1
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Morgun E, Zhu J, Almunif S, Bobbala S, Aguilar MS, Wang J, Conner K, Cui Y, Cao L, Seshadri C, Scott EA, Wang CR. Vaccination with mycobacterial lipid loaded nanoparticle leads to lipid antigen persistence and memory differentiation of antigen-specific T cells. eLife 2023; 12:RP87431. [PMID: 37877801 PMCID: PMC10599656 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection elicits both protein and lipid antigen-specific T cell responses. However, the incorporation of lipid antigens into subunit vaccine strategies and formulations has been underexplored, and the characteristics of vaccine-induced Mtb lipid-specific memory T cells have remained elusive. Mycolic acid (MA), a major lipid component of the Mtb cell wall, is presented by human CD1b molecules to unconventional T cell subsets. These MA-specific CD1b-restricted T cells have been detected in the blood and disease sites of Mtb-infected individuals, suggesting that MA is a promising lipid antigen for incorporation into multicomponent subunit vaccines. In this study, we utilized the enhanced stability of bicontinuous nanospheres (BCN) to efficiently encapsulate MA for in vivo delivery to MA-specific T cells, both alone and in combination with an immunodominant Mtb protein antigen (Ag85B). Pulmonary administration of MA-loaded BCN (MA-BCN) elicited MA-specific T cell responses in humanized CD1 transgenic mice. Simultaneous delivery of MA and Ag85B within BCN activated both MA- and Ag85B-specific T cells. Notably, pulmonary vaccination with MA-Ag85B-BCN resulted in the persistence of MA, but not Ag85B, within alveolar macrophages in the lung. Vaccination of MA-BCN through intravenous or subcutaneous route, or with attenuated Mtb likewise reproduced MA persistence. Moreover, MA-specific T cells in MA-BCN-vaccinated mice differentiated into a T follicular helper-like phenotype. Overall, the BCN platform allows for the dual encapsulation and in vivo activation of lipid and protein antigen-specific T cells and leads to persistent lipid depots that could offer long-lasting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Jennifer Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Sultan Almunif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Melissa S Aguilar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Kathleen Conner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Yongyong Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
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2
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Morgun E, Zhu J, Almunif S, Bobbala S, Aguilar MS, Wang J, Conner K, Cui Y, Cao L, Seshadri C, Scott EA, Wang CR. Vaccination with mycobacterial lipid loaded nanoparticle leads to lipid antigen persistence and memory differentiation of antigen-specific T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531489. [PMID: 36945395 PMCID: PMC10028924 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection elicits both protein and lipid antigen-specific T cell responses. However, the incorporation of lipid antigens into subunit vaccine strategies and formulations has been underexplored, and the characteristics of vaccine-induced Mtb lipid-specific memory T cells have remained elusive. Mycolic acid (MA), a major lipid component of the Mtb cell wall, is presented by human CD1b molecules to unconventional T cell subsets. These MA-specific CD1b-restricted T cells have been detected in the blood and disease sites of Mtb-infected individuals, suggesting that MA is a promising lipid antigen for incorporation into multicomponent subunit vaccines. In this study, we utilized the enhanced stability of bicontinuous nanospheres (BCN) to efficiently encapsulate MA for in vivo delivery to MA-specific T cells, both alone and in combination with an immunodominant Mtb protein antigen (Ag85B). Pulmonary administration of MA-loaded BCN (MA-BCN) elicited MA-specific T cell responses in humanized CD1 transgenic mice. Simultaneous delivery of MA and Ag85B within BCN activated both MA- and Ag85B-specific T cells. Notably, pulmonary vaccination with MA-Ag85B-BCN resulted in the persistence of MA, but not Ag85B, within alveolar macrophages in the lung. Vaccination of MA-BCN through intravenous or subcutaneous route, or with attenuated Mtb likewise reproduced MA persistence. Moreover, MA-specific T cells in MA-BCN-vaccinated mice differentiated into a T follicular helper-like phenotype. Overall, the BCN platform allows for the dual encapsulation and in vivo activation of lipid and protein antigen-specific T cells and leads to persistent lipid depots that could offer long-lasting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sultan Almunif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Melissa S. Aguilar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Conner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yongyong Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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3
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Grandes Reyes CF, Ha S, Kim KT. Synthesis and applications of polymer cubosomes and hexosomes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20230053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sungmin Ha
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
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4
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Hughes KA, Misra B, Maghareh M, Bobbala S. Use of stimulatory responsive soft nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:6974-6990. [PMID: 36685637 PMCID: PMC9840428 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery has made tremendous advances in the last decade. Targeted therapies are increasingly common, with intracellular delivery highly impactful and sought after. Intracellular drug delivery systems have limitations due to imprecise and non-targeted release profiles. One way this can be addressed is through using stimuli-responsive soft nanoparticles, which contain materials with an organic backbone such as lipids and polymers. The choice of biomaterial is essential for soft nanoparticles to be responsive to internal or external stimuli. The nanoparticle must retain its integrity and payload in non-targeted physiological conditions while responding to particular intracellular environments where payload release is desired. Multiple internal and external factors could stimulate the intracellular release of drugs from nanoparticles. Internal stimuli include pH, oxidation, and enzymes, while external stimuli include ultrasound, light, electricity, and magnetic fields. Stimulatory responsive soft nanoparticulate systems specifically utilized to modulate intracellular delivery of drugs are explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal A. Hughes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Bishal Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Maryam Maghareh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
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5
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Yi S, Kim SY, Vincent MP, Yuk SA, Bobbala S, Du F, Scott EA. Dendritic peptide-conjugated polymeric nanovectors for non-toxic delivery of plasmid DNA and enhanced non-viral transfection of immune cells. iScience 2022; 25:104555. [PMID: 35769884 PMCID: PMC9234717 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid DNA (pDNA) transfection is advantageous for gene therapies requiring larger genetic elements, including "all-in-one" CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids, but is limited by toxicity as well as poor intracellular release and transfection efficiency in immune cell populations. Here, we developed a synthetic non-viral gene delivery platform composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) copolymers linked to a cationic dendritic peptide (DP) via a reduceable bond, PEG-b-PPS-ss-DP (PPDP). A library of self-assembling PPDP polymers was synthesized and screened to identify optimal constructs capable of transfecting macrophages with small (pCMV-DsRed, 4.6 kb) and large (pL-CRISPR.EFS.tRFP, 11.7 kb) plasmids. The optimized PPDP construct transfected macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and T cells more efficiently and with less toxicity than a commercial Lipo2K reagent, regardless of pDNA size and under standard culture conditions in the presence of serum. The PPDP technology described herein is a stimuli-responsive polymeric nanovector that can be leveraged to meet diverse challenges in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Simseok A Yuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Fanfan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evan Alexander Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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6
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Vincent MP, Navidzadeh JO, Bobbala S, Scott EA. Leveraging self-assembled nanobiomaterials for improved cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:255-276. [PMID: 35148814 PMCID: PMC8930620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials and targeted drug delivery vehicles improve the therapeutic index of drugs and permit greater control over their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and bioavailability. Here, nanotechnologies applied to cancer immunotherapy are discussed with a focus on current and next generation self-assembling drug delivery systems composed of lipids and/or polymers. Topics covered include the fundamental design, suitability, and inherent properties of nanomaterials that induce anti-tumor immune responses and support anti-cancer vaccination. Established active and passive targeting strategies as well as newer "indirect" methods are presented together with insights into how nanocarrier structure and surface chemistry can be leveraged for controlled delivery to the tumor microenvironment while minimizing off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Justin O Navidzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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7
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Stimuli-controllable iron oxide nanoparticle assemblies: Design, manipulation and bio-applications. J Control Release 2022; 345:231-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Yu SS, Hubbell JA, Swartz MA. Overcoming transport barriers to immunotherapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2273-2275. [PMID: 34718959 PMCID: PMC10994393 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are designed to treat disease by modulating the activity of immune cells. Here, we consider how anatomy and microphysiology create transport barriers to immunotherapeutic delivery and retention at diseased sites, and summarize recent developments to overcome these barriers by exploiting immunobiology to engineer molecular and cellular engineering approaches. Creating impactful and practical solutions across these diseases requires the integration of the collective expertise of pathologists, clinicians, immunologists, biophysicists, immunoengineers, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shann S Yu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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9
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Sobotta FH, Kuchenbrod MT, Gruschwitz FV, Festag G, Bellstedt P, Hoeppener S, Brendel JC. Tuneable Time Delay in the Burst Release from Oxidation-Sensitive Polymersomes Made by PISA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24716-24723. [PMID: 34542227 PMCID: PMC8596869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive polymersomes represent a versatile artificial cargo carrier system that can facilitate an immediate release in response to a specific stimulus. The herein presented oxidation-sensitive polymersomes feature a time-delayed release mechanism in an oxidative environment, which can be precisely adjusted by either tuning the membrane thickness or partial pre-oxidation. These polymeric vesicles are conveniently prepared by PISA allowing the straightforward and effective in situ encapsulation of cargo molecules, as shown for dyes and enzymes. Kinetic studies revealed a critical degree of oxidation causing the destabilization of the membrane, while no release of the cargo is observed beforehand. The encapsulation of glucose oxidase directly transforms these polymersomes into glucose-sensitive vesicles, as small molecules including sugars can passively penetrate their membrane. Considering the ease of preparation, these polymersomes represent a versatile platform for the confinement and burst release of cargo molecules after a precisely adjustable time span in the presence of specific triggers, such as H2 O2 or glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian H. Sobotta
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Maren T. Kuchenbrod
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Franka V. Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Grit Festag
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
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10
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Sobotta FH, Kuchenbrod MT, Gruschwitz FV, Festag G, Bellstedt P, Hoeppener S, Brendel JC. Kontrollierbare Zeitverzögerung beim Aufplatzen von oxidationsempfindlichen, mittels PISA synthetisierten Polymersomen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian H. Sobotta
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Maren T. Kuchenbrod
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Franka V. Gruschwitz
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Grit Festag
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
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11
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Paterson DA, Fong WK, Hook S, Gamble AB. Hydrogen Sulfide-Responsive Bicontinuous Nanospheres. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4770-4782. [PMID: 34652153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) that can self-assemble into particles and be triggered by disease-specific molecules such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have the potential to impact on drug delivery, decreasing off-target toxicities while increasing drug efficacy. However, the incorporation of H2S-responsive aryl azides into BCPs for self-assembly has been limited by heat, light, and radical sensitivities. In this study, a robust activator regenerated by the electron-transfer atom-transfer radical polymerization reaction was used to synthesize aryl-azide-containing BCPs under ambient conditions. Conditions controlling self-assembly of the BCPs into 150-200 nm particles and the physicochemical properties of the particles were investigated. The use of nanoprecipitation with tetrahydrofuran to promote self-assembly of the BCPs resulted in vesicle structures, while dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide resulted in polymeric bicontinuous nanospheres (BCNs). Triggering of the BCPs and particles (vesicles or BCNs) via exposure to H2S revealed that unsubstituted aryl azides were readily reduced (by HS-), resulting in particle disruption or cross-linking. The relative polar nature of the particle bilayers containing unsubstituted aryl azides and the open structure of the BCNs did however limit encapsulation of small hydrophilic and hydrophobic payloads. Incorporation of a benzylamide substituent onto the aryl azide group increased the hydrophobicity of the particles and encapsulation of hydrophilic cargo but reduced sensitivity to H2S, likely due to the reduced penetration of HS- into the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wye-Khay Fong
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Allan B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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12
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Li S, Bobbala S, Vincent MP, Modak M, Liu Y, Scott EA. Pi-stacking Enhances Stability, Scalability of Formation, Control over Flexibility and Circulation Time of Polymeric Filaments. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2100063. [PMID: 34870281 PMCID: PMC8635300 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling filomicelles (FM) are of great interest to nanomedicine due to their structural flexibility, extensive systemic circulation time, and amenability to unique "cylinder-to-sphere" morphological transitions. However, current fabrication techniques for FM self-assembly are highly variable and difficult to scale. Here, we demonstrate that tetrablock copolymers composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) diblocks linked by a pi-stacking perylene bisimide (PBI) moiety permit rapid, scalable, and facile assembly of FM via the flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) method. Co-assembling the tetrablocks and PEG-b-PPS diblocks at different molar ratios resulted in mixed PBI-containing FM (mPBI-FM) with tunable length and flexibility. The flexibility of mPBI-FM can be optimized to decrease uptake by macrophages in vivo, leading to increased circulation time versus (-)PBI-FM without PBI tetrablocks after intravenous administration in mice. While PEG-b-PPS diblocks form FM within a narrow range of hydrophilic weight fractions, incorporation of pi-stacking PBI groups expanded this range to increase favorability of FM assembly. Furthermore, the aggregation-dependent fluorescence of PBI shifted during oxidation-induced "cylinder-to-sphere" transitions of mPBI-FM into micelles, resulting in a distinct emission wavelength for filamentous versus spherical nanostructures. Thus, incorporation of pi-stacking allows for rapid, scalable assembly of FM with tunable flexibility and stability for theranostic and nanomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mallika Modak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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13
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Vincent MP, Karabin NB, Allen SD, Bobbala S, Frey MA, Yi S, Yang Y, Scott EA. The Combination of Morphology and Surface Chemistry Defines the Immunological Identity of Nanocarriers in Human Blood. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2100062. [PMID: 34485684 PMCID: PMC8411909 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Upon exposure to blood, a corona of proteins adsorbs to nanocarrier surfaces to confer a biological identity that interfaces with the immune system. While the nanocarrier surface chemistry has long been the focus of protein corona formation, the influence of nanostructure has remained unclear despite established influences on biodistribution, clearance, and inflammation. Here, combinations of nanocarrier morphology and surface chemistry are engineered to i) achieve compositionally distinct protein coatings in human blood and ii) control protein-mediated interactions with the immune system. A library of nine PEGylated nanocarriers differing in their combination of morphology (spheres, vesicles, and cylinders) and surface chemistry (methoxy, hydroxyl, and phosphate) are synthesized to represent properties of therapeutic and biomimetic delivery vehicles. Analysis by quantitative label-free proteomic techniques reveal that specific surface chemistry and morphology combinations adsorb unique protein signatures from human blood, resulting in differential complement activation and elicitation of distinct proinflammatory cytokine responses. Furthermore, nanocarrier morphology is shown to primarily influence uptake and clearance by human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. This comprehensive analysis provides mechanistic insights into rational design choices that impact the immunological identity of nanocarriers in human blood, which can be leveraged to engineer drug delivery vehicles for precision medicine and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas B Karabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sean D Allen
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Molly A Frey
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Robert H. Lurie Medical Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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14
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Vincent MP, Stack T, Vahabikashi A, Li G, Perkumas KM, Ren R, Gong H, Stamer WD, Johnson M, Scott EA. Surface Engineering of FLT4-Targeted Nanocarriers Enhances Cell-Softening Glaucoma Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32823-32836. [PMID: 34232612 PMCID: PMC9131393 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) that damages the optic nerve and leads to gradual vision loss. Several agents that reduce the stiffness of pressure-regulating Schlemm's canal (SC) endothelial cells, in the conventional outflow pathway of the eye, lower IOP in glaucoma patients and are approved for clinical use. However, poor drug penetration and uncontrolled biodistribution limit their efficacy and produce local adverse effects. Compared to other ocular endothelia, FLT4/VEGFR3 is expressed at elevated levels by SC endothelial cells and can be exploited for targeted drug delivery. Here, we validate FLT4 receptors as clinically relevant targets on SC cells from glaucomatous human donors and engineer polymeric self-assembled nanocarriers displaying lipid-anchored targeting ligands that optimally engage this receptor. Targeting constructs were synthesized as lipid-PEGx-peptide, differing in the number of PEG spacer units (x), and were embedded in micelles. We present a novel proteolysis assay for quantifying ligand accessibility that we employ to design and optimize our FLT4-targeting strategy for glaucoma nanotherapy. Peptide accessibility to proteases correlated with receptor-mediated targeting enhancements. Increasing the accessibility of FLT4-binding peptides enhanced nanocarrier uptake by SC cells while simultaneously decreasing the uptake by off-target vascular endothelial cells. Using a paired longitudinal IOP study in vivo, we show that this enhanced targeting of SC cells translates to IOP reductions that are sustained for a significantly longer time as compared to controls. Confocal microscopy of murine anterior segment tissue confirmed nanocarrier localization to SC within 1 h after intracameral administration. This work demonstrates that steric effects between surface-displayed ligands and PEG coronas significantly impact the targeting performance of synthetic nanocarriers across multiple biological scales. Minimizing the obstruction of modular targeting ligands by PEG measurably improved the efficacy of glaucoma nanotherapy and is an important consideration for engineering PEGylated nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Trevor Stack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amir Vahabikashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Guorong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Kristin M Perkumas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Ruiyi Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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15
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Bobbala S, Vincent MP, Scott EA. Just add water: hydratable, morphologically diverse nanocarrier powders for targeted delivery. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11349-11359. [PMID: 34160529 PMCID: PMC8343964 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02188e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two major obstacles that limit the widespread usage of polymeric nanocarriers include the complexity of formulation methods and their stability during storage. To address both of these issues, here we present morphologically complex nanocarriers in a hydratable powder form, which bypasses the need for expensive, harsh, and/or time-consuming nanocarrier fabrication techniques. The powders are composed of carbohydrates and self-assembling polymer amphiphiles having a low glass transition temperature. Hydration requires less than one minute and only involves the addition of aqueous media (water or saline) to rapidly obtain self-assembled micelles, worm-like micelles (i.e. filomicelles), or polymersomes from poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) polymers. The formulated powders are highly stable, achieving hydration into monodisperse nanocarriers following >6 months of storage. Diverse drug cargoes were efficiently encapsulated during hydration, including hydrophobic small molecules for micellar morphologies, as well as individual and concurrent loading of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules for vesicular morphologies. Hydrated polymersomes are shown to load hydrophilic biological macromolecules, and encapsulated enzymes retain bioactivity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inclusion of lipid-anchored ligands in powder form permits the surface-display of targeting ligands and enhances target cell uptake, thereby extending this technology to targeted drug delivery applications. Our powder-based formulation strategy was extendable to commercially available polymer amphiphiles, including PEG-b-polystyrene and PEG-b-polycaprolactone. The formulated nanotechnologies described herein are highly modular, require minimal preparation, and remain stable in ambient long-term storage (bypassing cold chain requirements), which will enable their use in medicine (human and veterinary), research, and commercial applications from cosmetics to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
| | - Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA. and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Chen H, Li MH. Recent Progress in Polymer Cubosomes and Hexosomes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100194. [PMID: 34145688 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polymer cubosomes and hexosomes are polymer colloids with inverted lyotropic liquid crystal phases as internal structures. They are composed of regular networks of water-filled channels surrounded by a bilayer membrane made from amphiphilic block copolymers. Due to the uniform, tunable, and highly ordered porous structure, polymer cubosomes and hexosomes present numerous advantages over polymer micelles and vesicles, such as the high loading volumes for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, large specific surface areas, and good mechanical and chemical stabilities. The polymer chemistry also enables unlimited molecular design to endow these polymer colloids with a lot of adjustable physical and chemical properties. Therefore, polymer cubosomes and hexosomes have attracted increasing attention for their potential applications in materials science and nanotechnology. This review outlines the recent progress in this field with an emphasis on the polymer architectures, the self-assembly conditions and mechanisms, and some application examples which are special for these inverted polymer colloids. It is hoped to provide some practical guidance for researchers interested in polymer cubosomes and hexosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, Paris, 75005, France
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17
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Li X, Yi S, Scariot DB, Martinez SJ, Falk BA, Olson CL, Romano PS, Scott EA, Engman DM. Nanocarrier-enhanced intracellular delivery of benznidazole for treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145523. [PMID: 33986194 PMCID: PMC8262286 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), an intracellular pathogen that causes significant morbidity and death among millions in the Americas from Canada to Argentina. Current therapy involves oral administration of the nitroimidazole benznidazole (BNZ), which has serious side effects that often necessitate cessation of treatment. To both avoid off-target side effects and reduce the necessary dosage of BNZ, we packaged the drug within poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene sulfide) polymersomes (BNZ-PSs). We show that these vesicular nanocarriers enhanced intracellular delivery to phagocytic cells and tested this formulation in a mouse model of T. cruzi infection. BNZ-PS is not only nontoxic but also significantly more potent than free BNZ, effectively reducing parasitemia, intracellular infection, and tissue parasitosis at a 466-fold lower dose of BNZ. We conclude that BNZ-PS was superior to BNZ for treatment of T. cruzi infection in mice and that further modifications of this nanocarrier formulation could lead to a wide range of custom controlled delivery applications for improved treatment of Chagas disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Débora B. Scariot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Santiago J. Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, “Dr. Mario H. Burgos”, IHEM-CONICET, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ben A. Falk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Olson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia S. Romano
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, “Dr. Mario H. Burgos”, IHEM-CONICET, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David M. Engman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Vincent MP, Bobbala S, Karabin NB, Frey M, Liu Y, Navidzadeh JO, Stack T, Scott EA. Surface chemistry-mediated modulation of adsorbed albumin folding state specifies nanocarrier clearance by distinct macrophage subsets. Nat Commun 2021; 12:648. [PMID: 33510170 PMCID: PMC7844416 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling nanocarrier interactions with the immune system requires a thorough understanding of the surface properties that modulate protein adsorption in biological fluids, since the resulting protein corona redefines cellular interactions with nanocarrier surfaces. Albumin is initially one of the dominant proteins to adsorb to nanocarrier surfaces, a process that is considered benign or beneficial by minimizing opsonization or inflammation. Here, we demonstrate the surface chemistry of a model nanocarrier can be engineered to stabilize or denature the three-dimensional conformation of adsorbed albumin, which respectively promotes evasion or non-specific clearance in vivo. Interestingly, certain common chemistries that have long been considered to convey stealth properties denature albumin to promote nanocarrier recognition by macrophage class A1 scavenger receptors, providing a means for their eventual removal from systemic circulation. We establish that the surface chemistry of nanocarriers can be specified to modulate adsorbed albumin structure and thereby tune clearance by macrophage scavenger receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas B Karabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Molly Frey
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Justin O Navidzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Trevor Stack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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19
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Nguyen DC, Shae D, Pagendarm HM, Becker KW, Wehbe M, Kilchrist KV, Pastora LE, Palmer CR, Seber P, Christov PP, Duvall CL, Wilson JT. Amphiphilic Polyelectrolyte Graft Copolymers Enhance the Activity of Cyclic Dinucleotide STING Agonists. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001056. [PMID: 33225632 PMCID: PMC7856189 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) agonists of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) hold great therapeutic potential, but their activity is hindered by poor drug-like properties that restrict cytosolic bioavailability. Here, this challenge is addressed through the synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of PEGMA-co-DEAEMA-co-BMA copolymers with pH-responsive, membrane-destabilizing activity to enhance intracellular delivery of the CDN, cGAMP. Copolymers are synthesized with PEGMA of two different molecular weights (300 and 950 Da) and over a range of PEG mass fraction and polymer molecular weight, and relationships between copolymer structure, self-assembly, endosomal escape, and cGAMP activity are elucidated. A subset of polymers that self-assembled into 50-800 nm nanoparticles is identified, which can be loaded with cGAMP via a simple mixing strategy, resulting in significantly enhanced immunostimulatory activity. Increased cGAMP activity is found to be highly correlated with the capacity of carriers to enhance intracellular CDN uptake and to promote endosomal destabilization, findings that establish efficient cytosolic delivery as a criterion for CDN carriers. Additionally, it is demonstrated that a lead CDN carrier formulation can enhance STING activation in vivo in a model of intratumoral immunotherapy. Collectively, these investigations demonstrate the utility of PEGMA-co-DEAEMA-co-BMA copolymers as carriers for CDNs and potentially other cytosolically-acting drug cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Chuong Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- The SyBBURE Searle Undergraduate Research Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Daniel Shae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Hayden M. Pagendarm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kyle W. Becker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Mohamed Wehbe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kameron V. Kilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lucinda E. Pastora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Christian R. Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Pedro Seber
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Plamen P. Christov
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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20
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Modak M, Bobbala S, Lescott C, Liu YG, Nandwana V, Dravid VP, Scott EA. Magnetic Nanostructure-Loaded Bicontinuous Nanospheres Support Multicargo Intracellular Delivery and Oxidation-Responsive Morphological Transitions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55584-55595. [PMID: 33259182 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanostructures (MNS) have a wide range of biological applications due to their biocompatibility, superparamagnetic properties, and customizable composition that includes iron oxide (Fe3O4), Zn2+, and Mn2+. However, several challenges to the biomedical usage of MNS must still be addressed, such as formulation stability, inability to encapsulate therapeutic payloads, and variable clearance rates in vivo. Here, we enhance the utility of MNS during controlled delivery applications via encapsulation within polymeric bicontinuous nanospheres (BCNs) composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) copolymers. PEG-b-PPS BCNs have demonstrated versatile encapsulation and delivery capabilities for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic payloads due to their unique and highly organized cubic phase nanoarchitecture. MNS-embedded BCNs (MBCNs) were thus coloaded with physicochemically diverse molecular payloads using the technique of flash nanoprecipitation and characterized in terms of their structure and in vivo biodistribution following intravenous administration. Retention of the internal aqueous channels and cubic architecture of MBCNs were verified using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, respectively. MBCNs demonstrated improvement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement (r2 relaxivity) as compared to free MNS, which in combination with scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy evidenced the clustering and continued access to water of MNS following encapsulation. Furthermore, MBCNs were found to be noncytotoxic and able to deliver their hydrophilic and hydrophobic small-molecule payloads both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the oxidation sensitivity of the hydrophobic PPS block allowed MBCNs to undergo a unique, triggerable transition in morphology into MNS-bearing micellar nanocarriers. In summary, MBCNs are an attractive platform for the delivery of molecular and nanoscale payloads for diverse on-demand and sustained drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Modak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chamille Lescott
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yu-Gang Liu
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vikas Nandwana
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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21
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Stack T, Vincent M, Vahabikashi A, Li G, Perkumas KM, Stamer WD, Johnson M, Scott E. Targeted Delivery of Cell Softening Micelles to Schlemm's Canal Endothelial Cells for Treatment of Glaucoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004205. [PMID: 33015961 PMCID: PMC7647937 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased stiffness of the Schlemm's canal (SC) endothelium in the aqueous humor outflow pathways has been associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma. Novel treatments that relax this endothelium, such as actin depolymerizers and rho kinase inhibitors, are in development. Unfortunately, these treatments have undesirable off-target effects and a lower than desired potency. To address these issues, a targeted PEG-b-PPS micelle loaded with actin depolymerizer latrunculin A (tLatA-MC) is developed. Targeting of SC cells is achieved by modifying the micelle surface with a high affinity peptide that binds the VEGFR3/FLT4 receptor, a lymphatic lineage marker found to be highly expressed by SC cells relative to other ocular cells. During in vitro optimization, increasing the peptide surface density increased micellar uptake in SC cells while unexpectedly decreasing uptake by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The functional efficacy of tLatA-MC, as measured by decreased SC cell stiffness compared to non-targeted micelles (ntLatA-MC) or targeted blank micelles (tBL-MC), is verified using atomic force microscopy. tLatA-MC reduced IOP in an in vivo mouse model by 30-50%. The results validate the use of a cell-softening nanotherapy to selectively modulate stiffness of SC cells for therapeutic reduction of IOP and treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Stack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Michael Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Amir Vahabikashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Guorong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kristin M Perkumas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, 645 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Evan Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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22
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Frey M, Vincent M, Bobbala S, Burt R, Scott E. Mapping the supramolecular assembly space of poly(sarcosine)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) using a combinatorial copolymer library. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6644-6647. [PMID: 32406439 PMCID: PMC7733307 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00925c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combinatorial copolymer library was created to rapidly screen the landscape of self-assembled nanostructure morphologies formed by block copolymers composed of hydrophilic peptoid polysarcosine (PSarc) and hydrophobic poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS) blocks. By probing rationally selected hydrophilic/hydrophobic copolymer weight fractions, the rapid and reproducible fabrication of micellar and vesicular nanostructures was optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Frey
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michael Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Rajan Burt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Evan Scott
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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