1
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Song P, Zhao J, Zhang W, Li X, Ji B, Zhao J. Vitamin a potentiates sheep myoblasts myogenic differentiation through BHLHE40-modulated ID3 expression. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:244. [PMID: 38443816 PMCID: PMC10913236 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A and retinoic acid (RA, a metabolite of vitamin A), are inextricably involved to the development of skeletal muscle in animals. However, the mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle development by vitamin A remain poorly reported. The current study designed to investigate the underlying mechanism of vitamin A affecting myogenic differentiation of lamb myoblasts through transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and gene function validation experiments. It provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the regulation of vitamin A on skeletal muscle development as well as for improving the economic benefits of the mutton sheep industry. RESULTS Newborn lambs were injected with 7,500 IU vitamin A, and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle tissue was surgically sampled for RNA-Seq analysis and primary myoblasts isolation at 3 weeks of age. The results showed that a total of 14 down-regulated and 3 up-regulated genes, were identified between control and vitamin A groups. Among them, BHLHE40 expression was upregulated in vitamin A group lambs. Furthermore, BHLHE40 expression is significantly increased after initiation of differentiation in myoblasts, and RA addition during differentiation greatly promoted BHLHE40 mRNA expression. In vitro, RA inhibited myoblasts proliferation and promoted myoblasts myogenic differentiation through BHLHE40. Moreover, BHLHE40 was proved to inhibit the expression of the DNA binding inhibitor 3 (ID3), and meanwhile, ID3 could effectively promote myoblasts proliferation and inhibit myoblasts myogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggested that vitamin A inhibited myoblasts proliferation and promoted myoblasts myogenic differentiation by inhibiting ID3 expression through BHLHE40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkang Song
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Taigu, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Taigu, P. R. China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xuying Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bingzhen Ji
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Taigu, P. R. China.
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2
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Wang CY, Qiu ZJ, Zhang P, Tang XQ. Differentiated Embryo-Chondrocyte Expressed Gene1 and Parkinson's Disease: New Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2251-2265. [PMID: 37132111 PMCID: PMC10556388 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230502123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene1 (DEC1), an important transcription factor with a basic helix-loop-helix domain, is ubiquitously expressed in both human embryonic and adult tissues. DEC1 is involved in neural differentiation and neural maturation in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies suggest that DEC1 protects against Parkinson's disease (PD) by regulating apoptosis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, immune system, and glucose metabolism disorders. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the role of DEC1 in the pathogenesis of PD and provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of PD and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zheng-Jie Qiu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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3
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Sui Y, Jiang H, Kellogg CM, Oh S, Janknecht R. Promotion of colorectal cancer by transcription factor BHLHE40 involves upregulation of ADAM19 and KLF7. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1122238. [PMID: 36890812 PMCID: PMC9986587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BHLHE40 is a transcription factor, whose role in colorectal cancer has remained elusive. We demonstrate that the BHLHE40 gene is upregulated in colorectal tumors. Transcription of BHLHE40 was jointly stimulated by the DNA-binding ETV1 protein and two associated histone demethylases, JMJD1A/KDM3A and JMJD2A/KDM4A, which were shown to also form complexes on their own and whose enzymatic activity was required for BHLHE40 upregulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ETV1, JMJD1A and JMJD2A interacted with several regions within the BHLHE40 gene promoter, suggesting that these three factors directly control BHLHE40 transcription. BHLHE40 downregulation suppressed both growth and clonogenic activity of human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, strongly hinting at a pro-tumorigenic role of BHLHE40. Through RNA sequencing, the transcription factor KLF7 and the metalloproteinase ADAM19 were identified as putative BHLHE40 downstream effectors. Bioinformatic analyses showed that both KLF7 and ADAM19 are upregulated in colorectal tumors as well as associated with worse survival and their downregulation impaired HCT116 clonogenic activity. In addition, ADAM19, but not KLF7, downregulation reduced HCT116 cell growth. Overall, these data have revealed a ETV1/JMJD1A/JMJD2A→BHLHE40 axis that may stimulate colorectal tumorigenesis through upregulation of genes such as KLF7 and ADAM19, suggesting that targeting this axis represents a potential novel therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sui
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Hanlin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Collyn M Kellogg
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sangphil Oh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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4
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Kurita T, Li X, Bhawal UK. Crosstalk between microRNA-21–5p and the transcription factor Dec1 maintains osteoblast function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 632:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Jia Y, Liu Y, Zhu J, Liu L, Ma X, Liu D, Han S, Zhang L, Ling ZQ, Wang Y. DEC1 promotes progression of Helicobacter pylori-positive gastric cancer by regulating Akt/NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1943-1954. [PMID: 35122398 PMCID: PMC8980912 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer (GC). Differentiated embryo‐chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (DEC1) is dysregulated in some cancers and may regulate cell proliferation in specific contexts. Of note, DEC1 is emerging as one of the important factors regulating cellular responses in microenvironment. However, the triggers and precise regulation mechanism for DEC1 during inflammatory carcinoma transformation of GC are unclear. In this study, we identified DEC1 was upregulated in both H. pylori‐infected gastric tissues and GC cells. DEC1 expression was positively associated with H. pylori infection status and GC progression. DEC1‐positive expression indicated a poorer prognosis in H. pylori‐positive GC. DEC1 was required for H. pylori‐induced GC cells proliferation. Mechanistically, H. pylori infection significantly activated Akt/NF‐κB signal pathway and this induction depend on DEC1 expression level in GC cells. Importantly, their interaction pathway was further verified by H. pylori‐positive gastritis mice model. Taken together, our findings identified a novel function of DEC1 in GC. H. pylori infection induce DEC1 expression, and which leading to the progression of GC through activating Akt/ NF‐κB signalling pathway. Blocking DEC1/Akt/NF‐κB, therefore, presents a promising novel therapeutic strategy for H. pylori‐positive GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Duanrui Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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6
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Džafo E, Bianchi N, Monticelli S. Cell-intrinsic mechanisms to restrain inflammatory responses in T lymphocytes. Immunol Rev 2021; 300:181-193. [PMID: 33507562 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the regulatory circuits that control the effector responses of memory T helper lymphocytes, and in particular their ability to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, may lead to effective therapeutic interventions in all immune-related diseases. Activation of T lymphocytes induces robust immune responses that in most cases lead to the complete eradication of invading pathogens or tumor cells. At the same time, however, such responses must be both highly controlled in magnitude and limited in time to avoid unnecessary damage. To achieve such sophisticated level of control, T lymphocytes have at their disposal an array of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that ensure the acquisition of a phenotype that is tailored to the incoming stimulus while restraining unwarranted activation, eventually leading to the resolution of the inflammatory response. Here, we will discuss some of these cell-intrinsic mechanisms that control T cell responses and involve transcription factors, microRNAs, and RNA-binding proteins. We will also explore how the same mechanisms can be involved both in anti-tumor responses and in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Džafo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Niccolò Bianchi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Monticelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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7
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Cook ME, Jarjour NN, Lin CC, Edelson BT. Transcription Factor Bhlhe40 in Immunity and Autoimmunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:1023-1036. [PMID: 33039338 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (TF) Bhlhe40 is emerging as a key regulator of immunity during infection, autoimmunity, and inflammatory conditions. We describe the roles of Bhlhe40 in the circulating and tissue-resident arms of the immune system, with emphasis on recent work on the regulation of cytokine production and proliferation. We explore the mechanisms behind these functions in mouse models and human cells, including interactions with other TFs, and propose that Bhlhe40 is a central mediator of both inflammation and pathogen control, as well as a crucial regulator of a growing number of tissue-resident leukocyte populations. Finally, we suggest areas for further study that may advance our understanding of immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicholas N Jarjour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Zhou N, Chen X, Xi J, Ma B, Leimena C, Stoll S, Qin G, Wang C, Qiu H. Genomic characterization reveals novel mechanisms underlying the valosin-containing protein-mediated cardiac protection against heart failure. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101662. [PMID: 32795937 PMCID: PMC7426568 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypertension is a key risk factor for heart failure. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Our previous studies found that the valosin-containing protein (VCP), an ATPase-associated protein, was significantly decreased in the hypertensive heart tissues. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that restoration of VCP protected the heart against pressure overload-induced heart failure. With a cardiac-specific transgenic (TG) mouse model, we showed that a moderate increase of VCP was able to attenuate chronic pressure overload-induced maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. RNA sequencing and a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis further demonstrated that overexpression of VCP in the heart normalized the pressure overload-stimulated hypertrophic signals and repressed the stress-induced inflammatory response. In addition, VCP overexpression promoted cell survival by enhancing the mitochondria resistance to the oxidative stress via activating the Rictor-mediated-gene networks. VCP was also found to be involved in the regulation of the alternative splicing and differential isoform expression for some genes that are related to ATP production and protein synthesis by interacting with long no-coding RNAs and histone deacetylases, indicating a novel epigenetic regulation of VCP in integrating coding and noncoding genomic network in the stressed heart. In summary, our study demonstrated that the rescuing of a deficient VCP in the heart could prevent pressure overload-induced heart failure by rectifying cardiac hypertrophic and inflammatory signaling and enhancing the cardiac resistance to oxidative stress, which brought in novel insights into the understanding of the mechanism of VCP in protecting patients from hypertensive heart failure. Deficiency of VCP contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertensive heart failure. Rescue of VCP prevents stress-induced cardiac remodeling and cell death. VCP attenuates stress-induced inflammatory and hypertrophic signaling. VCP promotes cardiac resistance to oxidative stress. VCP mediates a novel epigenetic integrating regulation in the stressed heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for Genomics & Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jing Xi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Ben Ma
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institution of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Christiana Leimena
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Shaunrick Stoll
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics & Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institution of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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9
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Xue J, Dai Y, Li G, Lang W, Li P, Liu Y, Bao H, Zhao D, Pan H. DEC1 directly interacts with estrogen receptor (ER) α to suppress proliferation of ER-positive breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:740-745. [PMID: 32522343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant ERα signaling and altered circadian rhythms are both features of ER-positive breast cancer, however, the molecular interaction between them is still not fully understood. Herein, we analyzed the interplay between the circadian rhythm molecule DEC1 and ERα and its effect on the proliferation of ER-positive breast cancer cells, providing a new clue for clarifying the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this study, we revealed that DEC1 negatively regulates the proliferation of ER-positive breast cancer MCF-7 cells through interaction with ERα protein. DEC1 co-localized with ERα in the nucleus of MCF7 cells, stabilized ERα protein independently of its transcriptional activity and without affecting by estrogen stimulation and inhibited the degradation of ERα mediated by CHX in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, results from luciferase reporter assay showed that overexpression of DEC1 significantly inhibits ERα-mediated transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results together suggested that DEC1 may serve as a co-repressor of ERα in ER-positive breast cancer. Although DEC1 improved the stability of ERα and alleviated protein degradation, DEC1 inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 cells by decreasing ERα-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- School of Medical Technolog, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiya Lang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Qiqihar Jianhua Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongguang Bao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dalong Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Qiqihar Jianhua Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- School of Medical Technolog, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
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10
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Emming S, Bianchi N, Polletti S, Balestrieri C, Leoni C, Montagner S, Chirichella M, Delaleu N, Natoli G, Monticelli S. A molecular network regulating the proinflammatory phenotype of human memory T lymphocytes. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:388-399. [PMID: 32205878 PMCID: PMC7100912 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that modulate helper T lymphocyte functions is crucial to decipher normal and pathogenic immune responses in humans. To identify molecular determinants influencing the pathogenicity of T cells, we separated ex vivo-isolated primary human memory T lymphocytes on the basis of their ability to produce high levels of inflammatory cytokines. We found that the inflammatory, cytokine-producing phenotype of memory T lymphocytes was defined by a specific core gene signature and was mechanistically regulated by the constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway and by the expression of the transcriptional repressor BHLHE40. BHLHE40 attenuated the expression of anti-inflammatory factors, including miR-146a, a negative regulator of NF-κB activation and ZC3H12D, an RNase of the Regnase-1 family able to degrade inflammatory transcripts. Our data reveal a molecular network regulating the proinflammatory phenotype of human memory T lymphocytes, with the potential to contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Emming
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niccolò Bianchi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Polletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Leoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sara Montagner
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michele Chirichella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Delaleu
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,2C SysBioMed, Contra, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS (IEO), Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Monticelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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11
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Kiss Z, Mudryj M, Ghosh PM. Non-circadian aspects of BHLHE40 cellular function in cancer. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:1-19. [PMID: 32577154 PMCID: PMC7289903 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While many genes specifically act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, others are tumor promoters or suppressors in a context-dependent manner. Here we will review the basic-helix-loop-helix (BHLH) protein BHLHE40, (also known as BHLHB2, STRA13, DEC1, or SHARP2) which is overexpressed in gastric, breast, and brain tumors; and downregulated in colorectal, esophageal, pancreatic and lung cancer. As a transcription factor, BHLHE40 is expressed in the nucleus, where it binds to target gene promoters containing the E-box hexanucleotide sequence, but can also be expressed in the cytoplasm, where it stabilizes cyclin E, preventing cyclin E-mediated DNA replication and cell cycle progression. In different organs BHLHE40 regulates different targets; hence may have different impacts on tumorigenesis. BHLHE40 promotes PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation in breast cancer, activating tumor progression, but suppresses STAT1 expression in clear cell carcinoma, triggering tumor suppression. Target specificity likely depends on cooperation with other transcription factors. BHLHE40 is activated in lung and esophageal carcinoma by the tumor suppressor p53 inducing senescence and suppressing tumor growth, but is also activated under hypoxic conditions by HIF-1α in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinomas, stimulating tumor progression. Thus, BHLHE40 is a multi-functional protein that mediates the promotion or suppression of cancer in a context dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Kiss
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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12
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Rauschmeier R, Gustafsson C, Reinhardt A, A-Gonzalez N, Tortola L, Cansever D, Subramanian S, Taneja R, Rossner MJ, Sieweke MH, Greter M, Månsson R, Busslinger M, Kreslavsky T. Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 transcription factors regulate alveolar macrophage self-renewal and identity. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101233. [PMID: 31414712 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues in multicellular organisms are populated by resident macrophages, which perform both generic and tissue-specific functions. The latter are induced by signals from the microenvironment and rely on unique tissue-specific molecular programs requiring the combinatorial action of tissue-specific and broadly expressed transcriptional regulators. Here, we identify the transcription factors Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 as novel regulators of alveolar macrophages (AMs)-a population that provides the first line of immune defense and executes homeostatic functions in lung alveoli. In the absence of these factors, AMs exhibited decreased proliferation that resulted in a severe disadvantage of knockout AMs in a competitive setting. Gene expression analyses revealed a broad cell-intrinsic footprint of Bhlhe40/Bhlhe41 deficiency manifested by a downregulation of AM signature genes and induction of signature genes of other macrophage lineages. Genome-wide characterization of Bhlhe40 DNA binding suggested that these transcription factors directly repress the expression of lineage-inappropriate genes in AMs. Taken together, these results identify Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 as key regulators of AM self-renewal and guardians of their identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rauschmeier
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Reinhardt
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noelia A-Gonzalez
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luigi Tortola
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilay Cansever
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sethuraman Subramanian
- CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurobiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael H Sieweke
- CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Månsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Taras Kreslavsky
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Mutual suppression between BHLHE40/BHLHE41 and the MIR301B-MIR130B cluster is involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of endometrial cancer cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4640-4654. [PMID: 31384392 PMCID: PMC6659797 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 (BHLHE40/41) are basic helix-loop-helix type transcription factors involved in multiple cell activities including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the expression mechanism of BHLHE40/41 in EMT remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that the expression levels of BHLHE40/41 were negatively correlated with those of the microRNA (MIR) 130 family in endometrial cancer (EC) specimens. Our in vitro assays indicated that the expression of BHLHE40/41 was suppressed directly by the MIR130 family in a 3'-untranslated region-mediated manner. In EC cells, the MIR130 family promoted EMT and tumor cell invasion by suppressing the expression of BHLHE40/41. We identified the critical promoter region of the MIR301B-MIR130B cluster for its basal transcription by the transcription factor, SP1. We also found that BHLHE40/41 suppressed the expression of MIR301B and MIR130B, and we identified a binding site in the promoter region for BHLHE40/41. This study is the first to report that BHLHE40/41 and the MIR301B-MIR130B cluster suppressed each other to regulate EMT and invasion of EC cells. We propose that BHLHE40/41 and the MIR130 family are excellent markers to predict the progression of EC cases, and that molecular therapy targeting the MIR130 family-BHLHE40/41 axis may effectively control EC extension.
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14
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Kuo CL, Hsieh Li SM, Liang SY, Liu ST, Huang LC, Wang WM, Yen LC, Huang SM. The antitumor properties of metformin and phenformin reflect their ability to inhibit the actions of differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6567-6579. [PMID: 31410055 PMCID: PMC6643064 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s210637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1 (DEC1) is a helix-loop-helix transcription factor that directly binds to the class B E-box in target genes. DEC1 exerts both pro-survival and pro-apoptotic effects in a cell- and tissue-dependent manner. Its actions play role the progression of cancer remains unclear. Methods We first examined the functional roles of DEC1 using the transient promoter reporter assay. Then, the knockdown of DEC1 expression was performed with the short hairpin RNA strategy in HeLa and A2058 cancer cell lines to check the cell cycle and mitochondrial function profile using the flow cytometry and Seahorse assays. We later clarified the role of DEC1 in the tumorigenesis using the colony formation, anchorage-independent growth assay, and cellular proliferation analysis. Results In the present study, we tested two guanide-containing drugs, metformin and phenformin, and found that both exhibit cytotoxicity against HeLa cervical carcinoma and A2058 melanoma cells. This effect was mediated, at least in part, through activation of the AMPK pathway; degradation of important cellular proteins, such as DEC1 and p53; and suppression of mitochondrial function, colony formation, and anchorage-independent cell proliferation. Our results further suggest that the cytotoxicity of metformin and phenformin reflect the impact of the repressive actions of DEC1 on gene expression, including DEC1 itself. This in turn suppresses both anchorage-independent growth and cell proliferation. Conclusion These findings provide several lines of evidence suggesting that DEC1 activity contributes to tumorigenicity and that the antitumor properties of biguanides reflect their ability to inhibit DEC1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Kuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Man Hsieh Li
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yi Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Chen Yen
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
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15
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Bhlhe40 mediates tissue-specific control of macrophage proliferation in homeostasis and type 2 immunity. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:687-700. [PMID: 31061528 PMCID: PMC6531324 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most tissue-resident macrophage populations develop during embryogenesis, self-renew in the steady state and expand during type 2 immunity. Whether shared mechanisms regulate the proliferation of macrophages in homeostasis and disease is unclear. Here we found that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 was required in a cell-intrinsic manner for the self-renewal and maintenance of large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs), but not that of other tissue-resident macrophages. Bhlhe40 was necessary for the proliferation, but not the polarization, of LPMs in response to the cytokine IL-4. During infection with the helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri, Bhlhe40 was required for cell cycling of LPMs. Bhlhe40 repressed the expression of genes encoding the transcription factors c-Maf and Mafb and directly promoted expression of transcripts encoding cell cycle-related proteins to enable the proliferation of LPMs. In LPMs, Bhlhe40 bound to genomic sites co-bound by the macrophage lineage-determining factor PU.1 and to unique sites, including Maf and loci encoding cell-cycle-related proteins. Our findings demonstrate a tissue-specific control mechanism that regulates the proliferation of resident macrophages in homeostasis and type 2 immunity.
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16
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Hayakawa K, Li YS, Shinton SA, Bandi SR, Formica AM, Brill-Dashoff J, Hardy RR. Crucial Role of Increased Arid3a at the Pre-B and Immature B Cell Stages for B1a Cell Generation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:457. [PMID: 30930899 PMCID: PMC6428705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lin28b+Let7− axis in fetal/neonatal development plays a role in promoting CD5+ B1a cell generation as a B-1 B cell developmental outcome. Here we identify the Let7 target, Arid3a, as a crucial molecular effector of the B-1 cell developmental program. Arid3a expression is increased at pro-B cell stage and markedly increased at pre-B and immature B cell stages in the fetal/neonatal liver B-1 development relative to that in the Lin28b−Let7+ adult bone marrow (BM) B-2 cell development. Analysis of B-lineage restricted Lin28b transgenic (Tg) mice, Arid3a knockout and Arid3a Tg mice, confirmed that increased Arid3a allows B cell generation without requiring surrogate light chain (SLC) associated pre-BCR stage, and prevents MHC class II cell expression at the pre-B and newly generated immature B cell stages, distinct from pre-BCR dependent B development with MHC class II in adult BM. Moreover, Arid3a plays a crucial role in supporting B1a cell generation. The increased Arid3a leads higher Myc and Bhlhe41, and lower Siglec-G and CD72 at the pre-B and immature B cell stages than normal adult BM, to allow BCR signaling induced B1a cell generation. Arid3a-deficiency selectively blocks the development of B1a cells, while having no detectable effect on CD5− B1b, MZ B, and FO B cell generation resembling B-2 development outcome. Conversely, enforced expression of Arid3a by transgene is sufficient to promote the development of B1a cells from adult BM. Under the environment change between birth to adult, altered BCR repertoire in increased B1a cells occurred generated from adult BM. However, crossed with B1a-restricted VH/D/J IgH knock-in mice allowed to confirm that SLC-unassociated B1a cell increase and CLL/lymphoma generation can occur in aged from Arid3a increased adult BM. These results confirmed that in fetal/neonatal normal mice, increased Arid3a at the pre-B cell and immature B cell stages is crucial for generating B1a cells together with the environment for self-ligand reactive BCR selection, B1a cell maintenance, and potential for development of CLL/Lymphoma in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hayakawa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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17
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Lee PC, Wildt DE, Comizzoli P. Proteomic analysis of germinal vesicles in the domestic cat model reveals candidate nuclear proteins involved in oocyte competence acquisition. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:14-26. [PMID: 29126204 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do nuclear proteins in the germinal vesicle (GV) contribute to oocyte competence acquisition during folliculogenesis? SUMMARY ANSWER Proteomic analysis of GVs identified candidate proteins for oocyte competence acquisition, including a key RNA processing protein-heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The domestic cat GV, which is physiologically similar to the human GV, gains the intrinsic ability to resume meiosis and support early embryo development during the pre-antral-to-antral follicle transition. However, little is known about nuclear proteins that contribute to this developmental process. STUDY DESIGN SIZE, DURATION GVs were enriched from pre-antral (incompetent) and antral (competent) follicles from 802 cat ovaries. Protein lysates were subjected to quantitative proteomic analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins in GVs from the two follicular categories. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Two biological replicates (from independent pools of ovaries) of pre-antral versus antral samples were labeled by tandem mass tags and then assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomic data were analyzed according to gene ontology and a protein-protein interaction network. Immunofluorescent staining and protein inhibition assays were used for validation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 174 nuclear proteins was identified, with 54 being up-regulated and 22 down-regulated (≥1.5-fold) after antrum formation. Functional protein analysis through gene ontology over-representation tests revealed that changes in molecular network within the GVs during this transitional phase were related to chromatin reorganization, gene transcription, and maternal RNA processing and storage. Protein inhibition assays verified that hnRNPA2B1, a key nuclear protein identified, was required for oocyte meiotic maturation and subsequent blastocyst formation. LARGE SCALE DATA Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD007211. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION Proteins identified by proteomic comparison may (i) be involved in processes other than competence acquisition during the pre-antral-to-antral transition or (ii) be co-expressed in other macrostructures besides the GV. Expressional and functional validations should be performed for candidate proteins before downstream application. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Collective results generated a blueprint to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in GV competence acquisition and identified potential nuclear competence markers for human fertility preservation. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funded by the National Center for Research Resources (R01 RR026064), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and currently by the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/Office of the Director (R01 OD010948). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-C Lee
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - D E Wildt
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - P Comizzoli
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA
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18
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Chang HC, Kao CH, Chung SY, Chen WC, Aninda LP, Chen YH, Juan YA, Chen SL. Bhlhe40 differentially regulates the function and number of peroxisomes and mitochondria in myogenic cells. Redox Biol 2018; 20:321-333. [PMID: 30391825 PMCID: PMC6218633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α is a key regulator of oxidative metabolism facilitating the expression of genes critical for the function and biogenesis of the two key oxidative organelles, mitochondria and peroxisomes, in skeletal muscle (SKM) and other organs. Our recent studies have found that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 negatively regulates PGC-1α gene expression and its coactivational activity, therefore, this factor should have profound influence on the biogenesis and metabolic activity of mitochondria and peroxisomes. Here we found that both the number and activity of peroxisomes were increased upon knockdown of Bhlhe40 expression but were repressed by its over-expression. Mitochondrial efficiency was significantly reduced by Bhlhe40 knockdown, resulting in the burst of ROS. Over-expression of a constitutively active PGC-1α-interactive domain (named as VBH135) of Bhlhe40 mimicked the effects of its knockdown on peroxisomes but simultaneously reduced ROS level. Furthermore, the efficiency, but not the number, of mitochondria was also increased by VBH135, suggesting differential regulation of peroxisomes and mitochondria by Bhlhe40. Unsaturated fatty acid oxidation, insulin response, and oxidative respiration were highly enhanced in Bhlhe40 knockdown or VBH135 over-expressed cells, suggesting the importance of Bhlhe40 in the regulation of unsaturated fatty acid and glucose oxidative metabolism. Expression profiling of genes important for either organelle also supports differential regulation of peroxisomes and mitochondria by Bhlhe40. These observations have established the important role of Bhlhe40 in SKM oxidative metabolism as the critical regulator of peroxisome and mitochondrion biogenesis and functions, and thus should provide a novel route for developing drugs targeting SKM metabolic diseases. Knockout of Bhlhe40 increased ROS but over-expression of Bhlhe40 reduced ROS. Peroxisome number was increased by Bhlhe40 knockout or VBH135 overexpression. Mitochondrial efficiency was reduced by Bhlhe40 knockout but increased by VBH135. Oxidative respiration was enhanced by Bhlhe40 knockdown or VBH135 overexpression. Bhlhe40 repressed PGC-1α coactivation of nuclear gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Chia Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien Han Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih Ying Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lulus Putri Aninda
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi Huan Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi An Juan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen Liang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC.
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19
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Zheng Q, Wang C, Wang L, Zhang D, Liu N, Ming X, Zhou H, Guli Q, Liu Y. Interaction with SP1, but not binding to the E-box motifs, is responsible for BHLHE40/DEC1-induced transcriptional suppression of CLDN1 and cell invasion in MCF-7 cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1116-1129. [PMID: 29704436 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (BHLHE40) is located in 3p26.1 and acts as a transcriptional repressor of the circadian rhythm by suppressing the expression of the clock genes and clock-controlled genes. Recent research indicated that BHLHE40 may be involved in regulating tumor cell progression. However the mechanism by which BHLHE40 regulates the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells is unclear. Our in vitro assays showed that BHLHE40 promoted tumor cell invasion while BHLHE40 silencing by siRNA suppressed tumor cell invasion of MCF-7 cells. BHLHE40 suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of CLDN1 CLDN4 and CDH1 and promoted the expression of SNAI1 and SNAI2. Reporter assays demonstrated that BHLHE40 suppressed CLDN1 transcription but not through direct binding to the E-box motifs in the CLDN1 promoter. Further studies demonstrated BHLHE40 suppressed CLDN1 transcription by preventing the interaction between SP1 and a specific motif within the promoter region of CLDN1. BHLHE40 could not further suppress CLDN1 transactivation after SP1 siRNA transfection that is, BHLHE40-induced suppression of CLDN1 relied on SP1. Furthermore our data indicated that SP1 was a major regulator of CLDN1 transcription by binding to a specific motif that was located at -233 to -61 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Immunoprecipitation and co-localization data revealed an interaction between BHLHE40 and SP1. By constructing deletion mutants we found that the BHLH and Orange regions are both essential for the BHLHE40-SP1 interaction. BHLHE40 probably acts as an inhibitory nuclear cofactor or perhaps recruits other inhibitory cofactors to inhibit the SP1-mediated CLDN1 transactivation. These results suggest that BHLHE40 facilitates cell invasion and may be used as a novel target for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaocui Ming
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Tacheng Region, Tacheng, China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Tacheng Region, Tacheng, China
| | - Qiere Guli
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Tacheng Region, Tacheng, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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20
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Liu Q, Wu Y, Seino H, Haga T, Yoshizawa T, Morohashi S, Kijima H. Correlation between DEC1/DEC2 and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human prostate cancer PC‑3 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3859-3865. [PMID: 30106153 PMCID: PMC6131663 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte (DEC) genes have been reported to be involved in the regulation of mammalian circadian rhythms, differentiation, apoptosis, the response to hypoxia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is known to promote EMT for the development of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). However, the role of DEC genes in the TGF-β-induced EMT of PCa remains unclear. In the present study it was demonstrated that TGF-β increased the transcriptional/translational levels of DEC1 but decreased those of DEC2 in PC-3 cells. Moreover, TGF-β evoked the phosphorylation of Smad2, followed by the activation of mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin and vimentin, in addition to the suppression of epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin. The knockdown of DEC1 restrained TGF-β-induced cell morphology changes as well as cell motility, which was compatible with the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of pSmad2, N-cadherin, and vimentin. However, DEC2 knockdown endorsed PC-3 cells with a more metastatic phenotype. EMT-related markers in DEC2 siRNA-transfected cells exhibited a reverse expression pattern when compared with that in DEC1 siRNA-transfected cells. Taken together, these results provide evidence that DEC1 and DEC2 have opposite effects on TGF-β-induced EMT in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8562, Japan
| | - Yunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8562, Japan
| | - Hiroko Seino
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8562, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Haga
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8562, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8562, Japan
| | - Satoko Morohashi
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8562, Japan
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21
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Noshiro M, Kawamoto T, Nakashima A, Ozaki N, Ueno T, Saeki M, Honda K, Fujimoto K, Kato Y. Deficiency of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor DEC1 prevents obesity induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Genes Cells 2018; 23:658-669. [PMID: 29968353 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem in developed countries resulting from increased food intake and decreased energy consumption and usually associated with abnormal lipid metabolism. Here, we show that DEC1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, plays an important role in the regulation of lipid consumption in mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is the major site of thermogenesis. Homozygous Dec1 deletion attenuated high-fat-diet-induced obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, fat volume and hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, DEC1 deficiency increased body temperature during daytime and enhanced the expression of uncoupler protein 1, a key factor of thermogenesis, and various lipolysis-related genes in interscapular BAT. In vitro experiments suggested that DEC1 suppresses the expression of various lipolysis-related genes induced by the heterodimer of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) through direct binding to RXRα. These observations suggest that enhanced lipolysis in BAT caused by DEC1 deficiency leads to an increase in lipid consumption, thereby decreasing lipid accumulation in adipose tissues and the liver. Thus, DEC1 may serve as an energy-saving factor that suppresses lipid consumption, which may be relevant to managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Writing Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Ozaki
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ueno
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayumi Saeki
- Health Examination Center, Chugoku Rousai Hospital, Kure, Japan
| | - Kiyomasa Honda
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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22
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Huang Y, Lai X, Hu L, Lei C, Lan X, Zhang C, Ma Y, Zheng L, Bai Y, Lin F, Chen H. Over‐expression of DEC1 inhibits myogenic differentiation by modulating MyoG activity in bovine satellite cell. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9365-9374. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xinsheng Lai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- The Laboratory of Synaptic Development and Plasticity, Institute of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- School of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Linyong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular BiologyJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal UniversityInstitute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro‐Bioresources in Dabie MountainsXinyangHenanChina
| | - Li Zheng
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and EconomyZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yue‐Yu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Fengpeng Lin
- Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Biyang CountyBiyangHenanChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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23
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Abstract
Huynh et al. and Yu et al. demonstrate that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 acts is a repressor of IL-10 production during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Toxoplasma gondii. Deletion of Bhlhe40 in both cases resulted in chronic infection and increased pathogen load as a consequence of increased IL-10 production. In this issue of JEM, two complementary manuscripts by Huynh et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20171704) and Yu et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170155) demonstrate that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 acts as a repressor of IL-10 production during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Toxoplasma gondii. Deletion of Bhlhe40 in both cases resulted in chronic infection and increased pathogen load as a consequence of increased IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Gabryšová
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
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24
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Huynh JP, Lin CC, Kimmey JM, Jarjour NN, Schwarzkopf EA, Bradstreet TR, Shchukina I, Shpynov O, Weaver CT, Taneja R, Artyomov MN, Edelson BT, Stallings CL. Bhlhe40 is an essential repressor of IL-10 during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1823-1838. [PMID: 29773644 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine IL-10 antagonizes pathways that control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Nevertheless, the impact of IL-10 during Mtb infection has been difficult to decipher because loss-of-function studies in animal models have yielded only mild phenotypes. We have discovered that the transcription factor basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (Bhlhe40) is required to repress Il10 expression during Mtb infection. Loss of Bhlhe40 in mice results in higher Il10 expression, higher bacterial burden, and early susceptibility similar to that observed in mice lacking IFN-γ. Deletion of Il10 in Bhlhe40-/- mice reverses these phenotypes. Bhlhe40 deletion in T cells or CD11c+ cells is sufficient to cause susceptibility to Mtb Bhlhe40 represents the first transcription factor found to be essential during Mtb infection to specifically regulate Il10 expression, revealing the importance of strict control of IL-10 production by innate and adaptive immune cells during infection. Our findings uncover a previously elusive but significant role for IL-10 in Mtb pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jacqueline M Kimmey
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nicholas N Jarjour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elizabeth A Schwarzkopf
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tara R Bradstreet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Oleg Shpynov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,JetBrains Research, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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25
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DEC1/STRA13 is a key negative regulator of activation-induced proliferation of human B cells highly expressed in anergic cells. Immunol Lett 2018; 198:7-11. [PMID: 29601939 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor DEC1/STRA13 (also known as BHLHE40 and SHARP2) is involved in a number of processes including inhibition of cell proliferation and delay of cell cycle, and is a negative regulator of B cell activation and development in mice. We show here that, unlike in mice, DEC1/STRA13 expression is induced in human naïve and memory resting B cells by activation through the B-cell receptor (BCR) or Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). siRNA silencing of DEC1/STRA13 increases the capacity of activated B cells to perform a high number of divisions after TLR9 ligation. This identifies DEC1/STRA13 as a critical negative regulator of clonal expansion of activated human B cells. We also show that DEC1/STRA13 is upregulated in human anergic CD21low B cells clonally expanded in patients with HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia, which fail to proliferate in response to BCR or TLR9 ligation. siRNA knockdown of DEC1/STRA13, however, fails to restore responsiveness to stimuli in these cells, although it might improve the proliferative capacity in a subset of anergic cells with less pronounced proliferative defect.
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26
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Long Y, Tsai WB, Chang JT, Estecio M, Wangpaichitr M, Savaraj N, Feun LG, Chen HHW, Kuo MT. Cisplatin-induced synthetic lethality to arginine-starvation therapy by transcriptional suppression of ASS1 is regulated by DEC1, HIF-1α, and c-Myc transcription network and is independent of ASS1 promoter DNA methylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82658-82670. [PMID: 27765932 PMCID: PMC5347722 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human tumors require extracellular arginine (Arg) for growth because the key enzyme for de novo biosynthesis of Arg, argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), is silenced. These tumors are sensitive to Arg-starvation therapy using pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) which digests extracellular Arg. Many previous studies reported that ASS1 silencing is due to epigenetic inactivation of ASS1 expression by DNA methylation, and that the demethylation agent 5-aza-deoxycytidine (Aza-dC) can induce ASS1 expression. Moreover, it was reported that cisplatin suppresses ASS1 expression through ASS1 promoter methylation, leading to synthetic lethality to ADI-PEG20 treatment. We report here that cisplatin supppresses ASS1 expression is due to upregulation of HIF-1α and downregulation of c-Myc, which function as negative and positive regulators of ASS1 expression, respectively, by reciprocal bindings to the ASS1 promoter. In contrast, we found that Aza-dC induces ASS1 expression by downregulation of HIF-1α but upregulation of c-Myc. We further demonstrated that the clock protein DEC1 is the master regulator of HIF-1α and c-Myc that regulate ASS1. cDDP upregulates DEC1, whereas Aza-dC suppresses its expression. Using two proteasomal inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib which induce HIF-1α accumulation, we further demonstrated that HIF-1α is involved in ASS1 silencing for the maintenance of Arg auxotrophy for targeted Arg-starvation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wen-Bin Tsai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marcos Estecio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Naramol Savaraj
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lynn G Feun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Helen H W Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Macus Tien Kuo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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27
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Abstract
Chronotherapeutics aim at treating illnesses according to the endogenous biologic rhythms, which moderate xenobiotic metabolism and cellular drug response. The molecular clocks present in individual cells involve approximately fifteen clock genes interconnected in regulatory feedback loops. They are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei, a hypothalamic pacemaker, which also adjusts the circadian rhythms to environmental cycles. As a result, many mechanisms of diseases and drug effects are controlled by the circadian timing system. Thus, the tolerability of nearly 500 medications varies by up to fivefold according to circadian scheduling, both in experimental models and/or patients. Moreover, treatment itself disrupted, maintained, or improved the circadian timing system as a function of drug timing. Improved patient outcomes on circadian-based treatments (chronotherapy) have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, especially for cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, recent technological advances have highlighted large interpatient differences in circadian functions resulting in significant variability in chronotherapy response. Such findings advocate for the advancement of personalized chronotherapeutics through interdisciplinary systems approaches. Thus, the combination of mathematical, statistical, technological, experimental, and clinical expertise is now shaping the development of dedicated devices and diagnostic and delivery algorithms enabling treatment individualization. In particular, multiscale systems chronopharmacology approaches currently combine mathematical modeling based on cellular and whole-body physiology to preclinical and clinical investigations toward the design of patient-tailored chronotherapies. We review recent systems research works aiming to the individualization of disease treatment, with emphasis on both cancer management and circadian timing system–resetting strategies for improving chronic disease control and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Ballesta
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Pasquale F Innominato
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - David A Rand
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Francis A Lévi
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
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28
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Liu Q, Imaizumi T, Murakami K, Tanaka H, Wu Y, Yoshizawa T, Morohashi S, Seino H, Kijima H. DEC1 negatively regulates the expression of CXCL10 and CCL5 induced by poly IC in normal human mesangial cells. Biomed Res 2017; 38:249-255. [PMID: 28794402 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.38.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The functions of differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene (DEC) 1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, have been reported to be associated with the regulation of mammalian circadian rhythms, differentiation of chondrocytes and skeletal muscles, apoptosis, hypoxia-induced reactions and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Our previous report showed that another bHLH transcription factor DEC2 constitutes a negative feedback loop in Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)/interferon (IFN)-β-mediated inflammatory responses in human mesangial cells. However, the role of DEC1 in innate immune responses remains unclear. We have previously reported TLR3/IFN-β/retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)/CCL5 and TLR3/IFN-β/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)/CXCL10 axes in cultured normal human mesangial cells treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), a synthetic double-stranded RNA that is sensed by TLR3. The present study was carried out to examine the involvement of DEC1 in these axes. DEC1 was constitutively expressed in human mesangial cells, and the expression was not altered by treatment with poly IC. Interestingly, RNA interference against DEC1 markedly enhanced the poly IC-induced expression of chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5. Knockdown of DEC1 increased the poly IC-induced MDA5 and RIG-I protein expression without affecting mRNA expression, and did not affect phosphorylation of signal transducer and transcription 1 (STAT1). DEC1 may serve as an anti-inflammatory factor by negative regulation of MDA5/CXCL10 and RIG-I/CCL5 in human mesangial cells treated with poly IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Keishu Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital
- Department of School Health Science, Hirosaki University Faculty of Education
| | - Yunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Satoko Morohashi
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroko Seino
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
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29
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Liu Q, Wu Y, Yoshizawa T, Yan X, Morohashi S, Seino H, Kato Y, Kijima H. Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor DEC2 functions as an anti-apoptotic factor during paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1727-1733. [PMID: 27840924 PMCID: PMC5117753 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor-differentiated embryonic chondrocyte (DEC)1 (BHLHE40) and 2 (BHLHE41) are involved in various fields such as circadian rhythms, immune responses, cell proliferation, hypoxia reaction as well as malignant tumors. Previous findings showed that DEC served as apoptosis regulators of various cancer cell lines. However, little is known regarding the expression of DEC1 and DEC2 in prostate cancer cells. The present study aimed to examine the roles of DEC1 and DEC2 in human prostate cancer DU145 and PC-3 cells that were treated with paclitaxel. The expression of DEC1 and DEC2 was decreased in DU145 cells but was increased in PC-3 cells when treated with paclitaxel. DU145 cells were more sensitive to paclitaxel than PC-3 cells since the amount of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) reached its peak at 50 µM of paclitaxel in DU145 cells but at 100 µM in PC-3 cells. In addition, the amount of cleaved PARP was decreased by DEC1 siRNA, while it was increased by DEC2 siRNA in the presence of paclitaxel. Although DEC2 overexpression slightly inhibited cleaved PARP in the two cell lines, the effects of DEC1 overexpression on apoptosis remain to be determined. In conclusion, DEC1, at least partly, exerted a pro-apoptotic effect, whereas DEC2 exerted an anti-apoptotic effect in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Satoko Morohashi
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroko Seino
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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30
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Li XM, Lin W, Wang J, Zhang W, Yin AA, Huang Y, Zhang J, Yao L, Bian H, Zhang J, Zhang X. Dec1 expression predicts prognosis and the response to temozolomide chemotherapy in patients with glioma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5626-5636. [PMID: 27840944 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated embryo chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (Dec1), a crucial cell differentiation mediator and apoptosis inhibitor, is abundantly expressed in various types of human cancer and is associated with malignant tumor progression. As poor differentiation and low apoptosis are closely associated with poor survival rates and a poor response to radio/chemotherapy in patients with cancer, the prognostic value of Dec1 expression was examined in the present study and its correlation with response to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy was analyzed in patients with glioma. Dec1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 157 samples of newly diagnosed glioma and 63 recurrent glioblastoma cases that relapsed during TMZ chemotherapy. Correlations with clinical variables, prognosis and the response to TMZ chemotherapy were analyzed in the newly diagnosed gliomas. Dec1 expression was also compared with the apoptosis index determined by TdT‑mediated dUTP nick ending‑labeling assay in recurrent glioblastomas. The antiglioma effect of TMZ in nude mice xenografts with Dec1 expression was examined in vivo. High expression of Dec1, which was significantly associated with high pathological tumor grade and poor response to TMZ chemotherapy, was demonstrated to be an unfavorable independent prognostic factor and predicted poor survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioma. In patients with recurrent glioblastoma, there was a negative correlation between Dec1 expression and the apoptotic index. In nude mice treated with TMZ, Dec1 overexpression potentiated proliferation, but attenuated TMZ‑induced apoptosis. In conclusion, Dec1 is a prognostic factor for the clinical outcome and a predictive factor for the response to TMZ chemotherapy in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - An-An Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Libo Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Huan Bian
- Cadet Brigade Team Three, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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An Integrative Analysis of Preeclampsia Based on the Construction of an Extended Composite Network Featuring Protein-Protein Physical Interactions and Transcriptional Relationships. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165849. [PMID: 27802351 PMCID: PMC5089765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder defined by hypertension and proteinuria. This disease remains a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Defective placentation is generally described as being at the root of the disease. The characterization of the transcriptome signature of the preeclamptic placenta has allowed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). However, we still lack a detailed knowledge on how these DEGs impact the function of the placenta. The tools of network biology offer a methodology to explore complex diseases at a systems level. In this study we performed a cross-platform meta-analysis of seven publically available gene expression datasets comparing non-pathological and preeclamptic placentas. Using the rank product algorithm we identified a total of 369 DEGs consistently modified in PE. The DEGs were used as seeds to build both an extended physical protein-protein interactions network and a transcription factors regulatory network. Topological and clustering analysis was conducted to analyze the connectivity properties of the networks. Finally both networks were merged into a composite network which presents an integrated view of the regulatory pathways involved in preeclampsia and the crosstalk between them. This network is a useful tool to explore the relationship between the DEGs and enable hypothesis generation for functional experimentation.
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32
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Bharathy N, Suriyamurthy S, Rao VK, Ow JR, Lim HJ, Chakraborty P, Vasudevan M, Dhamne CA, Chang KTE, Min VLK, Kundu TK, Taneja R. P/CAF mediates PAX3-FOXO1-dependent oncogenesis in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. J Pathol 2016; 240:269-281. [PMID: 27453350 DOI: 10.1002/path.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is an aggressive paediatric cancer of skeletal muscle with poor prognosis. A PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein acts as a driver of malignancy in ARMS by disrupting tightly coupled but mutually exclusive pathways of proliferation and differentiation. While PAX3-FOXO1 is an attractive therapeutic target, no current treatments are designed to block its oncogenic activity. The present work shows that the histone acetyltransferase P/CAF (KAT2B) is overexpressed in primary tumours from ARMS patients. Interestingly, in fusion-positive ARMS cell lines, P/CAF acetylates and stabilizes PAX3-FOXO1 rather than MyoD, a master regulator of muscle differentiation. Silencing P/CAF, or pharmacological inhibition of its acetyltransferase activity, down-regulates PAX3-FOXO1 levels concomitant with reduced proliferation and tumour burden in xenograft mouse models. Our studies identify a P/CAF-PAX3-FOXO1 signalling node that promotes oncogenesis and may contribute to MyoD dysfunction in ARMS. This work exemplifies the therapeutic potential of targeting chromatin-modifying enzymes to inhibit fusion oncoproteins that are a frequent event in sarcomas. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Bharathy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudha Suriyamurthy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Kumar Rao
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Rong Ow
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huey Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Payal Chakraborty
- Bionivid Technology Pvt Ltd, 401-4 AB Cross, 1st Main, Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore, India
| | - Madavan Vasudevan
- Bionivid Technology Pvt Ltd, 401-4 AB Cross, 1st Main, Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Victor Lee Kwan Min
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Kong Y, Wang Z, Jia Y, Li P, Hao S, Wang Y. Effects of mutants in bHLH region on structure stability and protein-DNA binding energy in DECs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1849-1862. [PMID: 27499354 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1196463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kong
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhang Qiu People Hospital, No. 1920 Huiquan Road, Zhangqiu 250200, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Hao
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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Butler MP, Honma S, Fukumoto T, Kawamoto T, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M, Kato Y, Honma KI. Dec1 and Dec2 Expression is Disrupted in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei of Clock Mutant Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2016; 19:126-34. [PMID: 15038852 DOI: 10.1177/0748730403262870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
DEC1 and DEC2 are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that functionally resemble negative feedback components of the mammalian circadian clock. The genes Dec1 and Dec2 are expressed rhythmically in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei, and Dec1 expression is stimulated by light in a timedependent manner with the kinetics of an immediate early gene. DEC1 and DEC2 can inhibit CLOCK:BMAL1 transactivation of the clock gene Per1, suggesting that these transcription factors may help regulate circadian timing. The authors present data on the expression pattern of Dec1 and Dec2 in wild-type and homozygous Clock mutant mice. In the suprachiasmatic nuclei, the Clock mutation significantly reduces the expression of Dec1 and Dec2. Dec1 becomes arrhythmic; Dec2 remains weakly rhythmic in a 12L:12D light-dark cycle but is arrhythmic in constant darkness. A robust attenuation of the Dec1 and Dec2 signals in Clock mutant mice was detected in all brain areas examined. These data point to up-regulation of Dec1 and Dec2 by Clock in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Preston Butler
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Noshiro M, Furukawa M, Honma S, Kawamoto T, Hamada T, Honma KI, Kato Y. Tissue-Specific Disruption of Rhythmic Expression of Dec1 and Dec2 in Clock Mutant Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2016; 20:404-18. [PMID: 16267380 DOI: 10.1177/0748730405280195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
DEC1 and DEC2—basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors—exhibit a circadian expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other peripheral tissues and seem to play roles in regulating the mammalian circadian rhythm by suppressing the CLOCK/BMAL1-activated promoters of Per1, Dec1, and Dec2. The authors present data on the expression patterns of mRNA for Dec1, Dec2, Per2, Dbp, and Npas2 in various tissues of wild-type and homozygous Clock mutant mice ( Clock/ Clock). The Clock mutation resulted in extreme reduction of Dec1 expression in kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle but not in liver, whereas it strongly repressed Dec2 expression in liver, kidney, and heart, while Dec2 expression in skeletal muscle remained rhythmic. Per2 also showed the tissue-dependent disruption of the rhythmicity by Clock mutation, whereas rhythmic expression of Dbp in Clock mutant mice disappeared in all tissues examined. Npas2, a structurally and functionally related gene to Clock, showed significant levels of expression in the liver and kidney with a robust rhythmicity, which was also affected by Clock mutation. These marked changes in the Dec1 and Dec2 expression, as well as in the Per2, Dbp, and Npas2 expression in the periphery by Clock mutation, indicated that CLOCK plays a major role in the expression of these genes in most tissues. However, circadian expression of Dec1 in liver and kidney and that of Dec2 in skeletal muscle of Clock mutant mice suggested that CLOCK-independent circadian regulation operates in some tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Fujita Y, Makishima M, Bhawal UK. Differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1 (DEC1) is a novel negative regulator of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in aging mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:477-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Sato F, Bhawal UK, Yoshimura T, Muragaki Y. DEC1 and DEC2 Crosstalk between Circadian Rhythm and Tumor Progression. J Cancer 2016; 7:153-9. [PMID: 26819638 PMCID: PMC4716847 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clock genes, major regulators of circadian rhythm, are involved in tumor progression. We have shown that clock genes basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) transcription factors, differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1 (DEC1/BHLHE40/Sharp2/Stra13) and DEC2 (BHLHE41/Sharp1) play important roles in circadian rhythm, cell proliferation, apoptosis, hypoxia response, various stresses, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. Various stresses, such as exposure to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), hypoxia, cytokines, serum-free, and anti-tumor drugs affect DEC1 and DEC2 expression. An increased or decreased expression of DEC1 and DEC2 regulated tumor progression. However, DEC1 and DEC2 have opposite effects in tumor progression, where the reason behind remains unclear. We found that DEC2 has circadian expression in implanted mouse sarcoma cells, suggesting that DEC2 regulates tumor progression under circadian rhythm. In addition to that, we showed that DEC1 and DEC2 regulate target genes via positive or negative feedback system in tumor progression. We propose that DEC1 and DEC2 act as an accelerator or a brake in tumor progression. In this review, we summarize current progress of knowledge in the function of DEC1 and DEC2 genes in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- 2. Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshimura
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Asanoma K, Liu G, Yamane T, Miyanari Y, Takao T, Yagi H, Ohgami T, Ichinoe A, Sonoda K, Wake N, Kato K. Regulation of the Mechanism of TWIST1 Transcription by BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 in Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:4096-109. [PMID: 26391953 PMCID: PMC4648814 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00678-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 (BHLHE40/41) are basic helix-loop-helix type transcription factors that play key roles in multiple cell behaviors. BHLHE40/41 were recently shown to be involved in an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the precise mechanism of EMT control by BHLHE40/41 remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that BHLHE40/41 expression was controlled in a pathological stage-dependent manner in human endometrial cancer (HEC). Our in vitro assays showed that BHLHE40/41 suppressed tumor cell invasion. BHLHE40/41 also suppressed the transcription of the EMT effectors SNAI1, SNAI2, and TWIST1. We identified the critical promoter regions of TWIST1 for its basal transcriptional activity. We elucidated that the transcription factor SP1 was involved in the basal transcriptional activity of TWIST1 and that BHLHE40/41 competed with SP1 for DNA binding to regulate gene transcription. This study is the first to report the detailed functions of BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 in the suppression of EMT effectors in vitro. Our results suggest that BHLHE40/41 suppress tumor cell invasion by inhibiting EMT in tumor cells. We propose that BHLHE40/41 are promising markers to predict the aggressiveness of each HEC case and that molecular targeting strategies involving BHLHE40/41 and SP1 may effectively regulate HEC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Asanoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ge Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takako Yamane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Miyanari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ohgami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akimasa Ichinoe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenzo Sonoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Wake
- Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Bi H, Li S, Qu X, Wang M, Bai X, Xu Z, Ao X, Jia Z, Jiang X, Yang Y, Wu H. DEC1 regulates breast cancer cell proliferation by stabilizing cyclin E protein and delays the progression of cell cycle S phase. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1891. [PMID: 26402517 PMCID: PMC4650443 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer that is accompanied by a high level of cyclin E expression usually exhibits poor prognosis and clinical outcome. Several factors are known to regulate the level of cyclin E during the cell cycle progression. The transcription factor DEC1 (also known as STRA13 and SHARP2) plays an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the mechanism of its role in cell proliferation is poorly understood. In this study, using the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D, we showed that DEC1 could inhibit the cell cycle progression of breast cancer cells independently of its transcriptional activity. The cell cycle-dependent timing of DEC1 overexpression could affect the progression of the cell cycle through regulating the level of cyclin E protein. DEC1 stabilized cyclin E at the protein level by interacting with cyclin E. Overexpression of DEC1 repressed the interaction between cyclin E and its E3 ligase Fbw7α, consequently reducing the level of polyunbiquitinated cyclin E and increased the accumulation of non-ubiquitinated cyclin E. Furthermore, DEC1 also promoted the nuclear accumulation of Cdk2 and the formation of cyclin E/Cdk2 complex, as well as upregulating the activity of the cyclin E/Cdk2 complex, which inhibited the subsequent association of cyclin A with Cdk2. This had the effect of prolonging the S phase and suppressing the growth of breast cancers in a mouse xenograft model. These events probably constitute the essential steps in DEC1-regulated cell proliferation, thus opening up the possibility of a protein-based molecular strategy for eliminating cancer cells that manifest a high-level expression of cyclin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - S Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - X Qu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - M Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - X Bai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Z Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - X Ao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Z Jia
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - X Jiang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Y Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - H Wu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.,School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
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LaGory EL, Wu C, Taniguchi CM, Ding CKC, Chi JT, von Eyben R, Scott DA, Richardson AD, Giaccia AJ. Suppression of PGC-1α Is Critical for Reprogramming Oxidative Metabolism in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2015; 12:116-127. [PMID: 26119730 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long believed to be a byproduct of malignant transformation, reprogramming of cellular metabolism is now recognized as a driving force in tumorigenesis. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), frequent activation of HIF signaling induces a metabolic switch that promotes tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that PGC-1α, a central regulator of energy metabolism, is suppressed in VHL-deficient ccRCC by a HIF/Dec1-dependent mechanism. In VHL wild-type cells, PGC-1α suppression leads to decreased expression of the mitochondrial transcription factor Tfam and impaired mitochondrial respiration. Conversely, PGC-1α expression in VHL-deficient cells restores mitochondrial function and induces oxidative stress. ccRCC cells expressing PGC-1α exhibit impaired tumor growth and enhanced sensitivity to cytotoxic therapies. In patients, low levels of PGC-1α expression are associated with poor outcome. These studies demonstrate that suppression of PGC-1α recapitulates key metabolic phenotypes of ccRCC and highlight the potential of targeting PGC-1α expression as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L LaGory
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Colleen Wu
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cullen M Taniguchi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chien-Kuang Cornelia Ding
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rie von Eyben
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A Scott
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adam D Richardson
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Bhlhe40 Represses PGC-1α Activity on Metabolic Gene Promoters in Myogenic Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2518-29. [PMID: 25963661 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00387-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator promoting oxidative metabolism in many tissues. Its expression in skeletal muscle (SKM) is induced by hypoxia and reactive oxidative species (ROS) generated during exercise, suggesting that PGC-1α might mediate the cross talk between oxidative metabolism and cellular responses to hypoxia and ROS. Here we found that PGC-1α directly interacted with Bhlhe40, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor induced by hypoxia, and protects SKM from ROS damage, and they cooccupied PGC-1α-targeted gene promoters/enhancers, which in turn repressed PGC-1α transactivational activity. Bhlhe40 repressed PGC-1α activity through recruiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and preventing the relief of PGC-1α intramolecular repression caused by its own intrinsic suppressor domain. Knockdown of Bhlhe40 mRNA increased levels of ROS, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial DNA, and expression of PGC-1α target genes. Similar effects were also observed when the Bhlhe40-mediated repression was rescued by a dominantly active form of the PGC-1α-interacting domain (PID) from Bhlhe40. We further found that Bhlhe40-mediated repression can be largely relieved by exercise, in which its recruitment to PGC-1α-targeted cis elements was significantly reduced. These observations suggest that Bhlhe40 is a novel regulator of PGC-1α activity repressing oxidative metabolism gene expression and mitochondrion biogenesis in sedentary SKM.
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Increased expression of interferon signaling genes in the bone marrow microenvironment of myelodysplastic syndromes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120602. [PMID: 25803272 PMCID: PMC4372597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays an important role in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) through a reciprocal interaction with resident BM hematopoietic cells. We investigated the differences between BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in MDS and normal individuals and identified genes involved in such differences. Materials and Methods BM-derived MSCs from 7 MDS patients (3 RCMD, 3 RAEB-1, and 1 RAEB-2) and 7 controls were cultured. Global gene expression was analyzed using a microarray. Result We found 314 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RCMD vs. control, 68 in RAEB vs. control, and 51 in RAEB vs. RCMD. All comparisons were clearly separated from one another by hierarchical clustering. The overall similarity between differential expression signatures from the RCMD vs. control comparison and the RAEB vs. control comparison was highly significant (p = 0), which indicates a common transcriptomic response in these two MDS subtypes. RCMD and RAEB simultaneously showed an up-regulation of interferon alpha/beta signaling and the ISG15 antiviral mechanism, and a significant fraction of the RAEB vs. control DEGs were also putative targets of transcription factors IRF and ICSBP. Pathways that involved RNA polymerases I and III and mitochondrial transcription were down-regulated in RAEB compared to RCMD. Conclusion Gene expression in the MDS BM microenvironment was different from that in normal BM and exhibited altered expression according to disease progression. The present study provides genetic evidence that inflammation and immune dysregulation responses that involve the interferon signaling pathway in the BM microenvironment are associated with MDS pathogenesis, which suggests BM MSCs as a possible therapeutic target in MDS.
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Preston MA, Macklin WB. Zebrafish as a model to investigate CNS myelination. Glia 2014; 63:177-93. [PMID: 25263121 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelin plays a critical role in proper neuronal function by providing trophic and metabolic support to axons and facilitating energy-efficient saltatory conduction. Myelination is influenced by numerous molecules including growth factors, hormones, transmembrane receptors and extracellular molecules, which activate signaling cascades that drive cellular maturation. Key signaling molecules and downstream signaling cascades controlling myelination have been identified in cell culture systems. However, in vitro systems are not able to faithfully replicate the complex in vivo signaling environment that occurs during development or following injury. Currently, it remains time-consuming and expensive to investigate myelination in vivo in rodents, the most widely used model for studying mammalian myelination. As such, there is a need for alternative in vivo myelination models, particularly ones that can test molecular mechanisms without removing oligodendrocyte lineage cells from their native signaling environment or disrupting intercellular interactions with other cell types present during myelination. Here, we review the ever-increasing role of zebrafish in studies uncovering novel mechanisms controlling vertebrate myelination. These innovative studies range from observations of the behavior of single cells during in vivo myelination as well as mutagenesis- and pharmacology-based screens in whole animals. Additionally, we discuss recent efforts to develop novel models of demyelination and oligodendrocyte cell death in adult zebrafish for the study of cellular behavior in real time during repair and regeneration of damaged nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie A Preston
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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USP17- and SCFβTrCP--regulated degradation of DEC1 controls the DNA damage response. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:4177-85. [PMID: 25202122 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00530-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to genotoxic stress, DNA damage checkpoints maintain the integrity of the genome by delaying cell cycle progression to allow for DNA repair. Here we show that the degradation of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor DEC1, a critical regulator of cell fate and circadian rhythms, controls the DNA damage response. During unperturbed cell cycles, DEC1 is a highly unstable protein that is targeted for proteasome-dependent degradation by the SCF(βTrCP) ubiquitin ligase in cooperation with CK1. Upon DNA damage, DEC1 is rapidly induced in an ATM/ATR-dependent manner. DEC1 induction results from protein stabilization via a mechanism that requires the USP17 ubiquitin protease. USP17 binds and deubiquitylates DEC1, markedly extending its half-life. Subsequently, during checkpoint recovery, DEC1 proteolysis is reestablished through βTrCP-dependent ubiquitylation. Expression of a degradation-resistant DEC1 mutant prevents checkpoint recovery by inhibiting the downregulation of p53. These results indicate that the regulated degradation of DEC1 is a key factor controlling the DNA damage response.
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Kato Y, Kawamoto T, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M. DEC1/STRA13/SHARP2 and DEC2/SHARP1 coordinate physiological processes, including circadian rhythms in response to environmental stimuli. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:339-72. [PMID: 25248482 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Daily physiological and behavioral rhythms are regulated by endogenous circadian molecular clocks. Clock proteins DEC1 (BHLHe40) and DEC2 (BHLHe41) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix protein superfamily, which contains other clock proteins CLOCK and BMAL1. DEC1 and DEC2 are induced by CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer via the CACGTG E-box in the promoter and, thereafter, suppress their own expression by competing with CLOCK:BMAL1 for the DNA binding. This negative feedback DEC loop together with the PER loop involving PER and CRY, the other negative clock regulators, maintains the circadian rhythm of Dec1 and Dec2 expression. DEC1 is induced by light pulse and adjusts the circadian phase of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, whereas DEC1 upregulation by TGF-β resets the circadian phase of the peripheral clocks in tissues. Furthermore, DEC1 and DEC2 modulate the clock output signals to control circadian rhythms in behavior and metabolism. In addition to the functions in the clocks, DEC1 and DEC2 are involved in hypoxia responses, immunological reactions, and carcinogenesis. These DEC actions are mediated by the direct binding to the E-box elements in target genes or by protein-protein interactions with transcription factors such as HIF-1α, RXRα, MyoD, and STAT. Notably, numerous growth factors, hormones, and cytokines, along with ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging agents, induce Dec1 and/or Dec2 in a tissue-specific manner. These findings suggest that DEC1 and DEC2 play a critical role in animal adaptation to various environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Ow JR, Tan YH, Jin Y, Bahirvani AG, Taneja R. Stra13 and Sharp-1, the Non-Grouchy Regulators of Development and Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:317-38. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Acharjee S, Chung TK, Gopinadhan S, Shankar SR, Wang Y, Li L, Vercherat C, Gulbagci NT, Rossner M, Taneja R. Sharp-1 regulates TGF-β signaling and skeletal muscle regeneration. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:599-608. [PMID: 24357723 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.136648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharp-1 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor that is involved in a number of cellular processes. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Sharp-1 is a negative regulator of skeletal myogenesis and it blocks differentiation of muscle precursor cells by modulating the activity of MyoD. In order to understand its role in pre- and post-natal myogenesis, we assessed skeletal muscle development and freeze-injury-induced regeneration in Sharp-1-deficient mice. We show that embryonic skeletal muscle development is not impaired in the absence of Sharp-1; however, post-natally, the regenerative capacity is compromised. Although the initial phases of injury-induced regeneration proceed normally in Sharp-1(-/-) mice, during late stages, the mutant muscle exhibits necrotic fibers, calcium deposits and fibrosis. TGF-β expression, as well as levels of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3, are sustained in the mutant tissue and treatment with decorin, which blocks TGF-β signaling, improves the histopathology of Sharp-1(-/-) injured muscles. In vitro, Sharp-1 associates with Smad3, and its overexpression inhibits TGF-β- and Smad3-mediated expression of extracellular matrix genes in myofibroblasts. These results demonstrate that Sharp-1 regulates muscle regenerative capacity, at least in part, by modulation of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Acharjee
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Lai XS, Zhang CG, Wang J, Wang C, Lan XY, Lei CZ, Chen H. Developmental expression patterns and association study with growth traits of bovine Bhlhe40 gene. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893313050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Richards J, All S, Skopis G, Cheng KY, Compton B, Srialluri N, Stow L, Jeffers LA, Gumz ML. Opposing actions of Per1 and Cry2 in the regulation of Per1 target gene expression in the liver and kidney. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R735-47. [PMID: 23824961 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00195.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the circadian clock plays an integral role in the regulation of many physiological processes including blood pressure, renal function, and metabolism. The canonical molecular clock functions via activation of circadian target genes by Clock/Bmal1 and repression of Clock/Bmal1 activity by Per1-3 and Cry1/2. However, we have previously shown that Per1 activates genes important for renal sodium reabsorption, which contradicts the canonical role of Per1 as a repressor. Moreover, Per1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit a lowered blood pressure and heavier body weight phenotype similar to Clock KO mice, and opposite that of Cry1/2 KO mice. Recent work has highlighted the potential role of Per1 in repression of Cry2. Therefore, we postulated that Per1 potentially activates target genes through a Cry2-Clock/Bmal1-dependent mechanism, in which Per1 antagonizes Cry2, preventing its repression of Clock/Bmal1. This hypothesis was tested in vitro and in vivo. The Per1 target genes αENaC and Fxyd5 were identified as Clock targets in mpkCCDc14 cells, a model of the renal cortical collecting duct. We identified PPARα and DEC1 as novel Per1 targets in the mouse hepatocyte cell line, AML12, and in the liver in vivo. Per1 knockdown resulted in upregulation of Cry2 in vitro, and this result was confirmed in vivo in mice with reduced expression of Per1. Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cry2 and Per1 demonstrated opposing actions for Cry2 and Per1 on Per1 target genes, supporting the potential Cry2-Clock/Bmal1-dependent mechanism underlying Per1 action in the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Richards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
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50
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Doherty R, O'Farrelly C, Meade KG. Epigenetic regulation of the innate immune response to LPS in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 154:102-10. [PMID: 23764468 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression could help explain variation in responses to infection and differences in disease susceptibility in cattle. The aim of this study was to examine epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of LPS-induced innate immune gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from five healthy calves. Firstly, epigenetic enzyme gene expression (histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)) was measured after LPS stimulation. Secondly, the effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) on histone H3 acetylation and on innate immune gene expression was also measured. Results showed differential expression of HDAC6, HDAC7 and DNMT3A genes in response to LPS in cells from all animals, while TSA significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF, IL2 and IFNG) expression (P<0.05), presumably by histone acetylation. These results suggest an important role for the HDAC family of enzymes in the regulation of bovine innate immune gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Doherty
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co, Meath, Ireland
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