1
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Moës B, Krueger J, Kazanova A, Liu C, Gao Y, Ponnoor NA, Castoun-Puckett L, Lazo ACO, Huong L, Cabald AL, Tu TH, Rudd CE. GSK-3 regulates CD4-CD8 cooperation needed to generate super-armed CD8+ cytolytic T cells against tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.03.08.642085. [PMID: 40161618 PMCID: PMC11952298 DOI: 10.1101/2025.03.08.642085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
While immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment, the key T-cell signaling pathways responsible for its potency remain unclear. GSK-3 is an inhibitory kinase that is most active in resting T-cells. In this study, we demonstrate that GSK-3 facilitates PD-1 blockade, an effect seen by modulating CD4 T-cell help for CD8+ CTL responses against ICB resistant tumors. We show that GSK-3 controls metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis and synergizes with PD-1 to induce a transcriptional program that reduces suppressive CD4+ Treg numbers while generating super-armed effector-memory CD8+ CTLs that express an unprecedented 7/9 granzymes from the genome. Crucially, we found that GSK-3 cooperates with PD-1 blockade to determine the dependency of CD8+ CTLs on help from CD4+ T-cells. Our study unravels a novel cooperative PD-1 blockade-dependent signaling pathway that potentiates CTL responses against tumors, offering a new strategy to overcome immunotherapy resistance by modulating CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic functions. Significance This study demonstrates for the first time that GSK-3 controls the crosstalk between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, synergizing with anti-PD-1 therapy to overcome resistance to checkpoint blockade and to generate super-armed CD8+ effector cells in cancer immunotherapy. This newly uncovered GSK-3-dependent CD4-CD8 T-cell crosstalk mechanism presents a new approach to enhance anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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2
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Wang L, Tang D. Immunosenescence promotes cancer development: from mechanisms to treatment strategies. Cell Commun Signal 2025; 23:128. [PMID: 40065335 PMCID: PMC11892258 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-025-02082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
The body's innate immune system plays a pivotal role in identifying and eliminating cancer cells. However, as the immune system ages, its functionality can deteriorate, becoming dysfunctional, inefficient, or even inactive-a condition referred to as immunosenescence. This decline significantly increases the risk of malignancies. While the pro-cancer effects of T-cell aging have been widely explored, there remains a notable gap in the literature regarding the impact of aging on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils. This review seeks to address this gap, with emphasis on these cell types. Furthermore, although certain cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have demonstrated efficacy across a broad spectrum of cancers, elderly patients are less likely to derive clinical benefit from these treatments. In some cases, they may even experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs). While senolytic strategies have shown promise in exerting anti-cancer effects, their adverse reactions and potential off-target effects present significant challenges. This review aims to elucidate the pro-cancer effects of immunosenescence, its implications for the efficacy and safety of ICIs, and potential anti-aging treatment strategies. In addition, optimizing anti-aging therapies to minimize adverse reactions and enhance therapeutic outcomes remains a critical focus for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leihan Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital; The Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University; The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University; The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
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3
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Singhaviranon S, Dempsey JP, Hagymasi AT, Mandoiu II, Srivastava PK. Low-avidity T cells drive endogenous tumor immunity in mice and humans. Nat Immunol 2025; 26:240-251. [PMID: 39789375 PMCID: PMC11785530 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-02044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
T cells recognize neoepitope peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I on cancer cells. The strength (or avidity) of the T cell receptor-peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I interaction is a critical variable in immune control of cancers. Here, we analyze neoepitope-specific CD8 cells of distinct avidities and show that low-avidity T cells are the sole mediators of cancer control in mice and are solely responsive to checkpoint blockade in mice and humans. High-avidity T cells are ineffective and immune-suppressive. The mechanistic basis of these differences lies in the higher exhaustion status of high-avidity cells. High-avidity T cells have a distinct transcriptomic profile that is used here to calculate an 'avidity score', which we then use for in silico identification of low-avidity and high-avidity T cells in mice and humans. Surprisingly, CD8+ T cells with identical T cell receptors exhibit wide variation in avidities, suggesting an additional level of regulation of T cell activity. Aside from providing a better understanding of endogenous T cell responses to cancer, these findings might instruct future immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summit Singhaviranon
- Department of Immunology and Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Joseph P Dempsey
- Department of Immunology and Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Adam T Hagymasi
- Department of Immunology and Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ion I Mandoiu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut Mansfield, CT, USA
| | - Pramod K Srivastava
- Department of Immunology and Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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4
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Lawton ML, Inge MM, Blum BC, Smith-Mahoney EL, Bolzan D, Lin W, McConney C, Porter J, Moore J, Youssef A, Tharani Y, Varelas X, Denis GV, Wong WW, Padhorny D, Kozakov D, Siggers T, Wuchty S, Snyder-Cappione J, Emili A. Multiomic profiling of chronically activated CD4+ T cells identifies drivers of exhaustion and metabolic reprogramming. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002943. [PMID: 39689157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Repeated antigen exposure leads to T-cell exhaustion, a transcriptionally and epigenetically distinct cellular state marked by loss of effector functions (e.g., cytotoxicity, cytokine production/release), up-regulation of inhibitory receptors (e.g., PD-1), and reduced proliferative capacity. Molecular pathways underlying T-cell exhaustion have been defined for CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, but which factors drive exhaustion in CD4+ T cells, that are also required for an effective immune response against a tumor or infection, remains unclear. Here, we utilize quantitative proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and metabolomic analyses to characterize the molecular basis of the dysfunctional cell state induced by chronic stimulation of CD4+ memory T cells. We identified a dynamic response encompassing both known and novel up-regulated cell surface receptors, as well as dozens of unexpected transcriptional regulators. Integrated causal network analysis of our combined data predicts the histone acetyltransferase p300 as a driver of aspects of this phenotype following chronic stimulation, which we confirmed via targeted small molecule inhibition. While our integrative analysis also revealed large-scale metabolic reprogramming, our independent investigation confirmed a global remodeling away from glycolysis to a dysfunctional fatty acid oxidation-based metabolism coincident with oxidative stress. Overall, these data provide both insights into the mechanistic basis of CD4+ T-cell exhaustion and serve as a valuable resource for future interventional studies aimed at modulating T-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Lawton
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melissa M Inge
- Depart of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C Blum
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erika L Smith-Mahoney
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dante Bolzan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina McConney
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacob Porter
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jarrod Moore
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Youssef
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yashasvi Tharani
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Depart of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerald V Denis
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wilson W Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dzmitry Padhorny
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Dima Kozakov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Trevor Siggers
- Depart of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stefan Wuchty
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Miami Institute of Data Science and Computing, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Snyder-Cappione
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Depart of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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5
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Ebihara T, Yamada T, Fuchimukai A, Takasuga S, Endo T, Yamada T, Tatematsu M. Dysfunction of type 1 and type 2 immune cells: a lesson from exhausted-like ILC2s and their activation-induced cell death. Int Immunol 2024; 36:585-594. [PMID: 38788198 PMCID: PMC11511622 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of immune cell exhaustion/dysfunction has developed mainly to understand impaired type 1 immune responses, especially by CD8 T-cells against tumors or virus-infected cells, and has been applied to other lymphocytes. Natural killer (NK) cells and CD4 T cells support the efficient activation of CD8 T cells but exhibit dysfunctional phenotypes in tumor microenvironments and in chronic viral infections. In contrast, the concept of type 2 immune cell exhaustion/dysfunction is poorly established. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and T-helper 2 (Th2) cells are the major lymphocyte subsets that initiate and expand type 2 immune responses for antiparasitic immunity or allergy. In mouse models of chronic parasitic worm infections, Th2 cells display impaired type 2 immune responses. Chronic airway allergy induces exhausted-like ILC2s that quickly fall into activation-induced cell death to suppress exaggerated inflammation. Thus, the modes of exhaustion/dysfunction are quite diverse and rely on the types of inflammation and the cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of lymphocyte exhaustion/dysfunction in the context of type 1 and type 2 immune responses and discuss ILC2-specific regulatory mechanisms during chronic allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ebihara
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Center for Integrated Control, Epidemiology and Molecular Pathophysiology of Infectious Diseases, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Akane Fuchimukai
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takasuga
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Tentaro Endo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takechiyo Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Megumi Tatematsu
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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6
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Wakamatsu E, Machiyama H, Toyota H, Takeuchi A, Hashimoto R, Kozono H, Yokosuka T. Indirect suppression of CD4 T cell activation through LAG-3-mediated trans-endocytosis of MHC class II. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114655. [PMID: 39191259 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Blockade of immune checkpoint receptors has shown outstanding efficacy for tumor immunotherapy. Promising treatment with anti-lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) has already been recognized as the next efficacious treatment, but there is still limited understanding of the mechanism of LAG-3-mediated immune suppression. Here, utilizing high-resolution molecular imaging, we find a mechanism of CD4 T cell suppression via LAG-3, in which LAG-3-bound major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) gather at the central region of an immunological synapse and are trans-endocytosed by T cell receptor-driven internalization motility toward CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing LAG-3. Downregulation of MHC class II molecules on APCs thus results in the attenuation of their antigen-presentation function and impairment of CD4 T cell activation. From these data, anti-LAG-3 treatment is suggested to have potency to directly block the inhibitory signaling via LAG-3 and simultaneously reduce MHC class II expression on APCs by LAG-3-mediated trans-endocytosis for recovery from T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Wakamatsu
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Machiyama
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hiroko Toyota
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Arata Takeuchi
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hashimoto
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Haruo Kozono
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokosuka
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
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7
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Morihara H, Yamada T, Tona Y, Akasaka M, Okuyama H, Chatani N, Shinonome S, Ueyama A, Kuwabara K, Fujio Y. Anti-CTLA-4 treatment suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth through Th1-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305984. [PMID: 39106430 PMCID: PMC11302986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4)-mediated immune checkpoint system using an anti-CTLA-4 antibody (Ab) can suppress the growth of various cancers, but the detailed mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we established a monoclonal hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Hepa1-6 #12) and analyzed the mechanisms associated with anti-CTLA-4 Ab treatment. Depletion of CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, prevented anti-CTLA-4 Ab-mediated anti-tumor effects, suggesting dependence on CD4+ T cells. Anti-CTLA-4 Ab treatment resulted in recruitment of interferon-gamma (IFN-g)-producing CD4+ T cells, called T-helper 1 (Th1), into tumors, and neutralization of IFN-g abrogated the anti-tumor effects. Moreover, tumor growth suppression did not require major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I or MHC-II expression on cancer cells. In vitro studies showed that IFN-g can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that anti-CTLA-4 Ab can exert its anti-tumor effects through Th1-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Morihara
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamada
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumi Tona
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Marina Akasaka
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Okuyama
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsumi Chatani
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Shinonome
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Azumi Ueyama
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuwabara
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Long SA, Muir VS, Jones BE, Wall VZ, Ylescupidez A, Hocking AM, Pribitzer S, Thorpe J, Fuchs B, Wiedeman AE, Tatum M, Lambert K, Uchtenhagen H, Speake C, Ng B, Heubeck AT, Torgerson TR, Savage AK, Maldonado MA, Ray N, Khaychuk V, Liu J, Linsley PS, Buckner JH. Abatacept increases T cell exhaustion in early RA individuals who carry HLA risk alleles. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383110. [PMID: 38650930 PMCID: PMC11033422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Exhausted CD8 T cells (TEX) are associated with worse outcome in cancer yet better outcome in autoimmunity. Building on our past findings of increased TIGIT+KLRG1+ TEX with teplizumab therapy in type 1 diabetes (T1D), in the absence of treatment we found that the frequency of TIGIT+KLRG1+ TEX is stable within an individual but differs across individuals in both T1D and healthy control (HC) cohorts. This TIGIT+KLRG1+ CD8 TEX population shares an exhaustion-associated EOMES gene signature in HC, T1D, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and cancer subjects, expresses multiple inhibitory receptors, and is hyporesponsive in vitro, together suggesting co-expression of TIGIT and KLRG1 may broadly define human peripheral exhausted cells. In HC and RA subjects, lower levels of EOMES transcriptional modules and frequency of TIGIT+KLRG1+ TEX were associated with RA HLA risk alleles (DR0401, 0404, 0405, 0408, 1001) even when considering disease status and cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity. Moreover, the frequency of TIGIT+KLRG1+ TEX was significantly increased in RA HLA risk but not non-risk subjects treated with abatacept (CTLA4Ig). The DR4 association and selective modulation with abatacept suggests that therapeutic modulation of TEX may be more effective in DR4 subjects and TEX may be indirectly influenced by cellular interactions that are blocked by abatacept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alice Long
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Virginia S. Muir
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Britta E. Jones
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Valerie Z. Wall
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alyssa Ylescupidez
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anne M. Hocking
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephan Pribitzer
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jerill Thorpe
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bryce Fuchs
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alice E. Wiedeman
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Megan Tatum
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Katharina Lambert
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hannes Uchtenhagen
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Cate Speake
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bernard Ng
- VA National Rheumatology Program, Specialty Care Program Office, Washington, DC, United States
- Rheumatology Section, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Adam K. Savage
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jinqi Liu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Peter S. Linsley
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
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9
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Moser T, Zimmermann G, Baumgartner A, Berger T, Bsteh G, Di Pauli F, Enzinger C, Fertl E, Heller T, Koppi S, Rommer PS, Safoschnik G, Seifert-Held T, Stepansky R, Sellner J. Long-term outcome of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in Austria: a nationwide retrospective study. J Neurol 2024; 271:374-385. [PMID: 37728757 PMCID: PMC10770206 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The use of natalizumab (NAT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) may be complicated by progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare and life-threatening opportunistic brain infection. We aimed to analyze the course of MS after PML recovery together with the long-term outcome of NAT-associated PML (NAT-PML) in Austria. METHODS Retrospective study based on identification of cases in the nationwide Austrian MS treatment registry (AMSTR) and MS centers with review of patient records. The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) was used to measure neurological disability and outcome. RESULTS As of December 2022, we identified 15 NAT-PML cases in Austria; only 20% occurred after 2016, when increased vigilance commenced. Two patients did not survive acute PML, and an additional patient died five years later, yielding a mortality rate of 20%. Seizures occurred exclusively in patients with pronounced EDSS increase. Gadolinium (Gd)-enhancement on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on PML suspicion was associated with minor changes of post-PML neurological disability. Long-term follow-up of up to 132 months (median 76 months) was available in 11/15. The overall median EDSS increased from 3.5 at pre-PML to 6.5 at the last assessment. Regarding inflammatory MS-related disease activity during the observation period, one single individual experienced an MS relapse and another patient had two Gd-enhancing brain lesions. Three patients converted to progressive MS within three years from PML and the EDSS further increased in 6/11. CONCLUSIONS The number of NAT-PML cases is decreasing over time. While many patients accumulated severe persistent neurological deficits compared to pre-PML, inflammatory MS-related disease activity after PML recovery was rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Moser
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Zimmermann
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Team Biostatistics and Big Medical Data, IDA Lab Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Research and Innovation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Baumgartner
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Bsteh
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Di Pauli
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Elisabeth Fertl
- Department of Neurology, Klinik Landstrasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Heller
- Department of Neurology, Klinik Landstrasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Koppi
- Rehabilitation Clinic Montafon, Schruns, Austria
| | - Paulus S Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Neurology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Liechtensteinstrasse 67, 2130, Mistelbach, Austria.
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10
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Bailey JT, Moshkani S, Rexhouse C, Cimino JL, Robek MD. CD4 + T cells reverse surface antigen persistence in a mouse model of HBV replication. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0344723. [PMID: 37948314 PMCID: PMC10715182 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03447-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading causative agent of viral hepatitis. A preventative vaccine has existed for decades, but only limited treatment options are available for people living with chronic HBV. Animal models for studying HBV are constrained due to narrow viral tropism, impeding understanding of the natural immune response to the virus. Here, using a vector to overcome the narrow host range and establish HBV replication in mice, we identified the role of helper T cells in controlling HBV. We show that helper T cells promote the B cell's ability to generate antibodies that remove HBV and its associated surface antigen from the blood and that transfer of purified helper T cells from HBV-immunized mice can reverse the accumulation of virus and antigen, furthering our understanding of the immune response to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Bailey
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Safiehkhatoon Moshkani
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Catherine Rexhouse
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jesse L. Cimino
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael D. Robek
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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11
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Del Bello A, Treiner E. Immune Checkpoints in Solid Organ Transplantation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1358. [PMID: 37887068 PMCID: PMC10604300 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Allogenic graft acceptance is only achieved by life-long immunosuppression, which comes at the cost of significant toxicity. Clinicians face the challenge of adapting the patients' treatments over long periods to lower the risks associated with these toxicities, permanently leveraging the risk of excessive versus insufficient immunosuppression. A major goal and challenge in the field of solid organ transplantation (SOT) is to attain a state of stable immune tolerance specifically towards the grafted organ. The immune system is equipped with a set of inhibitory co-receptors known as immune checkpoints (ICs), which physiologically regulate numerous effector functions. Insufficient regulation through these ICs can lead to autoimmunity and/or immune-mediated toxicity, while excessive expression of ICs induces stable hypo-responsiveness, especially in T cells, a state sometimes referred to as exhaustion. IC blockade has emerged in the last decade as a powerful therapeutic tool against cancer. The opposite action, i.e., subverting IC for the benefit of establishing a state of specific hypo-responsiveness against auto- or allo-antigens, is still in its infancy. In this review, we will summarize the available literature on the role of ICs in SOT and the relevance of ICs with graft acceptance. We will also discuss the possible influence of current immunosuppressive medications on IC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Del Bello
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute (I2MC), Inserm UMR1297, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Treiner
- Faculty of Medicine, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Immunology, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291, 31024 Toulouse, France
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12
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Topchyan P, Lin S, Cui W. The Role of CD4 T Cell Help in CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Function During Chronic Infection and Cancer. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e41. [PMID: 37970230 PMCID: PMC10643329 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 and CD8 T cells are key players in the immune response against both pathogenic infections and cancer. CD4 T cells provide help to CD8 T cells via multiple mechanisms, including licensing dendritic cells (DCs), co-stimulation, and cytokine production. During acute infection and vaccination, CD4 T cell help is important for the development of CD8 T cell memory. However, during chronic viral infection and cancer, CD4 helper T cells are critical for the sustained effector CD8 T cell response, through a variety of mechanisms. In this review, we focus on T cell responses in conditions of chronic Ag stimulation, such as chronic viral infection and cancer. In particular, we address the significant role of CD4 T cell help in promoting effector CD8 T cell responses, emerging techniques that can be utilized to further our understanding of how these interactions may take place in the context of tertiary lymphoid structures, and how this key information can be harnessed for therapeutic utility against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paytsar Topchyan
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Siying Lin
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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13
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Guo M, Abd-Rabbo D, Bertol BC, Carew M, Lukhele S, Snell LM, Xu W, Boukhaled GM, Elsaesser H, Halaby MJ, Hirano N, McGaha TL, Brooks DG. Molecular, metabolic, and functional CD4 T cell paralysis in the lymph node impedes tumor control. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113047. [PMID: 37651234 PMCID: PMC10578141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cells are central effectors of anti-cancer immunity and immunotherapy, yet the regulation of CD4 tumor-specific T (TTS) cells is unclear. We demonstrate that CD4 TTS cells are quickly primed and begin to divide following tumor initiation. However, unlike CD8 TTS cells or exhaustion programming, CD4 TTS cell proliferation is rapidly frozen in place by a functional interplay of regulatory T cells and CTLA4. Together these mechanisms paralyze CD4 TTS cell differentiation, redirecting metabolic circuits, and reducing their accumulation in the tumor. The paralyzed state is actively maintained throughout cancer progression and CD4 TTS cells rapidly resume proliferation and functional differentiation when the suppressive constraints are alleviated. Overcoming their paralysis established long-term tumor control, demonstrating the importance of rapidly crippling CD4 TTS cells for tumor progression and their potential restoration as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Guo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diala Abd-Rabbo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruna C Bertol
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Madeleine Carew
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabelo Lukhele
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura M Snell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wenxi Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giselle M Boukhaled
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heidi Elsaesser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Jo Halaby
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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14
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McClory SE, Bardhan O, Rome KS, Giles JR, Baxter AE, Xu L, Gimotty PA, Faryabi RB, Wherry EJ, Pear WS, Jordan MS. The pseudokinase Trib1 regulates the transition of exhausted T cells to a KLR + CD8 + effector state, and its deletion improves checkpoint blockade. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112905. [PMID: 37527035 PMCID: PMC10540077 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell exhaustion (TEX) impairs the ability of T cells to clear chronic infection or cancer. While TEX are hypofunctional, some TEX retain effector gene signatures, a feature associated with killer lectin-like receptor (KLR) expression. Although KLR+ TEX (TKLR) may improve control of chronic antigen, the signaling molecules regulating this population are poorly understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, RNA velocity, and single-cell T cell receptor sequencing (scTCR-seq), we demonstrate that deleting the pseudokinase Trib1 shifts TEX toward CX3CR1+ intermediates with robust enrichment of TKLR via clonal T cell expansion. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrate this shift toward CD8+ TKLR in Trib1-deficient cells is CD8 intrinsic, while CD4-depletion studies demonstrate CD4+ T cells are required for improved viral control in Trib1 conditional knockout mice. Further, Trib1 loss augments anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade to improve viral clearance. These data identify Trib1 as an important regulator of CD8+ TEX whose targeting enhances the TKLR effector state and improves checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E McClory
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Oishi Bardhan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kelly S Rome
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lanwei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert B Faryabi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Warren S Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Martha S Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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15
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Li S, Hao L, Zhang J, Deng J, Hu X. Focus on T cell exhaustion: new advances in traditional Chinese medicine in infection and cancer. Chin Med 2023; 18:76. [PMID: 37355637 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic infections and cancers, T lymphocytes (T cells) are exposed to persistent antigen or inflammatory signals. The condition is often associated with a decline in T-cell function: a state called "exhaustion". T cell exhaustion is a state of T cell dysfunction characterized by increased expression of a series of inhibitory receptors (IRs), decreased effector function, and decreased cytokine secretion, accompanied by transcriptional and epigenetic changes and metabolic defects. The rise of immunotherapy, particularly the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has dramatically changed the clinical treatment paradigm for patients. However, its low response rate, single target and high immunotoxicity limit its clinical application. The multiple immunomodulatory potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides a new direction for improving the treatment of T cell exhaustion. Here, we review recent advances that have provided a clearer molecular understanding of T cell exhaustion, revealing the characteristics and causes of T cell exhaustion in persistent infections and cancers. In addition, this paper summarizes recent advances in improving T cell exhaustion in infectious diseases and cancer with the aim of providing a comprehensive and valuable source of information on TCM as an experimental study and their role in collaboration with ICIs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 37 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Hao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 37 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 37 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 37 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Sun L, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang B. T cells in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:235. [PMID: 37332039 PMCID: PMC10277291 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
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17
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Labrosse R, Boufaied I, Bourdin B, Gona S, Randolph HE, Logan BR, Bourbonnais S, Berthe C, Chan W, Buckley RH, Parrott RE, Cuvelier GDE, Kapoor N, Chandra S, Dávila Saldaña BJ, Eissa H, Goldman FD, Heimall J, O'Reilly R, Chaudhury S, Kolb EA, Shenoy S, Griffith LM, Pulsipher M, Kohn DB, Notarangelo LD, Pai SY, Cowan MJ, Dvorak CC, Haddad É, Puck JM, Barreiro LB, Decaluwe H. Aberrant T-cell exhaustion in severe combined immunodeficiency survivors with poor T-cell reconstitution after transplantation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:260-271. [PMID: 35987350 PMCID: PMC9924130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) comprises rare inherited disorders of immunity that require definitive treatment through hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or gene therapy for survival. Despite successes of allogeneic HCT, many SCID patients experience incomplete immune reconstitution, persistent T-cell lymphopenia, and poor long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that CD4+ T-cell lymphopenia could be associated with a state of T-cell exhaustion in previously transplanted SCID patients. METHODS We analyzed markers of exhaustion in blood samples from 61 SCID patients at a median of 10.4 years after HCT. RESULTS Compared to post-HCT SCID patients with normal CD4+ T-cell counts, those with poor T-cell reconstitution showed lower frequency of naive CD45RA+/CCR7+ T cells, recent thymic emigrants, and TCR excision circles. They also had a restricted TCR repertoire, increased expression of inhibitory receptors (PD-1, 2B4, CD160, BTLA, CTLA-4), and increased activation markers (HLA-DR, perforin) on their total and naive CD8+ T cells, suggesting T-cell exhaustion and aberrant activation, respectively. The exhaustion score of CD8+ T cells was inversely correlated with CD4+ T-cell count, recent thymic emigrants, TCR excision circles, and TCR diversity. Exhaustion scores were higher among recipients of unconditioned HCT, especially when further in time from HCT. Patients with fewer CD4+ T cells showed a transcriptional signature of exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS Recipients of unconditioned HCT for SCID may develop late post-HCT T-cell exhaustion as a result of diminished production of T-lineage cells. Elevated expression of inhibitory receptors on their T cells may be a biomarker of poor long-term T-cell reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Labrosse
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ines Boufaied
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoîte Bourdin
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saideep Gona
- Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Haley E Randolph
- Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Brent R Logan
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Sara Bourbonnais
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chloé Berthe
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wendy Chan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | | | - Geoffrey D E Cuvelier
- Manitoba Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Neena Kapoor
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Sharat Chandra
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Blachy J Dávila Saldaña
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Hesham Eissa
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Fred D Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
| | - Jennifer Heimall
- Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Richard O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sonali Chaudhury
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Edward A Kolb
- Nemours Children's Health, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Wilmington, Del
| | - Shalini Shenoy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Linda M Griffith
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Michael Pulsipher
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Morton J Cowan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Élie Haddad
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Hélène Decaluwe
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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18
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Hoogeveen RC, Dijkstra S, Bartsch LM, Drescher HK, Aneja J, Robidoux MP, Cheney JA, Timm J, Gehring A, de Sousa PSF, Ximenez L, Peliganga LB, Pitts A, Evans FB, Boonstra A, Kim AY, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lauer GM. Hepatitis B virus-specific CD4 T cell responses differentiate functional cure from chronic surface antigen + infection. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1276-1286. [PMID: 35716846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS With or without antiviral treatment, few individuals achieve sustained functional cure of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A better definition of what mediates functional cure is essential for improving immunotherapeutic strategies. We aimed to compare HBV-specific T cell responses in patients with different degrees of viral control. METHODS We obtained blood from 124 HBV-infected individuals, including those with acute self-limiting HBV infection, chronic infection, and chronic infection with functional cure. We screened for HBV-specific T cell specificities by ELISpot, assessed the function of HBV-specific T cells using intracellular cytokine staining, and characterized HBV-specific CD4 T cells using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II tetramer staining, all directly ex vivo. RESULTS ELISpot screening readily identified HBV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in acute resolving infection compared with more limited reactivity in chronic infection. Applying more sensitive assays revealed higher frequencies of functional HBV-specific CD4 T cells, but not CD8 T cells, in functional cure compared to chronic infection. Function independent analysis using HLA multimers also identified more HBV-specific CD4 T cell responses in functional cure compared to chronic infection, with the emergence of CD4 T cell memory both after acute and chronic infection. CONCLUSIONS Functional cure is associated with higher frequencies of functional HBV-specific CD4 memory T cell responses. Thus, immunotherapeutic approaches designed to induce HBV functional cure should also aim to improve CD4 T cell responses. LAY SUMMARY Immunotherapy is a form of treatment that relies on harnessing the power of an individual's immune system to target a specific disease or pathogen. Such approaches are being developed for patients with chronic HBV infection, in an attempt to mimic the immune response in patients who control HBV infection spontaneously, achieving a so-called functional cure. However, what exactly defines protective immune responses remains unclear. Herein, we show that functional cure is associated with robust responses by HBV-specific CD4 T cells (a type of immune cell).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben C Hoogeveen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Dijkstra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lea M Bartsch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Hannah K Drescher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jasneet Aneja
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Maxwell P Robidoux
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - James A Cheney
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Joerg Timm
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adam Gehring
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lya Ximenez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Baiao Peliganga
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola; Ministério da Saúde de Angola, Luanda, Angola
| | - Anita Pitts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Fiona B Evans
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - André Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Georg M Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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19
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Immune correlates of protection following Rift Valley fever virus vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:129. [PMID: 36307416 PMCID: PMC9616434 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a hemorrhagic fever virus with the potential for significant economic and public health impact. Vaccination with an attenuated strain, DelNSsRVFV, provides protection from an otherwise lethal RVFV challenge, but mechanistic determinants of protection are undefined. In this study, a murine model was used to assess the contributions of humoral and cellular immunity to DelNSsRVFV-mediated protection. Vaccinated mice depleted of T cells were protected against subsequent challenge, and passive transfer of immune serum from vaccinated animals to naïve animals was also protective, demonstrating that T cells were dispensable in the presence of humoral immunity and that humoral immunity alone was sufficient. Animals depleted of B cells and then vaccinated were protected against challenge. Total splenocytes, but not T cells alone, B cells alone, or B + T cells harvested from vaccinated animals and then transferred to naïve animals were sufficient to confer protection, suggesting that multiple cellular interactions were required for effective cellular immunity. Together, these data indicate that humoral immunity is sufficient to confer vaccine-mediated protection and suggests that cellular immunity plays a role in protection that requires the interaction of various cellular components.
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20
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Weißert K, Ammann S, Kögl T, Dettmer‐Monaco V, Schell C, Cathomen T, Ehl S, Aichele P. Adoptive T cell therapy cures mice from active hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e16085. [PMID: 36278424 PMCID: PMC9728053 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by impaired lymphocyte cytotoxicity. First-line therapeutic regimens directed against activated immune cells or secreted cytokines show limited efficacy since they do not target the underlying immunological problem: defective lymphocyte cytotoxicity causing prolonged immune stimulation. A potential rescue strategy would be the adoptive transfer of ex vivo gene-corrected autologous T cells. However, transfusion of cytotoxicity-competent T cells under conditions of hyperinflammation may cause more harm than benefit. As a proof-of-concept for adoptive T cell therapy (ATCT) under hyperinflammatory conditions, we transferred syngeneic, cytotoxicity-competent T cells into mice with virally triggered active primary HLH. ATCT with functional syngeneic trigger-specific T cells cured Jinx mice from active HLH without life-threatening side effects and protected Perforin-deficient mice from lethal HLH progression by reconstituting cytotoxicity. Cured mice were protected long-term from HLH relapses. A threshold frequency of transferred T cells with functional differentiation was identified as a predictive biomarker for long-term survival. This study is the first proof-of-concept for ATCT in active HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Weißert
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Faculty of BiologyAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Sandra Ammann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Tamara Kögl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Institute for Immunology, Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Viviane Dettmer‐Monaco
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Center for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Peter Aichele
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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21
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Ando S, Araki K. CD8 T cell heterogeneity during T cell exhaustion and PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. Int Immunol 2022; 34:571-577. [PMID: 35901837 PMCID: PMC9533227 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent antigenic stimulation results in loss of effector function or physical deletion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells. This T cell state is called T cell exhaustion and occurs during chronic infection and cancer. Antigen-specific CD8 T cells during T cell exhaustion express the inhibitory receptor PD-1, the expression of which plays a major role in T cell dysfunction. PD-1 blockade re-invigorates CD8 T cell immunity and has been proven effective against many different types of human cancer. To further improve the efficacy of PD-1-targeted immunotherapy in cancer patients, a better understanding of T cell exhaustion is required. Recent studies have revealed that antigen-specific CD8 T cells during T cell exhaustion are heterogeneous and have also uncovered the detailed mechanisms for PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. Here, we review the CD8 T cell subsets that arise during T cell exhaustion, the lineage relationship among these individual subsets and the role of each subset in PD-1 blockade. Also, we discuss potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of PD-1-targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Ando
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45229 OH, USA
| | - Koichi Araki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45229 OH, USA
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22
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Chung YR, Dangi T, Palacio N, Sanchez S, Penaloza-MacMaster P. Adoptive B cell therapy for chronic viral infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908707. [PMID: 35958615 PMCID: PMC9361846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-based therapies have been widely explored for the treatment of cancer and chronic infection, but B cell-based therapies have remained largely unexplored. To study the effect of B cell therapy, we adoptively transferred virus-specific B cells into mice that were chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Adoptive transfer of virus-specific B cells resulted in increase in antibody titers and reduction of viral loads. Importantly, the efficacy of B cell therapy was partly dependent on antibody effector functions, and was improved by co-transferring virus-specific CD4 T cells. These findings provide a proof-of-concept that adoptive B cell therapy can be effective for the treatment of chronic infections, but provision of virus-specific CD4 T cells may be critical for optimal virus neutralization.
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23
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Kuniholm J, Coote C, Henderson AJ. Defective HIV-1 genomes and their potential impact on HIV pathogenesis. Retrovirology 2022; 19:13. [PMID: 35764966 PMCID: PMC9238239 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective HIV-1 proviruses represent a population of viral genomes that are selected for by immune pressures, and clonally expanded to dominate the persistent HIV-1 proviral genome landscape. There are examples of RNA and protein expression from these compromised genomes which are generated by a variety of mechanisms. Despite the evidence that these proviruses are transcribed and translated, their role in HIV pathogenesis has not been fully explored. The potential for these genomes to participate in immune stimulation is particularly relevant considering the accumulation of cells harboring these defective proviruses over the course of antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV. The expression of defective proviruses in different cells and tissues could drive innate sensing mechanisms and inflammation. They may also alter antiviral T cell responses and myeloid cell functions that directly contribute to HIV-1 associated chronic comorbidities. Understanding the impact of these defective proviruses needs to be considered as we advance cure strategies that focus on targeting the diverse population of HIV-1 proviral genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Kuniholm
- Department of Microbiology, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02116, USA
| | - Carolyn Coote
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02116, USA
| | - Andrew J Henderson
- Department of Microbiology, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.
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24
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Nagasaki J, Togashi Y. A variety of 'exhausted' T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Int Immunol 2022; 34:563-570. [PMID: 35460561 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In T cell biology, 'exhaustion' was initially described as a hyporesponsive state in CD8 + T cells during chronic infections. Recently, exhaustion has been recognized as a T-cell dysfunctional state in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The term 'exhaustion' is used mainly to refer to effector T cells with a reduced capacity to secrete cytokines and an increased expression of inhibitory receptors. The upregulation of exhaustion-related inhibitory receptors, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), in such T cells has been associated with the development of tumors, prompting the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In addition to CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, including the regulatory T (Treg) cell subset, perform a wide variety of functions within the adaptive immune system. Upregulation of the same inhibitory receptors that are associated with CD8 + T-cell exhaustion has also been identified in CD4 + T cells in chronic infections and cancers, suggesting a similar CD4 + T-cell exhaustion phenotype. For instance, high expression of PD-1 has been observed in Treg cells in the TME, and such Treg cells can play an important role in the resistance to PD-1 blockade therapies. Furthermore, recent progress in single-cell RNA sequencing has shown that CD4 + T cells with cytotoxic activity are also vulnerable to exhaustion. In this review, we will discuss novel insights into various exhausted T-cell subsets, which could reveal novel therapeutic targets and strategies to induce a robust antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nagasaki
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.,Chiba Cancer Center, Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Chiba Cancer Center, Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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25
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Hu H, Mei J, Lin M, Wu X, Lin H, Chen G. The causal relationship between obesity and skin and soft tissue infections: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:996863. [PMID: 36568121 PMCID: PMC9768473 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.996863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many observational studies have shown that obesity strongly affects skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). However, whether a causal genetic relationship exists between obesity and SSTIs is unclear. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to explore whether obesity is causally associated with SSTIs using a publicly released genome-wide association study (GWAS). An inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis was used as the primary analysis, and the results are reported as the odds ratios (ORs). Heterogeneity was tested using Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic, and horizontal pleiotropy was tested using the MR-Egger intercept and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO). RESULTS The results of the MR analysis showed a positive effect of BMI on SSTIs (OR 1.544, 95% CI 1.399-1.704, P= 5.86 × 10-18). After adjusting for the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD), the positive effect still existed. Then, we further assessed the effect of BMI on different types of SSTIs. The results showed that BMI caused an increased risk of impetigo, cutaneous abscess, furuncle and carbuncle, cellulitis, pilonidal cyst, and other local infections of skin and subcutaneous tissues, except for acute lymphadenitis. However, the associations disappeared after adjusting for the effect of T2D and PVD, and the associations between BMI and impetigo or cellulitis disappeared. Finally, we assessed the effects of several obesity-related characteristics on SSTIs. Waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, and whole-body fat mass, excluding waist-to-hip ratio, had a causal effect on an increased risk of SSTIs. However, the associations disappeared after adjusting for the effect of BMI. CONCLUSION This study found that obesity had a positive causal effect on SSTIs. Reasonable weight control is a possible way to reduce the occurrence of SSTIs, especially in patients undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Jian Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Xianwei Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Haibin Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Guoli Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
- *Correspondence: Guoli Chen,
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26
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Traenkle B, Kaiser PD, Pezzana S, Richardson J, Gramlich M, Wagner TR, Seyfried D, Weldle M, Holz S, Parfyonova Y, Nueske S, Scholz AM, Zeck A, Jakobi M, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Schaller M, Maurer A, Gouttefangeas C, Kneilling M, Pichler BJ, Sonanini D, Rothbauer U. Single-Domain Antibodies for Targeting, Detection, and In Vivo Imaging of Human CD4 + Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:799910. [PMID: 34956237 PMCID: PMC8696186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of new immunotherapies necessitates appropriate probes to monitor the presence and distribution of distinct immune cell populations. Considering the key role of CD4+ cells in regulating immunological processes, we generated novel single-domain antibodies [nanobodies (Nbs)] that specifically recognize human CD4. After in-depth analysis of their binding properties, recognized epitopes, and effects on T-cell proliferation, activation, and cytokine release, we selected CD4-specific Nbs that did not interfere with crucial T-cell processes in vitro and converted them into immune tracers for noninvasive molecular imaging. By optical imaging, we demonstrated the ability of a high-affinity CD4-Nb to specifically visualize CD4+ cells in vivo using a xenograft model. Furthermore, quantitative high-resolution immune positron emission tomography (immunoPET)/MR of a human CD4 knock-in mouse model showed rapid accumulation of 64Cu-radiolabeled CD4-Nb1 in CD4+ T cell-rich tissues. We propose that the CD4-Nbs presented here could serve as versatile probes for stratifying patients and monitoring individual immune responses during personalized immunotherapy in both cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Stefania Pezzana
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Gramlich
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Teresa R Wagner
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Seyfried
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Weldle
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Holz
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yana Parfyonova
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Nueske
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Armin M Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Anne Zeck
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Meike Jakobi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Ribeiro SP, De Moura Mattaraia VG, Almeida RR, Valentine EJG, Sales NS, Ferreira LCS, Sa-Rocha LC, Jacintho LC, Santana VC, Sidney J, Sette A, Rosa DS, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E. A promiscuous T cell epitope-based HIV vaccine providing redundant population coverage of the HLA class II elicits broad, polyfunctional T cell responses in nonhuman primates. Vaccine 2021; 40:239-246. [PMID: 34961636 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, several emerging or reemerging viral diseases with no readily available vaccines have ravaged the world. A platform to fastly generate vaccines inducing potent and durable neutralizing antibody and T cell responses is sorely needed. Bioinformatically identified epitope-based vaccines can focus on immunodominant T cell epitopes and induce more potent immune responses than a whole antigen vaccine and may be deployed more rapidly and less costly than whole-gene vaccines. Increasing evidence has shown the importance of the CD4+ T cell response in protection against HIV and other viral infections. The previously described DNA vaccine HIVBr18 encodes 18 conserved, promiscuous epitopes binding to multiple HLA-DR-binding HIV epitopes amply recognized by HIV-1-infected patients. HIVBr18 elicited broad, polyfunctional, and durable CD4+and CD8+ T cell responses in BALB/c and mice transgenic to HLA class II alleles, showing cross-species promiscuity. To fully delineate the promiscuity of the HLA class II vaccine epitopes, we assessed their binding to 34 human class II (HLA-DR, DQ, and -DP) molecules, and immunized nonhuman primates. Results ascertained redundant 100% coverage of the human population for multiple peptides. We then immunized Rhesus macaques with HIVBr18 under in vivo electroporation. The immunization induced strong, predominantly polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses in all animals to 13 out of the 18 epitopes; T cells from each animal recognized 7-11 epitopes. Our results provide a preliminary proof of concept that immunization with a vaccine encoding epitopes with high and redundant coverage of the human population can elicit potent T cell responses to multiple epitopes, across species and MHC barriers. This approach may facilitate the rapid deployment of immunogens eliciting cellular immunity against emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Pereira Ribeiro
- Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60/University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology - iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Ribeiro Almeida
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60/University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology - iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natiely Silva Sales
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos S Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Cauê Jacintho
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60/University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology - iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Canato Santana
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60/University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology - iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), LA Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology - iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60/University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology - iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60/University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology - iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Qu M, Zhou X, Li H. BCG vaccination strategies against tuberculosis: updates and perspectives. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5284-5295. [PMID: 34856853 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2007711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). However, BCG has variable efficacy and cannot completely prevent TB infection and transmission. Therefore, the worldwide prevalence of TB calls for urgent development of a more effective TB vaccine. In the absence of other approved vaccines, it is also necessary to improve the efficacy of BCG itself. Intravenous (IV) BCG administration and BCG revaccination strategies have recently shown promising results for clinical usage. Therefore, it is necessary for us to revisit the BCG vaccination strategies and summarize the current research updates related to BCG vaccination. This literature review provides an updated overview and perspectives of the immunization strategies against TB using BCG, which may inspire the following research on TB vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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29
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Bachireddy P, Azizi E, Burdziak C, Nguyen VN, Ennis CS, Maurer K, Park CY, Choo ZN, Li S, Gohil SH, Ruthen NG, Ge Z, Keskin DB, Cieri N, Livak KJ, Kim HT, Neuberg DS, Soiffer RJ, Ritz J, Alyea EP, Pe'er D, Wu CJ. Mapping the evolution of T cell states during response and resistance to adoptive cellular therapy. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109992. [PMID: 34758319 PMCID: PMC9035342 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate mechanisms by which T cells eliminate leukemia, we study donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), an established immunotherapy for relapsed leukemia. We model T cell dynamics by integrating longitudinal, multimodal data from 94,517 bone marrow-derived single T cell transcriptomes in addition to chromatin accessibility and single T cell receptor sequencing from patients undergoing DLI. We find that responsive tumors are defined by enrichment of late-differentiated T cells before DLI and rapid, durable expansion of early differentiated T cells after treatment, highly similar to "terminal" and "precursor" exhausted subsets, respectively. Resistance, in contrast, is defined by heterogeneous T cell dysfunction. Surprisingly, early differentiated T cells in responders mainly originate from pre-existing and novel clonotypes recruited to the leukemic microenvironment, rather than the infusion. Our work provides a paradigm for analyzing longitudinal single-cell profiling of scenarios beyond adoptive cell therapy and introduces Symphony, a Bayesian approach to infer regulatory circuitry underlying T cell subsets, with broad relevance to exhaustion antagonists across cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Bachireddy
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Hematopoietic Biology & Malignancy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) Scholar in Cancer Research, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
| | - Elham Azizi
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Cassandra Burdziak
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vinhkhang N Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christina S Ennis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Katie Maurer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cameron Y Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zi-Ning Choo
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Satyen H Gohil
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Neil G Ruthen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhongqi Ge
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology & Malignancy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Derin B Keskin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicoletta Cieri
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Haesook T Kim
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robert J Soiffer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edwin P Alyea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Parker Institute of Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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30
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Miggelbrink AM, Jackson JD, Lorrey SJ, Srinivasan ES, Waibl-Polania J, Wilkinson DS, Fecci PE. CD4 T-Cell Exhaustion: Does It Exist and What Are Its Roles in Cancer? Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5742-5752. [PMID: 34127507 PMCID: PMC8563372 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In chronic infections and in cancer, persistent antigen stimulation under suboptimal conditions can lead to the induction of T-cell exhaustion. Exhausted T cells are characterized by an increased expression of inhibitory markers and a progressive and hierarchical loss of function. Although cancer-induced exhaustion in CD8 T cells has been well-characterized and identified as a therapeutic target (i.e., via checkpoint inhibition), in-depth analyses of exhaustion in other immune cell types, including CD4 T cells, is wanting. While perhaps attributable to the contextual discovery of exhaustion amidst chronic viral infection, the lack of thorough inquiry into CD4 T-cell exhaustion is particularly surprising given their important role in orchestrating immune responses through T-helper and direct cytotoxic functions. Current work suggests that CD4 T-cell exhaustion may indeed be prevalent, and as CD4 T cells have been implicated in various disease pathologies, such exhaustion is likely to be clinically relevant. Defining phenotypic exhaustion in the various CD4 T-cell subsets and how it influences immune responses and disease severity will be crucial to understanding collective immune dysfunction in a variety of pathologies. In this review, we will discuss mechanistic and clinical evidence for CD4 T-cell exhaustion in cancer. Further insight into the derivation and manifestation of exhaustive processes in CD4 T cells could reveal novel therapeutic targets to abrogate CD4 T-cell exhaustion in cancer and induce a robust antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Miggelbrink
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua D. Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Selena J. Lorrey
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ethan S. Srinivasan
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessica Waibl-Polania
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniel S. Wilkinson
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peter E. Fecci
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Corresponding Author: Peter E. Fecci, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Medical Center, DUMC Box 3050, Durham, NC 27705. Phone: 919–681–1010; E-mail:
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31
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Rha MS, Shin EC. Activation or exhaustion of CD8 + T cells in patients with COVID-19. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2325-2333. [PMID: 34413488 PMCID: PMC8374113 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to CD4+ T cells and neutralizing antibodies, CD8+ T cells contribute to protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an ongoing pandemic disease. In patients with COVID-19, CD8+ T cells exhibiting activated phenotypes are commonly observed, although the absolute number of CD8+ T cells is decreased. In addition, several studies have reported an upregulation of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors, such as PD-1, and the expression of exhaustion-associated gene signatures in CD8+ T cells from patients with COVID-19. However, whether CD8+ T cells are truly exhausted during COVID-19 has been a controversial issue. In the present review, we summarize the current understanding of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and describe the available knowledge on the phenotypes and functions of CD8+ T cells in the context of activation and exhaustion. We also summarize recent reports regarding phenotypical and functional analyses of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells and discuss long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T-cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Rha
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Chronic LCMV Infection Is Fortified with Versatile Tactics to Suppress Host T Cell Immunity and Establish Viral Persistence. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101951. [PMID: 34696381 PMCID: PMC8537583 DOI: 10.3390/v13101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the immune regulatory strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), such as Clone 13, were isolated, LCMV infection of mice has served as a valuable model for the mechanistic study of viral immune suppression and virus persistence. The exhaustion of virus-specific T cells was demonstrated during LCMV infection, and the underlying mechanisms have been extensively investigated using LCMV infection in mouse models. In particular, the mechanism for gradual CD8+ T cell exhaustion at molecular and transcriptional levels has been investigated. These studies revealed crucial roles for inhibitory receptors, surface markers, regulatory cytokines, and transcription factors, including PD-1, PSGL-1, CXCR5, and TOX in the regulation of T cells. However, the action mode for CD4+ T cell suppression is largely unknown. Recently, sphingosine kinase 2 was proven to specifically repress CD4+ T cell proliferation and lead to LCMV persistence. As CD4+ T cell regulation was also known to be important for viral persistence, research to uncover the mechanism for CD4+ T cell repression could help us better understand how viruses launch and prolong their persistence. This review summarizes discoveries derived from the study of LCMV in regard to the mechanisms for T cell suppression and approaches for the termination of viral persistence with special emphasis on CD8+ T cells.
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33
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Lu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang L. CD4 + Memory Stem T Cell in Peripheral Blood: A Promising Immune Index for Early Screening and Auxiliary Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701738. [PMID: 34327142 PMCID: PMC8313852 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Colorectal cancer (CRC) lacks obvious symptoms in the early stage of the disease, making it is easy to be misdiagnosed and remain undetected. Here, we explored the role of CD4+ memory stem T cells (TSCM) in peripheral blood in the early screening and auxiliary diagnosis of CRC. Materials and Methods Patients diagnosed with a “colorectal mass” by colonoscopy, at the Dongyang People’s Hospital (Zhejiang, China), between November 2020 and June 2021, were included in this prospective study. Using histopathological results as the gold standard for diagnosis, patients were divided into “CRC group” and “benign tumor group”. Healthy volunteers were recruited as “healthy controls.” Ten-color flow cytometry was used to detect CD4+ T cell subsets, and the results were analyzed using the Kaluza software. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) were detected by the Roche Cobas e 602 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Results This study involved 33 patients with CRC, 41 patients with colorectal benign tumors, and 49 healthy volunteers. The absolute value and frequency of CD4+ TSCM can clearly distinguish colorectal cancer, benign tumors, and healthy controls. According to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the absolute value of CD4+ TSCM used to assist in the diagnosis of CRC was 0.758 (sensitivity: 0.612; specificity: 0.788), which is higher than the values for CEA (AUC: 0.707) and CA199 (AUC: 0.552). In early screening, the sensitivity of the absolute value of CD4+ TSCM (sensitivity: 0.612) was significantly higher than that of CEA (sensitivity: 0.333) and CA199 (sensitivity: 0.259). Conclusion CD4+ TSCM in peripheral blood may be a promising immune index for the early screening and auxiliary diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, DongYang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, DongYang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China
| | - Longyi Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, DongYang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China
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34
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Collier JL, Weiss SA, Pauken KE, Sen DR, Sharpe AH. Not-so-opposite ends of the spectrum: CD8 + T cell dysfunction across chronic infection, cancer and autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:809-819. [PMID: 34140679 PMCID: PMC9197228 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are critical mediators of cytotoxic effector function in infection, cancer and autoimmunity. In cancer and chronic viral infection, CD8+ T cells undergo a progressive loss of cytokine production and cytotoxicity, a state termed T cell exhaustion. In autoimmunity, autoreactive CD8+ T cells retain the capacity to effectively mediate the destruction of host tissues. Although the clinical outcome differs in each context, CD8+ T cells are chronically exposed to antigen in all three. These chronically stimulated CD8+ T cells share some common phenotypic features, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic programming, across disease contexts. A better understanding of these CD8+ T cell states may reveal novel strategies to augment clearance of chronic viral infection and cancer and to mitigate self-reactivity leading to tissue damage in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Collier
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital
| | - Sarah A Weiss
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA
| | - Kristen E Pauken
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA
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35
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Brooks DG, Tishon A, Oldstone MBA, McGavern DB. Prevention of CD8 T Cell Deletion during Chronic Viral Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071189. [PMID: 34206262 PMCID: PMC8310272 DOI: 10.3390/v13071189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During chronic viral infections, CD8 T cells rapidly lose antiviral and immune-stimulatory functions in a sustained program termed exhaustion. In addition to this loss of function, CD8 T cells with the highest affinity for viral antigen can be physically deleted. Consequently, treatments designed to restore function to exhausted cells and control chronic viral replication are limited from the onset by the decreased breadth of the antiviral T cell response. Yet, it remains unclear why certain populations of CD8 T cells are deleted while others are preserved in an exhausted state. We report that CD8 T cell deletion during chronic viral infection can be prevented by therapeutically lowering viral replication early after infection. The initial resistance to deletion enabled long-term maintenance of antiviral cytolytic activity of the otherwise deleted high-affinity CD8 T cells. In combination with decreased virus titers, CD4 T cell help and prolonged interactions with costimulatory molecules B7-1/B7-2 were required to prevent CD8 T cell deletion. Thus, therapeutic strategies to decrease early virus replication could enhance virus-specific CD8 T cell diversity and function during chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Brooks
- Viral Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.T.); (M.B.A.O.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.G.B.); (D.B.M.)
| | - Antoinette Tishon
- Viral Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.T.); (M.B.A.O.)
| | - Michael B. A. Oldstone
- Viral Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.T.); (M.B.A.O.)
| | - Dorian B. McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, The National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA
- Correspondence: (D.G.B.); (D.B.M.)
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36
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Shenderov E, Kandasamy M, Gileadi U, Chen J, Shepherd D, Gibbs J, Prota G, Silk JD, Yewdell JW, Cerundolo V. Generation and characterization of HLA-A2 transgenic mice expressing the human TCR 1G4 specific for the HLA-A2 restricted NY-ESO-1 157-165 tumor-specific peptide. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002544. [PMID: 34088742 PMCID: PMC8183295 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NY-ESO-1 is a tumor-specific, highly immunogenic, human germ cell antigen of the MAGE-1 family that is a promising vaccine and cell therapy candidate in clinical trial development. The mouse genome does not encode an NY-ESO-1 homolog thereby not subjecting transgenic T-cells to thymic tolerance mechanisms that might impair in-vivo studies. We hypothesized that an NY-ESO-1 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse would provide the unique opportunity to study avidity of TCR response against NY-ESO-1 for tumor vaccine and cellular therapy development against this clinically relevant and physiological human antigen. Methods To study in vitro and in vivo the requirements for shaping an effective T cell response against the clinically relevant NY-ESO-1, we generated a C57BL/6 HLA-A*0201 background TCR transgenic mouse encoding the 1G4 TCR specific for the human HLA-A2 restricted, NY-ESO-1157-165 SLLMWITQC (9C), initially identified in an NY-ESO-1 positive melanoma patient. Results The HLA-A*0201 restricted TCR was positively selected on both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Mouse 1G4 T cells were not activated by endogenous autoimmune targets or a large library of non-cognate viral antigens. In contrast, their activation by HLA-A2 NY-ESO-1157-165 complexes was evident by proliferation, CD69 upregulation, interferon-γ production, and interleukin-2 production, and could be tuned using a twofold higher affinity altered peptide ligand, NY-ESO-1157-165V. NY-ESO-1157-165V recombinant vaccination of syngeneic mice adoptively transferred with m1G4 CD8+ T cells controlled tumor growth in vivo. 1G4 transgenic mice suppressed growth of syngeneic methylcholanthrene (MCA) induced HHD tumor cells expressing the full-length human NY-ESO-1 protein but not MCA HHD tumor cells lacking NY-ESO-1. Conclusions The 1G4 TCR mouse model for the physiological human TCR against the clinically relevant antigen, NY-ESO-1, is a valuable tool with the potential to accelerate clinical development of NY-ESO-1-targeted T-cell and vaccine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Shenderov
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK .,National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matheswaran Kandasamy
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Jili Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Dawn Shepherd
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - James Gibbs
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gennaro Prota
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan D Silk
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK.,Next Generation Research, Adaptimmune, Abingdon, UK
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
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T cell immune discriminants of HIV reservoir size in a pediatric cohort of perinatally infected individuals. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009533. [PMID: 33901266 PMCID: PMC8112655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The size of the latent HIV reservoir is associated with the timing of therapeutic interventions and overall health of the immune system. Here, we demonstrate that T cell phenotypic signatures associate with viral reservoir size in a cohort of HIV vertically infected children and young adults under durable viral control, and who initiated anti-retroviral therapy (ART) <2 years old. Flow cytometry was used to measure expression of immune activation (IA), immune checkpoint (ICP) markers, and intracellular cytokine production after stimulation with GAG peptides in CD4 and CD8 T cells from cross-sectional peripheral blood samples. We also evaluated the expression of 96 genes in sort-purified total CD4 and CD8 T cells along with HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells using a multiplexed RT-PCR approach. As a measure of HIV reservoir, total HIV-DNA quantification by real-time PCR was performed. Poisson regression modeling for predicting reservoir size using phenotypic markers revealed a signature that featured frequencies of PD-1+CD4 T cells, TIGIT+CD4 T cells and HIV-specific (CD40L+) CD4 T cells as important predictors and it also shows that time of ART initiation strongly affects their association with HIV-DNA. Further, gene expression analysis showed that the frequencies of PD-1+CD4 T cells associated with a CD4 T cell molecular profile skewed toward an exhausted Th1 profile. Our data provide a link between immune checkpoint molecules and HIV persistence in a pediatric cohort as has been demonstrated in adults. Frequencies of PD-1+ and TIGIT+CD4 T cells along with the frequency of HIV-specific CD4 T cells could be associated with the mechanism of viral persistence and may provide insight into potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Low HIV reservoir size is associated with positive outcomes of therapeutic approaches and better immune function. Here, we identified a 9-marker T cell immune signature based on phenotypic flow cytometry data that associated with total HIV DNA measurements in a pediatric cohort of 34 perinatally infected participants with sustained viral control. Notably, frequencies of PD-1+ CD4 T cells and TIGIT+ CD4 T cells were positively correlated and HIV-specific (CD40L+) CD4 T cells were negatively correlated with HIV DNA, and were impacted by time of ART initiation. Gene expression analysis by multiplex RT-PCR showed that the frequencies of PD-1+ CD4 T cells associated with an exhausted Th1 molecular profile in CD4 T cells. This signature could inform future therapeutic studies and provide mechanistic insight on HIV persistence in perinatally infected HIV.
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Pérez-Antón E, Egui A, Thomas MC, Carrilero B, Simón M, López-Ruz MÁ, Segovia M, López MC. A proportion of CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic Chagas disease undergo a dysfunctional process, which is partially reversed by benznidazole treatment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009059. [PMID: 33539379 PMCID: PMC7888659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Signs of senescence and the late stages of differentiation associated with the more severe forms of Chagas disease have been described in the Trypanosoma cruzi antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell population. However, the mechanisms involved in these functions are not fully known. To date, little is known about the possible impact of benznidazole treatment on the T. cruzi-specific functional response of CD4+ T cells. Methodology/Principal findings The functional capacity of CD4+ T cells was analyzed by cytometric assays in chronic Chagas disease patients, with indeterminate form (IND) and cardiac alterations (CCC) (25 and 15, respectively) before and after benznidazole treatment. An increase in the multifunctional capacity (expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, perforin and/or granzyme B) of the antigen-specific CD4+ T cells was observed in indeterminate versus cardiac patients, which was associated with the reduced coexpression of inhibitory receptors (2B4, CD160, CTLA-4, PD-1 and/or TIM-3). The functional profile of these cells shows statistically significant differences between IND and CCC (p<0.001), with a higher proportion of CD4+ T cells coexpressing 2 and 3 molecules in IND (54.4% versus 23.1% and 4.1% versus 2.4%, respectively). A significant decrease in the frequencies of CD4+ T cells that coexpress 2, 3 and 4 inhibitory receptors was observed in IND after 24–48 months of treatment (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), which was associated with an increase in antigen-specific multifunctional activity. The IND group showed, at 9–12 months after treatment, an increase in the CD4+ T cell subset coproducing three molecules, which were mainly granzyme B+, perforin+ and IFN-γ+ (1.4% versus 4.5%). Conclusions/Significance A CD4+ T cell dysfunctional process was detected in chronic Chagas disease patients, being more exacerbated in those patients with cardiac symptoms. After short-term benznidazole treatment (9–12 months), indeterminate patients showed a significant increase in the frequency of multifunctional antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Trypanosoma cruzi infection triggers several immune mechanisms in the host that do not result in a total clearance of the parasite, the persistence of which leads to the chronicity of Chagas disease. The mechanisms by which some chronic patients remain asymptomatic or become symptomatic are not entirely clear. The aim of the present manuscript is to study the CD4+ T cell population and its functional capacity in patients with different forms of chronic disease. The obtained results indicate that cells from indeterminate patients have an enhanced multifunctional profile, which is associated with the reduced expression of inhibitory molecules. CD4+ T cells from chronic patients with cardiac alterations show lower functional activity against specific antigens of the parasite and increased coexpression of inhibitory molecules. After benznidazole treatment, antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, especially those from indeterminate patients, are more likely to show a multifunctional profile and a decline in the coexpression of inhibitory receptors. These results allow us to make progress in clarifying the mechanisms that may influence disease progression and to realize the importance of antiparasitic treatment for the enhancement of the activity of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pérez-Antón
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Granada, Spain
| | - Adriana Egui
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Granada, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Thomas
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Granada, Spain
| | - Bartolomé Carrilero
- Unidad Regional de Medicina Tropical, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca; El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Simón
- Unidad Regional de Medicina Tropical, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca; El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Segovia
- Unidad Regional de Medicina Tropical, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca; El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Carlos López
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Trefzer A, Kadam P, Wang SH, Pennavaria S, Lober B, Akçabozan B, Kranich J, Brocker T, Nakano N, Irmler M, Beckers J, Straub T, Obst R. Dynamic adoption of anergy by antigen-exhausted CD4 + T cells. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108748. [PMID: 33567282 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhausted immune responses to chronic diseases represent a major challenge to global health. We study CD4+ T cells in a mouse model with regulatable antigen presentation. When the cells are driven through the effector phase and are then exposed to different levels of persistent antigen, they lose their T helper 1 (Th1) functions, upregulate exhaustion markers, resemble naturally anergic cells, and modulate their MAPK, mTORC1, and Ca2+/calcineurin signaling pathways with increasing dose and time. They also become unable to help B cells and, at the highest dose, undergo apoptosis. Transcriptomic analyses show the dynamic adjustment of gene expression and the accumulation of T cell receptor (TCR) signals over a period of weeks. Upon antigen removal, the cells recover their functionality while losing exhaustion and anergy markers. Our data suggest an adjustable response of CD4+ T cells to different levels of persisting antigen and contribute to a better understanding of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Trefzer
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pallavi Kadam
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Shu-Hung Wang
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pennavaria
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Benedikt Lober
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Batuhan Akçabozan
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jan Kranich
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Brocker
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Naoko Nakano
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Reinhard Obst
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Collora JA, Liu R, Albrecht K, Ho YC. The single-cell landscape of immunological responses of CD4+ T cells in HIV versus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2021; 16:36-47. [PMID: 33165008 PMCID: PMC8162470 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW CD4 T cell loss is the hallmark of uncontrolled HIV-1 infection. Strikingly, CD4 T cell depletion is a strong indicator for disease severity in the recently emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We reviewed recent single-cell immune profiling studies in HIV-1 infection and COVID-19 to provide critical insight in virus-induced immunopathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Cytokine dysregulation in HIV-1 leads to chronic inflammation, while severe SARS-CoV-2 infection induces cytokine release syndrome and increased mortality. HIV-1-specific CD4 T cells are dysfunctional, while SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells exhibit robust Th1 function and correlate with protective antibody responses. In HIV-1 infection, follicular helper T cells (TFH) are susceptible to HIV-1 infection and persist in immune-sanctuary sites in lymphoid tissues as an HIV-1 reservoir. In severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, TFH are absent in lymphoid tissues and are associated with diminished protective immunity. Advancement in HIV-1 DNA, RNA, and protein-based single-cell capture methods can overcome the rarity and heterogeneity of HIV-1-infected cells and identify mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence and clonal expansion dynamics. SUMMARY Single-cell immune profiling identifies a high-resolution picture of immune dysregulation in HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection and informs outcome prediction and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Collora
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Rome KS, Stein SJ, Kurachi M, Petrovic J, Schwartz GW, Mack EA, Uljon S, Wu WW, DeHart AG, McClory SE, Xu L, Gimotty PA, Blacklow SC, Faryabi RB, Wherry EJ, Jordan MS, Pear WS. Trib1 regulates T cell differentiation during chronic infection by restraining the effector program. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133863. [PMID: 32150623 PMCID: PMC7201917 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic infections, the immune response fails to control virus, leading to persistent antigen stimulation and the progressive development of T cell exhaustion. T cell effector differentiation is poorly understood in the context of exhaustion, but targeting effector programs may provide new strategies for reinvigorating T cell function. We identified Tribbles pseudokinase 1 (Trib1) as a central regulator of antiviral T cell immunity, where loss of Trib1 led to a sustained enrichment of effector-like KLRG1+ T cells, enhanced function, and improved viral control. Single-cell profiling revealed that Trib1 restrains a population of KLRG1+ effector CD8 T cells that is transcriptionally distinct from exhausted cells. Mechanistically, we identified an interaction between Trib1 and the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling activator, MALT1, which disrupted MALT1 signaling complexes. These data identify Trib1 as a negative regulator of TCR signaling and downstream function, and reveal a link between Trib1 and effector versus exhausted T cell differentiation that can be targeted to improve antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Rome
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah J Stein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jelena Petrovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gregory W Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ethan A Mack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sacha Uljon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Winona W Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anne G DeHart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susan E McClory
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lanwei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Robert B Faryabi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martha S Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Warren S Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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TCR Transgenic Mice: A Valuable Tool for Studying Viral Immunopathogenesis Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249690. [PMID: 33353154 PMCID: PMC7765986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases are a significant burden on public health and the global economy, and new viral threats emerge continuously. Since CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses are essential to eliminating viruses, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms of anti-viral T cell-mediated immunopathogenesis during viral infections. Remarkable progress in transgenic (Tg) techniques has enabled scientists to more readily understand the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. T cell receptor (TCR) Tg mice are extremely useful in studying T cell-mediated immune responses because the majority of T cells in these mice express specific TCRs for partner antigens. In this review, we discuss the important studies utilizing TCR Tg mice to unveil underlying mechanisms of T cell-mediated immunopathogenesis during viral infections.
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Rizzo MD, Henriquez JE, Blevins LK, Bach A, Crawford RB, Kaminski NE. Targeting Cannabinoid Receptor 2 on Peripheral Leukocytes to Attenuate Inflammatory Mechanisms Implicated in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:780-793. [PMID: 32409991 PMCID: PMC7666101 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection affects an estimated 38 million people. Approximately 50% of HIV patients exhibit neurocognitive dysfunction termed HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). HAND is a consequence of chronic low-level neuroinflammation due to HIV entry into the brain. Initially, monocytes become activated in circulation and traffic to the brain. Monocytes, when activated, become susceptible to infection by HIV and can then carry the virus across the blood brain barrier. Once in the brain, activated monocytes secrete chemokines, which recruit virus-specific CD8+ T cells into the brain to further promote neuroinflammation. HAND is closely linked to systemic inflammation driven, in part, by HIV but is also due to persistent translocation of microorganisms across the GI tract. Persistent anti-viral responses in the GI tract compromise microbial barrier integrity. Indeed, HIV patients can exhibit remarkably high levels of activated (CD16+) monocytes in circulation. Recent studies, including our own, show that HIV patients using medical marijuana exhibit lower levels of circulating CD16+ monocytes than non-cannabis using HIV patients. Cannabis is a known immune modulator, including anti-inflammatory properties, mediated, in part, by ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as well as less characterized minor cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), terpenes and presumably other cannabis constituents. The immune modulating activity of THC is largely mediated through cannabinoid receptors (CB) 1 and 2, with CB1 also responsible for the psychotropic properties of cannabis. Here we discuss the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids in the context of HIV and propose CB2 as a putative therapeutic target for the treatment of neuroinflammation. Graphical Abstract HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder is a systemic inflammatory disease leading to activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, monocytes and T cells. Monocyte and CD8 T cell migration across the BBB and interaction with astrocytes promotes neurotoxic inflammatory mediators release. CB2 ligands are proposed as therapeutics capable of suppressing systemic and localized inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Rizzo
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Joseph E Henriquez
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lance K Blevins
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Bach
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert B Crawford
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Norbert E Kaminski
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Ding ZC, Shi H, Aboelella NS, Fesenkova K, Park EJ, Liu Z, Pei L, Li J, McIndoe RA, Xu H, Piazza GA, Blazar BR, Munn DH, Zhou G. Persistent STAT5 activation reprograms the epigenetic landscape in CD4 + T cells to drive polyfunctionality and antitumor immunity. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eaba5962. [PMID: 33127608 PMCID: PMC8265158 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aba5962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells is often associated with favorable antitumor immunity. We report here that persistent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in tumor-specific CD4+ T cells drives the development of polyfunctional T cells. We showed that ectopic expression of a constitutively active form of murine STAT5A (CASTAT5) enabled tumor-specific CD4+ T cells to undergo robust expansion, infiltrate tumors vigorously, and elicit antitumor CD8+ T cell responses in a CD4+ T cell adoptive transfer model system. Integrated epigenomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that CASTAT5 induced genome-wide chromatin remodeling in CD4+ T cells and established a distinct epigenetic and transcriptional landscape. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis further identified a subset of CASTAT5-transduced CD4+ T cells with a molecular signature indicative of progenitor polyfunctional T cells. The therapeutic significance of CASTAT5 came from our finding that adoptive transfer of T cells engineered to coexpress CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and CASTAT5 gave rise to polyfunctional CD4+ CAR T cells in a mouse B cell lymphoma model. The optimal therapeutic outcome was obtained when both CD4+ and CD8+ CAR T cells were transduced with CASTAT5, indicating that CASTAT5 facilitates productive CD4 help to CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence that CASTAT5 is functional in primary human CD4+ T cells, underscoring its potential clinical relevance. Our results implicate STAT5 as a valid candidate for T cell engineering to generate polyfunctional, exhaustion-resistant, and tumor-tropic antitumor CD4+ T cells to potentiate adoptive T cell therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chun Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nada S Aboelella
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kateryna Fesenkova
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Eun-Jeong Park
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhuoqi Liu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lirong Pei
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Richard A McIndoe
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Division of Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gary A Piazza
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gang Zhou
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Pattinson DJ, Apte SH, Wibowo N, Rivera-Hernandez T, Groves PL, Middelberg APJ, Doolan DL. Chimeric Virus-Like Particles and Capsomeres Induce Similar CD8 + T Cell Responses but Differ in Capacity to Induce CD4 + T Cell Responses and Antibody Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564627. [PMID: 33133076 PMCID: PMC7550421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, the development of an effective malaria vaccine remains elusive. The induction of robust and sustained T cell and antibody response by vaccination is an urgent unmet need. Chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) are a promising vaccine platform. VLPs are composed of multiple subunit capsomeres which can be rapidly produced in a cost-effective manner, but the ability of capsomeres to induce antigen-specific cellular immune responses has not been thoroughly investigated. Accordingly, we have compared chimeric VLPs and their sub-unit capsomeres for capacity to induce CD8+ and CD4+ T cell and antibody responses. We produced chimeric murine polyomavirus VLPs and capsomeres each incorporating defined CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell or B cell repeat epitopes derived from Plasmodium yoelii CSP. VLPs and capsomeres were evaluated using both homologous or heterologous DNA prime/boost immunization regimens for T cell and antibody immunogenicity. Chimeric VLP and capsomere vaccine platforms induced robust CD8+ T cell responses at similar levels which was enhanced by a heterologous DNA prime. The capsomere platform was, however, more efficient at inducing CD4+ T cell responses and less efficient at inducing antigen-specific antibody responses. Our data suggest that capsomeres, which have significant manufacturing advantages over VLPs, should be considered for diseases where a T cell response is the desired outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Pattinson
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon H Apte
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nani Wibowo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penny L Groves
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anton P J Middelberg
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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46
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Prakash S, Roy S, Srivastava R, Coulon PG, Dhanushkodi NR, Vahed H, Jankeel A, Geertsema R, Amezquita C, Nguyen L, Messaoudi I, Burkhardt AM, BenMohamed L. Unique molecular signatures of antiviral memory CD8 + T cells associated with asymptomatic recurrent ocular herpes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13843. [PMID: 32796943 PMCID: PMC7427992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of antiviral CD8+ T cells associated with protective and pathogenic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections remains unclear. We compared the transcriptome, phenotype, and function of memory CD8+ T cells, sharing the same HSV-1 epitope-specificities, from infected HLA-A*0201 positive symptomatic (SYMP) vs. asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals and HLA-A*0201 transgenic rabbits. Compared to higher frequencies of multifunctional effector memory CD8+ TEM cells in ASYMP individuals, the SYMP individuals presented dysfunctional CD8+ TEM cells, expressing major exhaustion pathways. Compared to protected ASYMP HLA transgenic rabbits, the trigeminal ganglia of non-protected SYMP HLA transgenic rabbits had higher frequencies of dysfunctional tissue-resident CD8+ TRM cells. Moreover, blockade of T cell exhaustion pathways restored the function of CD8+ T cells, reduced virus reactivation, and diminished recurrent disease in HLA transgenic rabbits. These findings reveal unique molecular signatures of protective CD8+ T cells and pave the way for T-cell-based immunotherapy to combat recurrent ocular herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Pierre-Gregoire Coulon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nisha R Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Allen Jankeel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Roger Geertsema
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Cassandra Amezquita
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Amanda M Burkhardt
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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47
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Yang L, Liu S, Liu J, Zhang Z, Wan X, Huang B, Chen Y, Zhang Y. COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:128. [PMID: 32712629 PMCID: PMC7381863 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to play a critical role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. SARS-CoV-2 not only activates antiviral immune responses, but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to lymphopenia, lymphocyte dysfunction, and granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities. These SARS-CoV-2-induced immune abnormalities may lead to infections by microorganisms, septic shock, and severe multiple organ dysfunction. Therefore, mechanisms underlying immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 must be elucidated to guide clinical management of the disease. Moreover, rational management of the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which includes enhancing anti-viral immunity while inhibiting systemic inflammation, may be key to successful treatment. In this review, we discuss the immunopathology of COVID-19, its potential mechanisms, and clinical implications to aid the development of new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Institute of Health Management, Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Human Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China
| | - Youhai Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
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48
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Fujiki F, Tsuboi A, Morimoto S, Hashimoto N, Inatome M, Nakajima H, Nakata J, Nishida S, Hasegawa K, Hosen N, Oka Y, Oji Y, Sogo S, Sugiyama H. Identification of two distinct populations of WT1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in co-vaccination of WT1 killer and helper peptides. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:253-263. [PMID: 32696072 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous induction of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and helper T lymphocytes (HTLs) is required for an optimal anti-tumor immune response. WT1332, a 16-mer WT1-derived helper peptide, induce HTLs in an HLA class II-restricted manner and enhance the induction of WT1-specific CTLs in vitro. However, in vivo immune reaction to WT1332 vaccination in tumor-bearing patients remained unclear. Here, a striking difference in WT1-specific T cell responses was shown between WT1 CTL + WT1 helper peptide and WT1 CTL peptide vaccines in patients with recurrent glioma. WT1-specific CTLs were more strongly induced in the patients who were immunized with WT1 CTL + WT1 helper peptide vaccine, compared to those who were immunized with WT1 CTL vaccine alone. Importantly, a clear correlation was demonstrated between WT1-specific CTL and WT1332-specific HTL responses. Interestingly, two novel distinct populations of WT1-tetramerlow WT1-TCRlow CD5low and WT1-tetramerhigh WT1-TCRhigh CD5high CTLs were dominantly detected in WT1 CTL + WT1 helper peptide vaccine. Although natural WT1 peptide-reactive CTLs in the latter population were evidently less than those in the former population, the latter population showed natural WT1 peptide-specific proliferation capacity comparable to the former population, suggesting that the latter population highly expressing CD5, a marker of resistance to activation-induced cell death, should strongly expand and persist for a long time in patients. These results demonstrated the advantage of WT1 helper peptide vaccine for the enhancement of WT1-specific CTL induction by WT1 CTL peptide vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Inatome
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Sogo
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Research Unit, Department of Medical Innovations, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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49
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Norton TD, Tada T, Leibowitz R, van der Heide V, Homann D, Landau NR. Lentiviral-Vector-Based Dendritic Cell Vaccine Synergizes with Checkpoint Blockade to Clear Chronic Viral Infection. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1795-1805. [PMID: 32497512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell vaccines are a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases but have met with mixed success. We report on a lentiviral vector-based dendritic cell vaccine strategy that generates a cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) T cell response that is much stronger than that achieved by standard peptide-pulsing approaches. The strategy was tested in the mouse lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) model. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from SAMHD1 knockout mice were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing the GP33 major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC)-class-I-restricted peptide epitope and CD40 ligand (CD40L) and injected into wild-type mice. The mice were highly protected against acute and chronic variant CL-13 LCMVs, resulting in a 100-fold greater decrease than that achieved with peptide epitope-pulsed dendritic cells. Inclusion of an MHC-class-II-restricted epitope in the lentiviral vector further increased the CD8 T cell response and resulted in antigen-specific CD8 T cells that exhibited a phenotype associated with functional cytotoxic T cells. The vaccination synergized with checkpoint blockade to reduce the viral load of mice chronically infected with CL-13 to an undetectable level. The strategy improves upon current dendritic cell vaccine strategies; is applicable to the treatment of disease, including AIDS and cancer; and supports the utility of Vpx-containing vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Norton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Takuya Tada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca Leibowitz
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Verena van der Heide
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute & Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dirk Homann
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute & Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nathaniel R Landau
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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50
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Fenwick C, Joo V, Jacquier P, Noto A, Banga R, Perreau M, Pantaleo G. T-cell exhaustion in HIV infection. Immunol Rev 2020; 292:149-163. [PMID: 31883174 PMCID: PMC7003858 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The T‐cell response is central in the adaptive immune‐mediated elimination of pathogen‐infected and/or cancer cells. This activated T‐cell response can inflict an overwhelming degree of damage to the targeted cells, which in most instances leads to the control and elimination of foreign invaders. However, in conditions of chronic infection, persistent exposure of T cells to high levels of antigen results in a severe T‐cell dysfunctional state called exhaustion. T‐cell exhaustion leads to a suboptimal immune‐mediated control of multiple viral infections including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this review, we will discuss the role of T‐cell exhaustion in HIV disease progression, the long‐term defect of T‐cell function even in aviremic patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the role of exhaustion‐specific markers in maintaining a reservoir of latently infected cells, and exploiting these markers in HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Fenwick
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victor Joo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Jacquier
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Noto
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riddhima Banga
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Perreau
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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