1
|
Abudu O, Nguyen D, Millward I, Manning JE, Wahid M, Lightfoot A, Marcon F, Merard R, Margielewska-Davies S, Roberts K, Brown R, Powell-Brett S, Nicol SM, Zayou F, Croft WD, Pearce H, Moss P, Iqbal AJ, McGettrick HM. Interplay in galectin expression predicts patient outcomes in a spatially restricted manner in PDAC. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116283. [PMID: 38377735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins (Gal's) are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that are known to support the tumour microenvironment through their immunosuppressive activity and ability to promote metastasis. As such they are attractive therapeutic targets, but little is known about the cellular expression pattern of galectins within the tumour and its neighbouring stromal microenvironment. Here we investigated the cellular expression pattern of Gals within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS Galectin gene and protein expression were analysed by scRNAseq (n=4) and immunofluorescence imaging (n=19) in fibroblasts and epithelial cells of pancreatic biopsies from PDAC patients. Galectin surface expression was also assessed on tumour adjacent normal fibroblasts and cancer associated primary fibroblasts from PDAC biopsies using flow cytometry. RESULTS scRNAseq revealed higher Gal-1 expression in fibroblasts and higher Gal-3 and -4 expression in epithelial cells. Both podoplanin (PDPN+, stromal/fibroblast) cells and EpCAM+ epithelial cells expressed Gal-1 protein, with highest expression seen in the stromal compartment. By contrast, significantly more Gal-3 and -4 protein was expressed in ductal cells expressing either EpCAM or PDPN, when compared to the stroma. Ductal Gal-4 cellular expression negatively correlated with ductal Gal-1, but not Gal-3 expression. Higher ductal cellular expression of Gal-1 correlated with smaller tumour size and better patient survival. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the intricate interplay and cell-specific expression patterns of galectins within the PDAC tissue, particularly the inverse correlation between Gal-1 and Gal-4 in ducts and its significant association with patient survival, highlights the complex molecular landscape underlying PDAC and provides valuable insights for future therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oladimeji Abudu
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Isabel Millward
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Julia E Manning
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mussarat Wahid
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Abbey Lightfoot
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francesca Marcon
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Reena Merard
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | | | - Keith Roberts
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Rachel Brown
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Sarah Powell-Brett
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Samantha M Nicol
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fouzia Zayou
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wayne D Croft
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hayden Pearce
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bogut A, Stojanovic B, Jovanovic M, Dimitrijevic Stojanovic M, Gajovic N, Stojanovic BS, Balovic G, Jovanovic M, Lazovic A, Mirovic M, Jurisevic M, Jovanovic I, Mladenovic V. Galectin-1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Bridging Tumor Biology, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15500. [PMID: 37958483 PMCID: PMC10650903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat, with a complex interplay of molecular pathways contributing to its aggressive nature. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the galectin family, has emerged as a pivotal player in the PDAC microenvironment, influencing various aspects from tumor growth and angiogenesis to immune modulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted role of Galectin-1 in PDAC. We delve into its contributions to tumor stroma remodeling, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and potential implications for therapeutic interventions. The challenges associated with targeting Gal-1 are discussed, given its pleiotropic functions and complexities in different cellular conditions. Additionally, the promising prospects of Gal-1 inhibition, including the utilization of nanotechnology and theranostics, are highlighted. By integrating recent findings and shedding light on the intricacies of Gal-1's involvement in PDAC, this review aims to provide insights that could guide future research and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bogut
- City Medical Emergency Department, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bojan Stojanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.); (G.B.)
- Department of General Surgery, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Marina Jovanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.J.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Nevena Gajovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Bojana S. Stojanovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Goran Balovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Milan Jovanovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Lazovic
- Department of General Surgery, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Milos Mirovic
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Kotor, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro;
| | - Milena Jurisevic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Violeta Mladenovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.J.); (V.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiu Y, Wang H, Guo Q, Liu Y, He Y, Zhang G, Yang C, Du Y, Gao F. CD44s-activated tPA/LRP1-NFκB pathway drives lamellipodia outgrowth in luminal-type breast cancer cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1224827. [PMID: 37842093 PMCID: PMC10569302 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1224827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Some cancer cells migration and metastasis are characterized by the outgrowth of lamellipodia protrusions in which the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Evidence has confirmed that lamellipodia formation could be regulated by various adhesion molecules, such as CD44, and we previously reported that lamellipodia at the leading edge of luminal type breast cancer (BrCa) were enriched with high expression of CD44. In this study, we found that the overexpression of CD44s could promote lamellipodia formation in BrCa cells through inducing tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) upregulation, which was achieved by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation. Moreover, we revealed that tPA could interact with LDL receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) to activate the downstream NFκB signaling pathway, which in turn facilitate lamellipodia formation. Notably, inhibition of the tPA/LRP1-NFkB signaling cascade could attenuate the CD44s-induced lamellipodia formation. Thus, our findings uncover a novel role of CD44s in driving lamellipodia outgrowth through tPA/LRP1-NFkB axis in luminal BrCa cells that may be helpful for seeking potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Qiu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kruk L, Braun A, Cosset E, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052959. [PMID: 36873388 PMCID: PMC9981828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that galectins influence many steps of cancer development by inducing the recruitment of immune cells to the inflammatory sites and modulating the effector function of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Recent studies described that different isoforms of galectins can induce platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule release through the interaction with platelet-specific glycoproteins and integrins. Patients with cancer and/or deep-venous thrombosis have increased levels of galectins in the vasculature, suggesting that these proteins could be important contributors to cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of galectins in inflammatory and thrombotic events, influencing tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of anti-cancer therapies targeting galectins in the pathological context of cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Cosset
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aberrant transcription factors in the cancers of the pancreas. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:28-45. [PMID: 36058426 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are essential for proper activation of gene set during the process of organogenesis, differentiation, lineage specificity. Reactivation or dysregulation of TFs regulatory networks could lead to deformation of organs, diseases including various malignancies. Currently, understanding the mechanism of oncogenesis became necessity for the development of targeted therapeutic strategy for different cancer types. It is evident that many TFs go awry in cancers of the pancreas such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs). These mutated or dysregulated TFs abnormally controls various signaling pathways in PDAC and PanNENs including RTK, PI3K-PTEN-AKT-mTOR, JNK, TGF-β/SMAD, WNT/β-catenin, SHH, NOTCH and VEGF which in turn regulate different hallmarks of cancer. Aberrant regulation of such pathways have been linked to the initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance in pancreatic cancer. As of today, a number of TFs has been identified as crucial regulators of pancreatic cancer and a handful of them shown to have potential as therapeutic targets in pre-clinical and clinical settings. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the role and therapeutic usefulness of TFs in PDAC and PanNENs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao X, Li H, Lyu S, Zhai J, Ji Z, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wang H, Xu J, Fan H, Kou J, Li L, Lang R, He Q. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals heterogeneous progression and EGFR activation in pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2590-2605. [PMID: 34326696 PMCID: PMC8315026 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) — a rare pathological pancreatic cancer (PC) type — has a poor prognosis due to high malignancy. To examine the heterogeneity of PASC, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiling with sample tissues from a healthy donor pancreas, an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and a patient with PASC. Of 9,887 individual cells, ten cell subpopulations were identified, including myeloid, immune, ductal, fibroblast, acinar, stellate, endothelial, and cancer cells. Cancer cells were divided into five clusters. Notably, cluster 1 exhibited stem-like phenotypes expressing UBE2C, ASPM, and TOP2A. We found that S100A2 is a potential biomarker for cancer cells. LGALS1, NPM1, RACK1, and PERP were upregulated from ductal to cancer cells. Furthermore, the copy number variations in ductal and cancer cells were greater than in the reference cells. The expression of EREG, FCGR2A, CCL4L2, and CTSC increased in myeloid cells from the normal pancreas to PASC. The gene sets expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts were enriched in the immunosuppressive pathways. We demonstrate that EGFR-associated ligand-receptor pairs are activated in ductal-stromal cell communications. Hence, this study revealed the heterogeneous variations of ductal and stromal cells, defined cancer-associated signaling pathways, and deciphered intercellular interactions following PASC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shaocheng Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jialei Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhiwei Ji
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- School of Information Management and Statistics, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China
| | - Xinxue Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Huaguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Junming Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jiantao Kou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Toti A, Santi A, Pardella E, Nesi I, Tomasini R, Mello T, Paoli P, Caselli A, Cirri P. Activated fibroblasts enhance cancer cell migration by microvesicles-mediated transfer of Galectin-1. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:405-419. [PMID: 34021474 PMCID: PMC8222460 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the main components of the stromal compartment in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the crosstalk between CAFs and cancer cells is essential for tumor progression and aggressiveness. Cancer cells mediate an activation process, converting normal fibroblasts into CAFs, that are characterized by modified expression of many proteins and increased production and release of microvesicles (MVs), extracellular vesicles generated by outwards budding from the cell membrane. Recent evidence underlined that the uptake of CAF-derived MVs changes the overall protein content of tumor cells. In this paper, we demonstrate that tumor activated fibroblasts overexpress Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and consequently release MVs containing increased levels of this protein. The uptake of Gal-1 enriched MVs by tumor cells leads to the upregulation of its intracellular concentration, that strongly affects cancer cell migration, while neither proliferation nor adhesion are altered. Accordingly, tumor cells co-cultured with fibroblasts silenced for Gal-1 have a reduced migratory ability. The present work reveals the key role of an exogenous protein, Gal-1, derived from activated fibroblasts, in cancer progression, and contributes to clarify the importance of MVs-mediated protein trafficking in regulating tumor-stroma crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Toti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alice Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.,Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elisa Pardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ilaria Nesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Richard Tomasini
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Tommaso Mello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Caselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cirri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Role of targeted immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatment: An overview. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107508. [PMID: 33725635 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest solid tumors with a high mortality rate and poor survival rate. Depending on the tumor stage, PDAC is either treated by resection surgery, chemotherapies, or radiotherapies. Various chemotherapeutic agents have been used to treat PDAC, alone or in combination. Despite the combinations, chemotherapy exhibits many side-effects leading to an increase in the toxicity profile amongst the PDAC patients. Additionally, these standard chemotherapeutic agents have only a modest impact on patient survival due to their limited efficacy. PDAC was previously considered as an immunologically silent malignancy, but recent findings have demonstrated that effective immune-mediated tumor cell death can be used for its treatment. PDAC is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment accompanied by the major expression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and M2 tumor-associated macrophages. In contrast, the expression of CD8+ T cells is significantly low. Additionally, infiltration of mast cells in PDAC correlates with the poor prognosis. Immunotherapeutic agents target the immunity mediators and empower them to suppress the tumor and effectively treat PDAC. Different targets are studied and exploited to induce an antitumor immune response in PDAC patients. In recent times, site-specific delivery of immunotherapeutics also gained attention among researchers to effectively treat PDAC. In the present review, existing immunotherapies for PDAC treatment along with their limitations are addressed in detail. The review also includes the pathophysiology, traditional strategies and significance of targeted immunotherapies to combat PDAC effectively. Separately, the identification of ideal targets for the targeted therapy of PDAC is also reviewed exhaustively. Additionally, the review also addresses the applications of targeted immunotherapeutics like checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell therapy etc.
Collapse
|
9
|
Heissig B, Salama Y, Osada T, Okumura K, Hattori K. The Multifaceted Role of Plasminogen in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052304. [PMID: 33669052 PMCID: PMC7956603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinolytic factors like plasminogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) dissolve clots. Though mere extracellular-matrix-degrading enzymes, fibrinolytic factors interfere with many processes during primary cancer growth and metastasis. Their many receptors give them access to cellular functions that tumor cells have widely exploited to promote tumor cell survival, growth, and metastatic abilities. They give cancer cells tools to ensure their own survival by interfering with the signaling pathways involved in senescence, anoikis, and autophagy. They can also directly promote primary tumor growth and metastasis, and endow tumor cells with mechanisms to evade myelosuppression, thus acquiring drug resistance. In this review, recent studies on the role fibrinolytic factors play in metastasis and controlling cell-death-associated processes are presented, along with studies that describe how cancer cells have exploited plasminogen receptors to escape myelosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Heissig
- Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3813-3111
| | - Yousef Salama
- An-Najah Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine;
| | - Taro Osada
- Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba 279-0021, Japan;
| | - Ko Okumura
- Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Center for Genomic & Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu T, Xu X, Liu PC, Mao H, Ju S. Transcriptomic Analyses and Potential Therapeutic Targets of Pancreatic Cancer With Concomitant Diabetes. Front Oncol 2020; 10:563527. [PMID: 33251135 PMCID: PMC7672183 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.563527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Liu
- The College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shenghong Ju,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qin H, Qin B, Yuan C, Chen Q, Xing D. Pancreatic Cancer detection via Galectin-1-targeted Thermoacoustic Imaging: validation in an in vivo heterozygosity model. Theranostics 2020; 10:9172-9185. [PMID: 32802185 PMCID: PMC7415802 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (MTAI) in detecting small pancreatic tumors (< 10 mm in diameter) and to complement the limitation of current clinical imaging methods. Methods: A home-made MTAI system composed of a portable antenna and pulsed microwave generator was developed. The thermoacoustic nanoparticles were composed of the galectin-1 antibody for targeting pancreatic tumors and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as microwave absorbers (anti-Gal1-Fe3O4 nanoparticles). The microwave absorption properties of the nanoparticles were measured with a vector network analyzer and the resolving power of MTAI was investigated by imaging excised pancreatic tumors of different sizes (diameters of 1.0 mm, 3.1 mm, 5.0 mm, 7.2 mm). To simulate actual imaging scenarios, an in vivo heterozygosity model was constructed by covering the pancreatic tumors (~ 3 mm in diameter) in BALB/c nude mice with biologic tissue (~ 5 cm in depth). MTAI images of the heterozygosity model were acquired with/without the injection of the anti-Gal1-Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the thermoacoustic contrast from pancreatic tumors was evaluated with Student's paired t test. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and nonparametric statistics. Results: Following intravenous infusion, anti-Gal1-Fe3O4 nanoparticles efficiently accumulated in the tumor. The MTAI contrast enhancement in pancreatic tumors with anti-Gal1-Fe3O4 nanoparticles was verified in vitro and in vivo. The pancreatic tumors were visible in nude mice examined with MTAI with a mean contrast enhancement ratio of 2.3 ± 0.15 (standard error of the mean) (P =. 001) at 6 h post-injection of the nanoparticles. MTAI identified tiny pancreatic tumors in deep tissues with high fidelity. Conclusion: MTAI offers deep imaging depth and high contrast when used with anti-Gal1-Fe3O4 nanoparticles. It can identify pancreatic tumors smaller than 5 mm, which is beyond the identification limit size (~10 mm) of other nondestructive clinical imaging methods. Thus, MTAI has great potential as an alternative imaging modality for early pancreatic cancer detection.
Collapse
|
12
|
Guan S, Zhang Q, Bao J, Hu R, Czech T, Tang J. Recognition Sites for Cancer-targeting Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:815-834. [PMID: 31580248 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191003161114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Target-homing drug delivery systems are now gaining significant attention for use as novel therapeutic approaches in antitumor targeting for cancer therapy. Numerous targeted drug delivery systems have been designed to improve the targeting effects because these systems can display a range of favorable properties, thus, providing suitable characteristics for clinical applicability of anticancer drugs, such as increasing the solubility, and improving the drug distribution at target sites. The majority of these targeting systems are designed with respect to differences between cancerous and normal tissues, for instance, the low pH of tumor tissues or overexpressed receptors on tumor cell membranes. Due to the growing number of targeting possibilities, it is important to know the tumor-specific recognition strategies for designing novel, targeted, drug delivery systems. Herein, we identify and summarize literature pertaining to various recognition sites for optimizing the design of targeted drug delivery systems to augment current chemotherapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the identification of the recognition sites for developing targeted drug delivery systems for use in cancer therapeutics. METHODS We have reviewed and compiled cancer-specific recognition sites and their abnormal characteristics within tumor tissues (low pH, high glutathione, targetable receptors, etc.), tumor cells (receptor overexpression or tumor cell membrane changes) and tumor cell organelles (nuclear and endoplasmic reticular dysregulation) utilizing existing scientific literature. Moreover, we have highlighted the design of some targeted drug delivery systems that can be used as homing tools for these recognition sites. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Targeted drug delivery systems are a promising therapeutic approach for tumor chemotherapy. Additional research focused on finding novel recognition sites, and subsequent development of targeting moieties for use with drug delivery systems will aid in the evaluation and clinical application of new and improved chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jianwei Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rongfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui "115" Xin'an Medicine Research & Development Innovation Team, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Tori Czech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States
| | - Jihui Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Manero-Rupérez N, Martínez-Bosch N, Barranco LE, Visa L, Navarro P. The Galectin Family as Molecular Targets: Hopes for Defeating Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E689. [PMID: 32168866 PMCID: PMC7140611 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of proteins that bind β-galactose residues through a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. They regulate several important biological functions, including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion, and play critical roles during embryonic development and cell differentiation. In adults, different galectin members are expressed depending on the tissue type and can be altered during pathological processes. Numerous reports have shown the involvement of galectins in diseases, mostly inflammation and cancer. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of the role that different galectin family members play in pancreatic cancer. This tumor is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the next decade as there is still no effective treatment nor accurate diagnosis for it. We also discuss the possible translation of recent results about galectin expression and functions in pancreatic cancer into clinical interventions (i.e., diagnosis, prediction of prognosis and/or therapy) for this fatal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Manero-Rupérez
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Neus Martínez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Luis E Barranco
- Department of Gastroenterolgy, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Laura Visa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM-CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with galectin-9 serum levels. Oncogene 2020; 39:3102-3113. [PMID: 32055023 PMCID: PMC7142017 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) responds poorly to checkpoint blockade, such as anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1. Galectin-9, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, promotes immune suppression through T-cell inhibition, and programming of tolerogenic macrophages. Of all cancers tested, PDAC showed the highest expression of LGALS9 (galectin-9) mRNA. We analyzed formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from 83 patients with PDAC stained for galectin-9. Using flow cytometry, we determined galectin-9 expression on immune cells from tumor and matched blood samples from 12 patients with resectable PDAC. Furthermore, we analyzed galectin-9 serum levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using serum samples from 70 patients with PDAC, from 36 individuals with benign pancreatic disease, and from 28 healthy controls. Galectin-9 was highly expressed in human PDAC compared with normal pancreas and present on both tumor and immune cells. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially CD3+ T cells, showed upregulation of galectin-9 compared with immune cells from matched blood. Blood γδ T cells from PDAC patients had higher galectin-9 expression than γδ T cells from healthy individuals. Galectin-9 polarized macrophages toward a protumoral M2 phenotype leading to suppressed T-cell cytokine secretion. Furthermore, serum concentration of galectin-9 was able to discriminate PDAC from benign pancreatic disease and healthy individuals, and was prognostic for stage IV patients. Galectin-9 is a new biomarker for the detection of PDAC.
Collapse
|
15
|
You X, Liu Q, Wu J, Wang Y, Dai J, Chen D, Zhou Y, Lian Y. Galectin-1 Promotes Vasculogenic Mimicry in Gastric Cancer by Upregulating EMT Signaling. J Cancer 2019; 10:6286-6297. [PMID: 31772662 PMCID: PMC6856752 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Galectin-1 (Gal-1) expression was positively associated with vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in primary gastric cancer (GC) tissue, and that both Gal-1 expression and VM in GC tissue are indicators of poor prognosis. However, whether Gal-1 promotes VM, and by what mechanismsremains unknown. Methods: To investigate the underlying mechanisms,wound healing assay, proliferation assay, invasion assay, and three-dimensional culture were used to evaluate the invasion, metastasis and promoted VM formation effects of the Gal-1. We monitored the expression level of sociated proteins in GC tissues, cell lines in vitro and nude mice tumorigenicity in vivo by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results: Gal-1 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation, invasion, migration, and VM formation of MGC-803 cells. Gal-1 was associated with E-cadherin and vimentin in vitro and in clinical samples. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced in MGC-803 cells by TGF-β1 was accompanied by Gal-1 activation and promotion of VM formation, while knockdown of Gal-1 reduced the response to TGF-β1, suggesting that Gal-1 promotes VM formation by activating EMT signaling. Overexpression of Gal-1 accelerated subcutaneous xenograft growth and facilitated pulmonary metastasis in athymic mice, enhanced the expression of EMT markers, and promoted VM formation in vivo. Conclusion: Our results indicated that Gal-1 promotes VM in GC by upregulating EMT signaling; thus, Gal-1 and this pathway are potential novel targets to treat VM in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan You
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yuanjie Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Jiawen Dai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Dehu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yanjun Lian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martinez-Bosch N, Barranco LE, Orozco CA, Moreno M, Visa L, Iglesias M, Oldfield L, Neoptolemos JP, Greenhalf W, Earl J, Carrato A, Costello E, Navarro P. Increased plasma levels of galectin-1 in pancreatic cancer: potential use as biomarker. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32984-32996. [PMID: 30250644 PMCID: PMC6152472 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the most frequent type of pancreatic cancer and one of the deadliest diseases overall. New biomarkers are urgently needed to allow early diagnosis, one of the only factors that currently improves prognosis. Here we analyzed whether the detection of circulating galectin-1 (Gal-1), a soluble carbohydrate-binding protein overexpressed in PDA tissue samples, can be used as a biomarker for PDA. Gal-1 levels were determined by ELISA in plasma from healthy controls and patients diagnosed with PDA, using three independent cohorts. Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) were also included in the study to analyze the potential of Gal-1 to discriminate between cancer and inflammatory process. Plasma Gal-1 levels were significantly increased in patients with PDA as compared to controls in all three cohorts. Gal-1 sensitivity and specificity values were similar to that of the CA19-9 biomarker (the only FDA-approved blood test biomarker for PDA), and the combination of Gal-1 and CA19-9 significantly improved their individual discriminatory powers. Moreover, high levels of Gal-1 were associated with lower survival in patients with non-resected tumors. Collectively, our data indicate a strong potential of using circulating Gal-1 levels as a biomarker for detection and prognostics of patients with PDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martinez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Unidad Asociade CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis E Barranco
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Unidad Asociade CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos A Orozco
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Unidad Asociade CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Moreno
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Unidad Asociade CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Visa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Department of Pathology, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucy Oldfield
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Greenhalf
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Julie Earl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, CIBERONC, IRYCIS, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, CIBERONC, IRYCIS, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eithne Costello
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Unidad Asociade CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Targeting galectin-1 inhibits pancreatic cancer progression by modulating tumor-stroma crosstalk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3769-E3778. [PMID: 29615514 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722434115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains one of the most lethal tumor types, with extremely low survival rates due to late diagnosis and resistance to standard therapies. A more comprehensive understanding of the complexity of PDA pathobiology, and especially of the role of the tumor microenvironment in disease progression, should pave the way for therapies to improve patient response rates. In this study, we identify galectin-1 (Gal1), a glycan-binding protein that is highly overexpressed in PDA stroma, as a major driver of pancreatic cancer progression. Genetic deletion of Gal1 in a Kras-driven mouse model of PDA (Ela-KrasG12Vp53-/- ) results in a significant increase in survival through mechanisms involving decreased stroma activation, attenuated vascularization, and enhanced T cell infiltration leading to diminished metastasis rates. In a human setting, human pancreatic stellate cells (HPSCs) promote cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion via Gal1-driven pathways. Moreover, in vivo orthotopic coinjection of pancreatic tumor cells with Gal1-depleted HPSCs leads to impaired tumor formation and metastasis in mice. Gene-expression analyses of pancreatic tumor cells exposed to Gal1 reveal modulation of multiple regulatory pathways involved in tumor progression. Thus, Gal1 hierarchically regulates different events implicated in PDA biology including tumor cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis, highlighting the broad therapeutic potential of Gal1-specific inhibitors, either alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sánchez-Arévalo Lobo VJ, Fernández LC, Carrillo-de-Santa-Pau E, Richart L, Cobo I, Cendrowski J, Moreno U, Del Pozo N, Megías D, Bréant B, Wright CV, Magnuson M, Real FX. c-Myc downregulation is required for preacinar to acinar maturation and pancreatic homeostasis. Gut 2018; 67:707-718. [PMID: 28159836 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS c-Myc is highly expressed in pancreatic multipotent progenitor cells (MPC) and in pancreatic cancer. The transition from MPC to unipotent acinar progenitors is associated with c-Myc downregulation; a role for c-Myc in this process, and its possible relationship to a role in cancer, has not been established. DESIGN Using coimmunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrate that c-Myc and Ptf1a interact. Using reverse transcriptase qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence, we show the erosion of the acinar programme. To analyse the genomic distribution of c-Myc and Ptf1a and the global transcriptomic profile, we used ChIP-seq and RNA-seq, respectively; validation was performed with ChIP-qPCR and RT-qPCR. Lineage-tracing experiments were used to follow the effect of c-Myc overexpression in preacinar cells on acinar differentiation. RESULTS c-Myc binds and represses the transcriptional activity of Ptf1a. c-Myc overexpression in preacinar cells leads to a massive erosion of differentiation. In adult Ela1-Myc mice: (1) c-Myc binds to Ptf1a, and Tcf3 is downregulated; (2) Ptf1a and c-Myc display partially overlapping chromatin occupancy but do not bind the same E-boxes; (3) at the proximal promoter of genes coding for digestive enzymes, we find reduced PTF1 binding and increased levels of repressive chromatin marks and PRC2 complex components. Lineage tracing of committed acinar precursors reveals that c-Myc overexpression does not restore multipotency but allows the persistence of a preacinar-like cell population. In addition, mutant KRas can lead to c-Myc overexpression and acinar dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS c-Myc repression during development is crucial for the maturation of preacinar cells, and c-Myc overexpression can contribute to pancreatic carcinogenesis through the induction of a dedifferentiated state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Sánchez-Arévalo Lobo
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis César Fernández
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Carrillo-de-Santa-Pau
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Richart
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro Cobo
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaroslaw Cendrowski
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulisses Moreno
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Del Pozo
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Christopher V Wright
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark Magnuson
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tang D, Zhang J, Yuan Z, Zhang H, Chong Y, Huang Y, Wang J, Xiong Q, Wang S, Wu Q, Tian Y, Lu Y, Ge X, Shen W, Wang D. PSC-derived Galectin-1 inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells by activating the NF-κB pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86488-86502. [PMID: 29156810 PMCID: PMC5689700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 has previously been shown to be strongly expressed in activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and promote the development and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the molecular mechanisms by which Galectin-1 promotes the malignant behavior of pancreatic cancer cells remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of Galectin-1 knockdown or overexpression in PSCs co-cultured with pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and MMP9 were positively associated with the expression of Galectin-1 in 66 human PDAC tissues. In addition, our in vitro studies showed PSC-derived Galectin-1 promoted the proliferation, invasion, and survival (anti-apoptotic effects) of PANC-1 cells. We also showed PSC-derived Galectin-1 induced EMT of PANC-1 cells and activated the NF-кB pathway in vitro. Our mixed (PSCs and PANC-1 cells) mouse orthotopic xenograft model indicated that overexpression of Galectin-1 in PSCs significantly promoted the proliferation, growth, invasion, and liver metastasis of the transplanted tumor. Moreover, Galectin-1 overexpression in PSCs was strongly associated with increased expression of EMT markers in both the orthotopic xenograft tumor in the pancreas and in metastatic lesions of naked mice. We conclude that PSC-derived Galectin-1 promotes the malignant behavior of PDAC by inducing EMT via activation of the NF-κB pathway. Our results suggest that targeting Galectin-1 in PSCs could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for PDAC progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiu Zhang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxu Yuan
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chong
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Huang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qingquan Xiong
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- 3 Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- 4 Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- 4 Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongdie Lu
- 4 Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ge
- 4 Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- 4 Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bacigalupo ML, Carabias P, Troncoso MF. Contribution of galectin-1, a glycan-binding protein, to gastrointestinal tumor progression. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5266-5281. [PMID: 28839427 PMCID: PMC5550776 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i29.5266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a group of tumors that affect multiple sites of the digestive system, including the stomach, liver, colon and pancreas. These cancers are very aggressive and rapidly metastasize, thus identifying effective targets is crucial for treatment. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) belongs to a family of glycan-binding proteins, or lectins, with the ability to cross-link specific glycoconjugates. A variety of biological activities have been attributed to Gal-1 at different steps of tumor progression. Herein, we summarize the current literature regarding the roles of Gal-1 in gastrointestinal malignancies. Accumulating evidence shows that Gal-1 is drastically up-regulated in human gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues, both in tumor epithelial and tumor-associated stromal cells. Moreover, Gal-1 makes a crucial contribution to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal malignancies, favoring tumor development, aggressiveness, metastasis, immunosuppression and angiogenesis. We also highlight that alterations in Gal-1-specific glycoepitopes may be relevant for gastrointestinal cancer progression. Despite the findings obtained so far, further functional studies are still required. Elucidating the precise molecular mechanisms modulated by Gal-1 underlying gastrointestinal tumor progression, might lead to the development of novel Gal-1-based diagnostic methods and/or therapies.
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Q, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Chemotherapy and tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:68. [PMID: 28694739 PMCID: PMC5498917 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an extremely dismal malignance. Chemotherapy has been widely applied to treat this intractable tumor. It has exclusive tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by dense desmoplasia and profound infiltrations of immunosuppressive cells. Interactions between stromal cells and cancer cells play vital roles to affect the biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer. Targeting the stromal components of pancreatic cancer has shown promising results. In addition to the direct toxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on cancer cells, they can also remodel the TME, eventually affecting their efficacy. Herein, we reviewed the following four aspects; (1) clinical landmark advances of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer, since 2000; (2) interactions and mechanisms between stromal cells and pancreatic cancer cells; (3) remodeling effects and mechanisms of chemotherapy on TME; (4) targeting stromal components in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qian D, Lu Z, Xu Q, Wu P, Tian L, Zhao L, Cai B, Yin J, Wu Y, Staveley-O'Carroll KF, Jiang K, Miao Y, Li G. Galectin-1-driven upregulation of SDF-1 in pancreatic stellate cells promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis. Cancer Lett 2017; 397:43-51. [PMID: 28336327 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1, mainly expressed in activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), is involved in many important cancer-related processes. However, very little is known how Galectin-1 modulates PSCs and subsequently impacts pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). Our chemokine antibody array and in vitro studies demonstrates that Galectin-1 induces secretion of stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1) in PSCs by activating NF-κB signaling. The secreted SDF-1 increases migration and invasion of PCCs. Knockdown of Galectin-1 and inhibitor-mediated blockade of SDF-1 as well as its ligand CXCR4 and NF-κB verifies the findings. In vivo experiment by knockdown of Galectin-1 in PSCs further demonstrates the conclusion. Collectively, the present studies demonstrate that Galectin-1-driven production of SDF-1 in PSCs through activation of NF-κB promotes metastasis in PDAC, offering a potential target in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qian
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qingcheng Xu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Liangtao Zhao
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Baobao Cai
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
JNK pathway inhibition selectively primes pancreatic cancer stem cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis without affecting the physiology of normal tissue resident stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9890-906. [PMID: 26840266 PMCID: PMC4891091 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Successful treatment of solid cancers mandates targeting cancer stem cells (CSC) without impact on the physiology of normal tissue resident stem cells. C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling has been shown to be of importance in cancer. We test whether JNK inhibition would sensitize pancreatic CSCs to induction of apoptosis via low-dose TNFα-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Design Effects of JNK inhibition (JNKi) were evaluated in vitro in functional assays, through mRNA and protein expression analysis, and in in vivo mouse studies. CSCs were enriched in anoikis-resistant spheroid culture and analyzed accordingly. Results We confirmed that the JNK pathway is an important regulatory pathway in pancreatic cancer stem cells and further found that JNK inhibition downregulates the decoy receptor DcR1 through IL-8 signaling while upregulating pro-apoptotic death receptors DR4/5, thereby sensitizing cells - even with acquired TRAIL-resistance - to apoptosis induction. Treatment of orthotopic pancreatic cancer xenografts with either gemcitabine, JNKi or TRAIL alone for 4 weeks showed only modest effects compared to control, while the combination of JNKi and TRAIL resulted in significantly lower tumor burden (69%; p < 0.04), reduced numbers of circulating tumor cells, and less distant metastatic events, without affecting the general health of the animals. Conclusions The combination of JNKi and TRAIL significantly impacts on CSCs, but leaves regular tissue-resident stem cells unaffected – even under hypoxic stress conditions. This concept of selective treatment of pancreatic CSCs warrants further evaluation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dobiasch S, Szanyi S, Kjaev A, Werner J, Strauss A, Weis C, Grenacher L, Kapilov-Buchman K, Israel LL, Lellouche JP, Locatelli E, Franchini MC, Vandooren J, Opdenakker G, Felix K. Synthesis and functionalization of protease-activated nanoparticles with tissue plasminogen activator peptides as targeting moiety and diagnostic tool for pancreatic cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:81. [PMID: 27993133 PMCID: PMC5168863 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) are one promising tool for detecting specific molecular targets and combine molecular biology and nanotechnology aiming at modern imaging. We aimed at ligand-directed delivery with a suitable target-biomarker to detect early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Promising targets are galectins (Gal), due to their strong expression in and on PDAC-cells and occurrence at early stages in cancer precursor lesions, but not in adjacent normal tissues. Results Molecular probes (10-29 AA long peptides) derived from human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) were selected as binding partners to galectins. Affinity constants between the synthesized t-PA peptides and Gal were determined by microscale thermophoresis. The 29 AA-long t-PA-peptide-1 with a lactose-functionalized serine revealed the strongest binding properties to Gal-1 which was 25-fold higher in comparison with the native t-PA protein and showed additional strong binding to Gal-3 and Gal-4, both also over-expressed in PDAC. t-PA-peptide-1 was selected as vector moiety and linked covalently onto the surface of biodegradable iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). In particular, CAN-doped maghemite NPs (CAN-Mag), promising as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were selected as magnetic core and coated with different biocompatible polymers, such as chitosan (CAN-Mag-Chitosan NPs) or polylactic co glycolic acid (PLGA) obtaining polymeric nanoparticles (CAN-Mag@PNPs), already approved for drug delivery applications. The binding efficacy of t-PA-vectorized NPs determined by exposure to different pancreatic cell lines was up to 90%, as assessed by flow cytometry. The in vivo targeting and imaging efficacy of the vectorized NPs were evaluated by applying murine pancreatic tumor models and assessed by 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The t-PA-vectorized NPs as well as the protease-activated NPs with outer shell decoration (CAN-Mag@PNPs-PEG-REGAcp-PEG/tPA-pep1Lac) showed clearly detectable drop of subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor staining-intensity indicating a considerable uptake of the injected NPs. Post mortem NP deposition in tumors and organs was confirmed by Fe staining of histopathology tissue sections. Conclusions The targeted NPs indicate a fast and enhanced deposition of NPs in the murine tumor models. The CAN-Mag@PNPs-PEG-REGAcp-PEG/tPA-pep1Lac interlocking steps strategy of NPs delivery and deposition in pancreatic tumor is promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dobiasch
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Szilard Szanyi
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aleko Kjaev
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplantations-, Vascular- and Thorax-Surgery LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Albert Strauss
- Department of Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Weis
- Department of Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Grenacher
- Department of Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Diagnostik München, Diagnostic Imaging and Prevention Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Katya Kapilov-Buchman
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Liron-Limor Israel
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Erica Locatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Comes Franchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klaus Felix
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cousin JM, Cloninger MJ. The Role of Galectin-1 in Cancer Progression, and Synthetic Multivalent Systems for the Study of Galectin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091566. [PMID: 27649167 PMCID: PMC5037834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the role of galectin-1 in the tumor microenvironment. First, the structure and function of galectin-1 are discussed. Galectin-1, a member of the galectin family of lectins, is a functionally dimeric galactoside-binding protein. Although galectin-1 has both intracellular and extracellular functions, the defining carbohydrate-binding role occurs extracellularly. In this review, the extracellular roles of galectin-1 in cancer processes are discussed. In particular, the importance of multivalent interactions in galectin-1 mediated cellular processes is reviewed. Multivalent interactions involving galectin-1 in cellular adhesion, mobility and invasion, tumor-induced angiogenesis, and apoptosis are presented. Although the mechanisms of action of galectin-1 in these processes are still not well understood, the overexpression of galectin-1 in cancer progression indicates that the role of galectin-1 is significant. To conclude this review, synthetic frameworks that have been used to modulate galectin-1 processes are reviewed. Small molecule oligomers of carbohydrates, carbohydrate-functionalized pseudopolyrotaxanes, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, and glycodendrimers are presented. These synthetic multivalent systems serve as important tools for studying galectin-1 mediated cancer cellular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Cousin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Mary J Cloninger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The plasminogen activation system in neuroinflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:395-402. [PMID: 26493446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The plasminogen activation (PA) system consists in a group of proteases and protease inhibitors regulating the activation of the zymogen plasminogen into its proteolytically active form, plasmin. Here, we give an update of the current knowledge about the role of the PA system on different aspects of neuroinflammation. These include modification in blood-brain barrier integrity, leukocyte diapedesis, removal of fibrin deposits in nervous tissues, microglial activation and neutrophil functions. Furthermore, we focus on the molecular mechanisms (some of them independent of plasmin generation and even of proteolysis) and target receptors responsible for these effects. The description of these mechanisms of action may help designing new therapeutic strategies targeting the expression, activity and molecular mediators of the PA system in neurological disorders involving neuroinflammatory processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuro Inflammation edited by Helga E. de Vries and Markus Schwaninger.
Collapse
|
27
|
Hutter S, Morales-Prieto DM, Andergassen U, Tschakert L, Kuhn C, Hofmann S, Markert UR, Jeschke U. Gal-1 silenced trophoblast tumor cells (BeWo) show decreased syncytium formation and different miRNA production compared to non-target silenced BeWo cells. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 10:28-38. [PMID: 26418280 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1089377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (gal-1), a member of the mammalian β-galactoside-binding proteins, exerts biological effects by recognition of glycan ligands, including those involved in cell adhesion and growth regulation. In previous studies, we demonstrated that gal-1 induces cell differentiation processes on the membrane of choriocarcinoma cells BeWo, including the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) REarranged during Transfection (RET), Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3). Furthermore, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) and serine/threonine kinases were phosphorylated by gal-1. In addition, gal-1 in trophoblast cells in vitro induced syncytium formation especially after concentration dependent stimulation of the cells with this galectin. This is in contrast to MAPK-inhibitor U0126 that reduced syncytium formation of BeWo cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the syncytium formation abilities of BeWo cells that were gal-1 silenced. We found a significantly reduced syncytium formation rate in gal-1 silenced BeWo cells. In addition, these cells show a different miRNA expression profile. In summary, we found that gal-1 is a major trigger for fusion processes in BeWo cells. This function is accompanied by different regulation of miRNA synthesis in the BeWo cell culture model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hutter
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Andergassen
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Lisa Tschakert
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Simone Hofmann
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Udo R Markert
- b University Hospital Jena , Department of Obstetrics , Placenta Lab , Jena , Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pan B, Liao Q, Niu Z, Zhou L, Zhao Y. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Future Oncol 2015; 11:2603-10. [PMID: 26284509 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most highly malignant tumors with a very poor prognosis. In addition to the cancer cells, the stroma of tumor can expand by 50% and influence cancer cell growth. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important components of tumor stroma. Cancer cells, normal fibroblasts, normal epithelial cells as well as bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts contribute to the emergence of CAFs through various cytokines (e.g., TGF-β, SHH, PDGF) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. CAFs affect cancer growth, survival, metastasis, angiogenesis and immunosurveillance through the secretion of various cytokines, such as CXCL12 and secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein. Also, CAFs correlate to the prognosis and chemoresistance of PDAC patients. As novel therapeutic targets, CAFs, and their relative factors, represent an important role in PDAC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boju Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union, Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union, Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zheyu Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union, Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union, Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union, Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rosenberger I, Strauss A, Dobiasch S, Weis C, Szanyi S, Gil-Iceta L, Alonso E, González Esparza M, Gómez-Vallejo V, Szczupak B, Plaza-García S, Mirzaei S, Israel LL, Bianchessi S, Scanziani E, Lellouche JP, Knoll P, Werner J, Felix K, Grenacher L, Reese T, Kreuter J, Jiménez-González M. Targeted diagnostic magnetic nanoparticles for medical imaging of pancreatic cancer. J Control Release 2015; 214:76-84. [PMID: 26192099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly aggressive cancer types such as pancreatic cancer possess a mortality rate of up to 80% within the first 6months after diagnosis. To reduce this high mortality rate, more sensitive diagnostic tools allowing an early stage medical imaging of even very small tumours are needed. For this purpose, magnetic, biodegradable nanoparticles prepared using recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) and incorporated iron oxide (maghemite, γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were developed. Galectin-1 has been chosen as target receptor as this protein is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and its precursor lesions but not in healthy pancreatic tissue nor in pancreatitis. Tissue plasminogen activator derived peptides (t-PA-ligands), that have a high affinity to galectin-1 have been chosen as target moieties and were covalently attached onto the nanoparticle surface. Improved targeting and imaging properties were shown in mice using single photon emission computed tomography-computer tomography (SPECT-CT), a handheld gamma camera, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Rosenberger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biocenter Niederursel, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Wilhelimnenspital, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Montleartstr. 37, 1160 Wien, Austria
| | - A Strauss
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Dobiasch
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Weis
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Szanyi
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Gil-Iceta
- CIC biomaGUNE, Molecular Imaging Unit, Paseo Miramón No 182, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - E Alonso
- CIC biomaGUNE, Molecular Imaging Unit, Paseo Miramón No 182, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - M González Esparza
- CIC biomaGUNE, Molecular Imaging Unit, Paseo Miramón No 182, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - V Gómez-Vallejo
- CIC biomaGUNE, Molecular Imaging Unit, Paseo Miramón No 182, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - B Szczupak
- CIC biomaGUNE, Molecular Imaging Unit, Paseo Miramón No 182, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - S Plaza-García
- CIC biomaGUNE, Molecular Imaging Unit, Paseo Miramón No 182, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - S Mirzaei
- Wilhelimnenspital, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Montleartstr. 37, 1160 Wien, Austria
| | - L L Israel
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - S Bianchessi
- Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - E Scanziani
- Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - J-P Lellouche
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - P Knoll
- Wilhelimnenspital, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Montleartstr. 37, 1160 Wien, Austria
| | - J Werner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplantation-, Vascular- and Thorax-Surgery LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - K Felix
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Grenacher
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Reese
- CIC biomaGUNE, Molecular Imaging Unit, Paseo Miramón No 182, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - J Kreuter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biocenter Niederursel, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - M Jiménez-González
- CIC biomaGUNE, Molecular Imaging Unit, Paseo Miramón No 182, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
González-Miguel J, Morchón R, Siles-Lucas M, Oleaga A, Simón F. Surface-displayed glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and galectin from Dirofilaria immitis enhance the activation of the fibrinolytic system of the host. Acta Trop 2015; 145:8-16. [PMID: 25666684 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis is a cosmopolitan disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis, a filaroid parasite whose adult worms live for years in the vascular system of its host. Previous studies have shown that D. immitis can use their excretory/secretory (ES) and surface antigens to enhance fibrinolysis, which could limit the formation of clots in its surrounding environment. Moreover, several isoforms of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and galectin (GAL) were identified in both antigenic extracts as plasminogen-binding proteins. The aim of this work is to study the interaction of the GAPDH and GAL of D. immitis with the fibrinolytic system of the host. This study includes the cloning, sequencing and expression of the recombinant forms of the GAPDH and GAL of D. immitis (rDiGAPDH and rDiGAL) and the analysis of their capacity as plasminogen-binding proteins. The results indicate that rDiGAPDH and rDiGAL are able to bind plasminogen and stimulate plasmin generation by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). This interaction needs the involvement of lysine residues, many of which are located externally in both proteins as have been shown by the molecular modeling of their secondary structures. In addition, we show that rDiGAPDH and rDiGAL enhance the expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) on canine endothelial cells in culture and that both proteins are expressed on the surface of D. immitis in close contact with the blood of the host. These data suggest that D. immitis could use the associated surface GAPDH and GAL as physiological plasminogen receptors to shift the fibrinolytic balance towards the generation of plasmin, which might constitute a survival mechanism to avoid the clot formation in its intravascular habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier González-Miguel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Morchón
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Ana Oleaga
- Laboratory of Parasitology, IRNASA, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando Simón
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Docagne F, Parcq J, Lijnen R, Ali C, Vivien D. Understanding the Functions of Endogenous and Exogenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator During Stroke. Stroke 2015; 46:314-20. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Docagne
- From the INSERM UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France (F.D., J.P., C.A., D.V.); and Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (R.L.)
| | - Jérôme Parcq
- From the INSERM UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France (F.D., J.P., C.A., D.V.); and Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (R.L.)
| | - Roger Lijnen
- From the INSERM UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France (F.D., J.P., C.A., D.V.); and Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (R.L.)
| | - Carine Ali
- From the INSERM UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France (F.D., J.P., C.A., D.V.); and Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (R.L.)
| | - Denis Vivien
- From the INSERM UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France (F.D., J.P., C.A., D.V.); and Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (R.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Angiogenic growth factors interactome and drug discovery: The contribution of surface plasmon resonance. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 26:293-310. [PMID: 25465594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is implicated in several pathological conditions, including cancer, and in regenerative processes, including the formation of collateral blood vessels after stroke. Physiological angiogenesis is the outcome of a fine balance between the action of angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) and anti-angiogenic molecules, while pathological angiogenesis occurs when this balance is pushed toward AGFs. AGFs interact with multiple endothelial cell (EC) surface receptors inducing cell proliferation, migration and proteases upregulation. On the contrary, free or extracellular matrix-associated molecules inhibit angiogenesis by sequestering AGFs (thus hampering EC stimulation) or by interacting with specific EC receptors inducing apoptosis or decreasing responsiveness to AGFs. Thus, angiogenesis results from an intricate network of interactions among pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, EC receptors and various modulators. All these interactions represent targets for the development of pro- or anti-angiogenic therapies. These aims call for suitable technologies to study the countless interactions occurring during neovascularization. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free optical technique to study biomolecular interactions in real time. It has become the golden standard technology for interaction analysis in biomedical research, including angiogenesis. From a survey of the literature it emerges that SPR has already contributed substantially to the better understanding of the neovascularization process, laying the basis for the decoding of the angiogenesis "interactome" and the identification of "hub molecules" that may represent preferential targets for an efficacious modulation of angiogenesis. Here, the still unexploited full potential of SPR is enlightened, pointing to improvements in its use for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of neovascularization and the identification of novel anti-angiogenic drugs.
Collapse
|
33
|
Martínez-Bosch N, Navarro P. Targeting Galectin-1 in pancreatic cancer: immune surveillance on guard. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e952201. [PMID: 25610742 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.952201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenviroment and immune barrier are known to modulate malignant disease progression. We have recently identified Galectin-1 as a key player in a novel stromal regulatory reaction driving immune evasion in pancreatic tumors in vivo. These results suggest that Galectin-1 inhibition represents a potential therapeutic strategy for one of the most deadly types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martínez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) ; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Cancer Research Program; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) ; Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Astorgues-Xerri L, Riveiro ME, Tijeras-Raballand A, Serova M, Rabinovich GA, Bieche I, Vidaud M, de Gramont A, Martinet M, Cvitkovic E, Faivre S, Raymond E. OTX008, a selective small-molecule inhibitor of galectin-1, downregulates cancer cell proliferation, invasion and tumour angiogenesis. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2463-77. [PMID: 25042151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-1 (Gal1), a carbohydrate-binding protein is implicated in cancer cell proliferation, invasion and tumour angiogenesis. Several Gal1-targeting compounds have recently emerged. OTX008 is a calixarene derivative designed to bind the Gal1 amphipathic β-sheet conformation. Our study contributes to the current understanding of the role of Gal1 in cancer progression, providing mechanistic insights into the anti-tumoural activity of a novel small molecule Gal1-inhibitor. METHODS We evaluated in vitro OTX008 effects in a panel of human cancer cell lines. For in vivo studies, an ovarian xenograft model was employed to analyse the antitumour activity. Finally, combination studies were performed to analyse potential synergistic effects of OTX008. RESULTS In cultured cancer cells, OTX008 inhibited proliferation and invasion at micromolar concentrations. Antiproliferative effects correlated with Gal1 expression across a large panel of cell lines. Furthermore, cell lines expressing epithelial differentiation markers were more sensitive than mesenchymal cells to OTX008. In SQ20B and A2780-1A9 cells, OTX008 inhibited Gal1 expression and ERK1/2 and AKT-dependent survival pathways, and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest through CDK1. OTX008 enhanced the antiproliferative effects of Semaphorin-3A (Sema3A) in SQ20B cells and reversed invasion induced by exogenous Gal1. In vivo, OTX008 inhibited growth of A2780-1A9 xenografts. OTX008 treatment was associated with downregulation of Gal1 and Ki67 in treated tumours, as well as decreased microvessel density and VEGFR2 expression. Finally, combination studies showed OTX008 synergy with several cytotoxic and targeted therapies, principally when OTX008 was administered first. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the role of Gal1 in cancer progression as well as OTX008 mechanism of action, and supports its further development as an anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Astorgues-Xerri
- INSERM U728 and Medical Oncology Department, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot), 100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Maria E Riveiro
- INSERM U728 and Medical Oncology Department, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot), 100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France; Oncology Therapeutic Development, 100 rue Martre, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Annemilaï Tijeras-Raballand
- INSERM U728 and Medical Oncology Department, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot), 100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Maria Serova
- INSERM U728 and Medical Oncology Department, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot), 100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina
| | - Ivan Bieche
- UMR745 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Michel Vidaud
- UMR745 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Armand de Gramont
- INSERM U728 and Medical Oncology Department, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot), 100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Mathieu Martinet
- INSERM U728 and Medical Oncology Department, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot), 100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
| | | | - Sandrine Faivre
- INSERM U728 and Medical Oncology Department, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot), 100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Eric Raymond
- INSERM U728 and Medical Oncology Department, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot), 100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Martínez-Bosch N, Fernández-Barrena MG, Moreno M, Ortiz-Zapater E, Munné-Collado J, Iglesias M, André S, Gabius HJ, Hwang RF, Poirier F, Navas C, Guerra C, Fernández-Zapico ME, Navarro P. Galectin-1 drives pancreatic carcinogenesis through stroma remodeling and Hedgehog signaling activation. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3512-24. [PMID: 24812270 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite some advances, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains generally refractory to current treatments. Desmoplastic stroma, a consistent hallmark of PDAC, has emerged as a major source of therapeutic resistance and thus potentially promising targets for improved treatment. The glycan-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal1) is highly expressed in PDAC stroma, but its roles there have not been studied. Here we report functions and molecular pathways of Gal1 that mediate its oncogenic properties in this setting. Genetic ablation of Gal1 in a mouse model of PDAC (EIa-myc mice) dampened tumor progression by inhibiting proliferation, angiogenesis, desmoplasic reaction and by stimulating a tumor-associated immune response, yielding a 20% increase in relative lifesplan. Cellular analyses in vitro and in vivo suggested these effects were mediated through the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, a crucial step for initiation of PDAC, was found to be regulated by Gal1. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Gal1 promoted Hedgehog pathway signaling in PDAC cells and stromal fibroblasts as well as in Ela-myc tumors. Taken together, our findings establish a function for Gal1 in tumor-stroma crosstalk in PDAC and provide a preclinical rationale for Gal1 targeting as a microenvironment-based therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maite G Fernández-Barrena
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Jessica Munné-Collado
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Research Program and Department of Pathology, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Research Program and Department of Pathology, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona
| | - Sabine André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; and
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; and
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Françoise Poirier
- Institute Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Martin E Fernández-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rybinski B, Franco-Barraza J, Cukierman E. The wound healing, chronic fibrosis, and cancer progression triad. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:223-44. [PMID: 24520152 PMCID: PMC4035661 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00158.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades tumors have been recognized as "wounds that do not heal." Besides the commonalities that tumors and wounded tissues share, the process of wound healing also portrays similar characteristics with chronic fibrosis. In this review, we suggest a tight interrelationship, which is governed as a concurrence of cellular and microenvironmental reactivity among wound healing, chronic fibrosis, and cancer development/progression (i.e., the WHFC triad). It is clear that the same cell types, as well as soluble and matrix elements that drive wound healing (including regeneration) via distinct signaling pathways, also fuel chronic fibrosis and tumor progression. Hence, here we review the relationship between fibrosis and cancer through the lens of wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brad Rybinski
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center/Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cheng DE, Hung JY, Huang MS, Hsu YL, Lu CY, Tsai EM, Hou MF, Kuo PL. Myosin IIa activation is crucial in breast cancer derived galectin-1 mediated tolerogenic dendritic cell differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1965-76. [PMID: 24468067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) play important roles in immune tolerance, autoimmune disease, tissue transplantation, and the tumor micro-environment. Factors that induce tDCs have been reported, however the intracellular mechanisms involved are rarely discussed. METHODS Circulating CD14(+)CD16(+) of breast cancer patients and induced CD14(+)CD16(+) DCs were identified as tDCs by treating CD14(+) monocytes with galectin-1 and cancer cell-derived medium combined with IL-4 and GM-CSF. In addition, the 4T1 breast cancer syngeneic xenograft model was used to investigate the effect of galectin-1 in vivo. RESULTS The CD14(+)CD16(+) tDC population in the breast cancer patients was comparatively higher than that in the healthy donors, and both the MDA-MB-231 conditioned medium and galectin-1 could induce tDC differentiation. In a BALB/c animal model, the 4T1 breast cancer cell line enhanced IL-10 expression in CD11c(+) DCs which was down-regulated after knocking down the galectin-1 expression of 4T1 cells. Analysis of galectin-1 interacting proteins showed that myosin IIa was a major target of galectin-1 after internalization through a caveolin-dependent endocytosis. Myosin IIa specific inhibitor could diminish the effects of galectin-1 on monocyte-derived tDCs and also block the 4T1 cell induced CD11c(+)/Ly6G(+)/IL-10(+) in the BALB/c mice. CONCLUSIONS Galectin-1 can induce tDCs after internalizing into CD14(+) monocytes through the caveolae-dependent pathway and activating myosin IIa. For the breast cancer patients with a high galectin-1 expression, blebbistatin and genistein show potential in immune modulation and cancer immunotherapy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Myosin IIa activation and galectin-1 endocytosis are important in tumor associated tDC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-En Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tang D, Zhang J, Yuan Z, Gao J, Wang S, Ye N, Li P, Gao S, Miao Y, Wang D, Jiang K. Pancreatic satellite cells derived galectin-1 increase the progression and less survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90476. [PMID: 24595374 PMCID: PMC3942444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-1, a member of carbohydrate-binding proteins with a polyvalent function on tumor progression, was found strongly expressed in pancreatic satellite cells (PSCs), which partner in crime with cancer cells and promote the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We evaluated the effects of PSCs derived Galectin-1 on the progression of PDAC, as well as the tumor establishment and development in mouse xenografts. METHODS The relationship between immunohistochemistry staining intensity of Galectin-1 and clinicopathologic variables were assessed in 66 PDAC tissues, 18 chronic pancreatitis tissues and 10 normal controls. The roles of PSCs isolated from PDAC and normal pancreas on the proliferative activity, MMP2 and MMP9 expression, and the invasion of CFPAC-1 in the co-cultured system, as well as on the tumor establishment and development in mouse xenografts by mixed implanting with CFPAC-1 subcutaneously were evaluated. RESULTS Galectin-1 expression was gradually increased from normal pancreas (negative), chronic pancreatitis (weak) to PDAC (strong), in which Galectin-1 expression was also increased from well, moderately to poorly differentiated PDAC. Galectin-1 staining intensity of pancreatic cancer tissue was associated with increase in tumor size, lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion and differentiation and UICC stage, and served as the independent prognostic indicator of poor survival of pancreatic cancer. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that TGF-β1 upregulated Galectin-1 expression in PSCs, which could further promotes the proliferative activity, MMP2 and MMP9 expression, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, as well as the tumor establishment and growth. CONCLUSION Galectin-1 expression in stromal cells of pancreatic cancer suggests that this protein plays a role in the promotion of cancer cells invasion and metastasis and provides a therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingqiu Zhang
- Department of Digestive System, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongxu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui no. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nianyuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Digestive System, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (DW); (KJ)
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (DW); (KJ)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Conformational Selection in Glycomimetics: Human Galectin-1 Only Recognizessyn-Ψ-Type Conformations of β-1,3-Linked Lactose and ItsC-Glycosyl Derivative. Chemistry 2013; 19:14581-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
40
|
Astorgues-Xerri L, Riveiro ME, Tijeras-Raballand A, Serova M, Neuzillet C, Albert S, Raymond E, Faivre S. Unraveling galectin-1 as a novel therapeutic target for cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 40:307-19. [PMID: 23953240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectins belong to a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with an affinity for β-galactosides. Galectin-1 is differentially expressed by various normal and pathologic tissues and displays a wide range of biological activities. In oncology, galectin-1 plays a pivotal role in tumor growth and in the multistep process of invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Evidence indicates that galectin-1 exerts a variety of functions at different steps of tumor progression. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that galectin-1 cellular localization and galectin-1 binding partners depend on tumor localization and stage. Recently, galectin-1 overexpression has been extensively documented in several tumor types and/or in the stroma of cancer cells. Its expression is thought to reflect tumor aggressiveness in several tumor types. Galectin-1 has been identified as a promising drug target using synthetic and natural inhibitors. Preclinical data suggest that galectin-1 inhibition may lead to direct antiproliferative effects in cancer cells as well as antiangiogenic effects in tumors. We provide an up-to-date overview of available data on the role of galectin-1 in different molecular and biochemical pathways involved in human malignancies. One of the major challenges faced in targeting galectin-1 is the translation of current knowledge into the design and development of effective galectin-1 inhibitors in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kolář M, Szabo P, Dvořánková B, Lacina L, Gabius HJ, Strnad H, Sáchová J, Vlček C, Plzák J, Chovanec M, Cada Z, Betka J, Fík Z, Pačes J, Kovářová H, Motlík J, Jarkovská K, Smetana K. Upregulation of IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL-1 production in dermal fibroblasts by normal/malignant epithelial cells in vitro: Immunohistochemical and transcriptomic analyses. Biol Cell 2013; 104:738-51. [PMID: 23043537 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Considering an analogy between wound healing and tumour progression, we studied chemokine and cytokine transcription and expression in normal fibroblasts by co-culture and in situ. RESULTS Whole-genome transcriptome profiling revealed strong upregulation for the interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and the chemokine CXCL-1 in in vitro co-cultures of normal fibroblasts with either normal or malignant epithelial cells compared to fibroblast cultures. The same ILs/chemokines were distinctly upregulated in clinical samples of squamous cell carcinoma when compared with paired normal mucosae. Analysis of culture supernatants showed that during the course of co-culture of the fibroblasts with the epithelial cells, IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL-1 were secreted to the culture medium. Experiments with addition of any of the proteins to the culture medium supported the notion that these ILs/chemokines strongly contributed to maintenance of a low-differentiation phenotype of epithelial cells, evaluated by the detection of keratin-8. Simultaneous addition of all factors increased the extent of the effect. These studies were extended by experiments with epithelial cells, either cultured in medium conditioned by preceding use for malignant keratinocytes without and in the presence of normal or cancer-associated fibroblasts or medium containing antibodies against IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL-1. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate an analogy between wound healing and tumour growth, support the importance of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in this model system and establish a potential bio-inspired anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kolář
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
The third dimension of reading the sugar code by lectins: design of glycoclusters with cyclic scaffolds as tools with the aim to define correlations between spatial presentation and activity. Molecules 2013; 18:4026-53. [PMID: 23558543 PMCID: PMC6269965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coding of biological information is not confined to nucleic acids and proteins. Endowed with the highest level of structural versatility among biomolecules, the glycan chains of cellular glycoconjugates are well-suited to generate molecular messages/signals in a minimum of space. The sequence and shape of oligosaccharides as well as spatial aspects of multivalent presentation are assumed to underlie the natural specificity/selectivity that cellular glycans have for endogenous lectins. In order to eventually unravel structure-activity profiles cyclic scaffolds have been used as platforms to produce glycoclusters and afford valuable tools. Using adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins and the pan-galectin ligand lactose as a model, emerging insights into the potential of cyclodextrins, cyclic peptides, calixarenes and glycophanes for this purpose are presented herein. The systematic testing of lectin panels with spatially defined ligand presentations can be considered as a biomimetic means to help clarify the mechanisms, which lead to the exquisite accuracy at which endogenous lectins select their physiological counterreceptors from the complexity of the cellular glycome.
Collapse
|
43
|
Amano M, Eriksson H, Manning JC, Detjen KM, André S, Nishimura SI, Lehtiö J, Gabius HJ. Tumour suppressor p16(INK4a) - anoikis-favouring decrease in N/O-glycan/cell surface sialylation by down-regulation of enzymes in sialic acid biosynthesis in tandem in a pancreatic carcinoma model. FEBS J 2013; 279:4062-80. [PMID: 22943525 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumour suppressor p16(INK4a) is known to exert cell-cycle control via cyclin-dependent kinases. An emerging aspect of its functionality is the orchestrated modulation of N/O-glycosylation and galectin expression to induce anoikis in human Capan-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells. Using chemoselective N/O-glycan enrichment technology (glycoblotting) and product characterization, we first verified a substantial decrease in sialylation. Tests combining genetic (i.e. transfection with α2,6-sialyltransferase-specific cDNA) or metabolic (i.e. medium supplementation with N-acetylmannosamine to track down a bottleneck in sialic acid biosynthesis) engineering with cytofluorometric analysis of lectin binding indicated a role of limited substrate availability, especially for α2,6-sialylation, which switches off reactivity for anoikis-triggering homodimeric galectin-1. Quantitative MS analysis of protein level changes confirmed an enhanced galectin-1 presence along with an influence on glycosyltransferases (β1,4-galactosyltransferase-IV, α2,3-sialyltransferase-I) and detected p16(INK4a) -dependent down-regulation of two enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway for sialic acid [i.e. the bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) and N-acetylneuraminic acid 9-phosphate synthase] (P < 0.001). By contrast, quantitative assessment for the presence of nuclear CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase (which is responsible for providing the donor for enzymatic sialylation that also acts as feedback inhibitor of the epimerase activity of GNE) revealed a trend for an increase. Partial restoration of sialylation in GNE-transfected cells supports the implied role of sialic acid availability for the glycophenotype. Fittingly, the extent of anoikis was reduced in double-transfected (p16(INK4a) /GNE) cells. Thus, a second means of modulating cell reactivity to the growth effector galectin-1 is established in addition to the common route of altering α2,6-sialyltransferase expression: regulating enzymes of the pathway for sialic acid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maho Amano
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pan S, Brentnall TA, Kelly K, Chen R. Tissue proteomics in pancreatic cancer study: discovery, emerging technologies, and challenges. Proteomics 2013; 13:710-21. [PMID: 23125171 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease that is difficult to diagnose and treat. The advances in proteomics technology, especially quantitative proteomics, have stimulated a great interest in applying this technology for pancreatic cancer study. A variety of tissue proteomics approaches have been applied to investigate pancreatic cancer and the associated diseases. These studies were carried out with various goals, aiming to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic tumorigenesis, to improve therapeutic treatment and to identify cancer associated protein signatures, signaling events as well as interactions between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. Here, we provide an overview on the tissue proteomics studies of pancreatic cancer reported in the past few years in light of discovery and technology development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Pan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Smetana K, André S, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Gabius HJ. Context-dependent multifunctionality of galectin-1: a challenge for defining the lectin as therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:379-92. [PMID: 23289445 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.750651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One route of translating the information encoded in the glycan chains of cellular glycoconjugates into physiological effects is via receptor (lectin) binding. A family of endogenous lectins, sharing folding, a distinct sequence signature and affinity for β-galactosides (thus termed galectins), does so effectively in a context-dependent manner. AREAS COVERED An overview is given on the multifunctional nature of galectins, with emphasis on galectin-1. The broad range of functions includes vital processes such as adhesion via glycan bridging, glycoconjugate transport or triggering signaling relevant, for example, for growth regulation. Besides distinct glycoconjugates, this lectin can also interact with certain proteins so that it can target counterreceptors at all sites of location, that is, in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus, at both sides of the membrane or extracellularly. Approaches to strategically exploit galectin activities with therapeutic intentions are outlined. EXPERT OPINION The wide versatility of sugar coding and the multifunctionality of galectin-1 explain why considering to turn the protein into a therapeutic target is an ambitious aim. Natural pathways shaped by physiologic master regulators (e.g., the tumor suppressor p16(INK4a)) are suggested to teach inspiring lessons as to how the lectin might be recruited to clinical service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bartoloni M, Domínguez BE, Dragoni E, Richichi B, Fragai M, André S, Gabius HJ, Ardá A, Luchinat C, Jiménez-Barbero J, Nativi C. Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinases: Design of a Bifunctional Inhibitor for Presentation by Tumour-Associated Galectins. Chemistry 2012; 19:1896-902. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
47
|
Lin ZY, Chuang WL. Genes responsible for the characteristics of primary cultured invasive phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 66:454-8. [PMID: 22681909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The common genes responsible for the characteristics of primary cultured invasive phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were investigated. Primary cultured HCC cells from three patients were separated by Matrigel invasion into parent and invasive cells. Whole human genome oligo microarray was applied to detect the differentially expressed genes in invasive cells. A purchased HCC cell line (HA 22T/VGH) was studied for comparison. Forty genes were consistently up-regulated and 14 genes were consistently down-regulated among primary cultured invasive cells. Among these genes, only three up-regulated genes (CNN1, PLAT, SPARC) and one down-regulated tumor suppressor gene (MDFI) had same expressions in invasive cells originated from purchased cell line. For primary cultured invasive cells, differential expressions of several groups of common genes are known to have capacities to promote proliferation (CAV1, IL6, PLAT, RRAD, SRPX), remodeling of extracellular matrix (COL1A1, COL1A2, NID2, TNC, RELN, SPARC), migration (ACTG2, CAV1, CCL2, CCL26, CDC42EP3, CNN1, PHLDB2, PLAT, RRAD, SRPX), implantation (IL6), immune escape (CD70) and angiogenesis (CCL2, IL6, IL18, PLAT, SLIT3). Two genes related to signal transduction (AXL, RASL10B) and one related to metabolism (PTGS2) also showed consistent expressions. Differential expressions of these genes are capable for tumor invasiveness. In conclusion, the characteristics of invasive phenotype HCC cells are originated from differential expressions of several groups of genes rather than few target genes. This information may give us a new insight to design new stratagems in HCC treatment. Analysis of the results from a purchased cell line may have bias due to long-term repeated in vitro cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yau Lin
- Cancer Center and Division of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim HJ, Do IG, Jeon HK, Cho YJ, Park YA, Choi JJ, Sung CO, Lee YY, Choi CH, Kim TJ, Kim BG, Lee JW, Bae DS. Galectin 1 expression is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in stage IB to IIA cervical cancer. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:62-8. [PMID: 22939954 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Galectin 1 is a 14-kd laminin-binding lectin involved in important biologic mechanisms of tumors, including neoplastic transformation, cell survival, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the role of galectin 1 in cell survival and metastasis in cervical cancer. The expression of galectin 1 was determined in 73 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical cancer tissues using an immunohistochemical method and compared with clinicopathologic risk factors for recurrence after surgery. To evaluate the role of galectin 1 in cell proliferation and invasion, we performed proliferation and invasion assays with galectin 1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) using cervical cancer cell lines, including HeLa and SiHa cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that galectin 1 expression was found in most peritumoral stroma samples (72/73; 98.6%). Galectin 1 expression was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion in the cervix (P=.015) and lymph node metastasis (P=.045) on univariate analysis. When progression-free survival of all of the patients studied was analyzed based upon galectin 1 expression, galectin 1 expression was not correlated with progression-free survival (P=.32). Down-regulation of galectin 1 using small interfering RNA resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and proliferation of HeLa and SiHa cells. Moreover, the ability of cells to invade was significantly reduced by galectin 1 small interfering RNA. Our results revealed that high galectin 1 expression in peritumoral stroma was significantly correlated with depth of invasion in cervical lesions and lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer and that galectin 1 may be functionally involved in cell proliferation and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jeong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ledeen RW, Wu G, André S, Bleich D, Huet G, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Gabius HJ. Beyond glycoproteins as galectin counterreceptors: tumor-effector T cell growth control via ganglioside GM1. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1253:206-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
50
|
Valach J, Fík Z, Strnad H, Chovanec M, Plzák J, Čada Z, Szabo P, Šáchová J, Hroudová M, Urbanová M, Šteffl M, Pačes J, Mazánek J, Vlček Č, Betka J, Kaltner H, André S, Gabius HJ, Kodet R, Smetana K, Gál P, Kolář M. Smooth muscle actin-expressing stromal fibroblasts in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Increased expression of galectin-1 and induction of poor prognosis factors. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2499-508. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|