1
|
Staurini S, Niclis C, Calcagni MS, Ramírez D, Gómez-Mejíba SE, Aballay LR. [Adverse socio-economic conditions associated with the presence of obesity and its metabolic comorbidities in adults in San Luis, Argentina ]. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS 2023; 80:420-438. [PMID: 38150209 PMCID: PMC10851402 DOI: 10.31053/1853.0605.v80.n4.40737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity depends on biopsychosocial and environmental factors and represents a risk factor for communicable and non-communicable diseases. Objectives: To determine the association between demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics and the presence of obesity and its metabolic comorbidities (MC) in adults in San Luis City, Argentina. Observational population-based cross-sectional study of 306 individuals aged 18-85 years from San Luis, Argentina, selected by multistage random sampling, with an overweight prevalence of 35% and a 0.05 margin of error. Socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle variables were assessed, and multiple logistic regression models were fitted with the presence of obesity and MC as outcomes and sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics as covariates. Obesity was found in 17.3% of participants, diabetes in 3%, high blood pressure (HBP) in 11%, dyslipidemia in 3.3% and coronary ischemic complications (CIC) in 13%. The proportion of residents with at least one of these conditions was 26.8%. Low Educational level (EL) was positively associated with the presence of obesity (OR 3.58; IC95% 1.04-12.24; p=0,04), and its MC (OR 5.25; IC95% 1.05-26.23; p=0.04) with respect to high EL. Similarly, the possibility of presenting CIC was increased in people with medium EL (OR 5.8; IC95% 1.12-30.19; p=0.03). On the other hand, the possibility of presenting diabetes increased by 17% with increasing body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.17; IC95% 1.03-1.34; p=0.01). Finally, women were more likely to present HBP (OR 3.71; IC95% 1.01-13.72; p=0.04) and CIC (OR 3,43; IC95% 1,06-11,10; p=0,03). Conclusion: the increase in age, female sex and medium and low NI are factors and conditions of vulnerability that predispose an increase in the prevalence of MC in adults from San Luis, Argentina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Staurini
- Centro de investigaciones en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba.
| | - Camila Niclis
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET). .
| | - María Silvina Calcagni
- Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Carrera de Nutrición. .
| | - Darío Ramírez
- Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental y Traduccional. (CONICET-San Luis). .
| | - Sandra Esther Gómez-Mejíba
- Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental y Traduccional. (CONICET-San Luis). .
| | - Laura Rosana Aballay
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Humana..
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singleton CMH, Brar S, Robertson N, DiTommaso L, Fuchs GJ, Schadler A, Radulescu A, Attia SL. Cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293865. [PMID: 37992076 PMCID: PMC10664905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic risk factors (impaired fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia) cluster in children, may predict adult disease burden, and are inadequately characterized in South American children. OBJECTIVES To quantify the burden of cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children (0-21 years) and identify knowledge gaps. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature via Virtual Health Library from 2000-2021 in any language. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted all data. RESULTS 179 studies of 2,181 screened were included representing 10 countries (n = 2,975,261). 12.2% of South American children experienced obesity, 21.9% elevated waist circumference, 3.0% elevated fasting glucose, 18.1% high triglycerides, 29.6% low HDL cholesterol, and 8.6% high blood pressure. Cardiometabolic risk factor definitions varied widely. Chile exhibited the highest prevalence of obesity/overweight, low HDL, and impaired fasting glucose. Ecuador exhibited the highest prevalence of elevated blood pressure. Rural setting (vs. urban or mixed) and indigenous origin protected against most cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS South American children experience high rates of obesity, overweight, and dyslipidemia. International consensus on cardiometabolic risk factor definitions for children will lead to improved diagnosis of cardiometabolic risk factors in this population, and future research should ensure inclusion of unreported countries and increased representation of indigenous populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumeer Brar
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Nicole Robertson
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Lauren DiTommaso
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - George J. Fuchs
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Aric Schadler
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Aurelia Radulescu
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Suzanna L. Attia
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Kentucky, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qu HQ, Connolly JJ, Kraft P, Long J, Pereira A, Flatley C, Turman C, Prins B, Mentch F, Lotufo PA, Magnus P, Stampfer MJ, Tamimi R, Eliassen AH, Zheng W, Knudsen GPS, Helgeland O, Butterworth AS, Hakonarson H, Sleiman PM. Trans-ethnic polygenic risk scores for body mass index: An international hundred K+ cohorts consortium study. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1291. [PMID: 37337639 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While polygenic risk scores hold significant promise in estimating an individual's risk of developing a complex trait such as obesity, their application in the clinic has, to date, been limited by a lack of data from non-European populations. As a collaboration model of the International Hundred K+ Cohorts Consortium (IHCC), we endeavored to develop a globally applicable trans-ethnic PRS for body mass index (BMI) through this relatively new international effort. METHODS The polygenic risk score (PRS) model was developed, trained and tested at the Center for Applied Genomics (CAG) of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) based on a BMI meta-analysis from the GIANT consortium. The validated PRS models were subsequently disseminated to the participating sites. Scores were generated by each site locally on their cohorts and summary statistics returned to CAG for final analysis. RESULTS We show that in the absence of a well powered trans-ethnic GWAS from which to derive marker SNPs and effect estimates for PRS, trans-ethnic scores can be generated from European ancestry GWAS using Bayesian approaches such as LDpred, by adjusting the summary statistics using trans-ethnic linkage disequilibrium reference panels. The ported trans-ethnic scores outperform population specific-PRS across all non-European ancestry populations investigated including East Asians and three-way admixed Brazilian cohort. CONCLUSIONS Here we show that for a truly polygenic trait such as BMI adjusting the summary statistics of a well powered European ancestry study using trans-ethnic LD reference results in a score that is predictive across a range of ancestries including East Asians and three-way admixed Brazilians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Qu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John J Connolly
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexandre Pereira
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Flatley
- Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bram Prins
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Mentch
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Per Magnus
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H., Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rulla Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gun Peggy Stromstad Knudsen
- Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oyvind Helgeland
- Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Patrick M Sleiman
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lizana PA, Aballay J, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Gómez-Bruton A. Low interest in physical activity and higher rates of obesity among rural teachers. Work 2021; 67:1015-1022. [PMID: 33325447 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the causes of physical inactivity in rural teachers from South America. Determining the causes and effects of physical inactivity in rural teachers could be the base for future intervention studies aiming to improve physical activity (PA) engagement in this population. OBJECTIVES To examine the levels of PA in rural teachers and evaluate the associations between their jobs, interest in PA, body composition and practice of PA. METHODS Body mass index (BMI) and body fat % (BF) of rural teachers from the Valparaiso Region in Chile were measured; interviews regarding PA habits, interests and PA practice were conducted. The relationship between BF% and interest in PA and the practice of sports was analysed stratifying by sex. RESULTS Around 71% were overweight/obese and 80% of the teachers reported not practicing any PA. These figures are higher than the Chilean national average for adults (64.5% overweight/obese). Moreover, females presented a higher BF% than male teachers (35.98% vs. 26.44%, p < 0.05). The main causes of not performing PA were: firstly, the lack of time (51.8%), and secondly, fatigue after work and/or finishing work late. In addition, rural teachers claim that in their free time they continue to finish tasks that they were not able to complete during their working hours. CONCLUSIONS Rural Chilean teachers show a high prevalence of obesity and low PA levels. Moreover, rural teachers have a work overload stemming from their jobs, and this could be an important link to an overall sedentary lifestyle. Further studies should focus on the relationship between teacher obesity, physical activity, nutrition and work overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Lizana
- Laboratory of Morphological Sciences, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Aballay
- Laboratory of Morphological Sciences, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - German Vicente-Rodríguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Misericordia, Huesca, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Bruton
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Misericordia, Huesca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vencio S, Manosalva JP, Mathieu C, Proot P, Lozno HY, Paldánius PM. Exploring early combination strategy in Latin American patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a sub-analysis of the VERIFY study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:68. [PMID: 34130731 PMCID: PMC8207702 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from Latin American countries face challenges in access to healthcare, leading to under-diagnosis, under-achievement of glycemic target, and long-term complications. Early diagnosis and treatment initiation are of paramount importance in this population due to the high prevalence of risk factors such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. The VERIFY study in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM (across 34 countries), assessed the normoglycemic durability (5 years), with early combination (EC) therapy approach versus the traditional stepwise approach of initiating treatment with metformin monotherapy (MET). Here we present the results from the VERIFY study for participants from eight countries in Latin America. METHODS Newly diagnosed adult patients with T2DM, HbA1c 6.5-7.5% and body-mass index (BMI) of 22-40 kg/m2 were enrolled. The primary endpoint was time to initial treatment failure (TF; HbA1c ≥ 7.0% at two consecutive scheduled visits 13 weeks apart). Time to second TF was evaluated when patients in both groups were receiving and failing on the vildagliptin combination. Safety and tolerability were also assessed for both treatment approaches during the study. RESULTS A total of 537 eligible patients (female, 58.8%) were randomly assigned to receive either EC (n = 266) or MET (n = 271). EC significantly reduced the relative risk of time to initial TF by 47% versus MET [HR (95% CI) 0.53 (0.4, 0.7) p < 0.0001]. Overall, 46.4% versus 66.3% of patients achieved the primary endpoint in the EC and MET groups, with a median [interquartile range (IQR)] time to TF of 59.8 (27.5, not evaluable) and 33.4 (12.2, 60.1) months, respectively. The risk for time to second TF was 31% lower with EC (p < 0.0092). A higher proportion of patients receiving EC maintained durable HbA1c < 7.0%, < 6.5%, and < 6.0%. Both treatment approaches were well tolerated, and only 3.2% of participants discontinued the study due to adverse events. All hypoglycemic events (EC: n = 7 and MET: n = 3) were single, mild episodes and did not lead to study discontinuation. CONCLUSION Similar to the global population, long-term clinical benefits were achieved more frequently and without tolerability issues with EC versus standard-of-care MET in this Latin American sub-population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01528254.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Vencio
- Federal University of Goiás-Post Graduation Programme, Goiânia, Brazil.
- ICF, Pharmaceutical Institute of Science, Av. Rio Verde, S/N - Cidade Vera Cruz, Aparecida de Goiânia, GO, 74935-530, Brazil.
| | | | - Chantal Mathieu
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Päivi M Paldánius
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Montalvan Sanchez EE, Urrutia SA, Rodriguez AA, Duarte G, Murillo A, Rivera R, Paredes Henriquez AA, Montalvan Sanchez DM, Ordoñez E, Norwood DA, Dominguez LB, Dominguez RL, Torres K, Reyes Fajardo EM, Godoy CA. Cardiovascular risk assessment in the resource limited setting of Western Honduras: An epidemiological perspective. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 27:100476. [PMID: 32309530 PMCID: PMC7154315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) epidemiology varies significantly among Low and Middle-Income Countries. Honduras is the Central American country with the highest Ischemic Heart Disease and CVD mortality rates. The aim of this study was to assess the individual CVD risk factors and calculate Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Scores (CVRAS) from the population. Methods: A cross-sectional study in western Honduras. Estimation of CV risk was performed using Framingham, MESA, ACC/AHA-PCEs and ESC SCORE calculators. Results: 38% were male. For men and women respectively; 49% and 48% had self-reported hypertension (HTN), on measured blood pressure only 18% and 30% had normal readings. Diabetes Mellitus was reported in 19% and 22%. Tobacco use was 14% and 3%. Self-reported regular exercise was 39.9% and 25%. Obesity was diagnosed in 24% and 24%. Lipid profile; total cholesterol was ≥200 mg/dl in 63% of subjects. LDL-C was elevated (>100 mg/dl) in 74% of participants, 9% had LDL-C levels higher than 190 mg/dl. Triglycerides were high (>160 mg/dl) in 60%, of these subjects 22% were taking lipid-lowering medications. 52% reported family-history of CVD. The risk calculation for men and women respectively for each CVRAS were; AHA/ACC-PCEs high risk (score ≥ 7.5%) in 62% and 30%, FRS high risk (score ≥ 20%) 46% and 15%, MESA high risk (Score ≥ 7.5%) in 70.6% and 17.7%, ESC SCORE high risk (score ≥ 5% in 32.4% and 11.8%). Conclusions: CV risk calculations revealed higher than rates than expected with consequently reflected on higher than estimated CVRAS. This represents the first report of its kind in Honduras.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aida Argentina Rodriguez
- Western Honduras Gastric Cancer Prevention Initiative, Hospital de Occidente, Santa Rosa de Copan 41101, Honduras
| | - Gabriela Duarte
- Western Honduras Gastric Cancer Prevention Initiative, Hospital de Occidente, Santa Rosa de Copan 41101, Honduras
| | - Axel Murillo
- Western Honduras Gastric Cancer Prevention Initiative, Hospital de Occidente, Santa Rosa de Copan 41101, Honduras
| | - Ricardo Rivera
- Western Honduras Gastric Cancer Prevention Initiative, Hospital de Occidente, Santa Rosa de Copan 41101, Honduras
| | | | | | - Eva Ordoñez
- Western Honduras Gastric Cancer Prevention Initiative, Hospital de Occidente, Santa Rosa de Copan 41101, Honduras
| | - Dalton Argean Norwood
- Western Honduras Gastric Cancer Prevention Initiative, Hospital de Occidente, Santa Rosa de Copan 41101, Honduras
| | - Lucia Belem Dominguez
- Western Honduras Gastric Cancer Prevention Initiative, Hospital de Occidente, Santa Rosa de Copan 41101, Honduras
| | - Ricardo Leonel Dominguez
- Western Honduras Gastric Cancer Prevention Initiative, Hospital de Occidente, Santa Rosa de Copan 41101, Honduras
| | - Karla Torres
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, Santa Rosa de Copan 41101, Honduras
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shimura K, Kubo A. Characteristics of age-related changes in blood pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation, and physique in Bolivians residing at different altitudes: presentation of basic data for health promotion. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:807-812. [PMID: 31645811 PMCID: PMC6801345 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To present basic data for a health promotion plan tailored to the body
function of Bolivians residing in different municipalities and altitudes by investigating
their blood pressure and oxyhemoglobin saturation. [Participants and Methods] The
participants were 589 Bolivians residing in different altitudes who voluntarily
participated in health promotion activities. We measured the blood pressure, peripheral
capillary oxygen saturation, height, and weight, and calculated the body mass index. We
divided the participants into two groups based on the altitude (valley and lowland) and
the participants of each altitude group into six age brackets (every 10 years) to
investigate the effect of age on each value. [Results] The altitude affected the systolic
and diastolic blood pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation, and height. All average values in
the valley group were lower than those in the lowland group. There were significant
effects in all variables based on age. The body mass index values were significantly
higher in participants aged 45–64 years compared to those aged 18–34 years; the average
value was 29. [Conclusion] An anti-obesity initiative for health promotion is needed to
reduce the risk of health impairment in Bolivians, especially lifestyle-related diseases,
such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shimura
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Narita campus, International University of Health and Welfare: 4-3 Kodunomori, Narita-shi, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Akira Kubo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare at Otawara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McEniry M, Samper-Ternent R, Flórez CE, Cano-Gutierrez C. Early Life Displacement Due to Armed Conflict and Violence, Early Nutrition, and Older Adult Hypertension, Diabetes, and Obesity in the Middle-Income Country of Colombia. J Aging Health 2019; 31:1479-1502. [PMID: 29916766 PMCID: PMC6738338 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318778111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We examine the importance of early life displacement and nutrition on hypertension (HTN) and diabetes in older Colombian adults (60+ years) exposed to rapid demographic, epidemiological, and nutritional transitions, and armed conflict. We compare early life nutritional status and adult health in other middle- and high-income countries. Method: In Colombia (Survey of Health, Wellbeing and Aging [SABE]-Bogotá), we estimate the effects of early life conditions (displacement due to armed conflict and violence, hunger, low height, and not born in the capital city) and obesity on adult health; we compare the effects of low height on adult health in Mexico, South Africa (Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health [SAGE]), the United States, and England (Health and Retirement Study [HRS], English Longitudinal Study of Ageing [ELSA]). Results: Early life displacement, early poor nutrition, and adult obesity increase the risk of HTN and diabetes in Colombia. Being short is most detrimental for HTN in Colombian males. Discussion: Colombian data provide new evidence into how early life conditions and adult obesity contribute to older adult health.
Collapse
|
9
|
Santos C, Bustamante A, Hedeker D, Vasconcelos O, Garganta R, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia J. Correlates of Overweight in Children and Adolescents Living at Different Altitudes: The Peruvian Health and Optimist Growth Study. J Obes 2019; 2019:2631713. [PMID: 31467705 PMCID: PMC6701273 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2631713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Overweight prevalence in children and adolescents shows great variability which is related to individual-level and environmental-level factors. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with overweight in Peruvian children and adolescents living at different altitudes. Methods 8568 subjects, aged 6-16 y, from the sea level, Amazon, and high-altitude regions were sampled. Overweight was identified using BMI; biological maturation and physical fitness were measured; school characteristics were assessed via an objective audit. Results Overweight prevalence decreased with age (28.3% at 6 y to 13.9% at 16 y); it was higher in girls (21.7%) than boys (19.8%) and was higher at the sea level (41.3%), compared with Amazon (18.8%) and high-altitude (6.3%) regions. Approximately 79% of the variance in overweight was explained by child-level characteristics. In Model 1, all child-level predictors were significant (p < 0.001); in Model 2, six out of nine added school-level predictors (number of students, existence of policies and practices for physical activity, multisports-roofed, duration of Physical Education classes, and extracurricular activities) were significant (p < 0.001); in Model 3, subjects living at high altitudes were less likely to be overweight than those living at the sea level. Conclusions Child- and school-level variables played important roles in explaining overweight variation. This information should be taken into account when designing more efficient strategies to combat the overweight and obesity epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santos
- CIFI D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alcibíades Bustamante
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports, National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Peru
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rui Garganta
- CIFI D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - José Maia
- CIFI D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luis de Moraes Ferrari G, Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Gomez G, Rigotti A, Sanabria LYC, García MCY, Torres RGP, Herrera-Cuenca M, Zimberg IZ, Guajardo V, Pratt M, Pires C, Solé D. Association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with neck circumference in eight Latin American countries. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:809. [PMID: 31234866 PMCID: PMC6591862 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of obesity. There are relatively few studies that explore the effect of accelerometer-determined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on neck circumference (NC), most of them confined to single high-income countries. The present study investigated the association of accelerometer-determined MVPA with NC in adolescents and adults from eight Latin American countries, which are mostly upper-middle income countries. Methods The sample consisted of 2370 participants (47.8% male) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, a multicenter cross-sectional nutrition and health surveillance study of a nationally representative sample from eight Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). Times (min/day) in MVPA (defined as time accumulated at ≥1952 activity counts/min) was assessed by ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer over 7 days. NC for adolescent was categorized as abnormal if circumference was > 34.5 cm for boys and > 31.25 for girls, whereas for adults the cut-off points for abnormal were > 39 cm for men and > 35 cm women. Multilevel logistic models, including country and region as random effects and adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic level, and educational level, were used to study the association between MVPA and NC. Results The average time of MVPA was 34.88 min/day, ranging from 31.16 in Venezuela to 40.27 in Chile. Concerning NC, 37.0% of the sample was classified as having elevated NC. Chile was the country with the highest percentage of people with elevated NC (56.9%), and Colombia had the lowest percentage (24.8%). Overall, the MVPA (min/day) was associated with elevated NC (OR = 0.994, CI95% = 0.990–0.998). In Costa Rica and Peru, there were significant associations between MVPA and NC when analyzed by country. Conclusions The present study provided evidence of significant associations between MVPA and NC in adolescents and adults from Latin America, independent of sex, age, socioeconomic level, and educational level. This analysis of accelerometry data and NC represents the first examination of these associations in eight Latin America countries. Further research is required to understand the differences between countries in the observed associations. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio-CIFE, Universidad Mayor, José Toribio Medina, 29. Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile. .,Disciplina de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e Reumatologia do Departamento de Pediatria, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Commitee of Nutrition and WellbeingInternational Life Science Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Pediatria, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgina Gomez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ioná Zalcman Zimberg
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviana Guajardo
- Commitee of Nutrition and WellbeingInternational Life Science Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Pratt
- Institute for Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Pires
- Centre for Mathematics of the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (CM-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Disciplina de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e Reumatologia do Departamento de Pediatria, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults. Nature 2019; 569:260-264. [PMID: 31068725 PMCID: PMC6784868 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3-6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to identify nutrition transition (NT) profiles in Argentina (2005–2013) and assess their association with obesity in the adult population.DesignA large cross-sectional study was performed considering data sets of nationally representative surveys. A multiple correspondence analysis coupled with hierarchical clustering was conducted to detect geographical clusters of association among sociodemographic and NT indicators. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of NT profile (proxy variable of contextual order) on obesity occurrence.SettingFirst, we used geographically aggregated data about the adult and child populations in Argentina. Second, we defined the population of adults who participated in the National Survey of Chronic Disease Risk Factors (2013) as the study population.ParticipantsTwenty-four geographical units that make up the territory of Argentina and 32 365 individuals over 18 years old living in towns of at least 5000 people.ResultsThree NT profiles were identified: ‘Socionutritional lag’ (characterized by undernutrition and socio-economically disadvantaged conditions; profile 1); ‘Double burden of malnutrition’ (undernutrition and overweight in highly urbanized scenarios; profile 2); and ‘Incipient socionutritional improvement’ (low prevalence of malnutrition and more favourable poverty indicator values; profile 3). Profiles 1 and 2 were significantly associated (OR; 95 % CI) with a higher risk of obesity occurrence in adults (1·17; 1·02, 1·32 and 1·44; 1·26, 1·64, respectively) compared with profile 3.ConclusionsArgentina is facing different NT processes, where sociodemographic factors play a major role in shaping diverse NT profiles. Most of the identified profiles were linked to obesity burden in adults.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dávila-Cervantes C, Agudelo-Botero M. Changes in life expectancy due to avoidable and non-avoidable deaths in Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Mexico, 2000-2011. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2018; 34:e00093417. [PMID: 29947656 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00093417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the level and trend of avoidable deaths and non-avoidable deaths and their contribution to the change in life expectancy in Latin America by studying the situations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Mexico between the years 2000 and 2011, stratified by sex and 5-year age groups. The information source used in this study was the mortality vital statistics, and the population data were obtained from censuses or estimates. The proposal by Nolte & McKee (2012) was used to calculate the standardized mortality rates and the influence from avoidable and non-avoidable causes in the change in life expectancy between 0 and 74 years. In Argentina, Chile and Colombia, all the rates declined between the years 2000 and 2011, whereas in Mexico, the avoidable deaths and non-avoidable deaths rates increased slightly for men and decreased for women. In all the countries, the non-avoidable death rates were higher than the avoidable death rates, and the rates were higher for men. The largest contributions to changes in life expectancy were explained by the non-avoidable deaths for men in all countries and for women in Argentina; in contrast, in Chile, Colombia and Mexico, the gains in years of life expectancy for women were mainly a result of avoidable causes. The results suggest there have been reductions in mortality from these causes that have resulted in gains in years of life expectancy in the region. Despite these achievements, differences between countries, sex and age groups are still present, without any noticeable progress in the reduction of these inequalities until now.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Agudelo-Botero
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pinto KA, Griep RH, Rotenberg L, Almeida MDCC, Barreto RS, Aquino EML. Gender, time use and overweight and obesity in adults: Results of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29534115 PMCID: PMC5849321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived time constraints have been highlighted in sociological studies as representing a core issue in determining quality of life. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that gender inequalities regarding insufficiency of time play a role in the development of overweight and obesity in adults. The study used baseline data (2008–2010) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), which monitors a cohort of 15,105 civil servants of 35 to 74 years of age. Insufficient time for personal care and leisure due to professional and domestic duties, as detailed in a structured questionnaire, comprised the main exposure variable. The outcome variable was overweight/obesity measured according to body mass index. Prevalence ratios were calculated using multinomial logistic regression. A greater proportion of women compared to men reported insufficient time for personal care and leisure (34.5% versus 23.8%, respectively). The prevalence of overweight was greater in men, while obesity was more common in women. Insufficient time for personal care and leisure was associated with overweight (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04–1.61) and obesity (PR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.28–2.12) only in women working over 40 hours/week. No significant association was found for males. These results suggest that the length of the working week influences factors underlying weight gain, possibly issues linked to behavior and/or stress mechanisms. The fact that such an association was restricted to women suggests that the results originate from gender inequalities involving relationships between time and health. The findings of this study provide data on which to base public policies aimed at encouraging the redistribution of domestic responsibilities in the direction of gender equity, as well as macrosocial policies such as providing public schools for workers’ children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environmental Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Rotenberg
- Laboratory of Health and Environmental Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rosane Sousa Barreto
- Climério de Oliveira Maternity Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Estela M L Aquino
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Objectives Different studies have reported the association between perceived stress and unhealthy diet choices. We aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between perceived stress and fat intake among undergraduate medical students. Methods/Principal findings A cross-sectional study was performed including first-year medical students. The outcome of interest was the self-report of fat intake assessed using the Block Screening Questionnaire for Fat Intake (high vs. low intake), whereas the exposure was perceived stress (low/normal vs. high levels). The prevalence of high fat intake was estimated and the association of interest was determined using prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Models were created utilizing Poisson regression with robust standard errors. Data from 523 students were analyzed, 52.0% female, mean age 19.0 (SD 1.7) years. The prevalence of high fat intake was 42.4% (CI: 38.2%–46.7%). In multivariate model and compared with those with lowest levels of stress, those in the middle (PR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.20–2.12) and highest (PR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.46–2.53) categories of perceived stress had greater prevalence of fat intake. Gender was an effect modifier of this association (p = 0.008). Conclusions Greater levels of perceived stress were associated with higher fat intake, and this association was stronger among males. More than 40% of students reported having high fat consumption. Our results suggest the need to implement strategies that promote decreased fat intake.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hall RG, Pasipanodya JG, Swancutt MA, Meek C, Leff R, Gumbo T. Supervised Machine-Learning Reveals That Old and Obese People Achieve Low Dapsone Concentrations. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2017; 6:552-559. [PMID: 28575552 PMCID: PMC5572360 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human species is becoming increasingly obese. Dapsone, which is extensively used across the globe for dermatological disorders, arachnid bites, and for treatment of several bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases, could be affected by obesity. We performed a clinical experiment, using optimal design, in volunteers weighing 44-150 kg, to identify the effect of obesity on dapsone pharmacokinetic parameters based on maximum-likelihood solution via the expectation-maximization algorithm. Artificial intelligence-based multivariate adaptive regression splines were used for covariate selection, and identified weight and/or age as predictors of absorption, systemic clearance, and volume of distribution. These relationships occurred only between certain patient weight and age ranges, delimited by multiple hinges and regions of discontinuity, not identified by standard pharmacometric approaches. Older and obese people have lower drug concentrations after standard dosing, but with complex patterns. Given that efficacy is concentration-dependent, optimal dapsone doses need to be personalized for obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RG Hall
- Dose Optimization and Outcomes Research (DOOR) ProgramSchool of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - JG Pasipanodya
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - MA Swancutt
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - C Meek
- Dose Optimization and Outcomes Research (DOOR) ProgramSchool of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - R Leff
- Dose Optimization and Outcomes Research (DOOR) ProgramSchool of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - T Gumbo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape Town, ObservatoryCape TownSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Garza-Gangemi AM, Sotomayor-de Zavaleta M. Erectile dysfunction therapy in countries where implant is economically not feasible. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:176-182. [PMID: 28540224 PMCID: PMC5422700 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.04.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED), a frequent complaint in the primary care setting, is strongly associated with obesity, cigarette smoking and other common cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), lipid disorders and the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of these cardiovascular disorders is rising at staggering rates in most Latin American countries. ED is a symptom that mainly affects economically productive men (40–70 years of age) potentially causing major psychosocial repercussions and reduced quality of life. The management of ED in these developing countries is increasingly challenging due to poor patient education and non-adherence to the medical treatment of theses concomitant comorbidities. The financial implications of commonly prescribed medications and surgical procedures limit their use to a minority of patients. For this reason, the clinician must adopt a holistic approach in the management of this disease focusing on preventive measures based on patient education and non-surgical interventions. This review summarizes common associated risk factors of ED and outlines non-pharmacological interventions for the management of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián M Garza-Gangemi
- Department of Urology, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition (INNSZ), Mexico City, México
| | - Mariano Sotomayor-de Zavaleta
- Department of Urology, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition (INNSZ), Mexico City, México
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Armstrong MEG, Lambert MI, Lambert EV. Relationships between different nutritional anthropometric statuses and health-related fitness of South African primary school children. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:208-213. [PMID: 27546583 PMCID: PMC5399808 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1224386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A double burden of both under- and over-nutrition exists among South African children. AIM To describe associations between nutritional statuses and health-related fitness test performances. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Height and weight of 10 285 children (6-13 years; n = 5604 boys and 4681 girls) were measured and used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight and obesity, stunting, wasting and underweight. Physical fitness scores for standing long jump, shuttle run, sit-and-reach, sit-up (EUROFIT) and cricket ball throw were assessed. Age- and gender-specific z-scores were calculated for these variables. Physical fitness for each nutritional status group was compared to children of normal weight. RESULTS Compared to normal weight children, overweight and obese children scored lower on all fitness tests (p < .001), except cricket ball throw (p = .235) and sit-and-reach (p = .015). Stunted and underweight children performed poorer than normal weight children on most fitness tests (p < .001), except sit-and-reach (stunted: p = .829; underweight: p = .538) and shuttle run (underweight: p = .017). Performance of wasted children was not as highly compromised as other under-nourished groups, but they performed poorer on the cricket ball throw (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS When compared to normal weight children, both under- and over-nourished children performed poorer on some, but not all, health-related fitness tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. I. Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - E. V. Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The effects of Ficus carica on the activity of enzymes related to metabolic syndrome. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:201-210. [PMID: 29389556 PMCID: PMC9332642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the various parts of Ficus carica L. (figs) on antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesogenic effects in vitro. Fruit, leaves, and stembark of the F. carica plant were sequentially extracted using organic and inorganic solvents and their total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were estimated. The effects of the extracts on antioxidative, antidiabetic (inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes), and antiobesogenic (antilipase) activities were measured using several experimental models. The fruit ethanolic extract contained a high quantity of polyphenols and flavonoids (104.67 ± 5.51 μg/mL and 81.67 ± 4.00 μg/mL) compared with all other extracts. The activity of the ethanolic extract of F. carica fruit was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than all other extracts and parts of the plant in terms of antioxidative, antidiabetic, and antiobesogenic effects. The IC50 values of the fruit ethanolic extract in terms of antioxidative (134.44 ± 18.43 μg/mL), and inhibition of α-glucosidase (255.57 ± 36.46 μg/mL), α-amylase (315.89 ± 3.83 μg/mL), and pancreatic lipase (230.475 ± 9.65 μg/mL) activity indicate that the activity of fruit ethanolic extract is better than all other extracts of the plant. The gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis of the fruit ethanolic extract showed the presence of a number of bioactive compounds such as butyl butyrate, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, 1-butoxy-1-isobutoxy butane, malic acid, tetradecanoic acid, phytol acetate, trans phytol, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, stearic acid, sitosterol, 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one, and 2,4,5-trimethyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one. The results of this study suggest that the ethanolic extract of the fruit of F. carica may have potential antidiabetic and antiobesogenic agents.
Collapse
|
20
|
Pou SA, Del Pilar Díaz M, De La Quintana AG, Forte CA, Aballay LR. Identification of dietary patterns in urban population of Argentina: study on diet-obesity relation in population-based prevalence study. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:616-622. [PMID: 27909559 PMCID: PMC5126411 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.6.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In Argentina, obesity prevalence rose from 14.6% in 2005 to 20.8% in 2013. Although the number of studies on noncommunicable diseases and dietary patterns as a unique dietary exposure measure has increased, information on this topic remains scarce in developing countries. This is the first population-based study investigating the association between diet and obesity using a dietary pattern approach in Argentina. We aimed (a) to identify current dietary patterns of the population of Córdoba city, (b) to investigate its association with obesity prevalence, and (c) to identify and describe dietary patterns from the subgroup of people with obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS The Córdoba Obesity and Diet Study (CODIES) was conducted in Córdoba city by using a random sample of n = 4,327 subjects between 2005 and 2012. Empirically derived dietary patterns were identified through principal component factor analysis. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of dietary patterns with obesity. RESULTS Four dietary patterns were identified, called "Starchy-Sugar", "Prudent", "Western", and "Sugary drinks". High scores for the "Western" pattern (with strongest factor loading on meats/eggs, processed meats, and alcohol) showed a positive association with obesity (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.06-1.67, for third versus first tertile of factor score). "Meats/Cheeses" and "Snacks/Alcohol" patterns emerged in people with obesity. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that high adherence to the "Western" pattern promoted obesity in this urban population. In addition, people with obesity showed characteristic dietary patterns that differ from those identified in the overall population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Alejandra Pou
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, C.P. 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.; Estadística y Bioestadística, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Enrique Barros s/n, C.P. 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Del Pilar Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, C.P. 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.; Estadística y Bioestadística, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Enrique Barros s/n, C.P. 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Gabriela De La Quintana
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Enrique Barros s/n, C.P. 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carla Antonella Forte
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Enrique Barros s/n, C.P. 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Rosana Aballay
- Estadística y Bioestadística, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Enrique Barros s/n, C.P. 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tumour biology of obesity-related cancers: understanding the molecular concept for better diagnosis and treatment. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14363-14380. [PMID: 27623943 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity continues to be a major global problem. Various cancers are related to obesity and proper understanding of their aetiology, especially their molecular tumour biology is important for early diagnosis and better treatment. Genes play an important role in the development of obesity. Few genes such as leptin, leptin receptor encoded by the db (diabetes), pro-opiomelanocortin, AgRP and NPY and melanocortin-4 receptors and insulin-induced gene 2 were linked to obesity. MicroRNAs control gene expression via mRNA degradation and protein translation inhibition and influence cell differentiation, cell growth and cell death. Overexpression of miR-143 inhibits tumour growth by suppressing B cell lymphoma 2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-5 activities and KRAS oncogene. Cancers of the breast, uterus, renal, thyroid and liver are also related to obesity. Any disturbance in the production of sex hormones and insulin, leads to distortion in the balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The possible mechanism linking obesity to cancer involves alteration in the level of adipokines and sex hormones. These mediators act as biomarkers for cancer progression and act as targets for cancer therapy and prevention. Interestingly, many anti-cancerous drugs are also beneficial in treating obesity and vice versa. We also reviewed the possible link in the mechanism of few drugs which act both on cancer and obesity. The present review may be important for molecular biologists, oncologists and clinicians treating cancers and also pave the way for better therapeutic options.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sierra MS, Soerjomataram I, Forman D. Thyroid cancer burden in Central and South America. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 44 Suppl 1:S150-S157. [PMID: 27678317 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) is rapidly increasing worldwide, but little is known about the TC burden in Central and South America (CSA). We describe the geographic patterns and trends of TC by sex in CSA. METHODS We obtained regional- and national-level incidence data from 48 population-based cancer registries in 13 countries and nationwide cancer deaths from the WHO mortality database for 18 countries. We estimated world population age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100,000 person-years. We calculated ASRs by histological subtype. We estimated the annual percentage change (EAPC) to describe time trends. RESULTS Between CSA countries, TC incidence and mortality rates varied from 8-fold to 12-fold and from 2-fold to 5-fold, respectively. In 2003-2007, the highest TC ASRs in females and males were in Ecuador (16.0 and 3.5, respectively), Brazil (14.4 and 3.4), Costa Rica (12.6 and 2.1) and Colombia (10.7 and 2.5). The highest ASMRs were in Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Panama (0.68-0.91 in females and 0.41-0.48 in males). Papillary TC was the most commonly diagnosed histological subtype, following the same incidence pattern as overall TC. In Argentinean, Brazilian, Chilean and Costa Rican females TC incidence increased by 2.2-17.9% annually, and papillary TC increased by 9.1-15.0% annually, while mortality remained stable between 1997 and 2008. In males, trends in TC were stable. CONCLUSION TC occurred more frequently in females than in males. The overall high incidence and low mortality of TC suggest identification of subclinical disease due to improved detection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica S Sierra
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, Lyon, France.
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, Lyon, France
| | - David Forman
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Izarzugaza MI, Fernández L, Forman D, Sierra MS. Burden of gallbladder cancer in Central and South America. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 44 Suppl 1:S82-S89. [PMID: 27678326 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare neoplasm yet it is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and its prognosis is poor. Incidence of GBC is high in some areas of Central and South America and the Caribbean. We described the current burden of GBC in Central and South America (CSA). METHODS We obtained GBC incidence data from 48 population-based cancer registries in 13 countries in CSA, and national level cancer death data from the WHO mortality data base for 18 countries. We estimated World population age-standardized incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 persons-years, including distribution and incidence rates by anatomic subsite. RESULTS GBC rates were the highest in countries located in the Andean region. In 2003-2007, Chile had the highest incidence and mortality rates in CSA (17.1 and 12.9 in females and 7.3 and 6.0 in males, respectively). Females had higher GBC rates than males. The most frequently diagnosed anatomic subsite was gallbladder (60%). Unspecified subsite represented 21% of all cases. Trends in incidence and mortality of GBC remained unchanged in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Costa Rica in 1998-2008. CONCLUSION GBC rates varied extensively across the CSA region reflecting, in part, differences in data quality, coverage and healthcare access. Chile had the highest GBC rates in CSA and the world. The large proportion of unspecified cases indicates low precision in diagnosis/registration and highlights the need to promote and improve cancer registration in the region to better understand the burden of GBC in CSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia Fernández
- National School of Public Health of Cuba, Biostatistics Department, Cuba
| | - David Forman
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Surveillance Section, Lyon, France
| | - Mónica S Sierra
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Surveillance Section, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li L, Gan Y, Li W, Wu C, Lu Z. Overweight, obesity and the risk of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1786-802. [PMID: 27392541 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies have repeatedly investigated the association between excess body weight and the risk of biliary tract cancer with inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the associations between overweight and obesity and the risk of biliary tract cancer. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to August 2015 was conducted, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for additional relevant studies were manually searched. RESULTS Fourteen prospective cohort studies and 15 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. These studies included 11,448,397 participants (6,733 patients with gallbladder cancer [GBC] and 5,798 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer [EBDC]) with follow-up durations ranging from 5 to 23 years. Among overweight adults, the pooled RR was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.07-1.28) for GBC and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14-1.39) for EBDC, and among people with obesity, the pooled RR was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.49-1.75) for GBC and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.21-1.81) for EBDC. Visual inspection of the funnel plots and the Begg's and the Egger's tests did not show enough evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Integrated evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that excess body weight is associated with a significantly increased risk of GBC and EBDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Li
- Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Anderson I, Robson B, Connolly M, Al-Yaman F, Bjertness E, King A, Tynan M, Madden R, Bang A, Coimbra CEA, Pesantes MA, Amigo H, Andronov S, Armien B, Obando DA, Axelsson P, Bhatti ZS, Bhutta ZA, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness MB, Briceno-Leon R, Broderstad AR, Bustos P, Chongsuvivatwong V, Chu J, Gouda J, Harikumar R, Htay TT, Htet AS, Izugbara C, Kamaka M, King M, Kodavanti MR, Lara M, Laxmaiah A, Lema C, Taborda AML, Liabsuetrakul T, Lobanov A, Melhus M, Meshram I, Miranda JJ, Mu TT, Nagalla B, Nimmathota A, Popov AI, Poveda AMP, Ram F, Reich H, Santos RV, Sein AA, Shekhar C, Sherpa LY, Skold P, Tano S, Tanywe A, Ugwu C, Ugwu F, Vapattanawong P, Wan X, Welch JR, Yang G, Yang Z, Yap L. Indigenous and tribal peoples' health (The Lancet-Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration): a population study. Lancet 2016; 388:131-57. [PMID: 27108232 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International studies of the health of Indigenous and tribal peoples provide important public health insights. Reliable data are required for the development of policy and health services. Previous studies document poorer outcomes for Indigenous peoples compared with benchmark populations, but have been restricted in their coverage of countries or the range of health indicators. Our objective is to describe the health and social status of Indigenous and tribal peoples relative to benchmark populations from a sample of countries. METHODS Collaborators with expertise in Indigenous health data systems were identified for each country. Data were obtained for population, life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, low and high birthweight, maternal mortality, nutritional status, educational attainment, and economic status. Data sources consisted of governmental data, data from non-governmental organisations such as UNICEF, and other research. Absolute and relative differences were calculated. FINDINGS Our data (23 countries, 28 populations) provide evidence of poorer health and social outcomes for Indigenous peoples than for non-Indigenous populations. However, this is not uniformly the case, and the size of the rate difference varies. We document poorer outcomes for Indigenous populations for: life expectancy at birth for 16 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1 year in 15 populations; infant mortality rate for 18 of 19 populations with a rate difference greater than one per 1000 livebirths in 16 populations; maternal mortality in ten populations; low birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in three populations; high birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in one population; child malnutrition for ten of 16 populations with a difference greater than 10% in five populations; child obesity for eight of 12 populations with a difference greater than 5% in four populations; adult obesity for seven of 13 populations with a difference greater than 10% in four populations; educational attainment for 26 of 27 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 24 populations; and economic status for 15 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 14 populations. INTERPRETATION We systematically collated data across a broader sample of countries and indicators than done in previous studies. Taking into account the UN Sustainable Development Goals, we recommend that national governments develop targeted policy responses to Indigenous health, improving access to health services, and Indigenous data within national surveillance systems. FUNDING The Lowitja Institute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Anderson
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Bridget Robson
- Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Fadwa Al-Yaman
- Indigenous and Children's Group, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, Australia
| | - Espen Bjertness
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Abhay Bang
- Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Carlos E A Coimbra
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Amalia Pesantes
- Salud Sin Límites Perú, Lima, Peru; Center for Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Blas Armien
- The Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Universidad Interamericana de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Per Axelsson
- Centre for Sami Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zaid Shakoor Bhatti
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; SickKids Center for Global Child Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius B Bjertness
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roberto Briceno-Leon
- LACSO, Social Science Laboratory, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ann Ragnhild Broderstad
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Faculty of Health, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Jiayou Chu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jitendra Gouda
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deemed University, Mumbai, India
| | - Rachakulla Harikumar
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Aung Soe Htet
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Chimaraoke Izugbara
- Population Dynamics and Reproductive Health Program, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Martina Kamaka
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Malcolm King
- CIHR-Institute of Aboriginal Peoples' Health, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Avula Laxmaiah
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Tippawan Liabsuetrakul
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Andrey Lobanov
- Scientific Research Centre of the Arctic, Salekhard, Russia
| | - Marita Melhus
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Faculty of Health, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Indrapal Meshram
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- Center for Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Balkrishna Nagalla
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arlappa Nimmathota
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Faujdar Ram
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deemed University, Mumbai, India
| | - Hannah Reich
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ricardo V Santos
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Chander Shekhar
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deemed University, Mumbai, India
| | - Lhamo Y Sherpa
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Skold
- Arctic Research Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofia Tano
- School of Business and Economy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Asahngwa Tanywe
- Cameroon Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Chidi Ugwu
- Department of Sociology/Anthropology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Fabian Ugwu
- Department of Psychology, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Patama Vapattanawong
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University Salaya, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Xia Wan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine at Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - James R Welch
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonghuan Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine at Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Leslie Yap
- Native Hawaiian Center of Excellence, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Afable A, Ursua R, Wyatt LC, Aguilar D, Kwon SC, Islam NS, Trinh-Shevrin C. Duration of US Residence Is Associated With Overweight Risk in Filipino Immigrants Living in New York Metro Area. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2016; 39:13-23. [PMID: 26605951 PMCID: PMC4662079 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between years living in the United States and overweight risk among a community sample of Filipino adult immigrants living in the New York metropolitan area. We found a significant and adverse association between years living in the United States and overweight risk. Compared with Filipinos who lived in the United States less than 5 years, those who lived in the United States 10 years or longer had a higher overweight risk; this association was present only among Filipinos who migrated to New York metropolitan area at 30 years of age or younger. Studies on causal mechanisms explaining this pattern are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Afable
- SUNY Downstate School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY,
| | - Rhodora Ursua
- Asian Pacific Partners for Empowerment, Advocacy, and Leadership, Oakland, CA,
| | - Laura C. Wyatt
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY,
| | | | - Simona C. Kwon
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY,
| | - Nadia S. Islam
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY,
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gosling AL, Buckley HR, Matisoo-Smith E, Merriman TR. Pacific Populations, Metabolic Disease and 'Just-So Stories': A Critique of the 'Thrifty Genotype' Hypothesis in Oceania. Ann Hum Genet 2015; 79:470-80. [PMID: 26420513 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pacific populations have long been observed to suffer a high burden of metabolic disease, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and gout. The 'Thrifty Genotype' hypothesis has frequently been used to explain this high prevalence of disease. Here, the 'Thrifty Genotype' hypothesis and the evolutionary background of Pacific populations are examined. We question its relevance not only in the Pacific region but more generally. Not only has the hypothesis not been explicitly tested, but most archaeological and anthropological data from the Pacific fundamentally do not support its application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Gosling
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hallie R Buckley
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ramírez-Vélez R, Triana-Reina HR, Carrillo HA, Ramos-Sepúlveda JA, Rubio F, Poches-Franco L, Rincón-Párraga D, Meneses-Echávez JF, Correa-Bautista JE. A cross-sectional study of Colombian University students' self-perceived lifestyle. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:289. [PMID: 26120506 PMCID: PMC4478172 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire was designed for enabling staff working in health sciences and physical activity (PA) areas to measure lifestyles (LS) in the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the lifestyle in a sample of university students. Method This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study involving 5,921 subjects’ aged 18- to 30-years-old (3,471 females) from three Colombian cities. Was applied “Fantastic” instrument (that consists of 25 closed items on the lifestyle), translated to Spanish in versions of three and five answers. Results Having a “good LS” was perceived by 57.4% of the females and 58.5% of the males; 14.0% of the females rating their LS as being “excellent” and males 19.3% (p < 0.001); 20.3% of the females and 36.6% of the males stated that they spent more than 20 min/day on PA (involving four or more times per week). Negative correlations between FANTASTIC score and weight (r = −0.113; p < 0.01), body mass index (BMI) (r = −0.152; p < 0.01) and waist circumference (r = −0.178, p < 0.01) were observed regarding females, whilst the correlation concerning males was (r = −0.143, p < 0.05) between Fantastic score and weight, (r = −0.167 for BMI, p < 0.01) and (r = −0.175, p < 0.01 for diastolic blood pressure). In spite of the students being evaluated referring to themselves as having a healthy LS (i.e. giving a self-perceived view of their LS), stated behaviour involving a health risk was observed in the domains concerning nutrition, PA and smoking. Conclusion Specific diffusion, education and intervention action is thus suggested for motivating the adoption of healthy LS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Carrera 9 No 51-23, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Héctor R Triana-Reina
- Programa de Licenciatura en Educación Física y Deporte, Universidad del Valle, Meléndez, Cali, Colombia
| | - Hugo A Carrillo
- Programa de Licenciatura en Educación Física y Deporte, Universidad del Valle, Meléndez, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jeison A Ramos-Sepúlveda
- Facultad Educación a Distancia y Virtual. Institución, Universitaria Antonio José Camacho, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Rubio
- Programa de Licenciatura en Educación Física y Deporte, Universidad del Valle, Meléndez, Cali, Colombia
| | - Laura Poches-Franco
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de medicina y ciencias de la salud (EMCS), Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Daniela Rincón-Párraga
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de medicina y ciencias de la salud (EMCS), Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - José F Meneses-Echávez
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Carrera 9 No 51-23, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Jorge E Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de medicina y ciencias de la salud (EMCS), Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Non-linear education gradient across the nutrition transition: mothers' overweight and the population education transition. Public Health Nutr 2015; 18:3172-82. [PMID: 26054756 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies found that developed and developing countries present opposite education-overweight gradients but have not considered the dynamics at different levels of national development. An inverted U-shaped curve is hypothesized to best describe the education-overweight association. It is also hypothesized that as the nutrition transition unfolds within nations the shape of education-overweight curve changes. DESIGN Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate the moderating effect of the nutrition transition at the population level on the education-overweight gradient. At the individual level, a non-linear estimate of the education association was used to assess the optimal functional form of the association across the nutrition transition. SETTING Twenty-two administrations of the Demographic and Health Survey, collected at different time points across the nutrition transition in nine Latin American/Caribbean countries. SUBJECTS Mothers of reproductive age (15-49 years) in each administration (n 143 258). RESULTS In the pooled sample, a non-linear education gradient on mothers' overweight was found; each additional year of schooling increases the probability of being overweight up to the end of primary schooling, after which each additional year of schooling decreases the probability of overweight. Also, as access to diets high in animal fats and sweeteners increases over time, the curve's critical point moves to lower education levels, the detrimental positive effect of education diminishes, and both occur as the overall risk of overweight increases with greater access to harmful diets. CONCLUSIONS Both hypotheses were supported. As the nutrition transition progresses, the education-overweight curve shifts steadily to a negative linear association with a higher average risk of overweight; and education, at increasingly lower levels, acts as a 'social vaccine' against increasing risk of overweight. These empirical patterns fit the general 'population education transition' curve hypothesis about how education's influences on health risks are contextualized across population transitions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mujica-Coopman MF, Brito A, López de Romaña D, Ríos-Castillo I, Cori H, Olivares M. Prevalence of Anemia in Latin America and the Caribbean. Food Nutr Bull 2015; 36:S119-28. [DOI: 10.1177/0379572115585775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: In Latin America and the Caribbean, anemia has been a public health problem that affects mainly women of childbearing age and children under 6 years of age. However, the current prevalence of anemia in this region is unknown. Objective: To examine the latest available prevalence data on anemia in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in 2011 and updated in 2014. Studies determining the prevalence of anemia conducted in apparently healthy populations with national or regional representativeness were included in the review. Results: The lowest prevalence rates of anemia among children under 6 years of age were found in Chile (4.0%), Costa Rica (4.0%), Argentina (7.6%), and Mexico (19.9%). In Nicaragua, Brazil, Ecuador, El Panama, and Honduras, anemia was a moderate public health problem, with prevalence ranging Salvador, Cuba, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Peru, from 20.1% to 37.3%. Anemia was a severe public health problem in Guatemala, Haiti, and Bolivia. The prevalence of anemia among women of childbearing age was lowest in Chile (5.1%). In Colombia, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Honduras, and Argentina, anemia was a mild public health problem, with prevalence ranging from 7.6% to 18.7%. In Guatemala, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Bolivia, anemia was a moderate public health problem, with prevalence ranging from 21.4% to 38.3%. Panama and Haiti had the highest reported prevalence rates (40.0% and 45.5%, respectively), and anemia was considered a severe public health problem in those countries. Conclusions: Anemia remains a public health problem in children under 6 years of age and women of childbearing age in most Latin America and Caribbean countries for which data are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María F. Mujica-Coopman
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex Brito
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Israel Ríos-Castillo
- Nutritional Research and Comprehensive Development Foundation, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Manuel Olivares
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Politis M, Higuera G, Chang LR, Gomez B, Bares J, Motta J. Trend Analysis of Cancer Mortality and Incidence in Panama, Using Joinpoint Regression Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e970. [PMID: 26091467 PMCID: PMC4616533 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and its incidence is expected to increase in the future. In Panama, cancer is also one of the leading causes of death. In 1964, a nationwide cancer registry was started and it was restructured and improved in 2012. The aim of this study is to utilize Joinpoint regression analysis to study the trends of the incidence and mortality of cancer in Panama in the last decade. Cancer mortality was estimated from the Panamanian National Institute of Census and Statistics Registry for the period 2001 to 2011. Cancer incidence was estimated from the Panamanian National Cancer Registry for the period 2000 to 2009. The Joinpoint Regression Analysis program, version 4.0.4, was used to calculate trends by age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates for selected cancers. Overall, the trend of age-adjusted cancer mortality in Panama has declined over the last 10 years (-1.12% per year). The cancers for which there was a significant increase in the trend of mortality were female breast cancer and ovarian cancer; while the highest increases in incidence were shown for breast cancer, liver cancer, and prostate cancer. Significant decrease in the trend of mortality was evidenced for the following: prostate cancer, lung and bronchus cancer, and cervical cancer; with respect to incidence, only oral and pharynx cancer in both sexes had a significant decrease. Some cancers showed no significant trends in incidence or mortality. This study reveals contrasting trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Panama in the last decade. Although Panama is considered an upper middle income nation, this study demonstrates that some cancer mortality trends, like the ones seen in cervical and lung cancer, behave similarly to the ones seen in high income countries. In contrast, other types, like breast cancer, follow a pattern seen in countries undergoing a transition to a developed economy with its associated lifestyle, nutrition, and body weight changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Politis
- From the The Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies (MP, BG, JM); Santo Tomas Hospital (GH); MINSA (Ministry of Health, Panama) (LRC); and FUNDACANCER, Panama City, Panama (JB)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shi L, Zhang D, van Meijgaard J, MacLeod KE, Fielding JE. The Interaction Between an Individual's Acculturation and Community Factors on Physical Inactivity and Obesity: A Multilevel Analysis. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:1460-7. [PMID: 25973827 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined whether the interactions between primarily speaking English at home and community-level measures (median household income and immigrant composition) are associated with physical inactivity and obesity. METHODS We pooled the 2005 and 2007 Los Angeles County Health Survey data to construct a multilevel data set, with community-level median household income and immigrant density as predictors at the community level. After controlling for individual-level demographic variables, we included the respondent's perceived community safety as a covariate to test the hypothesis that perceived public safety mediates the association between acculturation and health outcomes. RESULTS The interaction between community median household income and primarily speaking English at home was associated with lower likelihoods of physical inactivity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.644; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.502, 0.825) and obesity (OR = 0.674; 95% CI = 0.514, 0.882). These odds remained significant after we controlled for perceived community safety. CONCLUSIONS Resources in higher-income areas may be beneficial only to residents fully integrated into the community. Future research could focus on understanding how linguistic isolation affects community-level social learning and access to resources and whether this differs by family-level acculturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Lu Shi is with the Department of Public Health Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. Donglan Zhang, Jeroen van Meijgaard, and Jonathan E. Fielding are with the Center for Health Advancement, Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Kara E. MacLeod is with the Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
López-Jaramillo P, Sánchez RA, Diaz M, Cobos L, Bryce A, Parra-Carrillo JZ, Lizcano F, Lanas F, Sinay I, Sierra ID, Peñaherrera E, Bendersky M, Schmid H, Botero R, Urina M, Lara J, Foss MC, Márquez G, Harrap S, Ramírez AJ, Zanchetti A. [Latin American consensus on hypertension in patients with diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 58:205-25. [PMID: 24863082 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of cardiology, endocrinology, internal medicine, nephrology and diabetes societies of Latin American countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and comorbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of metabolic syndrome is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that metabolic syndrome is a useful nosography entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particular high-risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated. These recommendations result from presentations and debates by discussion panels during a 2-day conference held in Bucaramanga, in October 2012, and all the participants have approved the final conclusions. The authors acknowledge that the publication and diffusion of guidelines do not suffice to achieve the recommended changes in diagnostic or therapeutic strategies, and plan suitable interventions overcoming knowledge, attitude and behavioural barriers, preventing both physicians and patients from effectively adhering to guideline recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricio López-Jaramillo
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL, Universidad de Santander UDES, Bucaramanga, Colômbia
| | - Ramiro A Sánchez
- Unidad de Metabolismo e Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital Universitario, Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Lizcano
- Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá, Colômbia
| | | | - Isaac Sinay
- Instituto Cardiológico de Buenos Aires, Buenos aires, Argentina
| | - Iván D Sierra
- Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes, Bogotá, Colômbia
| | | | | | - Helena Schmid
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | | | - Manuel Urina
- Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colômbia
| | - Joffre Lara
- Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Aterosclerosis, Guayaquil, Equador
| | | | | | | | - Agustín J Ramírez
- Unidad de Metabolismo e Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital Universitario, Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kahan D. Prevalence and correlates of adult overweight in the Muslim world: analysis of 46 countries. Clin Obes 2015; 5:87-98. [PMID: 25755091 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The primary objectives of the study were to calculate overweight prevalence (body mass index ≥ 25.0) and simple correlations between 10 demographic, social welfare and behavioural variables and overweight prevalence for Muslim countries (populations >50% Muslim; N = 46). Overweight data for a country's total, male and female populations were extracted from the World Health Organization's (WHO) STEPwise country reports and relevant publications. Country-level data for potential correlates were extracted from multiple sources: Central Intelligence Agency (literacy), Gallup Poll (religiosity), United Nations (agricultural employment, food supply, gender inequality, human development), World Bank (automobile ownership, Internet, labour force) and WHO (physical inactivity). The overall, male and female overweight prevalence was 37.4, 33.0 and 42.1%, respectively. Prevalence estimates significantly differed by economic classification, gender and ethnicity. Middle- and upper income countries were 1.54-7.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49-8.07) times more likely overweight than low-income countries, females were 1.48 (CI: 1.45-1.50) times more likely overweight than males and Arab countries were 2.92 (CI: 2.86-2.97) times more likely overweight than non-Arab countries. All 10 of the potential correlates were significantly associated with overweight for at least one permutation (total, economic classification, gender, ethnicity). The greater percentage of poorer countries among non-Arab Muslim countries, which compared with Arab countries have not as rapidly been transformed by globalization, nutrition transition and urbanization, may partially explain prevalence differences. Evaluation of correlational data generally followed associations seen in non-Muslim countries but more complex analysis of subnational data is needed. Arab women are a particularly vulnerable subgroup and governments should act within religious and cultural parameters to provide environments that are conducive to negative energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kahan
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Aballay LR, Osella AR, De La Quintana AG, Diaz MDP. Nutritional profile and obesity: results from a random-sample population-based study in Córdoba, Argentina. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:675-685. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
36
|
Fondaco D, AlHasawi F, Lan Y, Ben-Elazar S, Connolly K, Rogers MA. Biophysical Aspects of Lipid Digestion in Human Breast Milk and Similac™ Infant Formulas. FOOD BIOPHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-014-9388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
37
|
Li J, Lei J, Wen S, Zhou L. Sex disparity and perception of obesity/overweight by parents and grandparents. Paediatr Child Health 2014; 19:e113-6. [PMID: 25332680 DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.7.e113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the factors associated with the sex disparity showing a greater prevalence of obesity/overweight in boys compared with girls in Chinese school children. METHODS Sampled students and their parents were asked to complete a questionnaire. Perceptions of weight status by the parents, grandparents and children themselves were collected. A logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS The sampled students included 327 obese/overweight students and 1078 students with normal body mass index (BMI). The crude OR of obesity/overweight for boys compared with girls was 1.57 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.01). The increased risk of childhood obesity/overweight for boys remained after adjustment for prenatal and infant factors, daily habits and family situation, but disappeared after adjustment for perception of weight status (OR 1.27 [95% CI 0.93 to 1.67]). There were differences in underestimation of children's weight status between boys and girls by their parents and grandparents (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.08 to 1.64] and OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.15 to 1.75], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Misconceptions about a child's weight status were prevalent among parents and grandparents, and boys' weight status was more frequently underestimated than girls. The disparity of underestimating weight according to sex may partially contribute to the difference in the prevalence of obesity/overweight between boys and girls among Chinese school children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lei
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwu Wen
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Leshan Zhou
- Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rivera-Andrade A, Luna MA. Trends and heterogeneity of cardiovascular disease and risk factors across Latin American and Caribbean countries. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 57:276-85. [PMID: 25218566 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging, globalization and urbanization in Latina America and the Caribbean (LAC) have made cardiovascular disease (CVD) the number one cause of death and disability, while communicable diseases have decreased. This epidemiological transition has been more heterogeneous than in other areas of the world. While countries like Argentina, Chile, Brazil and Colombia have seen a significant decrease in CVD mortality, the rest of the countries have seen an increase, particularly Central American and Caribbean countries. These latter countries have now coexisting high prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases, threatening the socioeconomic development. Recent multinational cross sectional studies have provided a better perspective of the prevalence and distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in the region. While there has been a decrease in prevalence of smoking in the region, obesity, diabetes and physical inactivity continue to increase the CVD disease burden in LAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Rivera-Andrade
- INCAP Comprehensive Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases/Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Max A Luna
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Armstrong MEG, Lambert MI, Sharwood KA, Lambert EV. Obesity and overweight in South African primary school children—the Health of the Nation Study. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/22201009.2006.10872144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
40
|
Prevalence and associated factors of obesity among Panamanian adults. 1982-2010. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91689. [PMID: 24621825 PMCID: PMC3951445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Central America, there has been a marked increase in obesity in the last 30 years. Over this time frame, in Panama, there have been lifestyle changes associated with economic development and urbanization that may have facilitated increases in body weight. The aim of the study is to describe the change in the prevalence of obesity in the country since 1982 and to analyze the association of obesity with gender, place of residence and socioeconomic factors. METHODS We analyzed three nationally representative cross-sectional studies and one sub-national study of Panamanian adults that evaluated anthropometric and socioeconomic variables; ENPA-1982 (n = 11 611), ENV-II 2003 (n = 14 737), ENV-III 2008 (n = 15 484), PREFREC-2010 (n = 3 590). We also evaluated one nationally representative study that evaluated people's perception of their body weight, ENSCAVI-2007 (n = 25 748). RESULTS In 1982, the prevalence in males of a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 was 3.8% (3.3-4.2) and in females 7.6% (6.9-8.2). In 2003, the prevalence in males increased to 14.4% (13.6-15.2) and in females to 21.8% (20.8-22.7). In 2008, the prevalence in males was 16.9% (16.0-17.7) and in females it was 23.8% (22.8-24.7). Nevertheless, in 2007, the national perception of being obese was only 4% among males and 6.7% among females. The highest prevalence of obesity was noted in urban areas. Female gender and higher income were found to be positively associated with obesity. Income level was positively associated with abdominal obesity in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS There has been a marked increase of obesity in Panama in the last 3 decades. Initiatives to control this problem will have to take into consideration the observed gender difference and the lifestyle changes that have contributed to the rise of this problem.
Collapse
|
41
|
López-Jaramillo P, Sánchez RA, Díaz M, Cobos L, Bryce A, Parra-Carrillo JZ, Lizcano F, Lanas F, Sinay I, Sierra ID, Peñaherrera E, Benderky M, Schmid H, Botero R, Urina M, Lara J, Foos MC, Márquez G, Harrap S, Ramírez AJ, Zanchetti A. Consenso latinoamericano de hipertensión en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2014; 26:85-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
42
|
Vera-Villarroel P, Piqueras JA, Kuhne W, Cuijpers P, van Straten A. Differences between men and women in self-reported body mass index and its relation to drug use. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2014; 9:1. [PMID: 24383608 PMCID: PMC3880835 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-9-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a public health problem of alarming proportions, including among the university population in Latin America. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the self-reported body mass index and the associated drug use and health-risk behaviors. Methods We performed a cross-sectional, descriptive study of 3,311 Chilean university students (17–24 years). The variables weight, height, frequency of physical activity, diet quality index, and drug use were evaluated by way of a self-report questionnaire. Results 16.7% of students were overweight and 2.1% were obese. Higher rates of overweight and obesity were observed in the men compared to women. There was a significant but moderate association between self-perceived obesity and being men and higher age, and just low with greater use of analgesics and tranquilizers with or without a prescription. Conclusions The punctual prevalence rates of self-reported obesity, in this sample, are consistent with other Latin American studies. The risk behaviors associated with perceived obesity in terms of gender, particularly the different pattern of drug use, highlight the importance of considering gender when designing strategies to promote health in a university setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vera-Villarroel
- School of Psychology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Avenida Ecuador 3650, tercer Piso, Estación Central, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ayala GX, Carnethon M, Arredondo E, Delamater AM, Perreira K, Van Horn L, Himes JH, Eckfeldt JH, Bangdiwala SI, Santisteban DA, Isasi CR. Theoretical foundations of the Study of Latino (SOL) Youth: implications for obesity and cardiometabolic risk. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24:36-43. [PMID: 24246265 PMCID: PMC3879411 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article describes the conceptual model developed for the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth, a multisite epidemiologic study of obesity and cardiometabolic risk among U.S. Hispanic/Latino children. METHODS Public health, psychology, and sociology research were examined for relevant theories and paradigms. This research, in turn, led us to consider several study design features to best represent both risk and protective factors from multiple levels of influence, as well as the identification of culturally relevant scales to capture identified constructs. RESULTS The Socio-Ecological Framework, Social Cognitive Theory, family systems theory, and acculturation research informed the specification of our conceptual model. Data are being collected from both children and parents in the household to examine the bidirectional influence of children and their parents, including the potential contribution of intergenerational differences in acculturation as a risk factor. Children and parents are reporting on individual, interpersonal, and perceived organizational and community influences on children's risk for obesity consistent with Socio-Ecological Framework. CONCLUSIONS Much research has been conducted on obesity, yet conceptual models examining risk and protective factors lack specificity in several areas. Study of Latino Youth is designed to fill a gap in this research and inform future efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe X Ayala
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA and the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
| | - Mercedes Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Elva Arredondo
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA and the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Krista Perreira
- Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - John H Himes
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - John H Eckfeldt
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kimoto R, Ronquillo D, Caamaño MC, Martinez G, Schubert L, Rosado JL, Garcia O, Long KZ. Food, eating and body image in the lives of low socioeconomic status rural Mexican women living in Queretaro State, Mexico. Health Place 2014; 25:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
45
|
Sahin H, Ciçek B, Yılmaz M, Ongan D, Inanç N, Aykut M, Elmali F. Obesity prevalence, waist-to-height ratio and associated factors in adult Turkish males. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 5:e1-e78. [PMID: 24331008 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY This study was performed to determine the obesity prevalence and associated risk factors in aged 20 and over years old males living in 11 towns in Kayseri, Turkey between July and August 2007. 1530 men were recruited, of which 6 were excluded because of incomplete information. Data were collected by a questionnaire. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured. Body mass index (BMI) of 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2) was accepted as overweight and above 30 kg/m(2) as obesity, waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) > 1.0 and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥ 0.5 were accepted as abdominal obesity. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were performed. According to BMI, overweight and obesity prevalences were 39.6% and 16.9%, respectively. Obesity prevalence was 29.9% (50-59 years) according to WHpR, 50.4% (60-69 years) according to waist circumference (WC) and 24.8% (40-49 years) according to WHtR. The logistic regression analysis revealed age of 60-69 years, being a graduate from university, being widowed and having positive familial history of obesity as risk factors of having BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2). In conclusion, obesity is a serious issue for the males residing in Kayseri and among the anthropometric measurements WHtR is a simple and effective index to identify health related risks even in male of younger ages.:
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habibe Sahin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Science Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | - Betül Ciçek
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Science Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | - Müge Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Science Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Ongan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Science Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | - Neriman Inanç
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Science Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | - Mualla Aykut
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | - Ferhan Elmali
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cantor A, Peña J, Himmelgreen D. “We Never Ate Like That, Not Fast Food, or Junk Foods”: Accounts of Changing Maternal Diet in a Tourist Community in Rural Costa Rica. Ecol Food Nutr 2013; 52:479-96. [DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2013.824360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
47
|
Lobelo F, Garcia de Quevedo I, Holub CK, Nagle BJ, Arredondo EM, Barquera S, Elder JP. School-based programs aimed at the prevention and treatment of obesity: evidence-based interventions for youth in Latin America. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2013; 83:668-677. [PMID: 23879787 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapidly rising childhood obesity rates constitute a public health priority in Latin America which makes it imperative to develop evidence-based strategies. Schools are a promising setting but to date it is unclear how many school-based obesity interventions have been documented in Latin America and what level of evidence can be gathered from such interventions. METHODS We performed a systematic review of papers published between 1965 and December 2010. Interventions were considered eligible if they had a school-based component, were done in Latin America, evaluated an obesity related outcome (body mass index [BMI], weight, %body fat, waist circumference, BMI z-score), and compared youth exposed vs not exposed. RESULTS Ten studies were identified as having a school-based component. Most interventions had a sample of normal and overweight children. The most successful interventions focused on prevention rather than treatment, had longer follow-ups, a multidisciplinary team, and fewer limitations in execution. Three prevention and 2 treatment interventions found sufficient improvements in obesity-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We found sufficient evidence to recommend school-based interventions to prevent obesity among youth in Latin America. Evidence-based interventions in the school setting should be promoted as an important component for integrated programs, policies, and monitoring frameworks designed to reverse the childhood obesity in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Lobelo
- Global Health Promotion Office, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NE, MS K-40 Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Traditional dietary pattern of South America is linked to breast cancer: an ongoing case-control study in Argentina. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:557-66. [PMID: 23907208 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have shown the effect of dietary patterns on breast cancer risk, but none has been conducted in Argentina. The aim of this study was to extract dietary patterns from Food Frequency Questioner, to estimate their effect on breast cancer occurrence while taking into account aggregation factors (family history of breast cancer) and to explore the sensitivity of the estimates to changes in the assumptions. METHODS A principal component exploratory factor analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns, which were then included as covariates in a multilevel logistic regression. Family history of BC was considered as a clustering variable. A multiple probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also performed. RESULTS The study included 100 cases and 294 controls. Four dietary patterns were identified. Traditional (fat meats, bakery products, and vegetable oil and mayonnaise) (OR III tertile vs I 3.13, 95% CI 2.58-3.78), Rural (processed meat) (OR III tertile vs I 2.02, 95% CI 1.21-3.37) and Starchy (refined grains) (OR III tertile vs I 1.82, 95 % CI 1.18-2.79) dietary patterns were positively associated with BC risk, whereas the Prudent pattern (fruit and non-starchy vegetables) (OR III tertile vs I 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.77) showed a protective effect. For Traditional pattern, the median bias-adjusted ORs (3.52) were higher than the conventional (2.76). CONCLUSIONS While the Prudent pattern was associated with a reduced risk of BC, Traditional, Rural and Starchy patterns showed a promoting effect. Despite the threats to validity, the nature of associations was not strongly affected.
Collapse
|
49
|
Latin American consensus on hypertension in patients with diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome. J Hypertens 2013; 31:223-38. [PMID: 23282894 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835c5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of cardiology, endocrinology and diabetes societies of Latin American countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and comorbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of 'metabolic syndrome' is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that 'metabolic syndrome' is a useful nosographic entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particularly high-risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated. These recommendations result from presentations and debates by discussion panels during a 2-day conference held in Bucaramanga, in October 2012, and all the participants have approved the final conclusions. The authors acknowledge that the publication and diffusion of guidelines do not suffice to achieve the recommended changes in diagnostic or therapeutic strategies, and plan suitable interventions overcoming knowledge, attitude and behavioural barriers, preventing both physicians and patients from effectively adhering to guideline recommendations.
Collapse
|
50
|
Trends in overweight among women differ by occupational class: results from 33 low- and middle-income countries in the period 1992-2009. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:97-105. [PMID: 23649471 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been an increase in overweight among women in low- and middle-income countries but whether these trends differ for women in different occupations is unknown. We examined trends by occupational class among women from 33 low- and middle-income countries in four regions. DESIGN Cross-national study with repeated cross-sectional demographic health surveys. SUBJECTS Height and weight were assessed at least twice between 1992 and 2009 in 248,925 women aged 25-49 years. Interviews were conducted to assess occupational class, age, place of residence, educational level, household wealth index, parity, age at first birth and breastfeeding. We used logistic and linear regression analyses to assess the annual percent change in overweight (body mass index >25 kg m(-2)) by occupational class. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight ranged from 2.2% in Nepal in 1992-1997 to 75% in Egypt in 2004-2009. In all the four regions, women working in agriculture had consistently lower prevalence of overweight, while women from professional, technical, managerial as well as clerical occupational classes had higher prevalence. Although the prevalence of overweight increased in all the occupational classes in most regions, women working in agriculture and production experienced the largest increase in overweight over the study period, while women in higher occupational classes experienced smaller increases. To illustrate, overweight increased annually by 0.5% in Latin America and the Caribbean and by 0.7% in Sub-Saharan Africa among women from professional, technical and managerial classes, as compared with 2.8% and 3.7%, respectively, among women in agriculture. CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight has increased in most low- and middle-income countries, but women working in agriculture and production have experienced larger increases than women in higher occupational classes.
Collapse
|