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Kajani S, Laker RC, Ratkova E, Will S, Rhodes CJ. Hepatic glucagon action: beyond glucose mobilization. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1021-1060. [PMID: 38300523 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon's ability to promote hepatic glucose production has been known for over a century, with initial observations touting this hormone as a diabetogenic agent. However, glucagon receptor agonism [when balanced with an incretin, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) to dampen glucose excursions] is now being developed as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of metabolic diseases, like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD/MASH), and may also have benefit for obesity and chronic kidney disease. Conventionally regarded as the opposing tag-team partner of the anabolic mediator insulin, glucagon is gradually emerging as more than just a "catabolic hormone." Glucagon action on glucose homeostasis within the liver has been well characterized. However, growing evidence, in part thanks to new and sensitive "omics" technologies, has implicated glucagon as more than just a "glucose liberator." Elucidation of glucagon's capacity to increase fatty acid oxidation while attenuating endogenous lipid synthesis speaks to the dichotomous nature of the hormone. Furthermore, glucagon action is not limited to just glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, as traditionally reported. Glucagon plays key regulatory roles in hepatic amino acid and ketone body metabolism, as well as mitochondrial turnover and function, indicating broader glucagon signaling consequences for metabolic homeostasis mediated by the liver. Here we examine the broadening role of glucagon signaling within the hepatocyte and question the current dogma, to appreciate glucagon as more than just that "catabolic hormone."
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Kajani
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Rhianna C Laker
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Ekaterina Ratkova
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sarah Will
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
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Somabattini RA, Sherin S, Siva B, Chowdhury N, Nanjappan SK. Unravelling the complexities of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of metabolism, transporters, and herb-drug interactions. Life Sci 2024; 351:122806. [PMID: 38852799 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a mainstream halting liver disease with high prevalence in North America, Europe, and other world regions. It is an advanced form of NAFLD caused by the amassing of fat in the liver and can progress to the more severe form known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Until recently, there was no authorized pharmacotherapy reported for NASH, and to improve the patient's metabolic syndrome, the focus is mainly on lifestyle modification, weight loss, ensuring a healthy diet, and increased physical activity; however, the recent approval of Rezdiffra (Resmetirom) by the US FDA may change this narrative. As per the reported studies, there is an increased articulation of uptake and efflux transporters of the liver, including OATP and MRP, in NASH, leading to changes in the drug's pharmacokinetic properties. This increase leads to alterations in the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Furthermore, modifications in Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can have a significant impact on these properties. Xenobiotics are metabolized primarily in the liver and constitute liver enzymes and transporters. This review aims to delve into the role of metabolism, transport, and potential herb-drug interactions in the context of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Adinarayan Somabattini
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sahla Sherin
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhukya Siva
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Neelanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Nanjappan
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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3
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Han T, Xu W, Wang X, Gao J, Zhang S, Yang L, Wang M, Li C, Li X. Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-induced hepatotoxicity and gender differences in zebrafish as revealed by integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155411. [PMID: 38518638 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Em8G) is an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.. And it caused hepatotoxicity, while the underlying mechanism was not clear yet. PURPOSE We aimed to explore the detrimental effects of Em8G on the zebrafish liver through the metabolome and transcriptome integrated analysis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, zebrafish larvae were used in acute toxicity tests to reveal the hepatotoxicity of Em8G. Adult zebrafish were then used to evaluate the gender differences in hepatotoxicity induced by Em8G. Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was used further to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying gender differences in hepatotoxicity. RESULTS Our results showed that under non-lethal concentration exposure conditions, hepatotoxicity was observed in Em8G-treated zebrafish larvae, including changes in liver transmittance, liver area, hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatocyte vacuolation. Male adult zebrafish displayed a higher Em8G-induced hepatotoxicity than female zebrafish, as demonstrated by the higher mortality and histopathological alterations. The results of transcriptomics combined with metabolomics showed that Em8G mainly affected carbohydrate metabolism (such as TCA cycle) in male zebrafish and amino acid metabolism (such as arginine and proline metabolism) in females, suggesting that the difference of energy metabolism disorder may be the potential mechanism of male and female liver toxicity induced by Em8G. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the direct evidence for the hepatotoxicity of Em8G to zebrafish models in vivo, and brought a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of Em8G hepatotoxicity, which can guide the rational application of this phytotoxin. In addition, our findings revealed gender differences in the hepatotoxicity of Em8G to zebrafish, which is related to energy metabolism and provided a methodological reference for evaluating hepatotoxic drugs with gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Han
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshuai Li
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangri Li
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Zhang X, Li Z, Qian M, Zhang B, Zhang H, Wang L, Liu H. Transcriptome and Metabolome analysis reveal HFPO-TA induced disorders of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in rat by interfering with PPAR signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114632. [PMID: 38583503 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PFOA is one of the most representative compounds in the family of perfluorinated organic compounds. Due to its varying toxicity, alternatives to PFOA are beginning to emerge. HFPO-TA is an alternative for PFOA. It is currently unclear whether HFPO-TA affects glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, rats were used as an animal model to investigate the effects of HFPO-TA on liver glucose and lipid metabolism. We found that HFPO-TA can affect glucose tolerance. Through omics analysis and molecular detection, it was found that HFPO-TA mainly affects the PPAR signaling pathway in the liver of rats, inhibiting liver glycolysis while promoting glucose production. HFPO-TA not only promotes the synthesis of fatty acids in the liver, but also promotes the breakdown of fatty acids, which ultimately leads to the disruption of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. The effects of HFPO-TA on metabolism are discussed in this paper to provide a reference for the risk assessment of this PFOA substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, PR China; Bengbu Medical University Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, PR China
| | - Mingqing Qian
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, PR China
| | - Bingya Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, PR China; Bengbu Medical University Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, PR China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, PR China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, PR China; Bengbu Medical University Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, PR China.
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5
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Taheri R, Mokhtari Y, Yousefi AM, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt signaling axis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): From mechanistic insights into possible therapeutic targets. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38812089 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an immensely debilitating chronic disease that progressively undermines the well-being of various bodily organs and, indeed, most patients succumb to the disease due to post-T2DM complications. Although there is evidence supporting the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway by insulin, which is essential in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, the significance of this pathway in T2DM has only been explored in a few studies. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which different classes of PI3Ks control the metabolism of glucose; and also to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. We also summarized the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in target tissues spanning from the skeletal muscle to the adipose tissue and liver. Furthermore, inquiries regarding the impact of disrupting this axis on insulin function and the development of insulin resistance have been addressed. We also provide a general overview of the association of impaired PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the most prevalent diabetes-related complications. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic potential of this axis by outlining the latest advances in active compounds that alleviate diabetes via modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Finally, we comment on the future research aspects in which the field of T2DM therapies using PI3K modulators might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Mokhtari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Okada J, Landgraf A, Xiaoli AM, Liu L, Horton M, Schuster VL, Yang F, Sidoli S, Qiu Y, Kurland IJ, Eliscovich C, Shinoda K, Pessin JE. Spatial hepatocyte plasticity of gluconeogenesis during the metabolic transitions between fed, fasted and starvation states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.591168. [PMID: 38746329 PMCID: PMC11092462 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The liver acts as a master regulator of metabolic homeostasis in part by performing gluconeogenesis. This process is dysregulated in type 2 diabetes, leading to elevated hepatic glucose output. The parenchymal cells of the liver (hepatocytes) are heterogeneous, existing on an axis between the portal triad and the central vein, and perform distinct functions depending on location in the lobule. Here, using single cell analysis of hepatocytes across the liver lobule, we demonstrate that gluconeogenic gene expression ( Pck1 and G6pc ) is relatively low in the fed state and gradually increases first in the periportal hepatocytes during the initial fasting period. As the time of fasting progresses, pericentral hepatocyte gluconeogenic gene expression increases, and following entry into the starvation state, the pericentral hepatocytes show similar gluconeogenic gene expression to the periportal hepatocytes. Similarly, pyruvate-dependent gluconeogenic activity is approximately 10-fold higher in the periportal hepatocytes during the initial fasting state but only 1.5-fold higher in the starvation state. In parallel, starvation suppresses canonical beta-catenin signaling and modulates expression of pericentral and periportal glutamine synthetase and glutaminase, resulting in an enhanced pericentral glutamine-dependent gluconeogenesis. These findings demonstrate that hepatocyte gluconeogenic gene expression and gluconeogenic activity are highly spatially and temporally plastic across the liver lobule, underscoring the critical importance of using well-defined feeding and fasting conditions to define the basis of hepatic insulin resistance and glucose production.
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Huang Y, Zhang X, Li Q, Zheng W, Wu P, Wu R, Chen WH, Li C. N- p-coumaroyloctopamine ameliorates hepatic glucose metabolism and oxidative stress involved in a PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396641. [PMID: 38725660 PMCID: PMC11079176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is regarded as a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Long-term hyperglycemia may result in oxidative stress, damage pancreatic β-cell function and induce insulin resistance. Herein we explored the anti-hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of action of N-p-coumaroyloctopamine (N-p-CO) in vitro and in vivo. N-p-CO exhibited high antioxidant activity, as indicated by the increased activity of SOD, GSH and GSH-Px in HL-7702 cells induced by both high glucose (HG) and palmitic acid (PA). N-p-CO treatment significantly augmented glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in HG/PA-treated HL-7702 cells. Moreover, administration of N-p-CO in diabetic mice induced by both high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) not only significantly increased the antioxidant levels of GSH-PX, SOD and GSH, but also dramatically alleviated hyperglycemia and hepatic glucose metabolism in a dose-dependent manner. More importantly, N-p-CO upregulated the expressions of PI3K, AKT and GSK3β proteins in both HG/PA-induced HL-7702 cells and HFD/STZ-induced mice. These findings clearly suggest that N-p-CO exerts anti-hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant effects, most probably via the regulation of a PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Thus, N-p-CO may have high potentials as a new candidate for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechang Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xingmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wende Zheng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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da Silva GB, Manica D, da Silva AP, Valcarenghi E, Donassolo SR, Kosvoski GC, Mingoti MED, Gavioli J, Cassol JV, Hanauer MC, Hellmann MB, Marafon F, Bertollo AG, de Medeiros J, Cortez AD, Réus GZ, de Oliveira GG, Ignácio ZM, Bagatini MD. Peripheral biomarkers as a predictor of poor prognosis in severe cases of COVID-19. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01171-6. [PMID: 38636654 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated glycemia and triglyceride, hepatic, muscular, and renal damage markers, redox profile, and leptin and ghrelin hormone levels of COVID-19 patients. We also realized statistical analysis to verify the potential of biomarkers to predict poor prognosis and the correlation between them in severe cases. We assessed glycemia and the levels of triglycerides, hepatic, muscular, and renal markers in automatized biochemical analyzer. The leptin and ghrelin hormones were assessed by the ELISA assay. Severe cases presented high glycemia and triglyceride levels. Hepatic, muscular, and renal biomarkers were altered in severe patients. An oxidative stress status was found in severe COVID-19 patients. Severe cases also had increased levels of leptin. The ROC curves indicated many biomarkers as poor prognosis predictors in severe cases. The Spearman analysis showed that biomarkers correlate between themselves. Patients with COVID-19 showed significant dysregulation in the levels of several peripheral biomarkers. We bring to light that a robust panel of peripheral biomarkers and hormones predict poor prognosis in severe cases of COVID-19, as well as correlates between them. Early monitoring of these biomarkers may conduct the correct clinical intervention associated with the clinical symptoms for treating patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilnei B da Silva
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Daiane Manica
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Alana P da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Valcarenghi
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Sabine R Donassolo
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Greicy C Kosvoski
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Maiqueli E D Mingoti
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jullye Gavioli
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Joana V Cassol
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marceli C Hanauer
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariélly B Hellmann
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Filomena Marafon
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda G Bertollo
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jesiel de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Arthur D Cortez
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Zuleide M Ignácio
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete D Bagatini
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Guo Y, Zhang L, Li M, Lin L, Xue F, Gao W, Xu X, Huang H. Metabolomics of Mice with Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Treated by Acupuncture. Int J Endocrinol 2024; 2024:5568337. [PMID: 38633528 PMCID: PMC11023731 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5568337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To investigate the effects of acupuncture on endogenous metabolites in the liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice-based metabolomics. Methods Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis and univariate analysis were used to analyze the changes of endogenous metabolites in the liver of mice in each group and to provide new clinical ideas for acupuncture in the treatment of glycolipid metabolism disorders caused by T2DM and NAFLD. Results After 4 weeks of continuous treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (INS), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) decreased significantly in mice in the acupuncture treatment group (ATG), and the content of liver glycogen increased significantly. Based on 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis, a total of 47 metabolites were identified in the liver of T2DM with NAFLD mice, of which eight metabolites: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, adenosine, glutamate, isoleucine, ATP, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, NADP+, and leucine were significantly altered by acupuncture treatment. Through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, it is found that acupuncture has an intervention effect on five metabolic pathways, mainly involving amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. Conclusion Our study shows that acupuncture can regulate the liver metabolism mode of T2DM in NAFLD mice. It can reduce blood glucose and lipid accumulation in the liver, and these findings provide a new idea and theoretical basis for acupuncture in the treatment of diseases related to glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Guo
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Linan Lin
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Fuyu Xue
- Acupuncture and Massage Treatment Center, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Wanning Gao
- Encephalopathy Center, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoru Xu
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Haipeng Huang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
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Kha S, Chaiyadet S, Saichua P, Tangkawatana S, Sripa B, Suttiprapa S. Opisthorchis viverrini excretory-secretory products suppress GLUT8 of cholangiocytes. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:161. [PMID: 38491300 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini infection and the subsequent bile duct cancer it induces remains a significant public health problem in Southeast Asia. Opisthorchiasis has been reported to cause reduced plasma glucose levels among infected patients. The underlying mechanism for this phenomenon is unclear. In the present study, evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that O. viverrini exploits host cholangiocyte glucose transporters (GLUTs) in a similar manner to that of rodent intestinal nematodes, to feed on unabsorbed glucose in the bile for survival. GLUT levels in a cholangiocyte H69 cell line co-cultured with excretory-secretory products of O. viverrini were examined using qPCR and immunoblotting. GLUT 8 mRNA and expressed proteins were found to be downregulated in H69 cells in the presence of O. viverrini. This suggests that O. viverrini alters glucose metabolism in cells within its vicinity by limiting transporter expression resulting in increased bile glucose that it can utilize and potentially explains the previously reported anti-insulin effect of opisthorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Kha
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sujittra Chaiyadet
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Prasert Saichua
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawatana
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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11
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Mendoza-Martínez GD, Orzuna-Orzuna JF, Roque-Jiménez JA, Gloria-Trujillo A, Martínez-García JA, Sánchez-López N, Hernández-García PA, Lee-Rangel HA. A Polyherbal Mixture with Nutraceutical Properties for Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis and Review of BioCholine Powder. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:667. [PMID: 38473052 PMCID: PMC11154432 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BioCholine Powder is a polyherbal feed additive composed of Achyrantes aspera, Trachyspermum ammi, Azadirachta indica, and Citrullus colocynthis. The objective of this study was to analyze published results that support the hypothesis that the polyherbal product BioCholine Powder has rumen bypass choline metabolites through a meta-analysis and effect size analysis (ES). Using Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and university dissertation databases, a systematic search was conducted for experiments published in scientific documents that evaluated the effects of BioCholine supplementation on the variables of interest. The analyzed data were extracted from twenty-one publications (fifteen scientific articles, three abstracts, and three graduate dissertations available in institutional libraries). The studies included lamb growing-finishing, lactating ewes and goats, calves, and dairy cows. The effects of BioCholine were analyzed using random effects statistical models to compare the weighted mean difference (WMD) between BioCholine-supplemented ruminants and controls (no BioCholine). Heterogeneity was explored, and three subgroup analyses were performed for doses [(4 (or 5 g/d), 8 (10 g/d)], supplementation in gestating and lactating ewes (pre- and postpartum supplementation), and blood metabolites by species and physiological state (lactating goats, calves, lambs, ewes). Supplementation with BioCholine in sheep increased the average daily lamb gain (p < 0.05), final body weight (p < 0.01), and daily milk yield (p < 0.05) without effects on intake or feed conversion. Milk yield was improved in small ruminants with BioCholine prepartum supplementation (p < 0.10). BioCholine supplementation decreased blood urea (p < 0.01) and increased levels of the liver enzymes alanine transaminase (ALT; p < 0.10) and albumin (p < 0.001). BioCholine doses over 8 g/d increased blood glucose, albumin (p < 0.10), cholesterol, total protein, and globulin (p < 0.05). The ES values of BioCholine in retained energy over the control in growing lambs were +7.15% NEm (p < 0.10) and +9.25% NEg (p < 0.10). In conclusion, adding BioCholine Powder to domestic ruminants' diets improves productive performance, blood metabolite indicators of protein metabolism, and liver health, showing its nutraceutical properties where phosphatidylcholine prevails as an alternative that can meet the choline requirements in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán David Mendoza-Martínez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana—Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (G.D.M.-M.); (J.A.R.-J.); (A.G.-T.); (J.A.M.-G.); (N.S.-L.)
| | | | - José Alejandro Roque-Jiménez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana—Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (G.D.M.-M.); (J.A.R.-J.); (A.G.-T.); (J.A.M.-G.); (N.S.-L.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali 21705, Mexico
| | - Adrián Gloria-Trujillo
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana—Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (G.D.M.-M.); (J.A.R.-J.); (A.G.-T.); (J.A.M.-G.); (N.S.-L.)
| | - José Antonio Martínez-García
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana—Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (G.D.M.-M.); (J.A.R.-J.); (A.G.-T.); (J.A.M.-G.); (N.S.-L.)
| | - Nallely Sánchez-López
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana—Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (G.D.M.-M.); (J.A.R.-J.); (A.G.-T.); (J.A.M.-G.); (N.S.-L.)
| | | | - Héctor Aaron Lee-Rangel
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Centro de Biociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Soledad de Graciano Sánchez 78000, Mexico;
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12
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Giommi C, Lombó M, Habibi HR, Rossi G, Basili D, Mangiaterra S, Ladisa C, Chemello G, Carnevali O, Maradonna F. The probiotic SLAB51 as agent to counteract BPA toxicity on zebrafish gut microbiota -liver-brain axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169303. [PMID: 38135076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of studies have so far described the toxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on organism health, highlighting the urgent need to find new strategies not only to reduce the presence of this toxicant but also to counteract its adverse effects. In this context, probiotics emerged as a potential tool since they promote organism welfare. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study explores the effects of SLAB51 dietary administration to counteract BPA toxicity using zebrafish as a model. Adult males and females were maintained under standard conditions (control group; C), exposed for 28 days via the water to an environmental relevant dose of BPA (10 μg/L; BPA), dietary treated with SLAB51 (109 CFU/g of body weight; P) and co-treated with BPA plus SLAB51 (BPA + P). In the gut, exposure to BPA resulted in altered architecture in both males and females, with females also experiencing an increase of pathogenic bacterial species. Co-administration of BPA + P led to the restoration of normal gut architecture, favored beneficial bacteria colonization, and decreased the abundance of pathogenic species. In the liver, male BPA exposure led to steatosis and glycogen depletion, which was partially mitigated by SLAB51 co-administration. In contrast, in females exposed to BPA, the lack of steatosis along with the greater glycogen depletion, suggested an increase in energy demand as supported by the metabolomic phenotype. The analysis of liver metabolites in BPA + P males revealed increased levels of anserine and reduced levels of glutamine, which could lie behind the counteraction of the brain histopathological damage caused by BPA. In BPA + P females, a reduction of retinoic acid was found in the liver, suggesting an increase in retinoids responsible for BPA detoxification. Overall, these results demonstrate that SLAB51 exerts its beneficial effects on the gut microbiota-brain-liver axis through distinct molecular pathways, effectively mitigating the pleiotropic toxicity of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Giommi
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB - Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy.
| | - Marta Lombó
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB - Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Hamid R Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy.
| | - Danilo Basili
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy.
| | - Claudia Ladisa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB - Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy.
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB - Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB - Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy.
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13
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Mondal AK, Brock DC, Rowan S, Yang ZH, Rojulpote KV, Smith KM, Francisco SG, Bejarano E, English MA, Deik A, Jeanfavre S, Clish CB, Remaley AT, Taylor A, Swaroop A. Selective transcriptomic dysregulation of metabolic pathways in liver and retina by short- and long-term dietary hyperglycemia. iScience 2024; 27:108979. [PMID: 38333717 PMCID: PMC10850775 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A high glycemic index (HGI) diet induces hyperglycemia, a risk factor for diseases affecting multiple organ systems. Here, we evaluated tissue-specific adaptations in the liver and retina after feeding HGI diet to mice for 1 or 12 month. In the liver, genes associated with inflammation and fatty acid metabolism were altered within 1 month of HGI diet, whereas 12-month HGI diet-fed group showed dysregulated expression of cytochrome P450 genes and overexpression of lipogenic factors including Srebf1 and Elovl5. In contrast, retinal transcriptome exhibited HGI-related notable alterations in energy metabolism genes only after 12 months. Liver fatty acid profiles in HGI group revealed higher levels of monounsaturated and lower levels of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, HGI diet increased blood low-density lipoprotein, and diet-aging interactions affected expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes in the liver and disease-associated genes in retina. Thus, our findings provide new insights into retinal and hepatic adaptive mechanisms to dietary hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam K. Mondal
- Neurobiology Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C. Brock
- Neurobiology Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- Laboratory for Nutrition & Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, and Department of Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Krishna Vamsi Rojulpote
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelsey M. Smith
- Laboratory for Nutrition & Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, and Department of Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah G. Francisco
- Laboratory for Nutrition & Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eloy Bejarano
- Laboratory for Nutrition & Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milton A. English
- Neurobiology Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition & Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, and Department of Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Klip A, De Bock K, Bilan PJ, Richter EA. Transcellular Barriers to Glucose Delivery in the Body. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:149-173. [PMID: 38345907 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-031657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Glucose is the universal fuel of most mammalian cells, and it is largely replenished through dietary intake. Glucose availability to tissues is paramount for the maintenance of homeostatic energetics and, hence, supply should match demand by the consuming organs. In its journey through the body, glucose encounters cellular barriers for transit at the levels of the absorbing intestinal epithelial wall, the renal epithelium mediating glucose reabsorption, and the tight capillary endothelia (especially in the brain). Glucose transiting through these cellular barriers must escape degradation to ensure optimal glucose delivery to the bloodstream or tissues. The liver, which stores glycogen and generates glucose de novo, must similarly be able to release it intact to the circulation. We present the most up-to-date knowledge on glucose handling by the gut, liver, brain endothelium, and kidney, and discuss underlying molecular mechanisms and open questions. Diseases associated with defects in glucose delivery and homeostasis are also briefly addressed. We propose that the universal problem of sparing glucose from catabolism in favor of translocation across the barriers posed by epithelia and endothelia is resolved through common mechanisms involving glucose transfer to the endoplasmic reticulum, from where glucose exits the cells via unconventional cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Erik A Richter
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Lee J, Hong SW, Kim MJ, Lim YM, Moon SJ, Kwon H, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Inhibition of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 during Serum Deprivation Increases Hepatic Gluconeogenesis via the AMPK/AKT/FOXO Signaling Pathway. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:98-108. [PMID: 38171209 PMCID: PMC10901661 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) mediates glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules, and SGLT2 inhibitors are used as therapeutic agents for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibition on hepatic glucose metabolism in both serum deprivation and serum supplementation states. METHODS Huh7 cells were treated with the SGLT2 inhibitors empagliflozin and dapagliflozin to examine the effect of SGLT2 on hepatic glucose uptake. To examine the modulation of glucose metabolism by SGLT2 inhibition under serum deprivation and serum supplementation conditions, HepG2 cells were transfected with SGLT2 small interfering RNA (siRNA), cultured in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium for 16 hours, and then cultured in media supplemented with or without 10% fetal bovine serum for 8 hours. RESULTS SGLT2 inhibitors dose-dependently decreased hepatic glucose uptake. Serum deprivation increased the expression levels of the gluconeogenesis genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6pase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and their expression levels during serum deprivation were further increased in cells transfected with SGLT2 siRNA. SGLT2 inhibition by siRNA during serum deprivation induces nuclear localization of the transcription factor forkhead box class O 1 (FOXO1), decreases nuclear phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT), and p-FOXO1 protein expression, and increases phosphorylated-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) protein expression. However, treatment with the AMPK inhibitor, compound C, reversed the reduction in the protein expression levels of nuclear p- AKT and p-FOXO1 and decreased the protein expression levels of p-AMPK and PEPCK in cells transfected with SGLT2 siRNA during serum deprivation. CONCLUSION These data show that SGLT2 mediates glucose uptake in hepatocytes and that SGLT2 inhibition during serum deprivation increases gluconeogenesis via the AMPK/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Lee
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Woo Hong
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Joon Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Wang Y, Wu J, Wan M, Yang D, Liu F, Li K, Hu M, Tang Y, Lu H, Zhang S, Xiong Y. m-Cresol,a pesticide intermediate, induces hepatotoxicity and behavioral abnormalities in zebrafish larvae through oxidative stress, apoptosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 94:105723. [PMID: 37871866 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
m-Cresol is mainly used as a pesticide intermediate. It is industrially used in the production of insecticides including boronone and fenthion. It is also an intermediate for color film, resins, plasticizers and fragrances. However, m-cresol has the potential to cause environmental contamination if released accidentally. The molecular mechanism of m-cresol mediated hepatotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, zebrafish larvae were used to comprehensively study the hepatotoxicity of m-cresol and explore its molecular mechanism. After 72 hpf of fertilization, zebrafish larvae were exposed to 0.2 mM,0.4 mM, and 0.6 mM of m-cresol. Varying degrees of liver injury and behavioral abnormalities were observed. The hepatotoxicity of zebrafish larvae may be induced by oxidative stress pathway and apoptosis of cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nangchang 330027, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases,jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases,jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Mengqi Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Dou Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nangchang 330027, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases,jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases,jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Kehao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Manxin Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nangchang 330027, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases,jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jian 343000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Yuanzhen Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nangchang 330027, Jiangxi, China.
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17
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Hu YJ, Zhang X, Lv HM, Liu Y, Li SZ. Protein O-GlcNAcylation: The sweet hub in liver metabolic flexibility from a (patho)physiological perspective. Liver Int 2024; 44:293-315. [PMID: 38110988 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic, reversible and atypical O-glycosylation that regulates various cellular physiological processes via conformation, stabilisation, localisation, chaperone interaction or activity of target proteins. The O-GlcNAcylation cycle is precisely controlled by collaboration between O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. Uridine-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine, the sole donor of O-GlcNAcylation produced by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, is controlled by the input of glucose, glutamine, acetyl coenzyme A and uridine triphosphate, making it a sensor of the fluctuation of molecules, making O-GlcNAcylation a pivotal nutrient sensor for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids and nucleotides. O-GlcNAcylation, particularly prevalent in liver, is the core hub for controlling systemic glucose homeostasis due to its nutritional sensitivity and precise spatiotemporal regulation of insulin signal transduction. The pathology of various liver diseases has highlighted hepatic metabolic disorder and dysfunction, and abnormal O-GlcNAcylation also plays a specific pathological role in these processes. Therefore, this review describes the unique features of O-GlcNAcylation and its dynamic homeostasis maintenance. Additionally, it explains the underlying nutritional sensitivity of O-GlcNAcylation and discusses its mechanism of spatiotemporal modulation of insulin signal transduction and liver metabolic homeostasis during the fasting and feeding cycle. This review emphasises the pathophysiological implications of O-GlcNAcylation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis, and focuses on the adverse effects of hyper O-GlcNAcylation on liver cancer progression and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hong-Ming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shi-Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Uehara K, Lee WD, Stefkovich M, Biswas D, Santoleri D, Garcia Whitlock A, Quinn W, Coopersmith T, Creasy KT, Rader DJ, Sakamoto K, Rabinowitz JD, Titchenell PM. mTORC1 controls murine postprandial hepatic glycogen synthesis via Ppp1r3b. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173782. [PMID: 38290087 PMCID: PMC10977990 DOI: 10.1172/jci173782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to a meal, insulin drives hepatic glycogen synthesis to help regulate systemic glucose homeostasis. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a well-established insulin target and contributes to the postprandial control of liver lipid metabolism, autophagy, and protein synthesis. However, its role in hepatic glucose metabolism is less understood. Here, we used metabolomics, isotope tracing, and mouse genetics to define a role for liver mTORC1 signaling in the control of postprandial glycolytic intermediates and glycogen deposition. We show that mTORC1 is required for glycogen synthase activity and glycogenesis. Mechanistically, hepatic mTORC1 activity promotes the feeding-dependent induction of Ppp1r3b, a gene encoding a phosphatase important for glycogen synthase activity whose polymorphisms are linked to human diabetes. Reexpression of Ppp1r3b in livers lacking mTORC1 signaling enhances glycogen synthase activity and restores postprandial glycogen content. mTORC1-dependent transcriptional control of Ppp1r3b is facilitated by FOXO1, a well characterized transcriptional regulator involved in the hepatic response to nutrient intake. Collectively, we identify a role for mTORC1 signaling in the transcriptional regulation of Ppp1r3b and the subsequent induction of postprandial hepatic glycogen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahealani Uehara
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, and
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Won Dong Lee
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
- Department of Chemistry, and
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Dipsikha Biswas
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominic Santoleri
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, and
| | | | | | | | - Kate Townsend Creasy
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, and
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, and
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
- Department of Chemistry, and
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Lin H, Wang W, Peng M, Kong Y, Zhang X, Wei X, Shang H. Pharmacological properties of Polygonatum and its active ingredients for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Chin Med 2024; 19:1. [PMID: 38163901 PMCID: PMC10759625 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite continued advances in prevention and treatment strategies, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide, and more effective therapeutic methods are urgently needed. Polygonatum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a variety of pharmacological applications and biological activities, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammation, antibacterial effect, immune-enhancing effect, glucose regulation, lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic effects, treatment of diabetes and anticancer effect. There has also been more and more evidence to support the cardioprotective effect of Polygonatum in recent years. However, up to now, there has been a lack of comprehensive studies on the active ingredients and their pharmacotoxicological effects related to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the main active components of Polygonatum (including Polysaccharides, Flavonoids, Saponins) and their biological activities were firstly reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, we summarized the pharmacological effects of Polygonatum's active components in preventing and treating CVDs, and its relevant toxicological investigations. Finally, we emphasize the potential of Polygonatum in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Lin
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Mengqi Peng
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Yifan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Xiaohong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hongcai Shang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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20
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Martins RX, Carvalho M, Maia ME, Flor B, Souza T, Rocha TL, Félix LM, Farias D. 2,4-D Herbicide-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Unveiling Disrupted Liver Functions and Associated Biomarkers. TOXICS 2024; 12:35. [PMID: 38250991 PMCID: PMC10818579 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a widely used herbicide worldwide and is frequently found in water samples. This knowledge has prompted studies on its effects on non-target organisms, revealing significant alterations to liver structure and function. In this review, we evaluated the literature on the hepatotoxicity of 2,4-D, focusing on morphological damages, toxicity biomarkers and affected liver functions. Searches were conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus and 83 articles were selected after curation. Among these studies, 72% used in vivo models and 30% used in vitro models. Additionally, 48% used the active ingredient, and 35% used commercial formulations in exposure experiments. The most affected biomarkers were related to a decrease in antioxidant capacity through alterations in the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and the levels of malondialdehyde. Changes in energy metabolism, lipids, liver function, and xenobiotic metabolism were also identified. Furthermore, studies about the effects of 2,4-D in mixtures with other pesticides were found, as well as hepatoprotection trials. The reviewed data indicate the essential role of reduction in antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in 2,4-D-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanism of action of the herbicide is still not fully understood and further research in this area is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Xavier Martins
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Building 907, Campus Pici, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-970, Brazil; (R.X.M.); (M.E.M.)
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Matheus Carvalho
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Maria Eduarda Maia
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Building 907, Campus Pici, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-970, Brazil; (R.X.M.); (M.E.M.)
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Bruno Flor
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Terezinha Souza
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74055-110, Brazil;
| | - Luís M. Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Davi Farias
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Building 907, Campus Pici, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-970, Brazil; (R.X.M.); (M.E.M.)
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
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21
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Zhang C, Xu Q, Xu C, Yang K, Xia T, Hasi W, Hao M, Kuang H. Sex Differences in the Association Between AST/ALT and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Endocr Res 2024; 49:1-11. [PMID: 37752709 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2023.2262034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/INTRODUCTION The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between Aspartate Transaminase (AST)/Alanine transaminase(ALT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and to determine whether there were sex differences. METHODS In the retrospective study, we collected data on NAFLD patients (1, 896 men and 465 women) at Murakami Memorial Hospital from 2004 to 2015. Data were stratified by sex to investigate the association between AST/ALT and T2DM incidence by sex. Multiple regression analysis, smooth curve fitting model and subgroup analysis were used to determine the correlation, non-linear relationship and threshold effect between AST/ALT and T2DM. RESULTS In our study, 157 men and 40 women developed T2DM at follow-up. After adjusting for risk factors, AST/ALT was significantly associated with T2DM in men with NAFLD but not in women with NAFLD. The risk of T2DM increased as the AST/ALT ratio decreased. Besides, in male NAFLD patients, AST/ALT showed a non-linear relationship with T2DM, with an inflection point value of 0.964. When the AST to ALT ratio was below the threshold (AST/ALT <0.964), AST/ALT was significantly negatively associated with T2DM (HR = 0.177, 95% CI 0.055-0.568; P = 0.0036). In contrast, when AST/ALT >0.964, no significant association was found (HR = 3.174, 95% CI 0.345-29.167; P = 0.3074). Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that GGT could alter the relationship between AST/ALT and T2DM. In the group with GGT ≤ 40, AST/ALT was strongly associated with T2DM (HR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.09-0.66; P = 0.0059). CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that there were sex differences in the association between AST/ALT and T2DM in NAFLD participants. A non-linear association between AST/ALT and T2DM was observed in males. AST/ALT in the normal GGT group (GGT ≤40) might better facilitate the early screening of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chengye Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wuying Hasi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongyu Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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22
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Arvanitakis K, Koufakis T, Kalopitas G, Papadakos SP, Kotsa K, Germanidis G. Management of type 2 diabetes in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis: Short of evidence, plenty of potential. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102935. [PMID: 38163417 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in patients with compensated cirrhosis is challenging due to hypoglycemic risk, altered pharmacokinetics, and the lack of robust evidence on the risk/benefit ratio of various drugs. Suboptimal glycemic control accelerates the progression of cirrhosis, while the frequent coexistence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with T2D highlights the need for a multifactorial therapeutic approach. METHODS A literature search was performed in Medline, Google Scholar and Scopus databases till July 2023, using relevant keywords to extract studies regarding the management of T2D in patients with compensated cirrhosis. RESULTS Metformin, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) are promising treatment options for patients with T2D and compensated liver cirrhosis, offering good glycemic control with minimal risk of hypoglycemia, while their pleiotropic actions confer benefits on NAFLD and body weight, and decrease cardiorenal risk. Sulfonylureas cause hypoglycemia, thus should be avoided, while in specific studies, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have been correlated with increased risk of decompensation and variceal bleeding. Despite the benefits of thiazolidinediones in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, concerns about edema and weight gain limit their use in compensated cirrhosis. Insulin does not exert hepatotoxic effects and can be administered safely in combination with other drugs; however, the risk of hypoglycemia should be considered. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of new hepatoprotective diabetes drugs into clinical practice, including tirzepatide, SGLT2i, and GLP-1 RA, sets the stage for future trials to investigate the ideal therapeutic regimen for people with T2D and compensated cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece; Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Kalopitas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece; Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros P Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece; Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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23
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Peng YF. Pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic management (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2024; 4:4. [PMID: 38204892 PMCID: PMC10777470 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2023.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The dual burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health concern. There is increasing evidence to indicate an association between PTB and DM. DM is associated with immune dysfunction and altered immune components. Hyperglycemia weakens the innate immune response by affecting the function of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, and also disrupts the adaptive immune response, thus promoting the susceptibility of PTB in patients with DM. Antituberculosis drugs often cause the impairment of liver and kidney function in patients with PTB, and the infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis weaken pancreatic endocrine function by causing islet cell amyloidosis, which disrupts glucose metabolism and thus increases the risk of developing DM in patients with PTB. The present review discusses the association between PTB and DM from the perspective of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment management. The present review aims to provide information for the rational formulation of treatment strategies for patients with PTB-DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Fan Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
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24
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Sharma SK, Mohanty BP, Singh V, Bansal MP, Singhal NK, Sharma SK, Sandhir R. Trace elements dyshomeostasis in liver and brain of weanling mice under altered dietary selenium conditions. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127305. [PMID: 37778095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A balanced diet containing selenium (Se) and other trace elements is essential for normal development and growth. Se has been recognized as an essential trace element; however, its interaction with other elements has not been fully investigated. In the present study, sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), Se and rubidium (Rb), were analysed in liver and brain regions under altered dietary Se intake in weanling mice to identify major discriminatory elements. METHODS The study investigated the effects of different levels of Se intake on the elemental composition in liver and brain tissues of weaned mice. After 24 weeks of feeding with Se adequate, deficient, and excess diets, elemental analysis was performed on the harvested tissues using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical analysis that included analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), correlation coefficient analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed. RESULTS The ANCOVA showed statistically significant changes and correlations among the analysed elements under altered dietary Se status. The multivariate analysis showed differential changes in elements in liver and brain regions. The results suggest that long-term dietary Se alternations lead to dyshomeostasis in trace elements that are required in higher concentrations compared to Se. It was observed that changes in the Fe, Co, and Rb levels were similar in all the tissues studied, whereas the changes in Mg, Cr, and Mn levels were different among the tissues under altered dietary Se status. Additionally, the changes in Rb levels correlated with the dietary Se intake but had no relation with the tissue Se levels. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest interactions between Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Se under altered Se status may impact cellular functions during postnatal development. However, the possible biological significance of alterations in Rb levels under different dietary Se paradigms needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vishal Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar 140306, India
| | | | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar 140306, India
| | | | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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25
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Lee JE, Jung H, Byun SH, Park JM, Yeo J, Jeon Y, Lee SW, Park SS, Lim DG, Kim SO, Kwak KH. Effect of Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Acute Hyperglycemic Rats. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:2478-2486. [PMID: 37867004 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia frequently occurs in stressful situations, including liver transplantation or hepatic surgery, which may affect the protective effects of dexmedetomidine preconditioning and increase postoperative mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in acute hyperglycemia. METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups, including a combination between 2 glycemic (normo- and hyperglycemia) and 3 ischemia-reperfusion conditions (sham, ischemia-reperfusion only, and dexmedetomidine plus ischemia-reperfusion). Dexmedetomidine 70 μg/kg was preconditioned 30 minutes before ischemic injury. After 6 hours of reperfusion, serum aminotransferase levels were measured to confirm the hepatic tissue injury. Furthermore, inflammatory (nuclear factor-κb, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6) and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase) were detected. RESULTS Ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly increased the serum levels of aminotransferase and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. These ischemia-reperfusion-induced changes were further exacerbated in hyperglycemia and were significantly attenuated by dexmedetomidine preconditioning. However, the effects of dexmedetomidine in hyperglycemia were lesser than those in normoglycemia (P < .05 for aminotransferases, inflammatory markers, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the protective effects of dexmedetomidine preconditioning may be intact against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in acute hyperglycemia. Although its effects appeared to be relatively reduced, this may be because of the increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by acute hyperglycemia. To determine whether the effects of dexmedetomidine itself would be impaired in hyperglycemia, further study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hoon Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Byun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jinseok Yeo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - See Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Si-Oh Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Mikata T, Tanno H, Shigeta M. Lactate promotes survival and hepatocyte differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells in a medium without glucose and supplemented with galactose. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:90. [PMID: 37901872 PMCID: PMC10603376 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells initiate hepatocyte differentiation in a medium without glucose and supplemented with galactose, oncostatin M and small molecules [hepatocyte differentiation inducer (HDI)]. To clarify the metabolic differences between iPS cells in HDI and ReproFF (undifferentiated state), a metabolome analysis was performed. iPS cells were cultured in a medium without glucose and supplemented with galactose, as well as 1 mM of calcium lactate, sodium lactate or lactic acid. After 7 days of culture, the cells were subjected to reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. The galactose-1-phosphate concentration was significantly higher in cells cultured in HDI than in those cultured with ReproFF. The lactate concentration in the HDI group was significantly lower than that in the ReproFF group. The expression levels of α-feto protein and albumin were significantly higher in the groups cultured with calcium lactate, sodium lactate and lactic acid as compared with ReproFF. It was suggested that lactate promoted the survival of iPS cells cultured in a medium without glucose and supplemented with galactose. Under these conditions, iPS cells begin to differentiate into a hepatocyte lineage. Lactate may be applied to produce hepatocytes from iPS cells more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Shinozaki
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Takashi Mikata
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanno
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Midori Shigeta
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
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27
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Gong Y, Lu Q, Xi L, Liu Y, Yang B, Su J, Liu H, Jin J, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhu X, Xie S, Han D. F6P/G6P-mediated ChREBP activation promotes the insulin resistance-driven hepatic lipid deposition in zebrafish. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 122:109452. [PMID: 37748621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-sensitive lipogenesis dominates the body lipid deposition; however, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develops in the insulin-resistant state. The regulation mechanism of insulin resistance-driven NAFLD remains elusive. Using zebrafish model of insulin resistance (ZIR, insrb-/-) and mouse hepatocytes (NCTC 1469), we explored the regulation mechanism of insulin resistance-driven hepatic lipid deposition under the stimulation of carbohydrate diet (CHD). In ZIR model, insulin resistance induced hyperlipidemia and elevated hepatic lipid deposition via elevating the gene/protein expressions of lipogenic enzymes, that was activated by carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), rather than sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1c (SREBP-1c). The metabolomic analysis in zebrafish and silencing of chrebp in mouse hepatocytes revealed that the increased hepatic frucotose-6-phosphate (F6P) and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) promoted the ChREBP-mediated lipid deposition. We further identified that F6P alone was sufficient to activate ChREBP-mediated lipid deposition by a SREBP-1c-independent manner. Moreover, we clarified the suppressed hepatic phosphofructokinase/glucose-6-phosphatase functions and the normal glucokinase function preserved by glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) manipulated the increased F6P/G6P content in ZIR. In conclusion, the present study revealed that insulin resistance promoted hepatic lipid deposition via the F6P/G6P-mediated ChREBP activation. Our findings deciphered the main regulation pathway for the liver lipid deposition in the insulin-resistant state and identified F6P as a new potential regulator for ChREBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longwei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jingzhi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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Deng Y, Li K, Li A, Hu W, Hu W. Advances in the treatment of hepatogenous diabetes: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36068. [PMID: 37986334 PMCID: PMC10659649 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatogenous diabetes (HD) is a glycogen metabolism disorder that arises as a consequence of chronic liver disease. The condition is frequently detected in patients diagnosed with cirrhosis, which is a result of advanced liver disease. The prognosis for patients with HD is generally poor, and they are at a heightened risk for serious complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, primary peritonitis, and hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatogenous diabetes progression is often associated with cirrhosis progression, which leads to the development of liver cancer and increased patient mortality. Despite the prevalence and severity of HD, no systematic treatment strategy for clinical management of the condition has been proposed by any research or institutions to date. This paper conducts an extensive review of recent advancements in HD treatment in the quest for an effective treatment approach that may improve the overall prognosis of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Deng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Keyu Li
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ang Li
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - WeiMing Hu
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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29
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Meihua S, Jiahui J, Yujia L, Shuang Z, Jingjing Z. Research on sweat metabolomics of athlete's fatigue induced by high intensity interval training. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1269885. [PMID: 38033334 PMCID: PMC10684900 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1269885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Sweat is an important specimen of human metabolism, which can simply and non-invasively monitor the metabolic state of the body, and its metabolites can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, while the changes of sweat metabolites before and after exercise-induced fatigue are still unclear. Methods: In this experiment, high-performance chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to metabolomic 28 sweat samples before and after exercise-induced fatigue of 14 long-distance runners, also IsoMS PRO and SPSS22.0 software were used to analyze the metabolite changes and differential metabolic pathways. Results: A total of 446 metabolites with high confidence were identified, and the sweat metabolome group before and after high-intensity interval exercise-induced fatigue was obvious, among which the upregulated differential metabolites mainly included hypoxanthine, pyruvate, several amino acids, etc., while the downregulated differential metabolites mainly included amino acid derivatives, vitamin B6, theophylline, etc. Conclusion: The change of hypoxanthine concentration in sweat can be used as a good biomarker for the diagnosis of exercise-induced fatigue, while the change of pyruvate content in sweat can be used as a discriminant index for the energy metabolism mode of the body before and after exercise. The main metabolic pathways involved in differential metabolites produced before and after HIIT exercise-induced fatigue are purine metabolism and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Meihua
- School of Physical Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Jiahui
- School of Physical Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Li Yujia
- School of Physical Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhao Shuang
- Xiamen Meliomics Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhan Jingjing
- Xiamen Meliomics Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, Fujian, China
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30
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He X, Gao X, Xie W. Research Progress in Skin Aging, Metabolism, and Related Products. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15930. [PMID: 37958920 PMCID: PMC10647560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, skin aging has received increasing attention. Many factors affect skin aging, and research has shown that metabolism plays a vital role in skin aging, but there needs to be a more systematic review. This article reviews the interaction between skin metabolism and aging from the perspectives of glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism and explores relevant strategies for skin metabolism regulation. We found that skin aging affects the metabolism of three major substances, which are glucose, protein, and lipids, and the metabolism of the three major substances in the skin also affects the process of skin aging. Some drugs or compounds can regulate the metabolic disorders mentioned above to exert anti-aging effects. Currently, there are a variety of products, but most of them focus on improving skin collagen levels. Skin aging is closely related to metabolism, and they interact with each other. Regulating specific metabolic disorders in the skin is an important anti-aging strategy. Research and development have focused on improving collagen levels, while the regulation of other skin glycosylation and lipid disorders including key membrane or cytoskeleton proteins is relatively rare. Further research and development are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Huang W, Xie C, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Sang M, Sun Z, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Rayner CK, Wu T. Serum alanine transaminase is predictive of fasting and postprandial insulin and glucagon concentrations in type 2 diabetes. Peptides 2023; 169:171092. [PMID: 37673303 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a key role in glucose homeostasis. Serum liver enzyme levels, including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), are reportedly predictive of the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the link between the liver enzyme profile and metabolic derangements in T2D, particularly the secretion of both insulin and glucagon, is not clear. This study evaluated its relationships with glycemia, insulin and glucagon both during fasting and after an oral glucose load or a mixed meal in T2D. 15 healthy and 43 T2D subjects ingested a 75 g glucose drink. 86 T2D subjects consumed a mixed meal. Venous blood was sampled for measurements of blood glucose and plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon concentrations, both fasting and after oral glucose, correlated directly with ALT, while fewer and weaker correlations were observed with GGT or AST. Subgroup analysis in T2D subjects ascertained that plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon concentrations after oral glucose were higher with increasing ALT. Similar findings were observed in the T2D subjects who received a mixed meal. In conclusion, serum liver enzyme profile, particularly ALT, reflects dysregulated fasting and nutrient-stimulated plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Huang
- Centre for Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Sciences to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Cong Xie
- Centre for Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Sciences to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | | | - Miaomiao Sang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Karen L Jones
- Centre for Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Sciences to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Centre for Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Sciences to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Christopher K Rayner
- Centre for Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Sciences to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- Centre for Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Sciences to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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32
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Mobasheri L, Ahadi M, Beheshti Namdar A, Alavi MS, Bemidinezhad A, Moshirian Farahi SM, Esmaeilizadeh M, Nikpasand N, Einafshar E, Ghorbani A. Pathophysiology of diabetic hepatopathy and molecular mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115502. [PMID: 37734266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are at risk for liver disorders including glycogen hepatopathy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatic fibrosis. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind diabetic hepatopathy are complex, some of them include fatty acid accumulation, increased reactive oxygen species, increased advanced glycation end-products, hyperactivity of polyol pathways, increased apoptosis and necrosis, and promotion of fibrosis. A growing number of studies have shown that herbal extracts and their active phytochemicals have antihyperglycemic properties and beneficial effects on diabetic complications. The current review, for the first time, focused on herbal agents that showed beneficial effects on diabetic hepatopathy. For example, animal studies have shown that Moringa oleifera and Morus alba improve liver function in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Also, evidence from clinical trials suggests that Boswellia serrata, Juglans regia, Melissa officinalis, Portulaca oleracea, Silybum marianum, Talapotaka Churna, and Urtica dioica reduce serum liver enzymes in diabetic patients. The main active ingredient of these plants to protect the liver seems to be phenolic compounds such as niazirin, chlorogenic acid, resveratrol, etc. Mechanisms responsible for the hepatoprotective activity of herbal agents include improving glucose metabolism, restoring adipokines levels, antioxidant defense, and anti-inflammatory activity. Several signaling pathways are involved in hepatoprotective effects of herbal agents in diabetes, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mobasheri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Ahadi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Beheshti Namdar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bemidinezhad
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Esmaeilizadeh
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloofar Nikpasand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Einafshar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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da Silva Nunes Barreto R, da Silva Júnior LN, Henrique Doná Rodrigues Almeida G, de Oliveira Horvath-Pereira B, da Silva TS, Garcia JM, Smith LC, Carreira ACO, Miglino MA. Placental scaffolds as a potential biological platform for embryonic stem cells differentiation into hepatic-like cells lineage: A pilot study. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102181. [PMID: 37515966 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic microenvironment plays an essential role in liver regeneration, providing the necessary conditions for cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue rearrangement. One of the key factors for hepatic tissue reconstruction is the extracellular matrix (ECM), which through collagenous and non-collagenous proteins provide a three-dimensional structure that confers support for cell adhesion and assists on their survival and maintenance. In this scenario, placental ECM may be eligible for hepatic tissue reconstruction, once these scaffolds hold the major components required for cell support. Therefore, this preliminary study aimed to access the possibility of mouse embryonic stem cells differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells on placental scaffolds in a three-dimensional dynamic system using a Rotary Cell Culture System. Following a four-phase differentiation protocol that simulates liver embryonic development events, the preliminary results showed that a significant quantity of cells adhered and interacted with the scaffold through outer and inner surfaces. Positive immunolabelling for alpha fetus protein and CK7 suggest presence of hepatoblast phenotype cells, and CK18 and Albumin positive immunolabelling suggest the presence of hepatocyte-like phenotype cells, demonstrating the presence of a heterogeneous population into the recellularized scaffolds. Periodic Acid Schiff-Diastase staining confirmed the presence of glycogen storage, indicating that differentiate cells acquired a hepatic-like phenotype. In conclusion, these preliminary results suggested that mouse placental scaffolds might be used as a biological platform for stem cells differentiation into hepatic-like cells and their establishment, which may be a promissing biomaterial for hepatic tissue reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thamires Santos da Silva
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Mansano Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, State University of São Paulo, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centre of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Parrott D, Suh EH, Khalighinejad P, Jordan VC, Arreola I, Lo ST, Sherry AD. Investigations into the Signaling Pathways Involving Glucose-Stimulated Zinc Secretion (GSZS) from Prostate Epithelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:935-943. [PMID: 37097498 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, we reported that exposure of prostate cells in vitro or the in vivo prostate to high glucose results in release of Zn2+ ions, a process now referred to as glucose-stimulated zinc secretion (GSZS). To our knowledge, the metabolic event(s) that trigger GSZS remain largely unknown. Here, we explore several signaling pathways both in vitro using a prostate epithelial cell line and in vivo from the rat prostate. METHODS PNT1A cells grown to confluence were washed and tagged with ZIMIR to monitor zinc secretion by optical methods. The expression levels of GLUT1, GLUT4, and Akt in cells cultured in either zinc-rich or zinc-poor media and after exposure to high versus low glucose were determined. Zinc secretion from the rat prostate in vivo as detected by MRI was compared in control animals after injection of glucose, deoxyglucose, or pyruvate to initiate zinc secretion and in animals pre-treated with WZB-117 (a GLUT1 inhibitor) or S961 (a peripheral insulin receptor inhibitor). RESULTS PNT1A cells exposed to high levels of glucose secrete zinc whereas cells exposed to an equivalent amount of deoxyglucose or pyruvate do not. Expression of Akt was dramatically altered by zinc supplementation of the culture media but not after exposure to glucose while GLUT1 and GLUT4 levels were less affected. Rats pre-treated with WZB-117 prior to imaging showed a reduction in GSZS from the prostate compared to controls whereas rats pre-treated with S961 showed no difference. Interestingly, in comparison to PNT1A cells, pyruvate and deoxyglucose also stimulate zinc secretion in vivo likely through indirect mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS GSZS requires metabolism of glucose both in vitro (PNT1A cells) and in vivo (rat prostate). Pyruvate also stimulates zinc secretion in vivo but likely via an indirect pathway involving rapid production of glucose via gluconeogenesis. These combined results support the conclusion that glycolytic flux is required to trigger GSZS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Parrott
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 7575390-8896, USA
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA
| | - Pooyan Khalighinejad
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 7575390-8896, USA
| | - Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 7575390-8896, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Arreola
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9039, USA
| | - Su-Tang Lo
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 7575390-8896, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA.
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 7575390-8896, USA.
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 7575083-3021, USA.
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35
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Moon DO. A comprehensive review of the effects of resveratrol on glucose metabolism: unveiling the molecular pathways and therapeutic potential in diabetes management. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8743-8755. [PMID: 37642760 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound predominantly found in red wine and grapes, has garnered attention for its potential role in regulating carbohydrate digestion, glucose absorption, and metabolism. This review aims to deliver a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of resveratrol in influencing vital processes in glucose homeostasis. These processes include carbohydrate digestion, glucose absorption, glycogen storage, insulin secretion, glucose metabolism in muscle cells, and triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes.The goal of this review is to offer an in-depth understanding of the multifaceted effects of resveratrol on glucose metabolism. By doing so, it presents valuable insights into its potential applications for preventing and treating metabolic disorders. This comprehensive examination of resveratrol's impact on glucose management will contribute to the growing body of knowledge on this promising natural compound, which may benefit researchers, healthcare professionals, and individuals interested in metabolic disorder prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Su D, Zhou T, Wang Y, Wang L. Cold Exposure Regulates Hepatic Glycogen and Lipid Metabolism in Newborn Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14330. [PMID: 37762634 PMCID: PMC10531685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure influences liver metabolism, thereby affecting energy homeostasis. However, the gene regulatory network of the liver after cold exposure remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that 24 h cold exposure (COLD, 6 °C) increased plasma glucose (GLU) levels, while reducing plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the room temperature (RT, 25 °C) group. Cold exposure increased hepatic glycogen content and decreased hepatic lipid content in the livers of newborn goats. We conducted RNA-seq analysis on the livers of newborn goats in both the RT and cold exposure groups. A total of 1600 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 555 genes were up-regulated and 1045 genes were down-regulated in the cold exposure group compared with the RT group. Cold exposure increased the expression of genes involved in glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, and fatty acid degradation pathways. These results can provide a reference for hepatic lipid and glycogen metabolism in newborn goats after cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Su
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.S.); (T.Z.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Tianhui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.S.); (T.Z.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.S.); (T.Z.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
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Ito J, Lemus H, Wu T. Serum Phosphorus, Serum Bicarbonate, and Renal Function in Relation to Liver CYP1A2 Activity. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2996. [PMID: 37761363 PMCID: PMC10529210 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays an important role in normal metabolism and physiological functions such as acid-base balance; however, limited epidemiologic studies have investigated how the liver contributes toward acid-base balance using non-invasive biomarkers. We determined associations between serum biomarkers related to acid-base balance and renal function with liver CYP1A2 activity. We used data from 1381 participants of the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with measurements of serum phosphorus, serum bicarbonate, caffeine intake, caffeine metabolites, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Liver CYP1A2 activity was estimated using urine caffeine metabolite indices, which were calculated as the ratio of one of the urine caffeine metabolites (i.e., paraxanthine and 1-methyluric acid) to caffeine intake. We analyzed associations in the whole data set and in different strata of hepatic steatosis index (HSI) based on different cut-points. We found that serum bicarbonate was positively associated with CYP1A2 activity in the whole data set when comparing persons with bicarbonate at Q4 to Q1 (β = 0.18, p = 0.10 for paraxanthine; β = 0.20, p = 0.02 for 1-methyluric acid). Furthermore, serum phosphorus was positively associated with CYP1A2 activity only in the stratum of 30 ≤ HSI < 36. Lastly, low eGFR was significantly associated with lower CYP1A2 activity measured with paraxanthine in the whole dataset and in all the strata with HSI < 42; when comparing eGFR < 60 to eGFR > 90, β estimates ranged from -0.41 to -1.38, p-values ranged from 0.0018 to 0.004. We observed an opposite trend in the highest stratum (HSI ≥ 42). Non-invasive measurements of serum bicarbonate, serum phosphorus, and eGFR have dynamic associations with CYP1A2 activity. These associations depend on the extent of liver damage and the caffeine metabolite used to assess CYP1A2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (J.I.); (H.L.)
| | - Hector Lemus
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (J.I.); (H.L.)
| | - Tianying Wu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (J.I.); (H.L.)
- Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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Botte E, Mancini P, Magliaro C, Ahluwalia A. A sense of proximity: Cell packing modulates oxygen consumption. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036111. [PMID: 37664826 PMCID: PMC10468216 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately modeling oxygen transport and consumption is crucial to predict metabolic dynamics in cell cultures and optimize the design of tissue and organ models. We present a methodology to characterize the Michaelis-Menten oxygen consumption parameters in vitro, integrating novel experimental techniques and computational tools. The parameters were derived for hepatic cell cultures with different dimensionality (i.e., 2D and 3D) and with different surface and volumetric densities. To quantify cell packing regardless of the dimensionality of cultures, we devised an image-based metric, referred to as the proximity index. The Michaelis-Menten parameters were related to the proximity index through an uptake coefficient, analogous to a diffusion constant, enabling the quantitative analysis of oxygen dynamics across dimensions. Our results show that Michaelis-Menten parameters are not constant for a given cell type but change with dimensionality and cell density. The maximum consumption rate per cell decreases significantly with cell surface and volumetric density, while the Michaelis-Menten constant tends to increase. In addition, the dependency of the uptake coefficient on the proximity index suggests that the oxygen consumption rate of hepatic cells is superadaptive, as they modulate their oxygen utilization according to its local availability and to the proximity of other cells. We describe, for the first time, how cells consume oxygen as a function of cell proximity, through a quantitative index, which combines cell density and dimensionality. This study enhances our understanding of how cell-cell interaction affects oxygen dynamics and enables better prediction of aerobic metabolism in tissue models, improving their translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +39 0502217062
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Marino L, Kim A, Ni B, Celi FS. Thyroid hormone action and liver disease, a complex interplay. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00521. [PMID: 37535802 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone action is involved in virtually all physiological processes. It is well known that the liver and thyroid are intimately linked, with thyroid hormone playing important roles in de novo lipogenesis, beta-oxidation (fatty acid oxidation), cholesterol metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Clinical and mechanistic research studies have shown that thyroid hormone can be involved in chronic liver diseases, including alcohol-associated or NAFLD and HCC. Thyroid hormone action and synthetic thyroid hormone analogs can exert beneficial actions in terms of lowering lipids, preventing chronic liver disease and as liver anticancer agents. More recently, preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that some analogs of thyroid hormone could also play a role in the treatment of liver disease. These synthetic molecules, thyromimetics, can modulate lipid metabolism, particularly in NAFLD/NASH. In this review, we first summarize the thyroid hormone signaling axis in the context of liver biology, then we describe the changes in thyroid hormone signaling in liver disease and how liver diseases affect the thyroid hormone homeostasis, and finally we discuss the use of thyroid hormone-analog for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marino
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adam Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bin Ni
- Alliance Pharma, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesco S Celi
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Gong Y, Xi L, Liu Y, Lu Q, Zhang Z, Liu H, Jin J, Yang Y, Zhu X, Xie S, Han D. Sequential Activations of ChREBP and SREBP1 Signals Regulate the High-Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Hepatic Lipid Deposition in Gibel Carp ( Carassius gibelio). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:6672985. [PMID: 37520290 PMCID: PMC10374375 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6672985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the sequential regulation signals of high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced hepatic lipid deposition in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, containing 25% (normal carbohydrate diet, NCD) and 45% (HCD) corn starch, were formulated to feed gibel carp (14.82 ± 0.04 g) for 8 weeks. The experimental fish were sampled at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week. In HCD group, the hyperlipidemia and significant hepatic lipid deposition (oil red O area and triglyceride content) was found at 4th, 6th, and 8th week, while the significant hyperglycemia was found at 2nd, 4th, and 8th week, compared to NCD group (P < 0.05). HCD induced hepatic lipid deposition via increased hepatic lipogenesis (acc, fasn, and acly) but not decreased hepatic lipolysis (hsl and cpt1a). When compared with NCD group, HCD significantly elevated the hepatic sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1 (SREBP1) signals (positive hepatocytes and fluorescence intensity) at 4th, 6th, and 8th week (P < 0.05). The hepatic SREBP1 signals increased from 2nd to 6th week, but decreased at 8th week due to substantiated insulin resistance (plasma insulin levels, plasma glucose levels, and P-AKTSer473 levels) in HCD group. Importantly, the hepatic carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) signals (positive hepatocytes, fluorescence intensity, and expression levels) were all significantly elevated by HCD-induced glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) accumulation at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week (P < 0.05). Compared to 2nd and 4th week, the hepatic ChREBP signals and G6P contents was significantly increased by HCD at 6th and 8th week (P < 0.05). The HCD-induced G6P accumulation was caused by the significantly increased expression of hepatic gck, pklr, and glut2 (P < 0.05) but not 6pfk at 4th, 6th, and 8th week, compared to NCD group. These results suggested that the HCD-induced hepatic lipid deposition was mainly promoted by SREBP1 in earlier stage and by ChREBP in later stage for gibel carp. This study revealed the sequential regulation pathways of the conversion from feed carbohydrate to body lipid in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Longwei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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41
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Hilton C, Sabaratnam R, Drakesmith H, Karpe F. Iron, glucose and fat metabolism and obesity: an intertwined relationship. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:554-563. [PMID: 37029208 PMCID: PMC10299911 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional relationship exists between adipose tissue metabolism and iron regulation. Total body fat, fat distribution and exercise influence iron status and components of the iron-regulatory pathway, including hepcidin and erythroferrone. Conversely, whole body and tissue iron stores associate with fat mass and distribution and glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. Manipulation of the iron-regulatory proteins erythroferrone and erythropoietin affects glucose and lipid metabolism. Several lines of evidence suggest that iron accumulation and metabolism may play a role in the development of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the relationship between iron homoeostasis and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Hilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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42
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Yan C, Ma H, Yang Y, Mi Z. Metabolic Adaption of Flexor Carpi Radialis to Amplexus Behavior in Asiatic Toads ( Bufo gargarizans). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10174. [PMID: 37373324 PMCID: PMC10299559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplexus is a type of mating behavior among toads that is essential for successful external fertilization. Most studies have primarily focused on the behavioral diversity of amplexus, and less is known regarding the metabolic changes occurring in amplectant males. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic profiles of amplectant Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) males in the breeding period (BP group) and the resting males in the non-breeding period (NP group). A metabolomic analysis was conducted on the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), an essential forelimb muscle responsible for clasping during courtship. A total of 66 differential metabolites were identified between the BP and NP groups, including 18 amino acids, 12 carbohydrates, and 8 lipids, and they were classified into 9 categories. Among these differential metabolites, 13 amino acids, 11 carbohydrates, and 7 lipids were significantly upregulated in the BP group compared to the NP group. In addition, a KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis identified 17 significant metabolic pathways, including ABC transporters, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and fructose and mannose metabolism. These results suggest that amplectant male toads are metabolically more active than those during the non-breeding period, and this metabolic adaptation increases the likelihood of reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiping Mi
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China; (C.Y.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
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43
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Zhu H, Wang X, Lu S, Ou K. Metabolic reprogramming of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1195500. [PMID: 37347113 PMCID: PMC10280292 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1195500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignancy that exhibits metabolic reprogramming as a result of genetic mutations. This reprogramming accommodates the energy and anabolic needs of the cancer cells, leading to changes in glucose, lipid, and bio-oxidative metabolism, and in some cases, the amino acid metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that ccRCC may be classified as a metabolic disease. The metabolic alterations provide potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions or biomarkers for monitoring tumor growth and prognosis. This literature review summarized recent discoveries of metabolic alterations in ccRCC, including changes in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. The development of metabolic drugs targeting these metabolic pathways was also discussed, such as HIF-2α inhibitors, fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitors, glutaminase (GLS) inhibitors, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors, and arginine depletion. Future trends in drug development are proposed, including the use of combination therapies and personalized medicine approaches. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the metabolic alterations in ccRCC and highlights the potential for developing new treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shihao Lu
- Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kongbo Ou
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Bruno L, Evariste L, Houdeau E. Dysregulation along the gut microbiota-immune system axis after oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A possible environmental factor promoting obesity-related metabolic disorders. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121795. [PMID: 37187281 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Food additives are one major hallmark of ultra-processed food in the Western-diet, a food habit often associated with metabolic disorders. Among these additives, the whitener and opacifying agent titanium dioxide (TiO2) raises public health issues due to the ability of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to cross biological barriers and accumulate in different systemic organs like spleen, liver and pancreas. However before their systemic passage, the biocidal properties of TiO2 NPs may alter the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, which play a crucial role for the development and maintenance of immune functions. Once absorbed, TiO2 NPs may further interact with immune intestinal cells involved in gut microbiota regulation. Since obesity-related metabolic diseases such as diabetes are associated with alterations in the microbiota-immune system axis, this raises questions about the possible involvement of long-term exposure to food-grade TiO2 in the development or worsening of these diseases. The current purpose is to review the dysregulations along the gut microbiota-immune system axis after oral TiO2 exposure compared to those reported in obese or diabetic patients, and to highlight potential mechanisms by which foodborne TiO2 NPs may increase the susceptibility to develop obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamas Bruno
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of Intestinal Barrier, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Lauris Evariste
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of Intestinal Barrier, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of Intestinal Barrier, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Zhang J, Xing Y, Li F, Mu J, Liu T, Ge J, Zhao M, Liu L, Gong D, Geng T. Study on the Mechanism of MC5R Participating in Energy Metabolism of Goose Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108648. [PMID: 37239994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and energy levels have an important impact on animal growth, production performance, disease occurrence and health recovery. Previous studies indicate that melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) is mainly involved in the regulations of exocrine gland function, lipid metabolism and immune response in animals. However, it is not clear how MC5R participates in the nutrition and energy metabolism of animals. To address this, the widely used animal models, including the overfeeding model and the fasting/refeeding model, could provide an effective tool. In this study, the expression of MC5R in goose liver was first determined in these models. Goose primary hepatocytes were then treated with nutrition/energy metabolism-related factors (glucose, oleic acid and thyroxine), which is followed by determination of MC5R gene expression. Moreover, MC5R was overexpressed in goose primary hepatocytes, followed by identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways subjected to MC5R regulation by transcriptome analysis. At last, some of the genes potentially regulated by MC5R were also identified in the in vivo and in vitro models, and were used to predict possible regulatory networks with PPI (protein-protein interaction networks) program. The data showed that both overfeeding and refeeding inhibited the expression of MC5R in goose liver, while fasting induced the expression of MC5R. Glucose and oleic acid could induce the expression of MC5R in goose primary hepatocytes, whereas thyroxine could inhibit it. The overexpression of MC5R significantly affected the expression of 1381 genes, and the pathways enriched with the DEGs mainly include oxidative phosphorylation, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, glutathione metabolism and MAPK signaling pathway. Interestingly, some pathways are related to glycolipid metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, citrate cycle, etc. Using the in vivo and in vitro models, it was demonstrated that the expression of some DEGs, including ACSL1, PSPH, HMGCS1, CPT1A, PACSIN2, IGFBP3, NMRK1, GYS2, ECI2, NDRG1, CDK9, FBXO25, SLC25A25, USP25 and AHCY, was associated with the expression of MC5R, suggesting these genes may mediate the biological role of MC5R in these models. In addition, PPI analysis suggests that the selected downstream genes, including GYS2, ECI2, PSPH, CPT1A, ACSL1, HMGCS1, USP25 and NDRG1, participate in the protein-protein interaction network regulated by MC5R. In conclusion, MC5R may mediate the biological effects caused by changes in nutrition and energy levels in goose hepatocytes through multiple pathways, including glycolipid-metabolism-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ya Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fangbo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ji'an Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jing Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minmeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Long Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daoqing Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tuoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Mohan S, Nair A, Poornima MS, Raghu KG. Vanillic acid mitigates hyperinsulinemia induced ER stress mediated altered calcium homeostasis, MAMs distortion and surplus lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 375:110365. [PMID: 36764371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia (HI) induced insulin resistance (IR) and associated pathologies are the burning and unsolvable issues in diabetes treatment. The cellular, molecular and biochemical events associated with HI are not yet elucidated. Similarly, no focused research on designing therapeutic strategies with natural products for attenuation of HI are seen in literature. Keeping this in mind we planned the present study to evaluate the alterations occurring at ER/Ca2+ homeostasis/mitochondria associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) in HepG2 cells during HI and to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of vanillic acid (VA) to mitigate the complications. An in vitro model of HI was established by treating HepG2 cells with human insulin (1 μM) for 24 h. Then, ER stress, Ca2+ homeostasis, MAMs, IR and hepatic lipogenesis were studied at protein level. Various proteins critical to ER, Ca2+ homeostasis and MAMs such as p-IRE-1α, ATF6, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, XBP1, p-CAMKII, InsP3R, SERCA, JNK, GRP78, VDAC, Cyp D, GRP75, MFN2, PTEN and mTORC were studied and found altered significantly causing ER stress, defect in Ca2+ movements and distortion of MAMs. The decreased expression of IRS2 and an unaltered expression of IRS1 confirmed the development of selective insulin resistance in hepatocytes during HI and this was the crucial factor for the progression of the hepatic lipid accumulation. We found simultaneous treatment of VA is beneficial up to a certain extent to protect HepG2 cells from the adverse effect of HI via its antioxidant, antilipogenic, mitochondrial and ER protection properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelekshmi Mohan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anupama Nair
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - M S Poornima
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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47
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Guo H, Wu H, Li Z. The Pathogenesis of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086978. [PMID: 37108143 PMCID: PMC10139109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder, with an extremely serious effect on health systems worldwide. It has become a severe, chronic, non-communicable disease after cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Currently, 90% of diabetic patients suffer from type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia is the main hallmark of diabetes. The function of pancreatic cells gradually declines before the onset of clinical hyperglycemia. Understanding the molecular processes involved in the development of diabetes can provide clinical care with much-needed updates. This review provides the current global state of diabetes, the mechanisms involved in glucose homeostasis and diabetic insulin resistance, and the long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Guo
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Haili Wu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Chun LW, Ramachandran RK, Othman SFF, Has ATC, George A, Mat NH, Suhaimi FW, Nor Hazalin NAM, Hassan Z. Persicaria minor ameliorates the cognitive function of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats: Metabolomic analysis and potential mechanisms. Behav Brain Res 2023; 447:114423. [PMID: 37030545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Persicaria minor (P. minor) is a herbal plant with many uses in food, perfume, and the medical industry. P. minor extract contains flavonoids with antioxidant and anticholinesterase capacity, which could enhance cognitive functions. P. minor extract has been proven to enhance memory. However, its role in an animal model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), which resembles human vascular dementia, has yet to be explored. Therefore, the present study investigates the effects of chronic (14 days) administration of aqueous P. minor extract on different stages of learning and memory processes and the metabolic pathways involved in the chronic cerebral hypoperfused rats induced by the permanent bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries (PBOCCA) surgery. Chronic treatment of P. minor extract at doses of 200 and 300mg/kg, enhanced recognition memory of the PBOCCA rats. P. minor extract (200mg/kg) was also found to restore the spatial memory impairment induced by CCH. A high dose (300mg/kg) of the P. minor extract significantly increased the expression of both ACh and GABA neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. Further, distinctive metabolite profiles were observed in rats with different treatments. Three major pathways involved in the cognitive enhancement mechanism of P. minor were identified. The present findings demonstrated an improving effect of P. minor extract on memory in the CCH rat model, suggesting that P. minor extract could be a potential treatment for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's patients. P. minor is believed to improve cognitive deficits by regulating pathways involved in retinol, histidine, pentose, glucuronate, and CoA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim Wei Chun
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Siti Fatin Farhanah Othman
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Annie George
- Department of Science and Research, Biotropics Malaysia Berhad, Lot 21, Jalan U1/19, Section U1, Hicom-Glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | - Nurul Aqmar Mohamad Nor Hazalin
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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Gupta HP, Fatima MU, Pandey R, Ravi Ram K. Adult exposure of atrazine alone or in combination with carbohydrate diet hastens the onset/progression of type 2 diabetes in Drosophila. Life Sci 2023; 316:121370. [PMID: 36640902 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM The combined impact of traditional and non-traditional risk factors of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the development and progression of insulin resistance and associated complications is poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed the effect of moderately rich sugar diet coupled with environmental chemical exposure on the development and progression of T2D using Drosophila as a model organism. MAIN METHODS We reared newly eclosed Drosophila males on a diet containing atrazine (20 μg/ml; non-traditional risk factor) and/or moderately high sucrose (0.5 M/1 M; to mimic binge eating, Traditional risk factor) for 20-30 days. Subsequently, we assessed diabetic parameters, oxidative stress parameters and also the abundance of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) along with their receptor (RAGE) in these flies. For diabetic cardiomyopathy, we examined the pericardin (tissue fibrosis marker) level in Drosophila heart. KEY FINDINGS Flies reared on 20 μg/ml atrazine alone showed T2D hallmarks at 30 days. In contrast, flies reared on 0.5 M sucrose+ 20 μg/ml atrazine showed insulin resistance characterized by hyperglycemia and increased Drosophila insulin-like peptides along with reduced insulin signaling at 20 days, similar to those reared on high sucrose diet. In addition, both groups had high levels of oxidative stress and showed starvation response (converting triglycerides into fatty acids). Alarmingly, flies fed with sucrose+atrazine for 20 and 30 days had elevated pericardin in heart tissues, indicating early onset of diabetic complications such as cardiomyopathy. SIGNIFICANCE Lifestyle-chemical exposure synergistically impairs glucose metabolism, affects organisms' redox state and leads to the early onset of T2D and associated complications like cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Pawankumar Gupta
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Mirat-Ul Fatima
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Rukmani Pandey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Kristipati Ravi Ram
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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50
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Emerging Role of SMILE in Liver Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032907. [PMID: 36769229 PMCID: PMC9917820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper (SMILE) is a member of the CREB/ATF family of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. SMILE has two isoforms, a small and long isoform, resulting from alternative usage of the initiation codon. Interestingly, although SMILE can homodimerize similar to other bZIP proteins, it cannot bind to DNA. As a result, SMILE acts as a co-repressor in nuclear receptor signaling and other transcription factors through its DNA binding inhibition, coactivator competition, and direct repression, thereby regulating the expression of target genes. Therefore, the knockdown of SMILE increases the transactivation of transcription factors. Recent findings suggest that SMILE is an important regulator of metabolic signals and pathways by causing changes in glucose, lipid, and iron metabolism in the liver. The regulation of SMILE plays an important role in pathological conditions such as hepatitis, diabetes, fatty liver disease, and controlling the energy metabolism in the liver. This review focuses on the role of SMILE and its repressive actions on the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors and bZIP transcription factors and its effects on liver metabolism. Understanding the importance of SMILE in liver metabolism and signaling pathways paves the way to utilize SMILE as a target in treating liver diseases.
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