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Pilon R, Matos-Santos L, Matlez MP, Rodrigues G, Amorim F, Lattari E, Farinatti P, Monteiro W. Effects of Isocaloric Resistance, Aerobic, and Concurrent Exercise on Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption in Older Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:755-761. [PMID: 38513180 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pilon, R, Matos-Santos, L, Matlez, MP, Rodrigues, G, Amorim, F, Lattari, E, Farinatti, P, and Monteiro, W. Effects of isocaloric resistance, aerobic, and concurrent exercise on excess postexercise oxygen consumption in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 755-761, 2024-Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is a major determinant of exercise-related caloric expenditure and metabolic adaptations. Exercise modality may influence the EPOC, but this issue has not been investigated in older adults. This study compared the EPOC after isocaloric bouts of continuous aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), and concurrent exercise (CE) in older individuals. Ten subjects (5 men; 73 ± 6 years) had their cardiorespiratory data assessed during AE, RE, and CE and along 30-minute postexercise recovery. Total energy expenditure (EE) during exercise was similar (p > 0.05) in AE (126.0 ± 30.7 kcal), RE (123.9 ± 30.6 kcal), and CE (130.8 ± 32.6 kcal), with different times to achieve the targeted EE (RE: 61.4 ± 1.9 minutes > CE: 43.3 ± 5.6 minutes > AE: 26.6 ± 5.7 minutes; p < 0.001). Consistently, the relative intensity during exercise was superior (p < 0.05) in AE (74 ± 15% oxygen uptake reserve [VO2R]) vs. CE (43 ± 13% VO2R) vs. RE (24 ± 9% VO2R). Despite the isocaloric conditions, average EPOC and EE were approximately 45% greater (p < 0.001) in AE (8.0 ± 2.3 L; 40.1 ± 11.7 kcal) vs. RE (5.6 ± 1.2 L; 28.1 ± 5.8 kcal) and CE (5.4 ± 2.3 L; 26.9 ± 11.5 kcal). In conclusion, the EPOC was greater after isocaloric AE vs. RE and CE performed by older adults. Exercise intensity seemed to be a more important determinant of EPOC than volume reflected by EE during exercise bouts. Moderate-intensity continuous AE was more time-efficient than RE and CE to achieve a target EE. In older individuals, AE should be preferred over RE or CE when the purpose is to increase the daily caloric expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pilon
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Lenifran Matos-Santos
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Marcelle Passeri Matlez
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Felipe Amorim
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Eduardo Lattari
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
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2
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Pilon R, Farinatti P, Oliveira B, Cunha F, Lattari E, Monteiro W. Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption Following Isocaloric Bouts of Resistance and Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:24-30. [PMID: 36638413 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2136614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Albeit being a major determinant of exercise-related energy expenditure (EE), there is a lack of research on the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after different exercise modalities in older adults. This study compared the EPOC after isocaloric bouts of resistance (RE) and aerobic (AE) exercise. Methods: The EE during exercise was determined through telemetric indirect calorimetry in ten physically active participants aged 63 to 82 years (5 women, 73 ± 6 years, 70.5 ± 9.9 kg, 161 ± 8 cm). The target EE in AE corresponded to values achieved during RE, and the EPOC was assessed for 30 min in the supine position. Results: The EE during AE and RE were 126.0 ± 30.7 kcal and 123.9 ± 30.6 kcal, respectively. The time to achieve the target EE was 2.3 times shorter in AE vs. RE. The EPOC magnitude was greater after AE (7.9 ± 2.4 L, 40.1 ± 11.1 kcal) than RE (5.9 ± 1.8 L, 26.9 ± 11.5 kcal). Conclusion: Older adults showed greater EPOC after isocaloric sessions of AE vs. RE. Additionally, AE had better temporal efficiency than RE to elicit a given EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pilon
- University of Rio de Janeiro State
- Salgado de Oliveira University
| | | | - Bruno Oliveira
- University of Rio de Janeiro State
- Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
| | | | | | - Walace Monteiro
- University of Rio de Janeiro State
- Salgado de Oliveira University
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Neuendorf T, Haase R, Schroeder S, Schumann M, Nitzsche N. Effects of high-intensity interval training on functional performance and maximal oxygen uptake in comparison with moderate intensity continuous training in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:643. [PMID: 37851104 PMCID: PMC10584719 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an appropriate training modality to improve endurance and therefore contributes to physical performance. This review investigates the effect of HIIT on functional performance in cancer patients. We reviewed the relative peak oxygen uptake (relV̇O2PEAK) and meta-analytical compared HIIT with moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). Furthermore, we took various training parameters under consideration. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. For the review, we included randomized controlled trials containing HIIT with cancer patients. From this, we filtered interventions with additional MICT for the meta-analysis. Outcomes of interest were various functional performance assessments and V̇O2MAX. RESULTS The research yielded 584 records which fit the inclusion criteria, of which 31 studies with n=1555 patients (57.4±8.6 years) could be included in the overall review and 8 studies in the meta-analysis (n=268, 59.11±5.11 years) regarding relV̇O2PEAK. Different functional outcomes were found, of which walking distance (+8.63±6.91% meters in 6-min walk test) and mobility (+2.7cm in sit and reach test) improved significantly due to HIIT. In terms of relV̇O2PEAK, the performance of cancer patients was improved by HIIT (10.68±6.48%) and MICT (7.4±4.29%). HIIT can be favored to increase relV̇O2PEAK (SMD 0.37; 95% CI 0.09-0.65; I2=0%; p=0.009). Effect sizes for relV̇O2PEAK improvements correlate moderately with total training volume (Spearman's ρ=0.49; p=0.03), whereas percentage increases do not (Spearman's ρ=0.24; p=0.14). CONCLUSION Functional and physical outcomes were positively altered by different HIIT protocols and forms of implementation, whereas a tendency toward more effectiveness of HIIT vs. MICT was found for relV̇O2PEAK. Future studies should include functional parameters more often, to finally allow a comparison between both training protocols in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Neuendorf
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - R Haase
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - S Schroeder
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - M Schumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Nitzsche
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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Chung HC, Keiller DR, Swain PM, Chapman SL, Roberts JD, Gordon DA. Responsiveness to endurance training can be partly explained by the number of favorable single nucleotide polymorphisms an individual possesses. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288996. [PMID: 37471354 PMCID: PMC10358902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness is a key component of health-related fitness. It is a necessary focus of improvement, especially for those that have poor fitness and are classed as untrained. However, much research has shown individuals respond differentially to identical training programs, suggesting the involvement of a genetic component in individual exercise responses. Previous research has focused predominantly on a relatively low number of candidate genes and their overall influence on exercise responsiveness. However, examination of gene-specific alleles may provide a greater level of understanding. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and an individual's genotype following a field-based endurance program within a previously untrained population. Participants (age: 29 ± 7 years, height: 175 ± 9 cm, mass: 79 ± 21 kg, body mass index: 26 ± 7 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either a training (n = 21) or control group (n = 24). The training group completed a periodized running program for 8-weeks (duration: 20-30-minutes per session, intensity: 6-7 Borg Category-Ratio-10 scale rating, frequency: 3 sessions per week). Both groups completed a Cooper 12-minute run test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline, mid-study, and post-study. One thousand single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed via saliva sample collections. Cooper run distance showed a significant improvement (0.23 ± 0.17 km [11.51 ± 9.09%], p < 0.001, ES = 0.48 [95%CI: 0.16-0.32]), following the 8-week program, whilst controls displayed no significant changes (0.03 ± 0.15 km [1.55 ± 6.98%], p = 0.346, ES = 0.08, [95%CI: -0.35-0.95]). A significant portion of the inter-individual variation in Cooper scores could be explained by the number of positive alleles a participant possessed (r = 0.92, R2 = 0.85, p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate the relative influence of key allele variants on an individual's responsiveness to endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C. Chung
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Centre for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Don R. Keiller
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M. Swain
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun L. Chapman
- Cambridge Centre for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- HQ Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command, United Kingdom Ministry of Defence, Upavon, United Kingdom
| | - Justin D. Roberts
- Cambridge Centre for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dan A. Gordon
- Cambridge Centre for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Dabidi Roshan V, Ahmadian M, Nasiri K, Akbari A, Ghasemi M, Nasrollahi Borujeni N, Zahedmanesh F, Nabavi Chashmi SM, Imani F. Exercise-induced expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors: impact of mask modality, sex, and exercise intensity. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:319-328. [PMID: 35686871 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wearing a facemask affects physiological responses to exercise. We explored how exercising with a facemask affects the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [ACE2]) and some associated genes (angiotensin type-1 receptors [AT<inf>1</inf>R]; Mas receptor [MasR]; hypoxia-inducible factor 1α [HIF-1α]; endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS]) among healthy males and females. METHODS One hundred forty-four apparently healthy individuals (72 females; age: 30±6) were allocated to three mask groups of 48 (N95, Surgical, No Mask) with two exercise subgroups for each mask for both sexes. Participants in each experimental group performed either a submaximal (walking with no grade) or maximal (a modified Bruce Protocol) treadmill exercise test. Blood samples were collected before and after each exercise test and used to analyze the mRNA expression of the genes studied. RESULTS The post-exercise expression of genes examined were comparable between Surgical, N95, and No Mask (P>0.05). ACE2 was significantly greater in Surgical and N95 against No Mask at baseline and following moderate-intensity exercise (P<0.05). Whilst similar expressions were noted for MasR and eNOS (P>0.05), AT<inf>1</inf>R was greater in N95 than Surgical following high-intensity exercise (P<0.05). HIF-1α following either exercise intensity was significantly lower in N95 than Surgical (P<0.05). AT<inf>1</inf>R and HIF-1α were similar between Surgical and N95 against No Mask (P>0.05). ACE2 and AT<inf>1</inf>R were significantly higher in either mask modality than No Mask in males at baseline and postexercise (P<0.05). HIF-1α, MasR, and eNOS expressions were comparable between all mask groups in either sex (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that wearing a facemask does not differentiate the gene expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor following exercise among both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Dabidi Roshan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran - .,Athletic Performance and Health Research Center, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran -
| | - Mehdi Ahmadian
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Khadijeh Nasiri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghasemi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | - Foruzan Zahedmanesh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Seyedeh M Nabavi Chashmi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Fattaneh Imani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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6
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Vehrs PR, Tafuna’i ND, Fellingham GW. Bayesian Analysis of the HR-VO 2 Relationship during Cycling and Running in Males and Females. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416914. [PMID: 36554797 PMCID: PMC9779181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Professional organizations advise prescribing intensity of aerobic exercise using heart rate reserve (%HRR) which is presumed to have a 1:1 relationship with either maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2max) or %VO2 reserve (%VO2R). Even though running and cycling are popular modes of training, these relationships have not been investigated in a group of males and females during both running and cycling. This study evaluated the %HRR-%VO2max and %HRR-%VO2R relationships in 41 college-aged males (n = 21) and females (n = 20) during treadmill running and cycling. Heart rate (HR) and VO2 data were collected at rest and during maximal exercise tests on a treadmill and cycle ergometer. The HR and VO2 data were analyzed using a Bayesian approach. Both the %HRR-%VO2max and %HRR-%VO2R relationships did not coincide with the line of identity in males and females in both treadmill running and cycling. %HRR was closer to %VO2max than to %VO2R. There were no significant differences in the intercepts of the %HRR-%VO2max and %HRR-%VO2R relationships between males and females during running or cycling, or between running and cycling in males or females. The credible intervals of the intercepts and slopes suggest interindividual variability in the HR-VO2 relationship that would yield significant error in the prescription of intensity of aerobic exercise for an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat R. Vehrs
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Nicole D. Tafuna’i
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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7
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Marini CF, Sisti D, Skinner JS, Sarzynski MA, Bouchard C, Amatori S, Rocchi MBL, Piccoli G, Stocchi V, Federici A, Lucertini F. Effect of individual characteristics and aerobic training on the %HRR-% V˙O 2R relationship. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35960537 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess if, during incremental exercise, considering individual characteristics can make the relationship between the percentages of heart rate (HRR) and oxygen uptake (VO2R) reserve either 1:1 or more accurate. Cycle ergometer data of the maximal incremental exercise tests performed by 450 healthy and sedentary participants (17-66 years) of the HERITAGE Family Study, grouped for sex, ethnicity, age, body fat, resting HR, and VO2max, were used to calculate the individual linear regressions between %HRR and %VO2R. The mean slope and intercept of the individual linear regressions of each subgroup were compared with 1 and 0 (identity line), respectively, using Hotelling tests followed by post-hoc one-sample t-tests. Two multiple linear regressions were also performed, using either the slopes or intercepts of the individual linear regressions as dependent variables and sex, age, resting HR, and VO2max as independent variables. The mean %HRR-%VO2R relationships of all subgroups differed from the identity line. Moreover, individual linear regression intercepts (8.9±16.0) and slopes (0.971±0.190) changed (p<0.001) after 20 weeks of aerobic training (13.1±11.1 and 0.891±0.122). The multiple linear regressions could explain only 3.8% and 1.3% of the variance in the intercepts and slopes, whose variability remained high (standard error of estimate of 15.8 and 0.189). In conclusion, the %HRR-%VO2R relationship differs from the identity line regardless of individual characteristics and their difference increased after aerobic training. Moreover, due to the high interindividual variability, using a single equation for the whole population seems not suitable for representing the %HRR-%VO2R relationship of a given subject, even when several individual characteristics are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Unit of Biostatistics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - James S Skinner
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington (IN), USA
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (SC), USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge (LA), USA
| | - Stefano Amatori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Unit of Biostatistics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco B L Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Unit of Biostatistics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Human Sciences for the Promotion of Quality of Life, University San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Ario Federici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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8
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Valenzuela PL, Mateo-March M, Muriel X, Zabala M, Lucia A, Barranco-Gil D, Millet GP, Brocherie F, Burtscher J, Burtscher M, Ryan BJ, Gioscia-Ryan RA, Perrey S, Rodrigo-Carranza V, González-Mohíno F, González-Ravé JM, Santos-Concejero J, Denadai BS, Greco CC, Casado A, Foster C, Mazzolari R, Baldrighi GN, Pastorio E, Malatesta D, Patoz A, Borrani F, Ives SJ, DeBlauw JA, Dantas de Lucas R, Borszcz FK, Fernandes Nascimento EM, Antonacci Guglielmo LG, Turnes T, Jaspers RT, van der Zwaard S, Lepers R, Louis J, Meireles A, de Souza HLR, de Oliveira GT, dos Santos MP, Arriel RA, Marocolo M, Hunter B, Meyler S, Muniz-Pumares D, Ferreira RM, Sogard AS, Carter SJ, Mickleborough TD, Saborosa GP, de Oliveira Freitas RD, Alves dos Santos PS, de Souza Ferreira JP, de Assis Manoel F, da Silva SF, Triska C, Karsten B, Sanders D, Lipksi ES, Spindler DJ, Hesselink MKC, Zacca R, Goethel MF, Pyne DB, Wood BM, Allen PE, Gabelhausen JL, Keller AM, Lige MT, Oumsang AS, Smart GL, Paris HL, Dewolf AH, Toffoli G, Martinez-Gonzalez B, Marcora SM, Terson de Paleville D, Fernandes RJ, Soares SM, Abraldes JA, Matta G, Bossi AH, McCarthy DG, Bostad W, Gibala J, Vagula M. Commentaries on Viewpoint: Using V̇o 2max as a marker of training status in athletes - can we do better? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:148-164. [PMID: 35819399 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00224.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Actividad física y Salud (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Mateo-March
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Sport Science Department. Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Xabier Muriel
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mikel Zabala
- Department of Physical Education & Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Grupo de Investigación en Actividad física y Salud (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franck Brocherie
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin J Ryan
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | | | - Stephane Perrey
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Fernando González-Mohíno
- Sport Training Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jordan Santos-Concejero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Benedito S Denadai
- Human Performance Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Camila C Greco
- Human Performance Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Arturo Casado
- Center for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carl Foster
- University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Raffaele Mazzolari
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Nicole Baldrighi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences − Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Pastorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Patoz
- Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J Ives
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Justin A DeBlauw
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Tiago Turnes
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan van der Zwaard
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Romuald Lepers
- INSERM UMR1093 CAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Louis
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anderson Meireles
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Hiago L. R. de Souza
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Géssyca T de Oliveira
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P dos Santos
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Rhaí A Arriel
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - B Hunter
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - S Meyler
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - D Muniz-Pumares
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Renato M Ferreira
- Aquatic Activities Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Abigail S Sogard
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Stephen J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Timothy D Mickleborough
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Guilherme Pereira Saborosa
- Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Raphael Dinalli de Oliveira Freitas
- Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Paula Souza Alves dos Santos
- Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - João Pedro de Souza Ferreira
- Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Fernandes da Silva
- Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Christoph Triska
- Institute of Sport Science, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Leistungssport Austria, Brunn am Gebirge, Austria
| | - Bettina Karsten
- European University of Applied Sciences (EUFH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dajo Sanders
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elliot S Lipksi
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David J Spindler
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K. C. Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Zacca
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcio Fagundes Goethel
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Bruce Pyne
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Brayden M Wood
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California
| | - Peyton E Allen
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California
| | - Jaden L Gabelhausen
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California
| | - Alexandra M Keller
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California
| | - Mast T Lige
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California
| | - Alicia S Oumsang
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California
| | - Greg L Smart
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California
| | - Arthur H Dewolf
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biomechanics of Human Locomotion, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Toffoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Samuele M Marcora
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Ricardo J Fernandes
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana M Soares
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J. Arturo Abraldes
- Research Group MS&SPORT, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Guilherme Matta
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Social Sciences, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Henrique Bossi
- MeFit Prehabilitation Service, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham, United Kingdom
| | - D G McCarthy
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Bostad
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Mukaino M, Ogasawara T, Matsuura H, Aoshima Y, Suzuki T, Furuzawa S, Yamaguchi M, Nakashima H, Saitoh E, Tsukada S, Otaka Y. Validity of trunk acceleration measurement with a chest-worn monitor for assessment of physical activity intensity. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:104. [PMID: 35689292 PMCID: PMC9185863 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent advancements in wearable technology have enabled easy measurement of daily activities, potentially applicable in rehabilitation practice for various purposes such as maintaining and increasing patients’ activity levels. In this study, we aimed to examine the validity of trunk acceleration measurement using a chest monitor embedded in a smart clothing system (‘hitoe’ system), an emerging wearable system, in assessing the physical activity in an experimental setting with healthy subjects (Study 1) and in a clinical setting with post-stroke patients (Study 2). Methods Study 1 involved the participation of 14 healthy individuals. The trunk acceleration, heart rate (HR), and oxygen consumption were simultaneously measured during treadmill testing with a Bruce protocol. Trunk acceleration and HR were measured using the "hitoe" system, a smart clothing system with embedded chest sensors. Expiratory gas analysis was performed to measure oxygen consumption. Three parameters, moving average (MA), moving standard deviation (MSD), and moving root mean square (RMS), were calculated from the norm of the trunk acceleration. The relationships between these accelerometer-based parameters and oxygen consumption-based physical activity intensity measured with the percent VO2 reserve (%VO2R) were examined. In Study 2, 48 h of simultaneous measurement of trunk acceleration and heart rate-based physical activity intensity in terms of percent heart rate reserve (%HRR) was conducted with the "hitoe" system in 136 post-stroke patients. Results The values of MA, MSD, RMS, and %VO2R were significantly different between levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the Bruce protocol (P < 0.01). The average coefficients of determination for individual regression for %VO2R versus MA, %VO2R versus MSD, and %VO2R versus RMS were 0.89 ± 0.05, 0.96 ± 0.03, and 0.91 ± 0.05, respectively. Among the parameters examined, MSD showed the best correlation with %VO2R, indicating high validity of the parameter for assessing physical activity intensity. The 48-h measurement of MSD and %HRR in post-stroke patients showed significant within-individual correlation (P < 0.05) in 131 out of 136 patients (correlation coefficient: 0.60 ± 0.16). Conclusions The results support the validity of the MSD calculated from the trunk acceleration measured with a smart clothing system in assessing the physical activity intensity. Trial registration: UMIN000034967. Registered 21 November 2018 (retrospectively registered). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-022-00492-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Mukaino
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ogasawara
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Bio-Medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsuura
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokuso Hospital, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Aoshima
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shotaro Furuzawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masumi Yamaguchi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Bio-Medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Bio-Medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiichi Saitoh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shingo Tsukada
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Bio-Medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Otaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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10
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Comparative Analysis of Cardiorespiratory Parameters of Basketball and Soccer Players Using Principal Component Analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.4028/p-840n5x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical technique used to identify variations in multivariate data obtained during the performance of the maximum ergospirometry test (MET). To use the PCA to compare the coefficients of change of the principal component (PC1) using the eigenvalue and the maximum values of the cardiorespiratory variables obtained in the athletes' in MET. 10 soccer players and 10 basketball players, all male, were evaluated. The PCA analyzed the values of the variables during the performance of the MET. The PC1 for each variable was calculated, and the eigenvalue was generated, representing the coefficients of variation of the PC1 of all variables. In the quantitative assessment (maximum values), a higher VO2max (3.93±0.62 vs. 3.41±0.37 l·min-1) was observed in basketball players compared to soccer players (p<0.05). The qualitative evaluation using PC1 of cardiorespiratory parameters (heart rate, minute volume, O2 consumption, CO2 production, expired fraction of O2 and expired fraction CO2) was observed as an eigenvalue (6.50±0.27 vs. 6.22±0.19) high for basketball players compared to soccer players (p<0.05). It is concluded that the basketball players showed more significant variability in their cardiorespiratory variables during the performance of the MET and higher VO2max at the end of the MET. These findings indicate that basketball players were less efficient in buffering the ventilatory acidosis observed during the MET. The results of this study highlight the importance of making complex assessments of the cardiorespiratory system, providing qualitative information to complement the quantitative data.
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11
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Dun Y, Hammer SM, Smith JR, MacGillivray MC, Simmons BS, Squires RW, Liu S, Olson TP. Cardiorespiratory Responses During High-Intensity Interval Training Prescribed by Rating of Perceived Exertion in Patients After Myocardial Infarction Enrolled in Early Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:772815. [PMID: 35071350 PMCID: PMC8767110 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.772815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to determine the cardiorespiratory responses during, and adaptations to, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) prescribed using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) during early outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods: We prospectively recruited 29 MI patients after percutaneous coronary intervention who began CR within 2 weeks after hospital discharge. Eleven patients (seven men; four women; age: 61 ± 11 yrs) who completed ≥24 supervised HIIT sessions with metabolic gas exchange measured during HIIT once weekly for 8 weeks and performed pre- and post- CR cardiopulmonary exercise tests were included in the study. Each HIIT session consisted of 5–8 high-intensity intervals [HIIs, 1-min RPE 14–17 (Borg 6–20 scale)] and low-intensity intervals (LIIs, 4-min RPE < 12). Metabolic gas exchange, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure during HIIT were measured. Results: The mean oxygen uptake (V˙O2) during HIIs across 88 sessions of HIITs [91 (14)% of V˙O2peak, median (interquartile range, IQR)] was significantly higher than the lower limit of target V˙O2 zone (75% of V˙O2peak) recommended for the HII (p < 0.001). Exercise intensity during RPE-prescribed HIITs, determined as %V˙O2peak, was highly repeatable with intra-class correlations of 0.95 (95% CI 0.86– 0.99, p < 0.001). For cardiorespiratory adaptations from the first to the last session of HIIT, treadmill speed, treadmill grade, treadmill power, V˙O2HII, %V˙O2peak, and VE during HIIs were increased (all p < 0.05), while no difference was found for HR, %HRpeak and systolic blood pressure (all p > 0.05). V˙O2peak increased by an average of 9% from pre-CR to post-CR. No adverse events occurred. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that HIIT can be effectively prescribed using RPE in MI patients during early outpatient CR. Participation in RPE-prescribed HIIT increases exercise workload and V˙O2 during exercise training without increased perception of effort or excessive increases in heart rate or blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoshan Dun
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shane M. Hammer
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Joshua R. Smith
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mary C. MacGillivray
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Simmons
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ray W. Squires
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Thomas P. Olson
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas P. Olson
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12
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Assessment of Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Ski Mountaineering: A Laboratory-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137002. [PMID: 34208925 PMCID: PMC8297253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the agreement in maximum oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) between a running protocol and a ski mountaineering (SKIMO) protocol. Eighteen (eleven males, seven females) ski mountaineers (age: 25 ± 3 years) participated in the study. V˙O2max, maximum heart rate (HRmax), and maximum blood lactate concentration (BLAmax) were determined in an incremental uphill running test and an incremental SKIMO-equipment-specific test. V˙O2max did not differ between the SKIMO and uphill running protocols (p = 0.927; mean difference -0.07 ± 3.3 mL/min/kg), nor did HRmax (p = 0.587, mean difference -0.7 ± 5.1 bpm). A significant correlation was found between V˙O2max SKIMO and V˙O2max running (p ≤ 0.001; ICC = 0.862 (95% CI: 0.670-0.946)). The coefficient of variation was 4.4% (95% CI: 3.3-6.5). BLAmax was significantly lower for SKIMO compared to running (12.0 ± 14.1%; p = 0.002). This study demonstrates that V˙O2max determined with a traditional uphill running protocol demonstrates good agreement with an equipment-specific SKIMO protocol.
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13
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Surapongchai J, Saengsirisuwan V, Rollo I, Randell RK, Nithitsuttibuta K, Sainiyom P, Leow CHW, Lee JKW. Hydration Status, Fluid Intake, Sweat Rate, and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Recreational Tropical Native Runners. Nutrients 2021; 13:1374. [PMID: 33923890 PMCID: PMC8072971 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate hydration status, fluid intake, sweat rate, and sweat sodium concentration in recreational tropical native runners. METHODS A total of 102 males and 64 females participated in this study. Participants ran at their self-selected pace for 30-100 min. Age, environmental conditions, running profiles, sweat rates, and sweat sodium data were recorded. Differences in age, running duration, distance and pace, and physiological changes between sexes were analysed. A p-value cut-off of 0.05 depicted statistical significance. RESULTS Males had lower relative fluid intake (6 ± 6 vs. 8 ± 7 mL·kg-1·h-1, p < 0.05) and greater relative fluid balance deficit (-13 ± 8 mL·kg-1·h-1 vs. -8 ± 7 mL·kg-1·h-1, p < 0.05) than females. Males had higher whole-body sweat rates (1.3 ± 0.5 L·h-1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3 L·h-1, p < 0.05) than females. Mean rates of sweat sodium loss (54 ± 27 vs. 39 ± 22 mmol·h-1) were higher in males than females (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The sweat profile and composition in tropical native runners are similar to reported values in the literature. The current fluid replacement guidelines pertaining to volume and electrolyte replacement are applicable to tropical native runners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitoon Saengsirisuwan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.S.); (K.N.); (P.S.)
| | - Ian Rollo
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo Life Sciences, Global R&D, Leicestershire LE4 1ET, UK; (I.R.); (R.K.R.)
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Rebecca K. Randell
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo Life Sciences, Global R&D, Leicestershire LE4 1ET, UK; (I.R.); (R.K.R.)
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Kanpiraya Nithitsuttibuta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.S.); (K.N.); (P.S.)
| | - Patarawadee Sainiyom
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.S.); (K.N.); (P.S.)
| | - Clarence Hong Wei Leow
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119283, Singapore; (C.H.W.L.); (J.K.W.L.)
| | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119283, Singapore; (C.H.W.L.); (J.K.W.L.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Global Asia Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119076, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore
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14
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Wang A, Gao Y, Wang J, Tong TK, Sun Y, Yu S, Zhao H, Zou D, Zhang Z, Qi Y, Zuo N, Bu D, Zhang D, Xie Y, Baker JS. Effects of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Obesity and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adolescents With Intellectual Disability: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e25838. [PMID: 33749611 PMCID: PMC8088867 DOI: 10.2196/25838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity accompanied by lower levels of health-related physical fitness (HRPF) is a major threat to public health both internationally and locally. Children with intellectual disability, especially adolescents, have a higher risk of being overweight/obese and having poor HRPF levels. Therefore, more interventions are needed to help this population attain their optimal health levels. However, there has been relatively limited research on this population compared with on their typically developing peers. OBJECTIVE The proposed study aims to fill this knowledge gap by developing and examining the success of a physical activity (PA) intervention for the target population. METHODS The proposed study will be a 12-week, school-based randomized controlled trial. The participants (N=48) will be recruited from special schools for students with mild intellectual disability and then randomly allocated to either the intervention group (IG) or the wait-list control group (CG). During the intervention period, the participants in the IG will receive a fun game-based moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) training program (2 sessions/week, 60 minutes/session, for a total of 24 sessions). The intensity of the activities will increase in a progressive manner. Participants in the CG will receive no program during the study period, but the same PA program will be provided to them after the completion of the study. To observe and evaluate the sustaining effects of the intervention, follow-up testing will be scheduled for the participants 12 weeks after the intervention concludes. The study outcomes will include primary outcomes (obesity- and fitness-related outcomes) and a secondary outcome (blood pressure). All of the measurements will be taken at 3 time points. After the follow-up tests, the same PA training program will be provided to the participants in the CG. RESULTS This study is ongoing. The participants were recruited from October 2020 to November 2020. The total duration of the study is 13 months. Study results are expected at the end of 2021. CONCLUSIONS The proposed study is expected to reduce obesity and improve HRPF levels in children with intellectual disability. If proven effective, the intervention will be made accessible to more special schools and mainstream schools with students with intellectual disability. Furthermore, the study can serve as an example for international researchers, policy makers, and members of the public who are seeking to tackle the problem of obesity and poor HRPF among children with intellectual disability. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04554355; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04554355. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/25838.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwei Wang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Mass Sports Research Center, Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Tomas K Tong
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyue Yu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Qianjiang Special Education School, Qianjiang, China
| | - Daozhi Zou
- Qianjiang Special Education School, Qianjiang, China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- Zhijiang Special Education School, Zhijiang, China
| | - Yuling Qi
- Dangyang Special Education School, Dangyang, China
| | - Nan Zuo
- Yingshan Special Education School, Yingshan, China
| | - Danran Bu
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,HuBei Institute of Sport Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Dexing Zhang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaojie Xie
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Ferri Marini C, Sisti D, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Sarzynski MA, Bouchard C, Rocchi MBL, Piccoli G, Stocchi V, Federici A, Lucertini F. HRR and V˙O2R Fractions Are Not Equivalent: Is It Time to Rethink Aerobic Exercise Prescription Methods? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:174-182. [PMID: 32694364 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to current guidelines, the intensity of health-enhancing aerobic exercise should be prescribed using a percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR), which is considered to be more closely associated (showing a 1:1 relation) with the percentage of oxygen uptake reserve (%V˙O2R) rather than with the percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (%V˙O2max) during incremental exercise. However, the associations between %HRR and %V˙O2R and between %HRR and %V˙O2max are under debate; hence, their actual relationships were investigated in this study. METHODS Data from each stage of a maximal incremental exercise test performed by 737 healthy and physically inactive participants of the HERITAGE Family Study were screened and filtered then used to calculate the individual linear regressions between %HRR and either %V˙O2R or %V˙O2max. For each relationship, the mean slope and intercept of the individual linear regression were compared with 1 and 0 (i.e., the identity line), respectively, using one-sample t-tests. The individual root mean square errors of the actual versus the 1:1 predicted %HRR were calculated for both relationships and compared using a paired-sample t-test. RESULTS The mean slopes (%HRR-%V˙O2R, 0.972 ± 0.189; %HRR-%V˙O2max, 1.096 ± 0.216) and intercepts (%HRR-%V˙O2R, 8.855 ± 16.022; %HRR-%V˙O2max, -3.616 ± 18.993) of both relationships were significantly different from 1 and 0, respectively, with high interindividual variability. The average root mean square errors were high and revealed that the %HRR-%V˙O2max relationship was more similar to the identity line (P < 0.001) than the %HRR-%V˙O2R relationship (7.78% ± 4.49% vs 9.25% ± 5.54%). CONCLUSIONS Because both relationships are different from the identity line and using a single equation may not be appropriate to predict exercise intensity at the individual level, a rethinking of the relationships between the intensity variables may be necessary to ensure that the most suitable health-enhancing aerobic exercise intensity is prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, ITALY
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Unit of Biostatistics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, ITALY
| | - Arthur S Leon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - James S Skinner
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Marco B L Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Unit of Biostatistics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, ITALY
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, ITALY
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, ITALY
| | - Ario Federici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, ITALY
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, ITALY
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Silva SC, Monteiro WD, Cunha FA, Farinatti P. Influence of Different Treadmill Inclinations on V̇o2max and Ventilatory Thresholds During Maximal Ramp Protocols. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:233-239. [PMID: 29933356 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Silva, SC, Monteiro, WD, Cunha, FA, and Farinatti, P. Influence of different treadmill inclinations on V̇o2max and ventilatory thresholds during maximal ramp protocols. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 233-239, 2021-Ramp protocols for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) lack precise recommendations, including optimal treadmill inclination. This study investigated the impact of treadmill grades applied in ramp CPETs on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max), ventilatory thresholds (VT1/VT2), and V̇o2 vs. workload relationship. Twenty-one healthy men (age 33 ± 8 years; height 176.6 ± 5.8 cm; body mass 80.4 ± 8.7 kg; and V̇o2max 44.9 ± 5.7 ml·kg-1·min-1) and 12 women (age 29 ± 7 years; height 163.3 ± 6.7 cm; body mass 56.6 ± 6.3 kg; and V̇o2max 39.4 ± 4.9 ml·kg-1·min-1) underwent ramp CPETs with similar speed increments and different treadmill grades: CPET0%, CPET2%, CPET3.5%, and CPET5.5%. The V̇o2max was similar across protocols (42.8-43.2 ml·kg-1·min-1, p = 0.76), albeit duration of CPETs shortened when treadmill inclination increased (CPET0% 12.7 minutes; CPET2% 9.1 minutes; CPET3.5% 8.0 minutes; and CPET5.5% 6.6 minutes; p < 0.01). The %V̇o2max corresponding to VT1 was slightly lower in CPET0% (63.6%) and higher in CPET5.5% (75.8%) vs. CPET2% (67.8%) and CPET3.5% (69.5%; p < 0.05), whereas VT2 was not affected by treadmill inclination (95.1-95.8% V̇o2max; p > 0.05). V̇o2max and ventilatory thresholds were similar in CPETs performed with different treadmill inclinations and similar initial/final speeds. However, linear regressions between workload and V̇o2 were closer to the identity line in CPETs performed with smaller (CPET0% and CPET2%) than with greater (CPET3.5% and CPET5.5%) inclinations. These data suggest that in healthy young adults, ramp CPETs performed with inclinations of 0-2% degree should be preferred over protocols with greater inclinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney C Silva
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walace D Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; and
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Güler Ö, Aras D, Akça F, Bianco A, Lavanco G, Paoli A, Şahin FN. Effects of Aerobic and Anaerobic Fatigue Exercises on Postural Control and Recovery Time in Female Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176273. [PMID: 32872251 PMCID: PMC7503876 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen female soccer players (age = 20.19 ± 1.52 years; body mass = 56.52 ± 4.95 kg; body height = 164.81 ± 4.21 cm) with no history of lower extremity injury participated in the study. The Biodex SD Balance system was used to determine the non-dominant single-leg stability. In anaerobic exercise, each subject performed four maximal cycling efforts against a resistance equivalent to 0.075 kg/body mass for 30 s with three-minute rest intervals. In aerobic exercise, subjects performed the Bruce protocol on a motorized treadmill. After each exercise, subjects subsequently performed a single-leg stability test and then repeated the same test for four times with five-minute passive rest periods. In accordance with the results, it was found that the impairment observed right after the aerobic loading was higher (p < 0.001) compared to the anaerobic one. However, the time-related deterioration in both aerobic and anaerobic loadings was similar. The B-pre value was lower than Bpost and B5 (p < 0.01) and B10 (p < 0.05) in both conditions. Subjects could reach the initial balance level at B15 after aerobic and anaerobic loadings. The lactate level did not reach resting value even after 20 min of both fatigue protocols. Although the fatigue after aerobic and aerobic exercise negatively affects a single-leg dynamic balance level, single leg balance ability returns to the baseline status after 10 min of passive recovery duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özkan Güler
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (Ö.G.); (D.A.); (F.A.); (F.N.Ş.)
| | - Dicle Aras
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (Ö.G.); (D.A.); (F.A.); (F.N.Ş.)
| | - Fırat Akça
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (Ö.G.); (D.A.); (F.A.); (F.N.Ş.)
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-23896910
| | - Gioacchino Lavanco
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Fatma Neşe Şahin
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (Ö.G.); (D.A.); (F.A.); (F.N.Ş.)
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Ferri Marini C, Correale L, Carnevale Pellino V, Federici A, Vandoni M, Lucertini F. Assessing Maximal Oxygen Uptake: Creating Personalized Incremental Exercise Protocols Simply and Quickly. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Matsuura H, Mukaino M, Otaka Y, Kagaya H, Aoshima Y, Suzuki T, Inukai A, Hattori E, Ogasawara T, Saitoh E. Validity of simplified, calibration-less exercise intensity measurement using resting heart rate during sleep: a method-comparison study with respiratory gas analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2019; 11:27. [PMID: 31700643 PMCID: PMC6827176 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The recent development of wearable devices has enabled easy and continuous measurement of heart rate (HR). Exercise intensity can be calculated from HR with indices such as percent HR reserve (%HRR); however, this requires an accurate measurement of resting HR, which can be time-consuming. The use of HR during sleep may be a substitute that considers the calibration-less measurement of %HRR. This study examined the validity of %HRR on resting HR during sleep in comparison to percent oxygen consumption reserve (%VO2R) as a gold standard. Additionally, a 24/7%HRR measurement using this method is demonstrated. Methods Twelve healthy adults aged 29 ± 5 years underwent treadmill testing using the Bruce protocol and a 6-min walk test (6MWT). The %VO2R during each test was calculated according to a standard protocol. The %HRR during each exercise test was calculated either from resting HR in a sitting position (%HRRsitting), when lying awake (%HRRlying), or during sleep (%HRRsleeping). Differences between %VO2R and %HRR values were examined using Bland-Altman plots. A 180-day, 24/7%HRR measurement with three healthy adults was also conducted. The %HRR values during working days and holidays were compared. Results In the treadmill testing, the mean difference between %VO2R and %HRRsleeping was 1.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], − 0.2 to 3.6%). The %HRRsitting and %HRRlying values were 10.8% (95% CI, 8.8 to 12.7%) and 7.7% (95% CI, 5.4 to 9.9%), respectively. In the 6MWT, mean differences between %VO2R and %HRRsitting, %HRRlying and %HRRsleeping were 12.7% (95% CI, 10.0 to 15.5%), 7.0% (95% CI, 4.0 to 10.0%) and − 2.9% (95% CI, − 5.0% to − 0.7%), respectively. The 180-day, 24/7%HRR measurement presented significant differences in %HRR patterns between working days and holidays in all three participants. Conclusions The results suggest %HRRsleeping is valid in comparison to %VO2R. The results may encourage a calibration-less, 24/7 measurement model of exercise intensity using wearable devices. Trial registration UMIN000034967. Registered 21 November 2018 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Matsuura
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mukaino
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yohei Otaka
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kagaya
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasushi Aoshima
- 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ayaka Inukai
- 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Emi Hattori
- 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogasawara
- 3NTT Device Innovation Center, NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Eiichi Saitoh
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Prediction of maximum oxygen uptake through incremental exercise testing using ventilometry: a cross-sectional study. Braz J Phys Ther 2019; 24:365-372. [PMID: 31375458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is the main tool assessing cardiorespiratory fitness. However, cardiopulmonary exercise testing devices are expensive and often cannot be used. OBJECTIVE The present study sought to develop cardiopulmonary exercise testing equations for estimating maximum oxygen uptake from ergometric testing combined with ventilometry. METHODS 181 volunteers of both sexes were submitted to cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmill using an incremental protocol. Volunteers were randomized into two groups: regression group: composed of 68 women with age 24.7±6.0 years and 54 men aged 21.5±3.9 years; and a cross-validation group composed of 29 women with mean age of 23.8±4.7 years and 30 men with a mean age of 23.1±4.4 years. The estimating equations were developed using multiple stepwise linear regressions; comparison of means was done using a t test and reliability assessed by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS 8 independent variables exhibited a significant result for estimating VO2max: minute ventilation (E) at second ventilatory threshold (VT-II): (E _VT-II); heart rate at VT-II (HR_VT-II); body mass (BM); body mass index (BMI); fat percentage (F%); age; sex; velocity at VT-II (Vel_VT-II); test time of VT-II (T_VT-II) and final test velocity (Velfinal). Two equations presented more accurate results; for active subjects: Equation2 = 33.08 + 2.41*(Velfinal) - 0.32*(F%) + 0.40*(VE_VT-II) - 0.26*(BM) - 0.09*(HR_VT-II); for sedentary subjects: Equation3 for = 54.65 + 1.37*(T_VT-II) + 8.24*(sex) - 1.26*(BMI) + 0.37*(VE_VT-II) - 0.12*(HR_VT-II). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that the use of parameters collected during maximal ergometric test combined with ventilometry, improved the accuracy of equations for estimating maximum oxygen uptake.
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Bernardes WL, Montenegro RA, Monteiro WD, de Almeida Freire R, Massaferri R, Farinatti P. Optimizing a Treadmill Ramp Protocol to Evaluate Aerobic Capacity of Hemiparetic Poststroke Patients. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:876-884. [PMID: 29466277 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bernardes, WL, Montenegro, RA, Monteiro, WD, de Almeida Freire, R, Massaferri, R, and Farinatti, P. Optimizing a treadmill ramp protocol to evaluate aerobic capacity of hemiparetic poststroke patients. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 876-884, 2018-A correct assessment of cardiopulmonary capacity is important for aerobic training within motor rehabilitation of poststroke hemiparetic patients (PSHPs). However, specific cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for these patients are scarce. We proposed adaptations in a protocol originally developed for PSHPs by Ovando et al. (CPET1). We hypothesized that our adapted protocol (CPET2) would improve the original test, by preventing early fatigue and increasing patients' peak performance. Eleven PSHPs (52 ± 14 years, 10 men) performed both protocols. CPET2 integrated changes in final speed (100-120% vs. 140% maximal speed in 10-m walking test), treadmill inclination (final inclination of 5 vs. 10%), and estimated test duration (10 vs. 8 minutes) to smooth the rate of workload increment of CPET1. Peak oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak) (20.3 ± 6.1 vs. 18.6 ± 5.0 ml·kg·min; p = 0.04), V[Combining Dot Above]O2 at gas exchange transition (V[Combining Dot Above]O2-GET) (11.5 ± 2.9 vs. 9.8 ± 2.0 ml·kg·min; p = 0.04), and time to exhaustion (10 ± 3 vs. 6 ± 2 minutes; p < 0.001) were higher in CPET2 than in CPET1. Slopes and intercepts of regressions describing relationships between V[Combining Dot Above]O2 vs. workload, heart rate vs. workload, and V[Combining Dot Above]O2 vs. heart rate were similar between CPETs. However, standard errors of estimates obtained for regressions between heart rate vs. workload (3.0 ± 1.3 vs. 3.8 ± 1.0 b·min; p = 0.004) and V[Combining Dot Above]O2 vs. heart rate (6.0 ± 2.1 vs. 4.8 ± 2.4 ml·kg·min; p = 0.05) were lower in CPET2 than in CPET1. In conclusion, the present adaptations in Ovando's CPET protocol increased exercise tolerance of PSHPs, eliciting higher V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak and V[Combining Dot Above]O2-GET, preventing earlier fatigue, and providing better physiological relationships along submaximal workloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell L Bernardes
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Montenegro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walace D Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raul de Almeida Freire
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Massaferri
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Salazar-Martínez E, Santalla A, Orellana JN, Strobl J, Burtscher M, Menz V. Influence of high-intensity interval training on ventilatory efficiency in trained athletes. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 250:19-23. [PMID: 29408567 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 3 weeks high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2 slope) in endurance athletes. Sixteen male well-trained (67.72 ml kg min-1) athletes participated in this study. Each participant performed an incremental exercise test with gas analysis (i.e. VE, VO2) and a 400 m running field test (T400m) before and after the 3 weeks intervention period. HIIT group (HIITG) performed 11 HIIT sessions consisting of four 4-min interval bouts at an exercise intensity of 90-95% of the VO2max, separated by 4-min active recovery periods (work/rest ratio = 1:1). No significant differences were found in the parameters studied. Ventilatory efficiency (up to VT2 and up to exhaustion) did not show any change in HIITG after training intervention (ES = 0.24 HIITG; ES = 0.21 CG). No significant changes were observed on ventilation (VEmax; ES = 0.38). VO2max and T400 m did not show a significant improvement after the training period (no interaction time × group, p < .05) (ES = 0.43 and ES = 0.75 respectively). These results do not support the hypothesis that 3 weeks of HIIT could modify the ventilatory efficiency response in well-trained athletes. Furthermore, they show the lack of relationship between ventilatory efficiency and sport performance.
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Araujo MP, Nóbrega ACL, Espinosa G, Hausen MR, Castro RRT, Soares PP, Gurgel JL. Proposal of a New Specific Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test for Taekwondo Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1525-1535. [PMID: 28538301 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the cardiorespiratory variables of Taekwondo athletes while performing incremental exercise test on an ergometer using a ramp protocol and to propose a specific protocol for assessing these physiological variables during Taekwondo practice. Fourteen athletes participated in 2 incremental exercise tests: a treadmill exercise test (TREADtest) and a Taekwondo-specific exercise test (TKDtest). The TKDtest consists in 1-minute stages of kicks with an incremental load between then. The subjects perform kicks each time a sound signal was heard. Heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2), and their reserve correspondents (V[Combining Dot Above]O2R and reserve heart rate [HRR]) were divided into quartiles to verify their kinetics along the tests. Significant difference between 2 tests was found only for V[Combining Dot Above]O2R (p = 0.03). Regarding the quartiles, significant differences were found for HR in the first (p = 0.030) and second (p = 0.003). Analyzing the regression curves, significant differences were found for HR for intercept (p = 0.01) and slope (p = 0.05) and HRR for slope (p = 0.02). Analysis showed that significant reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), was found for the V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak (ICC = 0.855, p = 0.003), V[Combining Dot Above]O2 in ventilatory thresholds 1 (ICC = 0.709, p = 0.03) and 2 (ICC = 0.848, p = 0.003). Bland-Altman analyses reported a mean difference ± the 95% limits of agreement of 2.2 ± 8.4 ml·kg·min to V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak. The TKDtest is reliable for measurement of cardiorespiratory variables, and the behavior of these variables differs mainly from TREADtest, probably because of the motor task performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus P Araujo
- 1Graduate Program on Cardiovascular Sciences, Medical Science Center, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2Biomechanics Research Group (GPBIO), Physical Education Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and 3Biological and Health Science College, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
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Guimarães GC, Farinatti PTV, Midgley AW, Vasconcellos F, Vigário P, Cunha FA. Relationship Between Percentages of Heart Rate Reserve and Oxygen Uptake Reserve During Cycling and Running: A Validation Study. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 33:1954-1962. [PMID: 28658083 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Guimarães, GC, Farinatti, PTV, Midgley, AW, Vasconcellos, F, Vigário, P, and Cunha, FA. Relationship between percentages of heart rate reserve and oxygen uptake reserve during cycling and running: a validation study. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1954-1962, 2019-This study investigated the relationship between percentages of heart rate reserve (%HRR) and oxygen uptake reserve (%VO2R) during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and discrete bouts of isocaloric cycling and treadmill running. Thirty men visited the laboratory 3 times for anthropometrical and resting VO2 assessments, and perform cycling and running CPETs. Ten men visited the laboratory twice more to investigate the validity of the %HRR-%VO2R relationships during isocaloric bouts of cycling and running at 75% VO2R with energy expenditures of 400 kcals. The %HRR was significantly higher than the %VO2R during both CPETs at all exercise intensities (p < 0.001). During isocaloric exercise bouts, mean %HRR-%VO2R differences of 6.5% and 7.0% were observed for cycling and running, respectively (p = 0.007-p < 0.001). The %HRR and %VO2R increased over time (p < 0.001), the rate of which was influenced by exercise modality (p < 0.001). On average, heart rate was 5 (p = 0.007) and 8 (p < 0.001) b·min higher than predicted from the second energy expenditure quartile for cycling and running, respectively; however, observed VO2 was lower than predicted during all quartiles for cycling, and the first quartile for running. Consequently, time to achieve the target energy expenditure was greater than predicted (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the %HRR-%VO2R relationship observed during CPET data did not accurately transpose to prolonged isocaloric bouts of cycling and running. In addition, power outputs and speeds defined by the American College of Sports Medicine equations for cycling and running, respectively, overestimated VO2 and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna C Guimarães
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo T V Farinatti
- Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England
| | - Fabrício Vasconcellos
- Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Vigário
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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A Single Dose of Beetroot Gel Rich in Nitrate Does Not Improve Performance but Lowers Blood Glucose in Physically Active Individuals. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017:7853034. [PMID: 28243471 PMCID: PMC5294746 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7853034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Beetroot consumption has been proposed to improve exercise performance, since the nitrate content of this food is able to stimulate the synthesis of nitric oxide. Objective. The acute effect of 100 g of a beetroot gel containing ~10 mmol of nitrate was tested on the nitric oxide synthesis, on metabolic and biochemical parameters, and on performance in physically active individuals. Methods. Through a double blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study, 25 healthy runners ingested a single dose of beetroot and placebo gels. Participants performed an aerobic exercise protocol on a treadmill (3 min warm-up of 40% peak oxygen consumption, 4 min at 90% of gas exchange threshold I and 70% (Δ) maximal end speed until volitional fatigue). Results. Urinary levels of nitrite and nitrate increased after 90 min of beetroot gel ingestion. Plasma glucose concentrations lowered after the exercise and the decrease was maintained for 20 min. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum cortisol, and blood lactate were not altered after the beetroot gel ingestion compared to a placebo gel. Conclusion. The single dose of beetroot gel provoked an increase of nitric oxide synthesis although no improvement on the physical performance of athletes during aerobic submaximal exercise was observed.
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Gomes KB, Perez AJ, Carletti L, Marques A. Heart rate as an indicator for exercise prescription for normal, overweight, and obese adolescents. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201600020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Monteiro WD, Cunha FA, Ivo EX, Freire RA, Silva BS, Farinatti P. Physiological strain to prolonged exercise bouts at the walk-run transition speeds depends on locomotion mode in healthy untrained men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:762-769. [PMID: 27230405 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the physiological strain induced by prolonged walking and running performed at the walk-run transition speed (WRTS) in healthy untrained men. Twenty volunteers (age: 28 ± 5.01 years; height: 174.0 ± 0.3 cm; body mass: 74.5 ± 0.6 kg) underwent the following: (a) ramp-incremental maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET); (b) specific protocol to detect the WRTS; and (c) two 30-min walking and running bouts at WRTS (mean ± SD: 6.9 ± 0.06 km/h). Expired gases were collected during exercise bouts via the metabolic cart. A significant effect of locomotion mode (F = 4.8, P < 0.001) was observed with running resulting in higher cardiorespiratory responses than walking at the WRTS (oxygen uptake: mean difference = 0.26 L/min; pulmonary ventilation: mean difference = 5.53 L/min; carbon dioxide output: mean difference = 0.32 L/min; heart rate: mean difference = 13 beats/min; total energy expenditure: mean difference = 59 kcal). The rating of perceived exertion was similar across locomotion modes (mean difference = 0.3; P = 0.490). In conclusion, running promoted greater cardiorespiratory responses than walking at the WRTS in untrained healthy men. These data might have practical impact on aerobic training performed at intensities corresponding to WRTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Monteiro
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E X Ivo
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R A Freire
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B S Silva
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Farinatti
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kuehl R, Scharhag-Rosenberger F, Schommer K, Schmidt ME, Dreger P, Huber G, Bohus M, Ulrich CM, Wiskemann J. Exercise intensity classification in cancer patients undergoing allogeneic HCT. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:889-95. [PMID: 25202849 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise intervention studies during and after cancer treatment show beneficial effects for various physical and psychosocial outcomes. Current exercise intensity guidelines for cancer patients are rather general and have been adapted from American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations for healthy individuals. Intensive cancer treatment regimens such as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) may change the cardiovascular response to acute exercise. Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between %V˙O2 reserve (%V˙O2R, reference) and %HRR, %HRmax, and %V˙O2max and compared calculated intensities with given intensities by ACSM. METHODS Measurements before and 180 d after allo-HCT from a randomized controlled trial were used. Only patients who reached maximal effort and at least two exercise stages in our maximal incremental cycling test were included. Before allo-HCT, 106 patients were included, and 180 d after treatment, 49 patients met our inclusion criteria. Individual regression lines were calculated with V˙O2R as the reference. Calculated exercise intensities for endurance training prescription were compared with ACSM values. RESULTS Before allo-HCT, %HRR values of patients were significantly lower than ACSM values, and %HRmax and %V˙O2max values were significantly higher (except 90% HRmax, which was significantly lower, all P < 0.01). One hundred eighty days after allo-HCT, values for %HRR were not significantly different to ACSM values (except 90%, which was significantly lower, P = 0.01), whereas %HRmax and %V˙O2max were significantly higher (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, regression models revealed no influence of beta-blockers on calculated intensities. CONCLUSIONS ACSM's exercise intensity recommendations for endurance training may not be applicable for cancer patients during and 180 d after allo-HCT because they may not meet the targeted intensity class, with the exception of %HRR 180 d after allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea Kuehl
- 1Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, GERMANY; 2Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY; 3Department of Medicine VII, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY; 4Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY; 5Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, GERMANY; 6Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, GERMANY; and 7Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA
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KERRIGAN DENNISJ, WILLIAMS CELESTET, BRAWNER CLINTONA, EHRMAN JONATHANK, SAVAL MATTHEWA, PETERSON EDWARDL, LANFEAR DAVIDE, TITA CHRISTINA, VELEZ MAURICIO, SELEKTOR YELENA, KETEYIAN STEVENJ. Heart Rate and V˙O2 Concordance in Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:363-7. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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DIAS INGRID, FARINATTI PAULO, DE SOUZA MARIADASGRAÇASCOELHO, MANHANINI DIOGOPIRES, BALTHAZAR ERICK, DANTAS DIEGOLEONARDOSIMPLICIO, DE ANDRADE PINTO EDUARDOHENRIQUE, BOUSKELA ELIETE, KRAEMER-AGUIAR LUIZGUILHERME. Effects of Resistance Training on Obese Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:2636-44. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Alfonso H, Franklin P, Ching S, Croft K, Burcham P, Olsen N, Reid A, Joyce D, de Klerk N, Musk AWB. Effect of N-acetylcysteine supplementation on oxidative stress status and alveolar inflammation in people exposed to asbestos: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Respirology 2015; 20:1102-7. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helman Alfonso
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Peter Franklin
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Simon Ching
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Path West Laboratory Medicine; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Phil Burcham
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Nola Olsen
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Alison Reid
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Medical Research; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - David Joyce
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Nick de Klerk
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Institute of Child Health Research; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - AW Bill Musk
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Perth Western Australia Australia
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Effect of 3-week high-intensity interval training on VO2max, total haemoglobin mass, plasma and blood volume in well-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2349-56. [PMID: 26164709 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the haematological adaptations to high-intensity interval training (HIT), i.e. total haemoglobin mass (tHb-mass), blood volume (BV), and plasma volume (PV), and its effects on VO2max in well-trained athletes. METHODS Twenty-seven male and eight female well-trained (VO2max 63.7 ± 7.7 ml/min/kg) athletes were randomly assigned to the HIT (HITG, N = 19) or the control group (CG, N = 16). Over a 3-week period, the HITG performed 11 HIT sessions, consisting of four 4-min interval bouts at an exercise intensity of 90-95 % of the individual maximal heart rate (HRmax), separated by 4-min active recovery periods. Before and 5 ± 2 days after the intervention, tHb-mass, BV and PV were determined by the CO-rebreathing method. VO2max was assessed in a laboratory treadmill test. RESULTS tHb-mass (from 753 ± 124 to 760 ± 121 g), BV (from 5.6 ± 0.8 to 5.6 ± 0.9 l) and PV (from 3.2 ± 0.5 to 3.2 ± 0.5 l) remained unchanged after HIT and did not show an interaction (group × time). Within the HITG, VO2max improved from baseline by +3.5 % (p = 0.011), but remained unchanged in the CG. No interaction (group × time) was seen for VO2max. The HITG showed a significant reduction in HRmax compared to the baseline measurement (-2.3 %, p ≤ 0.001), but HRmax remained unchanged in the CG. There was a significant interaction (group × time) for HRmax (p = 0.006). Also, oxygen pulse significantly increased only in HITG from 22.9 ± 4.4 to 23.9 ± 4.2 ml/beat, with no interaction (p = 0.150). CONCLUSIONS Eleven HIT sessions added to usual training did neither improve VO2max nor haematological parameters compared to the CG.
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Scharhag-Rosenberger F, Kuehl R, Klassen O, Schommer K, Schmidt ME, Ulrich CM, Wiskemann J, Steindorf K. Exercise training intensity prescription in breast cancer survivors: validity of current practice and specific recommendations. J Cancer Surviv 2015; 9:612-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11764-015-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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de Sant'Anna M, Eboli LC, Silva JG, Dos Santos AG, Lourenço M, Moreno AM, de Freitas GR, Orsini M. Resting metabolic rate analysis in chronic hemiparesis patients. Neurol Int 2014; 6:5442. [PMID: 25568736 PMCID: PMC4274406 DOI: 10.4081/ni.2014.5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to compare resting metabolic rate (RMR) of chronic hemiparetic patients to sedentary health individuals. The sample was composed of 16 individuals, that were divided into two groups. The first group had eight hemiparetic patients and the second group was formed by eight sedentary individuals. To access and analyze the gases information a VO2000 analyzer was used. The following variables were measured: VO2, VCO2, VE, QR, grams of fat (GrFAT), grams of carbohydrate. RMR was calculated based on Weir’s equation. There was a significant shift on ventilation variables: VE (P<0.0003), VO2 (P<0.0004) and VCO2 (P<0.0001) on hemiparetic individuals group when compared to control group. When the energetic substrate used behavior is observed, it shows that fat consumption (represented by GrFAT) is higher on the hemiparetic group when compared to controls (P<0.0001) significant differences were observed for RMR between groups (P<0.0001). RMR showed a correlation to VO2 on the hemiparetic group (r=0.9277, P=0.0022). To sum up, it was observed through the results that individuals with hemiparesis as a sequel of stroke showed a RMR larger than normal individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julio Guilherme Silva
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Analysis of Human Movement Laboratory, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM) , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Brazil
| | | | - Michele Lourenço
- Rio de Janeiro Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology , Brazil
| | | | | | - Marco Orsini
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Analysis of Human Movement Laboratory, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM) , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Neurology Department, Federal Fluminense University - UFF , Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cunha FA, Montenegro RA, Midgley AW, Vasconcellos F, Soares PP, Farinatti P. Influence of exercise modality on agreement between gas exchange and heart rate variability thresholds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:706-14. [PMID: 25003546 PMCID: PMC4165298 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the level of agreement between the gas exchange threshold (GET) and heart rate variability threshold (HRVT) during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) using three different exercise modalities. A further aim was to establish whether there was a 1:1 relationship between the percentage heart rate reserve (%HRR) and percentage oxygen uptake reserve (%VO2 R) at intensities corresponding to GET and HRVT. Sixteen apparently healthy men 17 to 28 years of age performed three maximal CPETs (cycling, walking, and running). Mean heart rate and VO2 at GET and HRVT were 16 bpm (P<0.001) and 5.2 mL · kg(-1) · min(-1) (P=0.001) higher in running than cycling, but no significant differences were observed between running and walking, or cycling and walking (P>0.05). There was a strong relationship between GET and HRVT, with R2 ranging from 0.69 to 0.90. A 1:1 relationship between %HRR and % VO2 R was not observed at GET and HRVT. The %HRR was higher during cycling (GET mean difference=7%; HRVT mean difference=11%; both P<0.001), walking (GET mean difference=13%; HRVT mean difference=13%; both P<0.001), or running (GET mean difference=11%; HRVT mean difference=10%; both P<0.001). Therefore, using HRVT to prescribe aerobic exercise intensity appears to be valid. However, to assume a 1:1 relationship between %HRR and % VO2 R at HRVT would probably result in overestimation of the energy expenditure during the bout of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Cunha
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - R A Montenegro
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, England
| | - F Vasconcellos
- Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação, Intervenção e Desporto, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P P Soares
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - P Farinatti
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Derakhshan A, Derakhshan D, Amoozgar H, Shakiba MA, Basiratnia M, Fallahzadeh MH. Exercise test in pediatric renal transplant recipients and its relationship with their cardiac function. Pediatr Transplant 2014; 18:246-53. [PMID: 24483258 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of CVD. Exercise test is a good method to evaluate exercise capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and risk of potential CVDs. The aim of this study was to assess the exercise capacity in this population and determine its relationship with their cardiac function using conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Exercise test, conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography were performed on 44 kidney transplant children (age ranging 11-20, 59% male) with acceptable renal function, and the results were compared with their normal healthy counterparts. Our transplant patients achieved significantly lower maximal heart rate, maximal heart rate ratio, total energy expenditure during the exercise, and maximal O2 consumption (Max VO2 ) than the normal group (p < 0.05). No correlation was found between hemoglobin (Hb) level, dialysis duration, kidney function, and the exercise test parameters. Kidney transplant patients had preserved systolic despite diminished diastolic cardiac function compared to the normal children. Our pediatric renal transplant recipients had severely impaired diastolic dysfunction and significantly reduced MaxVO2 compared with their healthy counterparts. No correlation was found between MaxVO2 and measured indices of systolic and diastolic cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Derakhshan
- Medical School, Shiraz Nephrology-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Cunha FA, Midgley AW, Montenegro R, Oliveira RB, Farinatti PTV. Metabolic equivalent concept in apparently healthy men: a re-examination of the standard oxygen uptake value of 3.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1.). Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:1115-9. [PMID: 24053518 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study compared resting oxygen uptake (V̇O2) with the standard metabolic equivalent (MET) value of 3.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1), tested the accuracy of a previously published prediction model for resting V̇O2, and proposed a new prediction model for a more homogeneous population. One hundred and twenty-five apparently healthy men, aged 17-38 years, visited the laboratory for the assessment of resting V̇O2. The mean resting V̇O2 of 3.21 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) (95% confidence interval (CI), 3.13 to 3.30) was significantly lower than the standard MET value of 3.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) (mean difference, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.37; t = 6.7; p < 0.001). The prediction model proposed by a previous study, derived from a heterogeneous sample, exhibited no predictive ability in our more homogeneous sample. However, our population-specific regression model, which included body surface area and percent body fat as predictors, demonstrated relatively poor predictive ability, with a low R(2) (0.22) and high standard error of the estimate (0.42 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)). Pearson's correlation coefficients for body surface area and resting V̇O2, and for percent body fat and resting V̇O2, were 0.20 (p = 0.022) and -0.36 (p < 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, the standard MET value of 3.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) considerably overestimates mean resting V̇O2 in a relatively large group of apparently healthy men. Our population-specific prediction model for resting V̇O2 demonstrated relatively poor accuracy, although it was considerably more accurate than the previously published model. Further research needs to be conducted to establish accurate population-specific prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Cunha
- a Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Methods of Prescribing Relative Exercise Intensity: Physiological and Practical Considerations. Sports Med 2013; 43:613-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Cunha FA, Midgley AW, Monteiro W, Freire R, Lima T, Farinatti PTV. How long does it take to achieve steady state for an accurate assessment of resting VO₂ in healthy men? Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:1441-7. [PMID: 23241955 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The time necessary to obtain a steady state for an accurate and reliable assessment of resting [Formula: see text] remains unclear and was the purpose of this study. Thirty healthy men, aged 17-28 years, visited the laboratory twice for the assessment of resting [Formula: see text], which was assessed as follows: (a) 24 h abstention from physical exercise, alcohol, soft drinks and caffeine, (b) fasting for at least 8 h, (c) an acclimation period of 10 min, and (d) 60 min assessment in a supine position. Resting [Formula: see text] significantly changed during the 60 min (F = 37.4, P < 0.001), exhibiting a monoexponential decrease before reaching an asymptote. Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that significant differences existed between consecutive means until the 30 min time point, after which there were no significant differences. The [Formula: see text] response across trials exhibited high test-retest reliability, with within-subject coefficients of variations at each time point ranging from 2.8 to 7.0 % and intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.90 to 0.99. The reliability was higher from the 25 min time point onwards. Based on these findings, the following recommendations are made to promote accurate assessment of resting [Formula: see text]: (a) initiate the resting [Formula: see text] measurement with 10 min of acclimation to the assessment apparatus, (b) determine resting [Formula: see text] for a minimum of 30 min, until an apparent [Formula: see text] steady state has been achieved; and (c) determine resting [Formula: see text] for a further 5 min, with the average of this last 5 min of data being regarding as the resting [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Cunha
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Determination of Best Criteria to Determine Final and Initial Speeds within Ramp Exercise Testing Protocols. Pulm Med 2012; 2012:542402. [PMID: 23213516 PMCID: PMC3503441 DOI: 10.1155/2012/542402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared strategies to define final and initial speeds for designing ramp protocols. VO2max was directly assessed in 117 subjects (29 ± 8 yrs) and estimated by three nonexercise models: (1) Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ); (2) Rating of Perceived Capacity (RPC); (3) Questionnaire of Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF). Thirty seven subjects (30 ± 9 yrs) performed three additional tests with initial speeds corresponding to 50% of estimated VO2max and 50% and 60% of measured VO2max . Significant differences (P < 0.001) were found between VO2max measured (41.5 ± 6.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) and estimated by VSAQ (36.6 ± 6.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) and CRF (45.0 ± 5.3 mL·kg−1·min−1), but not RPC (41.3 ± 6.2 mL·kg−1·min−1). The CRF had the highest ICC, the lowest SEE, and better limits of agreement with VO2max compared to the other instruments. Initial speeds from 50%–60% VO2max estimated by CRF or measured produced similar VO2max (40.7 ± 5.9; 40.0 ± 5.6; 40.3 ± 5.5 mL·kg−1·min−1 resp., P = 0.14). The closest relationship to identity line was found in tests beginning at 50% VO2max estimated by CRF. In conclusion, CRF was the best option to estimate VO2max and therefore to define the final speed for ramp protocols. The measured VO2max was independent of initial speeds, but speeds higher than 50% VO2max produced poorer submaximal relationships between workload and VO2.
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Cunha FA, Catalão RPG, Midgley AW, Gurgel J, Porto F, Farinatti PTV. Do the speeds defined by the American College of Sports Medicine metabolic equation for running produce target energy expenditures during isocaloric exercise bouts? Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:3019-26. [PMID: 22170015 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) equations for producing predicted values of heart rate reserve (HRR) and oxygen uptake reserve (VO2R) and consequently, target energy expenditure (EE) during exercise are yet to be established. This study investigated whether speeds defined by the ACSM metabolic equation for running correctly estimate the EEs during isocaloric exercise bouts. Twenty-eight men performed a ramp-incremental maximal exercise test to determine HRmax and VO2max. Two continuous exercise bouts at 60 and 80% VO2R and target EE of 400 kcal were then performed. In the 60% VO2R exercise the observed VO2R and EE were lower than predicted only during the first time quartile of the bout (t = 6.5, p < 0.001), whereas at 80% VO2R it was lower during the first (t = 15.3, p < 0.001), second (t = 5.4, p < 0.001) and third (t = 3.1, p = 0.025) quartiles. The observed HR was lower than predicted in the first time quartile of the 60% [Formula: see text] (t = 5.6, p < 0.001) and 80% VO2R bouts (t = 10.7, p < 0.001), whereas no significant differences occurred for any other time quartiles (p ≥ 0.23). In conclusion, the running speed defined by the ACSM metabolic equation overestimated VO2R and EE within exercise performed at 60 and 80% VO2R especially in higher intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Cunha
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cunha FA, Midgley AW, Monteiro WD, Campos FK, Farinatti PT. The relationship between oxygen uptake reserve and heart rate reserve is affected by intensity and duration during aerobic exercise at constant work rate. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:839-47. [DOI: 10.1139/h11-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR) and percentage of oxygen uptake reserve (%VO2R) has been recommended for prescribing aerobic exercise intensity. However, this relationship was derived from progressive maximal exercise testing data, and the stability of the relationship during prolonged exercise at a constant work rate has not been established. The main aim of this study was to investigate the stability of the %VO2R–%HRR relationship during prolonged treadmill exercise bouts performed at 3 different constant work rates. Twenty-eight men performed 4 exercise tests: (i) a ramp-incremental maximal exercise test to determine maximal heart rate (HRmax) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and (ii) three 40-min exercise bouts at 60%, 70%, and 80% VO2R. HR and VO2 significantly increased over time and were influenced by exercise intensity (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). A 1:1 relationship between %HRR and %VO2R, and between %HRR and %VO2max, was not observed, with mean differences of 8% (t = 5.2, p < 0.001) and 6% (t = 4.8, p < 0.001), respectively. The VO2 values predicted from the ACSM running equation were all significantly higher than the observed VO2 values (p < 0.001 for all comparisons), whereas a difference for HR was observed only for the tenth min of exercise at 80% VO2R (p = 0.041). In conclusion, the main finding of this study was that the %HRR–%VO2R relationship determined by linear regression, obtained from progressive maximal exercise testing, did not apply to prolonged treadmill running performed at 3 work rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A. Cunha
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W. Midgley
- Department of Sport, Health, and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, England
| | - Walace D. Monteiro
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe K. Campos
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo T.V. Farinatti
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, Nieman DC, Swain DP. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43:1334-59. [PMID: 21694556 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318213fefb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5312] [Impact Index Per Article: 408.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this Position Stand is to provide guidance to professionals who counsel and prescribe individualized exercise to apparently healthy adults of all ages. These recommendations also may apply to adults with certain chronic diseases or disabilities, when appropriately evaluated and advised by a health professional. This document supersedes the 1998 American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Position Stand, "The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Healthy Adults." The scientific evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of exercise is indisputable, and the benefits of exercise far outweigh the risks in most adults. A program of regular exercise that includes cardiorespiratory, resistance, flexibility, and neuromotor exercise training beyond activities of daily living to improve and maintain physical fitness and health is essential for most adults. The ACSM recommends that most adults engage in moderate-intensity cardiorespiratory exercise training for ≥30 min·d on ≥5 d·wk for a total of ≥150 min·wk, vigorous-intensity cardiorespiratory exercise training for ≥20 min·d on ≥3 d·wk (≥75 min·wk), or a combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise to achieve a total energy expenditure of ≥500-1000 MET·min·wk. On 2-3 d·wk, adults should also perform resistance exercises for each of the major muscle groups, and neuromotor exercise involving balance, agility, and coordination. Crucial to maintaining joint range of movement, completing a series of flexibility exercises for each the major muscle-tendon groups (a total of 60 s per exercise) on ≥2 d·wk is recommended. The exercise program should be modified according to an individual's habitual physical activity, physical function, health status, exercise responses, and stated goals. Adults who are unable or unwilling to meet the exercise targets outlined here still can benefit from engaging in amounts of exercise less than recommended. In addition to exercising regularly, there are health benefits in concurrently reducing total time engaged in sedentary pursuits and also by interspersing frequent, short bouts of standing and physical activity between periods of sedentary activity, even in physically active adults. Behaviorally based exercise interventions, the use of behavior change strategies, supervision by an experienced fitness instructor, and exercise that is pleasant and enjoyable can improve adoption and adherence to prescribed exercise programs. Educating adults about and screening for signs and symptoms of CHD and gradual progression of exercise intensity and volume may reduce the risks of exercise. Consultations with a medical professional and diagnostic exercise testing for CHD are useful when clinically indicated but are not recommended for universal screening to enhance the safety of exercise.
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Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, Nieman DC, Swain DP. Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: '10.1249/mss.0b013e318213fefb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the physiological characteristics of experienced ski mountaineers and to determine the physical demands of ski mountaineering competition. DESIGN Descriptive field study. SETTING An international ski mountaineering competition characterized by 20 400 m distance and 1869 m altitude difference that took place in March 2009 in the South Tyrolean Alps (Italy). PARTICIPANTS Nine healthy and experienced male ski mountaineers. INTERVENTIONS Bioimpedance measurements for body composition definition; maximal exercise testing (Bruce protocol) to determine maximal heart rate (HRmax), maximal oxygen uptake (.VO2max), and ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) and to define individual exercise intensity zones; HR registration during competition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Exercise intensity distribution, occurrence of respiratory symptoms. RESULTS Ventilatory thresholds were found on average at 70.5% ± 5.0% (VT1) and 90.9% ± 2.6% (VT2) of .VO2max (68.18 ± 6.11 mL·kg⁻¹·minute⁻¹). The overall exercise intensity, defined by the ratio between mean HR during competition and maximal HR in the laboratory (0.87 ± 0.02), was high. Partial times (% of race time) spent competing in 4 defined performance zones were on average 20.4% ± 17.0% (maximal intensity), 59.8% ± 12.5% (high intensity), 12.8% ± 5.6% (moderate intensity), and 7.0% ± 5.9% (low intensity). Five participants reported respiratory discomfort during competition, with cough being the most frequent symptom. Statistical analysis revealed percent body fat mass to correlate with the partial time performed above VT2 (r = 0.782, P < 0.05); the latter was associated with a worse final placement (r = 0.734, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Competitive ski mountaineering is characterized by an important cardiopulmonary strain and requires a high degree of physical fitness.
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Cunha FAD, Farinatti PDTV, Midgley AW. Methodological and practical application issues in exercise prescription using the heart rate reserve and oxygen uptake reserve methods. J Sci Med Sport 2011; 14:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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