1
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Karabıyık H, Karaer Tunçay A, Ilhan S, Atmaca H, Türkmen H. Synthesis and Characterization of Piano-Stool Ruthenium(II)-Arene Complexes of Isatin Schiff Bases: Cytotoxicity and DNA Intercalation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19136-19147. [PMID: 38708280 PMCID: PMC11064044 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
A series of aryl-isatin Schiff base derivatives (3a-d) and their piano-stool ruthenium complexes (4a-d) were synthesized and characterized via 1H and 13C NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, the purity of all of the compounds (3a-c and 4a-d) was determined via elemental analysis. Complex 4d was analyzed using X-ray crystallography. An in vitro antiproliferative study of the compounds (3a-c and 4a-d) against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2), human breast cancer (MCF-7), human prostate cancer (PC-3), and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells exhibited their considerable antiproliferative activity. 4d exhibited effective cytotoxicity against HEPG2 and MCF-7. It displayed higher cytotoxicity than the reference metallo-drug cisplatin. Moreover, the stability of 4d was studied via 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the binding model between 4d and DNA was investigated via ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The lipophilicity of the synthesized complexes was determined using an extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Karabıyık
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Physics, Dokuz
Eylül University, Izmir 35390, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Karaer Tunçay
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Ilhan
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | - Harika Atmaca
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | - Hayati Türkmen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
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2
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Bastami Z, Sheikhpour R, Razzaghi P, Ramazani A, Gharaghani S. Proteochemometrics modeling for prediction of the interactions between caspase isoforms and their inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023; 27:249-261. [PMID: 35438428 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Caspases (cysteine-aspartic proteases) play critical roles in inflammation and the programming of cell death in the form of necroptosis, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. The name of these enzymes has been chosen in accordance with their cysteine protease activity. They act as cysteines in nucleophilically active sites to attack and cleave target proteins in the aspartic acid and amino acid C-terminal. Based on the substrate's structure and the specificity, the physiological activity of caspases is divided. However, in apoptosis, the division of caspases into initiating caspases (caspase 2, 8, 9, and 10) and executive caspases (caspase 3, 6, and 7) is essential. The present study aimed to perform Proteochemometrics Modeling to generalize the data on caspases, which could predict ligand and protein interactions. In this study, we employed protein and ligand descriptors. Moreover, protein descriptors were computed using the Protr R package, while PADEL-Descriptor was employed for the computation of ligand descriptors. In addition, NCA (Neighborhood Component Analyses) was used for descriptor selection, and SVR, decision tree, and ensemble methods were utilized for the proteochemometrics modeling. This study shows that the ensemble model demonstrates superior performance compared with other models in terms of R2, Q2, and RMSE criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bastami
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.,Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design (LBD), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Sheikhpour
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, Iran
| | - Parvin Razzaghi
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design (LBD), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Cho Y, Jeong YJ, Song KH, Chung IK, Magae J, Kwon TK, Choi YH, Kwak JY, Chang YC. 4-O-Methylascochlorin-Mediated BNIP-3 Expression Controls the Balance of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Cervical Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315138. [PMID: 36499465 PMCID: PMC9736141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
4-O-methylascochlorin (MAC) is a 4-fourth carbon-substituted derivative of ascochlorin, a compound extracted from a phytopathogenic fungus Ascochyta viciae. MAC induces apoptosis and autophagy in various cancer cells, but the effects of MAC on apoptosis and autophagy in cervical cancer cells, as well as how the interaction between apoptosis and autophagy mediates the cellular anticancer effects are not known. Here, we investigated that MAC induced apoptotic cell death of cervical cancer cells without regulating the cell cycle and promoted autophagy by inhibiting the phosphorylation of serine-threonine kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K). Additional investigations suggested that Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP-3), but not Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), is a key regulator of MAC-induced apoptosis and autophagy. BNIP-3 siRNA suppressed MAC-induced increases in cleaved- poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and LC3II expression. The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK suppressed MAC-induced cell death and enhanced MAC-induced autophagy. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) enhanced MAC-mediated cell death by increasing BNIP-3 expression. These results indicate that MAC induces apoptosis to promote cell death and stimulates autophagy to promote cell survival by increasing BNIP-3 expression. This study also showed that co-treatment of cells with MAC and CQ further enhanced the death of cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Cho
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kyung Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-Si 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Junji Magae
- Magae Bioscience Institute, 49-4 Fujimidai, Tsukuba 300-1263, Japan
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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4
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Krymov SK, Scherbakov AM, Salnikova DI, Sorokin DV, Dezhenkova LG, Ivanov IV, Vullo D, De Luca V, Capasso C, Supuran CT, Shchekotikhin AE. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies of potential activators of apoptosis and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on isatin-5-sulfonamide scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:113997. [PMID: 34902732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX is a promising target for the search for new antitumor compounds with improved properties. Using the molecular hybridization approach, on the basis of structures of a selective carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitor 3 and an activator of apoptosis 2 (1), a series of 1-substituted isatin-5-sulfonamides 5a-5u were designed and synthesized. The study of the inhibitory activity of isatin-5-sulfonamides showed the ability to inhibit I, II, IX, XII isoforms at nano- and micromolar concentrations. Docking of compounds 5e and 5k into the active site of II and IX carbonic anhydrase isoforms showed the coordination of sulfonamidate anions with zinc cations, as well as a number of additional hydrophobic interactions. The trifluoromethylthio derivative 5r suppressed the growth of tumor cells at low micromolar concentrations, maintaining activity on resistant lines and under hypoxic conditions. Immunoblotting of MCF7 cells treated with the 5r revealed its antiestrogenic activity and ability to activate apoptosis in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan K Krymov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, 119021, Russia
| | - Alexander M Scherbakov
- Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Diana I Salnikova
- Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Danila V Sorokin
- Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Lyubov G Dezhenkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, 119021, Russia
| | - Ivan V Ivanov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, 119021, Russia
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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5
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Abou Zeid LY, Shanmugapriya S, Rumney RL, Mosser DD. Caspase-mediated cleavage of miRNA processing proteins Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer, and TRBP2 in heat-shocked cells and its inhibition by HSP70 overexpression. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:11-25. [PMID: 34719748 PMCID: PMC8821752 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to stress through adaptive mechanisms that limit cellular damage and prevent cell death. MicroRNAs act as regulators of stress responses and stress can impact the functioning of miRNA biogenesis pathways. We were interested in the effect that severe proteotoxic stress capable of inducing apoptosis may have on miRNA biogenesis and the impact of the molecular chaperone protein HSP70 under these conditions. We found that the miRNA processing enzymes Drosha and Dicer and their accessory proteins DGCR8 and TRBP2 are cleaved by caspases in apoptotic cells. Overexpression of HSP70 prevented caspase activation and the degradation of these processing proteins. Caspase cleavage of TRBP2 was mapped to amino acid 234 which separates the two dsRNA-binding domains from the C-terminal Dicer interacting domain. Overexpression of TRBP2 was found to increase miRNA maturation, while expression of either of the fragments generated by caspase cleavage impaired maturation. These results indicate that inactivation of miRNA biogenesis is a critical feature of apoptosis and that cleavage of TRBP2, rather than simply a loss of function, serves to create positive acting inhibitors of pre-miRNA maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Y Abou Zeid
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Rebecca L Rumney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dick D Mosser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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6
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Contribution of Apaf-1 to the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochimie 2021; 190:91-110. [PMID: 34298080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of apoptosis is associated with various pathologies, such as neurodegenerative disorders at one end of the spectrum and cancer at the other end. Generally speaking, differentiated cells like cardiomyocytes, skeletal myocytes and neurons exhibit low levels of Apaf-1 (Apoptotic protease activating factor 1) protein suggesting that down-regulation of Apaf-1 is an important event contributing to the resistance of these cells to apoptosis. Nonetheless, upregulation of Apaf-1 has not emerged as a common phenomenon in pathologies associated with enhanced neuronal cell death, i.e., neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer, on the other hand, Apaf-1 downregulation is a common phenomenon, which occurs through various mechanisms including mRNA hyper-methylation, gene methylation, Apaf-1 localization in lipid rafts, inhibition by microRNAs, phosphorylation, and interaction with specific inhibitors. Due to the diversity of these mechanisms and involvement of other factors, defining the exact contribution of Apaf-1 to the development of cancer in general and neurodegenerative disorders, in particular, is complicated. The current review is an attempt to provide a comprehensive image of Apaf-1's contribution to the pathologies observed in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases with the emphasis on the therapeutic aspects of Apaf-1 as an important target in these pathologies.
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7
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Chauhan G, Pathak DP, Ali F, Bhutani R, Kapoor G, Khasimbi S. Advances in Synthesis, Derivatization and Bioactivity of Isatin: A Review. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:37-74. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200924150907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Isatin (IST) is a crucial pharmacologically active compound, chemically known as indole-
1H-2,3-dione. Development of different IST based analogues acquired significant awareness because of its
pronounced therapeutic importance such as analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antimicrobial,
antifungal, antiviral (effective against SARS coronavirus 3C protease) and many other activities, and represents
an important class of heterocyclic compounds that can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of many useful
drugs.
Objective:
Previously, many articles were reported on IST synthesis and its different pharmacological activities
but herein, we mentioned 59 different synthesis schemes of several IST derivatives/hybrids derived from the substitution
of the nitrogen, aromatic ring, the second and third position of IST along with most potent molecule
among each of synthesized libraries with their structural activity relationship (SAR). Using these standardized
approaches, several biologically important compounds were developed like sunitinib, nintedanib, indirubin, etc
and several studies have been carried out nowadays to develop newer compounds having fewer side effects and
also overcome the problem of resistance.
Conclusion:
This report critically reviews the different strategies for the designs and synthesis of several IST
based compounds having different biological activities with SAR, which can favour further investigation and
modification for the development of new and more potent entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (DIPSAR),Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharam Pal Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (DIPSAR),Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Faraat Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (DIPSAR),Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rubina Bhutani
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G D Goenka University, Gurugram, Sohna, Haryana, India
| | - Garima Kapoor
- KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad- Meerut Highway, NH-58, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (DIPSAR),Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
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8
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Manuel Xavier HF, Nadar VM, Patel P, Umapathy D, Velanganni Joseph A, Manivannan S, Santhiyagu P, Pandi B, Muthusamy G, Rathinam Y, Ponnuchamy K. Selective antibacterial and apoptosis-inducing effects of hybrid gold nanoparticles – A green approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Zhuo H, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhao G. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,5-disubstituted isatin derivatives as antitumor agents. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Wang W, Liu Y, Niu J, Lin W. Discrimination of live and dead cells with two different sets of signals and unique application in vivo imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 231:118115. [PMID: 32007905 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Discriminating living and dead cells is of great significance for the study of apoptosis. In this work, we have developed a unique fluorescent probe (RPIC) for discriminating live and dead cells with duel-channel fluorescence imaging under double excitation and double emission mode. Dead cells treated with RPIC shows weak fluorescence signals in red channel, however, strong fluorescence signals are appeared in red channel in live cells. Weak and strong green fluorescence signals present at live cells and dead cells, respectively. Moreover, RPIC can detect successfully apoptosis of cancer cells. For in-vivo imaging, RPIC can discriminate successfully live and dead zebrafish with the same method. More interestingly, it is found that RPIC possesses the ability of discriminating normal mice and tumor mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Jie Niu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
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11
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Lu Z, Lu C, Li C, Jiao Y, Li Y, Zhang G. Dracorhodin perchlorate induces apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 and AKT/FOXO3a pathways. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2091-2100. [PMID: 31322237 PMCID: PMC6691268 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dracorhodin perchlorate (DP), a synthetic analogue of the anthocyanin red pigment dracorhodin, has been shown to exert various pharmacological effects, including anticancer activity. However, its effects on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells have not been previously investigated, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its anticancer activity remain unclear. In the present study, it was demonstrated that DP significantly reduced the viability of ESCC cells compared with that noted in normal human liver LO2 cells. Treatment with DP induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest through upregulation of p21 and p27, and downregulation of cyclin B1 and Cdc2. Furthermore, DP treatment induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, which could be reversed by exposure to Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor. Western blotting demonstrated that DP induced apoptosis through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways by upregulating death receptor 4 (DR4), DR5, cleaved caspase-3/-7/-9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and by decreasing total PARP, total caspase-3/7, Bcl-2 and caspase-9/-10. Moreover, DP treatment decreased the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), AKT, and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) in ESCC cells, indicating that the activity of the JAK2/STAT3 and AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathways was inhibited. Therefore, DP is a promising therapeutic agent for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710082, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guangxin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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12
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Gupta AK, Tulsyan S, Bharadwaj M, Mehrotra R. Systematic Review on Cytotoxic and Anticancer Potential of N-Substituted Isatins as Novel Class of Compounds Useful in Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Therapy: In Silico and In Vitro Analysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:15. [PMID: 31073777 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the emergence of resistance to clinical cancer treatments poses a significant problem in cancer management, there is a constant need to explore novel anticancer agents which have the ability to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms. The search for the development of novel isatin-based antitumor agents accelerated after the approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of sunitinib malate, a C-3 isatin derivative, as a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, it is interesting to note that, over the last decade, various N-substituted analogs of isatin with intact carbonyl functionalities have been found to show more promising anticancer potential than its C-3 derivatives. Microtubule-targeting agents are a class of anticancer drugs which affect mitosis by targeting microtubules and suppressing their dynamic behavior. This review presents a systematic compilation of the in vitro cytotoxic and anticancer properties of various N-substituted isatins and illustrates their mechanism of action to overcome MDR by acting as microtubule-destabilizing agents. Predictions of the biological activities and cytotoxic effects of potential N-substituted isatins against various cancer cell lines have also been performed using the PASS computer-aided drug discovery program. Findings from such in vitro and in silico studies will act as a guide for the development of structure-activity relationship and will facilitate the design and exploration of more potent analogs of isatin with high potency and lower side effects for treatment of drug-resistant cancer. Mechanism of action of N-substituted isatin as microtubule-destabilizing agent on tumor cells. N-Substituted isatins bind to colchicine binding site on β-tubulin, which inhibits microtubule polymerization and thereby destabilizes microtubule dynamics, resulting in mitotic arrest leading to tumor cell growth suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana K Gupta
- Division of Preventive Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research and WHO-FCTC Smokeless Tobacco Global Knowledge Hub, Department of Health Research (Govt. of India), I-7, Sector-39, District Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Sonam Tulsyan
- Division of Preventive Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research and WHO-FCTC Smokeless Tobacco Global Knowledge Hub, Department of Health Research (Govt. of India), I-7, Sector-39, District Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research and WHO-FCTC Smokeless Tobacco Global Knowledge Hub, Department of Health Research (Govt. of India), I-7, Sector-39, District Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Preventive Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research and WHO-FCTC Smokeless Tobacco Global Knowledge Hub, Department of Health Research (Govt. of India), I-7, Sector-39, District Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India.
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13
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Xu P, Ning P, Wang J, Qin Y, Liang F, Cheng Y. Precise control of apoptosis via gold nanostars for dose dependent photothermal therapy of melanoma. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6934-6944. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01956a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise induction and monitoring of cell apoptosis are significant for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy
- Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials Hubei Key Laboratory
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Peng Ning
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- Institute for Translational Nanomedicine
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- Institute for Translational Nanomedicine
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
| | - Yao Qin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- Institute for Translational Nanomedicine
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy
- Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials Hubei Key Laboratory
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Yu Cheng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- Institute for Translational Nanomedicine
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
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14
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Liu L, Zhang H, Song D, Wang Z. An upconversion nanoparticle-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer system for effectively sensing caspase-3 activity. Analyst 2018; 143:761-767. [PMID: 29327008 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01744h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensing platform for the sensitive detection of caspase-3 activity in vitro and in cells using NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaGdF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the energy donor and Rhodamine B (RB) as the energy acceptor. The phosphorylated RB-modified peptide containing a caspase-3 cleavage site and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) motif (sequence, (RB)-DEVDGGS(p)GCGT(p)GRKKRRQRRRPQ) is immobilized on the UCNP surface via the strong coordination interaction between Gd3+ ions with phosphate. After the cleavage of DEVD by caspase-3, the RB is released from the UCNP surface and the reduced upconversion luminescence (UCL) is recovered. Under the optimum conditions, the recovery ratio of the UCL is linearly dependent on the caspase-3 concentration within the range of 0.01 to 1000 pg mL-1 and with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). In particular, the as-proposed UCNP-based FRET sensing platform has reasonable selectivity which is successfully employed to monitor caspase-3 activity in drug-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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15
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Li Y, Li P, Zhu R, Luo C, Li H, Hu S, Nie Z, Huang Y, Yao S. Multifunctional Gold Nanoclusters-Based Nanosurface Energy Transfer Probe for Real-Time Monitoring of Cell Apoptosis and Self-Evaluating of Pro-Apoptotic Theranostics. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11184-11192. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Wuhan Agricultural Inspection Center, Wuhan, 430016, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shanfang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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16
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Sharma PK, Balwani S, Mathur D, Malhotra S, Singh BK, Prasad AK, Len C, Van der Eycken EV, Ghosh B, Richards NGJ, Parmar VS. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity evaluation of novel triazolyl-isatin hybrids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1520-6. [PMID: 27146339 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1151015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New isatin-triazole based hybrids have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity of TNF-α induced expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the surface of human endothelial cells. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that the presence of the electron-attracting bromo substituent at position-5 of the isatin moiety played an important role in enhancing the anti-inflammatory potential of the synthesized compounds. Z-1-[3-(1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)propyl]-5-bromo-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazono]indolin-2-one (19) with an IC50 = 20 μM and 89% ICAM-1 inhibition with MTD at 200 μM was found to be the most potent of all the synthesized derivatives. Introduction of 1,2,4-triazole ring and electron-donating methoxy group on the phenylhydrazone moiety resulted in four-fold increase of the anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Sharma
- a Department of Chemistry , Bioorganic Laboratory, University of Delhi , Delhi , India .,b Chemical Research Laboratory, Wockhardt Research Centre , Aurangabad , Maharashtra , India
| | - Sakshi Balwani
- c Immunogenetics Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Delhi , India
| | - Divya Mathur
- a Department of Chemistry , Bioorganic Laboratory, University of Delhi , Delhi , India .,d Department of Chemistry , Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Shashwat Malhotra
- a Department of Chemistry , Bioorganic Laboratory, University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- a Department of Chemistry , Bioorganic Laboratory, University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Ashok K Prasad
- a Department of Chemistry , Bioorganic Laboratory, University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Christophe Len
- e Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale (ESCOM) , Compiègne Cedex , France .,f Department of Chemistry , University of Hull , Hull , UK
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- g Department of Chemistry , Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- c Immunogenetics Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Delhi , India
| | - Nigel G J Richards
- h Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Indiana University-Purdue University (IUPUI) , Indianapolis , IN , USA , and.,i School of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences & Engineering, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- a Department of Chemistry , Bioorganic Laboratory, University of Delhi , Delhi , India .,e Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale (ESCOM) , Compiègne Cedex , France .,h Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Indiana University-Purdue University (IUPUI) , Indianapolis , IN , USA , and
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17
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Abstract
The role of caspase proteases in regulated processes such as apoptosis and inflammation has been studied for more than two decades, and the activation cascades are known in detail. Apoptotic caspases also are utilized in critical developmental processes, although it is not known how cells maintain the exquisite control over caspase activity in order to retain subthreshold levels required for a particular adaptive response while preventing entry into apoptosis. In addition to active site-directed inhibitors, caspase activity is modulated by post-translational modifications or metal binding to allosteric sites on the enzyme, which stabilize inactive states in the conformational ensemble. This review provides a comprehensive global view of the complex conformational landscape of caspases and mechanisms used to select states in the ensemble. The caspase structural database provides considerable detail on the active and inactive conformations in the ensemble, which provide the cell multiple opportunities to fine tune caspase activity. In contrast, the current database on caspase modifications is largely incomplete and thus provides only a low-resolution picture of global allosteric communications and their effects on the conformational landscape. In recent years, allosteric control has been utilized in the design of small drug compounds or other allosteric effectors to modulate caspase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Clay Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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18
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Palchaudhuri R, Lambrecht MJ, Botham RC, Partlow KC, van Ham TJ, Putt KS, Nguyen LT, Kim SH, Peterson RT, Fan TM, Hergenrother PJ. A Small Molecule that Induces Intrinsic Pathway Apoptosis with Unparalleled Speed. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2027-36. [PMID: 26655912 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is generally believed to be a process that requires several hours, in contrast to non-programmed forms of cell death that can occur in minutes. Our findings challenge the time-consuming nature of apoptosis as we describe the discovery and characterization of a small molecule, named Raptinal, which initiates intrinsic pathway caspase-dependent apoptosis within minutes in multiple cell lines. Comparison to a mechanistically diverse panel of apoptotic stimuli reveals that Raptinal-induced apoptosis proceeds with unparalleled speed. The rapid phenotype enabled identification of the critical roles of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel function, mitochondrial membrane potential/coupled respiration, and mitochondrial complex I, III, and IV function for apoptosis induction. Use of Raptinal in whole organisms demonstrates its utility for studying apoptosis in vivo for a variety of applications. Overall, rapid inducers of apoptosis are powerful tools that will be used in a variety of settings to generate further insight into the apoptotic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Palchaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Lambrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rachel C Botham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kathryn C Partlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Karson S Putt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Laurie T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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19
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Jia J, Furlan A, Gonzalez-Hilarion S, Leroy C, Gruenert DC, Tulasne D, Lejeune F. Caspases shutdown nonsense-mediated mRNA decay during apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1754-63. [PMID: 25744026 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an mRNA surveillance mechanism that plays integral roles in eliminating mRNAs with premature termination codons to prevent the synthesis of truncated proteins that could be pathogenic. One response to the accumulation of detrimental proteins is apoptosis, which involves the activation of enzymatic pathways leading to protein and nucleic acid cleavage and culminating in cell death. It is not clear whether NMD is required to ensure the accurate expression of apoptosis genes or is no longer necessary since cytotoxic proteins are not an issue during cell death. The present study shows that caspases cleave the two NMD factors UPF1 and UPF2 during apoptosis impairing NMD. Our results demonstrate a new regulatory pathway for NMD that occurs during apoptosis and provide evidence for role of the UPF cleaved fragments in apoptosis and NMD inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jia
- Université de Lille, FRE 3642, Lille, France.,CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Furlan
- Université de Lille, FRE 3642, Lille, France.,CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - S Gonzalez-Hilarion
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, France
| | - C Leroy
- Université de Lille, FRE 3642, Lille, France.,CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - D C Gruenert
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Human Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - D Tulasne
- Université de Lille, FRE 3642, Lille, France.,CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - F Lejeune
- Université de Lille, FRE 3642, Lille, France.,CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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20
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Abstract
Background Neuronal cells are vulnerable to many stresses that can cause apoptosis. Reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) is a potentially unlimited source of neurons. Discovering agents that can provide neuronal protection against these apoptotic stimuli is important for developing therapeutic strategies for various brain diseases. Material/Methods We investigated the therapeutic effects of iNSCs against apoptosis activator II (AAII)-induced apoptosis of cortical neuronal cells. Apoptosis was confirmed by double immunocytochemistry with NeuN and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling. We performed Western blot analyses for activated caspase-3, Bcl-2, phosphorylated Akt, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK). The level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (P<0.05). Results Cortical neuronal cells cultured with iNSCs had fewer apoptotic cells than those cultured without iNSCs. We found that cells cultured with iNSCs had a significantly lower caspase-3 level and a significantly higher Bcl-2 level than cells cultured without iNSCs. Cells cultured with iNSCs had higher VEGF levels than cells cultured without iNSCs. The levels of phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated ERK were significantly higher in cells cultured with iNSCs than in cells cultured without iNSCs. Conclusions Our findings suggest that iNSCs activate Akt and ERK, which are associated with the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. Thus, treatment with iNSCs may help reduce neuronal loss in brain disease. Further studies aimed at proving this hypothesis might help establish therapeutic agents that can prevent neuronal cell death and help cure neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jangbo Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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21
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22
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Moravcikova E, Krepela E, Prochazka J, Benkova K, Pauk N. Differential sensitivity to apoptosome apparatus activation in non-small cell lung carcinoma and the lung. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1443-54. [PMID: 24626292 PMCID: PMC4027941 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic apoptosis pathway represents an important mechanism of stress-induced death of cancer cells. To gain insight into the functional status of the apoptosome apparatus in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), we studied its sensitivity to activation, the assembly of apoptosome complexes and stability of their precursors, and the importance of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in the regulation of apoptosome activity, using cell-free cytosols from NSCLC cell lines and NSCLC tumours and lungs from 62 surgically treated patients. Treatment of cytosol samples with cytochrome c (cyt-c) and dATP induced proteolytic processing of procaspase-9 to caspase-9, which was followed by procaspase-3 processing to caspase-3, and by generation of caspase-3-like activity in 5 of 7 studied NSCLC cell lines. Further analysis demonstrated formation of high-Mr Apaf-1 complexes associated with cleaved caspase-9 in the (cyt-c + dATP)-responsive COLO-699 and CALU-1 cells. By contrast, in A549 cells, Apaf-1 and procaspase-9 co-eluted in the high-Mr fractions, indicating formation of an apoptosome complex unable of procaspase-9 processing. Thermal pre-treatment of cell-free cytosols in the absence of exogenous cyt-c and dATP lead to formation of Apaf-1 aggregates, unable to recruit and activate procaspase-9 in the presence of cyt-c and dATP, and to generate caspase-3-like activity. Further studies showed that the treatment with cyt-c and dATP induced a substantially higher increase of caspase-3-like activity in cytosol samples from NSCLC tumours compared to matched lungs. Tumour histology, grade and stage had no significant impact on the endogenous and the (cyt-c + dATP)-induced caspase-3-like activity. Upon addition into the cytosol, the XIAP-neutralizing peptides AVPIAQK and ATPFQEG only moderately heightened the (cyt-c + dATP)-induced caspase-3-like activity in some NSCLC tumours. Taken together, the present study provides evidence that the apoptosome apparatus is functional in the majority of NSCLCs and that its sensitivity to the (cyt-c + dATP)-mediated activation is often enhanced in NSCLCs compared to lungs. They also indicate that XIAP does not frequently and effectively suppress the activity of apoptosome apparatus in NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Moravcikova
- Laboratories of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Bulovka and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Krepela
- Laboratories of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Bulovka and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Laboratories of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Bulovka and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Benkova
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Pauk
- Division of Pneumology, Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Bulovka and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Apoptogenic metabolites in fractions of the Benthic diatom Cocconeis scutellum parva. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:547-67. [PMID: 24451194 PMCID: PMC3917286 DOI: 10.3390/md12010547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic diatoms of the genus Cocconeis contain a specific apoptogenic activity. It triggers a fast destruction of the androgenic gland in the early post-larval life of the marine shrimp Hippolyte inermis, leading to the generation of small females. Previous in vitro investigations demonstrated that crude extracts of these diatoms specifically activate a dose-dependent apoptotic process in human cancer cells (BT20 breast carcinoma) but not in human normal lymphocytes. Here, a bioassay-guided fractionation has been performed to detect the apoptogenic compound(s). Various HPLC separation systems were needed to isolate the active fractions, since the apoptogenic metabolite is highly active, present in low amounts and is masked by abundant but non-active cellular compounds. The activity is due to at least two compounds characterized by different polarities, a hydrophilic and a lipophilic fraction. We purified the lipophilic fraction, which led to the characterization of an active sub-fraction containing a highly lipophilic compound, whose molecular structure has not yet been identified, but is under investigation. The results point to the possible medical uses of the active compound. Once the molecular structure has been identified, the study and modulation of apoptotic processes in various types of cells will be possible.
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24
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Arya K, Tomar P, Singh J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel spiro[indole-pyridothiazine] analogs as antiproliferative agents. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Identification of the immunoproteasome as a novel regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:96-109. [PMID: 24164898 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00622-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While many of the molecular details of myogenesis have been investigated extensively, the function of immunoproteasomes (i-proteasomes) in myogenic differentiation remains unknown. We show here that the mRNA of i-proteasome subunits, the protein levels of constitutive and inducible proteasome subunits, and the proteolytic activities of the 20S and 26S proteasomes were significantly upregulated during differentiation of skeletal muscle C2C12 cells. Knockdown of the i-proteasome catalytic subunit PSMB9 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) decreased the expression of both PSMB9 and PSMB8 without affecting other catalytic subunits of the proteasome. PSMB9 knockdown and the use of i-proteasome-specific inhibitors both decreased 26S proteasome activities and prevented C2C12 differentiation. Inhibition of the i-proteasome also impaired human skeletal myoblast differentiation. Suppression of the i-proteasome increased protein oxidation, and these oxidized proteins were found to be more susceptible to degradation by exogenous i-proteasomes. Downregulation of the i-proteasome also increased proapoptotic proteins, including Bax, as well as cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 9, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), suggesting that impaired differentiation is likely to occur because of significantly increased apoptosis. These results demonstrate for the first time that i-proteasomes, independent of constitutive proteasomes, are critical for skeletal muscle differentiation of mouse C2C12 cells.
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26
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Esmaeelian B, Benkendorff K, Johnston MR, Abbott CA. Purified brominated indole derivatives from Dicathais orbita induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cell lines. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3802-22. [PMID: 24152558 PMCID: PMC3826136 DOI: 10.3390/md11103802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicathais orbita is a large Australian marine gastropod known to produce bioactive compounds with anticancer properties. In this research, we used bioassay guided fractionation from the egg mass extract of D. orbita using flash column chromatography and identified fractions containing tyrindoleninone and 6-bromoisatin as the most active against colon cancer cells HT29 and Caco-2. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LCMS) and 1H NMR were used to characterize the purity and chemical composition of the isolated compounds. An MTT assay was used to determine effects on cell viability. Necrosis and apoptosis induction using caspase/LDH assay and flow cytometry (PI/Annexin-V) and cell cycle analysis were also investigated. Our results show that semi-purified 6-bromoisatin had the highest anti-cancer activity by inhibiting cell viability (IC50 = ~100 µM) and increasing caspase 3/7 activity in both of the cell lines at low concentration. The fraction containing 6-bromoisatin induced 77.6% apoptosis and arrested 25.7% of the cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle in HT29 cells. Tyrindoleninone was less potent but significantly decreased the viability of HT29 cells at IC50 = 390 µM and induced apoptosis at 195 µM by increasing caspase 3/7 activity in these cells. This research will facilitate the development of these molluscan natural products as novel complementary medicines for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Esmaeelian
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, GPO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Martin R. Johnston
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Catherine A. Abbott
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; E-Mail:
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-8-8201-2078; Fax: +61-8-8201-3015
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27
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Horne TK, Abrahamse H, Cronjé MJ. Investigating the efficiency of novel metallo-phthalocyanine PDT-induced cell death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012; 9:215-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Häcker HG, Sisay MT, Gütschow M. Allosteric modulation of caspases. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 132:180-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Seervi M, Joseph J, Sobhan PK, Bhavya BC, Santhoshkumar TR. Essential requirement of cytochrome c release for caspase activation by procaspase-activating compound defined by cellular models. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e207. [PMID: 21900958 PMCID: PMC3186908 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt. c) release and caspase activation are often impaired in tumors with Bcl-2 overexpression or Bax and Bak-defective status. Direct triggering of cell death downstream of Bax and Bak is an attractive strategy to kill such cancers. Small molecule compounds capable of direct caspase activation appear to be the best mode for killing such tumors. However, there is no precise model to screen such compounds. The currently employed cell-free systems possess the inherent drawback of lacking cellular contents and organelles that operate in integrating cell death signaling. We have developed highly refined cell-based approaches to validate direct caspase activation in cancer cells. Using this approach, we show that PAC-1 (first procaspase-activating compound), the first direct activator of procaspases identified in a cell-free system, in fact requires mitochondrial cyt. c release for triggering caspase activation similar to other antitumor agents. It can induce significant caspase activation and cell death in the absence of Bax and Bak, and in cells overexpressing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. This study for the first time defines precise criteria for the validation of direct caspase-activating compounds using specialized cellular models that is expected to accelerate the discovery of potential direct caspase activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seervi
- Integrated Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Shekhawat SS, Campbell ST, Ghosh I. A Comprehensive Panel of Turn-On Caspase Biosensors for Investigating Caspase Specificity and Caspase Activation Pathways. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2353-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of N-alkylbromo and N-alkylphthalimido-isatins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3017-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ganguly A, Basu S, Banerjee K, Chakraborty P, Sarkar A, Chatterjee M, Chaudhuri SK. Redox active copper chelate overcomes multidrug resistance in T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell by triggering apoptosis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1701-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Metwalli AR, Khanbolooki S, Jinesh G, Sundi D, Shah JB, Shrader M, Choi W, Lashinger LM, Chunduru S, McConkey DJ, McKinlay M, Kamat AM. Smac mimetic reverses resistance to TRAIL and chemotherapy in human urothelial cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:885-92. [PMID: 20814238 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.9.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) have been shown to contribute to resistance of neoplastic cells to chemotherapy and to biologic antineoplastic agents. Consequently, new agents are being developed targeting this family of proteins. In a panel of bladder cancer cell lines, we evaluated a Smac mimetic that antagonizes several IAPs for its suitability for bladder cancer therapy. Experimental design: A panel of seven bladder cancer cell lines were evaluated for sensitivity to the Smac mimetic compound-A alone, TRAIL alone, chemotherapy alone, compound-A plus TRAIL, and compound-A plus chemotherapy by DNA fragmentation analysis. IAP levels and caspase activation were examined by western blotting. Release of caspase-3 from X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), the most effective IAP, was assessed by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Finally, siRNA knockdown of XIAP was correlated with the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis induced by compound-A plus TRAIL by DNA fragmentation and western blotting. RESULTS single-agent compound-A had little effect, but compound-A augmented TRAIL- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Immunoblotting showed that combination treatment with compound-A and TRAIL resulted in cleavage of procaspase-3 and procaspase-7, activation of which irreversibly commits cells to apoptosis. Immunoprecipitation of XIAP showed displacement of active caspase-3 fragments from XIAP, supporting the proposed mechanism of action. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated silencing of XIAP similarly sensitized these cells to apoptosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN a panel of seven bladder cancer cell lines were evaluated for sensitivity to the Smac mimetic compound-Alone, TRAIL alone, Chemotherapy alone, compound-A plus TRAIL and compound-A plus chemotherapy by DNA fragmentation analysis. IAP levels and caspase activation were examined by western blotting. Release of caspase-3 from X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), the most effective IAP, was assessed by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Finally siRNA knockdown of XIAP was correlated with the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis induced by compound-A plus TRAIL by DNA fragmentation and western blotting. CONCLUSION our results suggest that targeting of XIAP with the Smac mimetic compound-A has the potential to augment the effects of a variety of chemotherapeutic and biologic therapies in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Metwalli
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Benkendorff K, McIver CM, Abbott CA. Bioactivity of the Murex Homeopathic Remedy and of Extracts from an Australian Muricid Mollusc against Human Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011:879585. [PMID: 19491143 PMCID: PMC3137770 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Marine molluscs from the family Muricidae are the source of a homeopathic remedy Murex, which is used to treat a range of conditions, including cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity of egg mass extracts of the Australian muricid Dicathais orbita, in comparison to the Murex remedy, against human carcinoma and lymphoma cells. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to characterize the chemical composition of the extracts and homeopathic remedy, focusing on biologically active brominated indoles. The MTS (tetrazolium salt) colorimetric assay was used to determine effects on cell viability, while necrosis and apoptosis induction were investigated using flow cytometry (propidium iodide and Annexin-V staining, resp.). Cells were treated with varying concentrations (1–0.01 mg/mL) of crude and semi-purified extracts or preparations (dilute 1 M and concentrated 4 mg/mL) from the Murex remedy (4 h). The Murex remedy showed little biological activity against the majority of cell lines tested. In contrast, the D. orbita egg extracts significantly decreased cell viability in the majority of carcinoma cell lines. Flow cytometry revealed these extracts induce necrosis in HT29 colorectal cancer cells, whereas apoptosis was induced in Jurkat cells. These findings highlight the biomedical potential of Muricidae extracts in the development of a natural therapy for the treatment of neoplastic tumors and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Benkendorff
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
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Design, synthesis, and QSAR study of novel 2-(2,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl)-N-phenylacetamide derivatives as cytotoxic agents. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pérez-Payá E, Orzáez M, Mondragón L, Wolan D, Wells JA, Messeguer A, Vicent MJ. Molecules that modulate Apaf-1 activity. Med Res Rev 2010; 31:649-75. [PMID: 20099266 DOI: 10.1002/med.20198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death, apoptosis, is a highly regulated cellular pathway, responsible for the elimination of cells in the organism that are no longer needed or extensively damaged. Defects in the regulation of apoptosis could be at the molecular basis of different diseases, either when it is insufficient or excessive. The formation of the macromolecular complex, apoptosome, is a key event in this pathway, which has also been defined as the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The apoptosome is a holoenzyme multiprotein complex formed by cytochrome c-activated apoptotic protease-activating factor (Apaf-1), dATP, and procaspase-9. Recent studies have produced a wealth of information about the regulation and functions of Apaf-1, but additional studies aimed at elucidating its role as a signaling device at the crosstalk between different signaling pathways are needed to take advantage for the development of modulators of apoptosis pathways and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Pérez-Payá
- Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda Autopista del Saler, Valencia, Spain.
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a programmed mechanism of cell death that ensures normal development and tissue homeostasis in metazoans. Avoidance of apoptosis is an important contributor to the survival of tumor cells, and the ability to specifically trigger tumor cell apoptosis is a major goal in cancer treatment. In vertebrates, numerous stress signals engage the intrinsic apoptosis pathway to induce the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Cytochrome c binds to apoptosis protease activating factor-1, triggering formation of the apoptosome, a multisubunit protein complex that serves as a platform for caspase activation. In this review we summarize the mechanisms of apoptosome assembly and activation, and our current understanding of the regulation of these processes. We detail the evidence that loss-of-function of the apoptosome pathway may contribute to the development of specific cancers. Finally we discuss recent results showing enhanced sensitivity of some tumor cells to cytochrome c-induced apoptosis, suggesting that agents able to directly or indirectly trigger apoptosome-catalyzed caspase activation in tumor cells could provide new approaches to cancer treatment.
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38
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Orzáez M, Gortat A, Mondragón L, Pérez-Payá E. Peptides and peptide mimics as modulators of apoptotic pathways. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:146-60. [PMID: 19021159 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is an important and stringently controlled process. Aberrancies in its control mechanisms can lead to disease; overactive apoptosis can cause neurodegenerative disorders, whereas deficient apoptotic activity can lead to cancer. Therefore, controlling apoptotic pathways with peptides is showing increasing promise as a strategy in drug development.Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a noninvasive and strictly regulated cellular process required for organism development and tissue homeostasis. Deficiencies in apoptotic pathways are the source of many diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, and disorders related to an inappropriate loss of cells such as heart failure, stroke, and liver injury. Validation of the various points of intervention as targets for drug development has been the subject of a vast number of studies. Peptides are essential tools for drug discovery, as well as preclinical and pharmaceutical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Orzáez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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Alavian KN, Sgadò P, Alberi L, Subramaniam S, Simon HH. Elevated P75NTR expression causes death of engrailed-deficient midbrain dopaminergic neurons by Erk1/2 suppression. Neural Dev 2009; 4:11. [PMID: 19291307 PMCID: PMC2667502 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-4-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The homeodomain transcription factors Engrailed-1 and Engrailed-2 are required for the survival of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons in a cell-autonomous and gene-dose-dependent manner. Homozygote mutant mice, deficient of both genes (En1-/-;En2-/-), die at birth and exhibit a loss of all mesDA neurons by mid-gestation. In heterozygote animals (En1+/-;En2-/-), which are viable and fertile, postnatal maintenance of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is afflicted, leading to a progressive degeneration specific to this subpopulation and Parkinson's disease-like molecular and behavioral deficits. RESULTS In this work, we show that the dose of Engrailed is inversely correlated to the expression level of the pan-neurotrophin receptor gene P75NTR (Ngfr). Loss of mesDA neurons in the Engrailed-null mutant embryos is caused by elevated expression of this neurotrophin receptor: Unusually, in this case, the cell death signal of P75NTR is mediated by suppression of Erk1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) activity. The reduction in expression of Engrailed, possibly related to the higher levels of P75NTR, also decreases mitochondrial stability. In particular, the dose of Engrailed determines the sensitivity to cell death induced by the classic Parkinson-model toxin MPTP and to inhibition of the anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. CONCLUSION Our study links the survival function of the Engrailed genes in developing mesDA neurons to the regulation of P75NTR and the sensitivity of these neurons to mitochondrial insult. The similarities to the disease etiology in combination with the nigral phenotype of En1+/-;En2-/- mice suggests that haplotype variations in the Engrailed genes and/or P75NTR that alter their expression levels could, in part, determine susceptibility to Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz N Alavian
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroanatomy, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Harvard Medical School, Neuroregeneration Labs, MRC 1, McLean Hospital, Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Paola Sgadò
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroanatomy, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Paola Sgadò, Neurogenetics Laboratory, Child Neurology Unit, Pediatric Hospital A Meyer, Piazza di Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lavinia Alberi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroanatomy, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- The Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, North Broadway Street, BRB 720, Baltimore, MD 2120, USA
| | - Srinivasa Subramaniam
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroanatomy, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medical School, N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Horst H Simon
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroanatomy, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Peterson QP, Goode DR, West DC, Ramsey KN, Lee JJY, Hergenrother PJ. PAC-1 activates procaspase-3 in vitro through relief of zinc-mediated inhibition. J Mol Biol 2009; 388:144-58. [PMID: 19281821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct induction of apoptosis has emerged as a powerful anticancer strategy, and small molecules that either inhibit or activate certain proteins in the apoptotic pathway have great potential as novel chemotherapeutic agents. Central to apoptosis is the activation of the zymogen procaspase-3 to caspase-3. Caspase-3 is the key "executioner" caspase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of a multitude of protein substrates within the cell. Interestingly, procaspase-3 levels are often elevated in cancer cells, suggesting a compound that directly stimulates the activation of procaspase-3 to caspase-3 could selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. We recently reported the discovery of a compound, PAC-1, which enhances procaspase-3 activity in vitro and induces apoptotic death in cancer cells in culture and in mouse xenograft models. Described herein is the mechanism by which PAC-1 activates procaspase-3 in vitro. We show that zinc inhibits the enzymatic activity of procaspase-3 and that PAC-1 strongly activates procaspase-3 in buffers that contain zinc. PAC-1 and zinc form a tight complex with one another, with a dissociation constant of approximately 42 nM. The combined data indicate that PAC-1 activates procaspase-3 in vitro by sequestering inhibitory zinc ions, thus allowing procaspase-3 to autoactivate itself to caspase-3. The small-molecule-mediated activation of procaspases has great therapeutic potential and thus this discovery of the in vitro mechanism of action of PAC-1 is critical to the development and optimization of other procaspase-activating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn P Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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41
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Jayaraman A, Pike CJ. Progesterone attenuates oestrogen neuroprotection via downregulation of oestrogen receptor expression in cultured neurones. J Neuroendocrinol 2009; 21:77-81. [PMID: 19094096 PMCID: PMC2692678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that progesterone can attenuate the beneficial neural effects of oestrogen. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that progesterone can modulate oestrogen actions by regulating the expression and activity of oestrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta. Our studies in cultured neurones demonstrate that progesterone decreases the expression of both ERalpha and ERbeta and, as a consequence, also reduces both ER-dependent transcriptional activity and neuroprotection. These results identify a potential mechanism by which progesterone antagonises neural oestrogen actions, a finding that may have important implications for hormone therapy in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jayaraman
- Neuroscience Graduate Programme and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
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42
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Abstract
The development of small molecules to modulate caspase activity offers a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of apoptosis-related and inflammatory diseases. Caspases are key mediators of apoptosis and inflammation; deregulation of their activation or expression can lead to the development of conditions such as neurodegenerative and autoinflammatory disorders. This review details the different caspase-associated disorders while focusing on caspase-1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy. Problems facing the development of effective and safe caspase therapeutics will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Howley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - HO Fearnhead
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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43
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Du XB, Lang JY, XU JR, Lu Y, Wen YJ, Zhao JM, Diao P, Yuan ZP, Yao B, Fan LY, Wang GQ, Liu L, Ding ZY, Wang YS, Li T, Wang R, Mao YQ, Kan B, Wu HB, Li HX, Yang HS, Wu HB, Wei YQ, Zhao X. Vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein gene enhances the antitumor effects of radiation via induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis 2008; 13:1205-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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44
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Ye B, Yang JL, Chen LJ, Wu XX, Yang HS, Zhao JM, Yuan ZP, Li J, Wen YJ, Mao YQ, Lei S, Kan B, Fan LY, Yao WX, Wang R, Wang GQ, Du XB, Liu HY, Wu HB, Xu JR, Li HX, Zhang W, Zhao X, Wei YQ, Cheng L. Induction of apoptosis by phenylisocyanate derivative of quercetin: involvement of heat shock protein. Anticancer Drugs 2008; 18:1165-71. [PMID: 17893517 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3280145274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a widely distributed bioflavonoid, inhibits the growth of various tumor cells. The present study was designed to investigate whether a novel quercetin derivative [phenylisocyanate of quercetin (PHICNQ)] exerts antitumor activity against K562 and CT26 tumor cell lines by inducing apoptosis, and to examine the possible mechanism in the phenomenon. The cell proliferation assay of K562 and CT26 tumor cells was determined by the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Apoptosis of PHICNQ-treated cells was determined by morphological analysis, agarose gel DNA electrophoresis and quantitated by flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide. Cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression of heat shock protein 70 was checked by Western blot analysis. Our results showed that PHICNQ inhibited the proliferation of K562 and CT26 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. PHICNQ was 308- and 73-fold more active on CT26 and K562 cells than quercetin, respectively. In addition to this cytostatic effect, treatment of K562 and CT26 tumor cells with PHICNQ induced apoptosis. PHICNQ treatment downregulated the expression of heat shock protein 70 more dramatically than quercetin treatment. These results suggest that PHICNQ is a more powerful antiproliferative derivative than quercetin, with cytostatic and apoptotic effects on K562 and CT26 tumor cells. PHICNQ may trigger apoptosis in tumor cells through inhibition of heat shock protein 70 synthesis and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PRC
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45
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Mondragón L, Orzáez M, Sanclimens G, Moure A, Armiñán A, Sepúlveda P, Messeguer A, Vicent MJ, Pérez-Payá E. Modulation of cellular apoptosis with apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) inhibitors. J Med Chem 2008; 51:521-9. [PMID: 18197610 DOI: 10.1021/jm701195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The programmed cell death or apoptosis plays both physiological and pathological roles in biology. Anomalous activation of apoptosis has been associated with malignancies. The intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis activation occurs through a multiprotein complex named the apoptosome. We have discovered molecules that bind to a central protein component of the apoptosome, Apaf-1, and inhibits its activity. These new first-in-class apoptosome inhibitors have been further improved by modifications directed to enhance their cellular penetration to yield compounds that decrease cell death, both in cellular models of apoptosis and in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mondragón
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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46
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Tan TT, White E. Therapeutic Targeting of Death Pathways in Cancer: Mechanisms for Activating Cell Death in Cancer Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 615:81-104. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6554-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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47
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Ruiz Y, Rodrígues J, Arvelo F, Usubillaga A, Monsalve M, Diez N, Galindo-Castro I. Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effect of ent-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, a derivative of grandiflorolic acid from Espeletia schultzii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:432-8. [PMID: 17869315 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ent-Kaurenic acid and many natural derivatives of this diterpene are known to have interesting biological properties. ent-15-Oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid can be easily obtained from grandiflorolic acid which was first isolated from Espeletia grandiflora. The present work describes the proapoptotic effect of ent-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid on the human prostate carcinoma epithelial cell line PC-3 as evidenced by the changes in the expression level of proteins associated with the execution and regulation of apoptosis. Cell viability was affected upon exposure to the compound, the IC(50) were determined as 3.7 microg/ml, which is 4 times lower than that corresponding to a primary cell culture of fibroblasts (14.8 microg/mL). Through Western blot analysis, active forms of caspace-3 associated with the specific proteolysis of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were detected. Reduced levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, as well as the appearance of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, were also demonstrated. Thus, ent-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid may be a promising lead compound for new chemopreventive strategies, alone or in combination with traditional chemotherapy agents to overcome drug resistance in tumoral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarimar Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Proteómica, Centro de Biotecnología, Fundación IDEA, Carretera Nacional Hoyo de la Puerta-Baruta, Valle de Sartenejas, Municipio Baruta, Edo. Miranda, Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela
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Big wheel keeps on turning: apoptosome regulation and its role in chemoresistance. Cell Death Differ 2007; 15:443-52. [PMID: 17975549 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, enables organisms to maintain tissue homeostasis through deletion of extraneous cells and also serves as a means to eliminate potentially harmful cells. Numerous stress signals have been shown to engage the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, with the release from mitochondria of proapoptotic factors such as cytochrome c and the subsequent formation of a cytosolic complex between apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and procaspase-9, known as the apoptosome. Recent studies have led to the identification of an array of factors that control the formation and activation of the apoptosome under physiological conditions. Moreover, deregulation of apoptosome function has been documented in various forms of human cancer, and may play a role in both carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. We discuss how the apoptosome is regulated in normal and disease states, and how targeting of apoptosome-dependent, post-mitochondrial stages of apoptosis may serve as a rational approach to cancer treatment.
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49
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Liu Y, Chen L, He X, Fan L, Yang G, Chen X, Lin X, DU L, Li Z, Ye H, Mao Y, Zhao X, Wei Y. Enhancement of therapeutic effectiveness by combining liposomal honokiol with cisplatin in ovarian carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 18:652-9. [PMID: 17892458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Honokiol, a well-tolerated natural product, can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. But its water insolubility hampers its systemic administration for therapy of cancer. As a drug delivery system, the pegylated liposome (PEGL) can increase the water solubility and targeting of the drug. Honokiol has been successfully encapsulated by PEGL in our laboratory. We wondered whether the combination treatment with pegylated liposomal honokiol (H-PEGL) and cisplatin (DDP) could improve the antitumor efficacy in ovarian carcinoma. H-PEGL could introduce apoptosis of SKOV3 cells in vitro, which was quantified by flow cytometric analysis, and the cellular morphologic changes were determined by propidium iodide staining. In a human ovarian carcinoma mouse model, combination treatment with H-PEGL (0.4 mg/day for 30 days; intraperitoneal) and DDP (5 mg/kg on days 7, 11, 15, 19; intraperitoneal) acted synergistically to inhibit tumor growth by 91.48% without notable toxicity, but H-PEGL and DDP alone only inhibit tumor growth by 66.83% and 52.5% as compared to the NaCl solution control, respectively. Assessment of microvessel density and apoptosis index by CD31 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling immunohistochemistry respectively suggested that the antitumor activity of H-PEGL is mediated by angiogenesis inhibition and introduction of apoptosis. Our results showed us a splendid prospect of the clinical application of combination treatment on patients suffering from ovarian cancer with H-PEGL and DDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Agniswamy J, Fang B, Weber IT. Plasticity of S2-S4 specificity pockets of executioner caspase-7 revealed by structural and kinetic analysis. FEBS J 2007; 274:4752-65. [PMID: 17697120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many protein substrates of caspases are cleaved at noncanonical sites in comparison to the recognition motifs reported for the three caspase subgroups. To provide insight into the specificity and aid in the design of drugs to control cell death, crystal structures of caspase-7 were determined in complexes with six peptide analogs (Ac-DMQD-Cho, Ac-DQMD-Cho, Ac-DNLD-Cho, Ac-IEPD-Cho, Ac-ESMD-Cho, Ac-WEHD-Cho) that span the major recognition motifs of the three subgroups. The crystal structures show that the S2 pocket of caspase-7 can accommodate diverse residues. Glu is not required at the P3 position because Ac-DMQD-Cho, Ac-DQMD-Cho and Ac-DNLD-Cho with varied P3 residues are almost as potent as the canonical Ac-DEVD-Cho. P4 Asp was present in the better inhibitors of caspase-7. However, the S4 pocket of executioner caspase-7 has alternate regions for binding of small branched aliphatic or polar residues similar to those of initiator caspase-8. The observed plasticity of the caspase subsites agrees very well with the reported cleavage of many proteins at noncanonical sites. The results imply that factors other than the P4-P1 sequence, such as exosites, contribute to the in vivo substrate specificity of caspases. The novel peptide binding site identified on the molecular surface of the current structures is suggested to be an exosite of caspase-7. These results should be considered in the design of selective small molecule inhibitors of this pharmacologically important protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Agniswamy
- Department of Biology, Molecular Basis of Disease, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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