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Sun Y, Zheng C, Li T, He X, Yang F, Guo W, Song J, Gao Y, Deng C, Huang X. GB1a Activates SIRT6 to Regulate Lipid Metabolism in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119540. [PMID: 37298491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in hepatocytes are features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Garcinia biflavonoid 1a (GB1a) is a natural product capable of hepatic protection. In this study, the effect of GB1a on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regulation of the accumulation in HepG2 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs) was investigated, and its regulatory mechanism was further explored. The result showed that GB1a reduced triglyceride (TG) content and lipid accumulation by regulating the expression of SREBP-1c and PPARα; GB1a reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improved cellular oxidative stress to protect mitochondrial morphology by regulating genes Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and Keap1; and GB1a reduced the damage of hepatocytes by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65. The activities of GB1a were lost in liver SIRT6-specific knockout mouse primary hepatocytes (SIRT6-LKO MPHs). This indicated that activating SIRT6 was critical for GB1a to perform its activity, and GB1a acted as an agonist of SIRT6. It was speculated that GB1a may be a potential drug for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Sun
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Congmin Zheng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ting Li
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xinqian He
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Wenfeng Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Institute of Science and Technology Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jianping Song
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Institute of Science and Technology Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Changsheng Deng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Institute of Science and Technology Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xinan Huang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Institute of Science and Technology Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Yu Y, Zheng C, Lu X, Deng C, Xu Q, Guo W, Wu Q, Wang Q, Liu C, Huang X, Song J. GB1a Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis via Regulation of the NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in an Experimental Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:654867. [PMID: 34557497 PMCID: PMC8452853 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.654867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease. The intake of African Garcinia Kola nuts has been reported as a therapy for diarrhea and dysentery in the African population. However, the mechanism of action through which Garcinia Kola nuts act to ameliorates UC remains unknown. GB1a is the main active component of Garcinia Kola nuts. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of GB1a on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC. Human Colonic Epithelial Cells (HCoEpic) were challenged with TNF-α to test the effects of GB1a in protecting against oxidative stress and inflammation in vitro. Our data showed that GB1a significantly attenuated DSS-induced colonic inflammatory injury manifested as reversed loss of body weight and disease activity index (DAI) scores in UC mice. We also showed that GB1a improved the permeability of the intestinal epithelium by modulating the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin). Mechanistically, GB1a may activate the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway and suppress the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in reduced oxidative stress and expression of inflammatory genes induced by TNF-α in HCoEpic cells. Our study suggests that GB1a alleviates inflammation, oxidative stress and the permeability of the colonic epithelial mucosa in UC mice via the repression of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congmin Zheng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changsheng Deng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingye Wu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Huang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Song
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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de Farias Silva D, Simões Bezerra PH, Lopes de Sousa Ribeiro L, Viana MDM, de Lima AA, da Silva Neto GJ, Teixeira CS, Machado SS, Alexandre Moreira MS, Delatorre P, Campesatto EA, Rocha BAM. Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe leaves fractions have potential to reduce effects of inflammatory diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113607. [PMID: 33242625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Since drugs currently used to manage pain and inflammatory conditions present several side effects, the investigation of new anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents from folk-medicine plants is an important approach. Costus spiralis (Costaceae) has been used in Brazilian medicinal teas to treat urinary infection, cough, inflammation, arthritis, among others. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study focused on investigating anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of fractions from C. spiralis leaves using animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adults Swiss mice were used in the following experimental models: acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin-induced nociception, hot plate, zymosan-induced peritonitis, and arthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant. RESULTS The presence of steroids was confirmed in all fractions. Flavonoids, condensed tannins and saponins were observed in EFL. In methanolic fraction leaves (MFL), the presence of flavonoids and pentacyclic triterpenoids was confirmed. Orally administered leaf fractions significantly reduced abdominal writhing. Fractions were ineffective in the neurogenic stage of the formalin test, but in the inflammatory stage, ethyl acetate fraction levaes (AcFL), ethanolic fraction leaves (EFL), and MFL significantly reduced paw licking time by 69.6 ± 11.9%, 58.2 ± 9.4%, and 79.6 ± 8.3%, respectively. In the hot plate test, the reaction latency was similar for treated animals and controls. However, in the peritonitis test, cell migration was significantly reduced in animals treated with chloroform fractions leaves ClFL (61.8 ± 11.4%), AcFL (58.7 ± 8.3%), EFL (39.2 ± 5.0%), and MFL (64.8 ± 4.4%). This was similar to the result observed in the chronic inflammation model, this time only the chloroform fraction was able to reduce paw edema. CONCLUSION Our results show that leaf fractions of Costus spiralis are capable of modulating peripheral nociceptive and inflammatory responses without effects on central nervous system being potential substrates for phytochemical purification, structural and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Farias Silva
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Simões Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alyne Almeida de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Geraldo José da Silva Neto
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Claudener Souza Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), Av. Tenente Raimundo Rocha, 1639, Bairro Cidade Universitária, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Sônia Salgueiro Machado
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre Moreira
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Plinio Delatorre
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Eliane Aparecida Campesatto
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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Sobeh M, Mahmoud MF, Rezq S, Alsemeh AE, Sabry OM, Mostafa I, Abdelfattah MAO, El-Allem KA, El-Shazly AM, Yasri A, Wink M. Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Extract Alleviates Neuropathic Pain in Rats via Modulation of the NF-κB/TNF-α/NOX/iNOS Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100482. [PMID: 31614846 PMCID: PMC6826723 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with neuropathic pain experience chronic painful tingling, burning, and prickling sensations accompanied with hyperalgesia and/or allodynia. In this study, 38 secondary metabolites of a methanol extract from Salix tetrasperma flowers were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The extract showed substantial anti-inflammatory, central and peripheral anti-nociceptive, antipyretic, and antioxidant activities in vitro and in different animal models. In the chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model, the extract was able to attenuate and significantly relieve hyperalgesia and allodynia responses in a dose dependent manner and restore the myelin sheath integrity and Schwann cells average number in the sciatic nerve. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the extract significantly reduced the expression of various pro-inflammatory biomarkers including nuclear factor kabba B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the oxidative stress biomarker NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), in brain stem and sciatic nerve tissues. These findings were supported by in vitro enzyme inhibition assays (COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX). Moreover, the extract significantly reduced p53 expression in the brain stem tissue. These findings support the use of S. tetrasperma in folk medicine to alleviate pain. It could be a promising natural product for further clinical investigations to treat inflammation, nociceptive pain and chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Omar M Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Islam Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A O Abdelfattah
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait.
| | - Khadija Ait El-Allem
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Aziz Yasri
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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5
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Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of methanolic extract of Justicia secunda Vahl leaf. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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6
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Ghaffari S, Roshanravan N. Saffron; An updated review on biological properties with special focus on cardiovascular effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:21-27. [PMID: 30391705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Saffron as a natural product has long been used to impede and treat different disorders including cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Stigma is the most principal part of saffron. Various compounds such as carotenoids and flavonoids are the essential components of saffron stigma. The health benefits of saffron have been shown in previous studies; however, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the mechanistic aspects of its cardiovascular-health properties. This current comprehensive review focuses on the medicinal applications of saffron, and then the new findings regarding its cardiovascular-health effects and various cellular and molecular mechanisms of action will be debated. METHODS The literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library was performed for all comparative studies since 2000-2018 with the limitations of the English language. RESULTS The results provided new evidence about antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti- atherogenic, anti- apoptotic, anti- hypertensive, and hypolipidemic effects of saffron. Pharmacological effects of saffron are due to a number of ingredients contained within this spice, including safranal, crocetin and crocins. CONCLUSIONS Our study concludes that saffron with wide range of usefulness in medicine may be the potent candidate in the process of new drug production for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Zihad SMNK, Bhowmick N, Uddin SJ, Sifat N, Rahman MS, Rouf R, Islam MT, Dev S, Hazni H, Aziz S, Ali ES, Das AK, Shilpi JA, Nahar L, Sarker SD. Analgesic Activity, Chemical Profiling and Computational Study on Chrysopogon aciculatus. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1164. [PMID: 30374304 PMCID: PMC6196237 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic activity of the ethanol extract of Chrysopogon aciculatus. In addition to bioassays in mice, chemical profiling was done by LC-MS and GC-MS to identify phytochemicals, which were further docked on the catalytic site of COX-2 enzymes with a view to suggest the possible role of such phytoconstituents in the observed analgesic activity. Analgesic activity of C. aciculatus was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing reflex method and hot plate technique. Phytochemical profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In docking studies, homology model of human COX-2 enzyme was prepared using Easy Modeler 4.0 and the identified phytoconstituents were docked using Autodock Vina. Preliminary acute toxicity test of the ethanol extract of C. aciculatus showed no sign of mortality at the highest dose of 4,000 mg/kg. The whole plant extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited acetic acid induced writhing in mice at the doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg. The extract delayed the response time in hot plate test in a dose dependent manner. LC-MS analysis of the plant extract revealed the presence of aciculatin, nudaphantin and 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene-3β-ol. Three compounds namely citronellylisobutyrate; 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one and nudaphantin were identified in the n-hexane fraction by GC-MS. Among these compounds, six were found to be interacting with the binding site for arachidonic acid in COX-2 enzyme. Present study strongly supports the traditional use of C. aciculatus in the management of pain. In conclusion, compounds (tricin, campesterol, gamma oryzanol, and citronellyl isobutyrate) showing promising binding affinity in docking studies, along with previously known anti-inflammatory compound aciculatin can be held responsible for the observed activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niloy Bhowmick
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Nazifa Sifat
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Rahman
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Razina Rouf
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shrabanti Dev
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Hazrina Hazni
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahin Aziz
- Chemical Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eunüs S Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Asish K Das
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Tlili N, Tir M, Feriani A, Yahia Y, Allagui MS, Saadaoui E, El Cafsi M, Nasri N. Potential health advantages of Periploca laevigata: Preliminary phytochemical analysis and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant capacity and assessment of hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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9
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Al-Sayed E, Gad HA, El-Shazly M, Abdel-Daim MM, Nasser Singab A. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of cupressuflavone from Cupressus macrocarpa: Impact on pro-inflammatory mediators. Drug Dev Res 2017; 79:22-28. [PMID: 29130540 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hit, Lead & Candidate Discovery Inflammation is a complex biological process that is generally occurs in response to pathological triggers. Both neurodegenerative diseases and cancer have been linked to inflammation. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of cupressuflavone (CUF) isolated from Cupressus macrocarpa were examined. The analgesic effects of CUF (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg po) were assessed in the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate models in mice with diclofenac sodium as the reference standard (100 mg/kg). CUF dose-dependently inhibited the writhing response in mice by 25, 48, and 62%, at the three CUF doses with 160 mg/kg being equivalent to the diclofenac control. CUF dose-dependently increased the hot plate model reaction time with a maximal effect after 120 min. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model of inflammation, CUF demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting paw edema by 55, 60, and 64% at doses of 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg po, respectively. CUF also reduced the plasma pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 (44, 54, and 58%), TNF-α (26, 37, and 53%), IL-1β (19, 33, and 41%), and IL-6 (32, 44, and 55%) at the three doses tested with the highest dose having similar effects to diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg). This finding from this study indicates that CUF has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Unity Str., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Haidy A Gad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Unity Str., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Unity Str., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11432, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Unity Str., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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10
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Afolabi AO, Alagbonsi IA, Aliyu JA. Pharmacological mechanisms involved in the analgesia induced by ethanol extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus leaves. J Pain Res 2017; 10:1997-2002. [PMID: 28860854 PMCID: PMC5573038 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s141981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hybanthus enneaspermus (HE) leaves are being used traditionally to relieve pain, and scientific studies have demonstrated their analgesic potential. This study attempted to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism(s) involved in the analgesic action of ethanol extract of H. enneaspermus leaves (EEHE). Materials and methods Forty-two male Wistar rats were separately randomized into seven groups (n=6 rats in each group) for tail immersion and formalin tests. Group I (control) received distilled water (10 mL/kg) while groups II and III received acetaminophen (the reference drug, 100 mg/kg ip) and EEHE (1000 mg/kg po), respectively. Groups IV–VII were pretreated with cimetidine (50 mg/kg ip), naloxone (5 mg/kg ip), propranolol (0.15 mg/kg ip), and prazosin (0.15 mg/kg ip), respectively, 1 hour before EEHE (1000 mg/kg po) treatment. Results The EEHE-induced increase in tail-flick latency was reduced by blockade of histamine and adrenergic receptors but prevented by blockade of opiate receptor in the tail-flick test. However, the EEHE-induced decrease in paw licking time was prevented only by blockade of opiate receptor but unaffected by histamine and adrenergic receptors blockers. Conclusion These findings suggest that the analgesic effect of EEHE in different pain types may involve different neural mechanisms and that the opioidergic pathway contributes more to EEHE-induced analgesia than the other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayobami Oladele Afolabi
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Isiaka Abdullateef Alagbonsi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gitwe, Gitwe, Republic of Rwanda
| | - Jubril Ayodeji Aliyu
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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11
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Xiao X, Wang X, Gui X, Chen L, Huang B. Natural Flavonoids as Promising Analgesic Candidates: A Systematic Review. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1427-1440. [PMID: 27449823 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Due to the chemical structural diversity and various analgesic mechanisms, an increasing number of studies indicated that some flavonoids from medicinal plants could be promising candidates for new natural analgesic drugs, which attract high interests of advanced users and academic researchers. The aim of this systematic review is to report flavonoids and its derivatives as new analgesic candidates based on the pharmacological evidences. Sixty-four papers were found concerning the potential analgesic activity of 46 flavonoids. In this case, the evidence for analgesic activity of flavonoids and total flavonoids was investigated. Meanwhile, the corresponding analgesic mechanism of flavonoids was discussed by generalizing and analyzing the current publications. Based on this review, the conclusion can be drawn that some flavonoids are promising candidates for painful conditions and deserve particular attention in further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Baokang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Golshani Y, Zarei M, Mohammadi S. Acute/Chronic Pain Relief: Is Althaea officinalis Essential Oil Effective? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/ajnpp-36586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Udeh NE, Onoja SO. Analgesic and free radical scavenging activities of hydromethanolic extract of Crateva adansonii stem bark. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 4:221-3. [PMID: 26401411 PMCID: PMC4579488 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20150403055054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crateva adansonii is a moderately sized deciduous tree found throughout the tropics especially along the river banks. This study was aimed at the evaluation of the analgesic and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of C. adansonii stem-bark. METHODS The analgesic activity of Crateva extract was investigated using both chemical and thermal models of nociception in rodents while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) photometric model. RESULTS The extract produced a minute concentration-dependent increase in free radical scavenging activities. The extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) caused a significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in the number of writhing in treated rats when compared to the negative control. The extract at 100, 200, 400 mg/kg, and pentazocine (3 mg/kg) increased the pain reaction time in the treated rats by 58.05%, 66.67%, 94.76%, and 79.40%, respectively, when compared to the negative control. CONCLUSION The C. adansonii stem bark possesses analgesic activity against peripheral and central mediated pain sensation and also antioxidant properties. This study justifies the ethnomedical use of C. adansonii in pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkeiruka E Udeh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umudike, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O Onoja
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umudike, Abia, Nigeria
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Gupta A, Nishteswar K, Shukla VJ, Ashok BK. Evaluation of analgesic activity of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn bark: A tribal claim. Ayu 2015. [PMID: 26195913 PMCID: PMC4492035 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.159041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plants occupy an important place in folk medicine all over the world for centuries and indigenous communities have developed their own specific knowledge on plant resources, uses, management, and conservation. Research interest and activities in the area of ethno medicine have increased tremendously in the last decade. Currently, scientists are evincing keen interest in the scientific evaluation of ethno medical claims. Bark powder of Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna [Roxb.] Wight and Arn) is used by tribals for the management of some painful conditions. Aim: To evaluate analgesic activity of T. arjuna bark in rodents. Materials and Methods: For evaluation of analgesic activity, different experimental models, that is, the acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome in mice, formaldehyde-induced paw licking response and tail flick test in rats were designed. Experiments were carried out at two-dose levels, that is, therapeutically equivalent dose (TED) and TED × 2. Animals were divided into three groups (six animals in each group), first group serving as a control group, second and third group labeled as test drug group. Results: Test drug at both the doses significantly decreased the writhing syndrome in comparison to control the group. In comparison to control the group, incidences of formalin-induced paw licking were reduced in test drug groups in both early and late phases of pain. In tail flick response, threshold was significantly increased in both test drug groups at every time intervals. Conclusion: Study showed that stem bark of T. arjuna possesses analgesic activity in all experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Gupta
- Department of Ayurveda, Shri Ram Singh Hospital and Heart Institute, Krishnanagar, Delhi, India
| | - K Nishteswar
- Department of Dravyaguna, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinay J Shukla
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - B K Ashok
- Drug Discovery Group, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Udeh NE, Onoja SO. Analgesic and free radical scavenging activities of hydromethanolic extract of Crateva adansonii stem bark. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015. [PMID: 26401412 PMCID: PMC4579496 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20150430010855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: Crateva adansonii is a moderately sized deciduous tree found throughout the tropics especially along the river banks. This study was aimed at the evaluation of the analgesic and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of C. adansonii stem-bark. Methods: The analgesic activity of Crateva extract was investigated using both chemical and thermal models of nociception in rodents while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) photometric model. Results: The extract produced a minute concentration-dependent increase in free radical scavenging activities. The extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) caused a significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in the number of writhing in treated rats when compared to the negative control. The extract at 100, 200, 400 mg/kg, and pentazocine (3 mg/kg) increased the pain reaction time in the treated rats by 58.05%, 66.67%, 94.76%, and 79.40%, respectively, when compared to the negative control. Conclusion: The C. adansonii stem bark possesses analgesic activity against peripheral and central mediated pain sensation and also antioxidant properties. This study justifies the ethnomedical use of C. adansonii in pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkeiruka E Udeh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umudike, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O Onoja
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umudike, Abia, Nigeria
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Zaman A, Khan MSS, Akter L, Syeed SH, Akter J, Al Mamun A, Alam ME, Habib MA, Jalil MA. Exploring new pharmacology and toxicological screening and safety evaluation of one widely used formulation of Nidrakar Bati from South Asia region. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:121. [PMID: 25880852 PMCID: PMC4415343 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nidrakar Bati (NKB) is an herbal remedy consisted with seven medicinal herbs widely used to cure Somnifacient (sleeping aid) in South Asia as Ayurvedic medicinal system. In the present study, pharmacological and toxicological effects of this medicine was investigated in mice to validate the safety and efficacy of the herb. METHODS Organic solvent extracts NKB were prepared using maceration method. Effect of extracts on the central nervous system was evaluated using hypnotic activity assay. Effect of the extracts on metabolic activity, assessing involvement of thyroid was conducted using hypoxia test. analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed in mice using acetic acid induced writhing, formalin induced paw edema, xylene induced ear edema assays. Anxiolytic activity was performed using plus maze, climbing out and forced swimming tests. Effect of the extracts on psychopharmacological effect was carried out using locomotor activity tests (open field, Hole-board and Hole-cross tests). Neuropharmacological effect of the extracts was performed using motor coordination (rotarod test). Toxicological potential of the extract was evaluated using gastro-intestinal activity (gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility tests). RESULTS The studied formulation reduced the CNS stimulant effects dose independently. In the hypoxia test, only a dose of 100 mg/kg of NKB decreased the survival time. Orally administration of the NKB (200 and 400 mg/kg) produced significant inhibition (P < 0.01) of the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and suppressed xylene induced ear edema and formalin-induced licking response of animals in both phases of the test. NKB showed locomotor activity (p < 0.05) both in higher and lower doses (100 and 400 mg/kg). NKB increased the total ambulation dose dependently (p < 0.05). NKB, at all tested doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) increased some locomotion activity parameters (ambulation, head dipping and emotional defecation) in hole board test. At higher doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), NKB showed a significant increase in hole cross test. NKB showed an increase in the time on the open arms of the maze at low to medium doses (100 and 200 mg/kg). When using the Rotarod method, NKB showed a considerable increase on motor coordination of the mice. NKB produced marked gastric emptying effect and decreased gastrointestinal motility in mice at low dose. CONCLUSIONS NKB demonstrated various pharmacological effects and toxicological effects due to presence of several herbs in the formulation those are not closely fit for the effect of CNS depressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afria Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Lucky Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh.
| | - Sharif Hossain Syeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Jakia Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ershad Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ahsan Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abdul Jalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Zakaria ZA, Sani MHM, Cheema MS, Kader AA, Kek TL, Salleh MZ. Antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of Muntingia calabura leaves: further elucidation of the possible mechanisms. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:63. [PMID: 24555641 PMCID: PMC3941974 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Muntingia calabura (Elaecoparceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used, particularly, by the Peruvian people to alleviate headache and cold, pain associated with gastric ulcers or to reduce the prostate gland swelling. Following the recent establishment of antinociceptive activity of M. calabura leaf, the present study was performed to further elucidate on the possible mechanisms of antinociception involved. Methods The methanol extract of M. calabura (MEMC) was prepared in the doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg. The role of bradykinin, protein kinase C, pottasium channels, and various opioid and non-opioid receptors in modulating the extract’s antinociceptive activity was determined using several antinociceptive assays. Results are presented as Mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). The one-way ANOVA test with Dunnett's multiple comparison was used to analyze and compare the data, with P < 0.05 as the limit of significance. Results The MEMC, at all doses, demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in both the bradykinin- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced nociception. Pretreatment of the 500 mg/kg MEMC with 10 mg/kg glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibitor), the antagonist of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors (namely 10 mg/kg β-funaltrexamine, 1 mg/kg naltrindole and 1 mg/kg nor-binaltorphimine), and the non-opioid receptor antagonists (namely 3 mg/kg caffeine (a non-selective adenosinergic receptor antagonist), 0.15 mg/kg yohimbine (an α2-noradrenergic antagonist), and 1 mg/kg pindolol (a β-adrenoceptor antagonist)) significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the MEMC antinociception. However, 10 mg/kg atropine (a non-selective cholinergic receptor antagonist), 0.15 mg/kg prazosin (an α1-noradrenergic antagonist) and 20 mg/kg haloperidol (a non-selective dopaminergic antagonist) did not affect the extract's antinociception. The phytochemicals screening revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenes while the HPLC analysis showed the presence of flavonoid-based compounds. Conclusions The antinociceptive activity of MEMC involved activation of the non-selective opioid (particularly the μ-, δ- and κ-opioid) and non-opioid (particularly adenosinergic, α2-noradrenergic, and β-adrenergic) receptors, modulation of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel, and inhibition of bradikinin and protein kinase C actions. The discrepancies in MEMC antinociception could be due to the presence of various phytochemicals.
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Campos JJ, Azevedo ADO, Filho JDDS, Perez AC, Braga FC. Bioguided isolation of myricetin-3-O-β-galactopyranoside with antinociceptive activity from the aerial part of Davilla elliptica St.-Hil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:270-4. [PMID: 24001889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Davilla elliptica St.-Hil. (Dilleniaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil to treat inflammatory processes, to relieve pain, as diuretic, gastro- and hepatoprotective agents. AIM OF THE STUDY To undertake the fractionation of the ethanolic extract from Davilla elliptica leaves guided by an antinociceptive assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antinociceptive activity was evaluated through the formalin test in mice. Extract fractionation was performed by percolation through silica gel and partition between immiscible solvents, followed by successive column chromatography over Sephadex LH-20 and preparative RP-HPLC. Structure elucidation of the isolated compound was accomplished by spectroscopic data. RESULTS The EtOAc and MeOH fractions derived from the crude extract reduced significantly the licking time in the late phase of the formalin test. The bioguided fractionation of the MeOH fraction resulted in the isolation of myricetin-3-O-β-galactopyranoside, which produced significant inhibition on nociception induced by formalin (ID50=0.26 mg/kg; p.o.). CONCLUSIONS These results point out that myricetin-3-O-β-galactopyranoside contributes for the antinociceptive effect of Davilla elliptica extract, a constituent considerably more potent than diclofenac, employed as reference drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara Júlia Campos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
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de Souza Ferro JN, da Silva JP, Conserva LM, Barreto E. Leaf extract from Clusia nemorosa induces an antinociceptive effect in mice via a mechanism that is adrenergic systems dependent. Chin J Nat Med 2013; 11:385-90. [PMID: 23845547 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the genus Clusia have shown anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of the leaf extracts, but its antinociceptive activity has never been characterized. In the present study, the antinociceptive activity of the hexane extract of the leaves of Clusia nemorosa G. Mey, called HECn, was examined. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, and hot-plate tests. All experiments were carried out on male Swiss mice. The extract (1-400 mg·kg(-1)), given by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) 1 h prior to testing, produced a dose-dependent inhibition on the number of abdominal writhings, with an ID50 of 62 mg·kg(-1). In addition, HECn was able to prevent the visceral pain induced by acetic acid in mice for at least 2 h. In the formalin test, HECn had no effect in the first phase, but produced an analgesic effect on the second phase with the inhibition of licking time. The HECn did not show a significant analgesic effect in the hot plate test. Pretreatment with yohimbine attenuated the antinociceptive effect induced by HECn in the writhing test. However, naloxone, atropine, or haloperidol did not affect antinociception induced by HECn in the writhing test. Together, these results indicate that the extract from the leaves of Clusia nemorosa produces antinociception in models of chemical pain through mechanisms that suggest participation of the adrenergic systems pathway.
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Donkor K, Okine LN, Abotsi WK, Woode E. Anti-inflammatory and Anti-nociceptive Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Root Bark of Cassia sieberiana D. C. in Murine Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2013.301.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Lepidium sativum Linn, which is known as "Aselio" locally, is frequently used by the villagers for the treatment of Sandhivata (osteoarthritis), with good therapeutic relief. Here, we have to observe the analgesic activity of the seed of Lepidium sativum Linn in albino rats and Swiss albino mice with different parameters. The analgesic study was performed with acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice, formaldehyde-induced paw licking response in rats and tail flick response in mice. Experiments were carried out in two groups - therapeutic dose group and double dose group - with comparison with the control group. In the acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome, latency of onset was highly significantly increased in the therapeutic dose group and significant increase was found in the double dose group. In the formaldehyde-induced paw licking response, the test drug produced significant inhibition of neurogenic pain in the double dose group and significant inhibition of inflammatory pain in the therapeutic dose group. In the tail flick response, the test drug produced a mild to moderate effect in the therapeutic dose group and also in the double dose group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita D Raval
- Department of Dravyaguna, Government Ayurvedic College, Junagadh, India
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Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Vernonia polyanthes leaves in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3887-3899. [PMID: 22489187 PMCID: PMC3317747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethanol extract from Vernonia polyanthes leaves (EEVP) was investigated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects at the doses (p.o.) of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg in animal models. The extract reduced the number of abdominal contortions by 16.75% and 31.44% at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The results obtained showed that EEVP exerted a significant antinociceptive effect in the two phases of formalin. The EEVP increased the reaction time on a hot plate at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg after 90 min of treatment. The paw edema was reduced by EEVP at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg after 4 h of application of carrageenan. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, administered 4 h before the carrageenan injection, significantly reduced the exudate volume (29.25 and 45.74%, respectively) and leukocyte migration (18.19 and 27.95%, respectively). These results suggest that V. polyanthes can be an active source of substances with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Shah AS, Alagawadi KR. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of Thespesia populnea Soland ex. Correa seed extracts and its fractions in animal models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1504-1509. [PMID: 21893182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thespesia populnea Sol. ex Correa (Malvaceae) is commonly known as "Indian tulip tree". The plant has been used as an astringent, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and hepatoprotective in Indian system of traditional medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thespesia populnea seeds were successively extracted by soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether (40-60 °C) (TPO) and ethanol (TPE). Unsaponifiable matter (TPOUM) and fatty acids were separated from seed oil. A GC-MS analysis of fatty acid methyl esters was carried out. Ethanolic extract was fractionated using CHCl(3), EtOAc, n-BuOH and H(2)O. Acute arthritis was induced by sub-plantar injection of carrageenan into the left hind paw of rats. The paw volume was measured using plethysmometer. Analgesic activity was assessed by heat induced pains (tail immersion model) and antipyretic activity assessed using brewers yeast-induced pyrexia model. RESULTS Oral administration of TPO and TPE at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. and tested fractions at 200mg/kg significantly reduced carrageenan induced paw edema and brewers yeast-induced pyrexia. In tail immersion method also extracts and fractions showed significant analgesic activity. Amongst all fractions EtOAc showed most significant results. TPOUM showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. GC-MS analyses showed the presence of fourteen fatty acids, predominant fatty acids were palmitic and stearic acid. CONCLUSION These results highlighted anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects of Thespesia populnea seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol S Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLEU's College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
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Sanz-Biset J, Cañigueral S. Plant use in the medicinal practices known as "strict diets" in Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:271-288. [PMID: 21627986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Strict diets are traditional medicinal practices where plant remedies are consumed with nearly fasting and with some sort of social seclusion. The aim of this work was to describe these practices of Chazuta and the use of plants within, as well as to analyse the possible functions of the last. MATERIAL AND METHODS The information was obtained through interviews to the 6.3% of the district rural adult population (140 individuals, 75% of which was considered Quechua). RESULTS In total, 122 strict diets were recorded and 106 different plant species were reported to be used. Strict diets present a characteristic structure and plant use. The main effects reported in strict diets were antinflammatory, antiinfective, brain function alteration and depuration. CONCLUSIONS Strict diets are well structured traditional medicinal practices, also with a symbolic significance in the life cycle of chazutian men. Plants used in strict diets can contribute to the main effects through antinflammation, antiinfective actions, psychoactivity and depurative related activities. The correlation between literature evidence of activity of most used plants and effects reported for the correspondent diet (i.e. in which the plant was used) are 36% for antinflammatory activity, 29% for antimicrobial activity, 18% for psychoactivity and 5% for depurative related activities. The percentages go to 77%, 64%, 73% and 32%, respectively, when literature evidences on related taxa are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Sanz-Biset
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Sasikala V, Saravanan S, Parimelazhagan T. Analgesic and anti–inflammatory activities of Passiflora foetida L. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2011; 4:600-3. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Santos JAA, Calheiros A, Nascimento DD, Bérenger ALR, Amendoeira FC, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Figueiredo MR, Alves LA, Frutuoso VDS. Chemical profile and antinociceptive efficacy of Rheedia longifolia leaf extract. J Med Food 2011; 14:1039-45. [PMID: 21612458 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different species of the family Clusiaceae, including Rheedia longifolia, are used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. This family is largely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of Brazil, but their chemical and pharmacological properties have been the subject of a few studies. In previous studies, we found that the aqueous extract from R. longifolia leaves presented important anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. We investigated the chemical profile of R. longifolia and characterized the pharmacological effect of different chemically identified fractions in pharmacological models of neurogenic and inflammatory nociception. The pharmacological tests showed that oral treatment with aqueous crude extract and fractions of methanol extract of R. longifolia leaf induced a significant antinociceptive effect using von Frey filaments. In addition, the most polar fractions presented antinociceptive activity in a neurogenic model of nociception (capsaicin model). The chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of bisflavonoids in the fractions obtained from the methanol extract. These results suggest that bisflavonoids found in methanol-extracted fractions are involved in the inhibition of inflammatory and neurogenic nociception. It is important that the R. longifolia aqueous extract treatment inhibited ulcer formation induced by indomethacin, suggesting an anti-ulcerogenic activity closely associated with its analgesic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A A Santos
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Promotion of Environmental Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Santos JAA, Fidalgo-Neto AA, Faria RX, Simões A, Calheiros AS, Bérenger AL, Faria-Neto HCC, Figueiredo MR, Frutuoso VSL, Alves LA. Effect of Rheedia longifolia leaf extract and fractions on the P2X₇ receptor in vitro: novel antagonists? J Med Food 2011; 14:920-9. [PMID: 21554119 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the P2X(7) receptor has been reported to be associated with chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Because Rheedia longifolia extract has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, we evaluated the in vitro inhibitory potential of methanol extract and fractions from its leaves on the P2X(7) purinergic receptor. The activity of P2X(7) was studied with a dye uptake assay and with the whole-cell patch clamp technique in mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with methanol extract of R. longifolia leaves and fractions. The dye uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The R. longifolia extract and some fractions showed an inhibitory effect on the P2X(7) purinergic receptor in a dose-dependent manner. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most potent inhibitory effects. The methanol extract and the butanol fraction showed the same inhibitory effects, despite their lower potency compared with the other fractions. The R. longifolia extract and some of its fractions may be anti-inflammatory because of their inhibitory effect on the P2X(7) receptor. Further investigation is needed to determine the pattern of inhibition and selectivity. Chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of bisflavonoids in the methanol extract fractions. A member of this chemical family is the most probable active compound responsible for the P2X(7) inhibitory effects present in the R. Longifolia extract and fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A A Santos
- Laboratory Evaluation and Promotion of Environmental Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zakaria ZA, Hussain MK, Mohamad AS, Abdullah FC, Sulaiman MR. Anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of ficus deltoidea. Biol Res Nurs 2011; 14:90-7. [PMID: 21278166 DOI: 10.1177/1099800410395378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ficus deltoidea (Family Moraceae) leaves have been used traditionally by the Malays to treat ailments such as wounds, sores, and rheumatism. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of F. deltoidea leaf (FDA) using acute and chronic inflammatory models. FDA, in the doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, was administered intraperitoneally in rats (n = 6) before the animals were subjected to the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, cotton pellet-induced granuloma test, and formalin test. The first two tests represent acute and chronic models of inflammation, respectively. The first and second phases of the formalin test represent neurogenic pain and inflammatory-mediated pain, respectively; thus, only the second phase was measured in the present study. Results showed that FDA exerted significant (p < .05) anti-inflammatory activity in all assays, with dose-response effects seen in the paw edema and formalin tests. In conclusion, the leaf of F. deltoidea possesses anti-inflammatory activity against acute and chronic inflammatory responses and against pain-associated inflammatory response. These findings justify the traditional uses of F. deltoidea leaves for treatment of inflammatory-mediated ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Djoufack GLN, Valant-Vetschera KM, Schinnerl J, Brecker L, Lorbeer E, Robien W. Xanthones, Biflavanones and Triterpenes from Pentadesma grandifolia (Clusiaceae): Structural Determination and Bioactivity. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem bark, roots, leaves and fruits of Pentadesma grandifolia Baker f. (Clusiaceae) have been analyzed for the presence of xanthones, biflavonoids and triterpenoids. Isolated and identified structures include the xanthones cowagarcinone B (1) and α-mangostin (2), further the two biflavanones 3,8″-binaringenin (3) and the corresponding 3,6″-binaringenin (4), which is here reported as natural constituent for the first time. Structures were determined by NMR and mass spectrometry, as well as by 13C-NMR CSEARCH and SPECINFO database systems. The triterpenes lupeol (5), ß-amyrin (6) and betulin (7) were also encountered. Compounds 2 - 4 exhibited antifungal activity against Cladosporium sphaerospermum. Results are discussed in context to organ-specific accumulation and to other bioactivities that may relate to the ethnomedicinal uses of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Leontine Nwabouloun Djoufack
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany – Chemodiversity Research Group, Faculty Center of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Karin M. Valant-Vetschera
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany – Chemodiversity Research Group, Faculty Center of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Johann Schinnerl
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany – Chemodiversity Research Group, Faculty Center of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraβe 38, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Eberhard Lorbeer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraβe 38, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Robien
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraβe 38, A-1090 Wien, Austria
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Srivastava R, Ahmed H, Dixit RK, Dharamveer, Saraf SA. Crocus sativus L.: A comprehensive review. Pharmacogn Rev 2010; 4:200-8. [PMID: 22228962 PMCID: PMC3249922 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.70919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. belonging to the family Iridaceae (syn - kesar) comprises the dried red stigma and is widely cultivated in Iran and other countries such as India and Greece. Saffron contains more than 150 volatile and aroma-yielding compounds mainly terpenes, terpene alcohol, and their esters. The bitter taste and an iodoform or hay-like fragrance are caused by chemicals picrocrocin and safranal. C. sativus possesses a number of medicinally important activities such as antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antitussive, antigenototoxic and cytotoxic effects, anxiolytic aphrodisiac, antioxidant, antidepressant, antinociceptive , anti-inflammatory, and relaxant activity. It also improves memory and learning skills, and increases blood flow in retina and choroid. The present review explores the historical background, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions, uses, substitutes and adulterants, and toxicity. It also deals with its evaluation, formulations, and chemical tests in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Srivastava
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H. Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R. K. Dixit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharamveer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. A. Saraf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Saeed MK, Deng Y, Dai R, Li W, Yu Y, Iqbal Z. Appraisal of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of extract and fractions from the leaves of Torreya grandis Fort Ex. Lindl. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:414-418. [PMID: 19857564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2007] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Torreya grandis (Taxaceae) was studied for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Leaves were extracted with 80% ethanol at 80 degrees C for 3h and fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butanol. The aqueous ethanolic extract (aq.EE), ethylacetate fraction (EaF) and butanol fraction (BtF) at the doses of (100 and 200mg/kg, i.g.) body weight were used for study. Evaluation of antinociceptive activity was carried out by acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced paw licking time in the first and second phases of mice. The paw edema induced by formalin- and xylene-induced ear edema were used to assess anti-inflammatory activity. It was found that Torreya grandis extract and fractions at the doses of (100 and 200mg/kg, i.g.) were significantly attenuated the writhing responses induced by acetic acid and second phase of pain response induced by subplantar injection of formalin in mice. In addition, these extract and fractions inhibiting the formaldehyde-induced arthritis as well as xylene-induces edema prolifically. From acute oral toxicity studies no mortality was pragmatic even at highest dose (2500 mg/kg, i.g.). Furthermore, our phytochemical studies indicated that the aq. ethanolic extract of leaves contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. The results provide justification for the folkloric uses of Torreya grandis in the treatment of analgesic and inflammatory-based diseases across the China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid Saeed
- FBRC, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Labs Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
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Yim JH, Lee OH, Choi UK, Kim YC. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extracts of Glycine max (L.) Merr and Rhynchosia nulubilis seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:4742-4753. [PMID: 20087462 PMCID: PMC2808008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the in vivo potential of ethanolic extracts of Glycine max (L.) Merr. (SoRiTae) and Rhynchosia nulubilis (Yak-Kong) seeds as natural anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory agents. To assess the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential, the ethanolic extracts of SoRiTae and Yak-Kong seeds were tested in arachidonic acid-induced ear edema, carrageenan induced paw edema, formalin-induced licking time, acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate-induced thermal stimulation in mice. The administration of ethanolic extracts of SoRiTae and Yak-Kong seeds evoked a significant effect of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities as compared to standards aminopyrine and indomethacin. The ear edema, paw edema, paw licking time, pain and writhes in mice were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) as compared to the control. The results obtained in this study indicate that both SoRiTae and Yak-Kong soybeans possesses potential anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyuk Yim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Kyonggi, 463-746, Korea; E-Mail:
(J.H.Y.)
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi, 463-836, Korea
| | - Ung-Kyu Choi
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang 790-834, Korea; E-Mail:
(U.-K.C.)
| | - Young-Chan Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Kyonggi, 463-746, Korea; E-Mail:
(J.H.Y.)
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Zeashan H, Amresh G, Rao CV, Singh S. Antinociceptive activity of Amaranthus spinosus in experimental animals. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:492-496. [PMID: 19429318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY 50% ethanol extract (ASE) of Amaranthus spinosus (whole plant) has been evaluated for antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities were studied by measuring nociception by formalin, acetic acid, hot plate, tail immersion method while inflammation was induced by carrageenan. RESULTS ASE had significant dose dependent percentage protection against acetic acid (0.6% of 10 ml) induced pain and the effects were also compared to aspirin, morphine and naloxone while formalin induced pain (0.05 ml of 2.5%) was significantly blocked only at higher dose (400mg/kg) in first phase. ASE significantly blocked pain emanating from inflammation at all the doses in second phase. The reaction time in hot plate was increased significantly and dose dependently where as pretreatment with naloxone rigorously reduced the analgesic potentials of ASE. Further in tail immersion test the same dose dependent and significant activity was observed. Aspirin had no effect on thermal induced pain i.e. hot plate and tail immersion tests but showed an effect on writhing test. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation show that Amaranthus spinosus possess significant and dose dependant antiinflammatory activity, it has also central and peripheral analgesic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Zeashan
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sulaiman M, Hussain M, Zakaria Z, Somchit M, Moin S, Mohamad A, Israf D. Evaluation of the antinociceptive activity of Ficus deltoidea aqueous extract. Fitoterapia 2008; 79:557-61. [PMID: 18672036 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jia Q, Su W, Peng W, Li P, Wang Y. Anti-diarrhoea and analgesic activities of the methanol extract and its fractions of Jasminum amplexicaule Buch.-Ham. (Oleaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 119:299-304. [PMID: 18682285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Jasminum amplexicaule Buch.-Ham. (Oleaceae) has been commonly used in the traditional medicine in dysentery, diarrhoea and bellyache in China. In the present work, the methanol extract of Jasminum amplexicaule and different fractions of this extract were studied for anti-diarrhoea and analgesic activities. The anti-diarrhoea activities were investigated using castor oil-induced, magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models, antienteropooling assay and gastrointestinal motility models in mice. The analgesic activities were studied using hot-plate, writhing and formalin models in mice. At the doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg, the methanol extract (ME) showed significant and dose-dependent anti-diarrhoea and analgesic activity in these models. The chloroform fraction (CHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and the residual methanol fraction (RMF) exhibited similar activity using a dose of 200mg/kg in these models. The pharmacological activities of the n-butanol fraction (BUF) were lesser than the ME extract and other fractions. These results may support the fact that this plant is traditionally used to cure diarrhoea and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Jia
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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Biochemical pharmacology of biflavonoids: Implications for anti-inflammatory action. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:265-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oluwatoyin AE, Adewale AA, Isaac AT. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of a Nigerian polyherbal tonic tea (PHT) extract in rodents. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2008; 5:247-56. [PMID: 20161945 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v5i3.31280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of a Nigerian Polyherbal Health Tonic tea aqueous extract (PHT) in rodents of both sexes. 100-500 mg kg(-1) of the aqueous extract was administered via the intra-peritoneal (i.p.) and oral (p.o.) routes to 5 groups of mice using tail immersion, tail clip, formalin and acetic acid-induced writhing tests of experimental nociceptive models. Each of the models showed that PHT possesses a significant (p<0.05) anti-nociceptive effects which were peripherally and centrally mediated as both the early and late phases of pain significantly (p<0.05) were inhibited. However, the peripherally mediated analgesic effect of PHT, although similar to that of aspirin but was found to be more potent than aspirin. In assessing its anti-inflammatory potentials, 300-1340 mg kg(-1) PHT was also administered via oral and intraperitoneal routes, which, significantly (p<0.05) reduced the volume of carrageenan-induced oedema. Although, PHT administered via i.p. route was more effective than the oral but there was barely any difference between the percentage inhibition of oedema volume at both 600 and 1340 mg kg(-1) given orally. PHT anti-inflammatory effect was elucidated to be significantly (p<0.05) mediated via histaminergic, serotonergic, bradykinin and prostaglandin inhibition. PHT was also shown to be more protective than acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in the castor oil-induced diarrhea model, which suggests the involvement of other mechanisms. Thus, lending supports to its folkloric use in pain and swelling management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agbaje Esther Oluwatoyin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Bose A, Mondal S, Gupta JK, Ghosh T, Dash GK, Si S. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the ethanolic extract and its fractions of Cleome rutidosperma. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:515-20. [PMID: 17651915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of the ethanolic extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) and its fractions (200 mg/kg each) of the aerial parts of Cleome rutidosperma produced significant analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion tests, anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenin induced inflammation and adjuvant induced polyarthritis and antipyretic activity against yeast-induced pyrexia. Fractionation of the ethanolic extract potentiated the activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Bose
- Institute of Pharmacy and Technology, Salipur, Cuttack District, Orissa - 754 202, India.
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Delporte C, Backhouse N, Inostroza V, Aguirre MC, Peredo N, Silva X, Negrete R, Miranda HF. Analgesic activity of Ugni molinae (murtilla) in mice models of acute pain. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 112:162-5. [PMID: 17403589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 01/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf extracts of Ugni molinae Turcz. (Myrtaceae) are used in Chilean folk medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The antinociceptive effect of dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol (ME) leaf extracts was assessed by intraperitoneal, oral and topical administration in writhing, tail flick, and tail formalin tests in mice. The extracts showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in all the assays under different administration routes. The ED(50) values for the different tests for the DCM, EA, ME extract and reference drug (ibuprofen) were as follows. Writhing test in acetic acid (i.p. administration): 0.21, 0.37, 1.37 and 0.85mg/kg, respectively; tail flick test (oral administration): 199, 189, 120 and 45.9mg/kg. The EC(50) values for tail flick test were (topical administration): 2.0, 0.35, 1.4 and 8.2% (w/v), respectively; and the topical analgesic effects were (formalin assay) 75.5, 77.5, 31.6 and 76.5%, respectively. Ugni molinae extracts produce antinociception in chemical and thermal pain models through a mechanism partially linked to either lipooxygenase and/or cyclooxygenase via the arachidonic acid cascade and/or opioid receptors. Flavonoid glycosides and triterpenoids have been isolated from the plant and can be associated with the observed effect. Our results corroborate the analgesic effects of Ugni molinae, and justify its traditional use for treating pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delporte
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 1, Chile. <
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Lans C. Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for reproductive problems. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2007; 3:13. [PMID: 17362507 PMCID: PMC1838898 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout history women have tried to control or enhance their fertility using herbal remedies, with various levels of societal support. Caribbean folk medicine has been influenced by European folk medicine, either through the early Spanish and French settlers or through the continuous immigration of Spanish-speaking peoples from Venezuela. Some folk uses are ancient and were documented by Galen and Pliny the Elder. METHODS Thirty respondents, ten of whom were male were interviewed from September 1996 to September 2000. The respondents were obtained by snowball sampling, and were found in thirteen different sites, 12 in Trinidad (Paramin, Talparo, Sangre Grande, Mayaro, Carapichaima, Kernahan, Newlands, Todd's Road, Arima, Guayaguayare, Santa Cruz, Port of Spain and Siparia) and one in Tobago (Mason Hall). Snowball sampling was used because there was no other means of identifying respondents and to cover the entire islands. The validation of the remedies was conducted with a non-experimental method. RESULTS Plants are used for specific problems of both genders. Clusea rosea, Urena sinuata and Catharanthus roseus are used for unspecified male problems. Richeria grandis and Parinari campestris are used for erectile dysfunction. Ageratum conyzoides, Scoparia dulcis, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, Gomphrena globosa and Justicia pectoralis are used for prostate problems. The following plants are used for childbirth and infertility: Mimosa pudica, Ruta graveolens, Abelmoschus moschatus, Chamaesyce hirta, Cola nitida, Ambrosia cumanenesis, Pilea microphylla, Eryngium foetidum, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata, Coleus aromaticus, Laportea aestuans and Vetiveria zizanioides. The following plants are used for menstrual pain and unspecified female complaints: Achyranthes indica, Artemisia absinthium, Brownea latifolia, Eleutherine bulbosa, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Eupatorium macrophyllum, Justicia secunda, Parthenium hysterophorus, Wedelia trilobata, Abelmoschus moschatus, Capraria biflora, Cordia curassavica, Croton gossypifolius, Entada polystachya, Leonotis nepetaefolia, Eryngium foetidum, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata and Ambrosia cumanenesis. CONCLUSION Native Caribbean plants have been less studied that those from Africa, India and Europe. Chamaesyce hirta has scientific support but as a diuretic. Other plants with level 3 validity for reproductive issues are: Achyranthes indica, Coleus aromaticus, Hibiscus rosa-sinesis, Parthenium hysterophorus and Ruta graveolens. The non-experimental validation method can be used to advise the public on which plants are safe, effective and useful, and which are not; pending clinical trials. This is especially important since so few clinical trials are conducted on Caribbean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Lans
- BCICS, University of Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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Frutuoso VDS, Monteiro MM, Amendoeira FC, Almeida ALF, do Nascimento DD, Bérenger ALR, Kaplan MAC, Figueiredo MR, Bozza PT, Castro-Faria-Neto HC. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of Rheedia longifolia Planch & Triana. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 102:91-6. [PMID: 17294007 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007000100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheedia longifolia Planch et Triana belongs to the Clusiaceae family. This plant is widely distributed in Brazil, but its chemical and pharmacological properties have not yet been studied. We report here that leaves aqueous extract of R. longifolia (LAE) shows analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Oral or intraperitoneal administration of this extract dose-dependently inhibited the abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid in mice. The analgesic effect and the duration of action were similar to those observed with sodium diclofenac, a classical non-steroidal analgesic. In addition to the effect seen in the abdominal constriction model, LAE was also able to inhibit the hyperalgesia induced by lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria (LPS) in rats. We also found that R. longifolia LAE inhibited an inflammatory reaction induced by LPS in the pleural cavity of mice. Acute toxicity was evaluated in mice treated with the extract for seven days with 50 mg/kg/day. Neither death, nor alterations in weight, blood leukocyte counts or hematocrit were noted. Our results suggest that aqueous extract from R. longifolia leaves has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity with minimal toxicity and are therefore endowed with a potential for pharmacological control of pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valber da Silva Frutuoso
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacodinâmica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brasil.
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Zakaria ZA, Mustapha S, Sulaiman MR, Mat Jais AM, Somchit MN, Abdullah FC. The antinociceptive action of aqueous extract from Muntingia calabura leaves: the role of opioid receptors. Med Princ Pract 2007; 16:130-6. [PMID: 17303949 DOI: 10.1159/000098366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out to investigate the antinociceptive activity of the aqueous extract of Muntingia calabura (MCAE) leaves and to determine the effect of temperature and the involvement of the opioid receptor on the said activity using the abdominal constriction test (ACT) and hot-plate test (HPT) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract was prepared by soaking the dried powdered leaves of M. calabura in distilled water (dH(2)O) overnight, and the supernatant obtained was considered as a stock solution with 100% concentration. The stock solution was diluted to 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100% and used to determine the antinociceptive activity of MCAE. A further experiment was done with 50% concentration to determine the effect of temperature and naloxone involvement of the opioid receptor system in MCAE antinociceptive activity. RESULTS At the various concentrations MCAE showed significant antinociceptive activity in both tests. However, the concentration-dependent activity was observed only in the ACT but not in the HPT. The 50% concentration of MCAEs were also stable against the effect of various temperatures as indicated by the presence of activity in both tests. The temperatures (40, 60 and 100 degrees C) also showed an enhanced extract activity only in the HPT. Pre-treatment with naloxone (2 and 10 mg/kg) blocked the extract activity in both tests, indicating the involvement of the opioid receptor system in MCAE antinociceptive activity. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that M. calabura leaves possess antinociceptive activity against chemically and thermally induced noxious stimuli. The bioactive compound(s) responsible for its antinociceptive activity is/are heat-stable and work partly via the opioid receptor system.
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Elhabazi K, Aboufatima R, Benharref A, Zyad A, Chait A, Dalal A. Study on the antinociceptive effects of Thymus broussonetii Boiss extracts in mice and rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 107:406-11. [PMID: 16713159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Revised: 03/12/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In Morocco, Thymus broussonetii is widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases including gastroenteric and bronchopulmonary disorders and to relieve dolorous process. The antinociceptive effect of the aqueous, butanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of this species was examined in rats and mice using chemical and thermal models. The results obtained showed that aqueous and butanolic extracts exerted an antinociceptive activity in the two phases of formalin (50-300 mg/kg), tail immersion and writhing tests. Whereas, the ethyl acetate extract reduced the nociceptive response only in the second phase of formalin (100-300 mg/kg) and writhing tests. The aqueous extract, which is the most effective, contains active analgesic principles acting both centrally and peripherally. Furthermore, this antinociceptive effect has been avoided by naloxone at a dose of 1mg/kg in the first phase of formalin and hot plate tests indicating that this extract acts partly through an opioid-mediated mechanism. The present results demonstrated that Thymus broussonetii contains active constituents which possess antinociceptive activity justifying its popular use to relieve some pains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elhabazi
- Unité d'Ecophysiologie Animale, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, BP 2390, Université Cadi Ayyad, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco.
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Weniger B, Vonthron-Sénécheau C, Kaiser M, Brun R, Anton R. Comparative antiplasmodial, leishmanicidal and antitrypanosomal activities of several biflavonoids. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 13:176-80. [PMID: 16428025 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The antiplasmodial, leishmanicidal and antitrypanosomal activities of eight natural biflavonoids were estimated in vitro on a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum, axenically grown Leishmania donovani amastigotes and Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream forms. Lanaroflavone showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (IC(50) = 0.48 microM), isoginkgetin was the most active leishmanicidal compound (IC(50) = 1.9 microM), whereas ginkgetin (IC(50) = 11 microM) and isoginkgetin (IC(50) = 13 microM) showed the best antitrypanosomal activity in our assays. The cytotoxicity and the selectivity indices for the most active compounds were also estimated. Lanaroflavone exhibited a high selectivity index value (SI = 159), indicating selective antiplasmodial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weniger
- Pharmacognosie et Biomolécules Naturelles Actives, UMR no 7081, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Hosseinzadeh H, Younesi HM. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocus sativus L. stigma and petal extracts in mice. BMC Pharmacol 2002; 2:7. [PMID: 11914135 PMCID: PMC101384 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2001] [Accepted: 03/15/2002] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crocus sativus L. (saffron) is used in folk medicine, for example as an antiedematogenic agent. We aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of saffron extracts in mice. RESULTS We used aqueous and ethanolic maceration extracts of Crocus sativus L. stigma and petals. Antinociceptive activity was examined using the hot plate and writhing tests. The effect of extracts against acute inflammation was studied using xylene induced ear edema in mice. The activity of the extracts against chronic inflammation was assessed by formalin-induced edema in the rat paw. In the hot plate tests, intraperitoneal injection of both extracts showed no significant antinociceptive activity in mice. The extracts exhibited antinociceptive activity against acetic acid induced writhing. Naloxone partially blocked only the antinociceptive activity of the stigma aqueous extract. Only the stigma extracts showed weak to moderate effect against acute inflammation. In chronic inflammation, both aqueous and ethanolic stigma extracts, as well as ethanolic petal extract, exerted anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron stigma and petal have an antinociceptive effect, as well as acute and/or chronic anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hani M Younesi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran
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Hosseinzadeh H, Ramezani M, Fadishei M, Mahmoudi M. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and acute toxicity effects of Zhumeria majdae extracts in mice and rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2002; 9:135-141. [PMID: 11995946 DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects and acute toxicity of aqueous infusion and ethanolic maceration extracts of the aerial parts of Zhumeria majdae were studied in mice and rats. Antinociceptive activity was determined using hot-plate and writhing tests. The effect of the extracts against acute inflammation was studied by acetic acid increased vascular permeability and xylene-induced ear edema in mice. The activity of the extracts against chronic inflammation was assessed using the cotton pellet test in rats. LD50 values of the infusion and maceration extracts were 3.09 g/kg body wt., and 3.94 g/kg body wt., respectively. Phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated the presence of flavonoids and tannins. In the hot-plate test, the intraperitoneal injection of both extracts showed significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in mice. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, on pretreatment inhibited the antinociceptive activity of the extracts. The extracts exhibited antinociceptive activity against acetic acid-induced writhing, which was partially blocked by naloxone. Both extracts showed significant effect against acute inflammation induced by acetic acid in mice. In the chronic inflammation test, efficacy of the extracts was similar to that of baclofen and dexamethasone in rats. It is concluded that the aqueous infusion and ethanolic maceration extract of the aerial parts of Zhumeria majdae have antinociceptive effects and this may be mediated by opioid receptors. The extracts also showed anti-inflammatory effects against acute and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, I R Iran.
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Abstract
Despite the progress that has occurred in recent years in the development of therapy, there is still a need for effective and potent analgesics, especially for the treatment of chronic pain. One of the most important analgesic drugs employed in clinical practice today continues to be the alkaloid morphine. In this review, emphasis will be given to the important contribution and the history of Papaver somniferum, Salix species, Capsicum species and Cannabis sativa in the development of new analgesics and their importance in the understanding of the complex pathways related to electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with pain transmission. Recently discovered antinociceptive substances include alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoid. Plant-derived substances have, and will certainly continue to have, a relevant place in the process of drug discovery, particularly in the development of new analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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