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Rajčević N, Bukvički D, Dodoš T, Marin PD. Interactions between Natural Products-A Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121256. [PMID: 36557296 PMCID: PMC9786035 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based natural products have been used as a source for therapeutics since the dawn of civilization. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. Numerous natural extracts, widely known in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Indian Ayurveda medicine and other practices, have led to the modern discovery and development of new drugs. Plants continuously interact with their environment, producing new compounds and ever-changing combinations of existing ones. Interestingly, some of the compounds have shown lower therapeutic activity in comparison to the extract they were isolated from. These findings suggest that the higher therapeutic activity of the source extract was due to the synergistic effect of several compounds. In other words, the total therapeutic potential of the extract cannot be explained only by the sum of its parts alone. In traditional medicine, most herbal remedies are based on a mixture of plants, and it is the interaction between different constituents that amplifies their therapeutic potential. Considering the significant influence traditional medicine has on human healthcare, knowing and studying the synergistic effect of compounds is paramount in designing smart therapeutic agents.
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Chen R, Wang X, Xu H, Zhao R, Hu Q. Comparative Study on Volatile Oils among Bupleuri radix Species and Habitats: Yields, Chemical Characterization and Antipyretic Activities. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200549. [PMID: 36382416 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Volatile oils from several Bupleuri radix (BR) are reported as potential sources of drugs. To provide evidence for the application of BR, the volatile oils from 19 batches of different species and habitats of BR including Bupleurum chinese DC. (BCD), Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. (BSW), Bupleurum bicaule Helm (BBH), Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (Wolff) Shan et Y.Li (BMS), Bupleurum marginatum Wall.ex DC. (BMW) and Bupleurum falcatum L. (BFL) were investigated. The composition of BR volatile oils was determined by GC/MS. Samples were clustered by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Fever was induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and antipyretic activities of BR volatile oils were evaluated with Chaihu injection (CI) as the positive control. The yields of volatile oils were among 360-5320 ppm. A total of 229 components were identified by GC/MS. Samples could be divided into 4 clusters by HCA. 4 representative samples, one for each cluster, were selected to further compare their antipyretic activities. For the highest content of volatile oil (5320 ppm) and the best activity, BSW has great potential for utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqiao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongting Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiaohong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Salinas M, Calva J, Cartuche L, Valarezo E, Armijos C. Chemical Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution and Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil of Diplosthephium juniperinum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091188. [PMID: 35567189 PMCID: PMC9105165 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to extract and identify the chemical compounds of Diplosthephium juniperinum essential oil (EO) from Ecuador and to assess its anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties. The EO chemical composition was determined by GC−MS. A total of 74 constituents of EO were identified, representing 97.27% in DB-5ms and 96.06% in HP-INNOWax of the total EO. The major constituents (>4.50%) identified were: α-pinene (21.52, 22.04%), geranyl acetate (10.54, 7.78%), silphiper-fol-5-ene (8.67, 7.38%), α-copaene (8.26, 8.18%), 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene (4.93, 5.95%), and germacrene D (4.91, 6.00%). Enantioselective analysis of the volatile fraction of D. juniperinum showed: (+)-α-pinene as a pure enantiomer and 5 pairs of enantiomeric compounds. Among them, (−)-β-Pinene and (−)-Germacrene D presented a high enantiomeric excess of 93.23 and 84.62%, respectively, while (−)-α-Thujene, (−)-Sabinene and (S)-4-Terpineol with a lower enantiomeric excess of 56.34, 47.84 and 43.11%, respectively. A moderate inhibitory effect was observed for Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes with IC50 values of 67.20 ± 7.10 and 89.00 ± 9.90 µg/mL, respectively. A lower antioxidant potential was observed for the EO measured through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays with SC50 values of 127.03 and >1000 µg/mL, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the chemical composition, enantiomeric distribution and, anticholinesterase and antioxidant potential of the EO of D. juniperinum. As future perspective, further in-vivo studies could be conducted to confirm the anticholinesterase potential of the EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Salinas
- Maestría en Química Aplicada, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.C.); (L.C.); (E.V.)
| | - James Calva
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.C.); (L.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Luis Cartuche
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.C.); (L.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Eduardo Valarezo
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.C.); (L.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Chabaco Armijos
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.C.); (L.C.); (E.V.)
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Xie X, Huang R, Li F, Tian E, Li C, Chao Z. Phylogenetic position of Bupleurum sikangense inferred from the complete chloroplast genome sequence. Gene 2021; 798:145801. [PMID: 34175392 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bupleurum sikangense is an endemic species to China distributed in Xizang (Tibet), which has high saikosaponin content and potential medicinal value. Morphologically, it extremely resembles B. commelynoideum. In order to get a better understanding of the relationship between B. sikangense and B. commelynoideum, and on the phylogenetic status of the two species in the genus, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of them were sequenced. The genome organization, repeat sequences, codon usage, RNA-editing sites, and variation of their cp genomes revealed high similarity between the species. Some highly variable regions like trnK-UUU_rps16, rps16_trnQ-UUG, ndhC_trnV-UAC, petA_psbJ, accD_psaI, and petL_psbE were identified, providing potential molecular markers for differentiating the two species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that B. commelynoideum has a closer relationship to B. chinese than that to B. sikangense. Overall, this study will not only improve our knowledge about cp genomes of these two species, and but also provide data for further research on species identification, safe medical application, conservation genetics, etc., of Bupleurum plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuena Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Enwei Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhi Chao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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5
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Zuzarte M, Correia PMP, Alves-Silva JM, Gonçalves MJ, Cavaleiro C, Cruz T, Salgueiro L. Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Bupleurum rigidum subsp. paniculatum (Brot.) H.Wolff Essential Oil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050592. [PMID: 34067555 PMCID: PMC8156192 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections remain a major health concern with aromatic plants and their metabolites standing out as promising antifungal agents. The present study aims to assess, for the first time, the antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of Bupleurum subsp. paniculatum (Brot.) H.Wolff essential oil from Portugal. The oil obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS, showed high amounts of monoterpene hydrocarbons, namely α-pinene (29.0–36.0%), β–pinene (26.1–30.7%) and limonene (10.5–13.5%). The antifungal potential was assessed, according to CLSI guidelines, against several clinical and collection strains. The essential oil showed a broad fungicidal effect being more potent against Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. Moreover, a significant germ tube inhibition was observed in Candida albicans as well as a disruption of mature biofilms, thus pointing out an effect of the oil against relevant virulent factors. Furthermore, fungal ultrastructural modifications were detected through transmission electron microscopy, highlighting the nefarious effect of the oil. Of relevance, the oil also evidenced anti-inflammatory activity through nitric oxide inhibition in macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide. In addition, the essential oil’s bioactive concentrations did not present toxicity towards macrophages. Overall, the present study confirmed the bioactive potential of B. rigidum subsp. paniculatum essential oil, thus paving the way for the development of effective drugs presenting concomitantly antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Zuzarte
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro M. P. Correia
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Jorge M. Alves-Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.J.G.); (C.C.); (T.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria J. Gonçalves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.J.G.); (C.C.); (T.C.); (L.S.)
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.J.G.); (C.C.); (T.C.); (L.S.)
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.J.G.); (C.C.); (T.C.); (L.S.)
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.J.G.); (C.C.); (T.C.); (L.S.)
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Molecular Basis of the Therapeutical Potential of Clove ( Syzygium aromaticum L.) and Clues to Its Anti-COVID-19 Utility. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071880. [PMID: 33810416 PMCID: PMC8036487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is enormously affecting the worldwide health and economy. In the wait for an effective global immunization, the development of a specific therapeutic protocol to treat COVID-19 patients is clearly necessary as a short-term solution of the problem. Drug repurposing and herbal medicine represent two of the most explored strategies for an anti-COVID-19 drug discovery. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) is a well-known culinary spice that has been used for centuries in folk medicine in many disorders. Interestingly, traditional medicines have used clove since ancient times to treat respiratory ailments, whilst clove ingredients show antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Other interesting features are the clove antithrombotic, immunostimulatory, and antibacterial effects. Thus, in this review, we discuss the potential role of clove in the frame of anti-COVID-19 therapy, focusing on the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects of clove and its molecular constituents described in the scientific literature.
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Ueno H, Shimada A, Suemitsu S, Murakami S, Kitamura N, Wani K, Takahashi Y, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Alpha-pinene and dizocilpine (MK-801) attenuate kindling development and astrocytosis in an experimental mouse model of epilepsy. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:102-114. [PMID: 32760846 PMCID: PMC7390835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved during the onset of epilepsy is crucial for elucidating the overall mechanism of epileptogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Previous studies, using a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling mouse model, showed that astrocyte activation and an increase in perineuronal nets (PNNs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules occurred within the hippocampus. However, the mechanisms of initiation and suppression of these changes, remain unclear. Herein, we analyzed the attenuation of astrocyte activation caused by dizocilpine (MK-801) administration, as well as the anticonvulsant effect of α-pinene on seizures and production of ECM molecules. Our results showed that MK-801 significantly reduced kindling acquisition, while α-pinene treatment prevented an increase in seizures incidences. Both MK-801 and α-pinene administration attenuated astrocyte activation by PTZ and significantly attenuated the increase in ECM molecules. Our results indicate that astrocyte activation and an increase in ECM may contribute to epileptogenesis and suggest that MK-801 and α-pinene may prevent epileptic seizures by suppressing astrocyte activation and ECM molecule production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan
| | - Atsumi Shimada
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Nakamura Gakuen University Junior College, Fukuoka, 814-0198, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Suemitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
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Ferreira Neto DC, de Souza ECA, da Costa LAMA, Flach A. Identification of lipophylic constituents of the nest of Frieseomelitta silvestrii (FRIESE, 1902). Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4188-4191. [PMID: 32352324 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1753733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bees are becoming more and more valued for the extremely important role they play in ecological communities, especially for their pollinating action. The state of Roraima, Brazil has areas of native vegetation and variety of stingless bees, and this potential is still untapped. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of materials collected from the nests of Frieseomelitta silvestrii (FRIESE, 1902), identified in São Luiz, in Roraima state, Brazil. The chemical composition of the collected material was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The dichloromethane extracts of propolis, cerumen threads and resin present in the stingless bee nest presented differentiated profiles with the occurrence of low polarity compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Cristian Ferreira Neto
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil.,Chemistry Department, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edineide Cristina A de Souza
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology in the Legal Amazon-Bionorte, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Flach
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
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Attenuation Effects of Alpha-Pinene Inhalation on Mice with Dizocilpine-Induced Psychiatric-Like Behaviour. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2745453. [PMID: 31467573 PMCID: PMC6699265 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2745453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
α-Pinene, an organic terpene compound found in coniferous trees, is used as a safe food additive and is contained in many essential oils. Moreover, some studies have shown that α-pinene suppresses neuronal activity. In this study, we investigated whether inhalation of α-pinene suppresses dizocilpine (MK-801-) induced schizophrenia-like behavioural abnormalities in mice. Mice inhaled α-pinene 1 h before the first MK-801 injection. Thirty minutes after MK-801 injection, the open field, spontaneous locomotor activity, elevated plus maze, Y-maze, tail suspension, hot plate, and grip strength tests were conducted as behavioural experiments. Inhalation of α-pinene suppressed the activity of mice in the spontaneous locomotor activity test and although it did not suppress the MK-801-induced increased locomotor activity in the open field test, it remarkably decreased the time that the mice remained in the central area. Inhalation of α-pinene suppressed the MK-801-induced increased total distance travelled in the Y-maze test, whereas it did not alter the MK-801-induced reduced threshold of antinociception in the hot plate test. In the tail suspension and grip strength tests, there was no effect on mouse behaviour by administration of MK-801 and inhalation of α-pinene. These results suggest that α-pinene acts to reduce MK-801-induced behavioural abnormalities resembling those seen in neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, both medicinal plants and essential oils containing α-pinene may have potential for therapeutic treatment of schizophrenia.
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Marie DE, Dejan B, Quetin-Leclercq J. GC-MS Analysis of the Leaf Essential Oil of Ipomea Pes-caprae, a Traditional Herbal Medicine in Mauritius. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical compositions of the essential oils of the fresh and dried leaves of Ipomea pes-caprae from Mauritius were studied for the first time by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 70 compounds were identified. The major components were found to be 8-cedren-13-ol (13.0%), (E)-nerolidol (7.0%), guaiol (6.2%), α-cadinol (6.2%) and limonene (6.1%) in fresh leaves and β-caryophyllene (36.6%), α-copaene (8.0%), germacrene D (7.3%), phytol (5.8%), δ-cadinene (5.7%), and α-humulene (5.4%) in the dried leaf samples. The relationship between the anti-hemorrhoidal activity of Ipomea pes-caprae, one of its traditional uses in Mauritius, and the chemical composition of the essential oil samples is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E.P. Marie
- Mauritius Oceanography Institute, France Centre, Victoria Avenue, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
- CHAM unit, UCL 7230 Av. E. Mounier, 72, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brkic Dejan
- CHAM unit, UCL 7230 Av. E. Mounier, 72, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- CHAM unit, UCL 7230 Av. E. Mounier, 72, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Setzer WN. Chemical Compositions of the Bark Essential Oils of Croton Monteverdensis and Croton Niveus from Monteverde, Costa Rica. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils of the barks of Croton monteverdensis Huft and C. niveus Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae) from Monteverde, Costa Rica, were isolated by hydrodistillation in yields of 0.03% and 0.10%, respectively. The chemical composition of the oils was determined by GC–MS. The most abundant essential oil components of C. monteverdensis were α-pinene (17.1%), β-pinene (10.5%), and linalool (8.3%), while C. niveus bark oil was made up largely of α-pinene (14.4%), 1,8-cineole (11.6%), and borneol (8.5%). The major components account for the fragrances and are consistent with the traditional medicinal uses of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Borges RS, Ortiz BLS, Pereira ACM, Keita H, Carvalho JCT. Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil: A review of its phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory activity, and mechanisms of action involved. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:29-45. [PMID: 30287195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plant species Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae; Synonyms: Salvia rosmarinus Schleid. and Rosmarinus angustifolius Mill.) is a herb widely used worldwide. In local and traditional medicine, its used for inflammation-related diseases. Currently, studies report anti-inflammatory activity in its essential oil (EORO). However, to better understand EORO's anti-inflammatory activity its necessary to understand its phytochemistry and the signaling pathways affected by it. Hence, this review aimed to describe EORO phytochemical profile, ethnopharmacological uses, some biological activities of EORO will be described but emphasizing its anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanisms of action involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was performed using the databases Medline, Embase, BVS Regional Portal, Science Direct, CAPES Journals, and Scopus; using the keywords "Rosmarinus officinalis", "anti-inflammatory" and "essential oil". Additional information was gathered from related textbooks, reviews, and documents. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Until now about 150 chemical compounds were identified in EORO samples, more frequently reported molecules were 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, and camphor. Studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of EORO occur mainly through inhibition of NF-κB transcription and suppression of arachidonic acid cascade. Its antioxidant activity also aids by preventing injury caused by the reactive species of inflammation; its smooth muscle relaxant activity contributes to ameliorating airway inflammatory diseases. Lastly, toxicity assessments indicate low toxicity to EORO. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence indicates anti-inflammatory activity in EORO, supporting its ethnopharmacological uses in inflammatory-related diseases, and potential future applications. However, although considerable acute inflammatory models were tested, more chronic inflammatory models are needed; clinical studies are still absent, this may be due to the high doses needed for essential oils to exert pharmacological effects, but recent studies show this issue can be bypassed using the oil formulated as nanoemulsions to improve its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaelle Sousa Borges
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, S/N, Campus Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas de da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Juscelino Kubitscheck, KM 02, S/N, Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Brenda Lorena Sánchez Ortiz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, S/N, Campus Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Arlindo César Matias Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, S/N, Campus Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Hady Keita
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, S/N, Campus Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil; Division de Pós-Grado, Instituto de Investigación sobre la Salud Publica. Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Calle Guillermo Rojas Mijangos S/N, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, S/N, Campus Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas de da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Juscelino Kubitscheck, KM 02, S/N, Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP 68903-419, Brazil.
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Han X, Price R, Parker TL. An essential oil blend modulates important inflammation- and immune response-related biomarkers in human cell cocultures. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2017.1302909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuesheng Han
- dōTERRA International LLC, 389 S. 1300 W, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA
| | - Raymond Price
- DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tory L. Parker
- dōTERRA International LLC, 389 S. 1300 W, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA
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Analgesic-Like Activity of Essential Oil Constituents: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122392. [PMID: 29232831 PMCID: PMC5751100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The constituents of essential oils are widely found in foods and aromatic plants giving characteristic odor and flavor. However, pharmacological studies evidence its therapeutic potential for the treatment of several diseases and promising use as compounds with analgesic-like action. Considering that pain affects a significant part of the world population and the need for the development of new analgesics, this review reports on the current studies of essential oils’ chemical constituents with analgesic-like activity, including a description of their mechanisms of action and chemical aspects.
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Alejo-Armijo A, Altarejos J, Salido S. Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Laurel Tree (Laurus nobilis). Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the chemical composition reported up to date on Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), an evergreen shrub or tree cultivated for its aromatic leaves and ornamental interest. It has been focused on non-volatile phytochemicals such as sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, among others. Moreover, biological activities of laurel extracts and pure compounds have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Alejo-Armijo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Joaquín Altarejos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Sofía Salido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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Protective effects of Vitex doniana (Black plum) against ischemic testes torsion injury: Histological and morphometric features. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2016; 23:157-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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CAVALHEIRO AH, GODOI APT, CARVALHO TCD, CATIRSE AB, FURTADO NAJC. Antimicrobial potential of Casearia sylvestris against oral bacteria. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.11015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to obtain Casearia sylvestris leave extracts by different extractive methods, including the obtention of essential oil, in order to compare their antimicrobial activities to conventional mouthwash chlorhexidine against oral bacteria. Material and method For this evaluation, extracts from the leaves were obtained by different methods of extraction (infusion, decoction, maceration and percolation) using different solvent systems: water 100%, ethanol 100%, methanol 100%, water: ethanol 3:7; water: ethanol 7:3; water: methanol 7:3 and water: methanol 3:7. The essential oil, which corresponds to a volatile fraction, was obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger modified apparatus. The microdilution broth method was used to determine the values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the following microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, S. mitis ATCC 49456, S. sanguinis ATCC 10556, S. salivarius ATCC 25975, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 11578 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC4082. Chlorhexidine gluconate was used as a positive control. Result All extracts evaluated in the used protocol displayed MIC values higher than 400 µg/mL and few showed bactericidal activity. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was higher than the activity of the extracts, and the best minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values were obtained against L. casei (MIC of 0.023 µg/mL and MBC of 0.046 µg/mL) and S. mutans (MIC of 25 µg/mL and MBC of 50 µg/mL), respectively. Conclusion The essential oil of Casearia sylvestris has significant antimicrobial activity against oral microorganisms.
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Czaikoski K, Mesomo MC, Scheer ADP, Queiroga CL, Deschamps C, Corazza ML. Chemical composition and biological activity ofEupatorium intermediumessential oil. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1191382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Casiglia S, Bruno M, Senatore F, Senatore F. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Bupleurum Fontanesii (Apiaceae) Growing Wild in Sicily and its Activity on Microorganisms Affecting Historical Art Crafts. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrodistillation of the flowers (BpFl) of and fruits (BpFr) of Bupleurum fontanesii Guss. ex Caruel gave two oils that were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The main components were α-elemol (16.7%), caryophyllene oxide (16.4%) and heptacosane (15.9%) in BpFl, and spathulenol (16.8%), caryophylladienol I (13.2%) and α-elemol (12.8%) in BpFr. A good antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger, all infesting historical art craft, was also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casiglia
- Department STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II - 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II - 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Senatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Felice Senatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49 - 80131 Naples, Italy
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Souza MTDS, Almeida JRGDS, Araujo AADS, Duarte MC, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF, dos Santos MRV, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Structure–activity relationship of terpenes with anti-inflammatory profile – a systematic review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 115:244-56. [PMID: 25275147 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological response that in spite of having available treatments, their side effects limit their usefulness. Because of this, natural products have been the subject of incessant studies, among which the class of terpenes stands out. They have been the source of study for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs, once their chemical diversity is well suited to provide skeleton for future anti-inflammatory drugs. This systematic review reports the studies present in the literature that evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of terpenes suffering any change in their structures, assessing whether these changes also brought changes in their effects. The search terms anti-inflammatory agents, terpenes, and structure–activity relationship were used to retrieve English language articles in SCOPUS, PUBMED and EMBASE published between January 2002 and August 2013. Twenty-seven papers were found concerning the structural modification of terpenes with the evaluation of antiinflammatory activity. The data reviewed here suggest that modified terpenes are an interesting tool for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Sui C, Chen M, Xu J, Wei J, Jin Y, Xu Y, Sun J, Gao K, Yang C, Zhang Z, Chen S, Luo H. Comparison of root transcriptomes and expressions of genes involved in main medicinal secondary metabolites from Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, the two Chinese official Radix bupleuri source species. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:230-42. [PMID: 25117935 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Radix bupleuri, roots of Bupleurum species, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. Here, we compared the root transcriptomes of both Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. A total of 313 483 and 342 263 high quality expressed sequence tags were obtained, respectively. In addition, 17 117 (59.2%) and 19 416 (62.8%) unigenes for B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium had homologous genes in the opposite dataset. For B. chinense, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG) annotation identified carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism as the three highest groups in the metabolism category. For B. scorzonerifolium, the lipid metabolism group had the most unigenes. Genes that may participate in the biosynthesis of terpenoid, triterpenoid, sterol, lignan and flavonoids were identified according to their annotations. (Tri)terpenoid-related genes were predominantly found in B. chinense. The expressions of certain genes were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the roots of the two species. A total of 558 putative transcription factors (TFs) and 137 transcriptional regulators (TRs) among 1364 TFs and 327 TRs, and 610 TFs and 129 TRs among 1600 TFs and 323 TRs were specific for B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium, respectively. Our transcriptome comparison reflects the different types and proportions of metabolites synthesized by the two species. The data, especially, those genes involved in the biosynthesis of particular types of metabolites, will provide the basis for further investigations of the secondary metabolite repertoire of the two Bupleurum species, as well as other species from the genus of Bupleurum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Sui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
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Abstract
AIM To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Buleurum bicaule Helm (Apiaceae). METHOD Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MPLC Rp-C18 column chromatography, and HPLC were used for isolation of compounds. The structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR technology and HRESI-MS. Compounds were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory ability against the proliferation of rat mesangial cells by the MTT method. RESULTS Twelve compounds were isolated, and their structures were identified on the basis of their spectroscopic and physico-chemical properties as 13, 28-epoxy-olean-11-en-3-one (1), saikogenin E (2), saikogenin G (3), 11α-methoxy-3β, 16β, 23, 28-tetrahydroxyolean-12-ene (4), saikogenin D (5), prosaikogenin F (6), prosaikogenin A (7), prosaikogenin G (8), prosaikogenin D (9), laccaic acid (10b), methyl gallate (11), and ethyl gallate (12). Compounds 1, 2, 7, 8, and 10 were observed to have inhibitory activity against mesangial cell proliferationin to different degrees. CONCLUSION Compound 1, 8, and 10 exhibit significant inhibitory effects on rat mesangial cell proliferation induced by Ang II.
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Do Carmo GM, Baldissera MD, Vaucher RA, Rech VC, Oliveira CB, Sagrillo MR, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Alves MP, França RT, Lopes STA, Schwertz CI, Mendes RE, Monteiro SG, Da Silva AS. Effect of the treatment with Achyrocline satureioides (free and nanocapsules essential oil) and diminazene aceturate on hematological and biochemical parameters in rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi. Exp Parasitol 2014; 149:39-46. [PMID: 25499512 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the effect of the treatment with A. satureioides essential oil (free and nanoencapsulated forms) and diminazene aceturate on hematological and biochemical variables in rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi. The 56 rats were divided into seven groups with eight rats each. Groups A, C and D were composed by uninfected animals, and groups B, E, F and G were formed by infected rats with T. evansi. Rats from groups A and B were used as negative and positive control, respectively. Rats from the groups C and E were treated with A. satureioides essential oil, and groups D and F were treated with A. satureioides nanoencapsulated essential oil. Groups C, D, E and F received one dose of oil (1.5 mL kg(-1)) during five consecutive days orally. Group G was treated with diminazene aceturate (D.A.) in therapeutic dose (3.5 mg kg(-1)) in an only dose. The blood samples were collected on day 5 PI for analyses of hematological (erythrocytes and leukocytes count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and biochemical (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, urea and creatinine) variables. A. satureioides administered was able to maintain low parasitemia, mainly the nanoencapsulated form, on 5 days post infection. On the infected animals with T. evansi treated with A. satureioides essential oil (free and nanocapsules) the number of total leucocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes present was similar to uninfected rats, and different from infected and not-treated animals (leukocytosis). Treatment with A. satureioides in free form elevated levels of ALT and AST, demonstrating liver damage; however, treatment with nanoencapsulated form did not cause elevation of these enzymes. Finally, treatments inhibited the increase in creatinine levels caused by infection for T. evansi. In summary, the nanoencapsulated form showed better activity on the trypanosome; it did not cause liver toxicity and prevented renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M Do Carmo
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo A Vaucher
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Virginia Cielo Rech
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila B Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Aline A Boligon
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Margareth L Athayde
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta P Alves
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claiton I Schwertz
- Section of Veterinary Pathology, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo E Mendes
- Section of Veterinary Pathology, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - Silvia G Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Nam SY, Chung CK, Seo JH, Rah SY, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. The therapeutic efficacy of α-pinene in an experimental mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:273-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ugwah-Oguejiofor CJ, Abubakar K, Ugwah MO, Njan AA. Evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of Caralluma dalzielii. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:967-972. [PMID: 24140204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Caralluma dalzielii has been used for treating several ailments including convulsion, leprosy, snake bites, otitis (ear pain), fungal diseases and rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Nigeria. However there is no scientific evidence to support its use in literature. To evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract of Caralluma dalzielii in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed using acetic acid induced writhing test in mice, sub plantar formalin induced nociception, the tail-flick test and formalin induced oedema in rats. Three doses of the extract (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) were used for the assessment. RESULTS Caralluma dalzielii extract demonstrated strong dose-dependent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in all the models employed. All doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) produced a significant percentage inhibition (41.77, 77.11, and 90.76% in the early phase and 52.02, 85.35, 93.93% in the late phase) in the acetic acid writhing test and (42.85, 55.71, 86.43% in the early phase and 23.26, 37.98, 72.87 in the late phase) in the formalin induced nociception test, respectively. The tail-flick test showed a significant increase in the antinociceptive effect of the extract in both early and late phases when compared with the control. The inhibition of oedema in the formalin test was significant when compared to the control. CONCLUSION The results indicated that Caralluma dalzielii showed excellent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties suggesting that its traditional use in the treatment of pains and inflammatory diseases may be valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye J Ugwah-Oguejiofor
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria.
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Yao RY, Zou YF, Chen XF. Traditional Use, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Quality Control of Species in Genus Bupleurum L. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2013; 5:245-255. [PMID: 32288759 PMCID: PMC7129159 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(13)60036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species of genus Bupleurum L. have been pharmaceutically used mainly in Asia and Europe for thousand years. Their roots are the most popular ingredients in Chinese materia medica prescriptions for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and auto-immune diseases. A plenty of chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from the species in Bupleurum L., such as saikosaponins, polysaccharides, volatile oils, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, lignins, and coumarins, most of which possess a variety of biological activities, especially for the hepatoprotective effect, antitumor activity, immunoregulation, and febrifuge efficacy. Therefore, the species in genus Bupleurum L. could be potential herbs of immunomodulator, antineoplastic, anti-oxidant, etc. Meanwhile, as potential toxicities have been discovered in some constituents, it is urgent to establish a comprehensive quality evaluation system to ensure the safety and efficiency of herbs. This paper reviews on the phytochemical and pharmacological studies, especially for the toxicology and quality control of the species in Bupleurum L., which is a reference for the species in this genus for safe usage and further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yu Yao
- Agronomy College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xing-Fu Chen
- Agronomy College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
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Siani AC, Souza MC, Henriques MGMO, Ramos MFS. Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils from Syzygium cumini and Psidium guajava. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:881-887. [PMID: 23577801 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.768675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite the many biological activities reported for essential oils, their anti-inflammatory ability is relatively underexplored considering the wide variation in plant sources and in their volatile composition. Oils from Syzygium cumini Skells (SC) and Psidium guajava L. (PG) (Myrtaceae) have been described as having diverse pharmacological activities. OBJECTIVE The current study seeks to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils from the leaves of SC and PG, as well as some of their terpene-enriched fractions (+V = more volatile and -V = less volatile) obtained by vacuum distillation. Both the pharmacological responses and chemical compositions were correlated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relative contents of the oils and their fractions were evaluated by gas chromatography. Individual constituents in the oils were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Anti-inflammatory activity was accessed in the lipopolysaccharide-induced pleurisy model, by measuring the inhibition of total leukocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil migration in the mice pleural lavage, after oil treatment with the oils at 100 mg/kg. RESULTS Eosinophil migration was inhibited by SC (67%), SC (+V) (63%), PG (76%), PG (+V) (67%) and PG (-V) (74%). This efficacy was correlated with the presence of β-pinene and β-caryophyllene in the oils, a result that was reinforced by evaluating both these pure components (38 and 50% inhibition, respectively). Synergistic effects associated with the presence of α-pinene were speculated. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Essential oils from SC and PG may be useful to treat inflammatory diseases by mechanisms that include the inhibition of eosinophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C Siani
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Formagio ASN, Vieira MDC, Dos Santos LAC, Cardoso CAL, Foglio MA, de Carvalho JE, Andrade-Silva M, Kassuya CAL. Composition and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of the essential oil from Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hil. J Med Food 2013; 16:20-5. [PMID: 23297712 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil from the leaves of Annona sylvatica (EOAS) was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified in the EOAS were sesquiterpenes, such as hinesol, z-caryophyllene, β-maaliene, γ-gurjunene, silphiperfol-5-en-3-ol, ledol, cubecol-1-epi, and muurola-3,5-diene. Oral administration of the EOAS (20 and 200 mg/kg) and subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, reference drug) significantly inhibited carrageenan- and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mouse paw edema. The anticancer activity the EOAS showed growth inhibitory activity on all cell lines when administered in a high concentration. The EOAS inhibited the growth of human cancer cell lines with GI(50) values in the range of 36.04-45.37 μg/mL on all of the cell lines tested. This work describes for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of the essential oil of A. sylvatica and its composition. Considering that drugs currently available for the treatment of inflammatory and cancer conditions show undesirable side-effects, the present results may have clinical relevance and open new possibilities for the development of novel anti-inflammatory and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise S N Formagio
- Facultie of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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da Silva ER, Oliveira DR, Leitão SG, Assis IM, Veiga-Junior VF, Lourenço MC, Alviano DS, Alviano CS, Bizzo HR. Essential oils ofProtium spp. samples from Amazonian popular markets: chemical composition, physicochemical parameters and antimicrobial activity. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.751055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Machado RR, Jardim DF, Souza AR, Scio E, Fabri RL, Carpanez AG, Grazul RM, de Mendonça JPR, Lesche B, Aarestrup FM. The effect of essential oil of Syzygium cumini on the development of granulomatous infl ammation in mice. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013005000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Choi IY, Ju C, Anthony Jalin AM, Lee DI, Prather PL, Kim WK. Activation of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor–Mediated AMPK/CREB Pathway Reduces Cerebral Ischemic Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:928-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Katsuyama S, Mizoguchi H, Kuwahata H, Komatsu T, Nagaoka K, Nakamura H, Bagetta G, Sakurada T, Sakurada S. Involvement of peripheral cannabinoid and opioid receptors in β-caryophyllene-induced antinociception. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:664-75. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Mizoguchi
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy; Tohoku Pharmaceutical University; Sendai; Japan
| | - H. Kuwahata
- Department of Pharmacology; Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - T. Komatsu
- Department of Pharmacology; Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - K. Nagaoka
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy; Tohoku Pharmaceutical University; Sendai; Japan
| | - H. Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics; Tohoku Pharmaceutical University; Sendai; Japan
| | - G. Bagetta
- Department of Pharmacobiology and University Consortium for Adaptive Disorders and Headache (UCADH), Section of Neuropharmacology of Normal and Pathological Neuronal Plasticity; University of Calabria; Arcavacata di Rende; Italy
| | - T. Sakurada
- Department of Pharmacology; Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - S. Sakurada
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy; Tohoku Pharmaceutical University; Sendai; Japan
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Bae GS, Park KC, Choi SB, Jo IJ, Choi MO, Hong SH, Song K, Song HJ, Park SJ. Protective effects of alpha-pinene in mice with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Life Sci 2012; 91:866-71. [PMID: 22982349 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a complicated inflammatory disease that has an unknown underlying pathogenesis. Because alpha-pinene can modulate inflammation, we examined whether alpha-pinene plays a role in AP. MAIN METHODS Alpha-pinene was administered intraperitoneally 1h prior to the first injection of cerulein. Once AP developed, cerulein, a stable cholecystokinin analog, was injected hourly over a 6-h period. Blood samples were taken 6h later to determine serum amylase and lipase levels. The pancreas and lungs were rapidly removed for morphological examination, myeloperoxidase assay, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We also isolated the pancreatic acinar cells using a collagenase solution. Cell viability, and cytokine productions were measured in pancreatic acini. KEY FINDINGS Intraperitoneal administration of alpha-pinene reduced the pancreatic weight (PW) to body weight (BW) ratio and the serum levels of amylase and lipase. Alpha-pinene treatment also reduced histological damage and myeloperoxidase activity in the pancreas and lungs. Furthermore, alpha-pinene pretreatment reduced the production of pancreatic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 during cerulein-induced AP. In vitro, alpha-pinene inhibited cerulein-induced cell death and cytokine production in isolated cerulein-treated pancreatic acinar cells. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that alpha-pinene has an anti-inflammatory effect during cerulein-induced AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Sang Bae
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 540-749 Jeonbuk, South Korea
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Prieto JM, Ogunsina MO, Novak A, Joshi A, Kokai J, Rocha IDC, de Santayana MP. Comparative Study of the in vitro Bioactivities of Bupleurum rigidum and B. fruticescens. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoctions of the aerial parts of either Bupleurum rigidum or B. fruticescens are equally used in certain parts of Spain for the treatment of topical and musculoskeletal inflammations. In the present paper, their phytochemical profile and pharmacological value has been compared. After chromatographic and spectral analyses we could establish the presence of rutin and absence of chlorogenic acid in B. fruticescens, whilst the contrary applies to B. rigidum, providing a means to chemically differentiate extracts and dry materials from the two species. Their free radical scavenging and antiperoxidative activities were similar, with B. fruticescens being more active overall. The infusions of both Bupleurum species also showed similar anti-inflammatory activity when tested by NF-κB assay (40% and 42% at 60 μg·mL−1), as well as in a hexosaminidase exocytosis assay (30% at 50 μg·mL−1). Antimigratory effects on rat melanoma B16F10 showed significant activity for both infusions, with B. rigidum twice as potent as B. fruticescens, the activity of the latter not being fully explained by its content of rutin. Taking all these results together, we can conclude that, in the selected experimental models, there exist an in vitro bioequivalence of the infusions from both species, which is in agreement with the majority of ethnopharmacological reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Prieto
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Makanjuola O. Ogunsina
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Novak
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Joshi
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Kokai
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Da Costa Rocha
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Pardo de Santayana
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Guimarães AG, Quintans JSS, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Monoterpenes with Analgesic Activity-A Systematic Review. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1-15. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana G. Guimarães
- Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal de Sergipe (DFS/UFS); São Cristóvão SE Brazil
| | - Jullyana S. S. Quintans
- Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal de Sergipe (DFS/UFS); São Cristóvão SE Brazil
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Chao SC, Young DG, Oberg CJ. Screening for Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oils on Selected Bacteria, Fungi and Viruses. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2000.9712177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sue C. Chao
- a Young Living Essential Oil Company , Payson , UT 84651
| | - D. Gary Young
- a Young Living Essential Oil Company , Payson , UT 84651
| | - Craig J. Oberg
- b Department of Microbiology , Weber State University , Ogden , UT 84408-2506
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Muñoz O, Christen P, Cretton S, Barrero AF, Lara A, Herrador MM. Comparison of the Essential Oils of Leaves and Stem Bark from Two Different Populations of Drimys Winteri a Chilean Herbal Medicine. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of stem bark and leaves of Drimys winteri J.R. et G. Foster var. chilensis /DC A. Gray ( Winteraceae) from Chiloe Island (ID) and Continental Chile (Santiago) (CD) were studied by GC and GC/MS. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons constituted the main chemical groups in the stem bark oils, with α-santalene, trans-β-bergamotene and curcumenes as the major components. Monoterpenes constituted the main chemical groups in the leaves of Island plants with α-pinene (23.1%) β-pinene (43.6%) and linalool (10.5%) as the main components whereas sesquiterpenes (germacrene D 17.6%) and phenylpropanoids (safrole 20.8%) are the most abundant in the leaves of Continental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Muñoz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Phlippe Christen
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Silvian Cretton
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro F. Barrero
- Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Armando Lara
- Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M. Mar Herrador
- Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada, Spain
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Menichini F, Tundis R, Bonesi M, de Cindio B, Loizzo MR, Conforti F, Statti GA, Menabeni R, Bettini R, Menichini F. Chemical composition and bioactivity of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation, cold-pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:789-99. [PMID: 21337254 DOI: 10.1080/14786410902900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante peel obtained by hydrodistillation, cold-pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction techniques was determined by GC/MS analysis. Forty-six components were fully characterised. Limonene and γ-terpinene were the major components of the oils obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and cold-pressing (CP), while citropten was the major constituent in the oil obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were evaluated. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation exerted the highest inhibitory activity against BChE (IC₅₀ value of 154.6 µg mL⁻¹) and AChE (IC₅₀ value of 171.3 µg mL⁻¹. Interestingly, the oil obtained by cold-pressing exhibited a selective inhibitory activity against AChE. The essential oils have also been evaluated for the inhibition of NO production in LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The oil obtained by hydrodistillation exerted a significant inhibition of NO production with an IC₅₀ value of 17 µg mL⁻¹ (IC₅₀ of positive control 53 µg mL⁻¹).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
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Abstract
Objectives Radix Bupleuri represents one of the most successful and widely used herbal drugs in Asia for treatment of many diseases over the past 2000 years. Thorough studies have been carried out on many species of this genus and have generated immense data about the chemical composition and corresponding biological activity of extracts and isolated secondary metabolites. In this work, we review the chemistry and pharmacology of the genus Bupleurum and explore the relationships between the pharmacological effects and the chemical composition of these drugs. Key findings Early studies on the genus Bupleurum had focused only on the traditional uses of the plants in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and infectious diseases. After chemical profiling, several groups of secondary metabolites were characterized with relevant biological activity: triterpene saponins (saikosaponins), lignans, essential oils and polysaccharides. As a result, present interest is now focused on the bioactivity of the isolated triterpene saponins acting as immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory and antiviral agents, as well as on the observed ant‐iulcer activity of the polysaccharides and anti‐proliferative activity of different lignans. Many saikosaponins exhibited very potent anti‐inflammatory, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory activities both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Further investigations and screenings are required to explore other Bupleurum species, to evaluate the clinical safety and possible interactions with other drugs or herbs. Standardization of Bupleuri extracts is crucial for them being integrated into conventional medicine due to large chemical and biological variations between different species and varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Ashour
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg, Germany
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Pino JA. Essential Oil of Turnera Ulmifolia Leaves from Cuba. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000501128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the volatile compounds from the leaves of Turnera ulmifolia L. (Turneraceae) from Cuba was studied by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-four volatile compounds were identified, of which the major ones were β-caryophyllene (21.5%) and ( Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (18.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Pino
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Alimentaria, Carretera al Guatao km 3½, La Habana 19200, Cuba
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Apel MA, Lima MEL, Sobral M, Young MCM, Cordeiro I, Schapoval EES, Henriques AT, Moreno PRH. Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil from leaves of Myrciaria tenella and Calycorectes sellowianus. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:433-438. [PMID: 20645723 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903164386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The GC-MS analysis revealed that the leaf essential oils of Myrciaria tenella (DC.) Berg and Calycorectes sellowianus O. Berg (Myrtaceae) were composed of 34 and 37 compounds, respectively. The main constituents of M. tenella oil were beta-caryophyllene (25.1%), and spathulenol (9.7%), while for C. sellowianus were guaiol (13.1%) and beta-caryophyllene (8.6%). The anti-inflammatory effect of both essential oils was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Both oils reduced significantly (p < 0.005) the treated neutrophils chemotaxis with 93% and 91% inhibition for M. tenella and C. sellowianus, respectively. However, in the systemic treatment with the essential oils (50 mg/kg p.o.) only the M. tenella oil was able to significantly reduce the carrageenan-induced paw edema with a similar effect to that observed for indomethacin (10 mg/kg), the positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Apel
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Veiga VF, Zunino L, Patitucci ML, Pinto AC, Calixto JB. The inhibition of paw oedema formation caused by the oil of Copaifera multijuga Hayne and its fractions. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2006.tb01659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two oils exuded from a Copaifera multijuga Hayne tree (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae), collected from the same plant, but in different periods of the year, and the hexanic, dichloromethanic and methanolic fractions of one of these oils were analysed by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and HRGC coupled with mass spectrometry (HRGC-MS). In addition, the in-vivo preliminary anti-oedematogenic actions of the oil and some fractions of it were assessed against carrageenan- and bradykinin-induced oedema formation in the rat paw. Twenty-seven sesquiterpenes and six diterpenes were identified, β-caryophyllene, α-copaene and copalic acid being the main components. The dichloromethanic and methanolic fractions obtained from C. multijuga oil given by the intraperitoneal route caused a significant inhibition of paw oedema caused by carrageenan with inhibition of 49 ± 13% and 64 ± 9 %, respectively. Likewise, dexamethasone (the positive control drug) also greatly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema formation (60 ± 4% at 2 h). The hexanic fraction also significantly inhibited (50 ± 6%) the paw oedema formation caused by bradykinin. These results suggest the presence of still non-identified active terpene compounds in the oil of C. multijuga that exhibit anti-oedematogenic properties. Of note, the yield of these compounds and the pharmacological actions of the oil, exhibited great seasonal variations, a relevant aspect that should be carefully observed for the correct medicinal use of this plant by the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdir F Veiga
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21945-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciano Zunino
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900-Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Patitucci
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21945-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angelo C Pinto
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21945-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João B Calixto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900-Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Ashour ML, El-Readi M, Youns M, Mulyaningsih S, Sporer F, Efferth T, Wink M. Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil obtained from Bupleurum marginatum (Apiaceae). J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.08.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Bupleurum marginatum is a herb indigenous to the southern and southwestern part of China. It is widely used in many Chinese prescriptions. We aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and in-vitro cytotoxic activity of the hydrodistilled and extracted essential oil from B. marginatum to validate some of its ethnopharmacologial uses.
Methods
The essential oil of the aerial parts of B. marginatum was analysed by capillary gas chromatography (GLC/FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC/MS). The ability of the oil to reduce diphenylpicrylhydrazine (DPPH•) and to prevent the degradation of deoxyribose were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Inhibition of both prostaglandin E2 production and lipoxygenase were used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity. Antimicrobial activity was studied in vitro against a range of bacteria and fungi. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil on six human cancer cell lines (HepG2, Caco-2, CCRF-CEM, HeLa, MiaPaCa-2 and MCF-7) was examined using the MTT assay.
Key findings
Seventy-two components, comprising almost 94.29% of the total peak area, were identified in the analysis. The main components were tridecane (13.18%), undecane (10.42%), pentadecane (8.71%), β-caryophyllene (5.53%) and β-caryophyllene oxide (5.29%). The ability of the oil to reduce diphenylpicrylhydrazine (DPPH•) and to prevent the degradation of deoxyribose were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the corresponding IC50 values (drug concentration which resulted in a 50% reduction in inhibition of the activity) were found to be 3.66 mg/ml and 17.4 μg/ml, respectively. Inhibition of both prostaglandin E2 production and lipoxygenase were used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 of 63.64 μg/ml for lipoxygenase, 26.04% inhibition of prostaglandin E2 at 25 μg/ml dose). The oil also showed a significant in-vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram positive pathogens (Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.125 up to 4.00 mg/ml. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil on six human cancer cell lines (HepG2, Caco-2, CCRF-CEM, HeLa, MiaPaCa-2 and MCF-7) examined using the MTT assay revealed the highest activity to be in the CCRF-CEM cell line with an IC50 (concentration which resulted in a 50% reduction in cell viability) of 46.01 μg/ml after 24 h treatment.
Conclusions
The essential oil of B. marginatum exhibited a promising anti-inflammatory activity along with strong cytotoxicity against many cancer cells (CCRF-CEM and HepG2) mediated through induction of apoptosis, and this in-vitro activity make its local traditional uses rational. However, its limited antimicrobial activity indicates that a combination with other drugs is essential for effective use. Further selectivity testing is required to evaluate the effect of the oil against normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Ashour
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud El-Readi
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Youns
- Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sri Mulyaningsih
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Sporer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Pharmaceutical Biology (C015), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Laouer H, Hirèche-Adjal Y, Prado S, Boulaacheb N, Akkal S, Singh G, Singh P, Isidorov VA, Szczepaniak L. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Bupleurum montanum and B. plantagineum. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900401130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrodistilled oils from the aerial parts of Bupleurum montanum and B. plantagineum, which are endemic to North Africa, including Algeria, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ninety-eight compounds were detected in the oil of B. montanum, representing 98.6% of the total oil, and 68 in the oil of B. plantagineum, representing 99.8% of the total. Megastigma-4,6-(E),8(2)-triene was the major constituent of B. montana oil (25.3%). Other important compounds were myrcene, α-pinene and benzyl tiglate. Conversely, the major constituents of the oil of B. plantagineum were α-pinene (31.9%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (28.2%), and myrcene (24.8%), followed by the monoterpene hydrocarbon limonene (5.1%). The mutagenic, antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were individually evaluated against eleven microorganisms, using the agar diffusion method, by determination of MIC values. The investigated oils exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity. Maximum activity of the oils was observed against Nocardia asteroides, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Fungicidal activity against Candida albicans was also found for both oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocine Laouer
- Laboratory of Natural Resources Valorization, Department of Biology, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif, Algeria
| | | | - Soizic Prado
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Molécule de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, FRE 3206 CNRS/MNHN 63 rue Buffon 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nacira Boulaacheb
- Laboratory of Natural Resources Valorization, Department of Biology, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Salah Akkal
- University of Constantine, Faculty of Sciences - Department of Chemistry, Algeria
| | - Gurdip Singh
- Chemistry Department, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, India
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Chemistry Department, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, India
| | - Valery A. Isidorov
- Institute of Chemistry, Bialystok University, U1, Hurtowa 1, 15-399, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lech Szczepaniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Bialystok University, U1, Hurtowa 1, 15-399, Bialystok, Poland
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Zoghbi MDGB, Andrade EH, Martins-da-Silva RC, Trigo JR. Chemical Variation in the Volatiles ofCopaifera reticulataDucke (Leguminosae) Growing Wild in the States of Pará and Amapá, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2009.9700228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhao C, Zeng Y, Wan M, Li R, Liang Y, Li C, Zeng Z, Chau FT. Comparative analysis of essential oils from eight herbal medicines with pungent flavor and cool nature by GC-MS and chemometric resolution methods. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:660-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gertsch J, Leonti M, Raduner S, Racz I, Chen JZ, Xie XQ, Altmann KH, Karsak M, Zimmer A. Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:9099-104. [PMID: 18574142 PMCID: PMC2449371 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803601105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychoactive cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. and the arachidonic acid-derived endocannabinoids are nonselective natural ligands for cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB(1)) and CB(2) receptors. Although the CB(1) receptor is responsible for the psychomodulatory effects, activation of the CB(2) receptor is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammation, pain, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis. Here, we report that the widespread plant volatile (E)-beta-caryophyllene [(E)-BCP] selectively binds to the CB(2) receptor (K(i) = 155 +/- 4 nM) and that it is a functional CB(2) agonist. Intriguingly, (E)-BCP is a common constituent of the essential oils of numerous spice and food plants and a major component in Cannabis. Molecular docking simulations have identified a putative binding site of (E)-BCP in the CB(2) receptor, showing ligand pi-pi stacking interactions with residues F117 and W258. Upon binding to the CB(2) receptor, (E)-BCP inhibits adenylate cylcase, leads to intracellular calcium transients and weakly activates the mitogen-activated kinases Erk1/2 and p38 in primary human monocytes. (E)-BCP (500 nM) inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in peripheral blood and attenuates LPS-stimulated Erk1/2 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation in monocytes. Furthermore, peroral (E)-BCP at 5 mg/kg strongly reduces the carrageenan-induced inflammatory response in wild-type mice but not in mice lacking CB(2) receptors, providing evidence that this natural product exerts cannabimimetic effects in vivo. These results identify (E)-BCP as a functional nonpsychoactive CB(2) receptor ligand in foodstuff and as a macrocyclic antiinflammatory cannabinoid in Cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Chao LK, Hua KF, Hsu HY, Cheng SS, Lin IF, Chen CJ, Chen ST, Chang ST. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion from monocytes/macrophages through suppression of intracellular signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:220-31. [PMID: 17868967 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of Cinnamaldehyde, a cytokine production inhibitor isolated from an essential oil produced from the leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh, and its mechanism of action. Although Cinnamaldehyde has been reported to have contact sensitizing properties at high concentration (mM), we found that low concentration of Cinnamaldehyde (muM) inhibited the secretion of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha within lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) stimulated murine J774A.1 macrophages. Cinnamaldehyde also suppressed the production of these cytokines from LPS stimulated human blood monocytes derived primary macrophages and human THP-1 monocytes. Furthermore, Cinnamaldehyde also inhibited the production of prointerleukin-1beta within LPS or LTA stimulated human THP-1 monocytes. Reactive oxygen species release from LPS stimulated J774A.1 macrophages was reduced by Cinnamaldehyde. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 induced by LPS was also inhibited by Cinnamaldehyde; however, Cinnamaldehyde neither antagonize the binding of LPS to the cells nor alter the cell surface expression of toll-like receptor 4 and CD14. In addition, we also noted that Cinnamaldehyde appeared to elicit no cytotoxic effect upon J774A.1 macrophages under our experimental conditions, although Cinnamaldehyde reduced J774A.1 macrophages proliferation as analysed by MTT assay. Our current results have demonstrated the anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory properties of Cinnamaldehyde that could provide the possibility for Cinnamaldehyde's future pharmaceutical application in the realm of immuno-modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Kuoping Chao
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Li XQ, He ZG, Bi KS, Song ZH, Xu L. Essential Oil Analyses of The Root Oils Of 10BupleurumSpecies From China. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2007.9699268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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