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Liu Y, Pu Y, Shen L, Li D, Xu J, He X, Wang Y. Isoflavones isolated from the fruits of Ficus altissima and their anti-proliferative activities. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105966. [PMID: 38631600 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Ficus altissima, also known as lofty fig, is a monoecious plant from the Moraceae family commonly found in southern China. In this study, we isolated and identified one new isoflavone (1), three new hydroxycoumaronochromones (2a, 2b and 3a) and 12 known compounds from the fruits of F. altissima. Their chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic analysis methods. We also tested all the isolated compounds for their anti-proliferative activities against eight human tumour cell lines (A-549, AGS, K562, K562/ADR, HepG2, HeLa, SPC-A-1 and CNE2) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Our experiments showed that compound 6 exhibited obvious anti-proliferative activity against the K562 cell line with an IC50 value of 1.55 μM. Additionally, compounds 8 and 9 showed significant anti-proliferative activities against the AGS and K562 cell lines, respectively. Moreover, compound 6 induced apoptosis in K562 cells through the caspase family signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yajing Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liyuan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Bhattacharjee P, Sarkar P, Bhadra K. Evaluation of therapeutic role of harmaline: in vitro cytotoxicity targeting nucleic acids. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:519-533. [PMID: 37656039 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2251116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Use of small molecules as valuable drugs against diseases is still an indefinable purpose due to the lack of in-detail knowledge regarding proper bio-target identification, specificity aspects, mode-mechanism of binding and proper in vitro study. Harmaline, an important beta-carboline alkaloid, shows effective anti-proliferative action against different types of human cancers and is also found to be a nucleic acid targeting natural molecule. This review sought to address the different signal pathways of apoptosis by harmaline in different cancer cell lines and simultaneously to characterize the structure activity aspects of the alkaloid with different motifs of nucleic acid to show its preference, biological efficacy and genotoxicity. The results open up new insights for the design and development of small molecule-based nucleic acid therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paromita Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, W. Bengal 741235, India
| | - Kakali Bhadra
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, W. Bengal 741235, India
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Han Y, Kim U, Jung KJ, Lee JY, Lee K, Shin SY, Kimm H, Jee SH. Metabolic changes preceding bladder cancer occurrence among Korean men: a nested case-control study from the KCPS-II cohort. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:23. [PMID: 38053135 PMCID: PMC10696702 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BLCA) research in Koreans is still lacking, especially in focusing on the prediction of BLCA. The current study aimed to discover metabolic signatures related to BLCA onset and confirm its potential as a biomarker. METHODS We designed two nested case-control studies using Korean Cancer Prevention Study (KCPS)-II. Only males aged 35-69 were randomly selected and divided into two sets by recruitment organizations [set 1, BLCA (n = 35) vs. control (n = 35); set 2, BLCA (n = 31) vs. control (n = 31)]. Baseline serum samples were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics profiling, and OPLS-DA and network analysis were performed. Calculated genetic risk score (GRS) for BLCA from all KCPS participants was utilized for interpreting metabolomics data. RESULTS Critical metabolic signatures shown in the BLCA group were dysregulation of lysine metabolism and tryptophan-indole metabolism. Furthermore, the prediction model consisting of metabolites (lysine, tryptophan, indole, indoleacrylic acid, and indoleacetaldehyde) reflecting these metabolic signatures showed mighty BLCA predictive power (AUC: 0.959 [0.929-0.989]). The results of metabolic differences between GRS-high and GRS-low groups in BLCA indicated that the pathogenesis of BLCA is associated with a genetic predisposition. Besides, the predictive ability for BLCA on the model using GRS and five significant metabolites was powerful (AUC: 0.990 [0.980-1.000]). CONCLUSION Metabolic signatures shown in the present research may be closely associated with BLCA pathogenesis. Metabolites involved in these could be predictive biomarkers for BLCA. It could be utilized for early diagnosis, prognostic diagnosis, and therapeutic targets for BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Han
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Unchong Kim
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangbae Lee
- Korea Medical Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Heejin Kimm
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Vahedi MM, Shahini A, Mottahedi M, Garousi S, Shariat Razavi SA, Pouyamanesh G, Afshari AR, Ferns GA, Bahrami A. Harmaline exerts potentially anti-cancer effects on U-87 human malignant glioblastoma cells in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4357-4366. [PMID: 36943605 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harmaline is a β-carboline alkaloid that can be extracted from the seeds of Peganum harmala. Harmaline has been shown to exhibit a potent cytotoxic effect against tumor cells. In this study, the anti-glioblastoma activity of harmaline was investigated in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest were assessed in U-87 cells treated with harmaline at different doses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the mRNA expression of apoptosis-associated genes were assessed. The anti-metastatic effect of harmaline on U-87 cells was evaluated by gelatin zymography assay where matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-2/-9 enzymatic activity was measured, and the scratch assay was used to assess migratory responses. Flow cytometry demonstrated that harmaline could suppress the proliferation and induce sub-G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in glioblastoma cells. Harmaline treatment was also associated with an upregulation of the cell cycle-related genes, p21 and p53, and pro-apoptotic Bax, as well as the induction of ROS. The zymography assay indicated that the essential steps of metastasis were potently suppressed by harmaline through inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and - 9. In addition, the migration of U-87 cells was significantly reduced after harmaline treatment. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a basis for further research of harmaline which has potential cytotoxic activities in glioblastoma cells; inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, repression of migration, possibly invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Shahini
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Mottahedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Setareh Garousi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ghazaleh Pouyamanesh
- Department of medical laboratory science, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Targeting inhibition of microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 by Harmaline: Strategy to combat Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:188-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Qin R, You FM, Zhao Q, Xie X, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Naturally derived indole alkaloids targeting regulated cell death (RCD) for cancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutic targets. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:133. [PMID: 36104717 PMCID: PMC9471064 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a critical and active process that is controlled by specific signal transduction pathways and can be regulated by genetic signals or drug interventions. Meanwhile, RCD is closely related to the occurrence and therapy of multiple human cancers. Generally, RCD subroutines are the key signals of tumorigenesis, which are contributed to our better understanding of cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. Indole alkaloids derived from natural sources are well defined for their outstanding biological and pharmacological properties, like vincristine, vinblastine, staurosporine, indirubin, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane, which are currently used in the clinic or under clinical assessment. Moreover, such compounds play a significant role in discovering novel anticancer agents. Thus, here we systemically summarized recent advances in indole alkaloids as anticancer agents by targeting different RCD subroutines, including the classical apoptosis and autophagic cell death signaling pathways as well as the crucial signaling pathways of other RCD subroutines, such as ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, and anoikis, in cancer. Moreover, we further discussed the cross talk between different RCD subroutines mediated by indole alkaloids and the combined strategies of multiple agents (e.g., 3,10-dibromofascaplysin combined with olaparib) to exhibit therapeutic potential against various cancers by regulating RCD subroutines. In short, the information provided in this review on the regulation of cell death by indole alkaloids against different targets is expected to be beneficial for the design of novel molecules with greater targeting and biological properties, thereby facilitating the development of new strategies for cancer therapy.
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Zhang T, Liu GY, Cao JL, Li YN, Xue H, Wu HT, Jin CH. Peimine-induced apoptosis and inhibition of migration by regulating reactive oxygen species-mediated MAPK/STAT3/NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in gastric cancer MKN-45 cells. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1683-1696. [PMID: 36048972 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Peimine (PM), a natural product extracted from Fritillaria, has anti-inflammatory, drug resistance reversal, and other pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects and the molecular mechanisms of PM using gastric cancer MKN-45 cells. Cell counting kit-8 assays were used to evaluate the viability of gastric cancer cells after treatment with PM. The results showed that PM significantly reduced the activity of gastric cancer cells, and the effect was most obvious in MKN-45 cells. Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry were used to assess apoptosis of MKN-45 cells after PM treatment. Our results showed that PM-induced apoptosis of MKN-45 cells. Flow cytometry was also used to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and to assess PM-induced cell-cycle arrest. Additionally, Western blot was used to analyze the expression of signaling pathway proteins and the relationship between apoptosis and ROS accumulation. Our findings showed that PM destroyed the mitochondria by diminishing the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, PM regulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathways by promoting the accumulation of ROS in MKN-45 cells. PM also caused cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase by increasing ROS accumulation. Furthermore, PM inhibited cell migration by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, PM plays an anticancer role through endogenous apoptosis pathways and by inhibiting cell migration, and it has the potential to be a useful treatment for gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Guo-Yan Liu
- Hemodialysis Center, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Jing-Long Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yan-Nan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing, China.,Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Rashidi M, Mahmoudian E, Mirzaei S, Mazloomi SN, Bazi A, Azadeh H, Mozaffari M. Harmaline downregulates angiogenesis markers and suppresses the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110087. [PMID: 35963316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The anti-angiogenic effects of harmaline, an alkaloid with emerging anti-tumor properties, are under investigation. In the present study, the effects of different doses of harmaline, either alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DOX), were assessed in mice models of breast tumor. Breast tumors were created by the subcutaneous injection of 4T1 cells into Balb/c mice. The mice received either normal saline, harmaline alone (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg), or harmaline (20 mg/kg) + DOX (10 mg/kg). Immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and real-time PCR were conducted to measure target parameters. Harmaline significantly increased tumor cells' sensitivity to DOX as confirmed by a significantly reduced tumor volume in the harmaline + DOX group after 24 days (P < 0.05). Also, the levels of Ki-67 (P < 0.001), MMP-2 (P < 0.001), and VEGF (P < 0.001) significantly decreased while the level of E-cadherin increased (P < 0.001) in the tumor tissues of the mice treated with 20 or 30 mg/kg harmaline or harmaline (20 mg/kg) + DOX (10 mg/kg) compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction in the serum level of IL-4 in tumor-bearing mice treated with harmaline (P < 0.05), and IFN-γ serum level was significantly augmented in all experimental groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The genes encoding VEGF, VEGF receptor 2, CD105, and COX2 were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05 for all) in harmaline-treated (either alone or in combination with DOX) mice. In conclusion, harmaline seems to have the potential to be used as an anticancer agent for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center,Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Elham Mahmoudian
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 ch. Smyth Rd., Roger Guindon Hall, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyadeh Narges Mazloomi
- The Health of Plant and LivestockProducts Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Food and Drug Administration, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Bazi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hossein Azadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mobina Mozaffari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Ma W, Wang S, Wang Y, Zeng J, Xu J, He X. Antiproliferative Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from the bulbs of Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 197:113112. [PMID: 35101748 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed Amaryllidaceae alkaloids classified into four types, including the plicamine-type, secoplicamine-type, belladine-type and pretazettine-type, along with another three alkaloids that have not been isolated from plant material and seven known alkaloids, were isolated from the bulbs of Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. The structures were elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, MS, NMR, ECD). The isolated alkaloids were screened for antiproliferative activity against four human tumour cell lines (HepG2, HeLa, SPC-A-1, FaDu) through MTT assay, and some alkaloids exhibited potent cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, cell morphological assessment, flow cytometric analysis, Western blot analysis, clone formation and scratch wound assays were utilized for an undescribed belladine-type alkaloid and two known alkaloids, which had antiproliferative effects on the HepG2 cell line via induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. A pair of diastereoisomers of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids exhibited significant differences in antiproliferative activity. In addition, the alkaloids also possessed the potential to inhibit tumour cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Santos BWL, Moreira DC, Borges TKDS, Caldas ED. Components of Banisteriopsis caapi, a Plant Used in the Preparation of the Psychoactive Ayahuasca, Induce Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Microglial Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082500. [PMID: 35458698 PMCID: PMC9025580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Banisteriopsis caapi is used to prepare the psychoactive beverage ayahuasca, and both have therapeutic potential for the treatment of many central nervous system (CNS) conditions. This study aimed to isolate new bioactive compounds from B. caapi extract and evaluate their biological activity, and that of the known β-carboline components of the plant (harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine), in BV-2 microglial cells, the in vivo activation of which is implicated in the physiopathology of CNS disorders. B. caapi extract was fractionated using semipreparative liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) and the exact masses ([M + H]+m/z) of the compounds in the 5 isolated fractions were determined by high-resolution LC-MS/MS: F1 (174.0918 and 233.1289), F2 (353.1722), F3 (304.3001), F4 (188.1081), and F5 (205.0785). Harmine (75.5–302 µM) significantly decreased cell viability after 2 h of treatment and increased the number of necrotic cells and production of reactive oxygen species at equal or lower concentrations after 24 h. F4 did not impact viability but was also cytotoxic after 24 h. Most treatments reduced proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and/or TNF), especially harmaline and F5 at 2.5 µM and higher concentrations, tetrahydroharmine (9.3 µM and higher), and F5 (10.7 µM and higher). The results suggest that the compounds found in B. caapi extract have anti-inflammatory potential that could be explored for the development of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Werneck Lopes Santos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Carneiro Moreira
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (D.C.M.); (T.K.d.S.B.)
| | - Tatiana Karla dos Santos Borges
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (D.C.M.); (T.K.d.S.B.)
| | - Eloisa Dutra Caldas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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Nasibova T. Cancer Statistics and Anticancer Potential of Peganum harmala Alkaloids: A Review. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i1.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world. Although it develops in various organs and tissues, some species maintain a stable position in the ranking. Although the cancer causes are different, the specific grounds for each type are also noted. Sometimes the increase in incidents and mortality is associated with geographical reasons. Increases in statistics, expensive and chemotherapeutic methods focus on plant-based substances. One of such potential plants is Peganum harmala, which contains alkaloids such as harmine, harmaline, harmol, and harmalol. The effects of these compounds on many cancer cells have been tested, and positive results have been obtained. This fact reinforces the claim that more in-depth research on noted alkaloids is needed.
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Anticancer Effects and Molecular Action of 7-α-Hydroxyfrullanolide in G2/M-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020407. [PMID: 35056723 PMCID: PMC8779136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. TNBC cells respond poorly to targeted chemotherapies currently in use and the mortality rate of TNBC remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new chemotherapeutic agents for TNBC. In this study, the anti-cancer effects of 7-α-hydroxyfrullanolide (7HF), derived from Grangea maderaspatana, on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells were assessed using MTT assay. The mode of action of 7HF in TNBC cells treated with 6, 12 and 24 µM of 7HF was determined by flow cytometry and propidium iodide (PI) staining for cell cycle analysis and annexin V/fluorescein isothiocyanate + PI staining for detecting apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of action of 7HF in TNBC cells was investigated by evaluating protein expression using proteomic techniques and western blotting. Subsequently, 7HF exhibited the strongest anti-TNBC activity toward MDA-MB-468 cells and a concomitantly weak toxicity toward normal breast cells. The molecular mechanism of action of low-dose 7HF in TNBC cells primarily involved G2/M-phase arrest through upregulation of the expression of Bub3, cyclin B1, phosphorylated Cdk1 (Tyr 15) and p53-independent p21. Contrastingly, the upregulation of PP2A-A subunit expression may have modulated the suppression of various cell survival proteins such as p-Akt (Ser 473), FoxO3a and β-catenin. The concurrent apoptotic effect of 7HF on the treated cells was mediated via both intrinsic and extrinsic modes through the upregulation of Bax and active cleaved caspase-7–9 expression and downregulation of Bcl-2 and full-length caspase-7–9 expression. Notably, the proteomic approach revealed the upregulation of the expression of pivotal protein clusters associated with G1/S-phase arrest, G2/M-phase transition and apoptosis. Thus, 7HF exhibits promising anti-TNBC activity and at a low dose, it modulates signal transduction associated with G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis.
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Alomar ML, Yañuk JG, Angel SO, Gonzalez MM, Cabrerizo FM. In vitro Effect of Harmine Alkaloid and Its N-Methyl Derivatives Against Toxoplasma gondii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716534. [PMID: 34421876 PMCID: PMC8375385 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent and neglected zoonotic global diseases caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The current pharmacological treatments show clinical limitations, and therefore, the search for new drugs is an urgent need in order to eradicate this infection. Due to their intrinsic biological activities, β-carboline (βC) alkaloids might represent a good alternative that deserves further investigations. In this context, the in vitro anti-T. gondii activity of three βCs, harmine (1), 2-methyl-harminium (2), and 9-methyl-harmine (3), was evaluated herein. Briefly, the three alkaloids exerted direct effects on the parasite invasion and/or replication capability. Replication rates of intracellular treated tachyzoites were also affected in a dose-dependent manner, at noncytotoxic concentrations for host cells. Additionally, cell cycle analysis revealed that both methyl-derivatives 2 and 3 induce parasite arrest in S/M phases. Compound 3 showed the highest irreversible parasite growth inhibition, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.8 ± 0.2 μM and a selectivity index (SI) of 17.2 at 4 days post infection. Due to high replication rates, tachyzoites are frequently subjected to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). This highly toxic lesion triggers a series of DNA damage response reactions, starting with a kinase cascade that phosphorylates a large number of substrates, including the histone H2A.X to lead the early DSB marker γH2A.X. Western blot studies showed that basal expression of γH2A.X was reduced in the presence of 3. Interestingly, the typical increase in γH2A.X levels produced by camptothecin (CPT), a drug that generates DSB, was not observed when CPT was co-administered with 3. These findings suggest that 3 might disrupt Toxoplasma DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Alomar
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Juan G Yañuk
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Sergio O Angel
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, INTECH, UNSAM - CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - M Micaela Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
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Cytotoxic mechanisms of primin, a natural quinone isolated from Eugenia hiemalis, on hematological cancer cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:709-717. [PMID: 32639281 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Considering the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with hematological malignancies and the frequent development of drug resistance by these diseases, the search for new cytotoxic agents is an urgent necessity. The new compounds should present higher efficiency and specificity in inducing tumor cell death, be easily administered and have little or negligible adverse effects. Quinones have been reported in the literature by their several pharmacological properties, including antitumor activity, thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of primin, a natural quinone, on hematological malignancies cell lines. Primin was highly cytotoxic against the three cell lines included in this study (K562, Jurkat and MM.1S) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the MTT method. The compound triggered an apoptotic-like cell death, as observed by ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining, DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine exposure after labeling with Annexin V. Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis are involved in cell death induced by primin, as well as the modulation of cell proliferation marker KI-67. The activation of intrinsic apoptosis appears to be related to a decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression. While the increase in FasR expression signals activate extrinsic apoptosis. The results suggest that primin is a promising natural molecule that could be used in hematological malignancies therapy or as prototypes for the development of new chemotherapics.
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Jalali A, Dabaghian F, Zarshenas MM. Alkaloids of Peganum harmala: Anticancer Biomarkers with Promising Outcomes. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:185-196. [PMID: 33238864 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201125103941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a serious and growing global health issue worldwide. In the cancerous cells, the normal cell cycle has been disrupted via a series of irreversible changes. Recently, the investigations on herbal medicine and clarifying the phytochemicals potential in treat cancer has been increased. The combination of phytochemicals with conventional cancer treatment approaches can improve outcomes via advancing cell death, restraining cell proliferation and invasion, sensitizing cancerous cells, and promoting the immune system. Therefore, phytochemicals can be introduced as relevant complementary medicaments in cancer therapy. Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) as a valuable medicinal herb, possesses various alkaloid ingredient. OBJECTIVE Pointing to the importance of new avenues for cancer management and P. harmala convincing effect in this field, this review strived to collect a frame to epitome possible scopes to develop novel medicines in cancer treatment. METHODS Keywords "Peganum harmala" and cancer, or chemotherapy, or anti-neoplasm were searched through the "Scopus" database up to 29th of February 2020. Papers linking to agriculture, chemistry, environmental, and genetics sciences were omitted and, papers centered on cancer were selected. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the current study, 42 related papers to cancer treatment and 22 papers on alkaloid bioactive components are collected from 72 papers. The β-carboline alkaloids derived from P. harmala, especially harmine, demonstrate notable anticancer properties by targeting apoptosis, autophagy, abnormal cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cytotoxicity. Based on the collected information, P. harmala holds significant anticancer activity. Considering the mechanism of the various anticancer drugs and their acting similarity to P. harmala, the alkaloids derived from this herb, particularly harmine, can introduce as a novel anticancer medicine solely or in adjuvant cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Jalali
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farid Dabaghian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Roy S, Mohammad T, Gupta P, Dahiya R, Parveen S, Luqman S, Hasan GM, Hassan MI. Discovery of Harmaline as a Potent Inhibitor of Sphingosine Kinase-1: A Chemopreventive Role in Lung Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21550-21560. [PMID: 32905276 PMCID: PMC7469376 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sphingosine kinase-1/sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway is linked with the cancer progression and survival of the chemotherapy-challenged cells. Sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) has emerged as an attractive drug target, but their inhibitors from natural sources are limited. In this study, we have chosen harmaline, one of the β-carboline alkaloids, and report its mechanism of binding to SphK1 and subsequent inhibition. Molecular docking combined with fluorescence binding studies revealed that harmaline binds to the substrate-binding pocket of SphK1 with an appreciable binding affinity and significantly inhibits the kinase activity of SphK1 with an IC50 value in the micromolar range. The cytotoxic effect of harmaline on non-small-cell lung cancer cells by MTT assay was found to be higher for H1299 compared to A549. Harmaline induces apoptosis in non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells (H1299 and A549), possibly via the intrinsic pathway. Our findings suggest that harmaline could be implicated as a scaffold for designing potent anticancer molecules with SphK1 inhibitory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Roy
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rashmi Dahiya
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shahnaz Parveen
- Molecular
Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central
Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Molecular
Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central
Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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17
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Ahmad I, Fakhri S, Khan H, Jeandet P, Aschner M, Yu ZL. Targeting cell cycle by β-carboline alkaloids in vitro: Novel therapeutic prospects for the treatment of cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109229. [PMID: 32835667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle dysregulation is the mainstay of aberrant cell proliferation, which leads to tumor progression. Mutations in tumor cells initiate various dysregulated pathways and spontaneous over-proliferation with genomic/chromosomal instability. Despite advances in cancer therapy, it has remained a medicinal challenge to treat. Besides, the complexity of pathophysiological pathways behind cancer raises the need for novel multi-target agents, possessing fewer side effects. Alkaloid-based therapies have been explored so far to target cell division in cancer, including vinca alkaloids. As a class of hopeful β-carboline derivatives, growing evidence has indicated their auspicious roles in combating cancer by inhibiting topoisomerase (TOPO), kinesin Eg5, telomerase, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), IκB kinase (IKK), and polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) in the transition phases of cell cycle. In this review, in vitro potential of β-carboline has been revealed through targeting cell division cycle at different phases. In conclusion, β-carboline alkaloids could be introduced as novel candidates in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, Faculty of Sciences University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex, 51687, France.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Forchheimer 209 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Li H, Wang Z, Wang Y, Xu J, He X. Triterpenoids with anti-proliferative effects from the seeds of Peganum harmala L. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 174:112342. [PMID: 32172018 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three undescribed lupane-type triterpenoids (1-3), three undescribed oleanane-type triterpenoids (4-6), and ten known pentacyclic triterpenoids (7-16) were isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae). Their structures were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods (IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR). All the triterpenoids were screened for anti-proliferative activity against HeLa, HepG2, and SGC-7901 cells using the MTT method. Except compounds 1, 2, and 13, all the other triterpenoids exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against tumour cells. Compounds 3, 6, and 15 inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, as observed by the colony formation assay. When HeLa cells were treated with different doses of compounds 3, 6, and 15, the cell nuclei changed shape to a crescent form and were condensed and fragmented, as observed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Additionally, these three triterpenoids induced the apoptosis in HeLa cells, which was detected by Western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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19
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Efferth T, Oesch F. Repurposing of plant alkaloids for cancer therapy: Pharmacology and toxicology. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:143-163. [PMID: 31883912 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing (or repositioning) is an emerging concept to use old drugs for new treatment indications. Phytochemicals isolated from medicinal plants have been largely neglected in this context, although their pharmacological activities have been well investigated in the past, and they may have considerable potentials for repositioning. A grand number of plant alkaloids inhibit syngeneic or xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Molecular modes of action in cancer cells include induction of cell cycle arrest, intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, autophagy, inhibition of angiogenesis and glycolysis, stress and anti-inflammatory responses, regulation of immune functions, cellular differentiation, and inhibition of invasion and metastasis. Numerous underlying signaling processes are affected by plant alkaloids. Furthermore, plant alkaloids suppress carcinogenesis, indicating chemopreventive properties. Some plant alkaloids reveal toxicities such as hepato-, nephro- or genotoxicity, which disqualifies them for repositioning purposes. Others even protect from hepatotoxicity or cardiotoxicity of xenobiotics and established anticancer drugs. The present survey of the published literature clearly demonstrates that plant alkaloids have the potential for repositioning in cancer therapy. Exploitation of the chemical diversity of natural alkaloids may enrich the candidate pool of compounds for cancer chemotherapy and -prevention. Their further preclinical and clinical development should follow the same stringent rules as for any other synthetic drug as well. Prospective randomized, placebo-controlled clinical phase I and II trials should be initiated to unravel the full potential of plant alkaloids for drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Franz Oesch
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Wang D, Li W, Zhao R, Chen L, Liu N, Tian Y, Zhao H, Xie M, Lu F, Fang Q, Liang W, Yin F, Li Z. Stabilized Peptide HDAC Inhibitors Derived from HDAC1 Substrate H3K56 for the Treatment of Cancer Stem-Like Cells In Vivo. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1769-1783. [PMID: 30842103 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
FDA-approved HDAC inhibitors exhibit dose-limiting adverse effects; thus, we sought to improve the therapeutic windows for this class of drugs. In this report, we describe a new class of peptide-based HDAC inhibitors derived from the HDAC1-specific substrate H3K56 with improved nonspecific toxicity compared with traditional small-molecular inhibitors. We showed that our designed peptides exerted superior antiproliferation effects on cancer stem-like cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells compared with the small-molecular inhibitor SAHA, which showed nonspecific toxicity to normal and cancer cells. These peptide inhibitors also inactivated cellular HDAC1 and HDAC6 and disrupted the formation of the HDAC1, LSD1, and CoREST complex. In ovarian teratocarcinoma (PA-1) and testicular embryonic carcinoma (NTERA-2) cell xenograft animal models (5 mice/group, 50 mg/kg, every other day, intraperitoneal injection), these peptides inhibited tumor growth by 80% to 90% with negligible organ (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain) lesions. These results represent the first attempt to design chemically stabilized peptide inhibitors to investigate HDAC inhibition in cancer stem-like cells. These novel peptide inhibitors have significantly enhanced therapeutic window and offer promising opportunities for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Selective antiproliferative effects of stabilized peptide HDAC inhibitors toward cancer stem-like cells provide a therapeutic alternative that avoids high nonspecific toxicity of current drugs.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/8/1769/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyuan Wang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongtong Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longjian Chen
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Division of Life Science, Clarivate Analytics, Beijing, China
| | - Mingsheng Xie
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Lu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Fang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Yin
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zigang Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
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21
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Erekat NS. Cerebellar Upregulation of Cell Surface Death Receptor-Mediated Apoptotic Factors in Harmaline-Induced Tremor: An Immunohistochemistry Study. J Cell Death 2018; 11:1179066018809091. [PMID: 30450003 PMCID: PMC6236486 DOI: 10.1177/1179066018809091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Active caspase-3-mediated apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of
harmaline-induced tremor. The aim of this study is to illustrate the impact of
tremor induction on the expression of factors mediating the cell surface death
receptor–dependent apoptosis. A total of 20 normal Wistar rats were randomly
selected and equally divided into control and experimental groups. Tremor was
induced in the experimental group by injecting the rats with a single dose of
harmaline (50 mg/kg). After that, cerebellar tissues were evaluated by
immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of tumor necrosis factor α
(TNF-α) and active caspase-8 in the 2 groups of animals. TNF-α and active
caspase-8 expression was significantly higher in cerebella from experimental
rats compared with that in those from the control rats (P
value < .01). Thus, our present data suggest the association of tremor
induction with the cerebellar overexpression of TNF-α and active caspase-8,
correlative with Purkinje cell (PC) loss indicated by loss of calbindin
immunoreactivity, indicating the induction of the cell surface death
receptor–mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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23
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Shu B, Cui G, Zhong G. Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activity of the Novel Harmine Derivative ZC-14 in Sf9 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534494 PMCID: PMC5877672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmine, one of the natural β-carboline alkaloids extracted from Peganum harmala L., exhibits broad spectrum but limited insecticidal ability against many pests. So there is an urgent need to synthesize novel derivatives with high efficiency. In the present study, a new synthetic compound, [1-(2-naphthyl)-3-(2-thioxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl) β-carboline] (ZC-14), showed a strong proliferation inhibition effect against the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, apoptosis induced by 7.5 μg/mL ZC-14 was confirmed with physiological and biochemical evidence, including typical apoptosis characteristics with shrinkage, apoptotic bodies, nuclear condensation/fragmentation, a clear DNA ladder, and a series of apoptotic rates. In addition, mitochondria were confirmed to be involved in apoptosis induced by ZC-14 accompanied with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and increased expression of cleaved-caspase-3. However, harmine could not induce apoptosis at the same concentration. In summary, these data indicated that compound ZC-14 has a higher cytotoxicity than harmine against Sf9 cells. Besides, it exhibited an anti-proliferative effect in Sf9 cells via inducing apoptosis in which the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Benshui Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Ahmed SA, Seth D. Investigation of interaction of an alkaloid harmaline with cucurbit[7]uril: A spectroscopic and calorimetric study. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Xu B, Li M, Yu Y, He J, Hu S, Pan M, Lu S, Liao K, Pan Z, Zhou Y, Zhu J. Effects of harmaline on cell growth of human liver cancer through the p53/p21 and Fas/FasL signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1931-1936. [PMID: 29434892 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of harmaline on the viability and apoptosis of human liver carcinoma were investigated in vitro. HepG2 cells were treated with harmaline (0-10 µM), and the proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells were investigated using an MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The protein expression of cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (Fas), Fas ligand (FasL) and caspase-8 was subsequently measured using western blotting. In addition, an ELISA was used to analyze caspase-8/3 activity. Harmaline significantly increased p53, p21, Fas and FasL protein expression in HepG2 cells. Additionally, treatment with harmaline significantly increased the expression of caspase-8 and caspase-8/3 activity. The results from the present study suggest that harmaline suppresses the viability, but induces the apoptosis, of human liver carcinoma cells through upregulation of the p53/p21 and Fas/FasL signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Minpeng Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Siqin Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Shifeng Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Pan
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Yanxun Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Jiye Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
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Tang Y, Xie M, Jiang N, Huang F, Zhang X, Li R, Lu J, Liao S, Liu Y. Icarisid II inhibits the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28621234 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Icarisid II, one of the main active components of Herba Epimedii extracts, shows potent antitumor activity in various cancer cell lines, including osteosarcoma cells. However, the anticancer mechanism of icarisid II against osteosarcoma U2OS needs further exploration. This study aims to investigate further antitumor effects of icarisid II on human osteosarcoma cells and elucidate the underlying mechanism. We cultivated human osteosarcoma USO2 cells in vitro using different concentrations of icarisid II (0-30 µM). Cell viability was detected at 24, 48, and 72 h using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis. Cell cycle was tested by flow cytometry after treatment with icarisid II for 48 h. Annexin V-allophycocyanin and 7-aminoactinomycin D staining were conducted to detect cell apoptosis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay were performed to measure the levels of genes and proteins related to cell cycle and apoptosis. Results showed that icarisid II significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration values were 14.44, 11.02, and 7.37 µM at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Cell cycle was arrested in the G2/M phase in vitro. In addition, icarisid II upregulated the expression levels of P21 and CyclinB1 whereas downregulated the expression levels of CyclinD1, CDC2, and P-Cdc25C, which were related to cell cycle arrest in U2OS cells. The cell apoptotic rate increased in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with icarisid II for 48 h. Icarisid II induced apoptosis by upregulating Bax, downregulating Bcl-2, and activating apoptosis-related proteins, including cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. These data indicate that icarisid II exhibits an antiproliferation effect on human osteosarcoma cells and induces apoptosis by activating the caspase family in a time- and dose-dependent manner in vitro. Therefore, icarisid II may be used as a candidate agent for the clinical treatment of osteosarcoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Tang
- 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mao Xie
- 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Neng Jiang
- 2 Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ruishan Li
- 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shijie Liao
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun Liu
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Zhang Z, Zhao J, Mi Z, Pang Q, Wang A, Chen M, Liu X, Wei X, Liu T. Effects of salinomycin and 17‑AAG on proliferation of human gastric cancer cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627587 PMCID: PMC5562019 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of 17-AAG combined with salinomycin treatment on proliferation and apoptosis of the SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell line. An MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells. Morphological alterations of cells were observed under inverted phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopes. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry analysis. The protein expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and Fas-ligand (L) were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Salinomycin with a concentration range of 1–32 µmol/l was demonstrated to inhibit growth of SGC-7901 cells effectively, affect the morphology and apoptosis rate of cells, and arrest SGC-7901 cells in S phase. Furthermore, salinomycin significantly increased the protein expression of Fas-L and decreased the protein expression of NF-κB p65. The alterations in SGC-7901 cells co-treated with salinomycin and 17-AAG were more significant compared with cells treated with one drug only. In conclusion, the individual use of salinomycin and combined use with 17-AAG may significantly inhibit SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. The potential mechanisms may be associated with upregulation of Fas-L and downregulation of NF-κB. These results provide a basis for the potential use of salinomycin in gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Control, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Jumei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Control, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Zhikuan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Control, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Pang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Control, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Aihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Control, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Meini Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Control, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Control, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Control, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- The First Ward of Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shanxi 716000, P.R. China
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Li C, Wang Y, Wang C, Yi X, Li M, He X. Anticancer activities of harmine by inducing a pro-death autophagy and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 28:10-18. [PMID: 28478808 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid from Peganum harmala, has multiple anti-tumor activities, especially for its folk therapy for digestive system neoplasm. However, the underlying mechanism of harmine on gastric cancer remains unclear. PURPOSE To illuminate the potential anti-tumor activity and mechanism of harmine against gastric cancer cells. METHODS/STUDY DESIGNS The anti-proliferative activity of harmine in vitro was evaluated by MTT assay. The autophagic activity induced by harmine was assessed using GFP-LC3 transfection. FITC/PI double staining was applied for the apoptosis inspection. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 fluorescence probe. The potential mechanisms for proteins level in autophagy and apoptosis were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Harmine exhibited potent effects on both autophagy and apoptosis. Treatment with harmine could enhance dots of GFP-LC3 in cells. Meanwhile, the process had connection with Beclin-1, LC3-II, and p62 by the inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling. However, high concentration of harmine led to apoptosis characterized by the propidium/Annexin V-positive cell pollution, cell shrunk and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. The regulation of Bcl-2, Bax and the gathering of cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 contributed to the induction of apoptosis. In addition, 10μM LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of PI3K/Akt) combination with 40μM harmine significantly increased the cytotoxicity to the gastric cancer cells and up-regulated both the apoptosis-related protein (cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase-3) and autophagy-related protein (Beclin-1, LC3-II, and p62). Adding the inhibitor of autophagy, 3-MA or BafA1, increased the viability of harmine-exposured gastric cancer cells, which confirmed the role of autophagy played in the gastric cancer cell death induced by harmine. CONCLUSION Harmine might be a potent inducer of apoptosis and autophagy, which offered evidences to therapy of harmine in gastric carcinoma in the folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaomin Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingya Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Li S, Cheng X, Wang C. A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the genus Peganum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:127-162. [PMID: 28359849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants of the genus Peganum have a long history as a Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, jaundice, colic, lumbago, and many other human ailments. Additionally, the plants can be used as an amulet against evil-eye, dye and so on, which have become increasingly popular in Asia, Iran, Northwest India, and North Africa. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper reviewed the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analytical methods, biological activities, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and drug interaction of the genus Peganum in order to assess the ethnopharmacological use and to explore therapeutic potentials and future opportunities for research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on studies of the genus Peganum was gathered via the Internet (using Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Elsevier, ACS, Pudmed, Web of Science, CNKI and EMBASE) and libraries. Additionally, information was also obtained from some local books, PhD and MS's dissertations. RESULTS The genus Peganum has played an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. The main bioactive metabolites of the genus include alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oils, etc. Scientific studies on extracts and formulations revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities, antitumor, anti-hypertension, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiparasidal, anti-leishmaniasis, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. CONCLUSIONS Based on this review, there is some evidence for extracts' pharmacological effects on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, cancer, diabetes, hypertension. Some indications from ethnomedicine have been confirmed by pharmacological effects, such as the cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase and DNA topoisomerase inhibitory activities, hypoglycemic and vasodilation effects of this genus. The available literature showed that most of the activities of the genus Peganum can be attributed to the active alkaloids. Data regarding many aspects of the genus such as mechanisms of actions, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, potential drug interactions with standard-of-care medications is still limited which call for additional studies particularly in humans. Further assessments and clinical trials should be performed before it can be integrated into medicinal practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Huang Z, Tong H, Li Y, Zhou H, Qian J, Wang J, Ruan J. Post-therapeutic recovery of serum interleukin-35 level might predict positive response to immunosuppressive therapy in pediatric aplastic anemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 22:430-436. [PMID: 28211781 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1289323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The predictive value of interleukin-35 (IL-35) on efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in aplastic anemia (AA) has not been well investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between serum IL-35 level and response to IST in pediatric AA. METHODS A total of 154 children with AA and 154 controls were included between January 2012 and December 2013. Blood and bone marrow fluid specimens were collected. Serum level of IL-35 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were treated with IST, and response to therapy was evaluated during 180-day follow-up period after starting therapy. RESULTS Serum levels of IL-35 at admission decreased significantly in patients compared with that in controls (10.9 ± 5.5 pg ml-1 and 45.3 ± 8.8 pg ml-1, p < 0.001). After starting IST, serum levels of IL-35 in patients recovered 30.7 ± 9.7 pg ml-1 in the first 28 days (p < 0.001). During the follow-up period, increased range of serum IL-35 level ≥30.7 pg ml-1 in the first 28 days was associated with effective response to therapy (odds ratio 7.97, 95% confidence interval 3.82-16.79). In addition, Fas/FasL protein expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells dropped significantly in the same group of patients in the first 28 days (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study revealed that post-therapeutic recovery of circulating IL-35 concentration might be an independent predictor for effective response to IST in pediatric AA. Moreover, apoptosis might be involved in such a forecasting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- a Department of Hematology, Yuying Children's Hospital , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Hongfei Tong
- b Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Yuan Li
- a Department of Hematology, Yuying Children's Hospital , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- a Department of Hematology, Yuying Children's Hospital , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Jiangchao Qian
- a Department of Hematology, Yuying Children's Hospital , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Juxiang Wang
- a Department of Hematology, Yuying Children's Hospital , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Jichen Ruan
- a Department of Hematology, Yuying Children's Hospital , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
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Ong SM, Saeki K, Tanaka Y, Nishimura R, Nakagawa T. Effects of etoposide alone and in combination with piroxicam on canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Vet J 2016; 218:51-59. [PMID: 27938709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumour in dogs. The poor survival rate in dogs with OSA highlights the need for new therapeutic approaches. This study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of etoposide, alone and in combination with piroxicam, on canine OSA cell cultures. Etoposide alone significantly suppressed cell growth and viability, whereas etoposide in combination with piroxicam exhibited concentration dependent cytotoxicity. The anti-proliferative effect was a result of inactivity of the Cdc2-cyclin B1 complex, which correlated with an increase in the G2/M fraction. This subsequently activated the apoptosis cascade, as indicated by elevated apoptosis levels and up-regulation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolytic cleavage. Down-regulation of survivin expression induced by the combination treatment may have contributed to the enhanced cytotoxicity. The results of this study suggest that further investigation of etoposide and piroxicam as a therapeutic combination for canine OSA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - K Saeki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Y Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - R Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - T Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Ceramide mediates FasL-induced caspase 8 activation in colon carcinoma cells to enhance FasL-induced cytotoxicity by tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30816. [PMID: 27487939 PMCID: PMC4973238 DOI: 10.1038/srep30816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FasL-mediated cytotoxicity is one of the mechanisms that CTLs use to kill tumor cells. However, human colon carcinoma often deregulates the Fas signaling pathway to evade host cancer immune surveillance. We aimed at testing the hypothesis that novel ceramide analogs effectively modulate Fas function to sensitize colon carcinoma cells to FasL-induced apoptosis. We used rational design and synthesized twenty ceramide analogs as Fas function modulators. Five ceramide analogs, IG4, IG7, IG14, IG17, and IG19, exhibit low toxicity and potent activity in sensitization of human colon carcinoma cells to FasL-induced apoptosis. Functional deficiency of Fas limits both FasL and ceramide analogs in the induction of apoptosis. Ceramide enhances FasL-induced activation of the MAPK, NF-κB, and caspase 8 despite induction of potent tumor cell death. Finally, a sublethal dose of several ceramide analogs significantly increased CTL-mediated and FasL-induced apoptosis of colon carcinoma cells. We have therefore developed five novel ceramide analogs that act at a sublethal dose to enhance the efficacy of tumor-specific CTLs, and these ceramide analogs hold great promise for further development as adjunct agents in CTL-based colon cancer immunotherapy.
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