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Kowalski S, Karska J, Tota M, Skinderowicz K, Kulbacka J, Drąg-Zalesińska M. Natural Compounds in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:728. [PMID: 38338469 PMCID: PMC10856721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevated occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and the adverse effects associated with available treatments adversely impact the quality of life in multiple dimensions. In connection with this, there is a necessity for alternative approaches characterized by increased tolerance and lower side effects. Natural compounds could be employed due to their safety profile and effectiveness for inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases. These anti-cancer drugs are often derived from natural sources such as marine, zoonotic, and botanical origins. Natural compounds should exhibit anti-carcinogenic actions through various pathways, influencing apoptosis potentiation, cell proliferation inhibition, and metastasis suppression. This review provides an overview of natural compounds used in cancer chemotherapies, chemoprevention, and promotion of skin regeneration, including polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, terpenoids, isothiocyanates, cannabinoids, carotenoids, and ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kowalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Julia Karska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Tota
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Skinderowicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Pega F, Momen NC, Streicher KN, Leon-Roux M, Neupane S, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Schüz J, Baker M, Driscoll T, Guseva Canu I, Kiiver HM, Li J, Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, Turner MC, Viegas S, Villeneuve PJ. Global, regional and national burdens of non-melanoma skin cancer attributable to occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation for 183 countries, 2000-2019: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108226. [PMID: 37945424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A World Health Organization (WHO) and International Labour Organization (ILO) systematic review reported sufficient evidence for higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) amongst people occupationally exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). This article presents WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of global, regional, national and subnational occupational exposures to UVR for 195 countries/areas and the global, regional and national attributable burdens of NMSC for 183 countries, by sex and age group, for the years 2000, 2010 and 2019. METHODS We calculated population-attributable fractions (PAFs) from estimates of the population occupationally exposed to UVR and the risk ratio for NMSC from the WHO/ILO systematic review. Occupational exposure to UVR was modelled via proxy of occupation with outdoor work, using 166 million observations from 763 cross-sectional surveys for 96 countries/areas. Attributable NMSC burden was estimated by applying the PAFs to WHO's estimates of the total NMSC burden. Measures of inequality were calculated. RESULTS Globally in 2019, 1.6 billion workers (95 % uncertainty range [UR] 1.6-1.6) were occupationally exposed to UVR, or 28.4 % (UR 27.9-28.8) of the working-age population. The PAFs were 29.0 % (UR 24.7-35.0) for NMSC deaths and 30.4 % (UR 29.0-31.7) for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Attributable NMSC burdens were 18,960 deaths (UR 18,180-19,740) and 0.5 million DALYs (UR 0.4-0.5). Men and older age groups carried larger burden. Over 2000-2019, attributable deaths and DALYs almost doubled. CONCLUSIONS WHO and the ILO estimate that occupational exposure to UVR is common and causes substantial, inequitable and growing attributable burden of NMSC. Governments must protect outdoor workers from hazardous exposure to UVR and attributable NMSC burden and inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pega
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Natalie C Momen
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kai N Streicher
- Consultant to the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Leon-Roux
- Consultant to the World Health Organization, Panama City, Panama
| | - Subas Neupane
- Consultant to the World Health Organization, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marissa Baker
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tim Driscoll
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jamaji C Nwanaji-Enwerem
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory Rollins School of Public Health and Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Susana Viegas
- Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- School of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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Vallini G, Calabrese L, Canino C, Trovato E, Gentileschi S, Rubegni P, Tognetti L. Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies in Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:2534. [PMID: 37947611 PMCID: PMC10647618 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common human neoplasms world-wide. In detail, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignancy in the fair-skinned population. The incidence of BCC remains difficult to assess due to the poor registration practice; however, it has been increasing in the last few years. Approximately, 85% of sporadic BCCs carry mutations in Hedgehog pathway genes, especially in PTCH, SUFU and SMO genes, which lead to the aberrant activation of GLI transcriptional factors, typically silent in cells of adult individuals. The management of advanced BCC (aBCC), both metastatic (mBCC) and locally advanced BCC (laBCC), not candidates for surgical excision or radiotherapy, remains challenging. The discovery of mutations in the Hh signaling pathway has paved the way for the development of Hh pathway inhibiting agents, such as vismodegib and sonidegib, which have represented a breakthrough in the aBCC management. However, the use of these agents is limited by the frequent occurrence of adverse events or the development of drug resistance. In this review, we thoroughly describe the current knowledge regarding the available options for the pharmacological management of aBCCs and provide a forward-looking update on novel therapeutic strategies that could enrich the therapeutic armamentarium of BCC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vallini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Calabrese
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Costanza Canino
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Trovato
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Stefano Gentileschi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Rheumatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Pietro Rubegni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Linda Tognetti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
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De Dominici M, DeGregori J. Our ancestry dictates clonal architecture and skin cancer susceptibility. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1428-1429. [PMID: 37537258 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Dominici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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King C, Fowler JC, Abnizova I, Sood RK, Hall MWJ, Szeverényi I, Tham M, Huang J, Young SM, Hall BA, Birgitte Lane E, Jones PH. Somatic mutations in facial skin from countries of contrasting skin cancer risk. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1440-1447. [PMID: 37537257 PMCID: PMC10484783 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of keratinocyte cancer (basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin) is 17-fold lower in Singapore than the UK1-3, despite Singapore receiving 2-3 times more ultraviolet (UV) radiation4,5. Aging skin contains somatic mutant clones from which such cancers develop6,7. We hypothesized that differences in keratinocyte cancer incidence may be reflected in the normal skin mutational landscape. Here we show that, compared to Singapore, aging facial skin from populations in the UK has a fourfold greater mutational burden, a predominant UV mutational signature, increased copy number aberrations and increased mutant TP53 selection. These features are shared by keratinocyte cancers from high-incidence and low-incidence populations8-13. In Singaporean skin, most mutations result from cell-intrinsic processes; mutant NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 are more strongly selected than in the UK. Aging skin in a high-incidence country has multiple features convergent with cancer that are not found in a low-risk country. These differences may reflect germline variation in UV-protective genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael W J Hall
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchinson Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ildikó Szeverényi
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Muly Tham
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingxiang Huang
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Benjamin A Hall
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip H Jones
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchinson Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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Hyeraci M, Papanikolau ES, Grimaldi M, Ricci F, Pallotta S, Monetta R, Minafò YA, Di Lella G, Galdo G, Abeni D, Fania L, Dellambra E. Systemic Photoprotection in Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1067. [PMID: 37509103 PMCID: PMC10377635 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), which include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and actinic keratosis (AK), are the most common cancer diseases in the Caucasian race. If diagnosed late and improperly treated, BCC and SCC can become locally advanced and metastasize. Malignant melanoma (MM) is less frequent but more lethal than NMSC. Given the individual and social burdens of skin cancers, performing an adequate prevention is needed. Ultraviolet (UV) ray exposure is one of the main risk factors for skin cancer. Thus, the first-choice prevention strategy is represented by photoprotection that can be both topical and systemic. The latter consists of the oral administration of molecules which protect human skin against the damaging effects of UV rays, acting through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or immunomodulator mechanisms. Although several compounds are commonly used for photoprotection, only a few molecules have demonstrated their effectiveness in clinical trials and have been included in international guidelines for NMSC prevention (i.e., nicotinamide and retinoids). Moreover, none of them have been demonstrated as able to prevent MM. Clinical and preclinical data regarding the most common compounds used for systemic photoprotection are reported in this review, with a focus on the main mechanisms involved in their photoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Hyeraci
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marta Grimaldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabatino Pallotta
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Monetta
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Ylenia Aura Minafò
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Lella
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Galdo
- Dermatology Unit, AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Damiano Abeni
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Fania
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Dellambra
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
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Chen LY, Niu W, Lim K, Solomon JA. Recommendations From a Chinese-Language Survey of Knowledge and Prevention of Skin Cancer Among Chinese Populations Internationally: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2023; 6:e37758. [PMID: 37632936 PMCID: PMC10335128 DOI: 10.2196/37758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of studies assessing awareness and prevention of skin cancer among Chinese populations. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to compare attitudes and practices regarding skin cancer risks and prevention between Chinese Asian and North American Chinese populations and between Fitzpatrick scores. METHODS A cross-sectional, internet-based, 74-question survey in Chinese was conducted focusing on Han Chinese participants internationally. The survey included Likert-type scales and multiple-choice questions. All participants were required to read Chinese and self-identify as being 18 years or older and Chinese by ethnicity, nationality, or descent. Participants were recruited on the internet over a 6-month period from July 2017 through January 2018 via advertisements in Chinese on popular social media platforms: WeChat, QQ, Weibo, Facebook, and Twitter. RESULTS Of the 113 completed responses collected (participation rate of 65.7%), 95 (84.1%) were ethnically Han Chinese, of which 93 (96.9%) were born in China and 59 (62.1%) were female. The mean age of these 95 participants was 35.8 (SD 13.3) years; 72 (75.8%) participants were born after 1975. Few but more North American Chinese reported that Chinese Asian populations received annual skin checks (4/30, 4.2% vs 0/65, 0%; P=.009) and believed that their clinician provided adequate sun safety education (13/30, 43.3% vs 15/65, 23.1%; P=.04). Participants with higher Fitzpatrick scores less frequently received sun safety education from a clinician (4/34, 11.8% vs 22/61, 36.1%; P=.02). More participants with lower Fitzpatrick scores used sunscreen (41/61, 67.2% vs 16/34, 47.1%; P=.05), but alternative sun protection use rates are similar across groups. CONCLUSIONS Cultural differences and Fitzpatrick scores can affect knowledge and practices with respect to sun protection and skin cancer among social media-using Chinese Asian and North American Chinese communities based on respondent demographics. Most participants in all groups understood that people of color have some risk of skin cancer, but >30% of all groups across regions and Fitzpatrick scores are unaware of current skin protection recommendations, receive insufficient sun safety education, and do not use sunscreen. Outreach efforts may begin broadly with concerted public and private efforts to train and fund dermatologists to perform annual total body skin exams and provide more patient education. They should spark community interest through mass media and empower Chinese people to perform self-examinations and recognize risks and risk mitigation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Ye Chen
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Wei Niu
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Health Sciences Center New Orleans, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kristina Lim
- Division of Dermatology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, United States
| | - James A Solomon
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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The Current Treatment Landscape of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Clin Dermatol 2023; 24:25-40. [PMID: 36512176 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-022-00742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common form of skin cancer worldwide. The global incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is rising, with an estimated 2.4 million cases diagnosed in 2019. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major risk factor for developing CSCC. Most early-stage CSCCs are treated successfully with surgery or radiotherapy; however, locally advanced or metastatic disease can be associated with significant morbidity or mortality. Recently, the treatment paradigm for advanced CSCC has been revolutionised by the introduction of immunotherapy, which can achieve a response rate of approximately 50% with durable cancer control, and significant improvement in quality of life. With the regulatory approval of programmed death-1 (PD-1)-targeting drugs since 2018, immunotherapy is now recognised as the standard of care for first-line systemic therapy in advanced or metastatic CSCC.
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Zhu S, Sun C, Zhang L, Du X, Tan X, Peng S. Incidence Trends and Survival Prediction of Malignant Skin Cancer: A SEER-Based Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2945-2956. [PMID: 35313550 PMCID: PMC8934145 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s340620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirong Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoan Du
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaodong Tan; Shuzhen Peng, Email ;
| | - Shuzhen Peng
- The People’s Hospital of Huangpi, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Bowers JM, Hamilton JG, Wu YP, Moyer A, Hay JL. Acculturation, Sun Tanning Behavior, and Tanning Attitudes Among Asian College Students in the Northeastern USA. Int J Behav Med 2022; 29:25-35. [PMID: 33942255 PMCID: PMC9272584 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-09993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students participate in high levels of tanning, a skin cancer risk behavior due to ultraviolet radiation exposure, yet little is known about Asian college students' behavior. This study examined the relationship between tanning attitudes, acculturation to the USA (cultural assimilation), and tanning behavior. METHOD An online survey was used to recruit 211 Asian college students in the northeastern USA (47.4% born outside of the USA) to respond to questions about recent tanning behavior, sun protection strategies, attitudes about tanning, and acculturation to the USA. RESULTS Attitudes about tanning, particularly desire for a darker skin tone and social norms, along with acculturation to the USA, were predictive of intentional tanning. The sample reported high levels of sun protection, which was associated with low acculturation. CONCLUSION The significant role of acculturation in this study indicates that it may be a useful factor to include in future tanning intervention studies of relevant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Bowers
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nichols Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Jada G. Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Yelena P. Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Anne Moyer
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nichols Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Hay
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA
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11
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Almalki S, Almalki AM, Allaf F, Alrougi A, Al-Marzouki AHH, Farahat F. A Retrospective Chart Review of Skin Cancer Pattern and Clinical Outcomes Among Saudi Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Saudi Arabia From 1987-2016. Cureus 2021; 13:e20666. [PMID: 34966622 PMCID: PMC8710036 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. However, limited studies have been conducted on this disease in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to describe the prevalence, treatment modalities, and outcomes of skin cancer in a tertiary care hospital in western Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective review of the medical records of all Saudi patients visiting King Abdulaziz Medical City hospital in Jeddah between 1987 and 2016 was performed. Results In total, 132 patients were diagnosed with skin cancer during the study period, however, only 119 cases were analyzed because of missing information. The male-to-female ratio was 1.09:1. The age at diagnosis ranges from 16-94 (mean age: 63.3 years). The most common type of skin cancer was basal cell carcinoma, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The most common anatomical site was the head and neck region. The most common form of treatment modality was surgery. Of the studied patients, 49.6% were cured, 20.2% were in remission, 12.6% relapsed, and 17.6% died. Conclusions This study showed an equal male to female ratio with variant cumulative incidence over the years. Surgery was the most common treatment modality and had the highest curative outcome. Primary care physicians should be probed further to raise awareness and screen their patients to ensure early detection of possible skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattam Almalki
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdullah M Almalki
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Faris Allaf
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdullah Alrougi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Al-Hasan H Al-Marzouki
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Fayssal Farahat
- Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, SAU.,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
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12
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Use of Intraoperative Frozen Section in the Surgical Management of Patients with Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer. J Skin Cancer 2021; 2021:4944570. [PMID: 34760320 PMCID: PMC8575635 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4944570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intraoperative frozen section (IFS) is often utilised in the surgical treatment of nonmelanocytic skin cancer (NMSC) in sensitive facial regions when Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is not available. Objective To compare the outcome of NMSC patients with excision performed with and without IFS. Materials and Methods A retrospective, single-centre study was performed on all patients who had undergone resection of NMSC with and without IFS control at the National University Hospital (NUH) from 2010 to 2015. Results 116 patients were recruited, of which 86 had IFS and 30 did not. The complete excision rate of patients with IFS was higher at 87.2% (p=0.0194), need for secondary operation was lower at 1.2% (p=0.005), and need for postsurgery radiotherapy or chemotherapy was lower at 1.2% (p=0.001). The average duration of surgery in patients who underwent IFS was 95.4 minutes compared to 70.1 minutes in cases which did not undergo IFS. Conclusion Our study showed an increased complete excision rate and reduced need for secondary surgeries and adjuvant therapy in patients with IFS. However, a longer operative duration was required. Use of IFS may be useful in patients with NMSC lesions in sensitive regions requiring complex reconstruction after tumour excision.
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Goon P, Banfield C, Bello O, Levell NJ. Skin cancers in skin types IV-VI: Does the Fitzpatrick scale give a false sense of security? SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e40. [PMID: 35663142 PMCID: PMC9060139 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Fitzpatrick scale has been in use for skin colour typing according to the tanning potential of skin since its inception in 1975-1976. Thomas Fitzpatrick developed the scale to classify persons with 'white skin' in order to select the correct amount of UVA in Joules/cm2 for PUVA treatment for psoriasis. Since then, it has been widely used in Dermatology to gauge the skin's reaction to UV exposure, tanning potential, assessment of sunburn risk and amount of sun protection required for individual patients. However, the use of this scale has been of limited utility because of different self-perception in different areas of the world, particularly among those with skin of colour. Skin cancer risk is loosely inversely correlated with the initial genetic/inherent amount of melanin (most research has focused on eumelanin) present in the skin, although the pattern of exposure and amount of UV radiation required causing DNA damage varies widely according to different cancers. In this review, we have shown that the Fitzpatrick scale is neither correct nor adequate to reflect sunburn and tanning risk for skin of colour. Therefore, it may give both patients and physicians a false sense of security that there is little risk that people of colour can develop skin cancers. We have reviewed the small but not insignificant risk of skin of colour developing skin cancers and emphasise that there remains much research that needs to be done in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Goon
- Department of Dermatology Peterborough City Hospital Edith Cavell Campus Peterborough UK
| | - C Banfield
- Department of Dermatology Peterborough City Hospital Edith Cavell Campus Peterborough UK
| | - O Bello
- Department of Dermatology Peterborough City Hospital Edith Cavell Campus Peterborough UK
| | - N J Levell
- Department of Dermatology Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norwich UK
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Mechanical Intermittent Compression Affects the Progression Rate of Malignant Melanoma Cells in a Cycle Period-Dependent Manner. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061112. [PMID: 34207144 PMCID: PMC8234529 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Static mechanical compression is a biomechanical factor that affects the progression of melanoma cells. However, little is known about how dynamic mechanical compression affects the progression of melanoma cells. In the present study, we show that mechanical intermittent compression affects the progression rate of malignant melanoma cells in a cycle period-dependent manner. Our results suggest that intermittent compression with a cycle of 2 h on/2 h off could suppress the progression rate of melanoma cells by suppressing the elongation of F-actin filaments and mRNA expression levels related to collagen degradation. In contrast, intermittent compression with a cycle of 4 h on/4 h off could promote the progression rate of melanoma cells by promoting cell proliferation and mRNA expression levels related to collagen degradation. Mechanical intermittent compression could therefore affect the progression rate of malignant melanoma cells in a cycle period-dependent manner. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the physiological responses of melanoma cells to dynamic mechanical compression.
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15
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Sultana N. Predicting sun protection measures against skin diseases using machine learning approaches. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:758-769. [PMID: 33786953 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The substantial growth rate of skin cancer has necessitated adequate protection from solar radiation. Consequently, analyzing sun protection practices is an imperative research area in dermatology and pharmacology. AIMS This paper aims to analyze public sun-protection manners in the Arabian Peninsula regions. METHODS A simple random survey was conducted to assess public sun protection manners. Artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) were selected from several machine learning algorithms to create the models for predicting public sun protection measures based on the prediction accuracy. Model performances were evaluated based on several performance indicators depending on the confusion matrices and receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS 51% of the respondents have a low level, and 49% have a high level of sun protection practices. The results showed that the SVM performed considerably amended than the ANN for predicting the response. The relative importance of the predictors for the best predictive SVM model was also analyzed. The predictors are ranked as: the number of times having sunburnt >gender > use seat belt while driving/riding a vehicle >considers the UV index for personal sun exposure >income based on the expenses >sports/exercise activities >consciousness of the chance for having sunburnt on extended exposure to the sun >age > having any skin problem >nationality > skin type. CONCLUSION These identified significant predictors might be considered for developing an effective policy to increase public consciousness using proper protection from solar radiation's detrimental effect to rule out skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Sultana
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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16
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The incidence and clinical analysis of non-melanoma skin cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4337. [PMID: 33619293 PMCID: PMC7900109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common malignancies diagnosed in Caucasian populations. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent skin cancer, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Unfortunately, most European cancer registries do not record individual types of NMSC. To evaluate the incidence of primary BCCs and SCCs regarding age, sex, tumour site and tumour subtype to determine trends in epidemiology of both cancers. Retrospective analysis of BCCs and SCCs diagnosed and treated across seven sites in Poland from 1999 to 2019. We recorded 13,913 NMSCs occurring in 10,083 patients. BCC represented 85.2% of all cases. SCC patients were older than BCC patients (77.1 ± 11.3 years vs. 70.1 ± 12.3 years, p < 0.01). The nodular subtype was the most common subtype of BCC, followed by the superficial and infiltrative subtypes. The superficial BCC subtype was more common on photoprotected areas (p < 0.01), whereas the nodular BCC subtype occurred on the face (p < 0.01). The high-risk SCC subtypes were more common on face compared to low-risk SCC subtypes (p < 0.01). BCC and SCC are common malignancies developing at various ages and anatomical sites. These data underline the need for better registration policies regarding NMSC in order to improve prevention and treatment strategies for these tumours.
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Martínez-Rodríguez M, Monteagudo C. CCL27 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1302:113-132. [PMID: 34286445 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of small proteins which play an important role in leukocyte migration and invasion. They are also involved in the cellular proliferation and migration of tumor cells.Chemokine CCL27 (cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine, CTACK) is mainly expressed by keratinocytes of the normal epidermis. It is well known that this chemokine plays an important role in several inflammatory diseases of the skin, such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis. Moreover, several studies have shown an association between CCL27 expression and a variety of neoplasms including skin cancer.In this chapter, we address the role of chemokine CCL27 in the tumor microenvironment in the most relevant cancers of the skin and other anatomical locations. We also make a brief comment on future perspectives and the potential relation of CCL27 with different immunotherapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Hospital-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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18
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Arab KA, AlRuhaili A, AlJohany T, AlHammad RS. Melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer among patients who attended at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from 2007 - 2018. Saudi Med J 2020; 41:709-714. [PMID: 32601638 PMCID: PMC7502929 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.7.25138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer for patients attended King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We are also assessing the most common category of skin cancer to be encountered among those patients. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective study including all patients (Saudi and non-Saudi) who attended King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) at the period of (2007-2018). Data were collected from archives of Pathology Department at KKUH and categorized into: melanoma skin cancer (MSC), non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), which included: basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), pre-neoplastic lesions, and non-neoplastic skin lesions. Results: A total of 111 patients were reported to have skin cancer out of 9828 cases, which had other skin pathology. Majority of cases were basal cell carcinoma with a total number of 76 (68.5%) of all cases. 18 patients (16.2%) were diagnosed with MSC. The remaining 17 patients (15.3%) were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Skin cancer prevalence and incidence is increasing worldwide. In our study, BCC was the most common type of skin cancer to be reported in our institute, which is similar to the majority of other international studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Arab
- Division of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Hirano G, Nemoto M, Kimura Y, Kiyohara Y, Koga H, Yamazaki N, Christensen G, Ingvar C, Nielsen K, Nakamura A, Sota T, Nagaoka T. Automatic diagnosis of melanoma using hyperspectral data and GoogLeNet. Skin Res Technol 2020; 26:891-897. [PMID: 32585082 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a type of superficial tumor. As advanced melanoma has a poor prognosis, early detection and therapy are essential to reduce melanoma-related deaths. To that end, there is a need to develop a quantitative method for diagnosing melanoma. This paper reports the development of such a diagnostic system using hyperspectral data (HSD) and a convolutional neural network, which is a type of machine learning. MATERIALS AND METHODS HSD were acquired using a hyperspectral imager, which is a type of spectrometer that can simultaneously capture information about wavelength and position. GoogLeNet pre-trained with Imagenet was used to model the convolutional neural network. As many CNNs (including GoogLeNet) have three input channels, the HSD (involving 84 channels) could not be input directly. For that reason, a "Mini Network" layer was added to reduce the number of channels from 84 to 3 just before the GoogLeNet input layer. In total, 619 lesions (including 278 melanoma lesions and 341 non-melanoma lesions) were used for training and evaluation of the network. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The system was evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation, and the results indicate sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 69.1%, 75.7%, and 72.7% without data augmentation, 72.3%, 81.2%, and 77.2% with data augmentation, respectively. In future work, it is intended to improve the Mini Network and to increase the number of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginji Hirano
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Nemoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kimura
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kiyohara
- Division of Dermatology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kari Nielsen
- Department of Dermatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Atsushi Nakamura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaoka
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
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20
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Muntyanu A, Savin E, Ghazawi FM, Alakel A, Zubarev A, Litvinov IV. Geographic Variations in Cutaneous Melanoma Distribution in the Russian Federation. Dermatology 2020; 236:500-507. [PMID: 32506063 DOI: 10.1159/000507617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma (CM) incidence has been increasing around the world. The goal of this study is to describe geographic trends in incidence and mortality of CM in Russia between 2001 and 2017. METHODS To achieve this we used geo-informatic technique (mapping) and descriptive statistical analysis. Additionally, we studied the associations between ethnicity, geographic latitude/longitude, and CM incidence/mortality rates. We retrospectively analyzed the data from the Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, for the period of the study. Routine methods of descriptive epidemiology were used to study incidence and mortality rates by age groups, years, and jurisdictions (i.e., Federal Districts and Federal Subjects of Russia). RESULTS In total, 141,597 patients were diagnosed with melanoma in Russia over the period 2001-2017, of whom 62% were women. The overall age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were 4.27/100,000 and 1.62/100,000, respectively. Geographic mapping revealed north-to-south and east-to-west gradients. As the study was fully descriptive, retrospective, and based on official statistical reports, detailed characteristics of clinical forms, anatomic sites, Breslow depth, and treatments could not be analyzed. CONCLUSIONS This study outlined the burden of melanoma in the Russian Federation, and the trends were similar to those observed in countries with similar latitudes and skin phenotype. The importance of the skin color gradient and recreational/cultural practices were some of the most important risk factors highlighted in this study for the development of melanoma in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgeny Savin
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Feras M Ghazawi
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akram Alakel
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrei Zubarev
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada,
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21
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Jung SK, Lim J, Yang SW, Jee D, Won YJ. Nationwide Trends in the Incidence and Survival of Eyelid Skin Cancers in Korea. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020; 27:438-448. [PMID: 32486892 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2020.1767152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study provides a population-based report on eyelid skin cancer epidemiology showing trends in its incidence and survival in South Korea. METHODS For this population-based epidemiological study, nationwide cancer incidence data were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry, covering the entire population. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASRs) and annual per cent changes (APCs) were calculated according to sex, histological types, stage, and date of diagnosis. The 5-year relative survival rates (RSRs) were estimated for patients diagnosed between 1993 and 2016. RESULTS The ASR increased from 0.27 per 100,000 population in 1999 to 0.61 in 2016, with an APC of 4.94%. The most common histopathological type was basal cell carcinoma (BCC), accounting for 67.5% of all eyelid skin cancers during 1999-2016, followed by sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC, 10.7%), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 10.6%). The number of localised cancer diagnoses tended to increase, compared to that of distant cancer. The 5-year RSR was nearly 100% when considering all eyelid skin cancers together. When considering them separately, the 5-year RSR of BCC was nearly 100% throughout, whereas for SGC and SCC, it gradually increased from 94.2% and 87.7% (1993-1995), respectively, to nearly 100% (2011-2016) for both. Melanoma had the lowest survival, although its survival has increased markedly since 1993. CONCLUSIONS Nationwide data used in this study showed an increase in incidence and survival rates of eyelid skin cancers in Korea. BCC was the most predominant type, and its proportion among all eyelid skin cancer cases has increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyung Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cancer Center , Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Center , Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Woo Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Jee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Suwon St. Vincent's, Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea , Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Won
- Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Center , Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Z, Imani S, Shasaltaneh MD, Hosseinifard H, Zou L, Fan Y, Wen Q. The role of vascular mimicry as a biomarker in malignant melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1134. [PMID: 31752759 PMCID: PMC6873453 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) a microvascular system consisting of non-endothelial cells that is newly formed by aggressive tumors, has been proposed as an important therapeutic target in malignant melanoma (MM). We performed a systematic literature review to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of VM status for overall survival of MM patients. METHODS The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. Diagnostic capacity of VM variables, including sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC), were pooled using Meta-DiSc software. RESULTS A retrospective observational study was conducted based on twelve clinical studies including 978 clinically confirmed melanoma patients with proportion (P). VM+ melanoma cells were associated with poor prognosis in 38% of MM group (P = 0.35, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.27-0.42, p < 0.001). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79-0.84) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.66-0.71), respectively. Furthermore, the pooled PLR, NLR, and DOR were 2.56 (95% CI: 1.94-3.93), 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07-0.42), and 17.75 (95% CI: 5.30-59.44), respectively. Furthermore, the AUC of SROC was 0.63, indicating high reliability of VM status as a biomarker. Importantly, subgroup results suggested that VM+ status is a significantly accurate prognostic biomarker when diagnosed by the CD31-/PAS+ staining methods in Asian MM samples (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the potential of VM status of tumors as a promising prognostic biomarker and emphasize an effective adjuvant therapeutic strategy in the prognosis of Asian MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000 People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinifard
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine (RCEBM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Linglin Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000 People’s Republic of China
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An ulcerated squamous cell carcinoma of the forehead in the artistic heritage of Lam qua. Med Hypotheses 2019; 133:109383. [PMID: 31470244 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Namuduri RP, Lim TY, Yam PK, Gatsinga R, Lim-Tan SK, Chew SH, Koh MJ, Mansor S. Vulvar basal cell carcinoma: clinical features and treatment outcomes from a tertiary care centre. Singapore Med J 2019; 60:479-482. [PMID: 30773599 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2019014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, management and outcomes of patients diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the vulva at the Gynaecological Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, between 1 January 2000 and 28 February 2014. Patients with vulvar BCC were identified from the cancer registry, and their medical records reviewed and analysed. A total of 11 patients with vulvar BCC were identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 63 (range 30-85) years. Ethnically, ten patients were Chinese and one was Malay. Average time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 13.8 (range 2-60) months. The most common presenting symptoms were lump and pruritus. All patients were managed surgically. Recurrence was noted in only one patient. Vulvar BCC, although rare, has an excellent prognosis when managed appropriately. Histological diagnosis of all persistent papules, plaques and pigmented lesions is important for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama P Namuduri
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Timothy Yk Lim
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Philip Kl Yam
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Soo Kim Lim-Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sung Hock Chew
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mark Ja Koh
- Department of Dermatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sorsiah Mansor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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The Evolving Pattern Of Primary Skin Cancers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjdv-2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background. The increasing solar intensity and HIV epidemic have progressively eroded the protective effects of melanin among black race. This study was aimed at evaluating the pattern of primary skin cancers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Methods. This retrospective study, which was conducted at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, included the patients diagnosed with primary skin cancers between January 2008 and December 2017. The data were analyzed using SPSS version20.
Results. The frequency of primary skin cancers was 1.0%. Females (58.3%) outnumbered the males (41.7%), the ratio being 1.4:1. The spectrum of primary skin cancers documented by this study are squamous cell carcinoma (33.3%), malignant melanoma (25%), Kaposi sarcoma (15.3%), basal cell carcinoma (9.7%), and cutaneous lymphoma (6.9%).
Conclusion. Melanin remains a major protective factor for skin cancers among negroids. Albinism and high burden of HIV were identified risk groups for skin cancers. The eradication of HIV and enhanced sun protection will reduce the prevalence of skin cancers.
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Oh CC, Jin A, Yuan JM, Koh WP. Coffee, tea, caffeine, and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a Chinese population: The Singapore Chinese Health Study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:395-402. [PMID: 30731173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although epidemiologic studies in populations of European descent suggest a possible chemoprotective effect of caffeine against nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), data in Asian populations are lacking. OBJECTIVES We examined the relationship of coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption with NMSC risk among Chinese in Singapore. METHODS We used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort of 63,257 men and women who were 45 to 74 years old at recruitment from 1993 to 1998. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Coffee drinking was associated with reduced NMSC risk in a dose-dependent manner (P trend < .0001). Compared with those who drank coffee less than weekly, those who drank 3 or more cups per day had a lower risk of basal cell carcinoma (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31-0.93) and a lower risk of squamous cell carcinoma (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.13-0.84). Compared with nondrinkers of black tea, daily drinkers of black tea also had a reduced risk of NMSC (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52-0.94). Caffeine intake reduced NMSC risk in a stepwise manner (P trend = .0025); subjects with a caffeine intake of 400 mg/d or more had the lowest risk (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.34-1.04). CONCLUSION Consumption of caffeinated drinks such as coffee and black tea may reduce the risk of NMSC among Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Chiat Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
| | - Aizhen Jin
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Cameron MC, Lee E, Hibler BP, Barker CA, Mori S, Cordova M, Nehal KS, Rossi AM. Basal cell carcinoma: Epidemiology; pathophysiology; clinical and histological subtypes; and disease associations. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:303-317. [PMID: 29782900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the most common human cancer worldwide and continuing to increase in incidence, basal cell carcinoma is associated with significant morbidity and cost. Continued advances in research have refined both our insight and approach to this seemingly ubiquitous disease. This 2-part continuing medical education article will provide a comprehensive and contemporary review of basal cell carcinoma. The first article in this series describes our current understanding of this disease regarding epidemiology, cost, clinical and histopathologic presentations, carcinogenesis, natural history, and disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Cameron
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Erica Lee
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brian P Hibler
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christopher A Barker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shoko Mori
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Miguel Cordova
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kishwer S Nehal
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anthony M Rossi
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Wares MA, Tobita N, Kawauchi S, Sato S, Nishidate I. Noninvasive evaluation of hemodynamics and light scattering property during two-stage mouse cutaneous carcinogenesis based on multispectral diffuse reflectance images at isosbestic wavelengths of hemoglobin. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-11. [PMID: 30635994 PMCID: PMC6975185 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.031020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a multispectral imaging method to evaluate spatiotemporal changes in both cutaneous hemoglobin concentration and light scattering parameter in mouse skin through diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using the reflectance images acquired at isosbestic wavelengths of hemoglobin (420, 450, 500, and 585 nm). In the proposed approach, Monte Carlo simulation-based empirical formulas are introduced to extract the scattering power b representing the wavelength dependence of light scattering spectrum of skin tissue, as well as the total hemoglobin concentration Cth in dermal vasculatures. The use of isosbestic wavelengths of hemoglobin enables the values of Cth and b to be estimated independently of the oxygenation of hemoglobin. Experiments using in vivo mice two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model are performed to confirm the feasibility of the proposed method for evaluating the changes in cutaneous vasculatures and tissue morphology during tumor initiation, promotion, and progression processes. The experimental results reveal that the changes in scattering power b of back skin are significantly reduced and followed by the increase in total hemoglobin concentration Cth in the carcinogenesis mice group, which indicates morphological changes in skin tissue such as edema and cell swelling caused by tumor promotion and successive angiogenesis along with tumor progression. The results suggest that the potential of the present method to detect cutaneous carcinogenesis in an early stage and monitor physiological changes during promotion and progression process of nonmelanoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Wares
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Government of Bangladesh, Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Naoki Tobita
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Kawauchi
- National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Division of Bio-Information and Therapeutic Systems, Tokorozawa, Saitama
| | - Shunichi Sato
- National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Division of Bio-Information and Therapeutic Systems, Tokorozawa, Saitama
| | - Izumi Nishidate
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
- Address all correspondence to Izumi Nishidate, E-mail:
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Weber P, Tschandl P, Sinz C, Kittler H. Dermatoscopy of Neoplastic Skin Lesions: Recent Advances, Updates, and Revisions. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018; 19:56. [PMID: 30238167 PMCID: PMC6153581 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-018-0573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Dermatoscopy (dermoscopy) improves the diagnosis of benign and malignant cutaneous neoplasms in comparison with examination with the unaided eye and should be used routinely for all pigmented and non-pigmented cutaneous neoplasms. It is especially useful for the early stage of melanoma when melanoma-specific criteria are invisible to the unaided eye. Preselection by the unaided eye is therefore not recommended. The increased availability of polarized dermatoscopes, and the extended use of dermatoscopy in non-pigmented lesions led to the discovery of new criteria, and we recommend that lesions should be examined with polarized and non-polarized dermatoscopy. The "chaos and clues algorithm" is a good starting point for beginners because it is easy to use, accurate, and it works for all types of pigmented lesions not only for those melanocytic. Physicians, who use dermatoscopy routinely, should be aware of new clues for acral melanomas, nail matrix melanomas, melanoma in situ, and nodular melanoma. Dermatoscopy should also be used to distinguish between different subtypes of basal cell carcinoma and to discriminate highly from poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas to optimize therapy and management of non-melanoma skin cancer. One of the most exciting areas of research is the use of dermatoscopic images for machine learning and automated diagnosis. Convolutional neural networks trained with dermatoscopic images are able to diagnose pigmented lesions with the same accuracy as human experts. We humans should not be afraid of this new and exciting development because it will most likely lead to a peaceful and fruitful coexistence of human experts and decision support systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Weber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Tschandl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Sinz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Kittler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Del Bino S, Duval C, Bernerd F. Clinical and Biological Characterization of Skin Pigmentation Diversity and Its Consequences on UV Impact. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092668. [PMID: 30205563 PMCID: PMC6163216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin color diversity is the most variable and noticeable phenotypic trait in humans resulting from constitutive pigmentation variability. This paper will review the characterization of skin pigmentation diversity with a focus on the most recent data on the genetic basis of skin pigmentation, and the various methodologies for skin color assessment. Then, melanocyte activity and amount, type and distribution of melanins, which are the main drivers for skin pigmentation, are described. Paracrine regulators of melanocyte microenvironment are also discussed. Skin response to sun exposure is also highly dependent on color diversity. Thus, sensitivity to solar wavelengths is examined in terms of acute effects such as sunburn/erythema or induced-pigmentation but also long-term consequences such as skin cancers, photoageing and pigmentary disorders. More pronounced sun-sensitivity in lighter or darker skin types depending on the detrimental effects and involved wavelengths is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Del Bino
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Christine Duval
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Françoise Bernerd
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
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Oh CM, Cho H, Won YJ, Kong HJ, Roh YH, Jeong KH, Jung KW. Nationwide Trends in the Incidence of Melanoma and Non-melanoma Skin Cancers from 1999 to 2014 in South Korea. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 50:729-737. [PMID: 28707459 PMCID: PMC6056982 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This descriptive study was aimed to examine trends in the incidence of melanoma and nonmelanoma in South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS The nationwide incidence data for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer was obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Age-standardized rates were calculated and analyzed, using a Joinpoint regression model. RESULTS The incidence of basal cell carcinoma has increased dramatically both in men (average annual percentage change [AAPC], 8.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.0 to 10.1]) and women (AAPC, 9.0 [95% CI, 7.5 to 10.4]). Squamous cell carcinoma has also steadily increased both in men (AAPC, 3.3 [95% CI, 2.6 to 4.0]) and women (AAPC, 6.8 [95% CI, 5.3 to 8.4]). Cutaneous melanoma increased continuously from 1999 to 2014 inwomen (AAPC, 3.5 [95% CI, 2.4 to 4.6]), whilst rapidly increasing in men until 2005 (APC, 7.9 [95% CI, 2.4 to 13.7]) after which no increase has been observed (APC, ‒0.2 [95% CI, ‒2.3 to 2.0]). CONCLUSION The incidence rates of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer have increased over the past years, with the exception of melanoma in men. Further studies are required to investigate the reasons for the increased incidence of these skin cancers in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mo Oh
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsoon Cho
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Won
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kong
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yun Ho Roh
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ki-Heon Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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McLoone P, McLoone P, Imanbayev K, Norval M. The incidence and body site of skin cancers in the population groups of Astana, Kazakhstan. Health Sci Rep 2018; 1:e51. [PMID: 30623086 PMCID: PMC6266460 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Data on cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in populations consisting of multi-racial groups in the Commonwealth of Independent States are limited. Here, the main aim was to analyse the incidence and body site of these cancers in the population groups of Astana, Kazakhstan (2007-2016). METHODS Annual age standardised incidences and body sites of BCC, SCC, and CMM in Astana's population, divided into "Kazakhs and other Turkic/Asian" and "Russian and other European/Caucasian" groups, were calculated from histologically confirmed cases reported to Astana Oncology Centre. RESULTS During the period January 2007 to October 2016, 647 skin cancers were diagnosed. The age and sex standardised incidence of BCC, SCC, and CMM increased significantly between 2007 to 2011 and 2012 to 2016. Higher incidences occurred in the Russian and other European/Caucasian group compared with the Kazakh and other Turkic/Asian group for the 3 skin cancers. BCC was the most common type of skin tumour, followed by SCC, and then CMM, in both population groups and sexes. The head/neck was the commonest site for BCC and SCC in all groups. For CMM, the most frequent site was the trunk in the Russian group and the head/neck in the Kazakh group. CONCLUSION The incidence of skin tumours in Astana rose over the past 10 years. Differences in skin phototypes and sun exposure/ protection behaviours may account for the more frequent occurrence of skin tumours in the Russian population group compared with the Kazakh population group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip McLoone
- Institute of Health and WellbeingUniversity of GlasgowScotlandUK
| | | | - Mary Norval
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotlandUK
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Cheong KW, Yew YW, Lai YC, Chan R. Clinical characteristics and management of patients with rosacea in a tertiary dermatology center in Singapore from 2009 to 2013. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:541-546. [PMID: 29479666 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rosacea is a common chronic facial skin disease. A multiethnic society such as Singapore provides an opportunity to evaluate the demographic characteristics and their impact on clinical outcome in rosacea. AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics and outcome of rosacea in a multiracial population in Singapore. METHODS Records of all rosacea patients between January 2009 and December 2013 were retrospectively retrieved from the electronic medical records (EMR). Descriptive analysis was performed to understand the characteristics of patients with rosacea. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between the various variables and types of rosacea as well as the clinical outcome. RESULTS A total of 1340 patients were identified. The mean age at presentation was 42.8 years with a female predominance (65%). Most of the patients had erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) (56.3%) followed by papulopustular rosacea (PPR) (37%). With multinomial logistic regression, controlling for age, gender, and known triggers, Indians and Caucasians were more likely to have PPR compared to ETR (OR: 3.4, P = 0.01 and OR: 2.1, P = 0.01 respectively). Patients who had phymatous rosacea are also more likely to be older males (OR: 3.82 95% CI 1.64-8.92, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The epidemiology and outcome of rosacea among local patients were studied. Rosacea is more common among certain racial groups such as Chinese, Caucasian, and other races. The clinical subtypes also seem to be related to races of certain skin colors and might be related to varied natural intrinsic responses to the sun among different racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Wai Cheong
- National Skin Centre, Singapore.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Yi Chun Lai
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Wei L, Allain DC, Bernhardt MN, Gillespie JL, Peters SB, Iwenofu OH, Nelson HH, Arron ST, Toland AE. Variants at the OCA2/HERC2 locus affect time to first cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in solid organ transplant recipients collected using two different study designs. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1066-1073. [PMID: 28456133 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants at the oculocutaneous albinism 2 (OCA2)/HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (HERC2) locus have been associated with pigmentation phenotypes and risk of developing several types of skin cancer. OBJECTIVES To evaluate OCA2/HERC2 locus variants for their impact on time to develop cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in organ transplant recipients (OTRs) who are at elevated risk of developing cSCC. METHODS Participants were solid OTRs ascertained from two centres (n = 125 and 261) with an average of 13·1 years of follow-up post-transplant. DNA was available for genotyping for all participants, in addition to medical records and questionnaire data. The Ohio State University study had a case-control design with prospective follow-up, and the University of California San Francisco study was a national cross-sectional survey with retrospective chart review. RESULTS OCA2 variants rs12913832 and rs916977 were significantly associated with time to first cSCC post-transplant. OTRs homozygous for the brown-eye alleles of rs916977 (GG) and rs12913832 (AA) had significant delays of time to first cSCC post-transplant compared with individuals homozygous for the blue-eye alleles (hazard ratio 0·34, P < 0·001 and hazard ratio 0·54, P = 0·012, respectively). Both variants were highly associated with eye colour in the combined studies (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show an association between OCA2/HERC2 variants and time to first cSCC post-transplant. This may impact dermatological screening recommendations for high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wei
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - D C Allain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - M N Bernhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - J L Gillespie
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - S B Peters
- Department of Pathology, Division of Dermatopathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - O H Iwenofu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - H H Nelson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | - S T Arron
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - A E Toland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, U.S.A.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
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Navarrete-Dechent C, Bajaj S, Marchetti MA, Rabinovitz H, Dusza SW, Marghoob AA. Association of Shiny White Blotches and Strands With Nonpigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma: Evaluation of an Additional Dermoscopic Diagnostic Criterion. JAMA Dermatol 2017; 152:546-52. [PMID: 26792406 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer and is usually nonpigmented. Shiny white structures (SWSs) are frequently present in BCC. OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic accuracy of various morphologies of SWSs for diagnosis of nonpigmented BCC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Nonpigmented skin tumors, determined clinically and dermoscopically, were identified from a database of lesions consecutively biopsied over a 3-year period (January 2, 2009, to December 31, 2012) from a single dermatology practice. Data analysis was conducted from October 9, 2014, to November 15, 2015. Investigators blinded to histopathologic diagnosis evaluated the polarized dermoscopic images for the presence of SWSs, which were categorized as blotches, strands, short white lines, and rosettes. Measures of diagnostic accuracy for BCC were estimated. Participants included 2375 patients from a dermatologic clinic in Plantation, Florida. Review of the medical records identified 2891 biopsied skin lesions; 457 of these were nonpigmented neoplasms. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Diagnosis of BCC with dermoscopy compared with all other diagnoses combined was the primary outcome; the secondary outcome was diagnosis of BCC compared with amelanotic melanoma. We calculated diagnostic accuracy measured as odds ratios (ORs), sensitivity, and specificity of shiny white blotches and/or strands for the diagnosis of BCC. RESULTS Of the 457 nonpigmented neoplasms evaluated, 287 (62.8%) were BCCs, 106 (23.2%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 39 (8.5%) were lichen planus-like keratosis, 21 (4.6%) were melanomas, and 4 (0.9%) were nevi. The prevalence of SWSs was 49.0% (n = 224). In multivariate analysis (reported as OR [95% CI]) controlling for age, sex, and anatomical location, the presence of any SWS was associated with a diagnosis of BCC (2.3 [1.5-3.6]; P < .001). Blotches (6.3 [3.6-10.9]; P < .001), strands (4.9 [2.9-8.4]; P < .001), and blotches and strands together (6.1 [3.3-11.3]; P < .001) were positively associated with BCC. Shiny white blotches and strands together had a diagnostic sensitivity of 30% and specificity of 91%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The combined presence of shiny white blotches and strands is associated with high diagnostic specificity for nonpigmented BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Navarrete-Dechent
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Hauppauge, New York2Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shirin Bajaj
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Hauppauge, New York3currently a medical student, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael A Marchetti
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Hauppauge, New York
| | | | - Stephen W Dusza
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Hauppauge, New York
| | - Ashfaq A Marghoob
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Hauppauge, New York
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MicroRNA-153-3p suppress cell proliferation and invasion by targeting SNAI1 in melanoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:140-145. [PMID: 28400282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common malignancies of the skin cancer and increasing evidences revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) exert significant effects in melanoma. In the present study, the underlying function of microRNA-153-3p (miR-153-3p) in melanoma was investigated from different levels, including cell level, protein level and gene level. Our results showed that expression of miR-153-3p was lower in melanoma tissues and melanoma cells compared with the para-tumor tissue and normal melanocytes. The overexpression of miR-153-3p inhibited the cell proliferation and invasion, at the same time promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, we identified that snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) is the direct target of miR-153-3p, and there is a negative correlation between miR-153-3p level and SNAI1 expression. In summary, we presented the evidences that miR-153-3p may act as a tumor suppressor by down-regulating the expression of SNAI1 in melanoma and miR-153-3p might be a potential biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Identification of a novel locus associated with skin colour in African-admixed populations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44548. [PMID: 28300201 PMCID: PMC5353593 DOI: 10.1038/srep44548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is a complex trait that varies largely among populations. Most genome-wide association studies of this trait have been performed in Europeans and Asians. We aimed to uncover genes influencing skin colour in African-admixed individuals. We performed a genome-wide association study of melanin levels in 285 Hispanic/Latino individuals from Puerto Rico, analyzing 14 million genetic variants. A total of 82 variants with p-value ≤1 × 10−5 were followed up in 373 African Americans. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms were replicated, of which nine were associated with skin colour at genome-wide significance in a meta-analysis across the two studies. These results validated the association of two previously known skin pigmentation genes, SLC24A5 (minimum p = 2.62 × 10−14, rs1426654) and SLC45A2 (minimum p = 9.71 × 10−10, rs16891982), and revealed the intergenic region of BEND7 and PRPF18 as a novel locus associated with this trait (minimum p = 4.58 × 10−9, rs6602666). The most significant variant within this region is common among African-descent populations but not among Europeans or Native Americans. Our findings support the advantages of analyzing African-admixed populations to discover new genes influencing skin pigmentation.
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Cestari T, Buster K. Photoprotection in specific populations: Children and people of color. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 76:S110-S121. [PMID: 28038884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Improved education on appropriate photoprotection in children is vital. Photoprotection for these individuals should include seeking shade, the use of physical agents (clothing, hat, sunglasses), and application of sunscreens on exposed areas. Avoidance of the use of tanning beds is an important component of education for teenagers. Ultraviolet radiation exposure induces DNA damage and photoaging in all skin types, including people of color. The extent of such damage is inversely related to constitutive skin pigmentation. Therefore, personalized photoprotection recommendations concerning skin cancer risk factors, desired treatment outcomes, health needs (eg, vitamin D), and photoaging based on the needs and preferences of the patient are essential. It is clear that additional research is needed on optimal levels of protection against ultraviolet radiation for people of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Cestari
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Kesha Buster
- Buster Dermatology, Tulsa, Oklahoma; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Chen L, Jin S. Trends in mortality rates of cutaneous melanoma in East Asian populations. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2809. [PMID: 28028475 PMCID: PMC5182992 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has rapidly increased over the past four decades. CM is often overlooked in East Asian populations due to its low incidence, despite East Asia making up 22% of the world’s population. Since the 1990s, Caucasian populations have seen a plateau in CM mortality rates; however, there is little data investigating the mortality rates of CM in East Asian populations. In this study, the World Health Organization Mortality Database with the joinpoint regression method, and a generalized additive model were used to investigate trends in age standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of CM in four East Asia regions (Japan, Republic of Korea (Korea), China: Hong Kong (Hong Kong), and Singapore) over the past six decades. In addition, mortality rate ratios by different variables (i.e., sex, age group, and region) were analyzed. Our results showed ASMRs of CM in East Asia significantly increased non-linearly over the past six decades. The joinpoint regression method indicated women had greater annual percentage changes than men in Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. Men had significantly greater mortality rate ratio (1.51, 95% CI [1.48–1.54]) than women. Mortality rate ratios in 30−59 and 60+ years were significant greater than in the 0−29 years. Compared to Hong Kong, mortality rate ratio was 0.72 (95% CI [0.70–0.74]) times, 0.73 (95% CI [0.70–0.75]) times, and 1.02 (95% CI [1.00–1.05]) times greater in Japan, Korea, and Singapore, respectively. Although there is limited research investigating CM mortality rates in East Asia, results from the present study indicate that there is a significant growth in the ASMRs of CM in East Asian populations, highlighting a need to raise awareness of CM in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Immunotherapy Institutes, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaofei Jin
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , China
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Gupta AK, Bharadwaj M, Mehrotra R. Skin Cancer Concerns in People of Color: Risk Factors and Prevention. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:5257-5264. [PMID: 28125871 PMCID: PMC5454668 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.12.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Though people of color (POC) are less likely to become afflicted with skin cancer, they are much more likely to die from it due to delay in detection or presentation. Very often, skin cancer is diagnosed at a more advanced stage in POC, making treatment difficult.The purpose of this research was to improve awareness regarding skin cancers in people of color by providing recommendations to clinicians and the general public for early detection and photo protection preventive measures. Methods: Data on different types of skin cancers were presented to POC. Due to limited research, there are few resources providing insights for evaluating darkly pigmented lesions in POC. Diagnostic features for different types of skin cancers were recorded and various possible risk factors were considered. Results: This study provided directions for the prevention and early detection of skin cancer in POC based on a comprehensive review of available data. Conclusions: The increased morbidity and mortality rate associated with skin cancer in POC is due to lack of awareness, diagnosis at a more advanced stage and socioeconomic barriers hindering access to care. Raising public health concerns for skin cancer prevention strategies for all people, regardless of ethnic background and socioeconomic status, is the key to timely diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana K Gupta
- Division of Molecular Cytology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (Formerly, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology) (ICMR) Department of Health Research (Govt. of India), India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR), Noida, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Molecular Cytology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (Formerly, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology) (ICMR) Department of Health Research (Govt. of India), India
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Rivera A, Nan H, Li T, Qureshi A, Cho E. Alcohol Intake and Risk of Incident Melanoma: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Studies in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1550-1558. [PMID: 27909090 PMCID: PMC5137801 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of numerous cancers, but existing evidence for an association with melanoma is equivocal. No study has evaluated the association with different anatomic locations of melanoma. METHODS We used data from three large prospective cohort studies to investigate whether alcohol intake was associated with risk of melanoma. Alcohol intake was assessed repeatedly by food-frequency questionnaires. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS A total of 1,374 cases of invasive melanoma were documented during 3,855,706 person-years of follow-up. There was an association between higher alcohol intake and incidence of invasive melanoma (pooled multivariate HR 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.29] per drink/day; Ptrend = 0.04). Among alcoholic beverages, white wine consumption was associated with an increased risk of melanoma (pooled multivariate HR 1.13 [95% CI, 1.04-1.24] per drink/day; Ptrend <0.01) after adjusting for other alcoholic beverages. The association between alcohol consumption and melanoma risk was stronger for melanoma in relatively UV-spared sites (trunk) versus more UV-exposed sites (head, neck, or extremities). Compared with nondrinkers, the pooled multivariate-adjusted HRs for ≥20 g/day of alcohol were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.64-1.62; Ptrend = 0.25) for melanomas of the head, neck, and extremities and 1.73 (95% CI, 1.25-2.38; Ptrend = 0.02) for melanomas of the trunk. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intake was associated with a modest increase in the risk of melanoma, particularly in UV-protected sites. IMPACT These findings further support American Cancer Society Guidelines for Cancer Prevention to limit alcohol intake. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1550-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tricia Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abrar Qureshi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
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42
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Hsieh CF, Chiang YT, Chiu HY, Huang WF. A Nationwide Cohort Study of Actinic Keratosis in Taiwan. INT J GERONTOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Hayes RC, Leonfellner S, Pilgrim W, Liu J, Keeling DN. Incidence of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in New Brunswick, Canada, 1992 to 2001. J Cutan Med Surg 2016; 11:45-52. [PMID: 17374314 DOI: 10.2310/7750.2007.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), collectively referred to as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), cause significant morbidity and generate a substantial cost to the health care system. Canadian data on the incidence of NMSC are lacking. Objective: To study the incidence and characteristics of NMSC in New Brunswick, Canada (population 729,498 people in 2001), by using the Provincial Cancer Registry. Method: Data were obtained from 1992 to 2001 from the New Brunswick Provincial Cancer Registry, to which reporting of all cancers is mandatory. Multiple tumors of a given histologic type are recorded only once in the registry per individual per lifetime. A descriptive analysis of incidence rates of BCC and invasive SCC of the skin was performed in relation to gender, age, and anatomic location. The main outcome measures were the age- and sex-specific incidence rates of BCC and SCC. Age standardization was performed using the Canadian, US, and world standard populations. Results: When adjusted to the world standard population, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100,000 population for BCC from 1992 through 2001 were 87 for males and 68 for females. For invasive SCC, the ASIRs per 100,000 population were 34 for males and 16 for females. There was an increasing incidence trend for both BCC and invasive SCC over the 10-year study period, with minimal change in the incidence of SCC in women. The overall ratio of BCC to invasive SCC in the population was 2.8 to 1. The approximate lifetime probabilities of developing BCC and invasive SCC were 13% and 5%, respectively. Conclusions: The incidence of NMSC in the province of New Brunswick is similar to that reported from 1973 through 1987 in the province of British Columbia, higher than those reported in most parts of Europe, and lower than all published rates in the United States and Australia. Owing to the inability of the registry to account for tumor multiplicity, the actual annual number of all NMSC lesions in this population is likely much higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Hayes
- Atlantic Health Sciences Corporation, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Acculturation, Skin Tone Preferences, and Tanning Behaviours Among Young Adult Asian Australians. J Prim Prev 2016; 37:421-32. [PMID: 27578424 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-016-0442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Australia has a significant proportion of residents of Asian heritage. Although the incidence of skin cancer is lower in those of Asian heritage than Caucasians, their prognosis is often worse. Sociocultural variables are central to the tanning behaviours of individuals from Western cultures. We examined the role of sociocultural variables in the tanning behaviours (outdoor tanning, indoor/solarium and fake tan use) among Asian Australians. A sample of 399 young adults identifying either as a person of Asian heritage or as Asian Australian participated in an online survey. Our results suggest that Asian Australians are at risk of skin cancer; over 35 % of the sample reported engaging in outdoor tanning and over 10 % in solarium tanning. After controlling for demographic factors and skin cancer knowledge, preferring a darker skin tone and being acculturated to Australia were significantly associated with tanning behaviour. Participants' low levels of skin cancer knowledge are of concern, and possibilities for improving knowledge levels in this group are considered. Further, we recommended that future research studies investigate sociocultural and appearance-related beliefs associated with tanning behaviours in this population, in order to determine best avenues for intervention.
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45
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Al-Dawsari NA, Amra N. Pattern of skin cancer among Saudi patients attending a tertiary care center in Dhahran, Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A 20-year retrospective study. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:1396-1401. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasir Amra
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare; Dhahran Saudi Arabia
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46
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Salvaggio C, Han SW, Martires K, Robinson E, Madankumar R, Gumaste P, Polsky D, Stein J, Berman R, Shapiro R, Zhong J, Osman I. Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity on Melanoma Presentation and Recurrence in Caucasian Patients. Oncology 2016; 90:79-87. [PMID: 26840790 DOI: 10.1159/000441524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The impact of ethnicity and the socioeconomic status (SES) among Caucasians is not well studied. Here, we examine the impact of income on melanoma presentation and prognosis within a Caucasian cohort, accounting for ethnicity, as some reports suggest increased melanoma incidence in Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) BRCA mutation carriers. METHODS We studied prospectively enrolled primary melanoma patients at New York University. SES data were estimated using United States' Census Bureau data and patient zip codes. We evaluated associations between ethnicity, SES, and baseline characteristics using the χ² test and multivariate logistic regression. We compared survival distributions using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazard ratios. RESULTS Of the 1,339 enrolled patients, AJ represented 32% (n = 423). Apart from AJ being older at presentation (p < 0.001), no significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics between ethnic groups. Patients with a median household income (MHI) lower than the median of the cohort were significantly more likely to present with advanced stages (p < 0.001) compared to patients with a higher MHI. Shorter overall (p = 0.016) and post-recurrence survival (p = 0.042) was also observed in patients from lower-income households. CONCLUSION Data suggest that disparities in melanoma presentation in Caucasians stratify according to income independent of ethnic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Salvaggio
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA
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Abbas M, Kalia S. Trends in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma) in Canada. J Cutan Med Surg 2015; 20:166-75. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475415610106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite its increased incidence and status as the most prevalent cancer in Canada, there is a paucity of epidemiological data on non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Objective: To assess trends of keratinocyte carcinomas (KC) in Canada over 5 decades. Methods: Articles published from 1960 to 2015 on NMSC in Canada were identified through MEDLINE. Six articles met our search criteria. Results: Overall, KC has increased. However, the rate of increase in the past decade has slowed down and decreased in younger age cohorts. Men had higher incidences of KC. In both sexes, the basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma ratio was ≥2.5:1. Keratinocyte carcinomas were most commonly located on the head and neck, and increasing rates are occurring on the trunk. Limitations: The methods of registering skin cancer cases vary among different provinces. Conclusion: Keratinocyte carcinomas incidence is overall increasing; however, there may be evidence that the incidence is leveling off and decreasing in younger age cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abbas
- Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sunil Kalia
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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48
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Dang L, Wang Y, Xue Y, He L, Li Y, Xiong J. Low-dose UVB irradiation prevents MMP2-induced skin hyperplasia by inhibiting inflammation and ROS. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1478-86. [PMID: 26133107 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy in the world. UV radiation is known as the primary environmental carcinogen responsible for skin cancer development. However, UV radiation is a ubiquitous substance existing in the environment and the physiological effect of UV radiation is consistently ignored. Therefore, in the present study, the physiological effect of UV radiation on inhibition of skin cancer was investigated. Normal mouse skin was processing by no pre-radiation or pre-radiation of low-dose UV before a medium or high dose of UV radiation. We found that the low-dose pre-radiated mouse skin tissue exhibited low skin inflammation, skin ROS production and consequently low skin epithelial hyperplasia after the medium-dose UV radiation compared with the no pre-radiated mouse. However, this inhibition was not indicated in the high-dose UV radiation group after low-dose pre-radiation. Furthermore, western blot analysis and gelatin zymography showed low expression and activation of MMP2 in the skin tissues processed following medium-dose radiation, but not in tissues treated with high-dose radiation after a low-dose pre-radiation. Further investigation of MMP2 inhibitors of TIMP2/TIMP4 showed an upregulated TIMP2 expression, but not TIMP4. Collectively, these data indicate that low-dose pre-radiation attenuates the skin inflammation and ROS production induced by medium-dose UV radiation and also elevates TIMP2 to withstand MMP2, therefore suppressing skin hyperplasia. The present study indicates a novel concept or prophylactic function of moderate UV radiation as a preventative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Xue
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jikui Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Burke MT, Morais C, Oliver KA, Lambie DLJ, Gobe GC, Carroll RP, Staatz CE, Sinnya S, Soyer HP, Winterford C, Haass NK, Campbell SB, Isbel NM. Expression of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in the nonmelanoma skin cancers of renal transplant recipients. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 143:514-26. [PMID: 25780003 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpqnb5wa3plqbk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate how immunosuppression influences the protein expression of antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family-namely, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1-in nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and the peritumoral epidermis of renal transplant recipients. METHODS NMSC and peritumoral epidermis protein expression of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in renal transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus or sirolimus and the general population not receiving immunosuppression. RESULTS NMSC from renal transplant recipients compared with patients not receiving immunosuppressant medications had a reduced Bcl-xL expression intensity (P = .042). Mcl-1 expression intensity in NMSC was decreased in tacrolimus-treated patients compared with sirolimus-treated patients and the nonimmunosuppressed population (P = .024). Bcl-xL expression intensity was increased in peritumoral epidermis compared with NMSC (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS It was shown for the first time that Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression are widespread in the peritumoral epidermis and NMSC of renal transplant recipients. Importantly in NMSC, Bcl-xL expression was reduced with immunosuppression exposure, and Mcl-1 expression was reduced in tacrolimus-treated compared with sirolimus-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Burke
- Department of Renal Medicine, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kimberley A. Oliver
- Department of Pathology, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Duncan L. J. Lambie
- IQ Pathology, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda C. Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert P. Carroll
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Sudipta Sinnya
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clay Winterford
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nikolas K. Haass
- The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott B. Campbell
- Department of Renal Medicine, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole M. Isbel
- Department of Renal Medicine, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Ghanadan A, Abdollahi P, Rabet M, Naraghi Z, Abbasi MA, Moslehi H, Abbasi A. Different Anatomical Distribution of Basal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes in Iranian Population: Association between Site and Subtype. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:559-63. [PMID: 25324646 PMCID: PMC4198581 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.5.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of human cancer. Despite the high prevalence of these tumors, there is a lack of reliable epidemiological data in some regions including Iran. Objective To assess the relationship between BCC subtypes and anatomical distribution in the Iranian population. Methods There were 876 patients with a single BCC enrolled in this study (March 2007 to March 2010; Razi Dermatology Center, Tehran, Iran). Results Among 876 patients, 544 were males and 332 females. Of the lesions, 43% were nodular, 32.4% mixed type, 3% superficial and rest of other subtypes. In the lesion location, 58.2% were on the face, 29.2% on scalp, 6.2% on ears, 2.3% on neck, 1.7% on trunk and 1.3% on the extremities. There was no significant difference between male and female in the BCC subtypes, but anatomical distribution of the tumor was different (p=0.002). Most of the trunk-arising BCCs were superficial, and most of the facial BCCs were nodular subtype. Also, most of the BCC subtypes occurred in patients between 40 to 80 years old and mostly on the face and scalp (p=0.04). However, superficial BCCs mostly occurred in younger patients over others (p=0.001). Conclusion Subtype is associated with a site, independent of gender or age. Also BCCs occurring on the trunk are mostly of the superficial subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghanadan
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pejman Abdollahi
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Rabet
- Department of Dermatology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Naraghi
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Abbasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayun Moslehi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ata Abbasi
- Department of Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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