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Printsev I, Alalli E, Bilsborough J. The Opposite Functions of CD30 Ligand Isoforms. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2741-2756. [PMID: 38534788 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TNFSF8/CD30 ligand is a TNF superfamily member expressed on several major immune cell types, including activated monocytes, B, and T cells. The signaling of CD30 ligand through its cognate CD30 receptor has been shown to have effects on cell differentiation, cell death/survival, and cytokine production. The signaling pair has been implicated in hematopoietic malignancies and inflammatory disease, and a chemotherapy-CD30 antibody combination for the treatment of Hodgkin and other lymphomas has been developed. There are two recorded isoforms of CD30 ligand. All hitherto studies of CD30 ligand are of the first, canonical isoform, while the second isoform has never been described. This study aims to elucidate the properties and signaling functions of the second CD30 ligand isoform. We have found mRNA expression of both isoforms in the PBMCs of all six healthy donors tested. Through methods in cell biology and biochemistry, we were able to discover that the second CD30 ligand isoform has no discernable pro-inflammatory function and, in fact, isoform 2 can restrict the capacity of the canonical isoform to signal through the CD30 receptor by preventing their interaction. This discovery has implications for the future development of therapeutics targeting the CD30/CD30 ligand signaling pair in cancer and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignat Printsev
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Elyas Alalli
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Janine Bilsborough
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Fabian O, Klocperk A, Lerchova T, Jencova P, Stolova L, Belhajova M, Voriskova D, Kazeka D, Vicha A, Hradsky O, Bronsky J. Serum and Mucosal CD30 in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Useful Biomarker for Diagnosis and Disease Activity Monitoring? Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:460-470. [PMID: 36056999 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) frequently manifest in pediatric age, but may have atypical clinical, histological and laboratory features. Their underlying immune pathophysiology is incompletely understood, rendering quick diagnosis followed by tailored therapy difficult. The tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptor CD30 has been proposed as a potential marker of ulcerative colitis (UC) and has also been associated with elevated Th2 helper T cells. METHODS A cohort of pediatric patients with UC and Crohn's disease (CD) was evaluated for serum soluble CD30 (sCD30) using ELISA and expression of CD30 and subpopulations of Th1/Th2/Th17 lymphocytes in the gastrointestinal mucosa using flow cytometry (FCM). The dataset is supported by endoscopic and microscopic activity of the disease and basic laboratory markers of inflammation. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 102 observations from 94 patients. sCD30 levels did not differ between patients with CD or UC. However, sCD30 levels correlated with levels of CRP, ESR, fecal calprotectin and albumin and also with clinical activity of the disease in patients with both UC and CD. FCM was not helpful in evaluation of mucosal CD30, which was lowly expressed and not associated with the diagnosis or disease activity. We show augmented Th2 and Th1/17 response in terminal ileum and right-sided colon and decreased Th1/17 response in left-sided colon of UC patients. T lymphocyte subsets were also affected by anti-TNF treatment and patients' age. CONCLUSIONS Neither sCD30 nor mucosal CD30 expression was helpful in differentiating between UC and CD. sCD30 seems to reflect a degree of systemic inflammation and clinical activity in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Fabian
- Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, 140 21, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 3Rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Videnska 800, Prague 4, 140 59, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Klocperk
- Department of Immunology, 2Nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Lerchova
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, 2Nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jencova
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2Nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Stolova
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2Nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Belhajova
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2Nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Voriskova
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2Nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Denis Kazeka
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, 2Nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Vicha
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2Nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hradsky
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, 2Nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bronsky
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, 2Nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
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Miyazu T, Ishida N, Asai Y, Tamura S, Tani S, Yamade M, Hamaya Y, Iwaizumi M, Osawa S, Furuta T, Baba S, Sugimoto K. Importance of eosinophilic infiltration of the colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis patients who are refractory to maintenance therapy: A prospective, single-center study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31017. [PMID: 36221337 PMCID: PMC9542815 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic infiltration is sometimes observed histologically in ulcerative colitis (UC), but the effect of the degree of infiltration on the treatment course for UC is not completely understood. We investigated whether short-term steroid administration in UC patients refractory to maintenance therapy, with high eosinophilic infiltration in the colonic mucosa, contributed to the clinical and endoscopic improvement. Ten patients with endoscopically active and pathologically high eosinophilic infiltration, based on pathological examination using endoscopic biopsy, were examined for the clinical background when starting steroid treatment. The clinical and endoscopic improvement before and after steroid use were assessed prospectively. The average initial steroid dosage and duration of use were 21.0 mg and 102.7 days, respectively. The mean values before and after steroid use of the clinical activity index, the Mayo endoscopic subscore, and the UC endoscopic index of severity were 2.4 and 1.0, 1.8 and 0.7, and 3.9 and 1.1, respectively. All scores improved significantly after steroid use (P = .042, P = .002, P = .002, respectively). Steroids were discontinued in all patients; no patients required steroid re-administration. There may be cases of UC with eosinophilic infiltration into the colonic mucosa and resistance to maintenance treatment, suggesting that short-term steroid administration may contribute to clinical and endoscopic improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Miyazu
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ishida
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Asai
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamura
- Department of Endoscopic and Photodynamic Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shinya Tani
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mihoko Yamade
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hamaya
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Moriya Iwaizumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Osawa
- Department of Endoscopic and Photodynamic Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furuta
- Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ken Sugimoto, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan (e-mail: )
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Immunohistochemical Assessment of CD30+ Lymphocytes in the Intestinal Mucosa Facilitates Diagnosis of Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2018. [PMID: 29541900 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remains challenging. We aimed at the value of immunohistochemical assessment of CD30+ lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa in differential diagnosis between pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and its utility as a predictor of future differentiation in patients with IBD unclassified (IBDU). METHODS Seventy-four treatment naive pediatric patients with IBD (33 CD, 30 UC and 11 IBDU) were enrolled into the study. Biopsy samples from six different regions (terminal ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and rectum) were immunohistochemically stained with anti-CD30 antibody, and the number of positive cells per one high power field was quantified. RESULTS Significant differences between CD and UC were found when compared total counts of CD30+ cells in median numbers, mean values and maximal numbers and also for separate counts in terminal ileum, transverse colon, descending colon and rectum. The most profound difference between CD and UC was shown for total median values of CD30+ cells and for the values in rectal localization. The difference was independent on the intensity of inflammation. A cutoff value of 2.5 CD30+ cells with sensitivity 83% and specificity 90% was found for the rectum. There was no difference between patients with CD and IBDU, but a marked difference between UC and IBDU patients was revealed. CONCLUSION Histopathological assessment of biopsy with rectal CD30+ count is reliable and simple method that could help in differential diagnosis among IBD subtypes in children with IBD.
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Uzzan M. Concise Commentary: Calling in Your Marker-Rectal CD30-Positive Cells Differentiate Ulcerative Colitis from Crohn's Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:1819-1820. [PMID: 29721774 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Uzzan
- Department of Gastroenterology and IBD Unit, Hopital Beaujon, Service de Gastroenterologie, APHP, 100 Bd du General Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France.
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CD30 Is Highly Expressed in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Induces the Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3261436. [PMID: 29984229 PMCID: PMC6015698 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3261436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the common and underdiagnosed diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. The development of COPD can lead to pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension, further causing the occurrence of pulmonary heart disease. Therefore, attenuation of pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension caused by COPD can significantly delay cardiovascular complications. In the study, we firstly found that the expression of CD30 and CD30L was increased in COPD. Importantly, the serum CD30L levels were significantly higher in patients with stable COPD relative to those with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). This suggested that CD30 might be related to the development of COPD. In addition, we found that the expression of CD30 in the COPD rat model was significantly increased compared with control group. And treatment with the anti-CD30 antibody reduced the serum concentration and tissue expression of CD30 in rat. Importantly, anti-CD30 antibody alleviated pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD model rats. This suggested that CD30 played an important role in the course of COPD. Finally, we found that, in the HPASMC and HPAEC cell lines, CD30 can affect the cell viability and cell migration and inhibited hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. We also found CD30 induced extracellular matrix formation through decreasing the expression of MMP-2, thus promoting the pulmonary vascular remodeling. The study indicated that CD30 and CD30L were involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling and inflammatory response in COPD. Altogether, CD30 might be a marker for the early diagnosis and progression of COPD.
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Hisamatsu T, Erben U, Kühl AA. The Role of T-Cell Subsets in Chronic Inflammation in Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: More Common Mechanisms or More Differences? Inflamm Intest Dis 2016; 1:52-62. [PMID: 29922658 DOI: 10.1159/000445133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic intestinal inflammation due to noninfectious causes represents a growing health issue all over the world. Celiac disease as well as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) like Crohn's disease and ulcerative and microscopic colitis involve uncontrolled T-cell activation and T-cell-mediated damage as common denominators. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment decisions clearly benefit from the knowledge of the intricacies of the systemic and the local T-cell activity. Summary Depending on the cytokine milieu, CD4+ T cells can differentiate into proinflammatory T helper 1 (Th1), anti-inflammatory Th2, antimicrobial Th17, pleiotropic Th9, tissue-instructing Th22 cells, and in the regulatory compartment forkhead box protein 3+ Treg, suppressive Tr1 or Th3 cells. Additionally, follicular Th cells provide B-cell help in antibody class switching; cytotoxic CD8+ T cells target virus-infected or tumor cells. This review discusses our current knowledge on the contribution of defined T-cell subpopulations to establishing and maintaining chronic intestinal inflammation in either of the above entities. It also puts emphasis on the differences in the prevalence of these diseases between Eastern and Western countries. Key Messages In celiac disease, the driving role of T cells in the lamina propria and in the epithelium mainly specific for two defined antigens is well established. Differences in genetics and lifestyle between Western and Eastern countries were instrumental in understanding underlying mechanisms. In IBD, the vast amount of potential antigens and the corresponding antigen-specific T cells makes it unlikely to find universal triggers. Increased mucosal CD4+ regulatory T cells in all four entities fail to control or abrogate local inflammatory processes. Thus, prevailing differences in the functional T-cell subtypes driving chronic intestinal inflammation in celiac disease and IBD at best allow some overlap in the treatment options for either disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ulrike Erben
- Medical Department (Gastroenterology/Infectious Diseases/Rheumatology), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Research Center ImmunoSciences, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Medical Department (Gastroenterology/Infectious Diseases/Rheumatology), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Research Center ImmunoSciences, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Flores C, Francesconi CF, Meurer L. Quantitative assessment of CD30+ lymphocytes and eosinophils for the histopathological differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis 2015; 9:763-8. [PMID: 26048916 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The histopathological discrimination of Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] can be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate if quantification of CD30(+) lymphocytes and eosinophils in histopathological material improves the accuracy of diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS A total of 156 patients were diagnosed with IBD by a gastroenterologist and corroborated by 5 years of follow-up. Patients were treatment naïve at the time of biopsy. Samples were taken from diseased areas of the colon and examined by a gastrointestinal pathologist. RESULTS The median number of eosinophils in biopsies from affected segments was 42/high power field [hpf] [25.5-63.5] in CD and 98/hpf [67-123] in UC [p < 0.001]. Biopsies containing ≥ 70 eosinophils/hpf field had a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 71% for the diagnosis of UC ({area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.767 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.696-0.838)}. There was a median of three CD30(+) cells/hpf [range 2-6] in diseased CD biopsies and 33 cells/hpf [24-52] in diseased UC biopsies [p < 0.001]. The cut-off determined by the ROC curve was 15 (sensitivity 97.4%, specificity 97.4%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 17.1, Negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.03, area under the curve [AUC]: 0.978; 95% CI 0.95310.999). CONCLUSIONS Routine histopathological assessment with quantification of CD30+ cells is highly accurate at discriminating CD and UC. All the measured parameters are easy to perform, low-cost, and available in most pathological laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Flores
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Carlos Fernando Francesconi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Luíse Meurer
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Abstract
The FDA recently approved an agonistic anti-CD30 drug conjugate, Brentuximab vedotin, for the treatment for CD30-positive lymphomas. The potent clinical activity of Brentuximab vedotin in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma was greeted with great enthusiasm by oncologists as it provided a new treatment modality for these diseases. In this review, we will describe how we obtained the hybridoma by pursuing a basic research experiment unrelated to CD30. I will also review what we know about the normal biological functions of CD30 that were studied primarily in murine models of disease but also in patients. The picture emerging is that one of the primary functions of CD30 is the control of memory cells providing costimulation and trafficking information or inducing apoptosis in a microenvironment and cytokine milieu-dependent manner.
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Somada S, Muta H, Nakamura K, Sun X, Honda K, Ihara E, Akiho H, Takayanagi R, Yoshikai Y, Podack ER, Tani K. CD30 ligand/CD30 interaction is involved in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:2031-7. [PMID: 22451116 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although CD30 has long been recognized as an important marker in many lymphomas of diverse origin, and as an activation molecule on B and T cells, its primary function has remained obscure. Soluble CD30 (sCD30) is released from CD30 on the cell membrane by enzymatic cleavage. This study investigated the role of CD30 ligand (CD30L)/CD30 signals in intestinal mucosal damage. METHODS Serum sCD30 in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and healthy individuals was assessed. A model of enteritis induced by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody injection was studied in wild-type mice and in CD30L knockout mice. RESULTS Increased sCD30 was observed in UC and CD patients, and the level was correlated with disease activity in both conditions. In a murine model of enteritis, histological intestinal damage was significantly reduced in CD30L knockout mice with decreased Th1 and Th17 cytokine levels. Moreover, blocking of CD30L/CD30 signals by CD30-immunoglobulin (CD30-Ig) resulted in reduced inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Increased sCD30 expression correlating with disease activity suggested that CD30L/CD30 signals play an important role in pathogenesis of UC and CD. CD30L/CD30 pathway acts as an accelerator of enteritis in a murine disease model. Successful blockade of enteritis by CD30-Ig suggests a potential tool for future therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Somada
- Department of Advanced Molecular and Cell Therapy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Abstract
Restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the operation of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis. Pouchitis is the most common cause of pouch dysfunction. Although the pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood, bacteria have been implicated in the disease process. Numerous bacterial studies have been reported over the last 25 years with few unifying findings. In addition, many different treatments for pouchitis have been reported with varying results. Antibiotic treatment remains the most studied and is the mainstay of treatment. In this article we review the aetiology of pouchitis and the evidenced-based treatment options.
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Sun X, Somada S, Shibata K, Muta H, Yamada H, Yoshihara H, Honda K, Nakamura K, Takayanagi R, Tani K, Podack ER, Yoshikai Y. A critical role of CD30 ligand/CD30 in controlling inflammatory bowel diseases in mice. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:447-58. [PMID: 18242212 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A CD30-ligand (CD30L) is a 40-kilodalton, type II membrane-associated glycoprotein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family. Serum levels of soluble CD30 increased in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), suggesting that CD30L/CD30 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this study, we investigated the role of CD30L in oxazolone (OXA)- and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in CD30L knockout (KO) mice. METHODS Colitis was induced by OXA or TNBS in CD30LKO mice with BALB/c or C57BL/6 background, respectively, and diverse clinical signs of the disease were evaluated. Cytokine production from lamina propria T cells of the colon was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-interleukin (IL)-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or agonistic anti-CD30 mAb was inoculated in mice with colitis induced by OXA or TNBS. RESULTS CD30LKO mice were susceptible to OXA-induced colitis but resistant to TNBS-induced acute colitis. The levels of T helper cell 2 type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 in the LP T cells were significantly higher, but the levels of interferon gamma were lower in OXA- or TNBS-treated CD30LKO mice than in wild-type mice. In vivo administration of agonistic anti-CD30 mAb ameliorated OXA-induced colitis but aggravated TNBS-induced colitis in CD30LKO mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CD30L/CD30 signaling is involved in development of both OXA- and TNBS-induced colitis. Modulation of CD30L/CD30 signaling by mAb could be a novel biologic therapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Rezaei N, Haji-Molla-Hoseini M, Aghamohammadi A, Pourfathollah AA, Moghtadaie M, Pourpak Z. Increased serum levels of soluble CD30 in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and its clinical implications. J Clin Immunol 2007; 28:78-84. [PMID: 17912490 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-007-9135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to recurrent pyogenic infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Twenty-five cases with CVID (18 male and 7 female) and 25 healthy volunteers were investigate in this study. Soluble CD30 (sCD30) serum levels of the subjects were measured and compared. Serum levels of sCD30 in the patients with CVID were significantly increased in comparison with controls (36.93 +/- 32.38 vs 5.27 +/- 1.32 U/ml, P < 0.001). The group of patients with splenomegaly and reversed ratio of CD3+CD4+ T cells/CD3+CD8+ T cells had the highest serum levels of sCD30 (66.01 +/- 43.34 U/ml) in comparison with other patients (P = 0.010). High levels of sCD30 in the CVID patients with splenomegaly and the presence of lymphoma in a patient with the highest level of sCD30 may suggest a soluble form of this marker as a prognostic tool in such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Rezaei
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, no. 62, Dr. Gharib St, Keshavarz Blvd, P.O. Box 14185-863 Tehran, 14194, Iran.
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Abstract
Ligands and receptors in the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamilies have been the subject of extensive investigation over the past 10-15 years. For certain TNFR family members, such as Fas and CD40, some of the consequences of receptor ligation were predicted before the identification and cloning of their corresponding ligands through in vitro functional studies using agonistic receptor-specific antibodies. For other members of the TNFR family, including CD30, cross-linking the receptor with specific antibodies failed to yield many clues about the functional significance of the relevant ligand-receptor interactions. In many instances, the subsequent availability of TNF family ligands in the form of recombinant protein facilitated the determination of biological consequences of interactions with their relevant receptor in both in vitro and in vivo settings. In the case of CD30 ligand (CD30L; CD153), definition of its biological role remained frustratingly elusive. Early functional studies using CD30L+ cells or agonistic CD30-specific antibodies logically focused attention on cell types that had been shown to express CD30, namely certain lymphoid malignancies and subsets of activated T cells. However, it was not immediately clear how the reported activities from these in vitro studies relate to the biological activity of CD30L in the more complex whole animal setting. Recently, results from in vivo models involving CD30 or CD30L gene disruption, CD30L overexpression, or pharmacological blockade of CD30/CD30L interactions have begun to provide clues about the role played by CD30L in immunological processes. In this review we consider the reported biology of CD30L and focus on results from several recent studies that point to an important role for CD30/CD30L interactions in humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Kennedy
- Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA 98119-3105, USA
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Ashizuka S, Ishikawa N, Kato J, Yamaga J, Inatsu H, Eto T, Kitamura K. Effect of adrenomedullin administration on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Peptides 2005; 26:2610-5. [PMID: 15978699 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) administered intracolonically ameliorated the severity of acetic acid-induced colonic ulceration in rats. Ulcers were induced by subserosal injection of acetic acid into the colon. AM-treated group was administered 0.25-1.0 microg of AM in 0.5 ml of saline intracolonically once a day; the control group received only saline. AM administration dose-dependently and significantly reduced the size of the ulcerative lesions, the associated edema, and the infiltration of the affected area by inflammatory cells. AM also reduced tissue levels of interleukin-6, but not interferon-gamma. AM reduces the severity of acetic acid-induced colitis in rats, probably by inhibiting the production and/or release of Th-2 cell-derived factors such as interleukin-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ashizuka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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16
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Gough MD, Ackroyd R, Majeed AW, Bird NC. Prediction of malignant potential in reflux disease: are cytokine polymorphisms important? Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:1012-8. [PMID: 15842572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esophageal reflux is common in the Western world and can lead to a number of diseases, such as esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma. Barrett's predisposes to adenocarcinoma and endoscopic surveillance may lead to earlier detection of adenocarcinoma. However, clinical methods only identify one patient in 15 with Barrett's esophagus. The aim of this study was to find factors that may help identify patients with Barrett's earlier. METHODS Blood samples and detailed histories were taken from 456 patients with gastroesophageal reflux who were recruited into three study groups: esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus without dysplasia, and Barrett's with dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. PCR was used to determine the frequency of five functional cytokine polymorphisms: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist position +2018 (IL-1 Ra +2018), interleukin-1 beta position -511 (IL-1 beta-511), tumor necrosis factor-alpha position -238 (TNF-alpha-238), interleukin-10 position +1082 (IL-10 +1082), and interleukin-4 receptor position -1902 (IL-4R -1902). RESULTS IL-1 Ra +2018 genotype 2/2 was associated with Barrett's more commonly than esophagitis (OR-3.7, p= 0.0345). The IL-10 +1082 genotype 2/2 was more strongly associated with Barrett's and adenocarcinoma than esophagitis (OR-1.76, p= 0.056 and OR 1.96, p= 0.025, respectively). There were no differences for the IL-1 beta-511, IL-4R -1902, and TNF-alpha-238 polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS Cytokine polymorphisms are more commonly found in patients with Barrett's or adenocarcinoma than those with esophagitis. Together with demographic data, this may help identify those patients with Barrett's who would benefit from surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Gough
- Academic Surgical Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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17
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Østensen M, Förger F, Nelson JL, Schuhmacher A, Hebisch G, Villiger PM. Pregnancy in patients with rheumatic disease: anti-inflammatory cytokines increase in pregnancy and decrease post partum. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 64:839-44. [PMID: 15539410 PMCID: PMC1755520 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.029538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in the levels of circulating cytokines with a focus on the Th1/Th2 balance during and after pregnancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS Plasma and serum samples of 34 pregnant patients, 19 with RA, 6 with JIA, and 9 with AS, and of 30 healthy pregnant women, 20 non-pregnant patients, and 10 non-pregnant healthy women were analysed for levels of interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL10, IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR), and soluble CD30 (sCD30) by ELISA. Clinical assessment and blood sampling in pregnant women was done once in each trimester and 6, 12, and 24 weeks post partum. Disease activity in the patients was evaluated by validated clinical instruments and correlated with circulating levels of cytokines. RESULTS Low levels of IL10 were found sporadically, whereas IFNgamma and IL1beta were below detection level in the samples tested. Significantly higher concentrations of sTNFR and IL1Ra were measured in pregnant than in non-pregnant subjects. An increase of IL1Ra from the second to the third trimester correlated with improvement of disease activity in patients with RA and AS. Compared with non-pregnant patients and the other pregnant women, patients with RA showed markedly raised levels of sCD30 during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS IFNgamma and IL10, markers of a Th1 and Th2 response, respectively, were either low or undetectable in the cohorts analysed. The increase of cytokine inhibitors IL1Ra and sTNFR was related to pregnancy and was independent of an underlying disease. These anti-inflammatory mediators seem to affect disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Østensen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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18
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Matsuzaki K, Hokari R, Kato S, Tsuzuki Y, Tanaka H, Kurihara C, Iwai A, Kawaguchi A, Nagao S, Itoh K, Nagata K, Miura S. Differential expression of CCR5 and CRTH2 on infiltrated cells in colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 18:1081-8. [PMID: 12911667 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.03088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is unclear, but abnormal infiltration of T lymphocytes in the colonic mucosa has been implicated in the mucosal tissue damage. The abnormal cytokine production because of a T helper (h)1/Th2 imbalance may play an important role in continuing inflammation in the colonic mucosa. In the present study, the expression of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) as a Th1 marker and a chemoattractant receptor-homologs molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) were investigated in order to analyze impaired Th1/Th2 responses in the colonic mucosa of UC patients. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained by colonic biopsies from patients with UC or colonic polyps, with informed consent. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on periodate, lysine-paraformaldehyde-fixed serial cryostat sections using the labeled streptavidin biotin method. Monoclonal antibodies against CD4, CCR5 or CRTH2 were used as primary antibodies. The number of cells expressing CD4, CCR5 or CRTH2 per unit area was calculated by using an image analyzer. RESULTS In the patients with UC, the numbers of CD4- and CCR5-positive cells were significantly increased in inflamed mucosa, and appeared to be correlated with the disease activity. The infiltration of CRTH2-positive cells was predominantly observed in the mildly inflamed or the margin of inflamed mucosa of UC patients. CONCLUSION There is a possibility that Th1 responses significantly occur in colonic mucosa with severe inflammation, while Th2 responses mainly occur with mild inflammation in UC patients. The Th1/Th2 imbalance in colonic mucosa may be related to the disease progression of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsuzaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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19
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Niess JH, Mönnikes H, Dignass AU, Klapp BF, Arck PC. Review on the influence of stress on immune mediators, neuropeptides and hormones with relevance for inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion 2002; 65:131-40. [PMID: 12138318 DOI: 10.1159/000064933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stress has long been postulated to influence the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our current understanding of the relationship between stress and IBD is still limited, and hence explanation for the occurrence of relapses has remained largely speculative. Stress affects the immune system, the neuroendocrine system and the intestinal epithelia. Stress induces the release of pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines and neuropeptides, such as tachykinins. Thereby, stress may induce alterations of the intestinal epithelium via the interaction of the neuroendocrine and immune system and may induce relapses of IBD. The present review focuses on this network and highlights the role of distinct mediators and mechanisms, i.e. neurotransmitters, hormones and immune cells, which are involved in the response to stress on the one hand, and contribute to the onset, progression or relapses of IBD on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Niess
- Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Fitzgerald RC, Onwuegbusi BA, Bajaj-Elliott M, Saeed IT, Burnham WR, Farthing MJG. Diversity in the oesophageal phenotypic response to gastro-oesophageal reflux: immunological determinants. Gut 2002; 50:451-9. [PMID: 11889061 PMCID: PMC1773186 DOI: 10.1136/gut.50.4.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2001] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Approximately 10% of adults experience gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms with a variable oesophageal response. A total of 60% have no endoscopic abnormality, 30% have oesophagitis, and 10% have Barrett's oesophagus. We investigated whether the inflammatory cell infiltrate and cytokine profiles of these clinical phenotypes merely vary in severity or are fundamentally different. METHODS Patients with reflux symptoms and a normal oesophagus (n=18), oesophagitis (n=26), and Barrett's oesophagus (n=22 newly diagnosed, n=28 surveillance) were recruited. Endoscopic and histopathological degrees of inflammation were scored. Cytokine expression was determined by competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In oesophagitis, endoscopic and histopathological grades of inflammation correlated highly. mRNA expression of proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were increased 3-10-fold compared with non-inflamed squamous or Barrett's oesophageal samples. There was a modest increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10 but no increase in IL-4. In Barrett's oesophagus, 29/50 had no endoscopic evidence of inflammation and histopathological inflammation was mild in 17/50 and moderate in 24/50, independent of acid suppressants. Expression of IL-1beta, IL-8, and IFN-gamma was similar to non-inflamed squamous mucosa. IL-10 was increased 1.6-fold similar to oesophagitis. IL-4 was increased fourfold, with 100-fold increase in IL-4/T cell receptor expression, compared with squamous oesophagus or oesophagitis. CONCLUSIONS Barrett's oesophagus is characterised by a distinct Th-2 predominant cytokine profile compared with the proinflammatory nature of oesophagitis. The specific oesophageal immune responses may influence disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Fitzgerald
- Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK.
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21
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Keane NM, Price P, Lee S, Stone SF, French MA. An evaluation of serum soluble CD30 levels and serum CD26 (DPPIV) enzyme activity as markers of type 2 and type 1 cytokines in HIV patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 126:111-6. [PMID: 11678906 PMCID: PMC1906164 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates serum CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DPPIV) enzyme activity and serum levels of soluble CD30 as markers of T1 and T2 cytokine environments in HIV patients who achieved immune reconstitution after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Patients who had experienced inflammatory disease associated with pre-existent opportunistic infections after HAART (immune restoration diseases, IRD) were considered separately. Serum sCD30 levels and CD26 (DPPIV) enzyme activity were compared with IFN-gamma production by PBMC cultured with cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen in controls and patient groups. High sCD30 levels were associated with low IFN-gamma production after antigenic stimulation in control subjects and, to a lesser extent, in immune reconstituted HIV patients. There was no association between serum CD26 (DPPIV) enzyme activity and IFN-gamma production or sCD30 levels. Serum sCD30 levels and CD26 (DPPIV) enzyme activity were significantly increased in immune reconstituted patients with high HIV viral loads. Patients who had experienced CMV retinitis as an IRD had significantly higher sCD30 levels than all other patient groups. Hence, high sCD30 levels may be a marker of a T2 cytokine environment in HIV patients with immune reconstitution and are associated with higher HIV viral loads and a history of CMV associated IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Keane
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Biochemical Genetics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- S Opat
- University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge
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23
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Hayashi T, Ishida T, Motoya S, Itoh F, Takahashi T, Hinoda Y, Imai K. Mucins and immune reactions to mucins in ulcerative colitis. Digestion 2001; 63 Suppl 1:28-31. [PMID: 11173906 DOI: 10.1159/000051907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease of undetermined etiology. Mucins, mainly produced by goblet cells, protect colon cells from various kinds of stress. Alteration in the quality or quantity of mucins may be the cause of the disease. Another possible cause is immune reactions to colonic cells. Anti-MUC1 antibodies were detected in the sera of patients with UC. Antibodies would destroy the colonic cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We reviewed the significance of mucins as well as humoral and cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hayashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
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24
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Gerli R, Lunardi C, Vinante F, Bistoni O, Pizzolo G, Pitzalis C. Role of CD30+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis: a counter-regulatory paradigm for Th1-driven diseases. Trends Immunol 2001; 22:72-7. [PMID: 11286706 DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4906(00)01829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD30 has been proposed to identify Th0/2-type clones. However, the in vivo relevance of this finding is still a matter of debate, as high serum levels of soluble CD30 have been found in both Th1- and Th2- dominated disorders. Among these, rheumatoid arthritis represents a condition where the Th1 predominance is combined with the presence of CD30(+) T-cell activity, particularly in specific stages of the disease. This article discusses the hypothesis that CD30(+) T cells might play a counter-regulatory role at sites of inflammation in Th1-mediated conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gerli
- Section of Internal Medicine and Oncological Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for the Study of Rheumatic Diseases, University of Perugia, I-06122, Perugia, Italy
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25
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Mandal A, Mayberry J. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a new test for differentiating ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease? Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:271-3. [PMID: 11232662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Fitzgerald RC, Farthing MJ. The pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus: a process in continuum or discontinuum. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2000; 2:421-4. [PMID: 11079041 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-000-0001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R C Fitzgerald
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Southpark Terrace, Glasgow G12 8LG, Scotland
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27
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Spieker T, Herbst H. Distribution and phenotype of Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells in inflammatory bowel disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2000; 157:51-7. [PMID: 10880375 PMCID: PMC1850210 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of colon mucosa, particularly in inflammatory bowel diseases. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are thought to differ in T-helper lymphocyte composition and cytokine secretion patterns. Some of the implicated cytokines are growth factors for EBV-infected cells. We examined colon mucosa for differences in the distribution and phenotype of EBV-infected cells. Colon tissues with Crohn's disease (n = 31) or ulcerative colitis (n = 25) and controls (n = 60) were characterized by in situ hybridization and immunohistology for six EBV gene products as indicators of latent and replicative EBV infection. The cells were additionally phenotyped by combined detection of the EBV transcripts and B- or T-cell antigens. B lymphocytes predominated as the site of latent EBV infection in the colon and were most numerous in ulcerative colitis. In active ulcerative colitis, EBV-positive lymphocytes accumulated under and within the epithelium and displayed evidence for replicative infection. The patterns of mucosal EBV gene expression indicate local impairment of virus-specific T-cell responses in active ulcerative colitis. Detection of EBV may help to discriminate between active ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory bowel diseases. Colon mucosa is a potential site of EBV replication and may be relevant for EBV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Spieker
- Institute of Pathology, the Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Matsushita M, Tsuchiya N, Nakayama T, Ohashi J, Shibue T, Shiota M, Oka T, Yamane A, Tokunaga K. Allele typing of human TNFA 5'-flanking region using polymerase chain reaction-preferential homoduplex formation assay (PCR-PHFA): linkage disequilibrium with HLA class I and class II genes in Japanese. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1999; 54:478-84. [PMID: 10599887 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.1999.540505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha plays a substantial role in a number of conditions such as inflammation, autoimmunity, insulin resistance and sleep. Three new single nucleotide polymorphisms, -1,031 T/C, -863 C/A and -857 T/C, were recently identified in the upstream 5'-flanking region of TNFA in the Japanese population. In the present study, we developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-preferential homoduplex formation assay for the single-step allele typing of TNFA, and determined the genotypes of 271 healthy unrelated Japanese individuals. Four haplotypes, -1,031/-863/-857 TCC, TCT, CAC and CCC, were found to constitute the majority, if not all, of the TNFA alleles of healthy Japanese population. These alleles were designated as TNFA-U01, -U02 -U03 and -U04, respectively, in the order of frequency. Based on HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 genotypes together with TNFA genotypes, multi-locus haplotypes were analyzed. Significant positive associations were observed between TNFA-U01 and A*3303, B*5201, B*4403, B*4601, B*0702, DRB1*1502, DRB1*0101, DRB1*1302, between TNFA-U02 and B*5401, B*3501, DRB1*0405, DRB1*0407, between TNFA-U03 and B*4006, B*4002, DRB1*0803, DRB1*0802, DRB1*0403, DRB1*0901, and between TNFA-U04 and B*4801. Four-locus haplotype estimation revealed that A*3303-B*4403-TNFA-U01-DRB1*1302, A*2402-B*5201-TNFA-U01-DRB1*1502 and A*2402-B*5401-TNFA-U02-DRB1*0405 constitute major extended haplotypes in Japanese. Interestingly, TNFA alleles previously shown to have a higher promoter activity (U02, U03) were found to form haplotypes with certain DRB1 alleles associated with T helper 1 (Th1)-dominant diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and Crohn's disease in Japanese. In contrast, TNFA allele with a low promoter activity (U01) is in linkage disequilibrium with the DRB1 alleles associated with T helper 2 (Th2)-dominant diseases such as atopic dermatitis and ulcerative colitis. These observations raise the possibility that TNFA upstream promoter region polymorphisms contribute to some of the HLA-disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsushita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Csernok E, Trabandt A, Müller A, Wang GC, Moosig F, Paulsen J, Schnabel A, Gross WL. Cytokine profiles in Wegener's granulomatosis: predominance of type 1 (Th1) in the granulomatous inflammation. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1999; 42:742-50. [PMID: 10211889 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199904)42:4<742::aid-anr18>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a specific cytokine pattern (type 1 [Th1] or type 2 [Th2]) predominates in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), by evaluating interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) expression in different compartments of the body (i.e., biopsied nasal mucosal tissue [NBS], bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] fluid, and peripheral blood [PB]) and comparing the findings with those in disease and healthy control subjects. METHODS Competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to assess IFNgamma and IL-4 expression in T cell clones (TCC), T cell lines (TCL), and polyclonal CD4+ and CD8+ cells derived from NBS, BAL, and PB. RESULTS Patients with WG and chronic rhinitis were found to share in situ production of messenger RNA (mRNA) specific for IFNgamma (Th1). Only 2 patients with WG expressed IL-4, whereas IL-4 mRNA PCR products were found in inflamed tissues of the disease control patients. The granuloma-derived T cells of WG patients produced only IFNgamma, while TCC, TCL, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from BAL and PB produced mainly IFNgamma. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that a Thl cytokine pattern predominates in the granulomatous inflammation in patients with WG.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Csernok
- Medical University of Lübeck/Rheumaklinik Bad Bramstedt, Bad Bramstedt, Germany
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