60% of the rice the continent consumes, relying heavily on rice imports to fulfill the rest of the domestic demand. Over the past 10 years, the rice-agricultural area increased nearly 40%, while average yield remained stagnant. Here we used a process-based crop simulation modelling approach combined with local weather, soil, and management datasets to evaluate the potential to increase rice production on existing cropland area in Africa and assess cropland expansion and rice imports by year 2050 for different scenarios of yield intensification. We find that Africa can avoid further increases in rice imports, and even reduce them, through a combination of cropland expansion following the historical trend together with closure of the current exploitable yield gap by half or more. Without substantial increase in rice yields, meeting future rice demand will require larger rice imports and/or land conversion than now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 B.P. 2551, Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, 1301, Philippines
| | - Pepijn A J van Oort
- Wagfnoveningen Plant Research, Agrosystems Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin K van Ittersum
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, NL-6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Patricio Grassini
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915, USA.
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Frank SM, Jaacks LM, Avery CL, Adair LS, Meyer K, Rose D, Taillie LS. Dietary quality and cardiometabolic indicators in the USA: A comparison of the Planetary Health Diet Index, Healthy Eating Index-2015, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296069. [PMID: 38198440 PMCID: PMC10781024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) measures adherence to the sustainable dietary guidance proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission on Food, Planet, Health. To justify incorporating sustainable dietary guidance such as the PHDI in the US, the index needs to be compared to health-focused dietary recommendations already in use. The objectives of this study were to compare the how the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) relate to cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS AND FINDINGS Participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2018) were assigned a score for each dietary index. We examined disparities in dietary quality for each index. We used linear and logistic regression to assess the association of standardized dietary index values with waist circumference, blood pressure, HDL-C, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and triglycerides (TG). We also dichotomized the cardiometabolic indicators using the cutoffs for the Metabolic Syndrome and used logistic regression to assess the relationship of the standardized dietary index values with binary cardiometabolic risk factors. We observed diet quality disparities for populations that were Black, Hispanic, low-income, and low-education. Higher diet quality was associated with improved continuous and binary cardiometabolic risk factors, although higher PHDI was not associated with high FPG and was the only index associated with lower TG. These patterns remained consistent in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Sustainability-focused dietary recommendations such as the PHDI have similar cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic risk as HEI-2015 or DASH. Health-focused dietary guidelines such as the forthcoming 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans can consider the environmental impact of diet and still promote cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Frank
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay M. Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Christy L. Avery
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Linda S. Adair
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katie Meyer
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donald Rose
- Tulane Nutrition, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Deng X, Huang Y, Yuan W, Zhang W, Ciais P, Dong W, Smith P, Qin Z. Building soil to reduce climate change impacts on global crop yield. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166711. [PMID: 37652390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Improving soil health and resilience is fundamental for sustainable food production, however the role of soil in maintaining or improving global crop productivity under climate warming is not well identified and quantified. Here, we examined the impact of soil on yield response to climate warming for four major crops (i.e., maize, wheat, rice and soybean), using global-scale datasets and random forest method. We found that each °C of warming reduced global yields of maize by 3.4%, wheat by 2.4%, rice by 0.3% and soybean by 5.0%, which were spatially heterogeneous with possible positive impacts. The random forest modeling analyses further showed that soil organic carbon (SOC), as an indicator of soil quality, dominantly explained the spatial heterogeneity of yield responses to warming and would regulate the negative warming responses. Improving SOC under the medium SOC sequestration scenario would reduce the warming-induced yield loss of maize, wheat, rice and soybean to 0.1% °C-1, 2.7% °C-1, 3.4% °C-1 and - 0.6% °C-1, respectively, avoiding an average of 3%-5% °C-1 of global yield loss. These yield benefits would occur on 53.2%, 67.8%, 51.8% and 71.6% of maize, wheat, rice and soybean planting areas, respectively, with particularly pronounced benefits in the regions with negative warming responses. With improved soil carbon, food systems are predicted to provide additional 20 to over 130 million tonnes of food that would otherwise lose due to future warming. Our findings highlight the critical role of soil in alleviating negative warming impacts on food security, especially for developing regions, given that sustainable actions on soil improvement could be taken broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Deng
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Ministry of Education), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Ministry of Education), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Wenjie Dong
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Ministry of Education), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Zhangcai Qin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Ministry of Education), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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Zhu G, Gao D, Li L, Yao Y, Wang Y, Zhi M, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhu Q, Gao J, Chen T, Zhang X, Wang T, Cao S, Ma A, Feng X, Han J. Generation of three-dimensional meat-like tissue from stable pig epiblast stem cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8163. [PMID: 38071210 PMCID: PMC10710416 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultured meat production has emerged as a breakthrough technology for the global food industry with the potential to reduce challenges associated with environmental sustainability, global public health, animal welfare, and competition for food between humans and animals. The muscle stem cell lines currently used for cultured meat cannot be passaged in vitro for extended periods of time. Here, we develop a directional differentiation system of porcine pre-gastrulation epiblast stem cells (pgEpiSCs) with stable cellular features and achieve serum-free myogenic differentiation of the pgEpiSCs. We show that the pgEpiSCs-derived skeletal muscle progenitor cells and skeletal muscle fibers have typical muscle cell characteristics and display skeletal muscle transcriptional features during myogenic differentiation. Importantly, we establish a three-dimensional differentiation system for shaping cultured tissue by screening plant-based edible scaffolds of non-animal origin, followed by the generation of pgEpiSCs-derived cultured meat. These advances provide a technical approach for the development of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linzi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yixuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minglei Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Cao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Aijin Ma
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xianchao Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Park T, Gumma MK, Wang W, Panjala P, Dubey SK, Nemani RR. Greening of human-dominated ecosystems in India. Commun Earth Environ 2023; 4:419. [PMID: 38665186 PMCID: PMC11041707 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-01078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Satellite data show the Earth has been greening and identify croplands in India as one of the most prominent greening hotspots. Though India's agriculture has been dependent on irrigation enhancement to reduce crop water stress and increase production, the spatiotemporal dynamics of how irrigation influenced the satellite observed greenness remains unclear. Here, we use satellite-derived leaf area data and survey-based agricultural statistics together with results from state-of-the-art Land Surface Models (LSM) to investigate the role of irrigation in the greening of India's croplands. We find that satellite observations provide multiple lines of evidence showing strong contributions of irrigation to significant greening during dry season and in drier environments. The national statistics support irrigation-driven yield enhancement and increased dry season cropping intensity. These suggest a continuous shift in India's agriculture toward an irrigation-driven dry season cropping system and confirm the importance of land management in the greening phenomenon. However, the LSMs identify CO2 fertilization as a primary driver of greening whereas land use and management have marginal impacts on the simulated leaf area changes. This finding urges a closer collaboration of the modeling, Earth observation, and land system science communities to improve representation of land management in the Earth system modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejin Park
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California USA
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, California USA
| | - Murali K. Gumma
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana India
| | - Weile Wang
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California USA
| | - Pranay Panjala
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana India
| | | | - Ramakrishna R. Nemani
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California USA
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, California USA
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11
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Zhan P, Zhu W, Zhang T, Li N. Regional inequalities of future climate change impact on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165495. [PMID: 37451446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The implications of climate change for rice yield have significant repercussions for food security, particularly in China, where rice cultivation is diverse, involving various cropping intensities, management practices, and climate conditions across numerous regions. The regional discrepancies in the impact of climate change on rice yield in China, however, are yet to be fully understood. Using the ORYZA(v3) model and future climate data from 2025 to 2084, gathered from ten climate models and three climate change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5), we conducted an investigation into these regional discrepancies. Our findings suggest a projected average decline in rice yield ranging from 3.7 % to 16.4 % under both rainfed and fully irrigated conditions across different scenarios. Central, eastern, and northwestern China could face the most significant climate change impacts on both rainfed and irrigated rice, with yield reductions reaching 41.5 %. In contrast, low levels of climate change under the RCP2.6 scenario may benefit northeastern (2.4 %) and southern (1.0 %) regions for rainfed and irrigated rice, respectively. Fertilization effects from elevated CO2 could counterbalance climate change's negative impact, resulting in yield increases in all Chinese rice-growing regions, excluding the northwest. The primary factor influencing rice yield changes in all regions under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios was temperature. However, precipitation, solar radiation, and relative humidity had notable and sometimes dominant effects, especially under the RCP2.6 scenario. These results highlight the divergent, even contradictory, rice yield responses to climate change across China, underlining the need to account for regional differences in large-scale impact studies. The study's findings can inform future policy decisions regarding ensuring regional and national food security in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Scharadin B, Zanocco C, Chistolini J. Food retail environments, extreme weather, and their overlap: Exploratory analysis and recommendations for U.S. food policy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289282. [PMID: 37939027 PMCID: PMC10631631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change, yet many of their impacts on human populations are not well understood. We examine the relationship between prior extreme weather events and food environment characteristics. To do so, we conduct a U.S. county-level analysis that assesses the association between extreme weather events and two common food retail environment dimensions. Overall, we find a relationship between higher levels of historic extreme weather exposure and lower food availability and accessibility. In addition, we find heterogeneity in association across the distribution of the number of extreme weather events and event type. Specifically, we find that more localized extreme weather events are more associated with a reduction of access and availability than broad geographic events. Our findings suggest that as extreme weather events amplify in intensity and increase in frequency, new approaches for mitigating less acute and longer-term impacts are needed to address how extreme weather may interact with and reinforce existing disparities in food environment factors. Furthermore, our research argues that integrated approaches to improving vulnerable food retail environments will become an important component of extreme weather planning and should be a consideration in both disaster- and food-related policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Scharadin
- Department of Economics, Colby College, Waterville, Maine, United States of America
| | - Chad Zanocco
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Chistolini
- Department of Statistics, Colby College, Waterville, Maine, United States of America
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13
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Wagnew F, Alene KA, Kelly M, Gray D. Geospatial Overlap of Undernutrition and Tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:7000. [PMID: 37947558 PMCID: PMC10647613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20217000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition is a key driver of the global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, yet there is limited understanding regarding the spatial overlap of both diseases. This study aimed to determine the geographical co-distribution and socio-climatic factors of undernutrition and TB in Ethiopia. Data on undernutrition were found from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Data on TB were obtained from the Ethiopia national TB prevalence survey. We applied a geostatistical model using a Bayesian framework to predict the prevalence of undernutrition and TB. Spatial overlap of undernutrition and TB prevalence was detected in the Afar and Somali regions. Population density was associated with the spatial distribution of TB [β: 0.008; 95% CrI: 0.001, 0.014], wasting [β: -0.017; 95% CrI: -0.032, -0.004], underweight [β: -0.02; 95% CrI: -0.031, -0.011], stunting [β: -0.012; 95% CrI: -0.017, -0.006], and adult undernutrition [β: -0.007; 95% CrI: -0.01, -0.005]. Distance to a health facility was associated with the spatial distribution of stunting [β: 0.269; 95% CrI: 0.08, 0.46] and adult undernutrition [β: 0.176; 95% CrI: 0.044, 0.308]. Healthcare access and demographic factors were associated with the spatial distribution of TB and undernutrition. Therefore, geographically targeted service integration may be more effective than nationwide service integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasil Wagnew
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia;
- College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos P.O. Box 269, Ethiopia
- Geospatial and Tuberculosis Research Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
| | - Kefyalew Addis Alene
- Geospatial and Tuberculosis Research Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Matthew Kelly
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia;
| | - Darren Gray
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia;
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14
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Kang M, Wang X, Chen J, Fang Q, Liu J, Tang L, Liu L, Cao W, Zhu Y, Liu B. Extreme low-temperature events can alleviate micronutrient deficiencies while increasing potential health risks from heavy metals in rice. Environ Pollut 2023; 334:122165. [PMID: 37429493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite global warming, extreme low-temperature stress (LTS) events pose a significant threat to rice production (especially in East Asia) that can significantly impact micronutrient and heavy metal elements in rice. With two billion people worldwide facing micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) and widespread heavy metal pollution in rice, understanding these impacts is crucial. We conducted detailed extreme LTS experiments with two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (Huaidao 5 and Nanjing 46) grown under four temperature levels (from 21/27 °C to 6/12 °C) and three LTS durations (three, six, and nine days). We observed significant interaction effects for LTS at different growth stages, durations and temperature levels on the contents and accumulation of mineral elements. The contents of most mineral elements (such Fe, Zn, As, Cu, and Cd) increased significantly under severe LTS at flowering, but decreased under LTS at the grain-filling stage. The accumulations of all mineral elements decreased at the three growth stages under LTS due to decreased grain weight. The contents and accumulation of mineral elements were more sensitive to LTS at the peak flowering stage than at the other two stages. Furthermore, the contents of most mineral elements in Nanjing 46 show larger variation under LTS compared to Huaidao 5. Accumulated cold degree days (ACDD, °C·d) were found to be suitable for quantifying the effects of LTS on the relative contents and accumulations of mineral elements. LTS at the flowering stage will help alleviate MNDs, but may also increase potential health risks from heavy metals. These results provide valuable insights for evaluating future climate change impacts on rice grain quality and potential health risks from heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Xue Wang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Jiankun Chen
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Qizhao Fang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Jiaming Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Liang Tang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Leilei Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Weixing Cao
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
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15
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Fan Y. Unequal effects of climate intervention on agriculture. Nat Food 2023; 4:835-836. [PMID: 37798560 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Fan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
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16
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Sabo F, Meroni M, Waldner F, Rembold F. Is deeper always better? Evaluating deep learning models for yield forecasting with small data. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1153. [PMID: 37672152 PMCID: PMC10482790 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Predicting crop yields, and especially anomalously low yields, is of special importance for food insecure countries. In this study, we investigate a flexible deep learning approach to forecast crop yield at the provincial administrative level based on deep 1D and 2D convolutional neural networks using limited data. This approach meets the operational requirements-public and global records of satellite data in an application ready format with near real time updates-and can be transferred to any country with reliable yield statistics. Three-dimensional histograms of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and climate data are used as input to the 2D model, while simple administrative-level time series averages of NDVI and climate data to the 1D model. The best model architecture is automatically identified during efficient and extensive hyperparameter optimization. To demonstrate the relevance of this approach, we hindcast (2002-2018) the yields of Algeria's three main crops (barley, durum and soft wheat) and contrast the model's performance with machine learning algorithms and conventional benchmark models used in a previous study. Simple benchmarks such as peak NDVI remained challenging to outperform while machine learning models were superior to deep learning models for all forecasting months and all tested crops. We attribute the poor performance of deep learning to the small size of the dataset available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Sabo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Michele Meroni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Felix Rembold
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
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17
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Wegmann M, Jaume-Santero F. Artificial intelligence achieves easy-to-adapt nonlinear global temperature reconstructions using minimal local data. Commun Earth Environ 2023; 4:217. [PMID: 38665184 PMCID: PMC11041659 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-00872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding monthly-to-annual climate variability is essential for adapting to future climate extremes. Key ways to do this are through analysing climate field reconstructions and reanalyses. However, producing such reconstructions can be limited by high production costs, unrealistic linearity assumptions, or uneven distribution of local climate records. Here, we present a machine learning-based non-linear climate variability reconstruction method using a Recurrent Neural Network that is able to learn from existing model outputs and reanalysis data. As a proof-of-concept, we reconstructed more than 400 years of global, monthly temperature anomalies based on sparse, realistically distributed pseudo-station data and show the impact of different training data sets. Our reconstructions show realistic temperature patterns and magnitude reproduction costing about 1 hour on a middle-class laptop. We highlight the method's capability in terms of mean statistics compared to more established methods and find that it is also suited to reconstruct specific climate events. This approach can easily be adapted for a wide range of regions, periods and variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wegmann
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Jaume-Santero
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva School of Business Administration, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Carouge, Switzerland
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18
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Harrison LOJ, Engelhard GH, Thurstan RH, Sturrock AM. Widening mismatch between UK seafood production and consumer demand: a 120-year perspective. Rev Fish Biol Fish 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37360578 PMCID: PMC10234684 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-023-09776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Developed countries are increasingly dependent on international trade to meet seafood requirements, which has important social, environmental, and economic implications. After becoming an independent coastal state following Brexit, the UK faces increased trade barriers and changes in seafood availability and cost. We compiled a long-term (120-year) dataset of UK seafood production (landings and aquaculture), imports, and exports, and assessed the influence of policy change and consumer preference on domestic production and consumption. In the early twentieth century, distant-water fisheries met an increasing demand for large, flaky fish such as cod and haddock that are more abundant in northerly waters. Accordingly, from 1900 to 1975, the UK fleet supplied almost 90% of these fish. However, policy changes in the mid-1970s such as the widespread establishment of Exclusive Economic Zones and the UK joining the European Union resulted in large declines in distant-water fisheries and a growing mismatch between seafood production versus consumption in the UK. While in 1975, UK landings and aquaculture accounted for 89% of seafood consumed by the British public, by 2019 this was only 40%. The combination of policy changes and staunch consumer preferences for non-local species has resulted in today's situation, where the vast majority of seafood consumed in the UK is imported, and most seafood produced domestically is exported. There are also health considerations. The UK public currently consumes 31% less seafood than is recommended by government guidelines, and even if local species were more popular, total domestic production would still be 73% below recommended levels. In the face of climate change, global overfishing and potentially restrictive trade barriers, promoting locally sourced seafood and non-seafood alternatives would be prudent to help meet national food security demands, and health and environmental targets.. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-023-09776-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke O. J. Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Georg H. Engelhard
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Ruth H. Thurstan
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9FE UK
| | - Anna M. Sturrock
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
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19
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Dang F, Li C, Nunes LM, Tang R, Wang J, Dong S, Peijnenburg WJGM, Wang W, Xing B, Lam SS, Sonne C. Trophic transfer of silver nanoparticles shifts metabolism in snails and reduces food safety. Environ Int 2023; 176:107990. [PMID: 37247467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Food security and sustainable development of agriculture has been a key challenge for decades. To support this, nanotechnology in the agricultural sectors increases productivity and food security, while leaving complex environmental negative impacts including pollution of the human food chains by nanoparticles. Here we model the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in a food chain consisting of soil-grown lettuce Lactuca sativa and snail Achatina fulica. Soil-grown lettuce were exposed to sulfurized Ag-NPs via root or metallic Ag-NPs via leaves before fed to snails. We discover an important biomagnification of silver in snails sourced from plant root uptake, with trophic transfer factors of 2.0-5.9 in soft tissues. NPs shifts from original size (55-68 nm) toward much smaller size (17-26 nm) in snails. Trophic transfer of Ag-NPs reprograms the global metabolic profile by down-regulating or up-regulating metabolites for up to 0.25- or 4.20- fold, respectively, relative to the control. These metabolites control osmoregulation, phospholipid, energy, and amino acid metabolism in snails, reflecting molecular pathways of biomagnification and pontential adverse biological effects on lower trophic levels. Consumption of these Ag-NP contaminated snails causes non-carcinogenic effects on human health. Global public health risks decrease by 72% under foliar Ag-NP application in agriculture or through a reduction in the consumption of snails sourced from root application. The latter strategy is at the expense of domestic economic losses in food security of $177.3 and $58.3 million annually for countries such as Nigeria and Cameroon. Foliar Ag-NP application in nano-agriculture has lower hazard quotient risks on public health than root application to ensure global food safety, as brought forward by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, 161 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Luís M Nunes
- University of Algarve, Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability Center, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ronggui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Shuofei Dong
- Agilent Technologies Co. Ltd (China), No.3, Wang Jing Bei Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wenxiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, 161 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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20
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Chen S, Pan Z, Zhao W, Zhou Y, Rui Y, Jiang C, Wang Y, White JC, Zhao L. Engineering Climate-Resilient Rice Using a Nanobiostimulant-Based "Stress Training" Strategy. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37256700 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Under a changing climate, cultivating climate-resilient crops will be critical to maintaining food security. Here, we propose the application of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating nanoparticles as nanobiostimulants to trigger stress/immune responses and subsequently increase the stress resilience of plants. We established three regimens of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-based "stress training": seed training (ST), leaf training (LT), and combined seed and leaf training (SLT). Trained rice seedlings were then exposed to either rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) or chilling stress (10 °C). The results show that all "stress training" regimes, particularly SLT, significantly enhanced the resistance of rice against the fungal pathogen (lesion size reduced by 82% relative to untrained control). SLT also significantly enhanced rice tolerance to cold stress. The mechanisms for the enhanced resilience were investigated with metabolomics and transcriptomics, which show that "stress training" induced considerable metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming in rice leaves. AgNPs boosted ROS-activated stress signaling pathways by oxidative post-translational modifications of stress-related kinases, hormones, and transcriptional factors (TFs). These signaling pathways subsequently modulated the expression of defense genes, including specialized metabolites (SMs) biosynthesis genes, cell membrane lipid metabolism genes, and pathogen-plant interaction genes. Importantly, results showed that the "stress memory" can be transferred transgenerationally, conferring offspring seeds with improved seed germination and seedling vigor. This may provide an epigenetic breeding strategy to fortify stress resilience of crops. This nanobiostimulant-based stress training strategy will increase yield vigor against a changing climate and will contribute to sustainable agriculture by reducing agrochemical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhengyan Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110101, China
| | - Weichen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanlian Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and NWAFU-Purdue Joint Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&FUniversity, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yi Wang
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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21
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Alhasan DM, Riley NM, Jackson II WB, Jackson CL. Food insecurity and sleep health by race/ethnicity in the United States. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e59. [PMID: 37252683 PMCID: PMC10214135 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity, poised to increase with burgeoning concerns related to climate change, may influence sleep, yet few studies examined the food security-sleep association among racially/ethnically diverse populations with multiple sleep dimensions. We determined overall and racial/ethnic-specific associations between food security and sleep health. Using National Health Interview Survey data, we categorised food security as very low, low, marginal and high. Sleep duration was categorised as very short, short, recommended and long. Sleep disturbances included trouble falling/staying asleep, insomnia symptoms, waking up feeling unrested and using sleep medication (all ≥3 d/times in the previous week). Adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and other confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) for sleep dimensions by food security. Among 177 435 participants, the mean age of 47⋅2 ± 0⋅1 years, 52⋅0 % were women, and 68⋅4 % were non-Hispanic (NH)-White. A higher percent of NH-Black (7⋅9 %) and Hispanic/Latinx (5⋅1 %) lived in very low food security households than NH-White (3⋅1 %) participants. Very low v. high food security was associated with a higher prevalence of very short (PR = 2⋅61 [95 % CI 2⋅44-2⋅80]) sleep duration as well as trouble falling asleep (PR = 2⋅21 [95 % CI 2⋅12-2⋅30]). Very low v. high food security was associated with a higher prevalence of very short sleep duration among Asian (PR = 3⋅64 [95 % CI 2⋅67-4⋅97]) and NH-White (PR = 2⋅73 [95 % CI 2⋅50-2⋅99]) participants compared with NH-Black (PR = 2⋅03 [95 % CI 1⋅80-2⋅31]) and Hispanic/Latinx (PR = 2⋅65 [95 % CI 2⋅30-3⋅07]) participants. Food insecurity was associated with poorer sleep in a racially/ethnically diverse US sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Alhasan
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nyree M. Riley
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Chandra L. Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Intramural Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Fu J, Jian Y, Wang X, Li L, Ciais P, Zscheischler J, Wang Y, Tang Y, Müller C, Webber H, Yang B, Wu Y, Wang Q, Cui X, Huang W, Liu Y, Zhao P, Piao S, Zhou F. Extreme rainfall reduces one-twelfth of China's rice yield over the last two decades. Nat Food 2023; 4:416-426. [PMID: 37142747 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme climate events constitute a major risk to global food production. Among these, extreme rainfall is often dismissed from historical analyses and future projections, the impacts and mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Here we used long-term nationwide observations and multi-level rainfall manipulative experiments to explore the magnitude and mechanisms of extreme rainfall impacts on rice yield in China. We find that rice yield reductions due to extreme rainfall were comparable to those induced by extreme heat over the last two decades, reaching 7.6 ± 0.9% (one standard error) according to nationwide observations and 8.1 ± 1.1% according to the crop model incorporating the mechanisms revealed from manipulative experiments. Extreme rainfall reduces rice yield mainly by limiting nitrogen availability for tillering that lowers per-area effective panicles and by exerting physical disturbance on pollination that declines per-panicle filled grains. Considering these mechanisms, we projected ~8% additional yield reduction due to extreme rainfall under warmer climate by the end of the century. These findings demonstrate that it is critical to account for extreme rainfall in food security assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Jian
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Laurent Li
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jakob Zscheischler
- Department of Computational Hydrosystems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Ecology, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Institute of Ecology, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heidi Webber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichen Huang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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23
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Foini P, Tizzoni M, Martini G, Paolotti D, Omodei E. On the forecastability of food insecurity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2793. [PMID: 36928341 PMCID: PMC10038988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity, defined as the lack of physical or economic access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food, remains one of the main challenges included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Near real-time data on the food insecurity situation collected by international organizations such as the World Food Programme can be crucial to monitor and forecast time trends of insufficient food consumption levels in countries at risk. Here, using food consumption observations in combination with secondary data on conflict, extreme weather events and economic shocks, we build a forecasting model based on gradient boosted regression trees to create predictions on the evolution of insufficient food consumption trends up to 30 days in to the future in 6 countries (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali, Nigeria, Syria and Yemen). Results show that the number of available historical observations is a key element for the forecasting model performance. Among the 6 countries studied in this work, for those with the longest food insecurity time series, that is Syria and Yemen, the proposed forecasting model allows to forecast the prevalence of people with insufficient food consumption up to 30 days into the future with higher accuracy than a naive approach based on the last measured prevalence only. The framework developed in this work could provide decision makers with a tool to assess how the food insecurity situation will evolve in the near future in countries at risk. Results clearly point to the added value of continuous near real-time data collection at sub-national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Foini
- ISI Foundation, Via Chisola 5, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Tizzoni
- ISI Foundation, Via Chisola 5, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Via Verdi, 26, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Martini
- World Food Programme, Research, Assessment and Monitoring Division (RAM), Via Cesare Giulio Viola 68, 00148, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Omodei
- World Food Programme, Research, Assessment and Monitoring Division (RAM), Via Cesare Giulio Viola 68, 00148, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Quellenstraße 51, 1100, Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Ahmed KY, Ross AG, Hussien SM, Agho KE, Olusanya BO, Ogbo FA. Mapping Local Variations and the Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Nigeria. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3250. [PMID: 36833952 PMCID: PMC9959360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the specific geospatial variations in childhood stunting is essential for aligning appropriate health services to where new and/or additional nutritional interventions are required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and national targets. OBJECTIVES We described local variations in the prevalence of childhood stunting at the second administrative level and its determinants in Nigeria after accounting for the influence of geospatial dependencies. METHODS This study used the 2018 national Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey datasets (NDHS; N = 12,627). We used a Bayesian geostatistical modelling approach to investigate the prevalence of stunting at the second administrative level and its proximal and contextual determinants among children under five years of age in Nigeria. RESULTS In 2018, the overall prevalence of childhood stunting in Nigeria was 41.5% (95% credible interval (CrI) from 26.4% to 55.7%). There were striking variations in the prevalence of stunting that ranged from 2.0% in Shomolu in Lagos State, Southern Nigeria to 66.4% in Biriniwa in Jigawa State, Northern Nigeria. Factors positively associated with stunting included being perceived as small at the time of birth and experience of three or more episodes of diarrhoea in the two weeks before the survey. Children whose mothers received a formal education and/or were overweight or obese were less likely to be stunted compared to their counterparts. Children who were from rich households, resided in households with improved cooking fuel, resided in urban centres, and lived in medium-rainfall geographic locations were also less likely to be stunted. CONCLUSION The study findings showed wide variations in childhood stunting in Nigeria, suggesting the need for a realignment of health services to the poorest regions of Northern Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedir Y. Ahmed
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Allen G. Ross
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Seada M. Hussien
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie 1145, Ethiopia
| | - Kingsley E. Agho
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Bolajoko O. Olusanya
- Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, 286A Corporation Drive, Dolphin Estate, Ikoyi, Lagos 101223, Nigeria
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Riverland Academy of Clinical Excellence (RACE), Riverland Mallee Coorong Local Health Network, SA Health|Government of South Australia, Berri, SA 5343, Australia
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25
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Hendrawan VSA, Komori D, Kim W. Possible factors determining global-scale patterns of crop yield sensitivity to drought. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281287. [PMID: 36730322 PMCID: PMC9894396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, droughts have critically limited crop production, inducing food system shocks regionally and globally. It was estimated that crop yield variability in around one-third to three-fourths of global harvested areas is explained significantly by drought, revealing the notable vulnerability of crop systems to such climate-related stressors. However, understanding the key factors determining the global pattern of crop yield sensitivity to drought is limited. Here, we investigate a wide range of physical and socioeconomic factors that may determine crop-drought vulnerability in terms of yield sensitivity to drought based on the Standardized Precipitation Index at 0.5° resolution from 1981 to 2016 using machine learning approaches. The results indicate that the spatial variations of the crop-drought sensitivity were mainly explained by environmental factors (i.e., annual precipitation, soil water-holding capacity, soil acidity, annual potential evapotranspiration) and crop management factors (i.e., fertilizer rate, growing season). Several factors might have a positive effect in mitigating crop-drought vulnerability, such as annual precipitation, soil water holding capacity, and fertilizer rate. This study quantitatively assesses the possible effect of various determinants which might control crop vulnerability to drought. This understanding may provide insights for further studies addressing better crop vulnerability measures under future drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vempi Satriya Adi Hendrawan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Komori
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wonsik Kim
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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26
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Miles A, Hoy C. Editorial: Achieving food system resilience and equity in the era of global environmental change. Front Sustain Food Syst 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1126013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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27
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Aschemann-Witzel J, Asioli D, Banovic M, Perito MA, Peschel AO, Stancu V. Defining upcycled food: The dual role of upcycling in reducing food loss and waste. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Rai AK, Basak N, Dixit AK, Rai SK, Das SK, Singh JB, Kumar S, Kumar TK, Chandra P, Sundha P, Bedwal S. Changes in soil microbial biomass and organic C pools improve the sustainability of perennial grass and legume system under organic nutrient management. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1173986. [PMID: 37152724 PMCID: PMC10160677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1173986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The perennial grass-legume cropping system benefits soil because of its high biomass turnover, cover cropping nature, and different foraging behaviors. We investigated the response of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and their stock to organic and inorganic nutrient management in the Guinea grass and legume (cowpea-Egyptian clover) cropping system. Methods Depth-wise soil samples were collected after harvesting the Egyptian clover. Based on the ease of oxidation with chromic acid, different pools of SOC oxidizable using the Walkley-Black C method, very labile, labile, less labile, non-labile; and dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and total organic C (TOC) in soils were analyzed for computing several indices of SOC. Result and discussion After 10 years of crop cycles, FYM and NPKF nutrient management recorded greater DOC, MBC, SOC stocks, and C sequestration than the NPK. Stocks of all SOC pools and carbon management index (CMI) decreased with soil depth. A significant improvement in CMI, stratification ratio, sensitivity indices, and sustainable yield index was observed under FYM and NPKF. This grass-legume intercropping system maintained a positive carbon balance sequestered at about 0.8Mg C ha-1 after 10 years without any external input. Approximately 44-51% of the applied carbon through manure was stabilized with SOC under this cropping system. The DOC, MBC, and SOC in passive pools were identified for predicting dry fodder yield. This study concludes that the application of organics in the perennial grass-legume inter cropping system can maintain long-term sustainability, enhance the C sequestration, and offset the carbon footprint of the farm enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Rai
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR–Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Nirmalendu Basak
- ICAR–Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
- *Correspondence: Nirmalendu Basak ;
| | - Anoop Kumar Dixit
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Anoop Kumar Dixit
| | - Suchit Kumar Rai
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Das
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - J. B. Singh
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T. Kiran Kumar
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR–Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Chandra
- ICAR–Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Sundha
- ICAR–Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Bedwal
- ICAR–Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Dutta TK, Phani V. The pervasive impact of global climate change on plant-nematode interaction continuum. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1143889. [PMID: 37089646 PMCID: PMC10118019 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1143889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pest profiles in today's global food production system are continually affected by climate change and extreme weather. Under varying climatic conditions, plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause substantial economic damage to a wide variety of agricultural and horticultural commodities. In parallel, their herbivory also accredit to diverse ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, allocation and turnover of plant biomass, shaping of vegetation community, and alteration of rhizospheric microorganism consortium by modifying the root exudation pattern. Thus PPNs, together with the vast majority of free-living nematodes, act as ecological drivers. Because of direct exposure to the open environment, PPN biology and physiology are largely governed by environmental factors including temperature, precipitation, humidity, atmospheric and soil carbon dioxide level, and weather extremes. The negative effects of climate change such as global warming, elevated CO2, altered precipitation and the weather extremes including heat waves, droughts, floods, wildfires and storms greatly influence the biogeographic range, distribution, abundance, survival, fitness, reproduction, and parasitic potential of the PPNs. Changes in these biological and ecological parameters associated to the PPNs exert huge impact on agriculture. Yet, depending on how adaptable the species are according to their geo-spatial distribution, the consequences of climate change include both positive and negative effects on the PPN communities. While assorting the effects of climate change as a whole, it can be estimated that the changing environmental factors, on one hand, will aggravate the PPN damage by aiding to abundance, distribution, reproduction, generation, plant growth and reduced plant defense, but the phenomena like sex reversal, entering cryptobiosis, and reduced survival should act in counter direction. This seemingly creates a contraposition effect, where assessing any confluent trend is difficult. However, as the climate change effects will differ according to space and time it is apprehensible that the PPNs will react and adapt according to their location and species specificity. Nevertheless, the bio-ecological shifts in the PPNs will necessitate tweaking their management practices from the agri-horticultural perspective. In this regard, we must aim for a 'climate-smart' package that will take care of the food production, pest prevention and environment protection. Integrated nematode management involving precise monitoring and modeling-based studies of population dynamics in relation to climatic fluctuations with escalated reliance on biocontrol, host resistance, and other safer approaches like crop rotation, crop scheduling, cover cropping, biofumigation, use of farmyard manure (FYM) would surely prove to be viable options. Although the novel nematicidal molecules are target-specific and relatively less harmful to the environment, their application should not be promoted following the global aim to reduce pesticide usage in future agriculture. Thus, having a reliable risk assessment with scenario planning, the adaptive management strategies must be designed to cope with the impending situation and satisfy the farmers' need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar K. Dutta
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Tushar K. Dutta, ;
| | - Victor Phani
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India
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Abbas M, Abid MA, Meng Z, Abbas M, Wang P, Lu C, Askari M, Akram U, Ye Y, Wei Y, Wang Y, Guo S, Liang C, Zhang R. Integrating advancements in root phenotyping and genome-wide association studies to open the root genetics gateway. Physiol Plant 2022; 174:e13787. [PMID: 36169590 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant adaptation to challenging environmental conditions around the world has made root growth and development an important research area for plant breeders and scientists. Targeted manipulation of root system architecture (RSA) to increase water and nutrient use efficiency can minimize the adverse effects of climate change on crop production. However, phenotyping of RSA is a major bottleneck since the roots are hidden in the soil. Recently the development of 2- and 3D root imaging techniques combined with the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have opened up new research tools to identify the genetic basis of RSA. These approaches provide a comprehensive understanding of the RSA, by accelerating the identification and characterization of genes involved in root growth and development. This review summarizes the latest developments in phenotyping techniques and GWAS for RSA, which are used to map important genes regulating various aspects of RSA under varying environmental conditions. Furthermore, we discussed about the state-of-the-art image analysis tools integrated with various phenotyping platforms for investigating and quantifying root traits with the highest phenotypic plasticity in both artificial and natural environments which were used for large scale association mapping studies, leading to the identification of RSA phenotypes and their underlying genetics with the greatest potential for RSA improvement. In addition, challenges in root phenotyping and GWAS are also highlighted, along with future research directions employing machine learning and pan-genomics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Abbas
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Abid
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manzar Abbas
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Askari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Umar Akram
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Ye
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiao Wei
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhong X, Wang J, Zhou L, Han Y, Li D, Wang N, Huang X, Zhu J, Yang Z. Mutation of glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase leads to thermosensitive genic male sterility in rice and Arabidopsis. Plant Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2023-2035. [PMID: 35781755 PMCID: PMC9491461 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) lines serve as the major genetic resource for two-line hybrid breeding in rice. However, their unstable sterility under occasional low temperatures in summer highly limits their application. In this study, we identified a novel rice TGMS line, ostms18, of cultivar ZH11 (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica). ostms18 sterility is more stable in summer than the TGMS line carrying the widely used locus tms5 in the ZH11 genetic background, suggesting its potential application for rice breeding. The ostms18 TGMS trait is caused by the point mutation from Gly to Ser in a glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase; knockout of the oxidoreductase was previously reported to cause complete male sterility. Cellular analysis revealed the pollen wall of ostms18 to be defective, leading to aborted pollen under high temperature. Further analysis showed that the tapetal transcription factor OsMS188 directly regulates OsTMS18 for pollen wall formation. Under low temperature, the flawed pollen wall in ostms18 is sufficient to protect its microspore, allowing for development of functional pollen and restoring fertility. We identified the orthologous gene in Arabidopsis. Although mutants for the gene were fertile under normal conditions (24°C), fertility was significantly reduced under high temperature (28°C), exhibiting a TGMS trait. A cellular mechanism integrated with genetic mutations and different plant species for fertility restoration of TGMS lines is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Fei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yue‐Ling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Xiang Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun‐Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dan‐Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Na Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xue‐Hui Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhong‐Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
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Quilcaille Y, Gudmundsson L, Beusch L, Hauser M, Seneviratne SI. Showcasing MESMER-X: Spatially Resolved Emulation of Annual Maximum Temperatures of Earth System Models. Geophys Res Lett 2022; 49:e2022GL099012. [PMID: 36245896 PMCID: PMC9541273 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl099012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Emulators of Earth System Models (ESMs) are complementary to ESMs by providing climate information at lower computational costs. Thus far, the emulation of spatially resolved climate extremes has only received limited attention, even though extreme events are one of the most impactful aspects of climate change. Here, we propose a method for the emulation of local annual maximum temperatures, with a focus on reproducing essential statistical properties such as correlations in space and time. We test different emulator configurations and find that driving the emulations with global mean surface temperature offers an optimal compromise between model complexity and performance. We show that the emulations can mimic the temporal evolution and spatial patterns of the underlying climate model simulations and are able to reproduce their natural variability. The general design and the good performance for annual maximum temperatures suggest that the proposed methodology can be applied to other climate extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Quilcaille
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate ScienceDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - L. Gudmundsson
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate ScienceDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - L. Beusch
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate ScienceDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Now at: Federal Office of Meteorology and ClimatologyMeteoSwissZurichSwitzerland
| | - M. Hauser
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate ScienceDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - S. I. Seneviratne
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate ScienceDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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33
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de Lange J, Nalley LL, Yang W, Shew A, de Steur H. The future of CRISPR gene editing according to plant scientists. iScience 2022; 25:105012. [PMID: 36093047 PMCID: PMC9460836 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study surveyed 669 plant scientists globally to elicit how (which outcomes of gene editing), where (which continent) and what (which crops) are most likely to benefit from CRISPR research and if there is a consensus about specific barriers to commercial adoption in agriculture. Further, we disaggregated public and private plant scientists to see if there was heterogeneity in their views of the future of CRISPR research. Our findings suggest that maize and soybeans are anticipated to benefit the most from CRISPR technology with fungus and virus resistance the most common vehicle for its implementation. Across the board, plant scientists viewed consumer perception/knowledge gap to be the most impeding barrier of CRISPR adoption. Although CRISPR has been hailed as a technology that can help alleviate food insecurity and improve agricultural sustainability, our study has shown that plant scientists believe there are some large concerns about the consumer perceptions of CRISPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job de Lange
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Lawton Lanier Nalley
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Aaron Shew
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Hans de Steur
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
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Hammad AT, Falchetta G. Probabilistic forecasting of remotely sensed cropland vegetation health and its relevance for food security. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156157. [PMID: 35618127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a world where climate change, population growth, and global diseases threaten economic access to food, policies and contingency plans can strongly benefit from reliable forecasts of agricultural vegetation health. To inform decisions, it is also crucial to quantify the forecasting uncertainty and prove its relevance for food security. Yet, in previous studies both these aspects have been largely overlooked. This paper develops a methodology to anticipate the agricultural Vegetation Health Index (VHI) while making the underlying prediction uncertainty explicit. To achieve this aim, a probabilistic machine learning framework modelling weather and climate determinants is introduced and implemented through Quantile Random Forests. In a second step, a statistical link between VHI forecasts and monthly food price variations is established. As a pilot implementation, the framework is applied to nine countries of South-East Asia (SEA) with consideration of national monthly rice prices. Model benchmarks show satisfactory accuracy metrics, suggesting that the probabilistic VHI predictions can provide decision-makers with reliable information about future cropland health and its impact on food price variation weeks or even months ahead, albeit with increasing uncertainty as the forecasting horizon grows. These results - ultimately allowing to anticipate the impact of weather shocks on household food expenditure - contribute to advancing the multidisciplinary literature linking vegetation health, probabilistic forecasting models, and food security policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Falchetta
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis,Schlossplatz, 1, Laxenburg A-2361, Austria; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia, RFF-CMCC European Institute on Economics and the Environment, Italy.
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Sarkar S, Mukherjee A, Senapati B, Duttagupta S. Predicting Potential Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Nitrate Pollution and Risk in an Intensely Cultivated Area of South Asia. ACS Environ Au 2022; 2:556-576. [PMID: 37101727 PMCID: PMC10125289 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the potential impacts of climate change is enhanced groundwater contamination by geogenic and anthropogenic contaminants. Such impacts should be most evident in areas with high land-use change footprint. Here, we provide a novel documentation of the impact on groundwater nitrate (GWNO3 ) pollution with and without climate change in one of the most intensely groundwater-irrigated areas of South Asia (northwest India) as a consequence of changes in land use and agricultural practices at present and predicted future times. We assessed the probabilistic risk of GWNO3 pollution considering climate changes under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), i.e., RCP 4.5 and 8.5 for 2030 and 2040, using a machine learning (Random Forest) framework. We also evaluated variations in GWNO3 distribution against a no climate change (NCC) scenario considering 2020 status quo climate conditions. The climate change projections showed that the annual temperatures would rise under both RCPs. The precipitation is predicted to rise by 5% under RCP 8.5 by 2040, while it would decline under RCP 4.5. The predicted scenarios indicate that the areas at high risk of GWNO3 pollution will increase to 49 and 50% in 2030 and 66 and 65% in 2040 under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. These predictions are higher compared to the NCC condition (43% in 2030 and 60% in 2040). However, the areas at high risk can decrease significantly by 2040 with restricted fertilizer usage, especially under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The risk maps identified the central, south, and southeastern parts of the study area to be at persistent high risk of GWNO3 pollution. The outcomes show that the climate factors may impose a significant influence on the GWNO3 pollution, and if fertilizer inputs and land uses are not managed properly, future climate change scenarios can critically impact the groundwater quality in highly agrarian areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Sarkar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Balaji Senapati
- Centre For Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Science (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Srimanti Duttagupta
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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36
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Wu E, Wang Y, Yang L, Zhao M, Zhan J. Elevating Air Temperature may Enhance Future Epidemic Risk of the Plant Pathogen Phytophthora infestans. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:808. [PMID: 36012796 PMCID: PMC9410326 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of pathogen adaptation to global warming is important for predicting future disease epidemics and food production in agricultural ecosystems; however, the patterns and mechanisms of such adaptation in many plant pathogens are poorly understood. Here, population genetics combined with physiological assays and common garden experiments were used to analyze the genetics, physiology, and thermal preference of pathogen aggressiveness in an evolutionary context using 140 Phytophthora infestans genotypes under five temperature regimes. Pathogens originating from warmer regions were more thermophilic and had a broader thermal niche than those from cooler regions. Phenotypic plasticity contributed ~10-fold more than heritability measured by genetic variance. Further, experimental temperatures altered the expression of genetic variation and the association of pathogen aggressiveness with the local temperature. Increasing experimental temperature enhanced the variation in aggressiveness. At low experimental temperatures, pathogens from warmer places produced less disease than those from cooler places; however, this pattern was reversed at higher experimental temperatures. These results suggest that geographic variation in the thermal preferences of pathogens should be included in modeling future disease epidemics in agricultural ecosystems in response to global warming, and greater attention should be paid to preventing the movement of pathogens from warmer to cooler places.
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37
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Wang H, Liu H, Ma R. Assessment and Prediction of Grain Production Considering Climate Change and Air Pollution in China. Sustainability 2022; 14:9088. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the spatial and temporal impacts of climate change on grain production in China. This is achieved by establishing a spatial error model consisting of four indicators: the climate, air pollution, economic behavior, and agricultural technology, covering 31 provinces in China from 2004 to 2020. These indicators are used to validate the spatial impacts of climate change on grain production. Air pollution data are used as instrumental variables to address the causality between climate and grain production. The regression results show that: First, climatic variables all have a non-linear “increasing then decreasing” effect on food production. Second, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 have a negative impact on grain production. Based on the model, changes in the climatic production potential of grain crops can be calculated, and the future spatial layout of climate production can also be predicted by using random forests. Studies have shown that the median value of China’s grain production potential is decreasing, and the low value is increasing.
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38
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Allipour Birgani R, Takian A, Djazayery A, Kianirad A, Pouraram H. Climate Change and Food Security Prioritizing Indices: Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Social Network Analysis (SNA). Sustainability 2022; 14:8494. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Food security and climate change are multidimensional issues. Therefore, a lack of knowledge about the most essential variables made these concepts more complex for decision-making and highlighted the need for credible decision support methods. Here, we aim to develop an accurate tool by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to explore the priority indicator of food security under climate change in Iran and social network analysis (SNA) to support decisions. The following steps were conducted for the AHP approach: a literature review, a Likert questionnaire and experts’ interviews for variable selection and the variables’ weight determination and prioritization by pairwise comparison questionnaire, designed based on the hierarchy matrix of the criteria and sub-criteria of food security and climate change. The SNA was employed to understand the robustness of the informants’ points of view for indicator selection. After the analysis, 61 criteria were extracted. Sustainability was the important criterion, weighted 0.248. The most important sub-criteria (indicators): groundwater sources, household income, underweight adolescent ratio, food wastage and an annual average of precipitation, weighted 0.095, 0.091, 0.125, 0.227 and 0.236, respectively. The SNA showed that professionals with academic origins focused on the sustainability component. The AHP tool is a credible technique to distinguish the most important criteria. The results might be employed to estimate or predict food security under climate change and simplify decision making in Iran.
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Kang M, Liu G, Zeng Y, Zhou J, Shi J, Tang L, Liu L, Cao W, Zhu Y, Liu B. Extreme Low-Temperature Stress Affects Nutritional Quality of Amino Acids in Rice. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:905348. [PMID: 35720539 PMCID: PMC9201379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has increased the frequency of extreme climate events, and their effects on the nutritional quality, especially on amino acids in rice, have not been quantified. The data from a 3-year low temperature stress (LTS) experiment including two rice varieties (Huaidao 5 and Nanjing 46), seven minimum/maximum temperature levels (one optimal 21/27°C and six LTS levels from 17/23 to 6/12°C), and three LTS durations (3, 6, and 9 days) after flowering, revealed significant interactive effects of LTS at different stages, durations, and temperature levels on the content and accumulation of amino acids. LTS increased rice total amino acid content, while decreasing its accumulation, with higher sensitivities to LTS at the flowering stage than at the grain filling stage. In most treatments, the lysine (the first limiting amino acid) and phenylalanine content were increased under LTS at early and peak flowering stages but decreased at the grain filling stage in both varieties, and only leucine content was increased at all three stages after flowering, while the content of other essential amino acids differed among the two varieties. With an increase of 1°C·d per day in the accumulated cold degree days, the relative content of the essential amino acids was increased by 0.01-0.41%, depending on the rice variety and growth stage. Our results suggest that LTS can improve nutritional quality of amino acids of rice grains in terms of amino acids content, especially at flowering stage. These results provide critical insights for assessing the potential impact of extreme climates on the nutrient quality of rice under future climate change.
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40
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Chen S, Liu W, Feng P, Ye T, Ma Y, Zhang Z. Improving Spatial Disaggregation of Crop Yield by Incorporating Machine Learning with Multisource Data: A Case Study of Chinese Maize Yield. Remote Sensing 2022; 14:2340. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Spatially explicit crop yield datasets with continuous long-term series are essential for understanding the spatiotemporal variation of crop yield and the impact of climate change on it. There are several spatial disaggregation methods to generate gridded yield maps, but these either use an oversimplified approach with only a couple of ancillary data or an overly complex approach with limited flexibility and scalability. This study developed a spatial disaggregation method using improved spatial weights generated from machine learning. When applied to Chinese maize yield, extreme gradient boosting (XGB) derived the best prediction results, with a cross-validation coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.81 at the municipal level. The disaggregated yield at 1 km grids could explain 54% of the variance of the county-level statistical yield, which is superior to the existing gridded maize yield dataset in China. At the site level, the disaggregated yields also showed much better agreement with observations than the existing gridded maize yield dataset. This lightweight method is promising for generating spatially explicit crop yield datasets with finer resolution and higher accuracy, and for providing necessary information for maize production risk assessment in China under climate change.
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Abstract
It is generally accepted that climate change is having a negative impact on food security. However, most of the literature variously focuses on the complex and many mechanisms linking climate stressors; the links with food production or productivity rather than food security; and future rather than current effects. In contrast, we investigate the extent to which current changes in food insecurity can be plausibly attributed to climate change. We combine food insecurity data for 83 countries from the FAO food insecurity experience scale (FIES) with reanalysed climate data from ERA5-Land, and use a panel data regression with time-varying coefficients. This framework allows us to estimate whether the relationship between food insecurity and temperature anomaly is changing over time. We also control for Human Development Index, and drought measured by six-month Standardized Precipitation Index. Our empirical findings suggest that for every 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$\end{document}∘C of temperature anomaly, severe global food insecurity has increased by 1.4% (95% CI 1.3–1.47) in 2014 but by 1.64% (95% CI 1.6–1.65) in 2019. This impact is higher in the case of moderate to severe food insecurity, with a 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$\end{document}∘C increase in temperature anomaly resulting in a 1.58% (95% CI 1.48–1.68) increase in 2014 but a 2.14% (95% CI 2.08–2.20) increase in 2019. Thus, the results show that the temperature anomaly has not only increased the probability of food insecurity, but the magnitude of this impact has increased over time. Our counterfactual analysis suggests that climate change has been responsible for reversing some of the improvements in food security that would otherwise have been realised, with the highest impact in Africa. Our analysis both provides more evidence of the costs of climate change, and as such the benefits of mitigation, and also highlights the importance of targeted and efficient policies to reduce food insecurity. These policies are likely to need to take into account local contexts, and might include efforts to increase crop yields, targeted safety nets, and behavioural programs to promote household resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouro Dasgupta
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), Venice, Italy. .,Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Venice, Italy. .,Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), London, UK.
| | - Elizabeth J Z Robinson
- Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), London, UK
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Fujimori S, Wu W, Doelman J, Frank S, Hristov J, Kyle P, Sands R, van Zeist WJ, Havlik P, Domínguez IP, Sahoo A, Stehfest E, Tabeau A, Valin H, van Meijl H, Hasegawa T, Takahashi K. Land-based climate change mitigation measures can affect agricultural markets and food security. Nat Food 2022; 3:110-121. [PMID: 37117964 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies have noted potential adverse impacts of land-related emissions mitigation strategies on food security, particularly due to food price increases-but without distinguishing these strategies' individual effects under different conditions. Using six global agroeconomic models, we show the extent to which three factors-non-CO2 emissions reduction, bioenergy production and afforestation-may change food security and agricultural market conditions under 2 °C climate-stabilization scenarios. Results show that afforestation (often simulated in the models by imposing carbon prices on land carbon stocks) could have a large impact on food security relative to non-CO2 emissions policies (generally implemented as emissions taxes). Respectively, these measures put an additional 41.9 million and 26.7 million people at risk of hunger in 2050 compared with the current trend scenario baseline. This highlights the need for better coordination in emissions reduction and agricultural market management policies as well as better representation of land use and associated greenhouse gas emissions in modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fujimori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan.
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Wenchao Wu
- Social Sciences Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Jonathan Doelman
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, the Netherlands
- Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Frank
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jordan Hristov
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Seville, Spain
| | - Page Kyle
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Sands
- Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Willem-Jan van Zeist
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Petr Havlik
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Elke Stehfest
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Andrzej Tabeau
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo Valin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Hans van Meijl
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, The Hague, the Netherlands
- Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
- College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takahashi
- Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C Köberle
- The Grantham Institute for Climate Change and the Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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44
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Xu J, Shen Y, Zheng Y, Smith G, Sun XS, Wang D, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Li Y. Duckweed (Lemnaceae) for potentially nutritious human food: A review. Food Reviews International 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2012800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Yanting Shen
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Gordon Smith
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Xiuzhi Susan Sun
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Fishers and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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