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Kebschull JM, Casoni F, Consalez GG, Goldowitz D, Hawkes R, Ruigrok TJH, Schilling K, Wingate R, Wu J, Yeung J, Uusisaari MY. Cerebellum Lecture: the Cerebellar Nuclei-Core of the Cerebellum. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:620-677. [PMID: 36781689 PMCID: PMC10951048 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum is a key player in many brain functions and a major topic of neuroscience research. However, the cerebellar nuclei (CN), the main output structures of the cerebellum, are often overlooked. This neglect is because research on the cerebellum typically focuses on the cortex and tends to treat the CN as relatively simple output nuclei conveying an inverted signal from the cerebellar cortex to the rest of the brain. In this review, by adopting a nucleocentric perspective we aim to rectify this impression. First, we describe CN anatomy and modularity and comprehensively integrate CN architecture with its highly organized but complex afferent and efferent connectivity. This is followed by a novel classification of the specific neuronal classes the CN comprise and speculate on the implications of CN structure and physiology for our understanding of adult cerebellar function. Based on this thorough review of the adult literature we provide a comprehensive overview of CN embryonic development and, by comparing cerebellar structures in various chordate clades, propose an interpretation of CN evolution. Despite their critical importance in cerebellar function, from a clinical perspective intriguingly few, if any, neurological disorders appear to primarily affect the CN. To highlight this curious anomaly, and encourage future nucleocentric interpretations, we build on our review to provide a brief overview of the various syndromes in which the CN are currently implicated. Finally, we summarize the specific perspectives that a nucleocentric view of the cerebellum brings, move major outstanding issues in CN biology to the limelight, and provide a roadmap to the key questions that need to be answered in order to create a comprehensive integrated model of CN structure, function, development, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus M Kebschull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Filippo Casoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - G Giacomo Consalez
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Goldowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Richard Hawkes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tom J H Ruigrok
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karl Schilling
- Department of Anatomy, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53115, Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Richard Wingate
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joanna Yeung
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marylka Yoe Uusisaari
- Neuronal Rhythms in Movement Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Kunigami-Gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
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2
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Shao M, Zhang Q, Truong A, Shan B, Vishvanath L, Li L, Seale P, Gupta RK. ZFP423 controls EBF2 coactivator recruitment and PPARγ occupancy to determine the thermogenic plasticity of adipocytes. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1461-1474. [PMID: 34620682 PMCID: PMC8559675 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348780.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Energy-storing white adipocytes maintain their identity by suppressing the energy-burning thermogenic gene program of brown and beige adipocytes. Here, we reveal that the protein-protein interaction between the transcriptional coregulator ZFP423 and brown fat determination factor EBF2 is essential for restraining the thermogenic phenotype of white adipose tissue (WAT). Disruption of the ZFP423-EBF2 protein interaction through CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing triggers widespread "browning" of WAT in adult mice. Mechanistically, ZFP423 recruits the NuRD corepressor complex to EBF2-bound thermogenic gene enhancers. Loss of adipocyte Zfp423 induces an EBF2 NuRD-to-BAF coregulator switch and a shift in PPARγ occupancy to thermogenic genes. This shift in PPARγ occupancy increases the antidiabetic efficacy of the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone in obesity while diminishing the unwanted weight-gaining effect of the drug. These data indicate that ZFP423 controls EBF2 coactivator recruitment and PPARγ occupancy to determine the thermogenic plasticity of adipocytes and highlight the potential of therapeutically targeting transcriptional brakes to induce beige adipocyte biogenesis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ashley Truong
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Bo Shan
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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3
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Stokman MF, Saunier S, Benmerah A. Renal Ciliopathies: Sorting Out Therapeutic Approaches for Nephronophthisis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653138. [PMID: 34055783 PMCID: PMC8155538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy and a major cause of end-stage renal disease in children. The main forms, juvenile and adult NPH, are characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis whereas the infantile form is more severe and characterized by cysts. NPH is caused by mutations in over 20 different genes, most of which encode components of the primary cilium, an organelle in which important cellular signaling pathways converge. Ciliary signal transduction plays a critical role in kidney development and tissue homeostasis, and disruption of ciliary signaling has been associated with cyst formation, epithelial cell dedifferentiation and kidney function decline. Drugs have been identified that target specific signaling pathways (for example cAMP/PKA, Hedgehog, and mTOR pathways) and rescue NPH phenotypes in in vitro and/or in vivo models. Despite identification of numerous candidate drugs in rodent models, there has been a lack of clinical trials and there is currently no therapy that halts disease progression in NPH patients. This review covers the most important findings of therapeutic approaches in NPH model systems to date, including hypothesis-driven therapies and untargeted drug screens, approached from the pathophysiology of NPH. Importantly, most animal models used in these studies represent the cystic infantile form of NPH, which is less prevalent than the juvenile form. It appears therefore important to develop new models relevant for juvenile/adult NPH. Alternative non-orthologous animal models and developments in patient-based in vitro model systems are discussed, as well as future directions in personalized therapy for NPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn F Stokman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
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4
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Casoni F, Croci L, Vincenti F, Podini P, Riba M, Massimino L, Cremona O, Consalez GG. ZFP423 regulates early patterning and multiciliogenesis in the hindbrain choroid plexus. Development 2020; 147:dev.190173. [PMID: 33046507 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is a secretory tissue that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secreted into the ventricular system. It is a monolayer of secretory, multiciliated epithelial cells derived from neuroepithelial progenitors and overlying a stroma of mesenchymal cells of mesodermal origin. Zfp423, which encodes a Kruppel-type zinc-finger transcription factor essential for cerebellar development and mutated in rare cases of cerebellar vermis hypoplasia/Joubert syndrome and other ciliopathies, is expressed in the hindbrain roof plate, from which the IV ventricle ChP arises, and, later, in mesenchymal cells, which give rise to the stroma and leptomeninges. Mouse Zfp423 mutants display a marked reduction of the hindbrain ChP (hChP), which: (1) fails to express established markers of its secretory function and genes implicated in its development and maintenance (Lmx1a and Otx2); (2) shows a perturbed expression of signaling pathways previously unexplored in hChP patterning (Wnt3); and (3) displays a lack of multiciliated epithelial cells and a profound dysregulation of master genes of multiciliogenesis (Gmnc). Our results propose that Zfp423 is a master gene and one of the earliest known determinants of hChP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Casoni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy .,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Laura Croci
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | | | - Paola Podini
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Michela Riba
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - G Giacomo Consalez
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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5
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Strain-Dependent Modifier Genes Determine Survival in Zfp423 Mice. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:4241-4247. [PMID: 32967895 PMCID: PMC7642944 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zfp423 encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein that interacts with canonical signaling and lineage pathways. Mutations in mouse Zfp423 or its human ortholog ZNF423 are associated with a range of developmental abnormalities reminiscent of ciliopathies, including cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and other midline brain defects. Null mice have reduced viability in most strain backgrounds. Here we show complete lethality on a C57BL/6J background, dominant rescue in backcrosses to any of 13 partner strains, with strain-dependent survival frequencies, and evidence for a BALB/c-derived survival modifier locus on chromosome 5. Survival data indicate both perinatal and postnatal periods of lethality. Anatomical data from a hypomorphic gene trap allele observed on both C57BL/6J and BALB/c congenic backgrounds shows an aggregate effect of background on sensitivity to Zfp423 loss rather than a binary effect on viability.
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6
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Xin W, Zhang M, Yu Y, Li S, Ma C, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zheng X, Zhang L, Zhao X, Pei X, Zhu D. BCAT1 binds the RNA-binding protein ZNF423 to activate autophagy via the IRE1-XBP-1-RIDD axis in hypoxic PASMCs. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:764. [PMID: 32938905 PMCID: PMC7494854 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal functional changes in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells are the main causes of many lung diseases. Among, autophagy plays a crucial role. However, the specific molecular regulatory mechanism of autophagy in PASMCs remains unclear. Here, we first demonstrate that BCAT1 played a key role in the autophagy of hypoxic PASMCs and hypoxic model rats. BCAT1-induced activation and accumulation of the autophagy signaling proteins BECN1 and Atg5 by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Interestingly, we discovered that BCAT1 bound IRE1 on the ER to activate expression of its downstream pathway XBP-1-RIDD axis to activate autophagy. More importantly, we identified an RNA-binding protein, zinc finger protein 423, which promoted autophagy by binding adenylate/uridylate (AU)-rich elements in the BCAT1 mRNA 3′-untranslated region. Overall, our results identify BCAT1 as a potential therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of lung diseases and reveal a novel posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism and signaling pathway in hypoxia-induced PASMC autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Songlin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, P.R. China
| | - Cui Ma
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Junting Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Genetic and Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xuzhong Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Daling Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China. .,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China. .,State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.
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7
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Son W, Choi KW. The Classic Lobe Eye Phenotype of Drosophila Is Caused by Transposon Insertion-Induced Misexpression of a Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor. Genetics 2020; 216:117-134. [PMID: 32641295 PMCID: PMC7463288 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Lobe (L) alleles were first discovered ∼100 years ago as spontaneous dominant mutants with characteristic developmental eye defects. However, the molecular basis for L dominant eye phenotypes has not been clearly understood. A previous work reported identification of CG10109/PRAS40 as the L gene, but subsequent analyses suggested that PRAS40 may not be related to L Here, we revisited the L gene to clarify this discrepancy and understand the basis for the dominance of L mutations. Genetic analysis localized the L gene to Oaz, which encodes a homolog of the vertebrate zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423) family transcriptional regulators. We demonstrate that RNAi knockdown of Oaz almost completely restores all L dominant alleles tested. Lrev6-3 , a revertant allele of the L2 dominant eye phenotype, has an inframe deletion in the Oaz coding sequence. Molecular analysis of L dominant mutants identified allele-specific insertions of natural transposons (roo[ ]L1 , hopper[ ]L5 , and roo[ ]Lr ) or alterations of a preexisting transposon (L2 -specific mutations in roo[ ]Mohr) in the Oaz region. In addition, we generated additional L2 -reversion alleles by CRISPR targeting at Oaz These new loss-of-function Oaz mutations suppress the dominant L eye phenotype. Oaz protein is not expressed in wild-type eye disc but is expressed ectopically in L2/+ mutant eye disc. We induced male recombination between Oaz-GAL4 insertions and the L2 mutation through homologous recombination. By using the L2 -recombined GAL4 reporters, we show that Oaz-GAL4 is expressed ectopically in L2 eye imaginal disc. Taken together, our data suggest that neomorphic L eye phenotypes are likely due to misregulation of Oaz by spontaneous transposon insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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8
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Deshpande O, Lara RZ, Zhang OR, Concepcion D, Hamilton BA. ZNF423 patient variants, truncations, and in-frame deletions in mice define an allele-dependent range of midline brain abnormalities. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009017. [PMID: 32925911 PMCID: PMC7515201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpreting rare variants remains a challenge in personal genomics, especially for disorders with several causal genes and for genes that cause multiple disorders. ZNF423 encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein that intersects several developmental pathways. ZNF423 has been implicated in rare neurodevelopmental disorders, consistent with midline brain defects in Zfp423-mutant mice, but pathogenic potential of most patient variants remains uncertain. We engineered ~50 patient-derived and small deletion variants into the highly-conserved mouse ortholog and examined neuroanatomical measures for 791 littermate pairs. Three substitutions previously asserted pathogenic appeared benign, while a fourth was effectively null. Heterozygous premature termination codon (PTC) variants showed mild haploabnormality, consistent with loss-of-function intolerance inferred from human population data. In-frame deletions of specific zinc fingers showed mild to moderate abnormalities, as did low-expression variants. These results affirm the need for functional validation of rare variants in biological context and demonstrate cost-effective modeling of neuroanatomical abnormalities in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojas Deshpande
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Raquel Z. Lara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Oliver R. Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Concepcion
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Hamilton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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9
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Merienne N, Meunier C, Schneider A, Seguin J, Nair SS, Rocher AB, Le Gras S, Keime C, Faull R, Pellerin L, Chatton JY, Neri C, Merienne K, Déglon N. Cell-Type-Specific Gene Expression Profiling in Adult Mouse Brain Reveals Normal and Disease-State Signatures. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2477-2493.e9. [PMID: 30811995 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of brain cell-type-specific functions and profiles in pathological and non-pathological contexts is still poorly defined. Such cell-type-specific gene expression profiles in solid, adult tissues would benefit from approaches that avoid cellular stress during isolation. Here, we developed such an approach and identified highly selective transcriptomic signatures in adult mouse striatal direct and indirect spiny projection neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Integrating transcriptomic and epigenetic data, we obtained a comprehensive model for cell-type-specific regulation of gene expression in the mouse striatum. A cross-analysis with transcriptomic and epigenomic data generated from mouse and human Huntington's disease (HD) brains shows that opposite epigenetic mechanisms govern the transcriptional regulation of striatal neurons and glial cells and may contribute to pathogenic and compensatory mechanisms. Overall, these data validate this less stressful method for the investigation of cellular specificity in the adult mouse brain and demonstrate the potential of integrative studies using multiple databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Merienne
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Neuroscience Research Center, LNTM, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Meunier
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroenergetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Schneider
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7364, Laboratory of Cognitive and Adaptive Neuroscience, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jonathan Seguin
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7364, Laboratory of Cognitive and Adaptive Neuroscience, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Satish S Nair
- Sorbonnes Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging, Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Anne B Rocher
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Le Gras
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, UMR 7104, Microarray and Sequencing Platform, Institute of Genetic and Molecular and Cellular Biology, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Céline Keime
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, UMR 7104, Microarray and Sequencing Platform, Institute of Genetic and Molecular and Cellular Biology, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Richard Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroenergetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Yves Chatton
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Cellular Imaging Facility, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Neri
- Sorbonnes Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging, Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Karine Merienne
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7364, Laboratory of Cognitive and Adaptive Neuroscience, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Neuroscience Research Center, LNTM, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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Paul JL, Dashtipour K, Chen Z, Wang C. DNA methylome study of human cerebellar tissues identified genes and pathways possibly involved in essential tremor. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:221-234. [PMID: 31886034 PMCID: PMC6927097 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Essential tremor (ET) is a neurological syndrome of unknown origin with poorly understood etiology and pathogenesis. It is suggested that the cerebellum and its tracts may be involved in the pathophysiology of ET. DNA methylome interrogation of cerebellar tissue may help shine some light on the understanding of the mechanism of the development of ET. Our study used postmortem human cerebellum tissue samples collected from 12 ET patients and 11 matched non-ET controls for DNA methylome study to identify differentially methylated genes in ET. Results Using Nugen’s Ovation reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), we identified 753 genes encompassing 938 CpG sites with significant differences in DNA methylation between the ET and the control group. Identified genes were further analyzed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) by which we identified certain significant pathways, upstream regulators, diseases and functions, and networks associated with ET. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that there are significant differences in DNA methylation patterns between the ET and control samples, suggesting that the methylation alteration of certain genes in the cerebellum may be associated with ET pathogenesis. The identified genes allude to the GABAergic hypothesis which supports the notation that ET is a neurodegenerative disease, particularly involving the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Paul
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Khashayar Dashtipour
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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11
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Baker E, Sims R, Leonenko G, Frizzati A, Harwood JC, Grozeva D, Morgan K, Passmore P, Holmes C, Powell J, Brayne C, Gill M, Mead S, Bossù P, Spalletta G, Goate AM, Cruchaga C, Maier W, Heun R, Jessen F, Peters O, Dichgans M, FröLich L, Ramirez A, Jones L, Hardy J, Ivanov D, Hill M, Holmans P, Allen ND, Morgan BP, Seshadri S, Schellenberg GD, Amouyel P, Williams J, Escott-Price V. Gene-based analysis in HRC imputed genome wide association data identifies three novel genes for Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218111. [PMID: 31283791 PMCID: PMC6613773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Late onset Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia for which about 30 susceptibility loci have been reported. The aim of the current study is to identify novel genes associated with Alzheimer's disease using the largest up-to-date reference single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel, the most accurate imputation software and a novel gene-based analysis approach which tests for patterns of association within genes, in the powerful genome-wide association dataset of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project Consortium, comprising over 7 million genotypes from 17,008 Alzheimer's cases and 37,154 controls. In addition to earlier reported genes, we detected three novel gene-wide significant loci PPARGC1A (p = 2.2 × 10-6), RORA (p = 7.4 × 10-7) and ZNF423 (p = 2.1 × 10-6). PPARGC1A and RORA are involved in circadian rhythm; circadian disturbances are one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. PPARGC1A is additionally linked to energy metabolism and the generation of amyloid beta plaques. RORA is involved in a variety of functions apart from circadian rhythm, such as cholesterol metabolism and inflammation. The ZNF423 gene resides in an Alzheimer's disease-specific protein network and is likely involved with centrosomes and DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Baker
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Aura Frizzati
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Janet C. Harwood
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Detelina Grozeva
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Building A27, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Holmes
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Gill
- Mercer’s Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alison M. Goate
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, 80336, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Lutz FröLich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lesley Jones
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dobril Ivanov
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hill
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D. Allen
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - B. Paul Morgan
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille University Hospital, Institut Pasteur de Lille, LabEx DISTALZ-UMR1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Williams
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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12
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Addison WN, Hall KC, Kokabu S, Matsubara T, Fu MM, Gori F, Baron R. Zfp423 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00447-18. [PMID: 30692273 PMCID: PMC6447414 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00447-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are skeletal muscle stem cells that proliferate in response to injury and provide myogenic precursors for growth and repair. Zfp423 is a transcriptional cofactor expressed in multiple immature cell populations, such as neuronal precursors, mesenchymal stem cells, and preadipocytes, where it regulates lineage allocation, proliferation, and differentiation. Here, we show that Zfp423 regulates myogenic progression during muscle regeneration. Zfp423 is undetectable in quiescent SCs but becomes expressed during SC activation. After expansion, Zfp423 is gradually downregulated as committed SCs terminally differentiate. Mice with satellite-cell-specific Zfp423 deletion exhibit severely impaired muscle regeneration following injury, with aberrant SC expansion, defective cell cycle exit, and failure to transition efficiently from the proliferative stage toward commitment. Consistent with a cell-autonomous role of Zfp423, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Zfp423 in myoblasts inhibits differentiation. Surprisingly, forced expression of Zfp423 in myoblasts induces differentiation into adipocytes and arrests myogenesis. Affinity purification of Zfp423 in myoblasts identified Satb2 as a nuclear partner of Zfp423 that cooperatively enhances Zfp423 transcriptional activity, which in turn affects myoblast differentiation. In conclusion, by controlling SC expansion and proliferation, Zfp423 is essential for muscle regeneration. Tight regulation of Zfp423 expression is essential for normal progression of muscle progenitors from proliferation to differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/cytology
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Development/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Regeneration/physiology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/metabolism
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Wound Healing
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Addison
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine C Hall
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Martin M Fu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca Gori
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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The Transcriptional Regulator SnoN Promotes the Proliferation of Cerebellar Granule Neuron Precursors in the Postnatal Mouse Brain. J Neurosci 2018; 39:44-62. [PMID: 30425119 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0688-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of neuronal precursor cell proliferation is essential for normal brain development, and deregulation of this fundamental developmental event contributes to brain diseases. Typically, neuronal precursor cell proliferation extends over long periods of time during brain development. However, how neuronal precursor proliferation is regulated in a temporally specific manner remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that conditional KO of the transcriptional regulator SnoN in cerebellar granule neuron precursors robustly inhibits the proliferation of these cells and promotes their cell cycle exit at later stages of cerebellar development in the postnatal male and female mouse brain. In laser capture microdissection followed by RNA-Seq, designed to profile gene expression specifically in the external granule layer of the cerebellum, we find that SnoN promotes the expression of cell proliferation genes and concomitantly represses differentiation genes in granule neuron precursors in vivo Remarkably, bioinformatics analyses reveal that SnoN-regulated genes contain binding sites for the transcription factors N-myc and Pax6, which promote the proliferation and differentiation of granule neuron precursors, respectively. Accordingly, we uncover novel physical interactions of SnoN with N-myc and Pax6 in cells. In behavior analyses, conditional KO of SnoN impairs cerebellar-dependent learning in a delayed eye-blink conditioning paradigm, suggesting that SnoN-regulation of granule neuron precursor proliferation bears functional consequences at the organismal level. Our findings define a novel function and mechanism for the major transcriptional regulator SnoN in the control of granule neuron precursor proliferation in the mammalian brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study reports the discovery that the transcriptional regulator SnoN plays a crucial role in the proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors in the postnatal mouse brain. Conditional KO of SnoN in granule neuron precursors robustly inhibits the proliferation of these cells and promotes their cycle exit specifically at later stages of cerebellar development, with biological consequences of impaired cerebellar-dependent learning. Genomics and bioinformatics analyses reveal that SnoN promotes the expression of cell proliferation genes and concomitantly represses cell differentiation genes in vivo Although SnoN has been implicated in distinct aspects of the development of postmitotic neurons, this study identifies a novel function for SnoN in neuronal precursors in the mammalian brain.
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14
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Zinc Finger Protein 521 Regulates Early Hematopoiesis through Cell-Extrinsic Mechanisms in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00603-17. [PMID: 29915154 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00603-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 521 (ZFP521), a DNA-binding protein containing 30 Krüppel-like zinc fingers, has been implicated in the differentiation of multiple cell types, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and B lymphocytes. Here, we report a novel role for ZFP521 in regulating the earliest stages of hematopoiesis and lymphoid cell development via a cell-extrinsic mechanism. Mice with inactivated Zfp521 genes (Zfp521-/-) possess reduced frequencies and numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, common lymphoid progenitors, and B and T cell precursors. Notably, ZFP521 deficiency changes bone marrow microenvironment cytokine levels and gene expression within resident HSPC, consistent with a skewing of hematopoiesis away from lymphopoiesis. These results advance our understanding of ZFP521's role in normal hematopoiesis, justifying further research to assess its potential as a target for cancer therapies.
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15
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Shao M, Gupta RK. Transcriptional brakes on the road to adipocyte thermogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:20-28. [PMID: 29800720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
White adipocytes represent the principle site for energy storage whereas brown/beige adipocytes emerge from seemingly distinct cellular lineages and burn chemical energy to produce heat. Thermogenic adipocytes utilize cell-type selective master regulatory transcription factors to drive the expression of their adipocyte thermogenic gene program. White adipocytes harbor transcriptional mechanisms to suppress the thermogenic gene program and maintain an energy-storing function. Here, we summarize some of the key developmental and transcriptional mechanisms leading to the postnatal recruitment of thermogenic adipocytes under physiological conditions, with a particular emphasis on the transcriptional "brakes" on the thermogenic gene program. We highlight a number of recent studies, including our own work on the transcription factor, ZFP423, that illustrate the potential to engineer the subcutaneous and visceral white fat lineages to adopt a thermogenic fat cell fate by releasing the inhibition of the adipocyte thermogenic gene program. These transcriptional brakes on adipocyte thermogenesis may represent potential targets of therapeutic interventions designed to combat obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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16
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Schilling K. Moving into shape: cell migration during the development and histogenesis of the cerebellum. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:13-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Massimino L, Flores-Garcia L, Di Stefano B, Colasante G, Icoresi-Mazzeo C, Zaghi M, Hamilton BA, Sessa A. TBR2 antagonizes retinoic acid dependent neuronal differentiation by repressing Zfp423 during corticogenesis. Dev Biol 2018; 434:231-248. [PMID: 29305158 PMCID: PMC7032051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During cerebral cortex development, neural progenitors are required to elaborate a variety of cell differentiation signals to which they are continuously exposed. RA acid is a potent inducer of neuronal differentiation as it was found to influence cortical development. We report herein that TBR2, a transcription factor specific to Intermediate (Basal) Neural Progenitors (INPs), represses activation of the RA responsive element and expression of RA target genes in cell lines. This repressive action on RA signaling was functionally confirmed by the decrease of RA-mediated neuronal differentiation in neural stem cells stably overexpressing TBR2. In vivo mapping of RA activity in the developing cortex indicated that RA activity is detected in radial glial cells and subsequently downregulated in INPs, revealing a fine cell-type specific regulation of its signaling. Thus, TBR2 might be a molecular player in opposing RA signaling in INPs. Interestingly, this negative regulation is achieved at least in part by directly repressing the critical nuclear RA co-factor ZFP423. Indeed, we found ZFP423 to be expressed in the developing cortex and promote RA-dependent neuronal differentiation. These data indicate that TBR2 contributes to suppressing RA signaling in INPs, thereby enabling them to re-enter the cell cycle and delay neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Massimino
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lisbeth Flores-Garcia
- Departments of Cellular&Molecular Medicine and Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0644, USA
| | - Bruno Di Stefano
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Colasante
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Icoresi-Mazzeo
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Zaghi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruce A Hamilton
- Departments of Cellular&Molecular Medicine and Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0644, USA
| | - Alessandro Sessa
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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18
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Bond HM, Scicchitano S, Chiarella E, Amodio N, Lucchino V, Aloisio A, Montalcini Y, Mesuraca M, Morrone G. ZNF423: A New Player in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:255. [PMID: 29867779 PMCID: PMC5968090 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventive therapy can target hormone-responsive breast cancer (BC) by treatment with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and reduce the incidence of BC. Genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with relevant predictive values, SNPs in the ZNF423 gene were associated with decreased risk of BC during SERM therapy, and SNPs in the Cathepsin O gene with an increased risk. ZNF423, which was not previously associated with BC is a multifunctional transcription factor known to have a role in development, neurogenesis, and adipogenesis and is implicated in other types of cancer. ZNF423 is transcriptionally controlled by the homolog ZNF521, early B cell factor transcription factor, epigenetic silencing of the promoter by CpG island hyper-methylation, and also by ZNF423 itself in an auto-regulatory loop. In BC cells, ZNF423 expression is found to be induced by estrogen, dependent on the binding of the estrogen receptor and calmodulin-like 3 to SNPs in ZNP423 intronic sites in proximity to consensus estrogen response elements. ZNF423 has also been shown to play a mechanistic role by trans-activating the tumor suppressor BRCA1 and thus modulating the DNA damage response. Even though recent extensive trial studies did not classify these SNPs with the highest predictive values, for inclusion in polygenic SNP analysis, the mechanism unveiled in these studies has introduced ZNF423 as a factor important in the control of the estrogen response. Here, we aim at providing an overview of ZNF423 expression and functional role in human malignancies, with a specific focus on its implication in hormone-responsive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Bond
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Heather M. Bond, ; Maria Mesuraca, ; Giovanni Morrone,
| | - Stefania Scicchitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucchino
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ylenia Montalcini
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Heather M. Bond, ; Maria Mesuraca, ; Giovanni Morrone,
| | - Giovanni Morrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Heather M. Bond, ; Maria Mesuraca, ; Giovanni Morrone,
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19
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Secco B, Camiré É, Brière MA, Caron A, Billong A, Gélinas Y, Lemay AM, Tharp KM, Lee PL, Gobeil S, Guimond JV, Patey N, Guertin DA, Stahl A, Haddad É, Marsolais D, Bossé Y, Birsoy K, Laplante M. Amplification of Adipogenic Commitment by VSTM2A. Cell Rep 2017; 18:93-106. [PMID: 28052263 PMCID: PMC5551894 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in our comprehension of the mechanisms regulating adipose tissue development, the nature of the factors that functionally characterize adipose precursors is still elusive. Defining the early steps regulating adipocyte development is needed for the generation of tools to control adipose tissue size and function. Here, we report the discovery of V-set and transmembrane domain containing 2A (VSTM2A) as a protein expressed and secreted by committed preadipocytes. VSTM2A expression is elevated in the early phases of adipogenesis in vitro and adipose tissue development in vivo. We show that VSTM2A-producing cells associate with the vasculature and express the common surface markers of adipocyte progenitors. Overexpression of VSTM2A induces adipogenesis, whereas its depletion impairs this process. VSTM2A controls preadipocyte determination at least in part by modulating BMP signaling and PPARγ2 activation. We propose a model in which VSTM2A is produced to preserve and amplify the adipogenic capability of adipose precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Secco
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Étienne Camiré
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Brière
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Armande Billong
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Lemay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Kevin M Tharp
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter L Lee
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Stéphane Gobeil
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean V Guimond
- CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'ile-de-Montréal, CLSC des Faubourgs, 66 rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montréal, QC H2X 1K6, Canada
| | - Natacha Patey
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Justine (CHU de Sainte-Justine), Faculté de Médecine, Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, 3175 Chemin Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - David A Guertin
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Élie Haddad
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Justine (CHU de Sainte-Justine), Faculté de Médecine, Département de pédiatrie et Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, 3175 Chemin Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - David Marsolais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Kivanc Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
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20
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Casoni F, Croci L, Bosone C, D'Ambrosio R, Badaloni A, Gaudesi D, Barili V, Sarna JR, Tessarollo L, Cremona O, Hawkes R, Warming S, Consalez GG. Zfp423/ZNF423 regulates cell cycle progression, the mode of cell division and the DNA-damage response in Purkinje neuron progenitors. Development 2017; 144:3686-3697. [PMID: 28893945 DOI: 10.1242/dev.155077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Zfp423/ZNF423 gene encodes a 30-zinc-finger transcription factor involved in key developmental pathways. Although null Zfp423 mutants develop cerebellar malformations, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. ZNF423 mutations are associated with Joubert Syndrome, a ciliopathy causing cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and ataxia. ZNF423 participates in the DNA-damage response (DDR), raising questions regarding its role as a regulator of neural progenitor cell cycle progression in cerebellar development. To characterize in vivo the function of ZFP423 in neurogenesis, we analyzed allelic murine mutants in which distinct functional domains are deleted. One deletion impairs mitotic spindle orientation, leading to premature cell cycle exit and Purkinje cell (PC) progenitor pool deletion. The other deletion impairs PC differentiation. In both mutants, cell cycle progression is remarkably delayed and DDR markers are upregulated in cerebellar ventricular zone progenitors. Our in vivo evidence sheds light on the domain-specific roles played by ZFP423 in different aspects of PC progenitor development, and at the same time strengthens the emerging notion that an impaired DDR may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of JS and other ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Casoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Laura Croci
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Camilla Bosone
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Ambrosio
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Aurora Badaloni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Davide Gaudesi
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Justyna R Sarna
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Richard Hawkes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Søren Warming
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - G Giacomo Consalez
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy .,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
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21
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Plikus MV, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Ito M, Li YR, Dedhia PH, Zheng Y, Shao M, Gay DL, Ramos R, Hsi TC, Oh JW, Wang X, Ramirez A, Konopelski SE, Elzein A, Wang A, Supapannachart RJ, Lee HL, Lim CH, Nace A, Guo A, Treffeisen E, Andl T, Ramirez RN, Murad R, Offermanns S, Metzger D, Chambon P, Widgerow AD, Tuan TL, Mortazavi A, Gupta RK, Hamilton BA, Millar SE, Seale P, Pear WS, Lazar MA, Cotsarelis G. Regeneration of fat cells from myofibroblasts during wound healing. Science 2017; 355:748-752. [PMID: 28059714 DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although regeneration through the reprogramming of one cell lineage to another occurs in fish and amphibians, it has not been observed in mammals. We discovered in the mouse that during wound healing, adipocytes regenerate from myofibroblasts, a cell type thought to be differentiated and nonadipogenic. Myofibroblast reprogramming required neogenic hair follicles, which triggered bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and then activation of adipocyte transcription factors expressed during development. Overexpression of the BMP antagonist Noggin in hair follicles or deletion of the BMP receptor in myofibroblasts prevented adipocyte formation. Adipocytes formed from human keloid fibroblasts either when treated with BMP or when placed with human hair follicles in vitro. Thus, we identify the myofibroblast as a plastic cell type that may be manipulated to treat scars in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christian F Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mayumi Ito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yun Rose Li
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Priya H Dedhia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Denise L Gay
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,INSERM U967, Commissariat à L'énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Raul Ramos
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ji Won Oh
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Amanda Ramirez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sara E Konopelski
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Arijh Elzein
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anne Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rarinthip June Supapannachart
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chae Ho Lim
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Arben Nace
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elsa Treffeisen
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 328116, USA
| | - Ricardo N Ramirez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rabi Murad
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Institut d'Etudes Avancées de l'Université de Strasbourg, Collège de France, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Alan D Widgerow
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Tai-Lan Tuan
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bruce A Hamilton
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Warren S Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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Shao M, Hepler C, Vishvanath L, MacPherson KA, Busbuso NC, Gupta RK. Fetal development of subcutaneous white adipose tissue is dependent on Zfp423. Mol Metab 2016; 6:111-124. [PMID: 28123942 PMCID: PMC5220400 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Zfp423 is a multi zinc-finger transcription factor expressed in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes in vivo. Our recent work has revealed a critical role for Zfp423 in maintaining the fate of white adipocytes in adult mice through suppression of the beige cell thermogenic gene program; loss of Zfp423 in mature adipocytes of adult mice results in a white-to-beige phenotypic switch. However, the exact requirements of Zfp423 in the fetal stages of early adipose development in vivo have not been clarified. Method Here, we utilize two models that confer adipose-specific Zfp423 inactivation during fetal adipose development (Adiponectin-Cre; Zfp423loxP/loxP and Adiponectin-rtTA; TRE-Cre; Zfp423loxP/loxP). We assess the impact of fetal adipose Zfp423 deletion on the initial formation of adipose tissue and evaluate the metabolic consequences of challenging these animals with high-fat diet feeding. Results Deletion of Zfp423 during fetal adipose development results in a different phenotype than is observed when deleting Zfp423 in adipocytes of adult mice. Inactivation of Zfp423 during fetal adipose development results in arrested differentiation, specifically of inguinal white adipocytes, rather than a white-to-beige phenotypic switch that occurs when Zfp423 is inactivated in adult mice. This is likely explained by the observation that adiponectin driven Cre expression is active at an earlier stage of the adipocyte life cycle during fetal subcutaneous adipose development than in adult mice. Upon high-fat diet feeding, obese adipose Zfp423-deficient animals undergo a pathological adipose tissue expansion, associated with ectopic lipid deposition and systemic insulin resistance. Conclusions Our results reveal that Zfp423 is essential for the terminal differentiation of subcutaneous white adipocytes during fetal adipose tissue development. Moreover, our data highlight the striking adverse effects of pathological subcutaneous adipose tissue remodeling on visceral adipose function and systemic nutrient homeostasis in obesity. Importantly, these data reveal the distinct phenotypes that can occur when adiponectin driven transgenes are activated in fetal vs. adult adipose tissue. Fetal adipose deletion of Zfp423 disrupts terminal differentiation of white adipocytes. Inguinal WAT of Zfp423-deficient mice undergoes a pathological expansion in obesity. Pathological expansion of subcutaneous adipose triggers systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chelsea Hepler
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Karen A MacPherson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Napoleon C Busbuso
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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23
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Hong CJ, Hamilton BA. Zfp423 Regulates Sonic Hedgehog Signaling via Primary Cilium Function. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006357. [PMID: 27727273 PMCID: PMC5065120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zfp423 encodes a 30-zinc finger transcription factor that intersects several canonical signaling pathways. Zfp423 mutations result in ciliopathy-related phenotypes, including agenesis of the cerebellar vermis in mice and Joubert syndrome (JBTS19) and nephronophthisis (NPHP14) in humans. Unlike most ciliopathy genes, Zfp423 encodes a nuclear protein and its developmental expression is complex, leading to alternative proposals for cellular mechanisms. Here we show that Zfp423 is expressed by cerebellar granule cell precursors, that loss of Zfp423 in these precursors leads to cell-intrinsic reduction in proliferation, loss of response to Shh, and primary cilia abnormalities that include diminished frequency of both Smoothened and IFT88 localization. Loss of Zfp423 alters expression of several genes encoding key cilium components, including increased expression of Tulp3. Tulp3 is a direct binding target of Zfp423 and reducing the overexpression of Tulp3 in Zfp423-deficient cells suppresses Smoothened translocation defects. These results define Zfp423 deficiency as a bona fide ciliopathy, acting upstream of Shh signaling, and indicate a mechanism intrinsic to granule cell precursors for the resulting cerebellar hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jei Hong
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce A Hamilton
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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24
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Booth TN, Rollins NK. Spectrum of Clinical and Associated MR Imaging Findings in Children with Olfactory Anomalies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1541-8. [PMID: 26988815 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The olfactory apparatus, consisting of the bulb and tract, is readily identifiable on MR imaging. Anomalous development of the olfactory apparatus may be the harbinger of anomalies of the secondary olfactory cortex and associated structures. We report a large single-site series of associated MR imaging findings in patients with olfactory anomalies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective search of radiologic reports (2010 through 2014) was performed by using the keyword "olfactory"; MR imaging studies were reviewed for olfactory anomalies and intracranial and skull base malformations. Medical records were reviewed for clinical symptoms, neuroendocrine dysfunction, syndromic associations, and genetics. RESULTS We identified 41 patients with olfactory anomalies (range, 0.03-18 years of age; M/F ratio, 19:22); olfactory anomalies were bilateral in 31 of 41 patients (76%) and absent olfactory bulbs and olfactory tracts were found in 56 of 82 (68%). Developmental delay was found in 24 (59%), and seizures, in 14 (34%). Pituitary dysfunction was present in 14 (34%), 8 had panhypopituitarism, and 2 had isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. CNS anomalies, seen in 95% of patients, included hippocampal dysplasia in 26, cortical malformations in 15, malformed corpus callosum in 10, and optic pathway hypoplasia in 12. Infratentorial anomalies were seen in 15 (37%) patients and included an abnormal brain stem in 9 and an abnormal cerebellum in 3. Four patients had an abnormal membranous labyrinth. Genetic testing was performed in 23 (56%) and findings were abnormal in 11 (48%). CONCLUSIONS Olfactory anomalies should prompt careful screening of the brain, skull base, and the pituitary gland for additional anomalies. Genetic testing should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Booth
- From the Department of Radiology, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - N K Rollins
- From the Department of Radiology, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the past decade a wealth of publications have established the central role of cilia and centrosomes in the pathogenesis of cystic kidney diseases, associated or not with extrarenal symptoms. This review outlines recent findings that have unexpectedly linked ciliary and centrosomal proteins to DNA damage and repair and have opened new perspectives for the comprehension of the pathogenesis of these diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Several ciliopathy proteins that contribute to the pathogenesis of cystic kidney diseases and ciliopathy-related phenotypes have been recently reported to participate in the elaborated pathways that control DNA replication and repair, suggesting that malfunction of these biological processes may be a common denominator of some ciliopathy-related diseases. SUMMARY In this review, the author briefly describes the established connections existing between cilia, centrosome, and cell cycle and provides basic information about DNA damage and repair. The author then examines more closely the single ciliopathy genes that have been associated with DNA repair pathways and their known biological functions.
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26
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Signaroldi E, Laise P, Cristofanon S, Brancaccio A, Reisoli E, Atashpaz S, Terreni MR, Doglioni C, Pruneri G, Malatesta P, Testa G. Polycomb dysregulation in gliomagenesis targets a Zfp423-dependent differentiation network. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10753. [PMID: 26923714 PMCID: PMC4773478 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas constitute one of the most significant areas of unmet medical need, owing to the invariable failure of surgical eradication and their marked molecular heterogeneity. Accumulating evidence has revealed a critical contribution by the Polycomb axis of epigenetic repression. However, a coherent understanding of the regulatory networks affected by Polycomb during gliomagenesis is still lacking. Here we integrate transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses to define Polycomb-dependent networks that promote gliomagenesis, validating them both in two independent mouse models and in a large cohort of human samples. We find that Polycomb dysregulation in gliomagenesis affects transcriptional networks associated with invasiveness and de-differentiation. The dissection of these networks uncovers Zfp423 as a critical Polycomb-dependent transcription factor whose silencing negatively impacts survival. The anti-gliomagenic activity of Zfp423 requires interaction with the SMAD proteins within the BMP signalling pathway, pointing to a novel synergic circuit through which Polycomb inhibits BMP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Signaroldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Pasquale Laise
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Silvia Cristofanon
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Arianna Brancaccio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Elisa Reisoli
- Trasferimento Genico, IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Sina Atashpaz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Terreni
- Pathology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, via Ripamonti 435, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Paolo Malatesta
- Trasferimento Genico, IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES), University of Genoa, Via Leon Battista Alberti 2, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
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27
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ZNF423 and ZNF521: EBF1 Antagonists of Potential Relevance in B-Lymphoid Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:165238. [PMID: 26788497 PMCID: PMC4695665 DOI: 10.1155/2015/165238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of the B-lymphoid cell lineage is tightly controlled by the concerted action of a network of transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. EBF1, a central component of this network, is essential for B-lymphoid specification and commitment as well as for the maintenance of the B-cell identity. Genetic alterations causing loss of function of these B-lymphopoiesis regulators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of B-lymphoid malignancies, with particular regard to B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (B-ALLs), where their presence is frequently detected. The activity of the B-cell regulatory network may also be disrupted by the aberrant expression of inhibitory molecules. In particular, two multi-zinc finger transcription cofactors named ZNF423 and ZNF521 have been characterised as potent inhibitors of EBF1 and are emerging as potentially relevant contributors to the development of B-cell leukaemias. Here we will briefly review the current knowledge of these factors and discuss the importance of their functional cross talk with EBF1 in the development of B-cell malignancies.
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28
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Spontaneous malformations of the cerebellar vermis: Prevalence, inheritance, and relationship to lobule/fissure organization in the C57BL/6 lineage. Neuroscience 2015; 310:242-51. [PMID: 26383253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complex neuronal circuitry of the cerebellum is embedded within its lamina, folia, and lobules, which together play an important role in sensory and motor function. Studies in mouse models have demonstrated that both cerebellar lamination and lobule/fissure development are under genetic control. The cerebellar vermis of C57BL/6 mice exhibits spontaneous malformations of neuronal migration of posterior lobules (VIII-IX; molecular layer heterotopia); however, the extent to which other inbred mice also exhibit these malformations is unknown. Using seven different inbred mouse strains and two first filial generation (F1) hybrids, we show that only the C57BL/6 strain exhibits heterotopia. Furthermore, we observed heterotopia in consomic and recombinant inbred strains. These data indicate that heterotopia formation is a weakly penetrant trait requiring homozygosity of one or more C57BL/6 alleles outside of chromosome 1 and the sex chromosomes. Additional morphological analyses showed no relationship between heterotopia formation and other features of lobule/fissure organization. These data are relevant toward understanding normal cerebellar development and disorders affecting cerebellar foliation and lamination.
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Nmf9 Encodes a Highly Conserved Protein Important to Neurological Function in Mice and Flies. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005344. [PMID: 26131556 PMCID: PMC4488434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many protein-coding genes identified by genome sequencing remain without functional annotation or biological context. Here we define a novel protein-coding gene, Nmf9, based on a forward genetic screen for neurological function. ENU-induced and genome-edited null mutations in mice produce deficits in vestibular function, fear learning and circadian behavior, which correlated with Nmf9 expression in inner ear, amygdala, and suprachiasmatic nuclei. Homologous genes from unicellular organisms and invertebrate animals predict interactions with small GTPases, but the corresponding domains are absent in mammalian Nmf9. Intriguingly, homozygotes for null mutations in the Drosophila homolog, CG45058, show profound locomotor defects and premature death, while heterozygotes show striking effects on sleep and activity phenotypes. These results link a novel gene orthology group to discrete neurological functions, and show conserved requirement across wide phylogenetic distance and domain level structural changes. Genome sequencing projects have identified large numbers of genes that encode proteins of unknown function. Many of these genes show strong evolutionary conservation, predicting important and well-conserved functions. A fraction of these show strong conservation of core domains but dynamic changes in other domains, predicting both conserved and lineage-dependent functions. Here we identify neurological functions associated with one such gene identified by a forward genetic screen in mice. We use recently developed genome editing tools both to confirm the mouse studies and to test comparative functions in a model insect, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Each of these species has a single homolog of this gene family, but differ by inclusion of a ras-association (RA) domain present in most invertebrate species but missing in mammals. Null mutations in both mice and flies produce neurological phenotypes, but while the mouse phenotypes are comparatively mild (vestibular deficits, mild tremor, hyperactivity, mild circadian phenotypes and abnormal fear learning–but normal viability and breeding), null flies rarely survive to adulthood and surviving flies have severe locomotor deficits. Interestingly, heterozygous flies have significant sleep-related phenotypes. Together, our results provide a detailed first look at comparative function for a gene lineage with an unusual evolutionary history.
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Leto K, Carulli D, Buffo A. Symposium in honor of Ferdinando Rossi: a passionate journey through the cerebellar mysteries. THE CEREBELLUM 2015; 13:791-4. [PMID: 25562085 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To remember our friend and colleague Ferdinando Rossi, prematurely passed away on 24th January 2014, a symposium was held during the ninth FENS meeting in Milan. It was focused on the development and plasticity of the cerebellum, the main topics of Ferdinando's research. From the talks of the invited speakers, Giacomo Consalez, Karl Schilling, Alain Chédotal, and Chris De Zeeuw, it clearly emerged that Ferdinando had a huge impact on the research of many scientists like them, as well as in the whole field of brain development and regeneration. With this symposium, we celebrated a brilliant scientist, devoted to Neuroscience with tireless passion and curiosity.
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Zhang LJ, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Hata T, Bapat SP, Ramos R, Plikus MV, Gallo RL. Innate immunity. Dermal adipocytes protect against invasive Staphylococcus aureus skin infection. Science 2015; 347:67-71. [PMID: 25554785 PMCID: PMC4318537 DOI: 10.1126/science.1260972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes have been suggested to be immunologically active, but their role in host defense is unclear. We observed rapid proliferation of preadipocytes and expansion of the dermal fat layer after infection of the skin by Staphylococcus aureus. Impaired adipogenesis resulted in increased infection as seen in Zfp423(nur12) mice or in mice given inhibitors of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. This host defense function was mediated through the production of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide from adipocytes because cathelicidin expression was decreased by inhibition of adipogenesis, and adipocytes from Camp(-/-) mice lost the capacity to inhibit bacterial growth. Together, these findings show that the production of an antimicrobial peptide by adipocytes is an important element for protection against S. aureus infection of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-juan Zhang
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian F Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tissa Hata
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sagar P Bapat
- Nomis Foundation Laboratories for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Raul Ramos
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Mecklenburg N, Martinez-Lopez JE, Moreno-Bravo JA, Perez-Balaguer A, Puelles E, Martinez S. Growth and differentiation factor 10 (Gdf10) is involved in Bergmann glial cell development under Shh regulation. Glia 2014; 62:1713-23. [PMID: 24963847 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 10 (Gdf10), also known as Bmp3b, is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß superfamily. Gdf10 is expressed in Bergmann glial cells, which was investigated by single-cell transcriptional profiling (Koirala and Corfas, (2010) PLoS ONE 5: e9198). Here we provide a detailed characterization of Gdf10 expression from E14, the stage at which Gdf10 is expressed for the first time in the cerebellum, until P28. We detected Gdf10 expression in both germinal zones: in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the 4th ventricle as well as in the rhombic lip (RL). The VZ has been postulated to give rise to GABAergic neurons and glial cells, whereas the RL gives rise to glutamatergic neurons. Thus, it was very surprising to discover a gene that is expressed exclusively in glial cells and is not restricted to an expression in the VZ, but is also present in the RL. At postnatal stages Gdf10 was distributed equally in Bergmann glial cells of the cerebellum. Furthermore, we found Gdf10 to be regulated by Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which is secreted by Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. In the conditional Shh mutants, glial cells showed a reduced expression of Gdf10, whereas the expression of Nestin and Vimentin was unchanged. Thus, we show for the first time, that Gdf10, expressed in Bergmann glial cells, is affected by the loss of Shh as early as E18.5, suggesting a regulation of glial development by Shh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mecklenburg
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), E-03550, Alicante, Spain; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125, Berlin, Germany
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Discovery of new glomerular disease-relevant genes by translational profiling of podocytes in vivo. Kidney Int 2014; 86:1116-29. [PMID: 24940801 PMCID: PMC4245460 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for podocytopathies such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) requires a detailed analysis of transcriptional changes in podocytes over the course of disease. Here we used translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) to isolate and profile podocyte-specific mRNA in two different models of FSGS. Expressed eGFP-tagged ribosomal protein L10a in podocytes under the control of the Collagen-1α1 promoter enabled podocyte-specific mRNA isolation in a one-step process over the course of disease. This TRAP protocol robustly enriched known podocyte-specific mRNAs. We crossed col1α1-L10a mice with the actn4−/− and actn4+/K256E models of FSGS and analyzed podocyte transcriptional profiles at 2, 6 and 44 weeks of age. Two upregulated podocyte genes in murine FSGS (CXCL1 and DMPK) were found to be upregulated at the protein level in biopsies from patients with FSGS, validating this approach. There was no dilution of podocyte-specific transcripts during disease. These are the first podocyte-specific RNA expression datasets during aging and in two models of FSGS. This approach identified new podocyte proteins that are upregulated in FSGS and help define novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for human glomerular disease.
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Spina R, Filocamo G, Iaccino E, Scicchitano S, Lupia M, Chiarella E, Mega T, Bernaudo F, Pelaggi D, Mesuraca M, Pazzaglia S, Semenkow S, Bar EE, Kool M, Pfister S, Bond HM, Eberhart CG, Steinkühler C, Morrone G. Critical role of zinc finger protein 521 in the control of growth, clonogenicity and tumorigenic potential of medulloblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1280-92. [PMID: 23907569 PMCID: PMC3787157 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell-associated transcription co-factor ZNF521 has been implicated in the control of hematopoietic, osteo-adipogenic and neural progenitor cells. ZNF521 is highly expressed in cerebellum and in particular in the neonatal external granule layer that contains candidate medulloblastoma cells-of-origin, and in the majority of human medulloblastomas. Here we have explored its involvement in the control of human and murine medulloblastoma cells. The effect of ZNF521 on growth and tumorigenic potential of human medulloblastoma cell lines as well as primary Ptc1−/+ mouse medulloblastoma cells was investigated in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays, by modulating its expression using lentiviral vectors carrying the ZNF521 cDNA, or shRNAs that silence its expression. Enforced overexpression of ZNF521 in DAOY medulloblastoma cells significantly increased their proliferation, growth as spheroids and ability to generate clones in single-cell cultures and semisolid media, and enhanced their migratory ability in wound-healing assays. Importantly, ZNF521-expressing cells displayed a greatly enhanced tumorigenic potential in nude mice. All these activities required the ZNF521 N-terminal motif that recruits the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex, which might therefore represent an appealing therapeutic target. Conversely, silencing of ZNF521 in human UW228 medulloblastoma cells that display high baseline expression decreased their proliferation, clonogenicity, sphere formation and wound-healing ability. Similarly, Zfp521 silencing in mouse Ptc1−/+ medulloblastoma cells drastically reduced their growth and tumorigenic potential. Our data strongly support the notion that ZNF521, through the recruitment of the NuRD complex, contributes to the clonogenic growth, migration and tumorigenicity of medulloblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Spina
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Expression profiling and functional implications of a set of zinc finger proteins, ZNF423, ZNF470, ZNF521, and ZNF780B, in primary osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:318793. [PMID: 24976683 PMCID: PMC4058293 DOI: 10.1155/2014/318793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular chondrocytes are responsible for the maintenance of healthy articulations; indeed, dysregulation of their functions, including the production of matrix proteins and matrix-remodeling proteases, may result in fraying of the tissue and development of osteoarthritis (OA). To explore transcriptional mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of chondrocyte homeostasis and may be implicated in OA development, we compared the gene expression profile of a set of zinc finger proteins potentially linked to the control of chondrocyte differentiation and/or functions (ZNF423, ZNF470, ZNF521, and ZNF780B) in chondrocytes from patients affected by OA and from subjects not affected by OA. This analysis highlighted a significantly lower expression of the transcript encoding ZNF423 in chondrocytes from OA, particularly in elderly patients. Interestingly, this decrease was mirrored by the similarly reduced expression of PPARγ, a known target of ZNF423 with anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties. The ZNF521 mRNA instead was abundant in all primary chondrocytes studied; the RNAi-mediated silencing of this gene significantly altered the COL2A/COL1 expression ratio, associated with the maintenance of the differentiated phenotype, in chondrocytes cultivated in alginate beads. These results suggest a role for ZNF423 and ZNF521 in the regulation of chondrocyte homeostasis and warrant further investigations to elucidate their mechanism of action.
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Burney MJ, Johnston C, Wong KY, Teng SW, Beglopoulos V, Stanton LW, Williams BP, Bithell A, Buckley NJ. An epigenetic signature of developmental potential in neural stem cells and early neurons. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1868-80. [PMID: 23712654 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A cardinal property of neural stem cells (NSCs) is their ability to adopt multiple fates upon differentiation. The epigenome is widely seen as a read-out of cellular potential and a manifestation of this can be seen in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), where promoters of many lineage-specific regulators are marked by a bivalent epigenetic signature comprising trimethylation of both lysine 4 and lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, respectively). Bivalency has subsequently emerged as a powerful epigenetic indicator of stem cell potential. Here, we have interrogated the epigenome during differentiation of ESC-derived NSCs to immature GABAergic interneurons. We show that developmental transitions are accompanied by loss of bivalency at many promoters in line with their increasing developmental restriction from pluripotent ESC through multipotent NSC to committed GABAergic interneuron. At the NSC stage, the promoters of genes encoding many transcriptional regulators required for differentiation of multiple neuronal subtypes and neural crest appear to be bivalent, consistent with the broad developmental potential of NSCs. Upon differentiation to GABAergic neurons, all non-GABAergic promoters resolve to H3K27me3 monovalency, whereas GABAergic promoters resolve to H3K4me3 monovalency or retain bivalency. Importantly, many of these epigenetic changes occur before any corresponding changes in gene expression. Intriguingly, another group of gene promoters gain bivalency as NSCs differentiate toward neurons, the majority of which are associated with functions connected with maturation and establishment and maintenance of connectivity. These data show that bivalency provides a dynamic epigenetic signature of developmental potential in both NSCs and in early neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Burney
- Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, James Black Centre, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Joubert syndrome is a congenital cerebellar ataxia with autosomal recessive or X-linked inheritance, the diagnostic hallmark of which is a unique cerebellar and brainstem malformation recognisable on brain imaging-the so-called molar tooth sign. Neurological signs are present from the neonatal period and include hypotonia progressing to ataxia, global developmental delay, ocular motor apraxia, and breathing dysregulation. These signs are variably associated with multiorgan involvement, mainly of the retina, kidneys, skeleton, and liver. 21 causative genes have been identified so far, all of which encode for proteins of the primary cilium or its apparatus. The primary cilium is a subcellular organelle that has key roles in development and in many cellular functions, making Joubert syndrome part of the expanding family of ciliopathies. Notable clinical and genetic overlap exists between distinct ciliopathies, which can co-occur even within families. Such variability is probably explained by an oligogenic model of inheritance, in which the interplay of mutations, rare variants, and polymorphisms at distinct loci modulate the expressivity of the ciliary phenotype.
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Characterization of the expression profiles of adipogenesis-related factors, ZNF423, KLFs and FGF10, during preadipocyte differentiation and abdominal adipose tissue development in chickens. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 165:189-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Martinez S, Andreu A, Mecklenburg N, Echevarria D. Cellular and molecular basis of cerebellar development. Front Neuroanat 2013; 7:18. [PMID: 23805080 PMCID: PMC3693072 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2013.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cerebellar development were investigated through structural descriptions and studying spontaneous mutations in animal models and humans. Advances in experimental embryology, genetic engineering, and neuroimaging techniques render today the possibility to approach the analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying histogenesis and morphogenesis of the cerebellum by experimental designs. Several genes and molecules were identified to be involved in the cerebellar plate regionalization, specification, and differentiation of cerebellar neurons, as well as the establishment of cellular migratory routes and the subsequent neuronal connectivity. Indeed, pattern formation of the cerebellum requires the adequate orchestration of both key morphogenetic signals, arising from distinct brain regions, and local expression of specific transcription factors. Thus, the present review wants to revisit and discuss these morphogenetic and molecular mechanisms taking place during cerebellar development in order to understand causal processes regulating cerebellar cytoarchitecture, its highly topographically ordered circuitry and its role in brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Martinez
- Experimental Embryology Lab, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernandez Alicante, Spain
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Cho YW, Hong CJ, Hou A, Gent PM, Zhang K, Won KJ, Hamilton BA. Zfp423 binds autoregulatory sites in p19 cell culture model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66514. [PMID: 23762491 PMCID: PMC3675209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zfp423 is a 30 zinc finger transcription factor that forms regulatory complexes with EBF family members and factors targeted by canonical signaling pathways. Zfp423 mutations produce a range of developmental abnormalities in mice and humans related to the ciliopathies. Surprisingly, computational analysis of clustered Zfp423 and partner motifs in conserved genomic sequences predicts enrichment in Zfp423 and Ebf genes. In cell culture models selected for Zfp423 and EBF expression, we identify strong and reproducible occupancy of two Zfp423 intronic sites using chromatin immunoprecipitation with multiple independent antibodies. Both sites are significantly enriched in either quantitative PCR or massively parallel sequencing assays. A site in intron 5 acts as a classical enhancer in transient assays, but does not require the consensus motif for activity, suggesting a redundant or modulatory role for Zfp423 binding in this context. We speculate that Zfp423 may repress this enhancer as part of a developmental ratchet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Cho
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chen-Jei Hong
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Aiju Hou
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Gent
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kuixing Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Hamilton
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kang S, Akerblad P, Kiviranta R, Gupta RK, Kajimura S, Griffin MJ, Min J, Baron R, Rosen ED. Regulation of early adipose commitment by Zfp521. PLoS Biol 2012; 10:e1001433. [PMID: 23209378 PMCID: PMC3507953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While there has been significant progress in determining the transcriptional cascade involved in terminal adipocyte differentiation, less is known about early events leading to lineage commitment and cell fate choice. It has been recently discovered that zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423) is an early actor in adipose determination. Here, we show that a close paralog of Zfp423, Zfp521, acts as a key regulator of adipose commitment and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Zfp521 exerts its actions by binding to early B cell factor 1 (Ebf1), a transcription factor required for the generation of adipocyte progenitors, and inhibiting the expression of Zfp423. Overexpression of Zfp521 in cells greatly inhibits adipogenic potential, whereas RNAi-mediated knock-down or genetic ablation of Zfp521 enhances differentiation. In addition, Zfp521⁻/⁻ embryos exhibit increased mass of interscapular brown adipose tissue and subcutaneous white adipocytes, a cell autonomous effect. Finally, Ebf1 participates in a negative feedback loop to repress Zfp521 as differentiation proceeds. Because Zfp521 is known to promote bone development, our results suggest that it acts as a critical switch in the commitment decision between the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Akerblad
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rana K. Gupta
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology and Division of Metabolism and Chronic Disease, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology and Division of Metabolism and Chronic Disease, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Griffin
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jie Min
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Evan D. Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chaki M, Airik R, Ghosh AK, Giles RH, Chen R, Slaats GG, Wang H, Hurd TW, Zhou W, Cluckey A, Gee HY, Ramaswami G, Hong CJ, Hamilton BA, Cervenka I, Ganji RS, Bryja V, Arts HH, van Reeuwijk J, Oud MM, Letteboer SJF, Roepman R, Husson H, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Yasunaga T, Walz G, Eley L, Sayer JA, Schermer B, Liebau MC, Benzing T, Le Corre S, Drummond I, Janssen S, Allen SJ, Natarajan S, O'Toole JF, Attanasio M, Saunier S, Antignac C, Koenekoop RK, Ren H, Lopez I, Nayir A, Stoetzel C, Dollfus H, Massoudi R, Gleeson JG, Andreoli SP, Doherty DG, Lindstrad A, Golzio C, Katsanis N, Pape L, Abboud EB, Al-Rajhi AA, Lewis RA, Omran H, Lee EYHP, Wang S, Sekiguchi JM, Saunders R, Johnson CA, Garner E, Vanselow K, Andersen JS, Shlomai J, Nurnberg G, Nurnberg P, Levy S, Smogorzewska A, Otto EA, Hildebrandt F. Exome capture reveals ZNF423 and CEP164 mutations, linking renal ciliopathies to DNA damage response signaling. Cell 2012; 150:533-48. [PMID: 22863007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) are degenerative recessive diseases that affect kidney, retina, and brain. Genetic defects in NPHP gene products that localize to cilia and centrosomes defined them as "ciliopathies." However, disease mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identify by whole-exome resequencing, mutations of MRE11, ZNF423, and CEP164 as causing NPHP-RC. All three genes function within the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. We demonstrate that, upon induced DNA damage, the NPHP-RC proteins ZNF423, CEP164, and NPHP10 colocalize to nuclear foci positive for TIP60, known to activate ATM at sites of DNA damage. We show that knockdown of CEP164 or ZNF423 causes sensitivity to DNA damaging agents and that cep164 knockdown in zebrafish results in dysregulated DDR and an NPHP-RC phenotype. Our findings link degenerative diseases of the kidney and retina, disorders of increasing prevalence, to mechanisms of DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Chaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Wang K, Zhang R, He F, Lin LB, Xiang XH, Ping XJ, Han JS, Zhao GP, Zhang QH, Cui CL. Electroacupuncture frequency-related transcriptional response in rat arcuate nucleus revealed region-distinctive changes in response to low- and high-frequency electroacupuncture. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1464-73. [PMID: 22411682 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been clinically applied for treating different medical conditions, such as pain, strain, and immune diseases. Low- and high-frequency EAs have distinct therapeutic effects in clinical practice and experimental studies. However, the molecular mechanism of this difference remains obscure. The arcuate nucleus (Arc) is a critical region of the hypothalamus and is responsible for the effect of EA stimulation to remote acupoints. Gene expression profiling provides a powerful tool with which to explore the basis of physiopathological responses to external stimulus. In this study, using cDNA microarray, we investigated gene expressions in the rat Arc region induced by low-frequency (2-Hz) and high-frequency (100-Hz) EAs to two remote acupoints, zusanli (ST36) and sanyinjiao (SP6). We have found that more genes were differentially regulated by 2-Hz EA than 100-Hz EA (154 vs. 66 regulated genes/ESTs) in Arc, especially those related to neurogenesis, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. These results demonstrate that the expression level of genes in the Arc region could be effectively regulated by low-frequency EA, compared with high-frequency EA, helping to uncover the mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of the low-frequency EA. Our results also indicate different-frequency EAs are spatially specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
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Zerem A, Vinkler C, Michelson M, Leshinsky-Silver E, Lerman-Sagie T, Lev D. Mosaic marker chromosome 16 resulting in 16q11.2-q12.1 gain in a child with intellectual disability, microcephaly, and cerebellar cortical dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2991-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Alcaraz WA, Chen E, Valdes P, Kim E, Lo YH, Vo J, Hamilton BA. Modifier genes and non-genetic factors reshape anatomical deficits in Zfp423-deficient mice. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3822-30. [PMID: 21729880 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of neural circuitry depends on the integration of signaling pathways to coordinate specification, proliferation and differentiation of cell types in the right number, in the right place, at the right time. Zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423), a 30-zinc finger transcription factor, forms alternate complexes with components of several developmental signaling pathways, suggesting it as a point of signal integration during brain development. We previously showed that mice lacking Zfp423 have reduced proliferation of cerebellar precursor cells, resulting in complete loss of vermis and variable hypoplasia of cerebellar hemispheres. Here, we show that Zfp423(-/-) hemisphere malformations are shaped by both genetic and non-genetic factors, producing distinct phenotype distributions in different inbred genetic backgrounds. In genetic mapping studies, we identify four additive modifier loci (Amzn1-4) and seven synthetically interacting loci (Smzn1.1-3.1) that together explain approximately one-third of the phenotypic variance. Strain-specific sequence polymorphism and expression data provide a reduced list of functional variant candidate genes at each modifier locus. Environmental covariates add only modest explanatory power, suggesting an additional stochastic component. These results provide a comprehensive analysis of sources of phenotype variation in a model of hindbrain malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Alcaraz
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program,, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0644, USA
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Fulton DL, Denarier E, Friedman HC, Wasserman WW, Peterson AC. Towards resolving the transcription factor network controlling myelin gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:7974-91. [PMID: 21729871 PMCID: PMC3185407 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is produced from spirally-wrapped oligodendrocyte plasma membrane and, as exemplified by the debilitating effects of inherited or acquired myelin abnormalities in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, it plays a critical role in nervous system function. Myelin sheath production coincides with rapid up-regulation of numerous genes. The complexity of their subsequent expression patterns, along with recently recognized heterogeneity within the oligodendrocyte lineage, suggest that the regulatory networks controlling such genes drive multiple context-specific transcriptional programs. Conferring this nuanced level of control likely involves a large repertoire of interacting transcription factors (TFs). Here, we combined novel strategies of computational sequence analyses with in vivo functional analysis to establish a TF network model of coordinate myelin-associated gene transcription. Notably, the network model captures regulatory DNA elements and TFs known to regulate oligodendrocyte myelin gene transcription and/or oligodendrocyte development, thereby validating our approach. Further, it links to numerous TFs with previously unsuspected roles in CNS myelination and suggests collaborative relationships amongst both known and novel TFs, thus providing deeper insight into the myelin gene transcriptional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Fulton
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Blank MC, Grinberg I, Aryee E, Laliberte C, Chizhikov VV, Henkelman RM, Millen KJ. Multiple developmental programs are altered by loss of Zic1 and Zic4 to cause Dandy-Walker malformation cerebellar pathogenesis. Development 2011; 138:1207-16. [PMID: 21307096 DOI: 10.1242/dev.054114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous deletions encompassing the ZIC1;ZIC4 locus have been identified in a subset of individuals with the common cerebellar birth defect Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM). Deletion of Zic1 and Zic4 in mice produces both cerebellar size and foliation defects similar to human DWM, confirming a requirement for these genes in cerebellar development and providing a model to delineate the developmental basis of this clinically important congenital malformation. Here, we show that reduced cerebellar size in Zic1 and Zic4 mutants results from decreased postnatal granule cell progenitor proliferation. Through genetic and molecular analyses, we show that Zic1 and Zic4 have Shh-dependent function promoting proliferation of granule cell progenitors. Expression of the Shh-downstream genes Ptch1, Gli1 and Mycn was downregulated in Zic1/4 mutants, although Shh production and Purkinje cell gene expression were normal. Reduction of Shh dose on the Zic1(+/-);Zic4(+/-) background also resulted in cerebellar size reductions and gene expression changes comparable with those observed in Zic1(-/-);Zic4(-/-) mice. Zic1 and Zic4 are additionally required to pattern anterior vermis foliation. Zic mutant folial patterning abnormalities correlated with disrupted cerebellar anlage gene expression and Purkinje cell topography during late embryonic stages; however, this phenotype was Shh independent. In Zic1(+/-);Zic4(+/-);Shh(+/-), we observed normal cerebellar anlage patterning and foliation. Furthermore, cerebellar patterning was normal in both Gli2-cko and Smo-cko mutant mice, where all Shh function was removed from the developing cerebellum. Thus, our data demonstrate that Zic1 and Zic4 have both Shh-dependent and -independent roles during cerebellar development and that multiple developmental disruptions underlie Zic1/4-related DWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa C Blank
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Cell Death as a Regulator of Cerebellar Histogenesis and Compartmentation. THE CEREBELLUM 2010; 10:373-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-010-0222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ortuño-Sahagún D, Rivera-Cervantes MC, Gudiño-Cabrera G, Junyent F, Verdaguer E, Auladell C, Pallàs M, Camins A, Beas-Zárate C. Microarray analysis of rat hippocampus exposed to excitotoxicity: reversal Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger NCX3 is overexpressed in glial cells. Hippocampus 2010; 22:128-40. [PMID: 20928830 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors are involved in the glutamate-induced excitotoxicity phenomenon, such as overload of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, excess Ca(2+) influx, nitric oxide synthase activation, oxidative damage due to increase in free radicals, and release of endogenous polyamine, among others. In order to attempt a more integrated approach to address this issue, we established, by microarray analysis, the hippocampus gene expression profiles under glutamate-induced excitotoxicity conditions. Increased gene expression is mainly related to excitotoxicity (CaMKII, glypican 2, GFAP, NCX3, IL-2, and Gmeb2) or with cell damage response (dynactin and Ecel1). Several genes that augmented their expression are related to glutamatergic system modulation, in particular with NMDA receptor modulation and calcium homeostasis (IL-2, CaMKII, acrosin, Gmeb2, hAChE, Slc83a, and SP1 factor). Conversely, among genes that diminished their expression, we found the Syngap 1, which is downregulated by CaMKII, and the MHC II, which is downregulated by glutamate. Changes observed in gene expression induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) neonatal treatment in the hippocampus are consistent with the activation of the mechanisms that modulate NMDA receptor function as well as with the implementation of plastic response to cell damage and intracellular calcium homeostasis. Regarding this aspect, we report here that NCX3/Slc8a3, a Na(+)/Ca(2+) membrane exchanger, is highly expressed in astrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo, in response to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Hence, the results of this analysis present a broad view of the expression profile elicited by MSG neonatal treatment, and lead us to suggest the possible molecular pathways of action and reaction involved under this experimental model of excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, C.U.C.B.A, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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50
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Masserdotti G, Badaloni A, Green YS, Croci L, Barili V, Bergamini G, Vetter ML, Consalez GG. ZFP423 coordinates Notch and bone morphogenetic protein signaling, selectively up-regulating Hes5 gene expression. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:30814-24. [PMID: 20547764 PMCID: PMC2945575 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.142869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 423 encodes a 30 Zn-finger transcription factor involved in cerebellar and olfactory development. ZFP423 is a known interactor of SMAD1-SMAD4 and of Collier/Olf-1/EBF proteins, and acts as a modifier of retinoic acid-induced differentiation. In the present article, we show that ZFP423 interacts with the Notch1 intracellular domain in mammalian cell lines and in Xenopus neurula embryos, to activate the expression of the Notch1 target Hes5/ESR1. This effect is antagonized by EBF transcription factors, both in cultured cells and in Xenopus embryos, and amplified in vitro by BMP4, suggesting that ZFP423 acts to integrate BMP and Notch signaling, selectively promoting their convergence onto the Hes5 gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Masserdotti
- From the Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- the Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Aurora Badaloni
- From the Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Yangsook Song Green
- the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Laura Croci
- From the Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- From the Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- the Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Giorgio Bergamini
- From the Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- the Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Monica L. Vetter
- the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
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