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Joachim A, Ahmed MIM, Pollakis G, Rogers L, Hoffmann VS, Munseri P, Aboud S, Lyamuya EF, Bakari M, Robb ML, Wahren B, Sandstrom E, Nilsson C, Biberfeld G, Geldmacher C, Held K. Induction of Identical IgG HIV-1 Envelope Epitope Recognition Patterns After Initial HIVIS-DNA/MVA-CMDR Immunization and a Late MVA-CMDR Boost. Front Immunol 2020; 11:719. [PMID: 32411138 PMCID: PMC7198863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the RV144 trial, to date the only HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial demonstrating a modestly reduced risk of HIV-1 acquisition, antibody responses toward the HIV Envelope protein (Env) variable (V) 2 and V3 regions were shown to be correlated with a reduced risk of infection. These potentially protective antibody responses, in parallel with the vaccine efficacy, however, waned quickly. Dissecting vaccine-induced IgG recognition of antigenic regions and their variants within the HIV-1 Env from different vaccine trials will aid in designing future HIV-1 immunogens and vaccination schedules. We, therefore, analyzed the IgG response toward linear HIV-1 Env epitopes elicited by a multi-clade, multigene HIVIS-DNA priming, and heterologous recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA-CMDR) boosting regimen (HIVIS03) and assessed whether a late MVA-CMDR boost 3 years after completion of the initial vaccination schedule (HIVIS06) restored antibody responses toward these epitopes. Here we report that vaccination schedule in the HIVIS03 trial elicited IgG responses against linear epitopes within the V2 and V3 tip as well as against the gp41 immunodominant region in a high proportion of vaccinees. Antibodies against the V2 and gp41 Env regions were restricted to variants with close homology to the MVA-CMDR immunogen sequence, while V3 responses were more cross-reactive. Boosting with a late third MVA-CMDR after 3 years effectively restored waned IgG responses to linear Env epitopes and induced targeting of identical antigenic regions and variants comparable to the previous combined HIVIS-DNA/MVA-CMDR regimen. Our findings support the notion that anti-HIV-1 Env responses, associated with a reduced risk of infection in RV144, could be maintained by regular boosting with a single dose of MVA-CMDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agricola Joachim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mohamed I M Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georgios Pollakis
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections (HPRU EZI), Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Rogers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena S Hoffmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia Munseri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Said Aboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Eligius F Lyamuya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Muhammad Bakari
- Tanzania Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly, and Children, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Rockville, MD, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Britta Wahren
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Sandstrom
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Biberfeld
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Held
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
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Rezaei T, Khalili S, Baradaran B, Mosafer J, Rezaei S, Mokhtarzadeh A, de la Guardia M. Recent advances on HIV DNA vaccines development: Stepwise improvements to clinical trials. J Control Release 2019; 316:116-137. [PMID: 31669566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
According to WHO (World Health Organization) reports, more than 770,000 people died from HIV and almost 1.7 million people becoming newly infected in the worldwide in 2018. Therefore, many attempts should be done to produce a forceful vaccine to control the AIDS. DNA-based vaccines have been investigated for HIV vaccination by researches during the recent 20 years. The DNA vaccines are novel approach for induction of both type of immune responses (cellular and humoral) in the host cells and have many advantages including high stability, fast and easy of fabrication and absence of severe side effects when compared with other vaccination methods. Recent studies have been focused on vaccine design, immune responses and on the use of adjuvants as a promising strategy for increased level of responses, delivery approaches by viral and non-viral methods and vector design for different antigens of HIV virus. In this review, we outlined the aforementioned advances on HIV DNA vaccines. Then we described the future trends in clinical trials as a strong strategy even in healthy volunteers and the potential developments in control and prevention of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Rezaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Sarah Rezaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Panagioti E, Klenerman P, Lee LN, van der Burg SH, Arens R. Features of Effective T Cell-Inducing Vaccines against Chronic Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:276. [PMID: 29503649 PMCID: PMC5820320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, the focus of prophylactic vaccines was to elicit neutralizing antibodies, but it has become increasingly evident that T cell-mediated immunity plays a central role in controlling persistent viral infections such as with human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis C virus. Currently, various promising prophylactic vaccines, capable of inducing substantial vaccine-specific T cell responses, are investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. There is compelling evidence that protection by T cells is related to the magnitude and breadth of the T cell response, the type and homing properties of the memory T cell subsets, and their cytokine polyfunctionality and metabolic fitness. In this review, we evaluated these key factors that determine the qualitative and quantitative properties of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in the context of chronic viral disease and prophylactic vaccine development. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying T cell-mediated protection against chronic viral pathogens will facilitate the development of more potent, durable and safe prophylactic T cell-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Panagioti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lian N. Lee
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Ake JA, Schuetz A, Pegu P, Wieczorek L, Eller MA, Kibuuka H, Sawe F, Maboko L, Polonis V, Karasavva N, Weiner D, Sekiziyivu A, Kosgei J, Missanga M, Kroidl A, Mann P, Ratto-Kim S, Anne Eller L, Earl P, Moss B, Dorsey-Spitz J, Milazzo M, Laissa Ouedraogo G, Rizvi F, Yan J, Khan AS, Peel S, Sardesai NY, Michael NL, Ngauy V, Marovich M, Robb ML. Safety and Immunogenicity of PENNVAX-G DNA Prime Administered by Biojector 2000 or CELLECTRA Electroporation Device With Modified Vaccinia Ankara-CMDR Boost. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:1080-1090. [PMID: 28968759 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We report the first-in-human safety and immunogenicity evaluation of PENNVAX-G DNA/modified vaccinia Ankara-Chiang Mai double recombinant (MVA-CMDR) prime-boost human immuonodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine, with intramuscular DNA delivery by either Biojector 2000 needle-free injection system (Biojector) or CELLECTRA electroporation device. Methods Healthy, HIV-uninfected adults were randomized to receive 4 mg of PENNVAX-G DNA delivered intramuscularly by Biojector or electroporation at baseline and week 4 followed by intramuscular injection of 108 plaque forming units of MVA-CMDR at weeks 12 and 24. The open-label part A was conducted in the United States, followed by a double-blind, placebo-controlled part B in East Africa. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events were recorded, and immune responses were measured. Results Eighty-eight of 100 enrolled participants completed all study injections, which were generally safe and well tolerated, with more immediate, but transient, pain in the electroporation group. Cellular responses were observed in 57% of vaccine recipients tested and were CD4 predominant. High rates of binding antibody responses to CRF01_AE antigens, including gp70 V1V2 scaffold, were observed. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell assay, and moderate antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity was demonstrated. Discussion The PVG/MVA-CMDR HIV-1 vaccine regimen is safe and immunogenic. Substantial differences in safety or immunogenicity between modes of DNA delivery were not observed. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01260727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Ake
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda.,Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Retrovirology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poonam Pegu
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda
| | - Michael A Eller
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University/Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Leonard Maboko
- National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Victoria Polonis
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | - Nicos Karasavva
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Retrovirology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Marco Missanga
- National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Arne Kroidl
- National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, United Republic of Tanzania.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Mann
- National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, United Republic of Tanzania.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Ratto-Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda
| | | | | | - Julie Dorsey-Spitz
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda
| | - Mark Milazzo
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda
| | - G Laissa Ouedraogo
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Farrukh Rizvi
- Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, Ft. Detrick, Maryland
| | - Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Amir S Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheila Peel
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | | | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | - Viseth Ngauy
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Retrovirology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mary Marovich
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | - Merlin L Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda
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Chea LS, Amara RR. Immunogenicity and efficacy of DNA/MVA HIV vaccines in rhesus macaque models. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:973-985. [PMID: 28838267 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1371594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite 30 years of research on HIV, a vaccine to prevent infection and limit disease progression remains elusive. The RV144 trial showed moderate, but significant protection in humans and highlighted the contribution of antibody responses directed against HIV envelope as an important immune correlate for protection. Efforts to further build upon the progress include the use of a heterologous prime-boost regimen using DNA as the priming agent and the attenuated vaccinia virus, Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA), as a boosting vector for generating protective HIV-specific immunity. Areas covered: In this review, we summarize the immunogenicity of DNA/MVA vaccines in non-human primate models and describe the efficacy seen in SIV infection models. We discuss immunological correlates of protection determined by these studies and potential approaches for improving the protective immunity. Additionally, we describe the current progress of DNA/MVA vaccines in human trials. Expert commentary: Efforts over the past decade have provided the opportunity to better understand the dynamics of vaccine-induced immune responses and immune correlates of protection against HIV. Based on what we have learned, we outline multiple areas where the field will likely focus on in the next five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Siv Chea
- a Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Rama Rao Amara
- a Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
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6
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Stenler S, Lundin KE, Hansen L, Petkov S, Mozafari N, Isaguliants M, Blomberg P, Smith CIE, Goldenberg DM, Chang CH, Ljungberg K, Hinkula J, Wahren B. Immunization with HIV-1 envelope T20-encoding DNA vaccines elicits cross-clade neutralizing antibody responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2849-2858. [PMID: 28696158 PMCID: PMC5718786 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1338546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic immunization is expected to induce the expression of antigens in a native form. The encoded peptide epitopes are presented on endogenous MHC molecules, mimicking antigen presentation during a viral infection. We have explored the potential of enfuvirtide (T20), a short HIV peptide with antiviral properties, to enhance immune response to HIV antigens. To generate an expression vector, the T20 sequence was cloned into a conventional plasmid, the novel minicircle construct, and a replicon plasmid. In addition, 3 conventional plasmids that express the envelope of HIV-1 subtypes A, B and C and contain T20 in their gp41 sequences were also tested. Results: All combinations induced HIV-specific antibodies and cellular responses. The addition of T20 as a peptide and as an expression cassette in the 3 DNA vectors enhanced antibody responses. The highest anti-HIV-1 Env titers were obtained by the replicon T20 construct. This demonstrates that besides its known antiviral activity, T20 promotes immune responses. We also confirm that the combination of slightly divergent antigens improves immune responses. Conclusions: The antiretroviral T20 HIV-1 sequence can be used as an immunogen to elicit binding and neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. These, or similarly modified gp41 genes/peptides, can be used as priming or boosting components for induction of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies. Future comparative studies will reveal the optimal mode of T20 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stenler
- a Karolinska Cell Therapy Center , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - K E Lundin
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - L Hansen
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - S Petkov
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - N Mozafari
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - M Isaguliants
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - P Blomberg
- a Karolinska Cell Therapy Center , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - C I E Smith
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - D M Goldenberg
- d Immunomedics, Inc., Morris Plains , NJ , USA.,e IBC Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morris Plains , NJ , USA
| | - C-H Chang
- d Immunomedics, Inc., Morris Plains , NJ , USA.,e IBC Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morris Plains , NJ , USA
| | - K Ljungberg
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - J Hinkula
- f Department of Molecular Virology , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - B Wahren
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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Tomusange K, Wijesundara D, Gummow J, Wesselingh S, Suhrbier A, Gowans EJ, Grubor-Bauk B. Mucosal vaccination with a live recombinant rhinovirus followed by intradermal DNA administration elicits potent and protective HIV-specific immune responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36658. [PMID: 27853256 PMCID: PMC5113119 DOI: 10.1038/srep36658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal immunity is deemed crucial to control sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein we report the efficacy of a mucosal HIV vaccine strategy comprising intranasal (IN) vaccination with a cocktail of live recombinant human rhinoviruses (HRVs) encoding overlapping fragments of HIV Gag and full length Tat (rHRV-Gag/Tat) followed by intradermal (ID) vaccination with DNA vaccines encoding HIV Gag and Tat (pVAX-Gag-Tat). This heterologous prime-boost strategy will be referred to hereafter as rHRV-DNA. As a control, IN vaccination with wild type (wt)-HRV-A1 followed by a single ID dose of pVAX (wt-HRV-A1/pVAX vaccination) was included. rHRV-DNA vaccination elicited superior multi-functional CD8+T cell responses in lymphocytes harvested from mesenteric lymph nodes and spleens, and higher titres of Tat-specific antibodies in blood and vaginal lavages, and reduced the viral load more effectively after challenge with EcoHIV, a murine HIV challenge model, in peritoneal macrophages, splenocytes and blood compared compared with wt-HRV-A1/pVAX vaccination or administration of 3 ID doses of pVAX-Gag-Tat (3X pVAX-Gag-Tat vaccination). These data provide the first evidence that a rHRV-DNA vaccination regimen can induce HIV-specific immune responses in the gut, vaginal mucosa and systemically, and supports further testing of this regimen in the development of an effective mucosally-targeted HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamis Tomusange
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Danushka Wijesundara
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jason Gummow
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steve Wesselingh
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eric J Gowans
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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8
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Toll-Like Receptor 9 Activation Rescues Impaired Antibody Response in Needle-free Intradermal DNA Vaccination. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33564. [PMID: 27658623 PMCID: PMC5034244 DOI: 10.1038/srep33564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of plasmid DNA to the skin can target distinct subsets of dermal dendritic cells to confer a superior immune response. The needle-free immunization technology offers a reliable, safe and efficient means to administer intradermal (ID) injections. We report here that the ID injection of DNA vectors using an NF device (NF-ID) elicits a superior cell-mediated immune response, at much lesser DNA dosage, comparable in magnitude to the traditional intramuscular immunization. However, the humoral response is significantly impaired, possibly at the stage of B cell isotype switching. We found that the NF-ID administration deposits the DNA primarily on the epidermis resulting in a rapid loss of the DNA as well as the synthesized antigen due to the faster regeneration rate of the skin layers. Therefore, despite the immune-rich nature of the skin, the NF-ID immunization of DNA vectors may be limited by the impaired humoral response. Additional booster injections are required to augment the antibody response. As an alternative and a viable solution, we rescued the IgG response by coadministration of a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, among other adjuvants examined. Our work has important implication for the optimization of the emerging needle-free technology for ID immunization.
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9
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Bolhassani A, Kardani K, Vahabpour R, Habibzadeh N, Aghasadeghi MR, Sadat SM, Agi E. Prime/boost immunization with HIV-1 MPER-V3 fusion construct enhances humoral and cellular immune responses. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:366-73. [PMID: 26518142 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of an effective vaccine against HIV-1 infection is a main concern in worldwide. A potent vaccine for HIV-1 requires the induction and maintenance of both humoral and cellular immunity. In this study, the levels of humoral and cellular immune responses were compared using MPER-V3 injection in three immunization strategies such as DNA/DNA, peptide/peptide, and DNA/peptide (prime-boost). MPG peptide and Montanide 720 were used as a DNA delivery system, and as a peptide adjuvant, respectively. Our results demonstrated that MPG forms stable non-covalent nanoparticles with plasmid DNA at N/P ratio of 10:1 (∼ 110-130 nm). The in vitro transfection efficiency of MPER-V3 DNA using MPG was comparable with lipofectamine and turbofect reagents as a common delivery system. In vivo prime-boost immunization using HIV-1 MPER-V3 could significantly enhance humoral and cellular immune responses as compared to control groups. The mixture of IgG1 and IgG2a was observed for each strategy, but IFN-γ production was significantly higher in prime-boost and peptide immunizations than that in DNA immunizations, inducing Th1 response. Moreover, our data showed that prime immunization with low dose of the nanoparticles (MPER-V3 DNA: MPG at ratio of 1:10) followed by MPER-V3 peptide drives T cell responses towards a Th1-type similar to high dose of the naked DNA prime/peptide boost immunization. Generally, the prime-boost strategy could improve both immune responses against MPER and especially V3 peptides suggesting its application as a promising HIV vaccine candidate in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kimia Kardani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nourieh Habibzadeh
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mehdi Sadat
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Agi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Nilsson C, Hejdeman B, Godoy-Ramirez K, Tecleab T, Scarlatti G, Bråve A, Earl PL, Stout RR, Robb ML, Shattock RJ, Biberfeld G, Sandström E, Wahren B. HIV-DNA Given with or without Intradermal Electroporation Is Safe and Highly Immunogenic in Healthy Swedish HIV-1 DNA/MVA Vaccinees: A Phase I Randomized Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131748. [PMID: 26121679 PMCID: PMC4486388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared safety and immunogenicity of intradermal (ID) vaccination with and without electroporation (EP) in a phase I randomized placebo-controlled trial of an HIV-DNA prime HIV-MVA boost vaccine in healthy Swedish volunteers. METHODS HIV-DNA plasmids encoding HIV-1 genes gp160 subtypes A, B and C; Rev B; Gag A and B and RTmut B were given ID at weeks 0, 6 and 12 in a dose of 0.6 mg. Twenty-five volunteers received vaccine using a needle-free device (ZetaJet) with (n=16) or without (n=9) ID EP (Dermavax). Five volunteers were placebo recipients. Boosting with recombinant MVA-CMDR expressing HIV-1 Env, Gag, Pol of CRF01_AE (HIV-MVA) or placebo was performed at weeks 24 and 40. Nine of the vaccinees received a subtype C CN54 gp140 protein boost together with HIV-MVA. RESULTS The ID/EP delivery was very well tolerated. After three HIV-DNA immunizations, no statistically significant difference was seen in the IFN-γ ELISpot response rate to Gag between HIV-DNA ID/EP recipients (5/15, 33%) and HIV-DNA ID recipients (1/7, 14%, p=0.6158). The first HIV-MVA or HIV-MVA+gp140 vaccination increased the IFN-γ ELISpot response rate to 18/19 (95%). CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cell responses to Gag or Env were demonstrable in 94% of vaccinees. A balanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response was noted, with 78% and 71% responders, respectively. IFN-γ and IL-2 dominated the CD4+ T cell response to Gag and Env. The CD8+ response to Gag was broader with expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, MIP-1β and/or CD107. No differences were seen between DNA vaccine groups. Binding antibodies were induced after the second HIV-MVA+/-gp140 in 93% of vaccinees to subtype C Env, with the highest titers among EP/gp140 recipients. CONCLUSION Intradermal electroporation of HIV-DNA was well tolerated. Strong cell- and antibody-mediated immune responses were elicited by the HIV-DNA prime and HIV-MVA boosting regimen, with or without intradermal electroporation use. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 60284968.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Nilsson
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo Hejdeman
- Venhälsan, Department of Education and Clinical Research, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Teghesti Tecleab
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and infectious diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreas Bråve
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Patricia L. Earl
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, United States of America
| | | | - Merlin L. Robb
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Imperial College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gunnel Biberfeld
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Sandström
- Venhälsan, Department of Education and Clinical Research, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britta Wahren
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Quiroga D, Aldhamen YA, Appledorn DM, Godbehere S, Amalfitano A. Strengthened tumor antigen immune recognition by inclusion of a recombinant Eimeria antigen in therapeutic cancer vaccination. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:479-91. [PMID: 25655760 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The need for novel, effective adjuvants that are capable of eliciting stronger cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses to antigenic targets is well understood in the vaccine development field. Unfortunately, many adjuvants investigated thus far are either too toxic for human application or too weak to induce a substantial response against difficult antigens, such as tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). In spite of this trend, clinical investigations of recombinant Eimeria antigen (rEA) have revealed this protein to be a non-toxic immunogenic agent with the ability to trigger a Th1-predominant response in both murine and human subjects. Our past studies have shown that the injection of a rEA-encoding adenovirus (rAd5-rEA) alongside an HIV antigen-encoding adenovirus greatly improves the adaptive immune response against this pathogen-derived transgene. In this report, we investigated whether rAd5-rEA could promote and/or alter cytotoxic memory responses toward carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a colorectal cancer-related TAA. We found that the addition of rAd5-rEA to an Ad-based CEA vaccine induced a dose-dependent increase in several anti-CEA T and B cell responses. Moreover, inclusion of rAd5-rEA increased the number of CEA-derived antigenic epitopes that elicited significant cell-mediated and IgG-mediated recognition. These enhanced anti-CEA immune responses also translated into superior CEA-targeted cell killing, as evaluated by an in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay. Overall, these results suggest that co-administration of rAd5-rEA with a tumor antigen vaccine can substantially boost and broaden the TAA-specific adaptive memory response, thereby validating the potential of rAd5-rEA to be a beneficial adjuvant during therapeutic cancer vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisia Quiroga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4194 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Immunotherapy with an HIV-DNA Vaccine in Children and Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:563-80. [PMID: 26344746 PMCID: PMC4494215 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic HIV immunization is intended to induce new HIV-specific cellular immune responses and to reduce viral load, possibly permitting extended periods without antiretroviral drugs. A multigene, multi-subtype A, B, C HIV-DNA vaccine (HIVIS) has been used in clinical trials in both children and adults with the aim of improving and broadening the infected individuals' immune responses. Despite the different country locations, different regimens and the necessary variations in assays performed, this is, to our knowledge, the first attempt to compare children's and adults' responses to a particular HIV vaccine. Ten vertically HIV-infected children aged 4-16 years were immunized during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Another ten children were blindly recruited as controls. Both groups continued their antiretroviral treatment during and after vaccinations. Twelve chronically HIV-infected adults were vaccinated, followed by repeated structured therapy interruptions (STI) of their antiretroviral treatment. The adult group included four controls, receiving placebo vaccinations. The HIV-DNA vaccine was generally well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were registered in any group. In the HIV-infected children, an increased specific immune response to Gag and RT proteins was detected by antigen-specific lymphoproliferation. Moreover, the frequency of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell lymphocytes releasing perforin was significantly higher in the vaccinees than the controls. In the HIV-infected adults, increased CD8+ T-cell responses to Gag, RT and viral protease peptides were detected. No augmentation of HIV-specific lymphoproliferative responses were detected in adults after vaccination. In conclusion, the HIV-DNA vaccine can elicit new HIV-specific cellular immune responses, particularly to Gag antigens, in both HIV-infected children and adults. Vaccinated children mounted transient new HIV-specific immune responses, including both CD4+ T-cell lymphoproliferation and late CD8+ T-cell responses. In the adult cohort, primarily CD8+ T-cell responses related to MHC class I alleles were noted. However, no clinical benefits with respect to viral load reduction were ascribable to the vaccinations alone. No severe adverse effects related to the vaccine were found in either cohort, and no virological failures or drug resistances were detected.
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Nilsson C, Godoy-Ramirez K, Hejdeman B, Bråve A, Gudmundsdotter L, Hallengärd D, Currier JR, Wieczorek L, Hasselrot K, Earl PL, Polonis VR, Marovich MA, Robb ML, Sandström E, Wahren B, Biberfeld G. Broad and potent cellular and humoral immune responses after a second late HIV-modified vaccinia virus ankara vaccination in HIV-DNA-primed and HIV-modified vaccinia virus Ankara-boosted Swedish vaccinees. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:299-311. [PMID: 24090081 PMCID: PMC3938943 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2013.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that an HIV vaccine regimen including three HIV-DNA immunizations and a single HIV-modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) boost was safe and highly immunogenic in Swedish volunteers. A median 38 months after the first HIV-MVA vaccination, 24 volunteers received 10(8) plaque-forming units of HIV-MVA. The vaccine was well tolerated. Two weeks after this HIV-MVA vaccination, 18 (82%) of 22 evaluable vaccinees were interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) reactive: 18 to Gag and 10 (45%) to Env. A median minimal epitope count of 4 to Gag or Env was found in a subset of 10 vaccinees. Intracellular cytokine staining revealed CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T cell responses in 23 (95%) of 24 vaccinees, 19 to Gag and 19 to Env. The frequency of HIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses was equally high (75%). A high proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses to Gag was polyfunctional with production of three or more cytokines (40% and 60%, respectively). Of the Env-specific CD4(+) T cells 40% were polyfunctional. Strong lymphoproliferative responses to Aldrithiol-2 (AT-2)-treated subtype A, B, C, and A_E virus were demonstrable in 21 (95%) of 22 vaccinees. All vaccinees developed binding antibodies to Env and Gag. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-based assay against subtype B and CRF01_AE viruses. The neutralizing antibody response rates were influenced by the vaccine dose and/or mode of delivery used at the previous HIV-MVA vaccination. Thus, a second late HIV-MVA boost induced strong and broad cellular immune responses and improved antibody responses. The data support further exploration of this vaccine concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Nilsson
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Bo Hejdeman
- Venhälsan, Department of Education and Clinical Research, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Bråve
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lindvi Gudmundsdotter
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Hallengärd
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey R. Currier
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Retrovirology, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Retrovirology, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Klara Hasselrot
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM) and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Patricia L. Earl
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Victoria R. Polonis
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Retrovirology, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mary A. Marovich
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Retrovirology, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Retrovirology, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Eric Sandström
- Venhälsan, Department of Education and Clinical Research, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britta Wahren
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Biberfeld
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hallengärd D, Applequist SE, Nyström S, Maltais AK, Marovich M, Moss B, Earl P, Nihlmark K, Wahren B, Bråve A. Immunization with multiple vaccine modalities induce strong HIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Viral Immunol 2012; 25:423-32. [PMID: 23035853 PMCID: PMC10970668 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2012.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous priming and boosting with antigens expressed by DNA, viral vectors, or as proteins, are experimental strategies to induce strong immune responses against infectious diseases and cancer. In a preclinical study we compared the ability of recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara encoding HIV antigens (MVA-CMDR), and/or recombinant gp140C (rgp140C), to boost responses induced by a multigene/multisubtype HIV DNA vaccine delivered by electroporation (EP). Homologous DNA immunizations augmented by EP stimulated strong cellular immune responses. Still stronger cellular immune responses were observed after DNA priming and MVA-CMDR boosting, which was superior to all other immunization schedules tested in terms of antigen-specific IFN-γ, IL-2, and bifunctional IFN-γ and IL-2 responses. For HIV Env-specific antibody responses, mice receiving repeated rgp140C immunizations, and mice boosted with rgp140C, elicited the highest binding titers and the highest numbers of antibody-secreting B cells. When considering both cellular and humoral immune responses, a combination of DNA, MVA-CMDR, and rgp140C immunizations induced the overall most potent immune responses and the highest avidity of HIV Env-specific antibodies. These data emphasize the importance of including multiple vaccine modalities that can stimulate both T and B cells, and thus elicit strong and balanced immune responses. The present HIV vaccine combination holds promise for further evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hallengärd
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hallengärd D, Bråve A, Isaguliants M, Blomberg P, Enger J, Stout R, King A, Wahren B. A combination of intradermal jet-injection and electroporation overcomes in vivo dose restriction of DNA vaccines. GENETIC VACCINES AND THERAPY 2012; 10:5. [PMID: 22873174 PMCID: PMC3532290 DOI: 10.1186/1479-0556-10-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The use of optimized delivery devices has been shown to enhance the potency of DNA vaccines. However, further optimization of DNA vaccine delivery is needed for this vaccine modality to ultimately be efficacious in humans. Methods Herein we evaluated antigen expression and immunogenicity after intradermal delivery of different doses of DNA vaccines by needle or by the Biojector jet-injection device, with or without the addition of electroporation (EP). Results Neither needle injection augmented by EP nor Biojector alone could induce higher magnitudes of immune responses after immunizations with a high dose of DNA. After division of a defined DNA dose into multiple skin sites, the humoral response was particularly enhanced by Biojector while cellular responses were particularly enhanced by EP. Furthermore, a close correlation between in vivo antigen expression and cell-mediated as well as humoral immune responses was observed. Conclusions These results show that two optimized DNA vaccine delivery devices can act together to overcome dose restrictions of plasmid DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hallengärd
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 16, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Vandermeulen G, Athanasopoulos T, Trundley A, Foster K, Préat V, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Dickson G. Highly potent delivery method of gp160 envelope vaccine combining lentivirus-like particles and DNA electrotransfer. J Control Release 2012; 159:376-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bakari M, Aboud S, Nilsson C, Francis J, Buma D, Moshiro C, Aris EA, Lyamuya EF, Janabi M, Godoy-Ramirez K, Joachim A, Polonis VR, Bråve A, Earl P, Robb M, Marovich M, Wahren B, Pallangyo K, Biberfeld G, Mhalu F, Sandström E. Broad and potent immune responses to a low dose intradermal HIV-1 DNA boosted with HIV-1 recombinant MVA among healthy adults in Tanzania. Vaccine 2011; 29:8417-28. [PMID: 21864626 PMCID: PMC4795940 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a phase I/II randomized placebo-controlled trial with the aim of exploring whether priming with a low intradermal dose of a multiclade, multigene HIV-1 DNA vaccine could improve the immunogenicity of the same vaccine given intramuscularly prior to boosting with a heterologous HIV-1 MVA among healthy adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS Sixty HIV-uninfected volunteers were randomized to receive DNA plasmid vaccine 1mg intradermally (id), n=20, or 3.8mg intramuscularly (im), n=20, or placebo, n=20, using a needle-free injection device. DNA plasmids encoding HIV-1 genes gp160 subtype A, B, C; rev B; p17/p24 gag A, B and Rtmut B were given at weeks 0, 4 and 12. Recombinant MVA (10(8)pfu) expressing HIV-1 Env, Gag, Pol of CRF01_AE or placebo was administered im at month 9 and 21. RESULTS The vaccines were well tolerated. Two weeks after the third HIV-DNA injection, 22/38 (58%) vaccinees had IFN-γ ELISpot responses to Gag. Two weeks after the first HIV-MVA boost all 35 (100%) vaccinees responded to Gag and 31 (89%) to Env. Two to four weeks after the second HIV-MVA boost, 28/29 (97%) vaccinees had IFN-γ ELISpot responses, 27 (93%) to Gag and 23 (79%) to Env. The id-primed recipients had significantly higher responses to Env than im recipients. Intracellular cytokine staining for Gag-specific IFN-γ/IL-2 production showed both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses. All vaccinees had HIV-specific lymphoproliferative responses. All vaccinees reacted in diagnostic HIV serological tests and 26/29 (90%) had antibodies against gp160 after the second HIV-MVA boost. Furthermore, while all of 29 vaccinee sera were negative for neutralizing antibodies against clade B, C and CRF01_AE pseudoviruses in the TZM-bl neutralization assay, in a PBMC assay, the response rate ranged from 31% to 83% positives, depending upon the clade B or CRF01_AE virus tested. CONCLUSIONS This vaccine approach is safe and highly immunogenic. Low dose, id HIV-DNA priming elicited higher and broader cell-mediated immune responses to Env after HIV-MVA boost compared to a higher HIV-DNA priming dose given im. Three HIV-DNA priming immunizations followed by two HIV-MVA boosts efficiently induced Env-antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bakari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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The PEDVAC trial: Preliminary data from the first therapeutic DNA vaccination in HIV-infected children. Vaccine 2011; 29:6810-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Girard MP, Osmanov S, Assossou OM, Kieny MP. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunopathogenesis and vaccine development: a review. Vaccine 2011; 29:6191-218. [PMID: 21718747 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of a safe, effective and globally affordable HIV vaccine offers the best hope for the future control of the HIV-1 pandemic. Since 1987, scores of candidate HIV-1 vaccines have been developed which elicited varying degrees of protective responses in nonhuman primate models, including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, live vectored recombinant vaccines and various prime-boost combinations. Four of these candidate vaccines have been tested for efficacy in human volunteers, but, to the exception of the recent RV144 Phase III trial in Thailand, which elicited a modest but statistically significant level of protection against infection, none has shown efficacy in preventing HIV-1 infection or in controlling virus replication and delaying progression of disease in humans. Protection against infection was observed in the RV144 trial, but intensive research is needed to try to understand the protective immune mechanisms at stake. Building-up on the results of the RV144 trial and deciphering what possibly are the immune correlates of protection are the top research priorities of the moment, which will certainly accelerate the development of an highly effective vaccine that could be used in conjunction with other HIV prevention and treatment strategies. This article reviews the state of the art of HIV vaccine development and discusses the formidable scientific challenges met in this endeavor, in the context of a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Girard
- University Paris 7, French National Academy of Medicine, 39 rue Seignemartin, FR 69008 Lyon, France.
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Prime‐boost vaccinations using recombinant flavivirus replicon and vaccinia virus vaccines: an ELISPOT analysis. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 89:426-36. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li YH, Huang S, Du M, Bian Z, Chen Z, Fan MW. Immunogenic characterization and protection against Streptococcus mutans infection induced by intranasal DNA prime–protein boost immunization. Vaccine 2010; 28:5370-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Nájera JL, Gómez CE, García-Arriaza J, Sorzano CO, Esteban M. Insertion of vaccinia virus C7L host range gene into NYVAC-B genome potentiates immune responses against HIV-1 antigens. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11406. [PMID: 20613977 PMCID: PMC2894869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The highly attenuated vaccinia virus strain NYVAC expressing HIV-1 components has been evaluated as a vaccine candidate in preclinical and clinical trials with encouraging results. We have previously described that the presence of C7L in the NYVAC genome prevents the induction of apoptosis and renders the vector capable of replication in human and murine cell lines while maintaining an attenuated phenotype in mice. Methodology/Principal Findings In an effort to improve the immunogenicity of NYVAC, we have developed a novel poxvirus vector by inserting the VACV host-range C7L gene into the genome of NYVAC-B, a recombinant virus that expresses four HIV-1 antigens from clade B (Env, Gag, Pol and Nef) (referred as NYVAC-B-C7L). In the present study, we have compared the in vitro and in vivo behavior of NYVAC-B and NYVAC-B-C7L. In cultured cells, NYVAC-B-C7L expresses higher levels of heterologous antigen than NYVAC-B as determined by Western blot and fluorescent-activated cell sorting to score Gag expressing cells. In a DNA prime/poxvirus boost approach with BALB/c mice, both recombinants elicited robust, broad and multifunctional antigen-specific T-cell responses to the HIV-1 immunogens expressed from the vectors. However, the use of NYVAC-B-C7L as booster significantly enhanced the magnitude of the T cell responses, and induced a more balanced cellular immune response to the HIV-1 antigens in comparison to that elicited in animals boosted with NYVAC-B. Conclusions/Significance These findings demonstrate the possibility to enhance the immunogenicity of the highly attenuated NYVAC vector by the insertion of the host-range gene C7L and suggest the use of this modified vector as an improved vaccine candidate against HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Nájera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Ciudad Universitaria Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Ciudad Universitaria Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Ciudad Universitaria Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Oscar Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Ciudad Universitaria Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Ciudad Universitaria Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Brown SA, Surman SL, Sealy R, Jones BG, Slobod KS, Branum K, Lockey TD, Howlett N, Freiden P, Flynn P, Hurwitz JL. Heterologous Prime-Boost HIV-1 Vaccination Regimens in Pre-Clinical and Clinical Trials. Viruses 2010; 2:435-467. [PMID: 20407589 PMCID: PMC2855973 DOI: 10.3390/v2020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are more than 30 million people infected with HIV-1 and thousands more are infected each day. Vaccination is the single most effective mechanism for prevention of viral disease, and after more than 25 years of research, one vaccine has shown somewhat encouraging results in an advanced clinical efficacy trial. A modified intent-to-treat analysis of trial results showed that infection was approximately 30% lower in the vaccine group compared to the placebo group. The vaccine was administered using a heterologous prime-boost regimen in which both target antigens and delivery vehicles were changed during the course of inoculations. Here we examine the complexity of heterologous prime-boost immunizations. We show that the use of different delivery vehicles in prime and boost inoculations can help to avert the inhibitory effects caused by vector-specific immune responses. We also show that the introduction of new antigens into boost inoculations can be advantageous, demonstrating that the effect of `original antigenic sin' is not absolute. Pre-clinical and clinical studies are reviewed, including our own work with a three-vector vaccination regimen using recombinant DNA, virus (Sendai virus or vaccinia virus) and protein. Promising preliminary results suggest that the heterologous prime-boost strategy may possibly provide a foundation for the future prevention of HIV-1 infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Brown
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mail: (S.A.B.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.J.); (K.B.); (N.H.); (P.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Sherri L. Surman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.J.); (K.B.); (N.H.); (P.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Robert Sealy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.J.); (K.B.); (N.H.); (P.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Bart G. Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.J.); (K.B.); (N.H.); (P.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Karen S. Slobod
- Early Development, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, 350 Mass Ave. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; E-Mail: (K.S.S.)
| | - Kristen Branum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.J.); (K.B.); (N.H.); (P.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Timothy D. Lockey
- Department of Therapeutics, Production and Quality, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mail: (T.D.L.)
| | - Nanna Howlett
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.J.); (K.B.); (N.H.); (P.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Pamela Freiden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.J.); (K.B.); (N.H.); (P.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Patricia Flynn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.J.); (K.B.); (N.H.); (P.F.); (P.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Julia L. Hurwitz
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mail: (S.A.B.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.J.); (K.B.); (N.H.); (P.F.); (P.F.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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25
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Surman SL, Sealy R, Jones BG, Hurwitz JL. HIV-1 vaccine design: harnessing diverse lymphocytes to conquer a diverse pathogen. HUMAN VACCINES 2009; 5:268-71. [PMID: 19684481 DOI: 10.4161/hv.5.4.7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the fall of 2007, the HIV-1 research field received news that their front-runner vaccine was not protective. In response to this disappointment, scientists are now reviewing the intricacies of the immune response toward HIV-1 to develop new and better strategies for vaccine development. Decades ago, researchers recognized the impressive amino acid and carbohydrate diversity of HIV-1, and the associated obstacles to vaccine development. At first glance, the diversity and other unique features of HIV-1 may seem insurmountable, but attention to vaccine successes in other fields serves to renew optimism. The newly-licensed rotavirus and papillomavirus cocktail vaccines remind scientists that diverse pathogens can be conquered and that the chronic nature of a virus infection need not thwart successful vaccine design. Here we describe current efforts to gain insights from other vaccine fields and to adopt a cocktail vaccine approach for the prevention of HIV-1 infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri L Surman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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26
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A novel DNA vaccine containing multiple TB-specific epitopes casted in a natural structure (ECANS) confers protective immunity against pulmonary mycobacterial challenge. Vaccine 2009; 27:5313-9. [PMID: 19615961 PMCID: PMC7115364 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epitope-based DNA vaccines designed to induce T cell responses specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) are being developed as a means of addressing vaccine potency. In this study, we predicted 4 T cell epitopes from ESAT-6, Ag85A/B and CFP-10 antigens and constructed an ECANS (epitopes casted in a natural structure) DNA vaccine by inserting the epitope DNA segments separately into the gene backbone of M. tb-derived HSP65 (heat shock protein 65) carrier. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of pECANS DNA vaccine were assessed in BALB/c mice after intramuscular immunization with 4 doses of 50 microg ECANS DNA and followed by mycobaterial challenge 4 weeks after the last immunization. Compared to plasmid encoding HSP65, pECANS DNA immunization elicited remarkably higher levels of IFN-gamma production by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, which were coupled with higher frequencies of antigen-specific T cells and higher CTL activity. Significantly enhanced levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12) and increased serum IgG2a/IgG1 ratio were also noted, indicating a predominant Th1 immune response achieved by pECANS DNA immunization. In the consequence, a better protection against Mycobacterium bovis BCG challenge was achieved which was evidenced by reduced bacterial loads in lungs and spleens and profound attenuation of lung inflammation and injury. Our results suggested that multi-T cell-epitope based ECANS gene vaccine induced T cell response to multiple T cell epitopes and led to enhanced protection against mycobacterial challenge. This strategy might be a useful platform to design multi-T cell epitope-based vaccine against M. tb infection.
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27
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Gudmundsdotter L, Nilsson C, Brave A, Hejdeman B, Earl P, Moss B, Robb M, Cox J, Michael N, Marovich M, Biberfeld G, Sandström E, Wahren B. Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) effectively boosts DNA-primed HIV-specific immune responses in humans despite pre-existing vaccinia immunity. Vaccine 2009; 27:4468-74. [PMID: 19450644 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of vector-specific immune responses may hamper the induction of responses to a foreign antigen encoded by the vector. We evaluated the impact of pre-existing immunity to vaccinia virus on the induction of HIV-specific responses after immunization of healthy volunteers with a HIV-1 DNA prime-MVA boost vaccine. Following three priming immunizations with HIV-1 DNA plasmids, the volunteers were boosted with a single injection of recombinant MVA encoding HIV-1 proteins. Pre-existing immunity to vaccinia virus did not reduce the proportion of individuals who responded to HIV-1, but did lower the magnitude of responses. Our results suggest that vaccinia-based vectors can be used to efficiently induce immune responses to vectored HIV-1 antigens, even in individuals with pre-existing immunity to vaccinia virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindvi Gudmundsdotter
- Karolinska Institutet and Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Bråve A, Hallengärd D, Gudmundsdotter L, Stout R, Walters R, Wahren B, Hallermalm K. Late administration of plasmid DNA by intradermal electroporation efficiently boosts DNA-primed T and B cell responses to carcinoembryonic antigen. Vaccine 2009; 27:3692-6. [PMID: 19428161 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous boost immunisation is considered the most efficient way to enhance DNA-primed immune responses. We have previously shown that administration of recombinant carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) efficiently boosts humoral responses in mice primed with CEA DNA. However, clinical grade recombinant proteins are far more intriguing to produce than plasmid DNA. Therefore, the possibility to use plasmid DNA for both priming and boosting would be beneficial. With the prospect of future use in a clinical trial, we investigated if electroporation-mediated delivery of DNA could be used to boost DNA-primed immune responses to CEA. The Biojector was used to prime BALB/c mice intradermally three times with CEA66 DNA, encoding an intracellular modified form of CEA. Twelve weeks after the last prime, the animals received either one injection of recombinant CEA or one intradermal injection of twtCEA DNA, encoding the wild type CEA fused to a tetanus T helper epitope, in combination with electroporation. Boosting with rCEA protein did not enhance T cell responses to CEA but induced CEA-specific IgG in 4 of 8 mice. In contrast, intradermal delivery of twtCEA DNA by electroporation led to a tenfold increase in IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells, compared to the levels obtained after the third priming immunisation. The DNA boost also induced high CEA-specific IgG titers in all immunised animals (8/8). The data suggests that a late DNA boost, in combination with enhanced DNA delivery by electroporation, could be used to enhance the efficiency of DNA vaccination and substitute for a heterologous protein boost vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bråve
- Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Sandström E, Nilsson C, Hejdeman B, Bråve A, Bratt G, Robb M, Cox J, Vancott T, Marovich M, Stout R, Aboud S, Bakari M, Pallangyo K, Ljungberg K, Moss B, Earl P, Michael N, Birx D, Mhalu F, Wahren B, Biberfeld G. Broad immunogenicity of a multigene, multiclade HIV-1 DNA vaccine boosted with heterologous HIV-1 recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara. J Infect Dis 2009; 198:1482-90. [PMID: 18808335 DOI: 10.1086/592507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine that limits disease and transmission is urgently needed. This clinical trial evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of an HIV vaccine that combines a plasmid-DNA priming vaccine and a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) boosting vaccine. METHODS Forty healthy volunteers were injected with DNA plasmids containing gp160 of HIV-1 subtypes A, B, and C; rev B; p17/p24 gag A and B, and RTmut B by use of a needle-free injection system. The vaccine was administered intradermally or intramuscularly, with or without recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and boosted with a heterologous MVA containing env, gag, and pol of CRF01A_E. Immune responses were monitored with HIV-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 ELISpot and lymphoproliferative assays (LPAs). RESULTS Vaccine-related adverse events were mild and tolerable. After receipt of the DNA priming vaccine, 11 (30%) of 37 vaccinees had HIV-specific IFN-gamma responses. After receipt of the MVA boosting vaccine, ELISpot assays showed that 34 (92%) of 37 vaccinees had HIV-specific IFN-gamma responses, 32 (86%) to Gag and 24 (65%) to Env. IFN-gamma production was detected in both the CD8(+) T cell compartment (5 of 9 selected vaccinees) and the CD4(+) T cell compartment (9 of 9). ELISpot results showed that 25 (68%) of 37 vaccinees had a positive IL-2 response and 35 (92%) of 38 had a positive LPA response. Of 38 subjects, a total of 37 (97%) were responders. One milligram of HIV-1 DNA administered intradermally was as effective as 4 mg administered intramuscularly in priming for the MVA boosting vaccine. CONCLUSION This HIV-DNA priming-MVA boosting approach is safe and highly immunogenic. TRIALS REGISTRATION International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial number: ISRCTN32604572 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sandström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Sweden.
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30
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McBurney SP, Ross TM. Viral sequence diversity: challenges for AIDS vaccine designs. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008; 7:1405-17. [PMID: 18980542 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.9.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among the greatest challenges facing AIDS vaccine development is the intrinsic diversity among circulating populations of HIV-1 in various geographical locations and the need to develop vaccines that can elicit enduring protective immunity to variant HIV-1 strains. While variation is observed in all of the viral proteins, the greatest diversity is localized to the viral envelope glycoproteins, evidently reflecting the predominant role of these proteins in eliciting host immune recognition and responses that result in progressive evolution of the envelope proteins during persistent infection. Interestingly, while envelope glycoprotein variation is widely assumed to be a major obstacle to AIDS vaccine development, there is very little experimental data in animal or human lentivirus systems addressing this critical issue. In this review, the state of vaccine development to address envelope diversity will be presented, focusing on the use of centralized and polyvalent sequence design as mechanisms to elicit broadly reactive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P McBurney
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Research, Program in Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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31
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Boberg A, Bråve A, Johansson S, Wahren B, Hinkula J, Rollman E. Murine models for HIV vaccination and challenge. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008; 7:117-30. [PMID: 18251698 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.1.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 only infects humans and chimpanzees. SIV or SHIV are, therefore, used as models for HIV in rhesus, cynomologus and pigtail macaques. Since conducting experiments in primate models does not fully mimic infection or vaccination against HIV-1 and is expensive, there is a great need for small-animal models in which it is possible to study HIV-1 infection, immunity and vaccine efficacy. This review summarizes the available murine models for studying HIV-1 infection with an emphasis on our experience of the HIV-1-infected-cell challenge as a model for evaluating candidate HIV-1 vaccines. In the cell-based challenge model, several important factors that, hopefully, can be related to vaccine efficacy in humans were discovered: the efficiency of combining plasmid DNA representing several of the viral genes originating from multiple clades of HIV-1, the importance of adjuvants activating innate and induced immunity and the enhanced HIV eradication by drug-conjugated antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Boberg
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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32
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Abstract
Development of an HIV/AIDS vaccine has been slow because classical approaches to vaccine development have not yielded a vaccine. Encouragingly, new approaches using recombinant viral vectors, DNA vaccines, and combinations of different vectors in heterologous prime/boost regimens are yielding vaccines capable of controlling virulent immunodeficiency virus challenges in non-human primate models. These new vaccines elicit T cells capable of recognizing and killing virus-infected cells. Brief synopses are given for six vaccines currently advancing in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Robinson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Ljungberg K, Whitmore AC, Fluet ME, Moran TP, Shabman RS, Collier ML, Kraus AA, Thompson JM, Montefiori DC, Beard C, Johnston RE. Increased immunogenicity of a DNA-launched Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-based replicon DNA vaccine. J Virol 2007; 81:13412-23. [PMID: 17913817 PMCID: PMC2168848 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01799-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel genetic vaccine that is based on a Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) replicon launched from plasmid DNA is described. The plasmid encodes a VEE replicon under the transcriptional control of the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter (VEE DNA). The VEE DNA consistently expressed 3- to 15-fold more green fluorescent protein in vitro than did a conventional DNA vaccine. Furthermore, transfection with the DNA-launched VEE replicon induced apoptosis and type I interferon production. Inoculation of mice with VEE DNA encoding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 significantly increased humoral responses by several orders of magnitude compared to an equal dose of a conventional DNA vaccine. These increases were also observed at 10- and 100-fold-lower doses of the VEE DNA. Cellular immune responses measured by gamma interferon and interleukin 2 enzyme-linked immunospot assay were significantly higher in mice immunized with the VEE DNA at decreased doses. The immune responses induced by the VEE DNA-encoded antigen, however, were independent of an intact type I interferon signaling pathway. Moreover, the DNA-launched VEE replicon induced an efficient prime to a VEE replicon particle (VRP) boost, increasing humoral and cellular immunity by at least 1 order of magnitude compared to VEE DNA only. Importantly, immunization with VEE DNA, as opposed to VRP, did not induce any anti-VRP neutralizing antibodies. Increased potency of DNA vaccines and reduced vector immunity may ultimately have an impact on the design of vaccination strategies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Ljungberg
- Carolina Vaccine Institute, 9th Floor Burnett-Womack, West Drive, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7292, USA.
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