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Spielmann J, Fanara S, Cotelle V, Vert G. Multilayered regulation of iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250588. [PMID: 37841618 PMCID: PMC10570522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development due to its role in crucial processes such as photosynthesis and modulation of the redox state as an electron donor. While Fe is one of the five most abundant metals in the Earth's crust, it is poorly accessible to plants in alkaline soils due to the formation of insoluble complexes. To limit Fe deficiency symptoms, plant have developed a highly sophisticated regulation network including Fe sensing, transcriptional regulation of Fe-deficiency responsive genes, and post-translational modifications of Fe transporters. In this mini-review, we detail how plants perceive intracellular Fe status and how they regulate transporters involved in Fe uptake through a complex cascade of transcription factors. We also describe the current knowledge about intracellular trafficking, including secretion to the plasma membrane, endocytosis, recycling, and degradation of the two main Fe transporters, IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1) and NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN 1 (NRAMP1). Regulation of these transporters by their non-Fe substrates is discussed in relation to their functional role to avoid accumulation of these toxic metals during Fe limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Spielmann
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Steven Fanara
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cotelle
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Grégory Vert
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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2
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Zou X, Huang R, Wang L, Wang G, Miao Y, Rao I, Liu G, Chen Z. SgNramp1, a plasma membrane-localized transporter, involves in manganese uptake in Stylosanthes guianensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1027551. [PMID: 36275523 PMCID: PMC9583531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transporters belonging to the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) family play important roles in metal uptake and homeostasis. Although Nramp members have been functionally characterized in plants, the role of Nramp in the important tropical forage legume Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the responses of Nramp genes to metal stresses and investigate its metal transport activity in stylo. Five SgNramp genes were identified from stylo. Expression analysis showed that SgNramp genes exhibited tissue preferential expressions and diverse responses to metal stresses, especially for manganese (Mn), suggesting the involvement of SgNramps in the response of stylo to metal stresses. Of the five SgNramps, SgNramp1 displayed the highest expression in stylo roots. A close correlation between SgNramp1 expression and root Mn concentration was observed among nine stylo cultivars under Mn limited condition. The higher expression of SgNramp1 was correlated with a high Mn uptake in stylo. Subsequent subcellular localization analysis showed that SgNramp1 was localized to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, heterologous expression of SgNramp1 complemented the phenotype of the Mn uptake-defective yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant Δsmf1. Mn concentration in the yeast cells expressing SgNramp1 was higher than that of the empty vector control, suggesting the transport activity of SgNramp1 for Mn in yeast. Taken together, this study reveals that SgNramp1 is a plasma membrane-localized transporter responsible for Mn uptake in stylo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Ye Miao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Idupulapati Rao
- Crops for Nutrition and Health, Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia
| | - Guodao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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D’Oria A, Courbet G, Lornac A, Pluchon S, Arkoun M, Maillard A, Etienne P, Diquélou S, Ourry A. Specificity and Plasticity of the Functional Ionome of Brassica napus and Triticum aestivum Exposed to Micronutrient or Beneficial Nutrient Deprivation and Predictive Sensitivity of the Ionomic Signatures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641678. [PMID: 33643368 PMCID: PMC7902711 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The specific variation in the functional ionome was studied in Brassica napus and Triticum aestivum plants subjected to micronutrient or beneficial mineral nutrient deprivation. Effects of these deprivations were compared to those of macronutrient deprivation. In order to identify early events, plants were harvested after 22 days, i.e., before any significant reduction in growth relative to control plants. Root uptake, tissue concentrations and relative root nutrient contents were analyzed revealing numerous interactions with respect to the 20 elements quantified. The assessment of the functional ionome under individual mineral nutrient deficiency allows the identification of a large number of interactions between elements, although it is not totally exhaustive, and gives access to specific ionomic signatures that discriminate among deficiencies in N, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Na, Si, and Se in both species, plus Mg, Cl, Cu, and Mo in wheat. Ionome modifications and components of ionomic signatures are discussed in relation to well-known mechanisms that may explain crosstalks between mineral nutrients, such as between Na and K, V, Se, Mo and S or Fe, Zn and Cu. More surprisingly, when deprived of beneficial nutrients such as Na, Si, Co, or Se, the plant ionome was strongly modified while these beneficial nutrients contributed greatly to the leaf ionomic signature of most mineral deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien D’Oria
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N, C, S, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INRAE, Caen, France
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l’Innovation, Le Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Galatéa Courbet
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N, C, S, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INRAE, Caen, France
| | - Aurélia Lornac
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N, C, S, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INRAE, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l’Innovation, Le Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l’Innovation, Le Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Anne Maillard
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l’Innovation, Le Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Philippe Etienne
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N, C, S, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INRAE, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Diquélou
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N, C, S, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INRAE, Caen, France
| | - Alain Ourry
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N, C, S, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INRAE, Caen, France
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Alejandro S, Höller S, Meier B, Peiter E. Manganese in Plants: From Acquisition to Subcellular Allocation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:300. [PMID: 32273877 PMCID: PMC7113377 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an important micronutrient for plant growth and development and sustains metabolic roles within different plant cell compartments. The metal is an essential cofactor for the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of the photosynthetic machinery, catalyzing the water-splitting reaction in photosystem II (PSII). Despite the importance of Mn for photosynthesis and other processes, the physiological relevance of Mn uptake and compartmentation in plants has been underrated. The subcellular Mn homeostasis to maintain compartmented Mn-dependent metabolic processes like glycosylation, ROS scavenging, and photosynthesis is mediated by a multitude of transport proteins from diverse gene families. However, Mn homeostasis may be disturbed under suboptimal or excessive Mn availability. Mn deficiency is a serious, widespread plant nutritional disorder in dry, well-aerated and calcareous soils, as well as in soils containing high amounts of organic matter, where bio-availability of Mn can decrease far below the level that is required for normal plant growth. By contrast, Mn toxicity occurs on poorly drained and acidic soils in which high amounts of Mn are rendered available. Consequently, plants have evolved mechanisms to tightly regulate Mn uptake, trafficking, and storage. This review provides a comprehensive overview, with a focus on recent advances, on the multiple functions of transporters involved in Mn homeostasis, as well as their regulatory mechanisms in the plant's response to different conditions of Mn availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alejandro
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Salle), Germany
| | | | | | - Edgar Peiter
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Salle), Germany
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5
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Peris-Peris C, Serra-Cardona A, Sánchez-Sanuy F, Campo S, Ariño J, San Segundo B. Two NRAMP6 Isoforms Function as Iron and Manganese Transporters and Contribute to Disease Resistance in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:385-398. [PMID: 28430017 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-17-0005-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are essential elements for all living organisms. However, metals can be toxic when present in excess. In plants, metal homeostasis is partly achieved through the function of metal transporters, including the diverse natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP). Among them, the OsNramp6 gene encodes a previously uncharacterized member of the rice NRAMP family that undergoes alternative splicing to produce different NRAMP6 proteins. In this work, we determined the metal transport activity and biological role of the full-length and the shortest NRAMP6 proteins (l-NRAMP6 and s-NRAMP6, respectively). Both l-NRAMP6 and s-NRAMP6 are plasma membrane-localized proteins that function as iron and manganese transporters. The expression of l-Nramp6 and s-Nramp6 is regulated during infection with the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, albeit with different kinetics. Rice plants grown under high iron supply show stronger induction of rice defense genes and enhanced resistance to M. oryzae infection. Also, loss of function of OsNramp6 results in enhanced resistance to M. oryzae, supporting the idea that OsNramp6 negatively regulates rice immunity. Furthermore, nramp6 plants showed reduced biomass, pointing to a role of OsNramp6 in plant growth. A better understanding of OsNramp6-mediated mechanisms underlying disease resistance in rice will help in developing appropriate strategies for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Peris-Peris
- 1 Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Albert Serra-Cardona
- 2 Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferrán Sánchez-Sanuy
- 1 Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Sonia Campo
- 1 Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Joaquin Ariño
- 2 Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca San Segundo
- 1 Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; and
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Saminathan T, Malkaram SA, Patel D, Taylor K, Hass A, Nimmakayala P, Huber DH, Reddy UK. Transcriptome Analysis of Invasive Plants in Response to Mineral Toxicity of Reclaimed Coal-Mine Soil in the Appalachian Region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10320-9. [PMID: 26269111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient postmining reclamation requires successful revegetation. By using RNA sequencing, we evaluated the growth response of two invasive plants, goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) and mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), grown in two Appalachian acid-mine soils (MS-I and -II, pH ∼ 4.6). Although deficient in macronutrients, both soils contained high levels of plant-available Al, Fe and Mn. Both plant types showed toxicity tolerance, but metal accumulation differed by plant and site. With MS-I, Al accumulation was greater for mugwort than goutweed (385 ± 47 vs 2151 ± 251 μg g-1). Al concentration was similar between mine sites, but its accumulation in mugwort was greater with MS-I than MS-II, with no difference in accumulation by site for goutweed. An in situ approach revealed deregulation of multiple factors such as transporters, transcription factors, and metal chelators for metal uptake or exclusion. The two plant systems showed common gene expression patterns for different pathways. Both plant systems appeared to have few common heavy-metal pathway regulators addressing mineral toxicity/deficiency in both mine sites, which implies adaptability of invasive plants for efficient growth at mine sites with toxic waste. Functional genomics can be used to screen for plant adaptability, especially for reclamation and phytoremediation of contaminated soils and waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangasamy Saminathan
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Sridhar A Malkaram
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Dharmesh Patel
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Taylor
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Amir Hass
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - David H Huber
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Umesh K Reddy
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
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7
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Zanin L, Tomasi N, Rizzardo C, Gottardi S, Terzano R, Alfeld M, Janssens K, De Nobili M, Mimmo T, Cesco S. Iron allocation in leaves of Fe-deficient cucumber plants fed with natural Fe complexes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 154:82-94. [PMID: 25288471 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) sources available for plants in the rhizospheric solution are mainly a mixture of complexes between Fe and organic ligands, including phytosiderophores (PS) and water-extractable humic substances (WEHS). In comparison with the other Fe sources, Fe-WEHS are more efficiently used by plants, and experimental evidences show that Fe translocation contributes to this better response. On the other hand, very little is known on the mechanisms involved in Fe allocation in leaves. In this work, physiological and molecular processes involved in Fe distribution in leaves of Fe-deficient Cucumis sativus supplied with Fe-PS or Fe-WEHS up to 5 days were studied combining different techniques, such as radiochemical experiments, synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. In Fe-WEHS-fed plants, Fe was rapidly (1 day) allocated into the leaf veins, and after 5 days, Fe was completely transferred into interveinal cells; moreover, the amount of accumulated Fe was much higher than with Fe-PS. This redistribution in Fe-WEHS plants was associated with an upregulation of genes encoding a ferric(III) -chelate reductase (FRO), a Fe(2+) transporter (IRT1) and a natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP). The localization of FRO and IRT1 transcripts next to the midveins, beside that of NRAMP in the interveinal area, may suggest a rapid and efficient response induced by the presence of Fe-WEHS in the extra-radical solution for the allocation in leaves of high amounts of Fe. In conclusion, Fe is more efficiently used when chelated to WEHS than PS and seems to involve Fe distribution and gene regulation of Fe acquisition mechanisms operating in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zanin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Udine, I-33100, Udine, Italy
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8
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DalCorso G, Manara A, Piasentin S, Furini A. Nutrient metal elements in plants. Metallomics 2014; 6:1770-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Gupta DK, Chatterjee S, Datta S, Veer V, Walther C. Role of phosphate fertilizers in heavy metal uptake and detoxification of toxic metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 108:134-144. [PMID: 24560283 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As a nonrenewable resource, phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrient for plant growth and nutrition. Demand of phosphorus application in the agricultural production is increasing fast throughout the globe. The bioavailability of phosphorus is distinctively low due to its slow diffusion and high fixation in soils which make phosphorus a key limiting factor for crop production. Applications of phosphorus-based fertilizers improve the soil fertility and agriculture yield but at the same time concerns over a number of factors that lead to environmental damage need to be addressed properly. Phosphate rock mining leads to reallocation and exposure of several heavy metals and radionuclides in crop fields and water bodies throughout the world. Proper management of phosphorus along with its fertilizers is required that may help the maximum utilization by plants and minimum run-off and wastage. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria along with the root rhizosphere of plant integrated with root morphological and physiological adaptive strategies need to be explored further for utilization of this extremely valuable nonrenewable resource judiciously. The main objective of this review is to assess the role of phosphorus in fertilizers, their uptake along with other elements and signaling during P starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gupta
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Gebäude 4113, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
| | - S Chatterjee
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India
| | - S Datta
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India
| | - V Veer
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India
| | - C Walther
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Gebäude 4113, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
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10
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Shen H, Xiong H, Guo X, Wang P, Duan P, Zhang L, Zhang F, Zuo Y. AhDMT1, a Fe(2+) transporter, is involved in improving iron nutrition and N2 fixation in nodules of peanut intercropped with maize in calcareous soils. PLANTA 2014; 239:1065-77. [PMID: 24519544 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important legume providing edible proteins and N2 fixation. However, iron deficiency severely reduces peanut growth in calcareous soils. The maize/peanut intercropping effectively improves iron nutrition and N2 fixation of peanut under pot and field conditions on calcareous soils. However, little was known of how intercropping regulates iron transporters in peanut. We identified AhDMT1 as a Fe(2+) transporter which was highly expressed in mature nodules with stronger N2 fixation capacity. Promoter expression analysis indicated that AhDMT1 was localized in the vascular tissues of both roots and nodules in peanut. Short-term Fe-deficiency temporarily induced an AhDmt1 expression in mature nodules in contrast to roots. However, analysis of the correlation between the complex regulation pattern of AhDmt1 expression and iron nutrition status indicated that sufficient iron supply for long term was a prerequisite for keeping AhDmt1 at a high expression level in both, peanut roots and mature nodules. The AhDmt1 expression in peanut intercropped with maize under 3 years greenhouse experiments was similar to that of peanut supplied with sufficient iron in laboratory experiments. Thus, the positive interspecific effect of intercropping may supply sufficient iron to enhance the expression of AhDmt1 in peanut roots and mature nodules to improve the iron nutrition and N2 fixation in nodules. This study may also serve as a paradigm in which functionally important genes and their ecological significance in intercropping were characterized using a candidate gene approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Centre for Resource, Environment and Food Surity, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
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11
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Milner MJ, Mitani-Ueno N, Yamaji N, Yokosho K, Craft E, Fei Z, Ebbs S, Clemencia Zambrano M, Ma JF, Kochian LV. Root and shoot transcriptome analysis of two ecotypes of Noccaea caerulescens uncovers the role of NcNramp1 in Cd hyperaccumulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:398-410. [PMID: 24547775 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator, Noccaea caerulescens, has been studied extensively for its ability to accumulate high levels of Zn and Cd in its leaves. Previous studies have indicated that the Zn and Cd hyperaccumulation trait exhibited by this species involves different transport and tolerance mechanisms. It has also been well documented that certain ecotypes of N. caerulescens are much better Cd hyperaccumulators than others. However, there does not seem to be much ecotypic variation for Zn hyperaccumulation in N. caerulescens. In this study we employed a comparative transcriptomics approach to look at root and shoot gene expression in Ganges and Prayon plants in response to Cd stress to identify transporter genes that were more highly expressed in either the roots or shoots of the superior Cd accumulator, Ganges. Comparison of the transcriptomes from the two ecotypes of Noccaea caerulescens identified a number of genes that encoded metal transporters that were more highly expressed in the Ganges ecotype in response to Cd stress. Characterization of one of these transporters, NcNramp1, showed that it is involved in the influx of Cd across the endodermal plasma membrane and thus may play a key role in Cd flux into the stele and root-to-shoot Cd transport. NcNramp1 may be one of the main transporters involved in Cd hyperaccumulation in N. caerulescens and copy number variation appears to be the main reason for high NcNramp1 gene expression underlying the increased Cd accumulation in the Ganges ecotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Milner
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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12
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DalCorso G, Manara A, Furini A. An overview of heavy metal challenge in plants: from roots to shoots. Metallomics 2014; 5:1117-32. [PMID: 23739766 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals are often present naturally in soils, but many human activities (e.g. mining, agriculture, sewage processing, the metal industry and automobiles) increase their prevalence in the environment resulting in concentrations that are toxic to animals and plants. Excess heavy metals affect plant physiology by inducing stress symptoms, but many plants have adapted to avoid the damaging effects of metal toxicity, using strategies such as metal chelation, transport and compartmentalization. Understanding the molecular basis of heavy metal tolerance in plants will facilitate the development of new strategies to create metal-tolerant crops, biofortified foods and plants suitable for the phytoremediation of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni DalCorso
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Yang Y, Ou B, Zhang J, Si W, Gu H, Qin G, Qu LJ. The Arabidopsis Mediator subunit MED16 regulates iron homeostasis by associating with EIN3/EIL1 through subunit MED25. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:838-51. [PMID: 24456400 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals, and plants are a major source of iron for humans. Therefore, understanding the regulation of iron homeostasis in plants is critical. We identified a T-DNA insertion mutant, yellow and sensitive to iron-deficiency 1 (yid1), that was hypersensitive to iron deficiency, containing a reduced amount of iron. YID1 encodes the Arabidopsis Mediator complex subunit MED16. We demonstrated that YID1/MED16 interacted with another subunit, MED25. MED25 played an important role in regulation of iron homeostasis by interacting with EIN3 and EIL1, two transcription factors in ethylene signaling associated with regulation of iron homeostasis. We found that the transcriptome in yid1 and med25 mutants was significantly affected by iron deficiency. In particular, the transcription levels of FIT, IRT1 and FRO2 were reduced in the yid1 and med25 mutants under iron-deficient conditions. The finding that YID1/MED16 and MED25 positively regulate iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis increases our understanding of the complex transcriptional regulation of iron homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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González-Guerrero M, Matthiadis A, Sáez Á, Long TA. Fixating on metals: new insights into the role of metals in nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:45. [PMID: 24592271 PMCID: PMC3923141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is one of the most promising and immediate alternatives to the overuse of polluting nitrogen fertilizers for improving plant nutrition. At the core of this process are a number of metalloproteins that catalyze and provide energy for the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, eliminate free radicals produced by this process, and create the microaerobic conditions required by these reactions. In legumes, metal cofactors are provided to endosymbiotic rhizobia within root nodule cortical cells. However, low metal bioavailability is prevalent in most soils types, resulting in widespread plant metal deficiency and decreased nitrogen fixation capabilities. As a result, renewed efforts have been undertaken to identify the mechanisms governing metal delivery from soil to the rhizobia, and to determine how metals are used in the nodule and how they are recycled once the nodule is no longer functional. This effort is being aided by improved legume molecular biology tools (genome projects, mutant collections, and transformation methods), in addition to state-of-the-art metal visualization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Matthiadis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
| | - Áez;ngela Sáez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Terri A. Long
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
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Socha AL, Guerinot ML. Mn-euvering manganese: the role of transporter gene family members in manganese uptake and mobilization in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:106. [PMID: 24744764 PMCID: PMC3978347 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an essential trace element, is important for plant health. In plants, Mn serves as a cofactor in essential processes such as photosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis and oxidative stress. Mn deficient plants exhibit decreased growth and yield and are more susceptible to pathogens and damage at freezing temperatures. Mn deficiency is most prominent on alkaline soils with approximately one third of the world's soils being too alkaline for optimal crop production. Despite the importance of Mn in plant development, relatively little is known about how it traffics between plant tissues and into and out of organelles. Several gene transporter families have been implicated in Mn transport in plants. These transporter families include NRAMP (natural resistance associated macrophage protein), YSL (yellow stripe-like), ZIP (zinc regulated transporter/iron-regulated transporter [ZRT/IRT1]-related protein), CAX (cation exchanger), CCX (calcium cation exchangers), CDF/MTP (cation diffusion facilitator/metal tolerance protein), P-type ATPases and VIT (vacuolar iron transporter). A combination of techniques including mutant analysis and Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy can assist in identifying essential transporters of Mn. Such knowledge would vastly improve our understanding of plant Mn homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Socha
- *Correspondence: Amanda L. Socha, Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03766, USA e-mail:
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Tiwari M, Sharma D, Dwivedi S, Singh M, Tripathi RD, Trivedi PK. Expression in Arabidopsis and cellular localization reveal involvement of rice NRAMP, OsNRAMP1, in arsenic transport and tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:140-52. [PMID: 23700971 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation of paddy fields to arsenic (As) containing groundwater leads to As accumulation in rice grains and causes serious health risk to the people worldwide. To reduce As intake via consumption of contaminated rice grain, identification of the mechanisms for As accumulation and detoxification in rice is a prerequisite. Herein, we report involvement of a member of rice NRAMP (Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein) transporter, OsNRAMP1, in As, in addition to cadmium (Cd), accumulation through expression in yeast and Arabidopsis. Expression of OsNRAMP1 in yeast mutant (fet3fet4) rescued iron (Fe) uptake and exhibited enhanced accumulation of As and Cd. Expression of OsNRAMP1 in Arabidopsis provided tolerance with enhanced As and Cd accumulation in root and shoot. Cellular localization revealed that OsNRAMP1 resides on plasma membrane of endodermis and pericycle cells and may assist in xylem loading for root to shoot mobilization. This is the first report demonstrating role of NRAMP in xylem mediated loading and enhanced accumulation of As and Cd in plants. We propose that genetic modification of OsNRAMP1 in rice might be helpful in developing rice with low As and Cd content in grain and minimize the risk of food chain contamination to these toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
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Ovečka M, Takáč T. Managing heavy metal toxicity stress in plants: biological and biotechnological tools. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:73-86. [PMID: 24333465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of ion homeostasis in plant cells is a fundamental physiological requirement for sustainable plant growth, development and production. Plants exposed to high concentrations of heavy metals must respond in order to avoid the deleterious effects of heavy metal toxicity at the structural, physiological and molecular levels. Plant strategies for coping with heavy metal toxicity are genotype-specific and, at least to some extent, modulated by environmental conditions. There is considerable interest in the mechanisms underpinning plant metal tolerance, a complex process that enables plants to survive metal ion stress and adapt to maintain growth and development without exhibiting symptoms of toxicity. This review briefly summarizes some recent cell biological, molecular and proteomic findings concerning the responses of plant roots to heavy metal ions in the rhizosphere, metal ion-induced reactions at the cell wall-plasma membrane interface, and various aspects of heavy metal ion uptake and transport in plants via membrane transporters. The molecular and genetic approaches that are discussed are analyzed in the context of their potential practical applications in biotechnological approaches for engineering increased heavy metal tolerance in crops and other useful plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ovečka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - T Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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WU JW, SHI Y, ZHU YX, WANG YC, GONG HJ. Mechanisms of Enhanced Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants by Silicon: A Review. PEDOSPHERE 2013; 23:815-825. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0160(13)60073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
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Martínez-Cuenca MR, Legaz F, Forner-Giner MÁ, Primo-Millo E, Iglesias DJ. Bicarbonate blocks iron translocation from cotyledons inducing iron stress responses in Citrus roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:899-905. [PMID: 23465471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of bicarbonate ion (HCO3(-)) on the mobilization of iron (Fe) reserves from cotyledons to roots during early growth of citrus seedlings and its influence on the components of the iron acquisition system were studied. Monoembryonic seeds of Citrus limon (L.) were germinated "in vitro" on two iron-deprived media, supplemented or not with 10mM HCO3(-) (-Fe+Bic and -Fe, respectively). After 21d of culture, Fe concentration in seedling organs was measured, as well as gene expression and enzymatic activities. Finally, the effect of Fe resupply on the above responses was tested in the presence and absence of HCO3(-) (+Fe+Bic or +Fe, respectively). -Fe+Bic seedlings exhibited lower Fe concentration in shoots and roots than -Fe ones but higher in cotyledons, associated to a significative inhibition of NRAMP3 expression. HCO3(-) upregulated Strategy I related genes (FRO1, FRO2, HA1 and IRT1) and FC-R and H(+)-ATPase activities in roots of Fe-starved seedlings. PEPC1 expression and PEPCase activity were also increased. When -Fe+Bic pre-treated seedlings were transferred to Fe-containing media for 15d, Fe content in shoots and roots increased, although to a lower extent in the +Fe+Bic medium. Consequently, the above-described root responses became markedly repressed, however, this effect was less pronounced in +Fe+Bic seedlings. In conclusion, it appears that HCO3(-) prevents Fe translocation from cotyledons to shoot and root, therefore reducing their Fe levels. This triggers Fe-stress responses in the root, enhancing the expression of genes related with Fe uptake and the corresponding enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Rus Martínez-Cuenca
- Department of Citriculture and Vegetal Production, Instituto Valenciano Investigaciones Agrarias, Crta Náquera-Moncada, km 4.5, Valencia 46113, Spain
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Rodrigo-Moreno A, Poschenrieder C, Shabala S. Transition metals: a double edge sward in ROS generation and signaling. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23425. [PMID: 23333964 PMCID: PMC3676510 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals such as Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) are essential for plant cell development. At the same time, due their capability to generate hydroxyl radicals they can be potentially toxic to plant metabolism. Recent works on hydroxyl-radical activation of ion transporters suggest that hydroxyl radicals generated by transition metals could play an important role in plant growth and adaptation to imbalanced environments. In this mini-review, the relation between transition metals uptake and utilization and oxidative stress-activated ion transport in plant cells is analyzed, and a new model depicting both apoplastic and cytosolic mode of ROS signaling to plasma membrane transporters is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodrigo-Moreno
- LINV; Plant, Soil & Environmental Science; University of Firenze; Viale delle idee; Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Fisiología Vegetal; Facultad de Biociencias; Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Agricultural Sciences; University of Tasmania; Hobart, TAS Australia
- Correspondence to: Sergey Shabala,
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Kumar V, Gill T, Grover S, Ahuja PS, Yadav SK. Influence of human lactoferrin expression on iron homeostasis, flavonoids, and antioxidants in transgenic tobacco. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 53:118-28. [PMID: 22274938 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at to check the influence of human lactoferrin (hLF) expression on iron homeostasis, flavonoids, and antioxidants in transgenic tobacco. Transgenic tobacco expressing hLF cDNA under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter was produced. The iron content as well as chlorophyll content of transgenic tobacco was lower compared to mock and untransformed wild plants. Interestingly, hLF transgenic tobacco showed higher level of transcript expression for genes related to iron content regulation like iron transporter and metal transporter. While expression of genes related to iron storage such as ferritin 1 and ferritin 2 was downregulated. The transcript expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase was downregulated in hLF transgenic tobacco compared to controls. Further, the transcript expression of two important genes encoding dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase regulatory enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was analyzed. The expression of DFR was found to be downregulated, while PAL expression was upregulated in hLF transgenic tobacco compared to mock and untransformed wild plant. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins contents were found to be higher in hLF transgenic tobacco than the mock and untransformed wild plant. Results suggest that hLF expression in transgenic tobacco leads to iron deficiency, downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, and increase in total flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Plant Metabolic Engineering, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Enomoto Y, Goto F. Long-Distance Signaling of Iron Deficiency in Plants. LONG-DISTANCE SYSTEMIC SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36470-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Legay S, Guignard C, Ziebel J, Evers D. Iron uptake and homeostasis related genes in potato cultivated in vitro under iron deficiency and overload. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 60:180-9. [PMID: 22983142 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Potato is one of the most important staple food in the world because it is a good source of vitamin C, vitamin B6 but also an interesting source of minerals including mainly potassium, but also magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, zinc and iron to a lesser extent. The lack of iron constitutes the main form of micronutrient deficiency in the world, namely iron deficiency anemia, which strongly affects pregnant women and children from developing countries. Iron biofortification of major staple food such as potato is thus a crucial issue for populations from these countries. To better understand mechanisms leading to iron accumulation in potato, we followed in an in vitro culture experiment, by qPCR, in the cultivar Désirée, the influence of media iron content on the expression of genes related to iron uptake, transport and homeostasis. As expected, plantlets grown in a low iron medium (1 mg L(-1) FeNaEDTA) displayed a decreased iron content, a strong induction of iron deficiency-related genes and a decreased expression of ferritins. Inversely, plantlets grown in a high iron medium (120 mg L(-1) FeNaEDTA) strongly accumulated iron in roots; however, no significant change in the expression of our set of genes was observed compared to control (40 mg L(-1) FeNaEDTA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Legay
- Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Department EVA, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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Victoria FDC, Bervald CMP, da Maia LC, de Sousa RO, Panaud O, de Oliveira AC. Phylogenetic relationships and selective pressure on gene families related to iron homeostasis in land plants. Genome 2012; 55:883-900. [PMID: 23231606 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2012-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron is involved in many metabolic processes, such as respiration and photosynthesis, and therefore an essential element for plant development. Comparative analysis of gene copies between crops and lower plant groups can shed light on the evolution of genes important to iron homeostasis. A phylogenetic analysis of five metal homeostasis gene families (NAS, NRAMP, YSL, FRO, and IRT) selected in monocots, dicots, gymnosperms, and bryophytes was performed. The homologous genes were found using known iron homeostasis gene sequences of Oryza sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Physcomitrella patens as queries. The phylogeny was constructed using bioinfomatics tools. A total of 243 gene sequences for 30 plant species were found. The evolutionary fingerprint analysis suggested a purifying selective pressure of iron homeostasis genes for most of the plant gene homologues. The NAS and YSL genes appear to accumulate more negative selection sites, suggesting a strong selective pressure on these two gene families. The divergence time analysis indicates IRT as the most ancient gene family and FRO as the most recent. NRAMP and YSL genes appear to share a close relationship in the evolution of iron homeostasis gene families.
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Kakei Y, Ishimaru Y, Kobayashi T, Yamakawa T, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. OsYSL16 plays a role in the allocation of iron. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 79:583-94. [PMID: 22644443 PMCID: PMC3402674 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Graminaceous plants acquire iron by secreting mugineic acid family phytosiderophores into the rhizosphere and taking up complexes of iron and phytosiderophores through YSL (yellow stripe 1-like) transporters. Rice OsYSL15 is a transporter of the iron(III)-2'-deoxymugineic acid complex. OsYSL16 has 85 % similarity to both OsYSL15 and the iron(II)-nicotianamine transporter OsYSL2. In the present study, we show that OsYSL16 functionally complemented a yeast mutant defective in iron uptake when grown on medium containing iron(III)-deoxymugineic acid, but not when grown on medium containing iron(II)-nicotianamine. OsYSL16-knockdown seedlings were smaller than wild-type seedlings when only iron(III)chloride was supplied as an iron source. The iron concentration in shoots of OsYSL16-knockdown plants was similar to that of the wild type; however, they showed more severe chlorosis than wild-type plants under iron-deficient conditions. Furthermore, OsYSL16-knockdown plants accumulated more iron in the vascular bundles of the leaves. Expression of the OsYSL16 promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase gene showed that OsYSL16 is expressed in the root epidermis and vascular bundles of whole plants. The expression was typically observed around the xylem. In the vascular bundles of unelongated nodes, it was detected in the xylem of old leaves and the phloem of new leaves. Graminaceous plants translocate iron from the roots to old leaves mainly via the xylem and to new leaves mainly via the phloem. Our results suggest that OsYSL16 plays a role in the allocation of iron(III)-deoxymugineic acid via the vascular bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kakei
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Takanori Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Takashi Yamakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Naoko K. Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi-machi, Ishikawa, 921-8836 Japan
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Ishimaru Y, Bashir K, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. OsNRAMP5, a major player for constitutive iron and manganese uptake in rice. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:763-6. [PMID: 22751306 PMCID: PMC3583959 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) are essential mineral micronutrients for plants and their deficiency and or toxicity represents a serious agricultural problem. In rice the information about genes involved in Mn uptake from soil is scarce. Recently, we showed that OsNRAMP5 is a plasma membrane protein involved in Mn and Fe transport. The concentration of Mn in roots, shoots and xylem sap of OsNRAMP5 RNAi (OsNRAMP5i) plants was significantly reduced compared with WT plants. The expression of OsNRAMP5 is not controlled by Fe deficiency in root and was also observed in pistil, ovary, lemma and palea. These data show that rice would utilize OsNRAMP5 for constitutive Fe and Mn uptake, while OsNRAMP5 would also play a role in Fe and Mn transport during flowering and seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Science; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Khurram Bashir
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko K. Nishizawa
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology; Ishikawa Prefectural University; Ishikawa, Japan
- * Correspondence to: Naoko K. Nishizawa;
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Sinclair SA, Krämer U. The zinc homeostasis network of land plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1553-67. [PMID: 22626733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of the essential element zinc (Zn) in the biochemistry of land plants is widespread, and thus comparable to that in other eukaryotes. Plants have evolved the ability to adjust to vast fluctuations in external Zn supply, and they can store considerable amounts of Zn inside cell vacuoles. Moreover, among plants there is overwhelming, but yet little explored, natural genetic diversity that phenotypically affects Zn homeostasis. This results in the ability of specific races or species to thrive in different soils ranging from extremely Zn-deficient to highly Zn-polluted. Zn homeostasis is maintained by a tightly regulated network of low-molecular-weight ligands, membrane transport and Zn-binding proteins, as well as regulators. Here we review Zn homeostasis of land plants largely based on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, for which our molecular understanding is most developed at present. There is some evidence for substantial conservation of Zn homeostasis networks among land pants, and this review can serve as a reference for future comparisons. Major progress has recently been made in our understanding of the regulation of transcriptional Zn deficiency responses and the role of the low-molecular-weight chelator nicotianamine in plant Zn homeostasis. Moreover, we have begun to understand how iron (Fe) and Zn homeostasis interact as a consequence of the chemical similarity between their divalent cations and the lack of specificity of the major root iron uptake transporter IRT1. The molecular analysis of Zn-hyperaccumulating plants reveals how metal homeostasis networks can be effectively modified. These insights are important for sustainable bio-fortification approaches. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cell Biology of Metals.
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Zhang M, Liu X, Yuan L, Wu K, Duan J, Wang X, Yang L. Transcriptional profiling in cadmium-treated rice seedling roots using suppressive subtractive hybridization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 50:79-86. [PMID: 21855360 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a non-essential metal, is a kind of toxic heavy metal to life, which can accumulate in rice tissues including seeds, thus posing a risk to human health through food chain. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of rice response to Cd exposure, suppression subtractive hybridization and mirror orientation selection were used to compare gene expression profiles in seedling roots of Cd-exposed and control (unexposed) rice plants (Oryza sativa L., Nipponbare). Approximately 1700 positive clones, with insertions ranging from 250 to 1300 bp, were identified through reverse cDNA microarray analysis. Gene expression was further confirmed by real time RT-PCR. A number of differentially expressed genes were found in Cd-exposed rice roots, including 28 up-regulated genes and 19 down-regulated genes. They were found to be involved in diverse biological processes, such as metabolism, stress response, ion transport and binding, protein structure and synthesis, as well as signal transduction. Notably a number of known functional genes were identified encoding membrane proteins and stress-related proteins such as heat shock proteins, monosaccharide transporters, CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinases and metal tolerance proteins. The cDNAs isolated in this study contribute to our understanding of genes and the biochemical pathways that may play a key role in the response of plants to metal exposure in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Takahashi R, Ishimaru Y, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Role of the iron transporter OsNRAMP1 in cadmium uptake and accumulation in rice. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:1813-6. [PMID: 22067109 PMCID: PMC3329356 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.11.17587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is toxic to humans, and its accumulation in rice grains is a major agricultural problem. Rice has seven putative metal transporter NRAMP genes, but microarray analysis showed that only OsNRAMP1 is highly up-regulated by iron (Fe) deficiency. OsNRAMP1 localized to the plasma membrane and transported Cd as well as Fe. OsNRAMP1 expression was observed mainly in roots and was higher in the roots of a high-Cd-accumulating cultivar (Habataki) than in those of a low-Cd-accumulating cultivar (Sasanishiki). The amino acid sequence of OsNRAMP1 in the Sasanishiki and Habataki cultivars was found to be 100% identical. These results suggest that OsNRAMP1 participates in cellular Cd uptake and that the differences observed in Cd accumulation among cultivars are because of differences in OsNRAMP1 expression levels in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko K. Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology; Ishikawa Prefectural University; Ishikawa, Japan
- Correspondence to: Naoko K. Nishizawa,
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Mechanisms of Cd Hyperaccumulation and Detoxification in Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulators: How Plants Cope with Cd. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22746-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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31
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Chakrabarty D, Trivedi PK, Misra P, Tiwari M, Shri M, Shukla D, Kumar S, Rai A, Pandey A, Nigam D, Tripathi RD, Tuli R. Comparative transcriptome analysis of arsenate and arsenite stresses in rice seedlings. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 74:688-702. [PMID: 18996570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of arsenic (As) exposure on genome-wide expression was examined in rice (Oryza sativa L., ssp. Indica). A group of defense and stress-responsive genes, transporters, heat-shock proteins, metallothioneins, sulfate-metabolizing proteins, and regulatory genes showed differential expression in rice seedlings challenged with arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII). AsV stress led to upregulation or downregulation of an additional set of genes in comparison to AsIII. Differential expression of several genes that showed the highest contrast in a microarray analysis was validated by following the quantitative changes in the levels of individual transcripts following challenge with AsV, AsIII, Cd, Cr, and Pb. Most of the selected genes responded to challenge by heavy metals such as arsenic. However, expression of one of the cytochrome P450 genes (Os01g43740) in rice root was induced by AsV but not by other heavy metals. Similarly, one glutaredoxin (Os01g26912) is expressed specifically in the AsIII-treated shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Chakrabarty
- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India
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Narayanan NN, Vasconcelos MW, Grusak MA. Expression profiling of Oryza sativa metal homeostasis genes in different rice cultivars using a cDNA macroarray. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2007; 45:277-86. [PMID: 17468002 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important food crop, but it is a poor source of essential micronutrients such as iron and zinc. In order to improve the metal ion content of rice grains through breeding or biotechnology, more information is needed on the molecular players that help mobilize metals from leaves to developing seeds. To profile several genes simultaneously, a cDNA macroarray was developed using 36 metal-related genes from rice, including ZIPs, NRAMPs, and YSLs (coding for known or potential metal transporters), as well as NAS, FER, FRO, NAAT, FDH, GSTU, and PDR (involved in metal homeostasis). Because flag leaves are the major source of phloem-delivered photoassimilates and remobilized metals for developing seeds, we analyzed the expression of these metal-related genes in flag and non-flag leaves of four different rice cultivars (Cocodrie, Taipei 309, IR58, and IR68144) during the period of mid-grain fill. Genes (24 of 36) exhibited low to non-detectable signals in the macroarray, while 12 genes (OsIRT1, OsZIP1, OsZIP5, OsZIP8, OsYSL5, OsYSL6, OsYSL7, OsYSL8, OsYSL18, OsNRAMP2, OsNRAMP4 and OsNRAMP7) were found to be highly expressed in both flag and non-flag leaves of all four cultivars. Additional expression analysis using semi-quantitative or quantitative PCR provided results that were generally consistent with the macroarray, but semi-quantitative PCR confirmed that OsFDH, OsFER1, OsNAAT, OsNAS1, OsPDR9, OsYSL12, OsYSL13, OsZIP7, and OsZIP10 were also expressed in leaves. This specialized macroarray has provided a short list of potential candidate genes, expressed in leaves, which might contribute to the process of metal transport to distant sinks, such as seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan N Narayanan
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Grotz N, Guerinot ML. Molecular aspects of Cu, Fe and Zn homeostasis in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:595-608. [PMID: 16857279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proper metal transport and homeostasis are critical for the growth and development of plants. In order to potentially fortify plants pre-harvest with essential metals in aid of human nutrition, we must understand not only how metals enter the plant but also how metals are then delivered to the edible portions of the plant such as the seed. In this review, we focus on three metals required by both plants and humans: Cu, Fe and Zn. In particular, we present the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Cu, Fe and Zn transport, including aspects of uptake, distribution, chelation and/or sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Grotz
- Dartmouth College, Biological Sciences, 304 Gilman, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Colangelo EP, Guerinot ML. Put the metal to the petal: metal uptake and transport throughout plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2006; 9:322-30. [PMID: 16616607 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to other organisms, plants have expanded families of transporters that are involved in the uptake and efflux of metals. Fortunately, in many cases, the examination of double mutants has been sufficient to overcome the challenge of studying functionally redundant gene families. Plants that lack two heavy-metal-transporting P-type ATPase family members (HMA2 and HMA4) reveal a function for these transporters in Zn translocation from roots to shoots. Likewise, the phenotype of plants that lack two natural resistance associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) homologs (NRAMP3 and NRAMP4) implicate these metal uptake proteins in the mobilization of vacuolar Fe stores during seed germination. Most families of metal transporters are ubiquitous but the Yellow Stripe1-Like (YSL) family is plant specific and YSL family members have been implicated in the transport of metals that are complexed with a plant specific chelator called nicotianamine (NA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Colangelo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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Lanquar V, Lelièvre F, Bolte S, Hamès C, Alcon C, Neumann D, Vansuyt G, Curie C, Schröder A, Krämer U, Barbier-Brygoo H, Thomine S. Mobilization of vacuolar iron by AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 is essential for seed germination on low iron. EMBO J 2005; 24:4041-51. [PMID: 16270029 PMCID: PMC1356305 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is necessary for all living cells, but its bioavailability is often limited. Fe deficiency limits agriculture in many areas and affects over a billion human beings worldwide. In mammals, NRAMP2/DMT1/DCT1 was identified as a major pathway for Fe acquisition and recycling. In plants, AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 are induced under Fe deficiency. The similitude of AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 expression patterns and their common targeting to the vacuole, together with the lack of obvious phenotype in nramp3-1 and nramp4-1 single knockout mutants, suggested a functional redundancy. Indeed, the germination of nramp3 nramp4 double mutants is arrested under low Fe nutrition and fully rescued by high Fe supply. Mutant seeds have wild type Fe content, but fail to retrieve Fe from the vacuolar globoids. Our work thus identifies for the first time the vacuole as an essential compartment for Fe storage in seeds. Our data indicate that mobilization of vacuolar Fe stores by AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 is crucial to support Arabidopsis early development until efficient systems for Fe acquisition from the soil take over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Lanquar
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Susanne Bolte
- Plate-forme d'Imagerie et Biologie Cellulaire, IFR 87 ‘La Plante et son Environnement'/CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cécile Hamès
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carine Alcon
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dieter Neumann
- Leibnitz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Gérard Vansuyt
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS (UMR5004)/INRA/AgroM/Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Curie
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS (UMR5004)/INRA/AgroM/Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Astrid Schröder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
| | | | - Sebastien Thomine
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Tel.: +33 1 69 82 37 93; Fax: +33 1 69 82 37 68; E-mail:
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36
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Eapen S, D'Souza SF. Prospects of genetic engineering of plants for phytoremediation of toxic metals. Biotechnol Adv 2005; 23:97-114. [PMID: 15694122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioremediation is gaining a lot of importance in recent times as an alternate technology for removal of elemental pollutants in soil and water, which require effective methods of decontamination. Phytoremediation--the use of green plants to remove, contain or render harmless environmental pollutants--may offer an effective, environmentally nondestructive and cheap remediation method. The use of genetic engineering to modify plants for metal uptake, transport and sequestration may open up new avenues for enhancing efficiency of phytoremediation. Metal chelator, metal transporter, metallothionein (MT), and phytochelatin (PC) genes have been transferred to plants for improved metal uptake and sequestration. Transgenic plants, which detoxify/accumulate cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic and selenium have been developed. A better understanding of the mechanisms of rhizosphere interaction, uptake, transport and sequestration of metals in hyperaccumulator plants will lead to designing novel transgenic plants with improved remediation traits. As more genes related to metal metabolism are discovered, facilitated by the genome sequencing projects, new vistas will be opened up for development of efficient transgenic plants for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Eapen
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-40085, India.
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37
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Haemig HAH, Brooker RJ. Importance of conserved acidic residues in mntH, the Nramp homolog of Escherichia coli. J Membr Biol 2005; 201:97-107. [PMID: 15630547 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-004-0711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Revised: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A bioinformatic approach was used for the identification of residues that are conserved within the Nramp family of metal transporters. Site-directed mutagenesis was then carried out to change six conserved acidic residues (i.e., Asp-34, Glu-102, Asp-109, Glu-112, Glu-154, and Asp-238) in the E. coli Nramp homolog mntH. Of these six, five of them, Asp-34, Glu-102, Asp-109, Glu-112, and Asp-238 appear to be important for function since conservative substitutions at these sites result in a substantial loss of transport function. In addition, all of the residues within the signature sequence of the Nramp family, DPGN, were also mutated in this study. Each residue was changed to several different side chains, and of ten site-directed mutations made in this motif, only P35G showed any measurable level of (54)Mn(2+) uptake with a V(max) value of approximately 10% of wild-type and a slightly elevated K(m) value. Overall, the data are consistent with a model where helix breakers in the conserved DPGN motif in TMS-1 provide a binding pocket in which Asp-34, Asn-37, Asp-109, Glu-112 (and possibly other residues) are involved in the coordination of Mn(2+). Other residues such as Glu-102 and Asp238 may play a role in the release of Mn(2+) to the cytoplasm or may be involved in maintaining secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A H Haemig
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, the Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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38
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Manthey K, Krajinski F, Hohnjec N, Firnhaber C, Pühler A, Perlick AM, Küster H. Transcriptome profiling in root nodules and arbuscular mycorrhiza identifies a collection of novel genes induced during Medicago truncatula root endosymbioses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2004; 17:1063-77. [PMID: 15497399 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.10.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome profiling based on cDNA array hybridizations and in silico screening was used to identify Medicago truncatula genes induced in both root nodules and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). By array hybridizations, we detected several hundred genes that were upregulated in the root nodule and the AM symbiosis, respectively, with a total of 75 genes being induced during both interactions. The second approach based on in silico data mining yielded several hundred additional candidate genes with a predicted symbiosis-enhanced expression. A subset of the genes identified by either expression profiling tool was subjected to quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for a verification of their symbiosis-induced expression. That way, induction in root nodules and AM was confirmed for 26 genes, most of them being reported as symbiosis-induced for the first time. In addition to delivering a number of novel symbiosis-induced genes, our approach identified several genes that were induced in only one of the two root endosymbioses. The spatial expression patterns of two symbiosis-induced genes encoding an annexin and a beta-tubulin were characterized in transgenic roots using promoter-reporter gene fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Manthey
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Li H, Li F, Qian ZM, Sun H. Structure and topology of the transmembrane domain 4 of the divalent metal transporter in membrane-mimetic environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:1938-51. [PMID: 15128303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The divalent metal transporter (DMT1) is a 12-transmembrane domain protein responsible for dietary iron uptake in the duodenum and iron acquisition from transferrin in peripheral tissues. The transmembrane domain 4 (TM4) of DMT1 has been shown to be crucial for its biological function. Here we report the 3D structure and topology of the DMT1-TM4 peptide by NMR spectroscopy with simulated annealing calculations in membrane-mimetic environments, e.g. 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and SDS micelles. The 3D structures of the peptide are similar in both environments, with nonordered and flexible N- and C-termini flanking an ordered helical region. The final set of the 16 lowest energy structures is particularly well defined in the region of residues Leu9-Phe20 in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, with a mean pairwise root mean square deviation of 0.23 +/- 0.10 A for the backbone heavy atoms and 0.82 +/- 0.17 A for all heavy atoms. In SDS micelles, the length of the helix is dependent on pH values. In particular, the C-terminus becomes well-structured at low pH (4.0), whereas the N-terminal segment (Arg1-Gly7) is flexible and poorly defined at all pH values studied. The effects of 12-doxylPtdCho spin-label and paramagnetic metal ions on NMR signal intensities demonstrated that both the N-terminus and helical region of the TM4 are embedded into the interior of SDS micelles. Unexpectedly, we observed that amide protons exchanged much faster in SDS than in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, indicating that there is possible solvent accessibility in the structure. The paramagnetic metal ions broaden NMR signals from residues both situated in aqueous phase and in the helical region. From these results we speculate that DMT1-TM4s may self-assemble to form a channel through which metal ions are likely to be transported. These results might provide an insight into the structure-function relationship for the integral DMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The University of Hong Kong, China
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40
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Rosakis A, Köster W. Transition metal transport in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii—genomic sequence analysis. Res Microbiol 2004; 155:201-10. [PMID: 15059633 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2003.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2003] [Accepted: 12/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uptake and export systems play a major role in transition metal homeostasis. The objective of this study was to identify potential metal transport mechanisms in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We concentrated on the four major transition metal transporter families found in plants and other organisms: the ZIP, CDF and Nramp families, and the CPx-ATPases. Using the information available for these protein families we performed comparative sequence analysis in the recently released genome of C. reinhardtii. Using this approach we were able to identify members of all four transporter families (four ZIPs, one CDF, two CPx-ATPases, and five Nramps). These findings advance our current knowledge of the metal transport processes present in C. reinhardtii. In addition, by subsequent in silico splicing of the genomic sequence we obtained cDNA sequences which led to the identification of ESTs (expressed sequence tags) in the C. reinhardtii EST database. These identified ESTs will be valuable for the cloning and characterization of several metal transporters utilized by the alga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rosakis
- Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Ecotoxicology, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
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Schmidt W. Iron solutions: acquisition strategies and signaling pathways in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2003; 8:188-93. [PMID: 12711231 DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(03)00048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for plants and crucial for a variety of cellular functions. In most soils, iron is present in large quantities, but mainly in forms that are not available to plants. Mobilization of iron by plants is achieved by different strategies, either by secretion of plant-borne chelators or by reductive and proton-promoted processes. These reactions, and subsequent uptake of Fe via specific transporters, are increased when the Fe requirements of the plant are not being met. When iron is taken up in excess of cellular needs, toxic oxygen radicals can form. Therefore, plants must tightly regulate iron levels within the cell. This article presents recent progress towards an integrative picture of how iron is sensed and acquired.
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Abstract
Cellular and whole organism iron homeostasis must be balanced to supply enough iron for metabolism and to avoid excessive, toxic levels. To perform iron uptake from the environment, iron distribution to various organs and tissues, and iron intracellular compartmentalization, various membranes must be crossed by this metal. The uptake and transport of iron under physiological conditions require particular processes such as chelation or reduction because ferric iron has a very low solubility. The molecular actors involved in iron acquisition from the soil have recently been characterized. A few candidates belonging to various gene families are hypothesized to play major roles in iron distribution throughout the plant. All these transport activities are tightly regulated at transcriptional and posttranslational levels, according to the iron status of the plant. These coordinated regulations result from an integration of local and long-distance transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Curie
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Montpellier 2, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
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Reid R, Hayes J. Mechanisms and Control of Nutrient Uptake in Plants. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2003; 229:73-114. [PMID: 14669955 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(03)29003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review is a distillation of the vast amount of physiological and molecular data on plant membrane transport, to provide a concise overview of the main processes involved in the uptake of mineral nutrients in plants. Emphasis has been placed on transport across the plasma membrane, and on the primary uptake from soil into roots, or in the case of aquatic plants, from their aqueous environment. Control of uptake has been mainly considered in terms of local effects on the rate of transport and not in terms of long-distance signaling. The general picture emerging is of a large array of membrane transporters, few of which display any strong selectivity for individual nutrients. Instead, many transporters allow low-affinity uptake of several different nutrients. These features, plus the huge number of potential transporter genes that has been revealed by sequencing of plant genomes, raise some interesting questions about their evolution and likely function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Reid
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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44
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Abstract
To acquire iron, all species have had to overcome the problems of iron insolubility and toxicity. This review surveys the approaches taken in solubilizing and transporting iron by species in different kingdoms. In some instances, iron uptake systems are novel and are restricted to a few species or to a biologic kingdom. In other instances, it is clear that all organisms use homologous genes. With rare exceptions, ferrous iron (Fe(2+)) transport systems are not specific for iron and will effect uptake of other transition metals. Ferric iron (Fe(3+)) transport systems are highly specific for iron, and in vertebrates are used to target iron transport to specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2408, USA
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45
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Grotz N, Guerinot ML. Limiting nutrients: an old problem with new solutions? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2002; 5:158-163. [PMID: 11856613 DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5266(02)00247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Iron and phosphorus are essential minerals for both humans and plants. Advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the mobilization, transport and storage of these minerals now allow us to engineer plants to improve the yield and mineral nutrition of crops. Strategies range from increasing the expression of endogenous genes, such as that encoding the iron storage protein ferritin, to expressing a phytase gene from the fungus Aspergillus in Arabidopsis, thereby allowing the plants to obtain a previously unusable pool of phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Grotz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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46
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Abstract
As plant cells are highly compartmentalized, the entrance and exit points of metabolic pathways frequently involve membrane passages of solutes. Transport proteins are often located in strategic positions to control whole pathways and have to be considered in the development of metabolic engineering strategies. Here, we discuss examples of pathways (in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid and secondary compound synthesis, and mineral metabolism) in which membrane transport steps are considered to exert major control and in which transport proteins have been employed to manipulate metabolic fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Kunze
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Gyrhofstrasse 15, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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47
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Blackwell JM, Goswami T, Evans CA, Sibthorpe D, Papo N, White JK, Searle S, Miller EN, Peacock CS, Mohammed H, Ibrahim M. SLC11A1 (formerly NRAMP1) and disease resistance. Cell Microbiol 2001; 3:773-84. [PMID: 11736990 PMCID: PMC3025745 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2001.00150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Blackwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.
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48
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Forbes JR, Gros P. Divalent-metal transport by NRAMP proteins at the interface of host-pathogen interactions. Trends Microbiol 2001; 9:397-403. [PMID: 11514223 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The NRAMP family of divalent-metal transporters plays a key role in the homeostasis of iron and other metals. NRAMP2 (DMT1) acts as an iron-uptake protein in both the duodenum and in peripheral tissues. NRAMP1 functions as a divalent-metal efflux pump at the phagosomal membrane of macrophages and neutrophils, and mutations in NRAMP1 cause susceptibility to several intracellular pathogens. NRAMP homologues have been identified in bacteria and are involved in acquiring divalent metals from the extracellular environment. Interestingly, bacterial and mammalian NRAMP proteins would compete for the same essential substrates within the microenvironment of the phagosome, at the interface of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Forbes
- Dept of Biochemistry and Center for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Canada
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