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Zhang Y, Huang T, Wang J, Wang G, Luo F. Roles of gender and smoking in the associations between urinary phytoestrogens and asthma/wheeze and lung function: evidence from a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e001708. [PMID: 38448045 PMCID: PMC10916099 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of phytoestrogens in asthma/wheeze and lung function remains controversial. Thus, we aimed to examine whether phytoestrogens have beneficial effects on asthma/wheeze, lung function for subgroups and mortality. METHODS Participants in this study were individuals aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to examine the associations of urinary phytoestrogens with the risk of asthma/wheeze and lung function in individuals with and without asthma/wheeze. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the relationship between urinary phytoestrogens and all-cause mortality. Stratified analyses were conducted based on gender and smoking status. RESULTS We included 2465 individuals in this study. Enterolactone levels in the highest quartile were associated with a lower risk of asthma than those in the lowest quartile. As compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of enterodiol and enterolactone was associated with a lower risk of wheeze. Significant associations were observed between subtypes of phytoestrogens (equol and enterolactone) and lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s). Besides, FVC was higher in individuals with higher levels of enterodiol. The results were consistent in subpopulations without asthma/wheeze, while the significant difference was not observed in individuals with asthma/wheeze. The stratified analyses revealed that the associations between phytoestrogens and lung function differed by gender and smoking status among subgroups. No significant association was found between urinary phytoestrogens and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION In summary, subtypes of phytoestrogens were associated with lower risk of asthma/wheeze and beneficial for lung function improvement in individuals without asthma/wheeze. Furthermore, gender and smoking may interact in the relationship between phytoestrogens and asthma/wheeze, and lung function. Further researches are needed to confirm these associations and explain the results of stratified analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengming Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Varshney N, Singh P, Rai R, Vishwakarma NK, Mahto SK. Superporous soy protein isolate matrices as superabsorbent dressings for successful management of highly exuding wounds: In vitro and in vivo characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127268. [PMID: 37813221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Soy protein isolate (SPI) has received widespread attention of the biomedical research community primarily due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, high availability and low cost. Herein, glutaraldehyde cross-linked microporous sponge-like SPI scaffolds were prepared using the cryogelation technique for tissue engineering applications. The prepared SPI scaffolds possess an interconnected porous structure with approximately 90% porosity and an average pore size in the range of 45-92 μm. The morphology, porosity, swelling capacity and degradation rate of the cryogels were found to be dependent on the concentration of polymer to crosslinking agent. All cryogels were found to be elastic and able to maintain physical integrity even after being compressed to one-fifth of their original length during cyclic compression analysis. These cryogels showed excellent mechanical properties, immediate water-triggered shape restoration and absorption speed. Furthermore, cryogels outperformed cotton and gauze in terms of blood clotting and blood cell adherence. The in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the potency of SPI scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. Our findings showed that crosslinking with glutaraldehyde had no detrimental effects on cell viability. In addition, an in vivo wound healing study in rats validated them as good potential wound dressing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Varshney
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Rai
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj K Vishwakarma
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Artham S, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Eosinophilia in cancer and its regulation by sex hormones. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:5-20. [PMID: 36443206 PMCID: PMC10122120 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gender differences in the functionality of the immune system have been attributed, in part, to direct and indirect effects of sex steroids, especially estrogens, on immune cell repertoire and activity. Notable are studies that have defined roles for estrogens in the regulation of the biology of dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Although estrogens can modulate eosinophil function, the mechanisms by which this occurs and how it contributes to the pathobiology of different diseases remains underexplored. Furthermore, although the importance of eosinophils in infection is well established, it remains unclear as to how these innate immune cells, which are present in different tumors, impact the biology of cancer cells and/or response to therapeutics. The observation that eosinophilia influences the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) is significant considering the role of estrogens as regulators of eosinophil function and recent studies suggesting that response to ICBs is impacted by gender. Thus, in this review, we consider what is known about the roles of estrogen(s) in regulating tissue eosinophilia/eosinophil function and how this influences the pathobiology of breast cancer (in particular). This information provides the context for a discussion of how estrogens/the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling axis can be targeted in eosinophils and how this would be expected to influence the activity of standard-of-care interventions and contemporary immunotherapy regimens in cancer(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Artham
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Jantaratnotai N, Thampithak A, Utaisincharoen P, Pinthong D, Sanvarinda P. Inhibition of LPS-Induced Microglial Activation by the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Pueraria mirifica. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12920. [PMID: 36232220 PMCID: PMC9566591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microglial activation has been found to play a crucial role in various neurological disorders. Proinflammatory substances overproduced by activated microglia, such as cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide (NO), can result in neuroinflammation that further exacerbates the course of the diseases. This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Pueraria mirifica on microglial activation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation was used as a model to investigate the effects of P. mirifica on HAPI (highly aggressive proliferating immortalized), a rat microglial cell line. Administration of ethyl acetate extract from the tuberous roots of P. mirifica to HAPI cells dose-dependently reduced NO production and iNOS expression induced by LPS. Attenuation of IRF-1 (interferon regulatory factor-1) induction, one of the transcription factors governing iNOS expression, suggested that the inhibitory effect on NO production by the plant extract was at least partially mediated through this transcription factor. In addition, LPS-stimulated mRNA expression of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), IL-6 (interleukin-6), and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) was also suppressed with P. mirifica extract pretreatment. This study indicates that the ethyl acetate extract of P. mirifica could potentially serve as an anti-inflammatory mediator and may be useful in relieving the severity of neurological diseases where microglia play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattinee Jantaratnotai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Thampithak
- Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Utaisincharoen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Darawan Pinthong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pimtip Sanvarinda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Aboushanab SA, El-Far AH, Narala VR, Ragab RF, Kovaleva EG. Potential therapeutic interventions of plant-derived isoflavones against acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108204. [PMID: 34619497 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome that possibly leads to high morbidity and mortality as no therapy exists. Several natural ingredients with negligible adverse effects have recently been investigated to possibly inhibit the inflammatory pathways associated with ALI at the molecular level. Isoflavones, as phytoestrogenic compounds, are naturally occurring bioactive compounds that represent the most abundant category of plant polyphenols (Leguminosae family). A broad range of therapeutic activities of isoflavones, including antioxidants, chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and antibacterial potentials, have been extensively documented in the literature. Our review exclusively focuses on the possible anti-inflammatory, antioxidant role of botanicals'-derived isoflavones against ALI and their immunomodulatory effect in experimentally induced ALI. Despite the limited scope covering their molecular mechanisms, isoflavones substantially contributed to protecting from ALI via inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/Myd88/NF-κB pathway and subsequent cytokines, chemokines, and adherent proteins. Nonetheless, future research is suggested to fill the gap in elucidating the protective roles of isoflavones to alleviate ALI concerning antioxidant potentials, inhibition of the inflammatory pathways, and associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied A Aboushanab
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 620002, 19 Mira Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; Scientific Chair of Yousef Abdullatif Jameel of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Rokia F Ragab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
| | - Elena G Kovaleva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 620002, 19 Mira Yekaterinburg, Russia.
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Guo TL, Lefever DE, Nagy T, Meng AH. In utero exposure to genistein decreased intranasal house dust mite-induced respiratory allergy in middle-aged male B6C3F1 offspring. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:222-231. [PMID: 32798538 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite many hypothesized benefits of dietary isoflavone genistein (GEN) deriving from soy-based products, questions surrounding GEN's developmental effects are increasing. To understand if in utero GEN exposure modulated postnatal respiratory allergies in the middle age, we conducted a time course study in the B6C3F1 offspring (PND 240-330) using a common household allergen (house dust mites: HDM; 10 μg/mouse for PND 240 and 290, and 50 μg/mouse for PND 330, a middle age in mice) following intranasal instillation, a physiological route of allergen exposure. GEN was administered to dams by gavage from gestational day 14 to parturition at a physiologically relevant dose (20 mg/kg body weight). Female and male offspring were sensitized with HDM allergens beginning about one month prior to sacrifice followed by challenges with three weekly dosings of HDM extracts, and they were euthanized at day 3 following the final HDM exposure. In utero exposure to GEN decreased HDM allergen-induced respiratory allergy in male B6C3F1 offspring at PND 330 as reflected by decreases in airway hyperresponsiveness (e.g., Penh value), HDM-specific IgG1 (a Th2 type Ab) and the activity of eosinophil peroxidase in the lung (an indication of eosinophil recruitment to the lungs). However, in utero exposure to GEN had minimal effects on HDM allergen-induced respiratory allergy in the middle-aged female offspring. Changes in serum total IgE, HDM-specific IgE, and lung histopathology scores in both male and female offspring were not biologically significant. Overall, in utero GEN exposure exerted a protective effect on respiratory allergy in the middle-aged male, but not female, B6C3F1 offspring following later-life HDM exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, United States.
| | - Daniel E Lefever
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, United States
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, United States
| | - Andrew H Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, United States
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Dietary flavonoids and respiratory diseases: a population-based multi-case-control study in Italian adults. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2548-2556. [PMID: 31996276 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019003562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the associations between chronic respiratory diseases and intakes of total flavonoids and their major subclasses (flavanones, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavones, polymers and proanthocyanidins). DESIGN Multi-case-control study. SETTING The analysis was conducted in the frame of the Genes Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition FFQ was used to ascertain dietary intake. Multinomial regression models adjusting for age, sex, centre, BMI, smoking habit, alcohol intake, education, total energy intake, vitamin C intake and total fruit intake were used to examine the associations between dietary exposures and the relative risk ratio (RRR) of being a case. PARTICIPANTS Individuals (n 990) hierarchically defined as follows: cases with asthma (current, n 159; past, n 78), chronic bronchitis (n 47), rhinitis (allergic rhinitis, n 167; non-allergic rhinitis, n 142) and controls (n 97). RESULTS An increase of 1 sd in flavanones was associated with a reduced risk of non-allergic rhinitis (adjusted RRR = 0·68, 95 % CI 0·47, 0·97); a similar result was found comparing the highest v. lowest quartile of flavanones intake (adjusted RRR = 0·24, 95 % CI 0·10, 0·59). CONCLUSIONS Flavonoids contained in fruits and vegetables, especially flavanones, might reduce the risk of non-allergic rhinitis. No associations were found between other flavonoids and the considered outcomes.
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Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Elemam NM, Hamoudi RA. Toxicogenomic analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data can predict food, drugs, and chemical-induced asthma. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:181-199. [PMID: 31692590 PMCID: PMC6717055 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s217535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background : With the increasing incidence of asthma, more attention is focused on the diverse and complex nutritional and environmental triggers of asthma exacerbations. Currently, there are no established risk assessment tools to evaluate asthma triggering potentials of most of the nutritional and environmental triggers encountered by asthmatic patients. Purpose The objective of this study is to devise a reliable workflow, capable of estimating the toxicogenomic effect of such factors on key player genes in asthma pathogenesis. Methods Gene expression extracted from publicly available datasets of asthmatic bronchial epithelium were subjected to a comprehensive analysis of differential gene expression to identify significant genes involved in asthma development and progression. The identified genes were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis using a total of 31,826 gene sets related to chemical, toxins, and drugs to identify common agents that share similar asthma-related targets genes and signaling pathways. Results Our analysis identified 225 differentially expressed genes between severe asthmatic and healthy bronchial epithelium. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of the identified genes showed that they are involved in response to toxic substances and organic cyclic compounds and are targeted by 41 specific diets, plants products, and plants related toxins (eg adenine, arachidonic acid, baicalein, caffeic acid, corilagin, curcumin, ellagic acid, luteolin, microcystin-RR, phytoestrogens, protoporphyrin IX, purpurogallin, rottlerin, and salazinic acid). Moreover, the identified chemicals share interesting inflammation-related pathways like NF-κB. Conclusion Our analysis was able to explain and predict the toxicity in terms of stimulating the differentially expressed genes between severe asthmatic and healthy epithelium. Such an approach can pave the way to generate a cost-effective and reliable source for asthma-specific toxigenic reports thus allowing the asthmatic patients, physicians, and medical researchers to be aware of the potential triggering factors with fatal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Yaseen Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat A Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Srisomboon Y, Poonyachoti S, Deachapunya C. Soy isoflavones enhance β-defensin synthesis and secretion in endometrial epithelial cells with exposure to TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28429578 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM β-defensins are important innate chemical barriers that protect the endometrium from pathogen invasion. The effects of soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, on the expression and secretion of porcine β-defensins (PBD) in endometrial epithelial cells were investigated under normal or poly I:C-stimulated conditions. METHOD OF STUDY Primary cultured porcine endometrial epithelial (PE) cells were pretreated with genistein or daidzein followed by poly I:C inoculation. During treatment, the culture media were analyzed for PBD 1-4 secretion by ELISA and the total RNA for PBD gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Porcine endometrial epithelial cells constitutively expressed PBD 1-4 and secreted PBD-1, PBD-2, and PBD-4. Genistein and daidzein enhanced PBD-2 expression and PBD-2 and PBD-3 secretion. These compounds also potentiated PBD-2 and PBD-3 expression and secretion which were upregulated by poly I:C. CONCLUSION Soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, could be potentially used for promoting the innate host defense of endometrium against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotesawee Srisomboon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutthasinee Poonyachoti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatsri Deachapunya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tansaz S, Durmann AK, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR. Hydrogel films and microcapsules based on soy protein isolate combined with alginate. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tansaz
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Cauerstr.6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Durmann
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Cauerstr.6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Cauerstr.6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Cauerstr.6 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Tansaz S, Boccaccini AR. Biomedical applications of soy protein: A brief overview. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:553-69. [PMID: 26402327 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Soy protein (SP) based materials are gaining increasing interest for biomedical applications because of their tailorable biodegradability, abundance, being relatively inexpensive, exhibiting low immunogenicity, and for being structurally similar to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues. Analysis of the available literature indicates that soy protein can be fabricated into different shapes, being relatively easy to be processed by solvent or melt based techniques. Furthermore soy protein can be blended with other synthetic and natural polymers and with inorganic materials to improve the mechanical properties and the bioactive behavior for several demands. This review discusses succinctly the biomedical applications of SP based materials focusing on processing methods, properties and applications highlighting future avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tansaz
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr.6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr.6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Smith LJ, Kalhan R, Wise RA, Sugar EA, Lima JJ, Irvin CG, Dozor AJ, Holbrook JT. Effect of a soy isoflavone supplement on lung function and clinical outcomes in patients with poorly controlled asthma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 313:2033-43. [PMID: 26010632 PMCID: PMC5443623 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Soy isoflavone supplements are used to treat several chronic diseases, although the data supporting their use are limited. Some data suggest that supplementation with soy isoflavone may be an effective treatment for patients with poor asthma control. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a soy isoflavone supplement improves asthma control in adolescent and adult patients with poorly controlled disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between May 2010 and August 2012 at 19 adult and pediatric pulmonary and allergy centers in the American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers network. Three hundred eighty-six adults and children aged 12 years or older with symptomatic asthma while taking a controller medicine and low dietary soy intake were randomized, and 345 (89%) completed spirometry at week 24. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly assigned to receive soy isoflavone supplement containing 100 mg of total isoflavones (n=193) or matching placebo (n=193) in 2 divided doses administered daily for 24 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome measure was change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) at 24 weeks. Secondary outcome measures were symptoms, episodes of poor asthma control, Asthma Control Test score (range, 5-25; higher scores indicate better control), and systemic and airway biomarkers of inflammation. RESULTS Mean changes in prebronchodilator FEV1 over 24 weeks were 0.03 L (95% CI, -0.01 to 0.08 L) in the placebo group and 0.01 L (95% CI, -0.07 to 0.07 L) in the soy isoflavone group, which were not significantly different (P = .36). Mean changes in symptom scores on the Asthma Control Test (placebo, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.42-2.54] vs soy isoflavones, 2.20 [95% CI, 1.53-2.87]; positive values indicate a reduction in symptoms), number of episodes of poor asthma control (placebo, 3.3 [95% CI, 2.7-4.1] vs soy isoflavones, 3.0 [95% CI, 2.4-3.7]), and changes in exhaled nitric oxide (placebo, -3.48 ppb [95% CI, -5.99 to -0.97 ppb] vs soy isoflavones, 1.39 ppb [95% CI, -1.73 to 4.51 ppb]) did not significantly improve more with the soy isoflavone supplement than with placebo. Mean plasma genistein level increased from 4.87 ng/mL to 37.67 ng/mL (P < .001) in participants receiving the supplement. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among adults and children aged 12 years or older with poorly controlled asthma while taking a controller medication, use of a soy isoflavone supplement, compared with placebo, did not result in improved lung function or clinical outcomes. These findings suggest that this supplement should not be used for patients with poorly controlled asthma. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01052116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Smith
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert A Wise
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Sugar
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John J Lima
- Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Allen J Dozor
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla
| | - Janet T Holbrook
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Eiffe E, Pasquier E, Kavallaris M, Herbert C, StC Black D, Kumar N. Synthesis, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity of novel 2-substituted isoflavenes. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5182-93. [PMID: 25189689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen novel 2-substituted isoflavenes were synthesised via nucleophilic addition to isoflavylium salts. Twelve of the newly synthesised isoflavenes, along with the unsubstituted parent isoflavene, were tested in cell viability assays against the SHEP neuroblastoma and MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. While the 2-substituted isoflavenes displayed a range of anti-proliferative activities, in most cases they were less active that the unsubstituted isoflavene (IC50=9.9 μM vs SHEP; IC50=33 μM vs MDA-MB-231). However, compound 7f, derived from the reaction between isoflavylium salt 5 and para-methoxyacetophenone, showed improved anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cells (IC50=7.6 μM). Furthermore, compound 7f, as well as analogues 7a, 7c, 11d and 14, inhibited the production of interleukin-6 in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Eiffe
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Eddy Pasquier
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; Metronomics Global Health Initiative, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Cristan Herbert
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David StC Black
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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15
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Cardet JC, Johns CB, Savage JH. Bacterial metabolites of diet-derived lignans and isoflavones inversely associate with asthma and wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:267-9. [PMID: 25190319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Cardet
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Christina B Johns
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Jessica H Savage
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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16
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Lifetime-dependent effects of bisphenol A on asthma development in an experimental mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100468. [PMID: 24950052 PMCID: PMC4065062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors are thought to contribute significantly to the increase of asthma prevalence in the last two decades. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenoestrogen commonly used in consumer products and the plastic industry. There is evidence and an ongoing discussion that endocrine disruptors like BPA may affect human health and also exert alterations on in the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate age-dependent effects of BPA on the asthma risk using a murine model to explain the controversial results reported till date. METHODS BALB/c mice were exposed to BPA via the drinking water for different time periods including pregnancy and breastfeeding. To induce an asthma phenotype, mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA), followed by an intrapulmonary allergen challenge. RESULTS BPA exposure during pregnancy and breastfeeding had no significant effect on asthma development in the offspring. In contrast, lifelong exposure from birth until the last antigen challenge clearly increased eosinophilic inflammation in the lung, airway hyperreactivity and antigen-specific serum IgE levels in OVA-sensitized adult mice compared to mice without BPA exposure. Surprisingly, BPA intake during the sensitization period significantly reduced the development of allergic asthma. This effect was reversed in the presence of a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the impact of BPA on asthma risk is strongly age-dependent and ranges from asthma-promoting to asthma-reducing effects. This could explain the diversity of results from previous studies regarding the observed health impact of BPA.
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Yeh CY, Jung CJ, Huang CN, Huang YC, Lien HT, Wang WB, Wang LF, Chia JS. A legume product fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae modulates cutaneous atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:194. [PMID: 24939647 PMCID: PMC4074418 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Isoflavone-containing soy products modulate allergic inflammation in mice. In our previously study, IFN-γ and IL-10 production increased in mice fed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae legume fermented product (SCLFP), demonstrating that SCLFP had immunomodulatory activity. In this study, we tested the anti-inflammatory effects of SCLFP in a mouse model of cutaneous atopic dermatitis inflammation induced by epicutaneous sensitization. Methods Epicutaneous exposure to protein allergens plus Staphylococcal enterotoxin B induced a T helper (Th)-2–dominant immune response as well as cutaneous atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in BALB/c mice. The thickness of the skin epithelium, eosinophil migration, and T helper responses were determined in patched skin and draining lymph nodes of mice fed with and without SCLFP. Results Epicutaneous exposure to protein allergens plus Staphylococcal enterotoxin B induced a T helper (Th)-2–dominant immune response as well as cutaneous atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in BALB/c mice. SCLFP feeding attenuated this cutaneous Th2 response, as evidenced by decreased thickening of the epidermis, less eosinophil infiltration, and lower levels of IL-5, IL-13, and CXCL11 expression compared to controls. Oral administration of SCLFP also modulated Th1 responses in draining lymph nodes, with lower levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 expression. Conclusion Oral intake of SCLFP modulated the induced Th2 inflammatory responses in skin and might have potential applications for the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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18
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Akond M, Liu S, Kantartzi SK, Meksem K, Bellaloui N, Lightfoot DA, Yuan J, Wang D, Kassem MA. Quantitative trait loci for seed isoflavone contents in 'MD96-5722' by 'Spencer' recombinant inbred lines of soybean. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1464-8. [PMID: 24499298 DOI: 10.1021/jf4040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones from soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have a significant impact on human health to reduce the risk of several major diseases. Breeding soybean for high isoflavone content in the seed is possible through marker-assisted selection (MAS) which can be based on quantitative trait loci (QTL). The objective of this study was to identify QTL controlling isoflavone content in a set of 'MD96-5722' by 'Spencer' recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of soybean. Wide variations were found for seed concentrations of daidzein, glycitein, genistein, and total isoflavones among the RIL populations. Three QTL were identified on three different linkage groups (LG) represented by three different chromosomes (Chr). One QTL that controlled daidzein content was identified on LG A1 (Chr 5), and two QTL that underlay glycitein content were identified on LG K (Chr 9) and LG B2 (Chr 14). Identified QTL could be functional in developing soybean with preferable isoflavone concentrations in the seeds through MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masum Akond
- Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fayetteville State University , Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301-4298, United States
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19
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Bime C, Wei CY, Holbrook J, Smith LJ, Wise RA. Association of dietary soy genistein intake with lung function and asthma control: a post-hoc analysis of patients enrolled in a prospective multicentre clinical trial. PRIMARY CARE RESPIRATORY JOURNAL : JOURNAL OF THE GENERAL PRACTICE AIRWAYS GROUP 2013; 21:398-404. [PMID: 22885561 DOI: 10.4104/pcrj.2012.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broad dietary patterns have been linked to asthma but the relative contribution of specific nutrients is unclear. Soy genistein has important anti-inflammatory and other biological effects that might be beneficial in asthma. A positive association was previously reported between soy genistein intake and lung function but not with asthma exacerbations. AIMS To conduct a post-hoc analysis of patients with inadequately controlled asthma enrolled in a prospective multicentre clinical trial to replicate this association. METHODS A total of 300 study participants were included in the analysis. Dietary soy genistein intake was measured using the Block Soy Foods Screener. The level of soy genistein intake (little or no intake, moderate intake, or high intake) was compared with baseline lung function (pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1))) and asthma control (proportion of participants with an episode of poor asthma control (EPAC) and annualised rates of EPACs over a 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS Participants with little or no genistein intake had a lower baseline FEV(1) than those with a moderate or high intake (2.26 L vs. 2.53 L and 2.47 L, respectively; p=0.01). EPACs were more common among those with no genistein intake than in those with a moderate or high intake (54% vs. 35% vs. 40%, respectively; p<0.001). These findings remained significant after adjustment for patient demographics and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS In patients with asthma, consumption of a diet with moderate to high amounts of soy genistein is associated with better lung function and better asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bime
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine-Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6801, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Soybeans are rich in immuno-modulatory isoflavones such as genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. These isoflavones are well-known antioxidants, chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory agents. Several epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of traditional soy food containing isoflavones is associated with reduced prevalence of chronic health disorders. Isoflavones are considered to be phytoestrogens because of their ability to bind to estrogen receptors. The literature is extensive on the chemistry, bio-availability, and bio-activity of isoflavones. However, their effects on immune response are yet to be fully understood, but are beginning to be appreciated. We review the role of isoflavones in regulation of the immune response and their potential clinical applications in immune-dysfunction. Special emphasis will be made regarding in vivo studies including humans and animal model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Masilamani
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Anbg 17-40G, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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21
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Wei J, Bhatt S, Chang LM, Sampson HA, Masilamani M. Isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, regulate mucosal immune response by suppressing dendritic cell function. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47979. [PMID: 23110148 PMCID: PMC3478285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, has been shown to have a strong adjuvant effect towards inhaled antigens contributing to airway inflammation. Isoflavones are anti-inflammatory molecules present in abundant quantities in soybeans. We investigated the effect of isoflavones on human dendritic cell (DC) activation via LPS stimulation and subsequent DC-mediated effector cell function both in vitro and in a mouse model of upper airway inflammation. Human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDC) were matured with LPS (or TNF-α) +/− isoflavones (genistein or daidzein). The surface expression levels of DC activation markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mature DCs +/− isoflavones were washed and cultured with freshly-isolated allogenic naïve CD4+ T cells for 5 days or with autologous natural killer (NK) cells for 2 hours. The percentages of proliferating IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells and cytokine levels in culture supernatants were assessed. NK cell degranulation and DC cytotoxicity were measured by flow cytometry. Isoflavones significantly suppressed the activation-induced expression of DC maturation markers (CD83, CD80, CD86) and MHC class I but not MHC class II molecules in vitro. Isoflavone treatment inhibited the ability of LPS-DCs to induce IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells. NK cell degranulation and the percentage of dead DCs were significantly increased in isoflavone-treated DC-NK co-culture experiments. Dietary isoflavones suppressed the mucosal immune response to intra-nasal sensitization of mice to ovalbumin. Similar results were obtained when isoflavones were co-administered during sensitization. These results demonstrate that soybean isoflavones suppress immune sensitization by suppressing DC-maturation and its subsequent DC-mediated effector cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wei
- The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shiven Bhatt
- The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Chang
- The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hugh A. Sampson
- The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Madhan Masilamani
- The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Regal JF, Regal RR, Meehan JL, Duan M, Mohrman ME. Contributions of age and sex to heterogeneity of symptoms and effectiveness of secondary prevention strategies in asthma as modeled in the Guinea pig. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 4:1-13. [PMID: 18958708 DOI: 10.1080/15476910601115085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in a guinea pig model of asthma have suggested that age and sex contribute both to the profile of asthma symptoms, i.e., asthma heterogeneity, as well as to the success of primary prevention strategies. The present study investigated the contributions of age and sex to the severity of central vs. peripheral airway hyperresponsiveness as well as to the effectiveness of secondary preventions strategies for asthma as modeled in the guinea pig. Experimental groups: Young/Young, sensitized and challenged before sexual maturity; Young/Adult, sensitized young and challenged after sexual maturity; Adult/Adult, sensitized and challenged after sexual maturity. Males and females were sensitized IP with 0.5 mg/kg ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged intratracheally with varying doses of OVA. Cellular infiltration into lung and lavage fluid, OVA specific IgG(1) as well as airway hyperresponsiveness to intravenous methacholine were determined 24 hr later. Airway hyperresponsiveness in central airways and peripheral lung was assessed by measurement of airway resistance, tissue damping and tissue elastance. Airway hyperresponsiveness with allergen sensitization and challenge was evident in male and female Adult/Adult animals and male Young/Young animals. Airway hyperresponsiveness in female Young/Young animals was not significant, despite marked airway eosinophilia. Changes in tissue elastance were more evident in OVA treated Adult/Adult compared to Young/Young animals. As allergen exposure decreased, a reduction in inflammation was seen in young females before other age sex groups. OVA induced increases in eosinophils were more pronounced in Young/Adult compared to Adult/Adult animals. Our results suggest that in asthmatic children, females may clinically benefit most from secondary prevention strategies to limit allergen exposure. In adult asthmatics, changes in tissue elastance may be significant, and secondary prevention strategies may be more effective in those sensitized as children compared to those sensitized as adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Regal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School Duluth, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota
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23
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Gao F, Wei D, Bian T, Xie P, Zou J, Mu H, Zhang B, Zhou X. Genistein attenuated allergic airway inflammation by modulating the transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3 and STAT-6 in a murine model of asthma. Pharmacology 2012; 89:229-36. [PMID: 22508471 DOI: 10.1159/000337180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genistein, a flavonoid in legumes and some herbal medicines, has various biological actions. Previous studies have shown that genistein decreased airway inflammation in allergic asthma. However, studies on how genistein affects immunoreactions in asthma are very limited. OBJECTIVE It was the aim of this study to investigate the effect of genistein on T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokines in a murine asthma model and to explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The asthma model was set up both in vivo and in vitro: the mice were divided into four groups in vivo, i.e. control group, ovalbumin-sensitized (OVA) group, Gen20 group (20 mg/kg genistein) and Gen40 group (40 mg/kg genistein), and into three groups in vitro, i.e. control group, OVA group, genistein group. Changes in lung histology were observed and concentrations of interleukin-4, interleukin-5 and interferon-γ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT-6) and T-box transcription factor (T-bet) in the lungs and CD4+ T cells of each group were detected by real-time PCR and the corresponding proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The results showed that genistein attenuated OVA-induced airway inflammation, decreased Th2-type cytokines and increased Th1-type cytokines. Additionally, our data suggested that genistein may modulate the Th1/Th2 reaction by inhibiting GATA-3 and STAT-6 production while increasing T-bet production. CONCLUSION Genistein may modulate the immunomodulatory actions caused by Th1/Th2 cytokines in asthma, at least partially, by the down-regulation of GATA-3 and STAT-6 and the up-regulation of T-bet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Emergency Department, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China
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24
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Shah S. Hormonal link to autoimmune allergies. ISRN ALLERGY 2012; 2012:910437. [PMID: 23724244 PMCID: PMC3658477 DOI: 10.5402/2012/910437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
IgE recognition of autoantigens might augment allergic inflammation in the absence of exogenous allergen exposure. Among allergy and autoimmunity, there is disproportionate representation of males before puberty and females after puberty, suggesting a role for sex hormones. Hormone allergy is an allergic reaction where the offending allergens are one's own hormones. It is an immune reaction to the hormones, which can interfere with the normal function of the hormones. It can occur perimenstrually in women along with the variation in menstrual cycle. The perimenstrual allergies are about the cyclic abundance of the hormone causing a cyclic expression of allergic symptoms. The inflammatory mechanisms of allergic reactions to hormone allergens, which are intrinsic to the body, are the same as the mechanisms of allergic reactions to external allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Shah
- Division of Science, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400032, India
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25
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Masilamani M, Wei J, Bhatt S, Paul M, Yakir S, Sampson HA. Soybean isoflavones regulate dendritic cell function and suppress allergic sensitization to peanut. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:1242-1250.e1. [PMID: 21696815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although peanut and soybean proteins share extensive amino acid sequence homology, the incidence and severity of allergic reactions to soy are much less than those to peanut. Soybeans are rich in anti-inflammatory isoflavones and are the most common source of isoflavones in the human food supply. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that the active isoflavones in the gut milieu are capable of modulating immune responses to dietary antigens by regulating dendritic cell (DC) function. METHODS We tested this hypothesis in a murine model of peanut allergy and in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). C3H/HeJ mice were fed a diet containing genistein and daidzein. The mice were sensitized and challenged with peanut, and the anaphylactic symptoms were compared with those of mice fed a soy-free diet. Human MDDCs were activated with cholera toxin in the presence of isoflavones. The surface expression of DC activation markers and DC-mediated effector functions were analyzed by means of flow cytometry. RESULTS Dietary isoflavones significantly reduced the anaphylactic symptoms and mast cell degranulation in vivo after peanut challenge. Serum peanut-specific antibodies were markedly reduced in mice fed the isoflavone diet. Isoflavones inhibited cholera toxin-induced DC maturation in the mesenteric lymph nodes and human MDDCs and subsequent DC-mediated CD4(+) T-cell function in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that dietary isoflavones suppress allergic sensitization and protect against peanut allergy in vivo. Dietary supplementation of soybean isoflavones could be a novel strategy to prevent the development of allergic reactions to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Masilamani
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Estrogen replacement therapy prevents airway dysfunction in a murine model of allergen-induced asthma. Lung 2008; 187:116-27. [PMID: 19083056 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-008-9129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that 17beta-estradiol (E2) prevents hyperresponsiveness to carbachol of murine asthmatic tracheal rings in vitro. We now investigated whether E2 is similarly effective in reducing airway hyperreactivity in a murine model of allergic asthma in vivo. Female ovariectomized BALB/c mice were rendered asthmatic by a 25-day protocol of sensitization to ovalbumin. Under positive-pressure ventilation, anesthetized asthmatic mice exhibited a dramatic increase in airway responsiveness to increasing doses of inhaled methacholine compared to PBS-sensitized controls, as reflected in decreased dynamic compliance of the respiratory system and increased tissue damping, tissue elastance, and airway resistance. Furthermore, asthmatic mice exhibited hypercellularity and increased protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage, strong signs of peribronchial cuffing with inflammatory cells and increased goblet cell activity. To test the effects of estrogen, three additional groups of mice were implanted subcutaneously with different amounts of slow-release E2 pellets at the time of ovariectomy and rendered asthmatic as before. E2 dose-dependently inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, reduced bronchoalveolar lavage hypercellularity, and virtually eliminated histologic signs of inflammation and goblet cell hyperactivity. The inflammation and airway hyperactivity in asthmatic mice was associated with an increase in bronchoalveolar lavage levels of TGFbeta1, which was completely abolished in E2-treated asthmatic mice. We conclude that estrogen replacement therapy effectively ameliorates the pathologic profile of murine allergic asthma.
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Livovsky DM, Lalazar G, Ben Ya'acov A, Pappo O, Preston S, Zolotaryova L, Ilan Y. Administration of beta-glycolipids overcomes an unfavorable nutritional dependent host milieu: a role for a soy-free diet and natural ligands in intrahepatic CD8+ lymphocyte trapping and NKT cell redistribution. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1298-305. [PMID: 18602077 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Soy-based diets are a major source of sphingolipids and play a complicated role in various aspects of the immune system. Administration of beta-glycolipids, including beta-glucosylceramide (GC), beta-lactosylceramide (LC) and a 1:1 combination of GC and LC (IGL) were shown to exert immune-modulatory effects. AIM To examine the effects of a soy-free diet, and several beta-glycolipids on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis in the presence of an altered host glycolipid milieu. METHODS ConA hepatitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice that were fed a soy-free diet (glycolipid content 200 micromol/kg). Two hours prior to administration of ConA, animals were injected IP with GC, LC, IGL or PBS. Animals were sacrificed 6 h after ConA administration. RESULTS Both a soy-free diet and administration of beta-glycolipids were associated with significant alterations in the distribution of NKT cells. Specifically, there was a decrease in intrahepatic and an increase in intrasplenic NKT lymphocytes. beta-glycolipids prevented the ConA-induced intrahepatic CD8 lymphocyte trapping, not seen in mice with only a soy-free diet. Both a soy-free diet and beta-glycolipids alleviated ConA-induced hepatitis by inhibiting IL10 secretion and increasing IL12 serum levels. The effect of IGL was clinically and immunological superior to that of either glycolipid alone. CONCLUSIONS Both a soy-free diet and beta-glycolipids can overcome the unfavorable host milieu in the setting of ConA hepatitis. The host glycolipid milieu profoundly influenced the immune and clinical effects of various insults, and suggests that alteration of the glycolipid background of the host can serve as a novel therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan M Livovsky
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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28
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Abstract
Despite the identical immunological mechanisms activating the release of mediators and consecutive symptoms in immediate-type allergy, there is still a clear clinical difference between female and male allergic patients. Even though the risk of being allergic is greater for boys in childhood, almost from adolescence onwards it seems to be a clear disadvantage to be a woman as far as atopic disorders are concerned. Asthma, food allergies and anaphylaxis are more frequently diagnosed in females. In turn, asthma and hay fever are associated with irregular menstruation. Pointing towards a role of sex hormones, an association of asthma and intake of contraceptives, and a risk for asthma exacerbations during pregnancy have been observed. Moreover, peri- and postmenopausal women were reported to increasingly suffer from asthma, wheeze and hay fever, being even enhanced by hormone replacement therapy. This may be on account of the recently identified oestradiol-receptor-dependent mast-cell activation. As a paradox of nature, women may even become hypersensitive against their own sex hormones, resulting in positive reactivity upon intradermal injection of oestrogen or progesterone. More importantly, this specific hypersensitivity is associated with recurrent miscarriages. Even though there is a striking gender-specific bias in IgE-mediated allergic diseases, public awareness of this fact still remains minimal today.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jensen-Jarolim
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kalhan R, Smith LJ, Nlend MC, Nair A, Hixon JL, Sporn PHS. A mechanism of benefit of soy genistein in asthma: inhibition of eosinophil p38-dependent leukotriene synthesis. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38:103-12. [PMID: 17979994 PMCID: PMC3873088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake of the soy isoflavone genistein is associated with reduced severity of asthma, but the mechanisms responsible for this effect are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether genistein blocks eosinophil leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) synthesis and to evaluate the mechanism of this effect, and to assess the impact of a 4-week period of soy isoflavone dietary supplementation on indices of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma patients. METHODS Human peripheral blood eosinophils were stimulated in the absence and presence of genistein, and LTC(4) synthesis was measured. 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) nuclear membrane translocation was assessed by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation was determined by immunoblot. Human subjects with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma and minimal or no soy intake were given a soy isoflavone supplement (100 mg/day) for 4 weeks. The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) and ex vivo eosinophil LTC(4) production were assessed before and after the soy isoflavone treatment period. RESULTS Genistein inhibited eosinophil LTC(4) synthesis (IC(50) 80 nm), blocked phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and its downstream target MAPKAP-2, and reduced translocation of 5-LO to the nuclear membrane. In patients with asthma, following 4 weeks of dietary soy isoflavone supplementation, ex vivo eosinophil LTC(4) synthesis decreased by 33% (N=11, P=0.02) and FE(NO) decreased by 18% (N=13, P=0.03). CONCLUSION At physiologically relevant concentrations, genistein inhibits eosinophil LTC(4) synthesis in vitro, probably by blocking p38- and MAPKAP-2-dependent activation of 5-LO. In asthma patients, dietary soy isoflavone supplementation reduces eosinophil LTC(4) synthesis and eosinophilic airway inflammation. These results support a potential role for soy isoflavones in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kalhan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Chalubinski M, Kowalski ML. Endocrine disrupters--potential modulators of the immune system and allergic response. Allergy 2006; 61:1326-35. [PMID: 17002710 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupters (EDs) are environmental pollutants of industrial or agricultural origin (e.g. herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, industrial chemicals) that may influence health of wildlife and human. Endocrine-disrupting effect is obtained by mimicking the action of the steroid hormones and has been associated with several reproductive disorders as well as cancerogenesis both in animals and humans. EDs can also influence synthesis of cytokines, immunoglobulins, and cell mediators as well as immune cell activation and survival. Modulation by EDs of interleukin-4 production, Th1/Th2 balance and IgE production suggest their potential effect on allergic immune responses. The aim of this review was to summarize data indicating a potential effect of EDs exposure on the immune system and allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chalubinski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Chair of Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Regal JF, Regal RR, Meehan JL, Mohrman ME. Primary prevention of asthma: age and sex influence sensitivity to allergen-induced airway inflammation and contribute to asthma heterogeneity in Guinea pigs. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 141:241-56. [PMID: 16931886 PMCID: PMC2978645 DOI: 10.1159/000095294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limiting allergen exposure in the sensitization phase has been proposed as a means of primary prevention of asthma, but its effectiveness is debated. HYPOTHESIS Primary prevention of asthma is more effective in limiting asthma symptoms in young guinea pigs compared with adults, whether males or females. METHODS The following experimental groups were used: young/young, sensitized and challenged before sexual maturity; young/adult, sensitized young and challenged after sexual maturity; adult/adult, sensitized and challenged after sexual maturity. Males and females were sensitized intraperitoneally with varying doses of ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged intratracheally with a constant OVA dose. Cellular infiltration into lung and lavage fluid as well as airway hyperresponsiveness to intravenous methacholine was determined 24 h later. RESULTS In unsensitized animals, density of resident inflammatory cells as well as baseline pulmonary function differed with age and sex. Maximum OVA-induced eosinophilia in females occurred at a lower sensitizing dose of OVA than in males, and the slopes of the dose-response relationship differed significantly between sexes. Young females had more pronounced increases in eosinophils compared with some adult treatment groups. The concentrations of OVA-specific antibodies were not directly related to differences in cellular infiltration. Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge was observed in all treatment groups. CONCLUSION Young animals require major reductions in allergen exposure compared with adults to effectively limit airway inflammation in primary prevention. Heterogeneity of asthma symptoms seen with age and sex suggests that primary prevention by limiting allergen exposure or treatment with anti-inflammatory or bronchodilator drugs may be more effective strategies for specific age and gender populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Regal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School Duluth, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 55812, USA.
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Cooke PS, Selvaraj V, Yellayi S. Genistein, estrogen receptors, and the acquired immune response. J Nutr 2006; 136:704-8. [PMID: 16484547 DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.3.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen regulates thymic development and immune function. Despite the critical role of estrogens in inducing thymic involution and modulating immune responses, the mechanism of this effect is unclear. Similarly, humans and animals are exposed to increasing amounts of the estrogenic soy isoflavone genistein in the diet, but whether genistein can induce immune changes has not been definitively established. We reported previously that genistein induces thymic atrophy in mice, and decreases both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. These thymic effects of genistein occur via estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated and non-ER-mediated pathways. Genistein injections produced the most pronounced effects, but dietary administration to mice that produced serum genistein concentrations similar to those reported in human infants consuming soy formula also had demonstrable effects. Microarray analysis of the effects of estradiol and genistein on neonatal thymus indicated that estradiol affected genes involved in transcription, apoptosis, cell cycle, and thymic development and function; genistein had similar effects on many estradiol target genes, but also had unique actions not replicated by estradiol. Despite extensive work showing inhibitory effects of genistein on immunity, other rodent studies reported that genistein or other phytoestrogens stimulate various aspects of immune function. Although the present data strongly indicate that genistein can regulate immune function, possibly at physiologic concentrations, further work is required to definitively establish overall thymic and immune effects of genistein and soy, which may vary with age, species, and specific end point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Cooke
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61802, USA.
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Irei AV, Takahashi K, Le DSNT, Ha PTN, Hung NTK, Kunii D, Sakai T, Matoba T, Yamamoto S. Obesity is associated with increased risk of allergy in Vietnamese adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005; 59:571-7. [PMID: 15702126 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of allergic diseases has remarkably increased in the last decades in tandem with the number of obese individuals. Results of studies on obesity and allergic diseases are controversial, and most of them are related to asthma and asthma-like symptoms. OBJECTIVE In our study, we evaluated the association of several obesity indices and the prevalence of allergic diseases, including bronchial asthma, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and food allergy. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. RESULTS From a total of 1185 adolescents (49.3% boys) aged 12 to 17 y old, 19.3% reported a physician-diagnosed allergic disease, and 35.3% reported undiagnosed allergic symptoms. Logistic regression analysis revealed a higher risk of allergy in children of middle (OR = 2.02, CI: 1.12-3.64) and high (OR = 2.40, CI: 1.25-4.61) compared to low socioeconomic status, in subjects reporting industrial emissions in the neighborhood (OR = 2.19, CI: 1.40-3.41), and in adolescents with parental history of allergy (OR = 1.92, CI: 1.26-2.92). Body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were significantly related to allergy (OR = 1.16, CI: 1.01-1.34 for BMI; OR = 1.03, CI: 1.01-1.06 for %BF). After controlling for socioeconomic status, industrial emissions and parental history of allergy, only %BF remained statistically significant (OR = 1.03, CI: 1.01-1.06). Food allergy was not related to obesity in our study population, and when adolescents with food allergy were excluded from the analysis, the odds of having allergy increased 28% with each increase in SD of BMI (OR = 1.28, CI: 1.05-1.57) and 5% for each unit increase in the percentage of body fat (OR = 1.05, CI: 1.01-1.08). CONCLUSION In conclusion, being overweight was associated with an increased risk of allergy in our study population. Our results point towards an association between being overweight and rhino-conjunctivitis, but not food allergy. No association was observed with other allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Irei
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Nara City, Japan
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Wesselkamper SC, McDowell SA, Medvedovic M, Dalton TP, Deshmukh HS, Sartor MA, Case LM, Henning LN, Borchers MT, Tomlinson CR, Prows DR, Leikauf GD. The role of metallothionein in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005; 34:73-82. [PMID: 16166738 PMCID: PMC2644192 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0248oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Often fatal, acute lung injury has a complicated etiology. Previous studies from our laboratory in mice have demonstrated that survival during acute lung injury is a complex trait governed by multiple loci. We also found that the increase in metallothionein (MT) is one of the greatest noted in transcriptome-wide analyses of gene expression. To assess the role of MT in nickel-induced acute lung injury, the survival of Mt-transgenic, Mt1/2(+/+), and Mt1/2(-/-) mice was compared. Pulmonary inflammation and global gene expression were compared in Mt1/2(+/+) and Mt1/2(-/-) mice. Gene-targeted Mt1/2(-/-) mice were more susceptible than Mt1/2(+/+) mice to nickel-induced inflammation, surfactant-associated protein B transcript loss, and lethality. Similarly, Mt-transgenic mice exhibited increased survival. MAPPFinder analyses also noted significant decreases in genes involved in protein processing (e.g., ubiquitination, folding), which were greater in Mt1/2(-/-) mice as compared with Mt1/2(+/+) mice early in the progression of acute lung injury, possibly due to a zinc-mediated transcript destabilization. In contrast, transcript levels of genes associated with the inflammatory response, extracellular matrix regulation, and coagulation/fibrinolysis were increased more in Mt1/2(-/-) mice as compared with Mt1/2(+/+) mice late in the development of acute lung injury. Thus, MT ultimately improves survival in the progression of acute lung injury in mice. Transcriptome-wide analysis suggests that this survival may be mediated through changes in the destabilization of transcripts associated with protein processing, the subsequent augmentation of transcripts controlling inflammation, extracellular matrix regulation, coagulation/fibrinolysis, and disruption of surfactant homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Wesselkamper
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
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Smith LJ, Holbrook JT, Wise R, Blumenthal M, Dozor AJ, Mastronarde J, Williams L. Dietary intake of soy genistein is associated with lung function in patients with asthma. J Asthma 2005; 41:833-43. [PMID: 15641633 DOI: 10.1081/jas-200038447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To determine if micronutrient intake is associated with asthma severity, we administered the Block food frequency questionnaire to participants in a randomized clinical trial of the safety of influenza vaccine for asthmatics. The nutrition substudy included 1033 participants, aged 12-75. Intake of antioxidant vitamins, soy isoflavones, total fruits and vegetables, fats, and fiber was compared with asthma severity at baseline [forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), asthma symptoms] and the rate of asthma exacerbations during the 2 weeks following influenza vaccination. The only nutrient that had a consistent association with asthma severity was genistein, a soy isoflavone. None of the nutrients evaluated were related to asthma exacerbation rate when adjusted for known confounders. The FEV1 in genistein consumers of at least 250 microg/1000 Kcal/day was 82.1% predicted, 79.9% predicted for those who consumed between 1 and 249 microg/1000 kcal, and 76.2% predicted in genistein nonconsumers (p=0.006); the PEF was 82.7% predicted, 80.8% predicted, and 78.3% predicted, respectively (p=0.009). There were no differences in the Asthma Symptom Utility Index (ASUI). We could not account for these results based on differences in demographics, body mass index, or consumption of other nutrients. Thus, increasing consumption of genistein is associated with better lung function in patients with asthma. Further studies are needed to determine whether dietary supplementation with genistein can reduce asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Smith
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
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Abstract
Consumption of soy protein is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in man, and reduced atherosclerosis in a variety of experimental animals. Although a portion of the cardiovascular protective effects appears to be due to reductions in plasma lipoprotein concentration, in most people the magnitude of this effect is relatively small. In many, but not all studies using animal models, the reduction in atherosclerosis is in part independent of changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins. This implies that there may be a direct effect on the arterial wall of one or more of the components in soyprotein that reduces susceptibility to atherosclerosis. The most actively studied components of soy protein that may be responsible for these anti-atherogenic effects are the isoflavones and various protein factions. Extraction of isoflavones and other alcohol-soluble components from soy protein lowers, but does not eliminate its ability to reduce atherosclerosis. Surprisingly, in most studies, adding back the isoflavone-rich alcohol extract to the previously extracted soy protein, or to another protein, does not restore its lipoprotein lowering or anti-atherogenic properties. This implies that alcohol extraction either destroys an active component of soy, alters the structural integrity of the soy proteins, or disassociates a required isoflavone-soy protein complex. Understanding the mechanism of this effect is an important goal for future research. Likewise, the sites of action on the arterial wall, and the mechanisms by which various soy components act to reduce atherosclerosis are just now being studied. The recent demonstration that expression of estrogen receptor alpha is required for atheroprotection by soy protein provides important new mechanistic insight. Other properties of soy, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and potentially antithrombogenic properties need to be explored more mechanistically before the full potential of dietary soy protein for the protection from cardiovascular disease will be known.
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Affiliation(s)
- R St Clair
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Celec P, Ostatníková D, Cagánová M, Zuchová S, Hodosy J, Putz Z, Bernadic M, Kúdela M. Endocrine and cognitive effects of short-time soybean consumption in women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2004; 59:62-6. [PMID: 15528926 DOI: 10.1159/000081895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy phytoestrogens are known to influence the hormonal status acting as partial estrogen agonists. Soy-derived food supplements are advised for hormone replacement therapy, prevention of atherosclerosis, age-related cognitive decline and even hormone-dependent cancer, although results from clinical studies are controversial. Whether increased soybean intake can affect the endocrine status and cognitive abilities is largely unknown. AIM To observe the effects of 1 week of increased soybean intake on sex hormone levels and spatial cognitive abilities in women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 16 young healthy female volunteers were asked to eat 900 g of soybeans within 1 week. Salivary testosterone (T), free and total plasma T, salivary and plasma estradiol (E) were measured by radioimmunoassay before and after the study period. Mental rotation (MR) and spatial visualization (SV) psychological tests were done at the days of sampling. RESULTS Soybean intake increased total plasma T levels (p < 0.02) while decreasing salivary T (p < 0.01) and not altering free plasma T levels. Salivary and plasma E levels were not changed. The results of MR and SV tests were improved after the study period. CONCLUSION Short-time increased soybean intake alters the level of total plasma and salivary T and improves spatial cognition in women. Whether this effect is mediated by modulation of estrogen receptors, changes in sex hormone-binding globulin production or changes in activity of steroid-competent enzymes needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Celec
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Dijsselbloem N, Vanden Berghe W, De Naeyer A, Haegeman G. Soy isoflavone phyto-pharmaceuticals in interleukin-6 affections. Multi-purpose nutraceuticals at the crossroad of hormone replacement, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:1171-85. [PMID: 15313415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Accepted: 05/11/2004] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine which plays a crucial role in immune physiology and is tightly controlled by hormonal feedback mechanisms. After menopause or andropause, loss of the normally inhibiting sex steroids (estrogen, testosterone) results in elevated IL6 levels that are further progressively increasing with age. Interestingly, excessive IL6 production promotes tumorigenesis (breast, prostate, lung, colon, ovarian), and accounts for several disease-associated pathologies and phenotypical changes of advanced age, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, neurodegenerative diseases and frailty. In this respect, pharmacological modulation of IL6 gene expression levels may have therapeutical benefit in preventing cancer progression, ageing discomforts and restoring immune homeostasis. Although "plant extracts" are used in folk medicine within living memory, it is only since the 20th century that numerous scientific investigations have been performed to discover potential health-protective food compounds or "nutraceuticals" which might prevent cancer and ageing diseases. About 2000 years ago, Hippocrates already highlighted "Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food". Various nutrients in the diet play a crucial role in maintaining an "optimal" immune response, such that deficient or excessive intakes can have negative consequences on the organism's immune status and susceptibility to a variety of pathologies. Over the last few decades, various immune-modulating nutrients have been identified, which interfere with IL6 gene expression. Currently, a broad range of phyto-pharmaceuticals with a claimed hormonal activity, called "phyto-estrogens", is recommended for prevention of various diseases related to a disturbed hormonal balance (i.e. menopausal ailments and/or prostate/breast cancer). In this respect, there is a renewed interest in soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, biochanin) as potential superior alternatives to the synthetic selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which are currently applied in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). As phyto-chemicals integrate hormonal ligand activities and interference with signaling cascades, therapeutic use may not be restricted to hormonal ailments only, but may have applications in cancer chemoprevention and/or NF-kappaB-related inflammatory disorders as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dijsselbloem
- Laboratory for Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction, Department of Molecular Biology, Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Belgium
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Abstract
Collectively, plants contain several different families of natural products among which are compounds with weak estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity toward mammals. These compounds, termed phytoestrogens, include certain isoflavonoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans. The best-studied dietary phytoestrogens are the soy isoflavones and the flaxseed lignans. Their perceived health beneficial properties extend beyond hormone-dependent breast and prostate cancers and osteoporosis to include cognitive function, cardiovascular disease, immunity and inflammation, and reproduction and fertility. In the future, metabolic engineering of plants could generate novel and exquisitely controlled dietary sources with which to better assess the potential health beneficial effects of phytoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Dixon
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA.
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Wade MG, Lee A, McMahon A, Cooke G, Curran I. The influence of dietary isoflavone on the uterotrophic response in juvenile rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:1517-25. [PMID: 12963004 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current in vivo methods to identify and assess reproductive hazards of endocrine disrupting substances are often confounded by the presence of isoflavones (genistein, diadzein, glycitein), strongly hormonally-active substances, in the diet of laboratory rodents. However, studies that have attempted to study the influence of dietary isoflavone on qualitative and quantitative uterotrophic responses have been limited by the few doses of isoflavone tested, stress to the animals due to changing of the diet immediately prior to testing and/or comparing effects of diets of very different composition. The current study examined the effects of isoflavone on uterotrophic response by using immature female rats reared from conception on diets varying only in the amount of isoflavone concentrate (Novasoy) added to a virtually isoflavone-free soya-based diet. The effects of these diets, and a soya-free semipurified diet (AIN 93G) on uterotrophic responses to treatment with a strong (Ethinyl Estradiol, EE) or a weak (bisphenol A, BPA) estrogenic substance were examined. The pups were treated with subcutaneous injections of either EE (1 microg/kg/day), BPA (600 mg/kg/day) or corn oil (vehicle) control for 3 days starting at weaning on post natal day (PND) 21. On the morning of PND 24 pups were sacrificed and uterus weight, epithelium labeling index (Bromo deoxyuridine incorporation), uterine epithelium thickness, and peroxidase activity were determined. Diet did not influence unstimulated uterine weight, epithelial height or peroxidase activity except at the highest isoflavone diet where animals had significantly increases in all three endpoints. Uterine weight, epithelial thickness and peroxidase were all significantly increased by EE or BPA treatment. There was no evidence of diet-induced potentiation or inhibition of the stimulatory actions of either EE or BPA on either uterine weight or epithelial thickness while EE-induced increase in uterine peroxidase activity was increased synergistically by the highest dose of isoflavone. A similar response to the latter effect was seen in BPA treated animals although this response was not significantly different from that of BPA treated rats fed the isoflavone-free soy diet. The rate of endometrial epithelium labeling with BrdU was not altered by any treatment. These results indicate that dietary isoflavone content can directly influence uterine weight and other estrogen-dependent endpoints demonstrating the potential of these to reduce the active range of the uterotrophic assay. However, there is no indication that isoflavones impair or potentiate the stimulatory action of either strong (EE) or weaker (BPA) estrogen agonists on uterine weight or epithelial morphology although the data do suggest the potential for synergy between high isoflavone content and estrogen agonist in inducing uterine peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Wade
- Environmental & Occupational Toxicology Division, Healthy Environments & Consumer Safety Branch, Room 315, Environmental Health Centre, PL 0803D, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0L2.
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McElwee KJ, Niiyama S, Freyschmidt-Paul P, Wenzel E, Kissling S, Sundberg JP, Hoffmann R. Dietary soy oil content and soy-derived phytoestrogen genistein increase resistance to alopecia areata onset in C3H/HeJ mice. Exp Dermatol 2003; 12:30-6. [PMID: 12631244 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2003.120104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a complex, multi-factorial disease where genes and the environment may affect susceptibility and severity. Diet is an environmental factor with the potential to influence disease susceptibility. We considered dietary soy (soya) oil content and the soy-derived phytoestrogen genistein as potential modifying agents for C3H/HeJ mouse AA. Normal haired C3H/HeJ mice were grafted with skin from spontaneous AA affected mice, a method previously shown to induce AA. Grafted mice were given one of three diets containing 1%, 5% or 20% soy oil and observed for AA development. In a separate study, mice on a 1% soy oil diet were injected with 1 mg of genistein three times per week for 10 weeks or received the vehicle as a control. Of mice on 1%, 5%, and 20% soy oil diets, 43 of 50 mice (86%), 11 of 28 mice (39%), and 2 of 11 mice (18%) developed AA, respectively. Four of 10 mice injected with genistein and 9 of 10 controls developed AA. Mice with AA had hair follicle inflammation consistent with observations for spontaneous mouse AA, but no significant association was observed between the extent of hair loss and diet or genistein injection. Mice that failed to develop AA typically experience white hair regrowth from their skin grafts associated with a moderate macrophage and dendritic cell infiltration. Soy oil and derivatives have previously been reported to modify inflammatory conditions. Hypothetically, soy oil compounds may act on C3H/HeJ mice through modulating estrogen-dependent mechanisms and/or inflammatory activity to modify AA susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J McElwee
- Department of Dermatology, Philipp University, Marburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the most common cause of death in most Western countries. Nutrition factors contribute importantly to this high risk for ASCVD. Favourable alterations in diet can reduce six of the nine major risk factors for ASCVD, i.e. high serum LDL-cholesterol levels, high fasting serum triacylglycerol levels, low HDL-cholesterol levels, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Wholegrain foods may be one the healthiest choices individuals can make to lower the risk for ASCVD. Epidemiological studies indicate that individuals with higher levels (in the highest quintile) of whole-grain intake have a 29 % lower risk for ASCVD than individuals with lower levels (lowest quintile) of whole-grain intake. It is of interest that neither the highest levels of cereal fibre nor the highest levels of refined cereals provide appreciable protection against ASCVD. Generous intake of whole grains also provides protection from development of diabetes and obesity. Diets rich in wholegrain foods tend to decrease serum LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels as well as blood pressure while increasing serum HDL-cholesterol levels. Whole-grain intake may also favourably alter antioxidant status, serum homocysteine levels, vascular reactivity and the inflammatory state. Whole-grain components that appear to make major contributions to these protective effects are: dietary fibre; vitamins; minerals; antioxidants; phytosterols; other phytochemicals. Three servings of whole grains daily are recommended to provide these health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Anderson
- Metabolic Research Group, VA Medical Center and University of Kentucky, (111C) Cooper Drive Room B402, Lexington, KY 40511, USA.
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Morin JP, Rumigny JF, Bion A, Dionnet F. Isoflavones protect against diesel engine exhaust injury in organotypic culture of lung tissue. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2002; 12:213-220. [PMID: 21782640 DOI: 10.1016/s1382-6689(02)00066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2002] [Revised: 06/03/2002] [Accepted: 06/03/2002] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The wide range of potential health beneficial effects of isoflavones, including a chemoprentive action, have prompted us to study the potential benefits of genistein and daidzein in an experimental model of environmental pollution impact on lung tissue. A diesel engine placed was used to generate reproducible emissions including both gaseous and particulate matters that are commonly found in urban atmospheres. Isoflavones were added to culture medium of rat lung slices 2 h prior to their exposure to pollutants for 3 h. Intracellular ATP and GSH levels, TNFα production, nucleosome assay and TUNEL labeling were monitored. Isoflavones showed almost total in vitro protection against inflammatory and pro-apoptotic responses in lung slices. Isoflavones 0.3 and 1 μmol/l protected against exhaust induced GSH depletion. Isoflavones 0.3 μmol/l appeared to exert the most beneficial effects. In conclusion, this study points out the potential interest of soy isoflavones consumption in polluted areas. Further studies should be undertaken to verify that similar effects could be obtained after in vivo administration of isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Morin
- INSERM E9920, Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France
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