1
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Zhang W, Chen J, Gu J, Bartoli M, Domena JB, Zhou Y, C L B Ferreira B, Kirbas Cilingir E, McGee CM, Sampson R, Arduino C, Tagliaferro A, Leblanc RM. Nano-carrier for gene delivery and bioimaging based on pentaetheylenehexamine modified carbon dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 639:180-192. [PMID: 36805743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties and applications, especially the use for gene delivery. Considering the risks and concerns involved in the use of viral vectors for gene delivery in vivo, non-viral vectors such as CDs have gradually become an ideal alternative due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity. Therefore, in this study, the potential to apply CDs as a non-viral vector for gene delivery was investigated. The CDs were prepared using citric acid and pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) as precursors via a one-step microwave-mediated approach. The optical, structural, and morphological properties of PEHA-derived CDs (PCDs) were characterized by ultra-violet spectroscopy (UV-vis), photoluminescence (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential, circular dichroism spectrometry, atomic force (AFM) and transmission electron microscopies (TEM). The analysis demonstrated that the as-prepared PCDs were rich in amine groups and were positively charged. Subsequently, gel retardation assay showed that PCDs could non-covalently bind with DNA at a mass ratio of 2:1 (PCDs: DNA). Additionally, PCDs possessed a tremendously lower cytotoxicity compared with polyethylenimine (PEI), a popular precursor/dopant for many CDs preparations, and their plasmid composite showed a high transfection efficiency. Meanwhile, PCDs were also observed to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by using a zebrafish model. In conclusion, these results significantly indicate that PCDs are a potential non-viral nucleic acid/gene vector to gene therapy. Also, PCDs can be utilized in drug delivery for treating brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Jiuyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Mattia Bartoli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - Justin B Domena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; C-Dots, LLC, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | | | - Caitlin M McGee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | - Chiara Arduino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; C-Dots, LLC, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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2
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Liu F, Ding N, Huo D, Yang G, Wei K, Guan G, Li Y, Yang J, Wang T, Wang Y, Tan J, Zeng W, Zhu C. Surface-Engineered Monocyte Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Destabilization via Graphene Quantum Dot-Mediated MicroRNA Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900386. [PMID: 31168947 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaque is the cause of the high mortality and morbidity rates that accompany atherosclerosis-associated diseases. MicroRNAs can regulate the expression of a variety of atherosclerotic inflammation-related genes in macrophages. There are currently no definitive methods for delivering microRNAs into the interior of plaque. Monocytes typically possess a pathological feature that allows them to be recruited to atherosclerotic plaque resulting in rupture-prone; however, whether monocytes can be modified to be gene carriers remains unclear. In this study, a novel monocyte surface-engineered gene-delivery system based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is developed. Briefly, GQDs-microRNA223 linked by disulfide bonds are grafted onto the monocyte membrane via a carefully designed C18-peptide (C18P) containing a hydrophobic end to afford the designed monocyte-C18P-GQDs-miR223 architecture. The system can reach and enter the interior of the plaque and release the GQDs-miRNA via C18P digestion. The released GQDs-miRNA are taken up by the macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, and the disulfide linkages between the GQDs and the miRNA are cleaved through γ-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) in the lysosome. Under the protection of GQDs, miRNA cargos are transfected into the cytosol and subsequently undergo nuclear translocation, allowing a significantly reduced plaque burden by regulating inflammatory response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feila Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Da Huo
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guanyuan Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Keyu Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ge Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanzhao Li
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tianran Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yeqin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ju Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Anatomy, National & Regional Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Key Lab for Biomechanics of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Anatomy, National & Regional Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Key Lab for Biomechanics of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Anatomy, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, burn and Combined injury, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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3
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Qiu J, Kong L, Cao X, Li A, Wei P, Wang L, Mignani S, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Shi X. Enhanced Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA into Glioblastoma Cells Using Dendrimer-Entrapped Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with β-Cyclodextrin. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E131. [PMID: 29495429 PMCID: PMC5869622 DOI: 10.3390/nano8030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a safe and highly effective non-viral vector system based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-modified dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) for improved delivery small interfering RNA (siRNA) to glioblastoma cells. In our approach, we utilized amine-terminated generation 5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers partially grafted with β-CD as a nanoreactor to entrap Au NPs. The acquired β-CD-modified Au DENPs (Au DENPs-β-CD) were complexed with two different types of therapeutic siRNA (B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) siRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) siRNA). The siRNA compression ability of the Au DENPs-β-CD was evaluated by various methods. The cytocompatibility of the vector/siRNA polyplexes was assessed by viability assay of cells. The siRNA transfection capability of the formed Au DENPs-β-CD vector was evaluated by flow cytometric assay of the cellular uptake of the polyplexes and Western blot assays of the Bcl-2 and VEGF protein expression. Our data reveals that the formed Au DENPs-β-CD carrier enables efficiently delivery of siRNA to glioma cells, has good cytocompatibility once complexed with the siRNA, and enables enhanced gene silencing to inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF proteins. The developed Au DENPs-β-CD vector may be used for efficient siRNA delivery to different biosystems for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Lingdan Kong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xueyan Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Aijun Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, rue des Saints Peres, 75006 Paris, France.
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
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Chen F, Kong L, Wang L, Fan Y, Shen M, Shi X. Construction of core-shell tecto dendrimers based on supramolecular host-guest assembly for enhanced gene delivery. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8459-8466. [PMID: 32264513 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02585h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Design of dendrimer-based nanoarchitectures for enhanced gene delivery still remains a great challenge. Here, we report the design of core-shell tecto dendrimers using a supramolecular assembly approach for enhanced gene delivery applications. Firstly, β-cyclodextrin (CD)-modified generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (G5-CD) and adamantine (Ad)-modified generation 3 (G3) PAMAM dendrimers (G3-Ad) both having amine termini were synthesized. Through the supramolecular recognition of CD and Ad, G5-CD/Ad-G3 core-shell tecto dendrimers with a G5 core and G3 shell were formed. The formed G5-CD/Ad-G3 core-shell tecto dendrimers with a size of 8.4 nm possess good monodispersity, well-defined three-dimensional structure, and quite low cytotoxicity. Importantly, with the abundant amines on the surface, the core-shell tecto dendrimers are able to transfect the luciferase (Luc) gene with an efficiency 20 times and 170 times higher than the G5-CD and G3-Ad dendrimers, respectively. The higher gene transfection efficiency can also be qualitatively confirmed by transfection of plasmid DNA encoding enhanced green fluorescence protein. Our results suggest that the developed G5-CD/Ad-G3 core-shell tecto dendrimers may be used as a promising vehicle for enhanced gene transfection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
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Qiu J, Kong L, Cao X, Li A, Tan H, Shi X. Dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles modified with β-cyclodextrin for enhanced gene delivery applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03839e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles modified with β-cyclodextrin can be synthesized and used as a non-viral vector for enhanced gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lingdan Kong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hongru Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The key impediment to the successful application of gene therapy in clinics is not the paucity of therapeutic genes. It is rather the lack of nontoxic and efficient strategies to transfer therapeutic genes into target cells. Over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in gene transfer technologies, and thus far, three different delivery systems have been developed with merits and demerits characterizing each system. Viral and chemical methods of gene transfer utilize specialized carrier to overcome membrane barrier and facilitate gene transfer into cells. Physical methods, on the other hand, utilize various forms of mechanical forces to enforce gene entry into cells. Starting in 1980s, physical methods have been introduced as alternatives to viral and chemical methods to overcome various extra- and intracellular barriers that limit the amount of DNA reaching the intended cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that it is quite feasible to directly translocate genes into cytoplasm or even nuclei of target cells by means of mechanical force, bypassing endocytosis, a common pathway for viral and nonviral vectors. Indeed, several methods have been developed, and the majority of them share the same underlying mechanism of gene transfer, i.e., physically created transient pores in cell membrane through which genes get into cells. Here, we provide an overview of the current status and future research directions in the field of physical methods of gene transfer.
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7
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Cova E, Colombo M, Inghilleri S, Morosini M, Miserere S, Peñaranda-Avila J, Santini B, Piloni D, Magni S, Gramatica F, Prosperi D, Meloni F. Antibody-engineered nanoparticles selectively inhibit mesenchymal cells isolated from patients with chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 10:9-23. [PMID: 24559038 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic lung allograft dysfunction represents the main cause of death after lung transplantation, and so far there is no effective therapy. Mesenchymal cells (MCs) are primarily responsible for fibrous obliteration of small airways typical of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Here, we engineered gold nanoparticles containing a drug in the hydrophobic section to inhibit MCs, and exposing on the outer hydrophilic surface a monoclonal antibody targeting a MC-specific marker (half-chain gold nanoparticles with everolimus). MATERIALS & METHODS Half-chain gold nanoparticles with everolimus have been synthesized and incubated with MCs to evaluate the effect on proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Drug-loaded gold nanoparticles coated with the specific antibody were able to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis without stimulating an inflammatory response, as assessed by in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our nanoparticles in inhibiting MCs and open new perspectives for a local treatment of chronic lung allograft dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Cova
- Clinica di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico S Matteo, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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8
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Zhang D, Das DB, Rielly CD. Potential of microneedle-assisted micro-particle delivery by gene guns: a review. Drug Deliv 2013; 21:571-87. [PMID: 24313864 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.864345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Gene guns have been used to deliver deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) loaded micro-particle and breach the muscle tissue to target cells of interest to achieve gene transfection. OBJECTIVE This article aims to discuss the potential of microneedle (MN) assisted micro-particle delivery from gene guns, with a view to reducing tissue damage. METHODS Using a range of sources, the main gene guns for micro-particle delivery are reviewed along with the primary features of their technology, e.g. their design configurations, the material selection of the micro-particle, the driving gas type and pressure. Depending on the gene gun system, the achieved penetration depths in the skin are discussed as a function of the gas pressure, the type of the gene gun system and particle size, velocity and density. The concept of MN-assisted micro-particles delivery which consists of three stages (namely, acceleration, separation and decoration stage) is discussed. In this method, solid MNs are inserted into the skin to penetrate the epidermis/dermis layer and create holes for particle injection. Several designs of MN array are discussed and the insertion mechanism is explored, as it determines the feasibility of the MN-based system for particle transfer. RESULTS This review suggests that one of the problems of gene guns is that they need high operating pressures, which may result in direct or indirect tissue/cells damage. MNs seem to be a promising method which if combined with the gene guns may reduce the operating pressures for these devices and reduce tissue/cell damages. CONCLUSIONS There is sufficient potential for MN-assisted particle delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Loughborough, Leicestershire , UK
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9
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Gene therapy and DNA delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2013; 459:70-83. [PMID: 24286924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising new technique for treating many serious incurable diseases, such as cancer and genetic disorders. The main problem limiting the application of this strategy in vivo is the difficulty of transporting large, fragile and negatively charged molecules like DNA into the nucleus of the cell without degradation. The key to success of gene therapy is to create safe and efficient gene delivery vehicles. Ideally, the vehicle must be able to remain in the bloodstream for a long time and avoid uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system, in order to ensure its arrival at the desired targets. Moreover, this carrier must also be able to transport the DNA efficiently into the cell cytoplasm, avoiding lysosomal degradation. Viral vehicles are the most commonly used carriers for delivering DNA and have long been used for their high efficiency. However, these vehicles can trigger dangerous immunological responses. Scientists need to find safer and cheaper alternatives. Consequently, the non-viral carriers are being prepared and developed until techniques for encapsulating DNA can be found. This review highlights gene therapy as a new promising technique used to treat many incurable diseases and the different strategies used to transfer DNA, taking into account that introducing DNA into the cell nucleus without degradation is essential for the success of this therapeutic technique.
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Meacham JM, Durvasula K, Degertekin FL, Fedorov AG. Physical methods for intracellular delivery: practical aspects from laboratory use to industrial-scale processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:1-18. [PMID: 23813915 DOI: 10.1177/2211068213494388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective intracellular delivery is a significant impediment to research and therapeutic applications at all processing scales. Physical delivery methods have long demonstrated the ability to deliver cargo molecules directly to the cytoplasm or nucleus, and the mechanisms underlying the most common approaches (microinjection, electroporation, and sonoporation) have been extensively investigated. In this review, we discuss established approaches, as well as emerging techniques (magnetofection, optoinjection, and combined modalities). In addition to operating principles and implementation strategies, we address applicability and limitations of various in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo platforms. Importantly, we perform critical assessments regarding (1) treatment efficacy with diverse cell types and delivered cargo molecules, (2) suitability to different processing scales (from single cell to large populations), (3) suitability for automation/integration with existing workflows, and (4) multiplexing potential and flexibility/adaptability to enable rapid changeover between treatments of varied cell types. Existing techniques typically fall short in one or more of these criteria; however, introduction of micro-/nanotechnology concepts, as well as synergistic coupling of complementary method(s), can improve performance and applicability of a particular approach, overcoming barriers to practical implementation. For this reason, we emphasize these strategies in examining recent advances in development of delivery systems.
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Kumar D, Meenan BJ, Dixon D. Glutathione-mediated release of Bodipy® from PEG cofunctionalized gold nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4007-22. [PMID: 22915847 PMCID: PMC3418179 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles synthesized via sodium citrate reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) were functionalized with either various concentrations of thiol-terminated Bodipy® FL L-cystine (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 μg/mL) or Bodipy-poly(ethylene glycol) at concentrations of 0.5–18.75, 1.0–12.50, and 1.5–6.25 μg/mL to form a mixed monolayer of BODIPY-PEG. Thiol-terminated Bodipy, a fluorescing molecule, was used as the model drug, while PEG is widely used in drug-delivery applications to shield nanoparticles from unwanted immune responses. Understanding the influence of PEG-capping on payload release is critical because it is the most widely used type of nanoparticle functionalization in drug delivery studies. It has been previously reported that glutathione can trigger release of thiol-bound payloads from gold nanoparticles. Bodipy release from Bodipy capped and from Bodipy-PEG functionalized gold nanoparticles was studied at typical intracellular glutathione levels. It was observed that the addition of PEG capping inhibits the initial burst release observed in gold nanoparticles functionalized only with Bodipy and inhibits nanoparticle aggregation. Efficient and controlled payload release was observed in gold nanoparticles cofunctionalized with only a limited amount of PEG, thus enabling the coattachment of large amounts of drug, targeting groups or other payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, University of Ulster, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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12
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Applications of Inorganic Nanoparticles for Biotechnology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415769-9.00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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13
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Improved GFP gene transfection mediated by polyamidoamine dendrimer-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with high biocompatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 84:206-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Improving the transfection efficiencies of nonviral gene delivery requires properly engineered nanoscaled delivery carriers that can overcome the multiple barriers associated with the delivery of oligonucleotides from the site of administration to the nucleus or cytoplasm of the target cell. This article reviews the current advantages and limitation of polyplex nonviral delivery systems, including the apparent barriers that limit gene expression efficiency compared to physical methods such as hydrodynamic dosing and electroporation. An emphasis is placed on engineered nanoscaled polyplexes (NSPs) of modular design that both self-assemble and systematically disassemble at the desired stage of delivery. It is suggested that NSPs of increasingly sophisticated designs are necessary to improve the efficiency of the rate limiting steps in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Fernandez
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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15
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Villemejane J, Mir LM. Physical methods of nucleic acid transfer: general concepts and applications. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:207-19. [PMID: 19154421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical methods of gene (and/or drug) transfer need to combine two effects to deliver the therapeutic material into cells. The physical methods must induce reversible alterations in the plasma membrane to allow the direct passage of the molecules of interest into the cell cytosol. They must also bring the nucleic acids in contact with the permeabilized plasma membrane or facilitate access to the inside of the cell. These two effects can be achieved in one or more steps, depending upon the methods employed. In this review, we describe and compare several physical methods: biolistics, jet injection, hydrodynamic injection, ultrasound, magnetic field and electric pulse mediated gene transfer. We describe the physical mechanisms underlying these approaches and discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach as well as its potential application in research or in preclinical and clinical trials. We also provide conclusions, comparisons, and projections for future developments. While some of these methods are already in use in man, some are still under development or are used only within clinical trials for gene transfer. The possibilities offered by these methods are, however, not restricted to the transfer of genes and the complementary uses of these technologies are also discussed. As these methods of gene transfer may bypass some of the side effects linked to viral or biochemical approaches, they may find their place in specific clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Villemejane
- CNRS, UMR 8121, Institut Gustave Roussy PR2, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, Villejuif Cedex, France
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16
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Kamimura K, Liu D. Physical approaches for nucleic acid delivery to liver. AAPS JOURNAL 2008; 10:589-95. [PMID: 19083101 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-008-9067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a key organ for numerous metabolic pathways and involves many inherited diseases that, although being different in their pathology, are often caused by lack or overproduction of a critical gene product in the diseased cells. In principle, a straightforward method to fix such problem is to introduce into these cells with a gene-coding sequence to provide the missing gene product or with the nucleic acid sequence to inhibit production of the excessive gene product. Practically, however, success of nucleic acid-based pharmaceutics is dependent on the availability of a method capable of delivering nucleic acid sequence in the form of DNA or RNA to liver cells. In this review, we will summarize the progress toward the development of physical methods for nucleic acid delivery to the liver. Emphasis is placed on the mechanism of action, pros, and cons of each method developed so far. We hope the information provided will encourage new endeavor to improve the current methodologies or develop new strategies that will lead to safe and effective delivery of nucleic acids to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Kamimura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 527 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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Wang ZY, Zhao Y, Ren L, Jin LH, Sun LP, Yin P, Zhang YF, Zhang QQ. Novel gelatin-siloxane nanoparticles decorated by Tat peptide as vectors for gene therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:445103. [PMID: 21832720 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/44/445103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In principle, the technique of gene delivery involves taking complete or parts of genes that can code specific messages and delivering them to selected cells in the body. Such a transfer of plasmid DNA into mammalian cells has posed major challenges for gene therapy. A series of gelatin-siloxane nanoparticles (GS NPs) with controlled size and surface charge were synthesized through a two-step sol-gel process. In order to increase the efficiency of cellular uptake, HIV-derived Tat peptide was further grafted to GS NPs. In vitro co-location and endocytosis inhibition experiments suggested that the as-synthesized TG NPs may enter HeLa cells via a combined pathway of lipid-raft- and receptor-dependent endocytosis, and only cause little cell damage. Moreover, this study shows the encapsulation of a plasmid DNA in TG NPs to be obtained as a non-viral gene vector. This kind of encapsulation provides complete protection to the plasmid DNA from the external DNase and serum environment, and generates the hope that the resulting formulation can be developed into a potential vector for effective gene delivery. In order to check this potential, the reporter gene pSVβ-gal was encapsulated, and in vitro transfection efficiency of this system was found to be nearly 130% compared to the commercially available transfection reagent Lipofectamine™.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yong Wang
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Xi X, Yang F, Chen D, Luo Y, Zhang D, Gu N, Wu J. A targeting drug-delivery model via interactions among cells and liposomes under ultrasonic excitation. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:3251-65. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/12/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Kawakami S, Higuchi Y, Hashida M. Nonviral approaches for targeted delivery of plasmid DNA and oligonucleotide. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:726-45. [PMID: 17823947 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Successful gene therapy depends on the development of efficient delivery systems. Although pDNA and ODN are novel candidates for nonviral gene therapy, their clinical applications are generally limited owing to their rapid degradation by nucleases in serum and rapid clearance. A great deal of effort had been devoted to developing gene delivery systems, including physical methods and carrier-mediated methods. Both methods could improve transfection efficacy and achieve high gene expression in vitro and in vivo. As for carrier-mediated delivery in vivo, since gene expression depends on the particle size, charge ratio, and interaction with blood components, these factors must be optimized. Furthermore, a lack of cell-selectivity limits the wide application to gene therapy; therefore, the use of ligand-modified carriers is a promising strategy to achieve well-controlled gene expression in target cells. In this review, we will focus on the in vivo targeted delivery of pDNA and ODN using nonviral carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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21
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Rimann M, Lühmann T, Textor M, Guerino B, Ogier J, Hall H. Characterization of PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles for the delivery of therapeutic DNA. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:548-57. [PMID: 18173226 DOI: 10.1021/bc7003439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Local and controlled DNA release is a critical issue in current gene therapy. As viral gene delivery systems are associated with severe security problems, nonviral gene delivery vehicles were developed. Here, DNA-nanoparticles using grafted copolymers of PLL and PEG to increase their biocompatibility and stealth properties were systematically studied. Ten different PLL-based polymers with no, low, and high PEG grafting and PEG molecular weights as well as different PLL backbone lengths were complexed with plasmids containing 3200 to 10,100 base pairs. Stable complexes were formed and selected for cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency. Predominantly, PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles grafted with 4 or 5% PEG moieties of 5 kDa transfected 40% COS-7 cells without reduction of cell viability when formed at N/P ratios between 0.1 and 12.5. The molecular weight of PLL did not significantly affect transfection efficiency or cytotoxicity indicating that a specific cationic charge-density-to-PEG-ratio is important for efficient transfection and low cytotoxicity. The PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles were spherical with a diameter of approximately 100 nm and did not aggregate over 2 weeks. Moreover, they protected included plasmid DNA against serum components and DNase I digestion. Therefore, such storage stable and versatile PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles might be useful to deliver differently sized therapeutic DNA for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rimann
- Cells and BioMaterials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Sperling RA, Rivera Gil P, Zhang F, Zanella M, Parak WJ. Biological applications of gold nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:1896-908. [DOI: 10.1039/b712170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1408] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Wagstaff KM, Jans DA. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of DNA: enhancing non-viral gene transfer. Biochem J 2007; 406:185-202. [PMID: 17680778 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy, the correction of dysfunctional or deleted genes by supplying the lacking component, has long been awaited as a means to permanently treat or reverse many genetic disorders. To achieve this, therapeutic DNA must be delivered to the nucleus of cells using a safe and efficient delivery vector. Although viral-based vectors have been utilized extensively due to their innate ability to deliver DNA to intact cells, safety considerations, such as pathogenicity, oncogenicity and the stimulation of an immunological response in the host, remain problematical. There has, however, been much progress in the development of safe non-viral gene-delivery vectors, although they remain less efficient than the viral counterparts. The major limitations of non-viral gene transfer reside in the fact that it must be tailored to overcome the intracellular barriers to DNA delivery that viruses already master, including the cellular and nuclear membranes. In particular, nuclear transport of the therapeutic DNA is known to be the rate-limiting step in the gene-delivery process. Despite this, much progress had been made in recent years in developing novel means to overcome these barriers and efficiently deliver DNA to the nuclei of intact cells. This review focuses on the nucleocytoplasmic delivery of DNA and mechanisms to enhance to non-viral-mediated gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie M Wagstaff
- Nuclear Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Pringle IA, McLachlan G, Collie DDS, Sumner-Jones SG, Lawton AE, Tennant P, Baker A, Gordon C, Blundell R, Varathalingam A, Davies LA, Schmid RA, Cheng SH, Porteous DJ, Gill DR, Hyde SC. Electroporation enhances reporter gene expression following delivery of naked plasmid DNA to the lung. J Gene Med 2007; 9:369-80. [PMID: 17410613 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing methods of non-viral airway gene transfer suffer from low levels of efficiency. Electroporation has been used to enhance gene transfer in a range of tissues. Here we assess the usefulness of electroporation for enhancing gene transfer in the lungs of mice and sheep. METHODS Naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) expressing either luciferase or green fluorescent protein (GFP) was delivered to mouse lungs by instillation. Following surgical visualisation, the lungs were directly electroporated and the level and duration of luciferase activity was assessed and cell types that were positive for GFP were identified in lung cryosections. Naked pDNA was nebulised to the sheep lung and electrodes attached to the tip of a bronchoscope were used to electroporate airway segment bifurcations, Luciferase activity was assessed in electroporated and control non-electroporated regions, after 24 h. RESULTS Following delivery of naked pDNA to the mouse lung, electroporation resulted in up to 400-fold higher luciferase activity than naked pDNA alone when luciferase was under the control of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Following delivery of a plasmid containing the human polyubiquitin C (UbC) promoter, electroporation resulted in elevated luciferase activity for at least 28 days. Visualisation of GFP indicated that electroporation resulted in increased GFP detection compared with non-electroporated controls. In the sheep lung electroporation of defined sites in the airways resulted in luciferase activity 100-fold greater than naked pDNA alone. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that electroporation can be used to enhance gene transfer in the lungs of mice and sheep without compromising the duration of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Pringle
- GeneMedicine Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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25
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Jaichandran S, Yap STB, Khoo ABM, Ho LP, Tien SL, Kon OL. In Vivo Liver Electroporation: Optimization and Demonstration of Therapeutic Efficacy. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 17:362-75. [PMID: 16544985 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse effects (death and leukemogenesis) from viral vector-mediated gene therapy have renewed interest in plasmids as safer, more scalable, simple, and cost-effective vectors. Electroporation and hydrodynamic delivery are two techniques that improve the efficiency of plasmid-mediated gene transfer. The liver is a good tissue platform for targeted transfer of therapeutically relevant genes for correction of metabolic disorders, for example, hemophilia A. However, in vivo electroporation of liver has not yet been shown to achieve therapeutic efficacy of systemically active, secreted transgenic proteins. We have investigated the effect of field strength, pulse duration, pulse number, electrical waveforms, electrode contact area, plasmid administration routes, and injection technique on the efficiency of in vivo electrotransfer of naked plasmid to liver. Plasmid injection into a systemic vein was superior to intrahepatic injection. Unlike in vivo muscle electroporation, high-voltage pulses and microsecond pulses offered no advantage. Optimal electroporation conditions were 8-10 uni- or bipolar pulses of 20 msec, each at 250 V/cm. Using a nonhydrodynamic technique that greatly enhanced electrotransfer efficiency with minimal tissue injury, we demonstrate for the first time that liverdirected in vivo electroporation of factor VIII cDNA achieved significant phenotypic correction in hemophilic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jaichandran
- National Cancer Centre, Division of Medical Sciences, Singapore 169610, Republic of Singapore
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26
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Jaichandran S, Yap ST, Khoo AB, Ho LP, Tien SL, Kon OL. In Vivo Liver Electroporation: Optimization and Demonstration of Therapeutic Efficacy. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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27
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Gao L, Nie L, Wang T, Qin Y, Guo Z, Yang D, Yan X. Carbon Nanotube Delivery of the GFP Gene into Mammalian Cells. Chembiochem 2005; 7:239-42. [PMID: 16370018 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200500227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizeng Gao
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Beijing 100101, China
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28
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Shirkhanzadeh M. Microneedles coated with porous calcium phosphate ceramics: effective vehicles for transdermal delivery of solid trehalose. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2005; 16:37-45. [PMID: 15754142 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-6444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2004] [Accepted: 05/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose (alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) is recognized as a promising fast-dissolving solid reservoir capable of stabilizing the native structure of proteins and suitable for loading with a wide variety of bioactive substances. Currently, there is a growing interest in developing cost-effective methods for immobilizing solid trehalose on arrays of microneedles for delivering protein-based and DNA-based vaccine to the epidermis. In the present work, micro-porous calcium phosphate coatings were used to provide a biocompatible interface with a large surface area for the effective immobilization of trehalose on microneedles. Calcium phosphate coatings with varying degrees of porosity were electrochemically synthesized on the tips of stainless steel acupuncture needles and loaded with solid trehalose. Skin experiments were designed to determine the ability of micro-porous calcium phosphate coatings to deliver solid trehalose into epidermis without breaking during insertion. The mechanical performance of the coatings was assessed by inserting the tips of the coated needles into human skin to an average depth of 100-300 microm and then removing them for analysis by scanning electron microscopy. Microporous calcium phosphate coatings loaded with trehalose effectively breached the stratum corneum and allowed direct access to the epidermis without breaking and without stimulating nerves in deeper tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shirkhanzadeh
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Nicol Hall, 60 Union Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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29
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Liu F, Tyagi P. Naked DNA for Liver Gene Transfer. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2005; 54:43-64. [PMID: 16096007 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(05)54003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The majority of acquired and inherited genetic disorders, including most inborn errors of metabolism, are manifested in the liver. Therefore, it is hardly any surprise to see a large number of Medline reports describing gene therapy efforts in preclinical settings directed toward this organ (Inoue et al., 2004; Oka and Chen, 2004). Of late, non-viral vectors have garnered a lot of attention from the biomedical research community engaged in liver gene therapy (Gupta et al., 2004). However, the first initiative toward gene transfer to the liver using a non-viral approach was taken by Hickman et al. (1994), who applied the technique of naked DNA injection pioneered by Wolff (1990) for skeletal muscle. Direct injection of naked DNA resulted in low, variable and localized gene expression in the rat liver. Consequently, several developments reported in the literature since then aimed to improve hepatic gene expression by employing both surgical and nonsurgical methods. These developments include the exploitation of the unique vasculature of liver as well as the use of electric and mechanical force as an adjunct to the systemic administration of the naked plasmid gene. This chapter focuses on these developments reported from various laboratories, including ours. In addition, the underlying mechanism responsible for the dramatic increase in gene expression using these latest approaches for non-viral gene transfer to the liver is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Kankkonen HM, Vähäkangas E, Marr RA, Pakkanen T, Laurema A, Leppänen P, Jalkanen J, Verma IM, Ylä-Herttuala S. Long-Term Lowering of Plasma Cholesterol Levels in LDL-Receptor-Deficient WHHL Rabbits by Gene Therapy. Mol Ther 2004; 9:548-56. [PMID: 15093185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2003] [Accepted: 01/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors encoding rabbit low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of a liver-specific promoter (LSP) were used for intraportal gene transfer into the liver of hypercholesterolemic LDLR-deficient Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic rabbits. In vitro cell culture analysis demonstrated functionality of the LSP-LDLR vector in mediating increased degradation of LDL in transduced liver cells. Twenty-five rabbits were each injected with 1 x 10(9) infectious virus particles into the portal vein. Liver biopsy samples were collected 4 weeks after the gene transfer and the rabbits were followed up for 2 years. Histological and RT-PCR analyses showed the expression of GFP and LDLR transgenes in the biopsy samples. Clinical chemistry and histological analyses revealed normal liver function and morphology during the 2-year follow-up with no safety issues. LSP-LDLR-treated rabbits demonstrated an average of 14 +/- 7% decrease in serum cholesterol levels during the first 4 weeks, 44 +/- 8% decrease at 1 year, and 34 +/- 10% decrease at the 2-year time point compared to the control rabbits. This study demonstrates the safety and potential benefits of the third-generation liver-specific lentiviral vectors in the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia using direct intraportal liver gene therapy without the need for liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Kankkonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Kuopio, Neulaniementie 2, FIN-70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Abstract
Transmembrane proteases (TPs) are proteins anchored in the plasma membrane with their catalytic site exposed to the external surface of the membrane. TPs are widely expressed, and their dysregulated expression is associated with cancer, infection, inflammation, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases, all diseases where angiogenesis is part of the pathology. TPs participate in extracellular proteolysis (degradation of extracellular matrix components, regulation of chemokine activity, release of membrane-anchored cytokines, cytokine receptors and adhesion molecules) and influence cell functions (growth, secretion of angiogenic molecules, motility). Recent attention has been focused on the ADAM-17 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease)/TACE/CD156q, the MT1-MMP (membrane-type-1 matrix metallo proteinase)/MMP-14, and the ectopeptidases aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE/CD143), that appear to have a critical role in angiogenesis. This article summarizes current knowledge on these TPs, and reviews recent investigations that document their participation during angiogenic-related events. Through their multiple roles, TPs may thereby provide critical links in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bauvois
- Brigitte Bauvois, Unité 507 INSERM, Hôpital Necker, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 161 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
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Huber PE, Mann MJ, Melo LG, Ehsan A, Kong D, Zhang L, Rezvani M, Peschke P, Jolesz F, Dzau VJ, Hynynen K. Focused ultrasound (HIFU) induces localized enhancement of reporter gene expression in rabbit carotid artery. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1600-7. [PMID: 12907952 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of accurate, safe, and efficient gene delivery remains a major challenge towards the realization of gene therapeutic prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the ability of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), a form of mechanical wave transmission, to act as a noninvasive tool for the enhancement of in vivo gene transfer into rabbit carotid arteries. Segments of the common carotid arteries of New Zealand white rabbits were isolated and infused with plasmid DNA encoding the reporter beta-galactosidase either with or without the addition of ultrasound contrast agent consisting of small (approximately 2-5 microm) gas-filled human albumin microspheres to augment cavitation. Infused arteries were exposed to pulsed ultrasound for 1 min (frequency 0.85 MHz, burst length 50 ms, repetition frequency 1 Hz, duration 60 s, peak pressure amplitude of 15 MPa). At 6.3 MPa, HIFU enhanced gene expression eight-fold, and 17.5-fold in the presence of contrast. We found increasing amounts of beta-galactosidase expression in the carotid vessel with increasing pressure amplitude. This dose-response relation was present with and without contrast. Without contrast, no vessel damage was detected up to 15 MPa, while the addition of contrast induced side effects above a threshold of 6.3 MPa peak pressure. The entire procedure was feasible and safe for the animals, and the results suggest that HIFU has the potential to assist in the noninvasive spatial regulation of gene transfer into the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Huber
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Womens' Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Garrity-Moses ME, Liu JK, Boulis NM. Molecular biology and gene therapy in the treatment of chronic pain. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2003; 14:419-35. [PMID: 14567143 DOI: 10.1016/s1042-3680(03)00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Technologic advancements have made cell type-specific targeting, expression control, and safe and stable gene transfer possible. Animal research has provided increasing experience with gene transfer to the nervous system and sensory neurons in particular. Gene-based neuromodultion can be achieved through neuronal delivery of transgenes capable of altering synaptic function. Alternatively, ex vivo gene transfer can be used to create cell lines capable of secreting analgesic neurepeptides. Translatation of these grafts and direct gene-based neuromoduation can be applied to the control of pain and the root causes of pain. These approaches combine anatomic and pharmacologic specificity. As the technology continues to improve, clinical application of cellular and molecular pain control is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Garrity-Moses
- Department of Neurosurgery, Room S31, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Hirayama R, Kawakami S, Nishida K, Nakashima M, Sasaki H, Sakeda T, Nakamura J. Development of the liver- and lobe-selective nonviral gene transfer following the instillation of naked plasmid DNA using catheter on the liver surface in mice. Pharm Res 2003; 20:328-32. [PMID: 12636176 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022204127659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study has undertaken the liver- and lobe-selective nonviral gene transfer following the instillation of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) using catheter on the liver surface in mice. METHODS The polyethernylon catheter was inserted intraperitoneally through the abdominal wall and was retained on the surface of the liver right and left medial lobes. pDNA was administered through the catheter to the liver right and left medial lobes. RESULTS The luciferase levels produced in the applied liver lobes at 6 h after liver surface instillation of pDNA were significantly higher than those produced in other liver lobes and other tissues assayed, and ranged from approximately 5 folds higher in other lobes to 20-30 folds higher in other tissues. Following liver surface instillation of pDNA at a time from 2 to 24 h or at a volume from 15 to 60 microl, the gene expressions of the applied liver lobes were always significantly higher than those of other liver lobes and other tissues. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the liver- and lobe-selective gene transfection following the instillation of naked pDNA using catheter on the liver surface in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Hirayama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Dileo J, Miller TE, Chesnoy S, Huang L. Gene transfer to subdermal tissues via a new gene gun design. Hum Gene Ther 2003; 14:79-87. [PMID: 12573061 DOI: 10.1089/10430340360464732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although particle-mediated gene transfer technology (gene gun) has been applied for gene transfer to external tissues, the application of this technology to other tissues has met with limited success. Here we report the development of a new design of a gene gun that uses helium discharge to propel DNA-coated gold beads that are suspended in liquid. Higher discharge pressures allow for the delivery of DNA to deeper tissues. Using the new gene gun to deliver a luciferase expression plasmid resulted in higher levels of gene expression in the skin than observed with conventional guns, as well as in subdermal tissues, including subcutaneous tumors. Even when using as little as 125 ng of DNA, gene expression in skin and muscle reached its peak level at 24 hr postbombardment and remained for at least 1 week. The use of a LacZ expression plasmid showed that gene expression was distributed throughout the skin with no observable pathology. The new gene gun was used to deliver a model tumor rejection antigen (a modified human papilloma virus [HPV] E7 gene) to mice. All of the treated animals developed protective immunity against HPV-positive tumors. These results demonstrate that our new design can be used in standard gene gun applications and extends the reach of gene gun technology to tissues that were previously unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dileo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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36
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Abstract
The success of gene therapy is largely dependent on the development of the gene delivery vector. Recently, gene transfection into target cells using naked DNA, which is a simple and safe approach, has been improved by combining several physical techniques, for example, electroporation, gene gun, ultrasound and hydrodynamic pressure. Chemical approaches have been utilized to improve the efficiency and cell specificity of gene transfer. Novel gene carrier molecules, which facilitate DNA escape from the endosome into the cytosol, have been developed. Several functional polymers, which enable controlled release of DNA in response to an environmental change, have also been reported. Plasmids with reduced number of CpG motifs, the use of PCR fragments and the sequential injection method have been established for the reduction of immune response triggered by plasmid DNA. Construction of a long-lasting gene expression system is also an important theme for nonviral gene therapy. To date, tissue-specific expression, self-replicating and integrating plasmid systems have been reported. Improvement of delivery methods together with intelligent design of the DNA itself has brought about large degrees of enhancement in the efficiency, specificity and temporal control of nonviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Niidome
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, 633 Salk Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Song YK, Liu F, Zhang G, Liu D. Hydrodynamics-based transfection: simple and efficient method for introducing and expressing transgenes in animals by intravenous injection of DNA. Methods Enzymol 2002; 346:92-105. [PMID: 11883099 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(02)46050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young K Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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40
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Niemeyer CM. Nanoparticles, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids: Biotechnology Meets Materials Science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:4128-4158. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20011119)40:22<4128::aid-anie4128>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2006] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2001] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Stephens
- Cell Biophysics and Cell Biology Program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lau DT, Saeed-Kothe A, Parker SK, William Detrich H. Adaptive Evolution of Gene Expression in Antarctic Fishes: Divergent Transcription of the 5′-to-5′ Linked Adult α1- and β-Globin Genes of the Antarctic TeleostNotothenia coriicepsis Controlled by Dual Promoters and Intergenic Enhancers1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1668/0003-1569(2001)041[0113:aeogei]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Adaptive Evolution of Gene Expression in Antarctic Fishes: Divergent Transcription of the 5′-to-5′ Linked Adult α1- and β-Globin Genes of the Antarctic TeleostNotothenia coriicepsis Controlled by Dual Promoters and Intergenic Enhancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/41.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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