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Rust R, Holm MM, Egger M, Weinmann O, van Rossum D, Walter FR, Santa-Maria AR, Grönnert L, Maurer MA, Kraler S, Akhmedov A, Cideciyan R, Lüscher TF, Deli MA, Herrmann IK, Schwab ME. Nogo-A is secreted in extracellular vesicles, occurs in blood and can influence vascular permeability. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:938-954. [PMID: 38000040 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231216270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Nogo-A is a transmembrane protein with multiple functions in the central nervous system (CNS), including restriction of neurite growth and synaptic plasticity. Thus far, Nogo-A has been predominantly considered a cell contact-dependent ligand signaling via cell surface receptors. Here, we show that Nogo-A can be secreted by cultured cells of neuronal and glial origin in association with extracellular vesicles (EVs). Neuron- and oligodendrocyte-derived Nogo-A containing EVs inhibited fibroblast spreading, and this effect was partially reversed by Nogo-A receptor S1PR2 blockage. EVs purified from HEK cells only inhibited fibroblast spreading upon Nogo-A over-expression. Nogo-A-containing EVs were found in vivo in the blood of healthy mice and rats, as well as in human plasma. Blood Nogo-A concentrations were elevated after acute stroke lesions in mice and rats. Nogo-A active peptides decreased barrier integrity in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. Stroked mice showed increased dye permeability in peripheral organs when tested 2 weeks after injury. In the Miles assay, an in vivo test to assess leakage of the skin vasculature, a Nogo-A active peptide increased dye permeability. These findings suggest that blood borne, possibly EV-associated Nogo-A could exert long-range regulatory actions on vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Rust
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mea M Holm
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Egger
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Fruzsina R Walter
- Biological Barriers Research Group, ELKH Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Lisa Grönnert
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Rose Cideciyan
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A Deli
- Biological Barriers Research Group, ELKH Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Particles Biology Interactions Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Chen T, Huang X, Zhao YX, Zhou ZW, Zhou WS. NEAT1 inhibits the angiogenic activity of cerebral arterial endothelial cells by inducing the M1 polarization of microglia through the AMPK signaling pathway. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:62. [PMID: 38684954 PMCID: PMC11059773 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing angiogenesis may be an effective strategy to promote functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Inflammation regulates angiogenesis. Microglia are crucial cells that initiate inflammatory responses after various brain injuries. Long noncoding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) plays a role in regulating brain injury. This study aimed to explore the effects of NEAT1-regulated microglial polarization on the neovascularization capacity of cerebrovascular endothelial cells and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. METHODS Mouse cerebral arterial endothelial cells (mCAECs) were co-cultured with BV-2 cells in different groups using a Transwell system. NEAT1 expression levels were measured by fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Arg-1, IL-4, and IL-10 were determined using ELISA. Expression levels of CD86 and CD163 were detected by immunofluorescence. The neovascularization capacity of mCAECs was assessed using CCK-8, Transwell, Transwell-matrigel, and tube formation assays. Label-free quantification proteomics was carried out to identify differentially expressed proteins. Protein levels were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS NEAT1 overexpression induced M1 polarization in BV-2 cells, whereas NEAT1 knockdown blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 polarization in microglia. NEAT1-overexpressing BV-2 cells suppressed the angiogenic ability of mCAECs, and NEAT1-knocking BV-2 cells promoted the angiogenic ability of mCAECs under lipopolysaccharide treatment. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis identified 144 upregulated and 131 downregulated proteins that were induced by NEAT1 overexpression. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the differentially expressed proteins. Further verification showed that NEAT1 inactivated the AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide reversed the effect of NEAT1 on BV-2 polarization and the regulatory effect of NEAT1-overexpressing BV-2 cells on the angiogenic ability of mCAECs. CONCLUSIONS NEAT1 inhibits the angiogenic activity of mCAECs by inducing M1 polarization of BV-2 cells through the AMPK signaling pathway. This study further clarified the impact and mechanism of NEAT1 on microglia and the angiogenic ability of cerebrovascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China.
| | - Wen-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China.
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Weber RZ, Bernardoni D, Rentsch NH, Buil BA, Halliday S, Augath MA, Razansky D, Tackenberg C, Rust R. Dataset on stroke infarct volume in rodents: A comparison of MRI and histological methods. Data Brief 2024; 53:110188. [PMID: 38406243 PMCID: PMC10885712 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This dataset offers images of mouse brains impacted by photothrombotic stroke in the sensorimotor cortex published by Weber et al. NeuroImage (2024). Data is gathered using two primary techniques: (1) whole-brain ex-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (2) 40 µm thick coronal histological sections that undergo immunofluorescence staining with NeuroTrace. Infarct areas and volumes are assessed through MRI at two distinct time frames-three days (acute) and 28 days (chronic) following photothrombotic stroke induction. Subsequently, the brains are sectioned into 40 µm thick coronal slices, stained with NeuroTrace, and imaged as whole sections. The dataset holds considerable value for reuse, particularly for researchers focused on stroke volume estimation methods as well as those interested in comparing the efficacy of MRI and histological techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Z. Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Bernardoni
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora H. Rentsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Achón Buil
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Halliday
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Mark-Aurel Augath
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8052, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8052, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 900893, United States
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4
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Weber RZ, Bernardoni D, Rentsch NH, Buil BA, Halliday S, Augath MA, Razansky D, Tackenberg C, Rust R. A toolkit for stroke infarct volume estimation in rodents. Neuroimage 2024; 287:120518. [PMID: 38219841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke volume is a key determinant of infarct severity and an important metric for evaluating treatments. However, accurate estimation of stroke volume can be challenging, due to the often confined 2-dimensional nature of available data. Here, we introduce a comprehensive semi-automated toolkit to reliably estimate stroke volumes based on (1) whole brains ex-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (2) brain sections that underwent immunofluorescence staining. We located and quantified infarct areas from MRI three days (acute) and 28 days (chronic) after photothrombotic stroke induction in whole mouse brains. MRI results were compared with measures obtained from immunofluorescent histologic sections of the same brains. We found that infarct volume determined by post-mortem MRI was highly correlated with a deviation of only 6.6 % (acute) and 4.9 % (chronic) to the measurements as determined in the histological brain sections indicating that both methods are capable of accurately assessing brain tissue damage (Pearson r > 0.9, p < 0.001). The Dice similarity coefficient (DC) showed a high degree of coherence (DC > 0.8) between MRI-delineated regions of interest (ROIs) and ROIs obtained from histologic sections at four to six pre-defined landmarks, with histology-based delineation demonstrating higher inter-operator similarity compared to MR images. We further investigated stroke-related scarring and post-ischemic angiogenesis in cortical peri‑infarct regions and described a negative correlation between GFAP+fluorescence intensity and MRI-obtained lesion size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Z Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Bernardoni
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora H Rentsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Achón Buil
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Halliday
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Mark-Aurel Augath
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich 8052, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich 8052, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 900893, United States.
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5
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Joly S, Augusto G, Mdzomba B, Meli I, Vogel M, Chan A, Pernet V. Nogo-A neutralization in the central nervous system with a blood-brain barrier-penetrating antibody. J Control Release 2024; 366:52-64. [PMID: 38154541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The poor penetration of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) impedes the development of regenerative therapies for neurological diseases. For example, Nogo-A is a myelin-associated protein highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) whose inhibitory effects on neuronal plasticity can be neutralized with direct administration of 11C7 mAb in CNS tissues/fluids, but not with peripheral administrations such as intravenous injections. Therefore, in the present study, we engineered a CNS-penetrating antibody against Nogo-A by combining 11C7 mAb and the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of 8D3, a rat antibody binding transferrin receptor 1 (TfR) and mediating BBB transcytosis (11C7-scFv8D3). The binding of 11C7-scFv8D3 to Nogo-A and to TfR/CD71 was validated by capture ELISA and Biolayer Interferometry. After intravenous injection in mice, capture ELISA measurements revealed fast plasma clearance of 11C7-scFv8D3 concomitantly with brain and spinal cord accumulation at levels up to 19 fold as high as those of original 11C7 mAb. 11C7-scFv8D3 detection in the parenchyma indicated effective blood-to-CNS transfer. A single dose of 11C7-scFv8D3 induced stronger activation of the growth-promoting AkT/mTOR/S6 signaling pathway than 11C7 mAb or control antibody. Taken together, our results show that BBB-crossing 11C7-scFv8D3 engages Nogo-A in the mouse CNS and stimulates neuronal growth mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Joly
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Augusto
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Baya Mdzomba
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Meli
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Pernet
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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6
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Duan H, Li S, Hao P, Hao F, Zhao W, Gao Y, Qiao H, Gu Y, Lv Y, Bao X, Chiu K, So KF, Yang Z, Li X. Activation of endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis by basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan gel in an adult rat model of ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:409-415. [PMID: 37488905 PMCID: PMC10503635 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival, as well as angiogenesis, in the context of brain injury. However, whether bioactive materials can repair the damage caused by ischemic stroke by activating endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis is still unknown. In this study, we applied chitosan gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor to the stroke cavity 7 days after ischemic stroke in rats. The gel slowly released basic fibroblast growth factor, which improved the local microenvironment, activated endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells, and recruited these cells to migrate toward the penumbra and stroke cavity and subsequently differentiate into neurons, while enhancing angiogenesis in the penumbra and stroke cavity and ultimately leading to partial functional recovery. This study revealed the mechanism by which bioactive materials repair ischemic strokes, thus providing a new strategy for the clinical application of bioactive materials in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yudan Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yiming Gu
- Department of Physical Education, Capital University of Economics and Businessm, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Psychology, State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhu Y, Hui Q, Zhang Z, Fu H, Qin Y, Zhao Q, Li Q, Zhang J, Guo L, He W, Han C. Advancements in the study of synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial autophagy relationship. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25309. [PMID: 38400573 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Synapses serve as the points of communication between neurons, consisting primarily of three components: the presynaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. They transmit signals through the release and reception of neurotransmitters. Synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to undergo structural and functional changes, is influenced by proteins such as growth-associated proteins, synaptic vesicle proteins, postsynaptic density proteins, and neurotrophic growth factors. Furthermore, maintaining synaptic plasticity consumes more than half of the brain's energy, with a significant portion of this energy originating from ATP generated through mitochondrial energy metabolism. Consequently, the quantity, distribution, transport, and function of mitochondria impact the stability of brain energy metabolism, thereby participating in the regulation of fundamental processes in synaptic plasticity, including neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and neurotransmitter release. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the proteins associated with presynaptic plasticity, postsynaptic plasticity, and common factors between the two, as well as the relationship between mitochondrial energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousong Zhu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qinlong Hui
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yali Qin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenbin He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
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8
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Hood RJ, Sanchez-Bezanilla S, Beard DJ, Rust R, Turner RJ, Stuckey SM, Collins-Praino LE, Walker FR, Nilsson M, Ong LK. Leakage beyond the primary lesion: A temporal analysis of cerebrovascular dysregulation at sites of hippocampal secondary neurodegeneration following cortical photothrombotic stroke. J Neurochem 2023; 167:733-752. [PMID: 38010732 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that a cortical stroke causes persistent impairment of hippocampal-dependent cognitive tasks concomitant with secondary neurodegenerative processes such as amyloid-β accumulation in the hippocampus, a region remote from the primary infarct. Interestingly, there is emerging evidence suggesting that deposition of amyloid-β around cerebral vessels may lead to cerebrovascular structural changes, neurovascular dysfunction, and disruption of blood-brain barrier integrity. However, there is limited knowledge about the temporal changes of hippocampal cerebrovasculature after cortical stroke. In the current study, we aimed to characterise the spatiotemporal cerebrovascular changes after cortical stroke. This was done using the photothrombotic stroke model targeting the motor and somatosensory cortices of mice. Cerebrovascular morphology as well as the co-localisation of amyloid-β with vasculature and blood-brain barrier integrity were assessed in the cortex and hippocampal regions at 7, 28 and 84 days post-stroke. Our findings showed transient cerebrovascular remodelling in the peri-infarct area up to 28 days post-stroke. Importantly, the cerebrovascular changes were extended beyond the peri-infarct region to the ipsilateral hippocampus and were sustained out to 84 days post-stroke. When investigating vessel diameter, we showed a decrease at 84 days in the peri-infarct and CA1 regions that were exacerbated in vessels with amyloid-β deposition. Lastly, we showed sustained vascular leakage in the peri-infarct and ipsilateral hippocampus, indicative of a compromised blood-brain-barrier. Our findings indicate that hippocampal vasculature may represent an important therapeutic target to mitigate the progression of post-stroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Hood
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Beard
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Renée J Turner
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shannon M Stuckey
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Health and Medical Sciences & Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Hao Z, Yin C, Wang X, Huo Z, Zhang G, Jiang D, An M. Tetramethylpyrazine promotes angiogenesis and nerve regeneration and nerve defect repair in rats with spinal cord injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21549. [PMID: 38027809 PMCID: PMC10656251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the regulatory effect of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model and clarified the neuroprotective mechanism of TMP on SCI. Methods An SCI rat model was generated and treated with TMP injections for two weeks. miR-497-5p and EGFL7 expression changes were evaluated, motor function recovery after SCI was assessed by BBB score test and footprint analysis, lesions of rat spinal cord were assessed by HE staining and TUNEL staining; angiogenesis was assessed by immunoblotting for CD31; inflammatory factor levels were detected by ELISA. EGFL7 was verified as a target of miR-497-5p by bioinformatics website analysis and luciferase reporter gene assay. H2O2-injured neurons were cultured in vitro to explore the effect of TMP. Results After SCI, miR-497-5p was upregulated while EGFL7 was downregulated in rats. TMP inhibited apoptosis and promoted angiogenesis, nerve regeneration, and repair of nerve defects by reducing miR-497-5p and increasing EGFL7 expression. miR-497-5p targeted EGFL7. In addition, TMP hindered neuronal inflammation and apoptosis induced by H2O2in vitro. Conclusion TMP promotes angiogenesis by downregulating miR-497-5p to target EGFL7, and promotes nerve regeneration and repair of nerve defects in rats with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZengTao Hao
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - XiaoLong Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - ZhiQi Huo
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - GuoRong Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - Min An
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
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10
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Nguyen JN, Mohan EC, Pandya G, Ali U, Tan C, Kofler JK, Shapiro L, Marrelli SP, Chauhan A. CD13 facilitates immune cell migration and aggravates acute injury but promotes chronic post-stroke recovery. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:232. [PMID: 37817190 PMCID: PMC10566099 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute stroke leads to the activation of myeloid cells. These cells express adhesion molecules and transmigrate to the brain, thereby aggravating injury. Chronically after stroke, repair processes, including angiogenesis, are activated and enhance post-stroke recovery. Activated myeloid cells express CD13, which facilitates their migration into the site of injury. However, angiogenic blood vessels which play a role in recovery also express CD13. Overall, the specific contribution of CD13 to acute and chronic stroke outcomes is unknown. METHODS CD13 expression was estimated in both mice and humans after the ischemic stroke. Young (8-12 weeks) male wild-type and global CD13 knockout (KO) mice were used for this study. Mice underwent 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. For acute studies, the mice were euthanized at either 24- or 72 h post-stroke. For chronic studies, the Y-maze, Barnes maze, and the open field were performed on day 7 and day 28 post-stroke. Mice were euthanized at day 30 post-stroke and the brains were collected for assessment of inflammation, white matter injury, tissue loss, and angiogenesis. Flow cytometry was performed on days 3 and 7 post-stroke to quantify infiltrated monocytes and neutrophils and CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling. RESULTS Brain CD13 expression and infiltrated CD13+ monocytes and neutrophils increased acutely after the stroke. The brain CD13+lectin+ blood vessels increased on day 15 after the stroke. Similarly, an increase in the percentage area CD13 was observed in human stroke patients at the subacute time after stroke. Deletion of CD13 resulted in reduced infarct volume and improved neurological recovery after acute stroke. However, CD13KO mice had significantly worse memory deficits, amplified gliosis, and white matter damage compared to wild-type animals at chronic time points. CD13-deficient mice had an increased percentage of CXCL12+cells but a reduced percentage of CXCR4+cells and decreased angiogenesis at day 30 post-stroke. CONCLUSIONS CD13 is involved in the trans-migration of monocytes and neutrophils after stroke, and acutely, led to decreased infarct size and improved behavioral outcomes. However, loss of CD13 led to reductions in post-stroke angiogenesis by reducing CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N Nguyen
- University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric C Mohan
- University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gargee Pandya
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Uzma Ali
- Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julia K Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Linda Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sean P Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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Li H, Ghorbani S, Ling CC, Yong VW, Xue M. The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and recovery in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 186:106282. [PMID: 37683956 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and has two major subtypes: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), contributing to the extent of brain injury but also in its repair. Neuroinflammation is intricately linked to the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is profoundly altered after brain injury and in aging. In the early stages after ischemic stroke and ICH, immune cells are involved in the deposition and remodeling of the ECM thereby affecting processes such as blood-brain barrier and cellular integrity. ECM components regulate leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, activate a variety of immune cells, and induce the elevation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after stroke. In turn, excessive MMPs may degrade ECM into components that are pro-inflammatory and injurious. Conversely, in the later stages after stroke, several ECM molecules may contribute to tissue recovery. For example, thrombospondin-1 and biglycan may promote activity of regulatory T cells, inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, and aid regenerative processes. We highlight these roles of the ECM in ischemic stroke and ICH and discuss their potential cellular and molecular mechanisms. Finally, we discuss therapeutics that could be considered to normalize the ECM in stroke. Our goal is to spur research on the ECM in order to improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke and ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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12
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Powers BE, Ton ST, Farrer RG, Chaudhary S, Nockels RP, Kartje GL, Tsai SY. Anti-Nogo-A Antibody Therapy Improves Functional Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2023; 37:682-693. [PMID: 37837331 PMCID: PMC10843026 DOI: 10.1177/15459683231203194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause sensorimotor deficits, and recovery is slow and incomplete. There are no effective pharmacological treatments for recovery from TBI, but research indicates potential for anti-Nogo-A antibody (Ab) therapy. This Ab neutralizes Nogo-A, an endogenous transmembrane protein that inhibits neuronal plasticity and regeneration. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment following TBI results in disinhibited axonal growth from the contralesional cortex, the establishment of new compensatory neuronal connections, and improved function. METHODS We modeled TBI in rats using the controlled cortical impact method, resulting in focal brain damage and motor deficits like those observed in humans with a moderate cortical TBI. Rats were trained on the skilled forelimb reaching task and the horizontal ladder rung walking task. They were then given a TBI, targeting the caudal forelimb motor cortex, and randomly divided into 3 groups: TBI-only, TBI + Anti-Nogo-A Ab, and TBI + Control Ab. Testing resumed 3 days after TBI and continued for 8 weeks, when rats received an injection of the anterograde neuronal tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), into the corresponding area contralateral to the TBI. RESULTS We observed significant improvement in rats that received anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment post-TBI compared to controls. Analysis of BDA-positive axons revealed that anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment resulted in cortico-rubral plasticity to the deafferented red nucleus. Conclusions. Anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment may improve functional recovery via neuronal plasticity to brain areas important for skilled movements, and this treatment shows promise to improve outcomes in humans who have suffered a TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Powers
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Son T Ton
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Russ P Nockels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Gwendolyn L Kartje
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Yen Tsai
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
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13
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Kim HW, Yong H, Shea GKH. Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in degenerative cervical myelopathy. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:68. [PMID: 37743487 PMCID: PMC10519090 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most prevalent cause of spinal cord dysfunction in the aging population. Significant neurological deficits may result from a delayed diagnosis as well as inadequate neurological recovery following surgical decompression. Here, we review the pathophysiology of DCM with an emphasis on how blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is a critical yet neglected pathological feature affecting prognosis. In patients suffering from DCM, compromise of the BSCB is evidenced by elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to serum protein ratios and abnormal contrast-enhancement upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In animal model correlates, there is histological evidence of increased extravasation of tissue dyes and serum contents, and pathological changes to the neurovascular unit. BSCB dysfunction is the likely culprit for ischemia-reperfusion injury following surgical decompression, which can result in devastating neurological sequelae. As there are currently no therapeutic approaches specifically targeting BSCB reconstitution, we conclude the review by discussing potential interventions harnessed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hu Yong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Graham Ka Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Wang K, Su X, Song Q, Chen Z, Chen H, Han Y, Zhu C, Shen H. The circ_006573/miR-376b-3p Axis Advances Spinal Cord Functional Recovery after Injury by Modulating Vascular Regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4983-4999. [PMID: 37209265 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs after spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with pathophysiological outcomes. We bioinformatically predicted a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in SCI. A total of 4690 mRNAs, 17 miRNAs, and 3928 circRNAs were differentially expressed, with co-expressed RNAs predicted to regulate pathways related to wound healing. Among the most highly differentially expressed circRNAs, circ_006573, but not circ_016395, weakened the viability and migration of rat aortic endothelial cells, and its biological effects were rescued with miR-376b-3p mimics. Furthermore, circ_006573 overexpression induced changes in Cebpb, IL-18, and Plscr1 expression that were reversed by miR-376b-3p. In a rat model, circ_006573 shRNA administration improved the pathological manifestations of SCI and ameliorated motor function. Moreover, the expression of CD31, CD34, and VEGF-A in spinal cord tissues was significantly elevated after circ_006573 shRNA treatment, indicating that circ_006573 may be involved in vascular regeneration and functional recovery after SCI. Thus, the circ_006573-miR-376b-3p axis offers a foundation for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms and predicting strategies for treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjin Su
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingxin Song
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Han
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Fan Z, Ardicoglu R, Batavia AA, Rust R, von Ziegler L, Waag R, Zhang J, Desgeorges T, Sturman O, Dang H, Weber R, Roszkowski M, Moor AE, Schwab ME, Germain PL, Bohacek J, De Bock K. The vascular gene Apold1 is dispensable for normal development but controls angiogenesis under pathological conditions. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:385-407. [PMID: 36933174 PMCID: PMC10328887 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis have been intensely studied, but many genes that control endothelial behavior and fate still need to be described. Here, we characterize the role of Apold1 (Apolipoprotein L domain containing 1) in angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Single-cell analyses reveal that - across tissues - the expression of Apold1 is restricted to the vasculature and that Apold1 expression in endothelial cells (ECs) is highly sensitive to environmental factors. Using Apold1-/- mice, we find that Apold1 is dispensable for development and does not affect postnatal retinal angiogenesis nor alters the vascular network in adult brain and muscle. However, when exposed to ischemic conditions following photothrombotic stroke as well as femoral artery ligation, Apold1-/- mice display dramatic impairments in recovery and revascularization. We also find that human tumor endothelial cells express strikingly higher levels of Apold1 and that Apold1 deletion in mice stunts the growth of subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors, which have smaller and poorly perfused vessels. Mechanistically, Apold1 is activated in ECs upon growth factor stimulation as well as in hypoxia, and Apold1 intrinsically controls EC proliferation but not migration. Our data demonstrate that Apold1 is a key regulator of angiogenesis in pathological settings, whereas it does not affect developmental angiogenesis, thus making it a promising candidate for clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphaela Ardicoglu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aashil A Batavia
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas von Ziegler
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Waag
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thibaut Desgeorges
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Sturman
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hairuo Dang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Weber
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Roszkowski
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Computational Neurogenomics, Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department for Molecular Life Sciences, Laboratory of Statistical Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Bohacek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Rust R. Ischemic stroke-related gene expression profiles across species: a meta-analysis. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:21. [PMID: 37337154 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke patients are often left with permanent disabilities with no regenerative treatment options. Unbiased RNA sequencing studies decoding the transcriptional signature of stroked tissue hold promise to identify new potential targets and pathways directed to improve treatment for stroke patients. Here, gene expression profiles of stroked tissue across different time points, species, and stroke models were compared using NCBI GEO database. In total, 34 datasets from mice, rats, humans, and primates were included, exploring gene expression differences in healthy and stroked brain tissue. Distinct changes in gene expression and pathway enrichment revealed the heterogenicity of the stroke pathology in stroke-related pathways e.g., inflammatory responses, vascular repair, remodelling and cell proliferation and adhesion but also in diverse general, stroke-unrelated pathways that have to be carefully considered when evaluating new promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Gong P, Jia HY, Li R, Ma Z, Si M, Qian C, Zhu FQ, Sheng-Yong L. Downregulation of Nogo-B ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice through regulating microglia polarization via TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Neurochem Int 2023; 167:105553. [PMID: 37230196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown a close association between Nogo-B and inflammation-related diseases. However, uncertainty does exist, regarding Nogo-B function in the pathological progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was utilized in C57BL/6L mice to mimic ischemic stroke in vivo. Using oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (ODG/R) model in microglia cells (BV-2) to establish cerebral I/R injury in vitro. Various methods, including Nogo-B siRNA transfection, mNSS and the rotarod test, TTC, HE and Nissl staining, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, ELISA, TUNEL and qRT-PCR were employed to probe into the effect of Nogo-B downregulation on cerebral I/R injury and the potential mechanisms. A small amount of Nogo-B expression (protein and mRNA) was observed in cortex and hippocampus before ischemia, then Nogo-B expression increased significantly on day 1, reaching the maximum on day 3, remaining stable on day 14 after I/R, and decreasing gradually after 21 days, but it still rose significantly compared with that observed preischemia. Nogo-B down-regulation could markedly reduce the neurological score and infarct volume, improve the histopathological changes and neuronal apoptosis, lower the number of CD86+/Iba1+ cells and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and raise the density of NeuN fluorescence, the number of CD206+/Iba1+ cells, and the level of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β in brain of MCAO/R mice. Treatment with Nogo-B siRNA or TAK-242 in BV-2 cells could obviously decrease the CD86 fluorescence density and the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, increase CD206 fluorescence density and the mRNA expression of IL-10 after OGD/R injury. In addition, the expression of TLR4, p-IκBα and p-p65 proteins significantly increased in the brain after MCAO/R and BV-2 cells exposed to OGD/R. Treatment with Nogo-B siRNA or TAK-242 prominently reduced the expression of TLR4, p-IκBα and p-p65. Our findings suggest that the down-regulation of Nogo-B exerts protective effect on cerebral I/R injury by modulating the microglia polarization through inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Nogo-B may be a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Hui-Yu Jia
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China.
| | - Zheng Ma
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China.
| | - Min Si
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China.
| | - Can Qian
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China.
| | - Feng-Qin Zhu
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Luo Sheng-Yong
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China.
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18
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FTO-dependent m 6A modification of Plpp3 in circSCMH1-regulated vascular repair and functional recovery following stroke. Nat Commun 2023; 14:489. [PMID: 36717587 PMCID: PMC9886939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular repair is considered a key restorative measure to improve long-term outcomes after ischemic stroke. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, functionally mediates vascular repair. However, whether circular RNA SCMH1 (circSCMH1) promotes vascular repair by m6A methylation after stroke remains to be elucidated. Here, we identify the role of circSCMH1 in promoting vascular repair in peri-infarct cortex of male mice and male monkeys after photothrombotic (PT) stroke, and attenuating the ischemia-induced m6A methylation in peri-infarct cortex of male mice after PT stroke. Mechanically, circSCMH1 increased the translocation of ubiquitination-modified fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) into nucleus of endothelial cells (ECs), leading to m6A demethylation of phospholipid phosphatase 3 (Plpp3) mRNA and subsequently the increase of Plpp3 expression in ECs. Our data demonstrate that circSCMH1 enhances vascular repair via FTO-regulated m6A methylation after stroke, providing insights into the mechanism of circSCMH1 in promoting stroke recovery.
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Mu JD, Ma LX, Zhang Z, Qian X, Zhang QY, Ma LH, Sun TY. The factors affecting neurogenesis after stroke and the role of acupuncture. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1082625. [PMID: 36741282 PMCID: PMC9895425 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1082625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke induces a state of neuroplasticity in the central nervous system, which can lead to neurogenesis phenomena such as axonal growth and synapse formation, thus affecting stroke outcomes. The brain has a limited ability to repair ischemic damage and requires a favorable microenvironment. Acupuncture is considered a feasible and effective neural regulation strategy to improve functional recovery following stroke via the benign modulation of neuroplasticity. Therefore, we summarized the current research progress on the key factors and signaling pathways affecting neurogenesis, and we also briefly reviewed the research progress of acupuncture to improve functional recovery after stroke by promoting neurogenesis. This study aims to provide new therapeutic perspectives and strategies for the recovery of motor function after stroke based on neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Dan Mu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Xiao Ma
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,The Key Unit of State Administration of Traditional Chines Medicine, Evaluation of Characteristic Acupuncture Therapy, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Liang-Xiao Ma ✉
| | - Zhou Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Qian
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin-Yong Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Hui Ma
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Yi Sun
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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20
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Hey G, Bhutani S, Woolridge M, Patel A, Walls A, Lucke-Wold B. Immunologic Implications for Stroke Recovery: Unveiling the Role of the Immune System in Pathogenesis, Neurorepair, and Rehabilitation. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 5:65-81. [PMID: 37854481 PMCID: PMC10583807 DOI: 10.33696/immunology.5.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a debilitating neurologic condition characterized by an interruption or complete blockage of blood flow to certain areas of the brain. While the primary injury occurs at the time of the initial ischemic event or hemorrhage, secondary injury mechanisms contribute to neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), excitotoxicity, and cerebral edema in the days and hours after stroke. Of these secondary mechanisms of injury, significant dysregulation of various immune populations within the body plays a crucial role in exacerbating brain damage after stroke. Pathological activity of glial cells, infiltrating leukocytes, and the adaptive immune system promote neuroinflammation, BBB damage, and neuronal death. Chronic immune activation can additionally encourage the development of neurologic deficits, immunosuppression, and dysregulation of the gut microbiome. As such, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the clinical management of stroke in a highly patient-specific manner. These strategies include regulatory T cells (Tregs), cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies. However, the use of immunotherapy for stroke remains largely in the early stages, highlighting the need for continued research efforts before widespread clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hey
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Siya Bhutani
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maxwell Woolridge
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Aashay Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anna Walls
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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21
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Gao J, Yao M, Chang D, Liu J. mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin): Hitting the Bull's Eye for Enhancing Neurogenesis After Cerebral Ischemia? Stroke 2023; 54:279-285. [PMID: 36321454 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and disability around the world. The sequelae of serious neurological damage are irreversible due to body's own limited repair capacity. However, endogenous neurogenesis induced by cerebral ischemia plays a critical role in the repair and regeneration of impaired neural cells after ischemic brain injury. mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) kinase has been suggested to regulate neural stem cells ability to self-renew and differentiate into proliferative daughter cells, thus leading to improved cell growth, proliferation, and survival. In this review, we summarized the current evidence to support that mTOR signaling pathways may enhance neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and synaptic plasticity following cerebral ischemia, which could highlight the potential of mTOR to be a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China (J.G., M.Y., J.L.)
| | - Mingjiang Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China (J.G., M.Y., J.L.)
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia (D.C.)
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China (J.G., M.Y., J.L.)
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22
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Weber RZ, Mulders G, Perron P, Tackenberg C, Rust R. Molecular and anatomical roadmap of stroke pathology in immunodeficient mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1080482. [PMID: 36569903 PMCID: PMC9785704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. It has become apparent that inflammation and immune mediators have a pre-dominant role in initial tissue damage and long-term recovery. Still, different immunosuppressed mouse models are necessary in stroke research e.g., to evaluate therapies using human cell grafts. Despite mounting evidence delineating the importance of inflammation in the stroke pathology, it is poorly described to what extent immune deficiency influences overall stroke outcome. Methods Here, we assessed the stroke pathology of popular genetic immunodeficient mouse models, i.e., NOD scid gamma (NSG) and recombination activating gene 2 (Rag2-/-) mice as well as pharmacologically immunosuppressed mice and compared them to immune competent, wildtype (WT) C57BL/6J mice three weeks after injury. We performed histology, gene expression, blood serum and behavioural analysis to identify the impact of immunosuppression on stroke progression. Results We detected changes in microglia activation/macrophage infiltration, scar-forming and vascular repair in immune-suppressed mice three weeks after injury. Transcriptomic analysis of stroked tissue revealed the strongest deviation from WT was observed in NSG mice affecting immunological and angiogenic pathways. Pharmacological immunosuppression resulted in the least variation in gene expression compared with the WT. These anatomical and genetic changes did not affect functional recovery in a time course of three weeks. To determine whether timing of immunosuppression is critical, we compared mice with acute and delayed pharmacological immunosuppression after stroke. Mice with delayed immunosuppression (7d) showed increased inflammatory and scarring responses compared to animals acutely treated with tacrolimus, thus more closely resembling WT pathology. Transplantation of human cells in the brains of immunosuppressed mice led to prolonged cell survival in all immunosuppressed mouse models, which was most consistent in NSG and Rag2-/- mice. Conclusions We detected distinct anatomical and molecular changes in the stroke pathology between individual immunosuppressed mouse models that should be considered when selecting an appropriate mouse model for stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Z. Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Geertje Mulders
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Perron
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Ruslan Rust,
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23
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Chen Z, Wang X, Wu H, Fan Y, Yan Z, Lu C, Ouyang H, Zhang S, Zhang M. X-box binding protein 1 as a key modulator in “healing endothelial cells”, a novel EC phenotype promoting angiogenesis after MCAO. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:97. [PMID: 36348288 PMCID: PMC9644469 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells (ECs) play an important role in angiogenesis and vascular reconstruction in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Previous investigations have provided a profound cerebral vascular atlas under physiological conditions, but have failed to identify new disease-related cell subtypes. We aimed to identify new EC subtypes and determine the key modulator genes. Methods Two datasets GSE174574 and GSE137482 were included in the study. Seurat was utilized as the standard quality-control pipeline. UCell was used to calculate single-cell scores to validate cellular identity. Monocle3 and CytoTRACE were utilized in aid of pseudo-time differentiation analysis. CellChat was utilized to infer the intercellular communication pathways. The angiogenesis ability of ECs was validated by MTS, Transwell, tube formation, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence assays in vitro and in vivo. A synchrotron radiation-based propagation contrast imaging was introduced to comprehensively portray cerebral vasculature. Results We successfully identified a novel subtype of EC named “healing EC” that highly expressed pan-EC marker and pro-angiogenic genes but lowly expressed all the arteriovenous markers identified in the vascular single-cell atlas. Further analyses showed its high stemness to differentiate into other EC subtypes and potential to modulate inflammation and angiogenesis via excretion of signal molecules. We therefore identified X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) as a key modulator in the healing EC phenotype. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed its pro-angiogenic roles under both physiological and pathological conditions. Synchrotron radiation-based propagation contrast imaging further proved that Xbp1 could promote angiogenesis and recover normal vasculature conformation, especially in the corpus striatum and prefrontal cortex under middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) condition. Conclusions Our study identified a novel disease-related EC subtype that showed high stemness to differentiate into other EC subtypes. The predicted molecule Xbp1 was thus confirmed as a key modulator that can promote angiogenesis and recover normal vasculature conformation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00399-5.
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24
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Modulation of the Microglial Nogo-A/NgR Signaling Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233768. [PMID: 36497029 PMCID: PMC9737582 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutics targeting chronic phases of multiple sclerosis (MS) are considerably limited in reversing the neural damage resulting from repeated inflammation and demyelination insults in the multi-focal lesions. This inflammation is propagated by the activation of microglia, the endogenous immune cell aiding in the central nervous system homeostasis. Activated microglia may transition into polarized phenotypes; namely, the classically activated proinflammatory phenotype (previously categorized as M1) and the alternatively activated anti-inflammatory phenotype (previously, M2). These transitional microglial phenotypes are dynamic states, existing as a continuum. Shifting microglial polarization to an anti-inflammatory status may be a potential therapeutic strategy that can be harnessed to limit neuroinflammation and further neurodegeneration in MS. Our research has observed that the obstruction of signaling by inhibitory myelin proteins such as myelin-associated inhibitory factor, Nogo-A, with its receptor (NgR), can regulate microglial cell function and activity in pre-clinical animal studies. Our review explores the microglial role and polarization in MS pathology. Additionally, the potential therapeutics of targeting Nogo-A/NgR cellular mechanisms on microglia migration, polarization and phagocytosis for neurorepair in MS and other demyelination diseases will be discussed.
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25
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Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Demyelinating Diseases: Prospects in Treatment and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Neurological Disorders. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111943. [PMID: 36431078 PMCID: PMC9693249 DOI: 10.3390/life12111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent membrane-enclosed structures that are likely to be secreted by all living cell types in the animal organism, including cells of peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides the possibility not only for various EV-loaded molecules to be delivered to the brain tissues but also for the CNS-to-periphery transmission of these molecules. Since neural EVs transfer proteins and RNAs are both responsible for functional intercellular communication and involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, they represent attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss EVs' role in maintaining the living organisms' function and describe deviations in EVs' structure and malfunctioning during various neurodegenerative diseases.
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26
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Chiappalone M, Cota VR, Carè M, Di Florio M, Beaubois R, Buccelli S, Barban F, Brofiga M, Averna A, Bonacini F, Guggenmos DJ, Bornat Y, Massobrio P, Bonifazi P, Levi T. Neuromorphic-Based Neuroprostheses for Brain Rewiring: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives in Neuroengineering. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1578. [PMID: 36421904 PMCID: PMC9688667 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprostheses are neuroengineering devices that have an interface with the nervous system and supplement or substitute functionality in people with disabilities. In the collective imagination, neuroprostheses are mostly used to restore sensory or motor capabilities, but in recent years, new devices directly acting at the brain level have been proposed. In order to design the next-generation of neuroprosthetic devices for brain repair, we foresee the increasing exploitation of closed-loop systems enabled with neuromorphic elements due to their intrinsic energy efficiency, their capability to perform real-time data processing, and of mimicking neurobiological computation for an improved synergy between the technological and biological counterparts. In this manuscript, after providing definitions of key concepts, we reviewed the first exploitation of a real-time hardware neuromorphic prosthesis to restore the bidirectional communication between two neuronal populations in vitro. Starting from that 'case-study', we provide perspectives on the technological improvements for real-time interfacing and processing of neural signals and their potential usage for novel in vitro and in vivo experimental designs. The development of innovative neuroprosthetics for translational purposes is also presented and discussed. In our understanding, the pursuit of neuromorphic-based closed-loop neuroprostheses may spur the development of novel powerful technologies, such as 'brain-prostheses', capable of rewiring and/or substituting the injured nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Chiappalone
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Vinicius R. Cota
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marta Carè
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia Di Florio
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Romain Beaubois
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Stefano Buccelli
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Barban
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Brofiga
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Averna
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bonacini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - David J. Guggenmos
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Yannick Bornat
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Paolo Massobrio
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonifazi
- IKERBASQUE, The Basque Fundation, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Timothée Levi
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
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27
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Jiang Y, Lin Y, Tan Y, Shen X, Liao M, Wang H, Lu N, Han F, Xu N, Tang C, Song J, Tao R. Electroacupuncture ameliorates cerebrovascular impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice via melatonin signaling. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:917-931. [PMID: 36382345 PMCID: PMC9928543 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cerebrovascular impairment contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it still lacks effective intervention in clinical practice. Here, we investigated the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in cerebrovascular repair in 3xTg-AD mice and its mechanism. METHODS 3xTg-AD mice were employed to evaluate the protective effect of EA at ST36 acupoint (EAST36). Behavioral tests were performed to assess neurological disorders. Laser speckle contrast imaging, immunostaining, and Western blot were applied to determine EAST36-boosted cerebrovascular repair. The mechanism was explored in 3xTg mice and endothelial cell cultures by melatonin signaling modulation. RESULTS EAST36 at 20/100 Hz effectively alleviated the olfactory impairment and anxiety behavior and boosted cerebrovascular repair in AD mice. EAST36 attenuated cerebral microvascular degeneration in AD mice by modulating endothelial cell viability and injury. Consequently, the Aβ deposits and neural damage in AD mice were reversed after EAST36. Mechanistically, we revealed that EAST36 restored melatonin levels in AD mice. Melatonin supplement mimicked the EAST36 effect on cerebrovascular protection in AD mice and endothelial cell cultures. Importantly, blockage of melatonin signaling by antagonist blunted EAST36-induced cerebrovascular recovery and subsequent neurological improvement. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided strong evidence to support EAST36 as a potential nonpharmacological therapy against cerebrovascular impairment in AD. Further study is necessary to better understand how EAST36 treatment drives melatonin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Jiang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunshi Lin
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuhang Tan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinkai Shen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Meihua Liao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Life Science and TechnologyDalian UniversityDalianChina
| | - Nannan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Nenggui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Juxian Song
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Rongrong Tao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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28
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Xiao P, Gu J, Xu W, Niu X, Zhang J, Li J, Chen Y, Pei Z, Zeng J, Xing S. RTN4/Nogo-A-S1PR2 negatively regulates angiogenesis and secondary neural repair through enhancing vascular autophagy in the thalamus after cerebral cortical infarction. Autophagy 2022; 18:2711-2730. [PMID: 35263212 PMCID: PMC9629085 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2047344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral infarction induces angiogenesis in the thalamus and influences functional recovery. The mechanisms underlying angiogenesis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of RTN4/Nogo-A in mediating macroautophagy/autophagy and angiogenesis in the thalamus following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We assessed secondary neuronal damage, angiogenesis, vascular autophagy, RTN4 and S1PR2 signaling in the thalamus. The effects of RTN4-S1PR2 on vascular autophagy and angiogenesis were evaluated using lentiviral and pharmacological approaches. The results showed that RTN4 and S1PR2 signaling molecules were upregulated in parallel with angiogenesis in the ipsilateral thalamus after MCAO. Knockdown of Rtn4 by siRNA markedly reduced MAP1LC3B-II conversion and levels of BECN1 and SQSTM1 in vessels, coinciding with enhanced angiogenesis in the ipsilateral thalamus. This effect coincided with rescued neuronal loss of the thalamus and improved cognitive function. Conversely, activating S1PR2 augmented vascular autophagy, along with suppressed angiogenesis and aggravated neuronal damage of the thalamus. Further inhibition of autophagic initiation with 3-methyladenine or spautin-1 enhanced angiogenesis while blockade of lysosomal degradation by bafilomycin A1 suppressed angiogenesis in the ipsilateral thalamus. The control of autophagic flux by RTN4-S1PR2 was verified in vitro. Additionally, ROCK1-BECN1 interaction along with phosphorylation of BECN1 (Thr119) was identified in the thalamic vessels after MCAO. Knockdown of Rtn4 markedly reduced BECN1 phosphorylation whereas activating S1PR2 increased its phosphorylation in vessels. These results suggest that blockade of RTN4-S1PR2 interaction promotes angiogenesis and secondary neural repair in the thalamus by suppressing autophagic activation and alleviating dysfunction of lysosomal degradation in vessels after cerebral infarction.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTA2/ɑ-SMA: actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; AIF1/Iba1: allograft inflammatory factor 1; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BMVECs: brain microvascular endothelial cells; BrdU: 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine; CLDN11/OSP: claudin 11; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; HUVECs: human umbilical vein endothelial cells; LAMA1: laminin, alpha 1; MAP2: microtubule-associated protein 2; MBP2: myelin basic protein 2; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; PDGFRB/PDGFRβ: platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide; RECA-1: rat endothelial cell antigen-1; RHOA: ras homolog family member A; RHRSP: stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats; ROCK1: Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1; RTN4/Nogo-A: reticulon 4; RTN4R/NgR1: reticulon 4 receptor; S1PR2: sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinmin Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyang Niu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shihui Xing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Hammel G, Zivkovic S, Ayazi M, Ren Y. Consequences and mechanisms of myelin debris uptake and processing by cells in the central nervous system. Cell Immunol 2022; 380:104591. [PMID: 36030093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders and trauma involving changes to the neuronal myelin sheath have long been a topic of great interest. One common pathological change in these diseases is the generation of myelin debris resulting from the breakdown of the myelin sheath. Myelin debris contains many inflammatory and neurotoxic factors that inhibit remyelination and make its clearance a prerequisite for healing in CNS disorders. Many professional and semiprofessional phagocytes participate in the clearance of myelin debris in the CNS. These cells use various mechanisms for the uptake of myelin debris, and each cell type produces its own unique set of pathologic consequences resulting from the debris uptake. Examining these cells' phagocytosis of myelin debris will contribute to a more complete understanding of CNS disease pathogenesis and help us conceptualize how the necessary clearance of myelin debris must be balanced with the detrimental consequences brought about by its clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hammel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Sandra Zivkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Maryam Ayazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
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Rust R, Weber RZ, Generali M, Kehl D, Bodenmann C, Uhr D, Wanner D, Zürcher KJ, Saito H, Hoerstrup SP, Nitsch RM, Tackenberg C. Xeno-free induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells for in vivo applications. J Transl Med 2022; 20:421. [PMID: 36114512 PMCID: PMC9482172 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no regenerative therapy for patients with neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Cell-therapies have emerged as a potential treatment for numerous brain diseases. Despite recent advances in stem cell technology, major concerns have been raised regarding the feasibility and safety of cell therapies for clinical applications. METHODS We generated good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from transgene- and xeno-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that can be smoothly adapted for clinical applications. NPCs were characterized in vitro for their differentiation potential and in vivo after transplantation into wild type as well as genetically immunosuppressed mice. RESULTS Generated NPCs had a stable gene-expression over at least 15 passages and could be scaled for up to 1018 cells per initially seeded 106 cells. After withdrawal of growth factors in vitro, cells adapted a neural fate and mainly differentiated into active neurons. To ensure a pure NPC population for in vivo applications, we reduced the risk of iPSC contamination by applying micro RNA-switch technology as a safety checkpoint. Using lentiviral transduction with a fluorescent and bioluminescent dual-reporter construct, combined with non-invasive in vivo bioluminescent imaging, we longitudinally tracked the grafted cells in healthy wild-type and genetically immunosuppressed mice as well as in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Long term in-depth characterization revealed that transplanted NPCs have the capability to survive and spontaneously differentiate into functional and mature neurons throughout a time course of a month, while no residual pluripotent cells were detectable. CONCLUSION We describe the generation of transgene- and xeno-free NPCs. This simple differentiation protocol combined with the ability of in vivo cell tracking presents a valuable tool to develop safe and effective cell therapies for various brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Rebecca Z Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Generali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Debora Kehl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Bodenmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Uhr
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Debora Wanner
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin J Zürcher
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Hirohide Saito
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Translational Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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31
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Wasik A, Ratajczak-Wielgomas K, Badzinski A, Dziegiel P, Podhorska-Okolow M. The Role of Periostin in Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174225. [PMID: 36077762 PMCID: PMC9454705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancers are common diseases that affect people of all ages worldwide. For this reason, continuous attempts are being made to improve current therapeutic options. The formation of metastases significantly decreases patient survival. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that are involved in this process seems to be crucial for effective cancer therapy. Cancer dissemination occurs mainly through blood and lymphatic vessels. As a result, many scientists have conducted a number of studies on the formation of new vessels. Many studies have shown that proangiogenic factors and the extracellular matrix protein, i.e., periostin, may be important in tumor angio- and lymphangiogenesis, thus contributing to metastasis formation and worsening of the prognosis. Abstract Periostin (POSTN) is a protein that is part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and which significantly affects the control of intracellular signaling pathways (PI3K-AKT, FAK) through binding integrin receptors (αvβ3, αvβ5, α6β4). In addition, increased POSTN expression enhances the expression of VEGF family growth factors and promotes Erk phosphorylation. As a result, this glycoprotein controls the Erk/VEGF pathway. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in the formation of new blood and lymphatic vessels, which may be significant in the process of metastasis. Moreover, POSTN is involved in the proliferation, progression, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. Its increased expression has been detected in many cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma and glioblastoma. Many studies have shown that this protein may be an independent prognostic and predictive factor in many cancers, which may influence the choice of optimal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wasik
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ratajczak-Wielgomas
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Arkadiusz Badzinski
- Silesian Nanomicroscopy Center, Silesia LabMed: Research and Implementation Center, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Human Biology, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okolow
- Department of Human Biology, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Jing Y, Bai F, Wang L, Yang D, Yan Y, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Chen Z. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in a Mouse Spinal Cord Injury Model by Modulating the Microenvironment at the Lesion Site. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0017722. [PMID: 35467388 PMCID: PMC9241636 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00177-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary traumatic event that causes spinal cord injury (SCI) is followed by a progressive secondary injury featured by vascular disruption and ischemia, inflammatory responses and the release of cytotoxic debris, which collectively add to the hostile microenvironment of the lesioned cord and inhibit tissue regeneration and functional recovery. In a previous study, we reported that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) promotes functional recovery in a contusion SCI mouse model; yet whether and how FMT treatment may impact the microenvironment at the injury site are not well known. In the current study, we examined individual niche components and investigated the effects of FMT on microcirculation, inflammation and trophic factor secretion in the spinal cord of SCI mice. FMT treatment significantly improved spinal cord tissue sparing, vascular perfusion and pericyte coverage and blood-spinal cord-barrier (BSCB) integrity, suppressed the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and enhanced the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Suppression of inflammation and upregulation of trophic factors, jointly, may rebalance the niche homeostasis at the injury site and render it favorable for reparative and regenerative processes, eventually leading to functional recovery. Furthermore, microbiota metabolic profiling revealed that amino acids including β-alanine constituted a major part of the differentially detected metabolites between the groups. Supplementation of β-alanine in SCI mice reduced BSCB permeability and increased the number of surviving neurons, suggesting that β-alanine may be one of the mediators of FMT that participates in the modulation and rebalancing of the microenvironment at the injured spinal cord. IMPORTANCE FMT treatment shows a profound impact on the microenvironment that involves microcirculation, blood-spinal cord-barrier, activation of immune cells, and secretion of neurotrophic factors. Analysis of metabolic profiles reveals around 22 differentially detected metabolites between the groups, and β-alanine was further chosen for functional validation experiments. Supplementation of SCI mice with β-alanine significantly improves neuronal survival, and the integrity of blood-spinal cord-barrier at the lesion site, suggesting that β-alanine might be one of the mediators following FMT that has contributed to the recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Limiao Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Degang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Yan
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuying Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Bai X, Yang M, Zhu T, Xu J, Wang W, He Y, Liu Y, Li X, He M, Meng T, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhu L. Analysis of transcriptome characteristics of UTI therapy for cerebral injury after CA/ROSC based on RNA-seq technique. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:715-722. [PMID: 35949311 PMCID: PMC9320207 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.61990.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To study the effects and mechanisms of ulinastatin (UTI) on brain injury caused by cardiac arrest/return of spontaneous circulation (CA/ROSC). Materials and Methods In this study, modeling of CA/ROSC was set up in 56 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, which were randomly divided into the model group, UTI (100000U/kg) treatment group, and control group. Each group then was divided into two subgroups: 24 hr and 72 hr. The survival rates between different groups was observed during two weeks. AimPlex multiplex immunoassays technology was performed to detect the expression of inflammatory cytokines in serum, such as IL-6 and TNF-α. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptome, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto. Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were used to investigate the possible mechanism of UTI. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCl2) and plasminogen (plg) protein expression. Results The survival rate of the UTI group was significantly higher than the model group during two weeks. And UTI can significantly reduce the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes mainly belonged to the IL-17 signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway. Besides, UTI can down-regulate the expression of the CCl2 inflammatory gene and up-regulate the expression of plg in the brain tissue of CA/ROSC rats. Conclusion UTI has neuroprotective effects on brain injury after CA/ROSC. And the key mechanisms belong to the regulation of immune-inflammatory response as well as the signaling molecules and interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Bai
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mingya Yang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China,Corresponding authors: Hong Zhang. Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China. ; Lixin Zhu. Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China.
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China,Corresponding authors: Hong Zhang. Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China. ; Lixin Zhu. Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China.
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Nogo-A Is a Potential Prognostic Marker for Spinal Cord Injury. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2141854. [PMID: 35571610 PMCID: PMC9095389 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2141854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Spinal cord injury (SCI) has become prevalent worldwide in recent years, and its prognosis is poor and the pathological mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Nogo-A is one of the isoforms of the neurite outgrowth inhibitory protein reticulon 4. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Nogo-A could be used as a marker for predicting the prognosis of SCI. Methods We screened eligible SCI patients and controls based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We also collected baseline clinical information and peripheral venous blood of the enrolled population. Participants' baseline serum Nogo-A levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale was used to evaluate the prognosis of SCI patients after 3 months. Results Baseline clinical information (age; gender; smoking; drinking; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; fasting blood glucose; WBC, white blood cells; CRP, C-reactive protein) of SCI patients and controls were not statistically significant academic differences (p > 0.05). The baseline serum Nogo-A levels of SCI patients and controls were 192.7 ± 13.9 ng/ml and 263.1 ± 22.4 ng/ml, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). We divided SCI patients into 4 groups according to their baseline serum Nogo-A quartile levels and analyzed their relationship with ASIA scores. The trend test results showed that with the increase of Nogo-A level, the ASIA sensation score and ASIA motor score were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that serum Nogo-A levels remained a potential cause affecting the prognosis of SCI after adjusting for confounding factors in multiple models. Conclusions Serum Nogo-A levels were significantly elevated in SCI patients. Moreover, elevated Nogo-A levels often indicate poor prognosis and can be used as a marker to predict the prognosis of SCI.
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Wang WJ, Ma YM, He MT, Zhang DH, Wang R, Jing L, Zhang JZ. Oxymatrine Alleviates Hyperglycemic Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Protecting Microvessel. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1369-1382. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wan Y, Huang L, Liu Y, Ji W, Li C, Ge RL. Preconditioning With Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Attenuates Stroke Damage and Modulates Endocytosis in Residual Neurons. Front Neurol 2022; 12:750908. [PMID: 34975719 PMCID: PMC8715922 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.750908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Moderate hypobaric hypoxia induces cerebral ischemic tolerance. We investigated the optimal method for applying hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning at 5,000 m to ischemic brain tissue and combined it with proteomics to determine the mechanisms underlying this effect. Methods: Male SD rats were randomly grouped as S (sham, n = 20), M (middle cerebral artery occlusion [MCAO], n = 28), H2M (intermittent hypobaric hypoxia preconditioned MCAO group, 2 h/day, 10 days, n = 20), H6M (intermittent hypobaric hypoxia preconditioned MCAO group, 6 h/day, 10 days, n = 28), and HpM (persistent hypobaric hypoxia preconditioned MCAO group, 10 days, n = 28). The permanent MCAO model was established based on the Zea Longa method. Infarction was assessed with the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The total protein expression of the neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase-3), cleaved-caspase-3, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) was determined using western blotting. We assessed the peri-infarct cortex's ultrastructural changes. A label-free proteomic study and western blot verification were performed on the most effective preconditioned group. Results: The H6M group showed a lower infarct volume (p = 0.0005), lower mNSS score (p = 0.0009) than the M group. The H2M showed a lower level of IL-6 (p = 0.0213) than the M group. The caspase-3 level decreased in the H2M (p = 0.0002), H6M (p = 0.0025), and HpM groups (p = 0.0054) compared with that in the M group. Cleaved-caspase-3 expression decreased in the H2M (p = 0.0011), H6M (p < 0.0001), and HpM groups (p < 0.0001) compared with that in the M group. The neurons' ultrastructure and the blood-brain barrier in the peri-infarct tissue improved in the H2M and H6M groups. Immunofluorescence revealed increased NeuN-positive cells in the peri-infarct tissue in the H6M group (p = 0.0003, H6M vs. M). Protein expression of Chmp1a, Arpc5, and Hspa2 factors related to endocytosis were upregulated in the H6M compared with those of the M group (p < 0.05 for all) on western blot verification of label-free proteomics. Conclusions: Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning exerts a neuroprotective effect in a rat stroke model. Persistent hypobaric hypoxia stimulation exhibited no significant neuroprotective effect. Intermittent hypoxic preconditioning for 6 h/day for 10 days upregulates key proteins in clathrin-dependent endocytosis of neurons in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Liu
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Weizhong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Changxing Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Li C, Sun R, Chen J, Hong J, Sun J, Zeng Y, Zhang X, Dou Z, Wen H. Different training patterns at recovery stage improve cognitive function in ischemic stroke rats through regulation of the axonal growth inhibitor pathway. Behav Brain Res 2021; 421:113730. [PMID: 34971645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Running wheel exercise training (RWE) and skilled reaching training (SRT) are physical training approaches with positive effects on cognitive function. However, few studies have compared the different effects of these exercises on long-term memory, and their mechanism remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of SRT and RWE, at the recovery stage, on the cognitive function of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rats and explored their association with NgR1/Rho-A/ROCK/LOTUS/LGI1 signaling. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 55) were divided into four groups after pretraining: SRT, RWE, tMCAO, and Sham. Rats were subjected to modified neurological severity score (mNSS) measurements and forelimb grip strength and the Morris water maze tests. Using immunofluorescence and western blotting, we evaluated axonal growth inhibitor expression in the peri-infarct cortex on days 28 and 56 after tMCAO. Results showed the mNSS reduced, whereas the grip strengths improved in RWE and SRT groups. The escape latency in the Morris water maze test was shorter, whereas the number of times of crossing the platform was higher in both the SRT and RWE groups than in the tMCAO group on day 56; furthermore, the parameters in the SRT group improved compared to those in the RWE group. Physical exercise training could improve cognitive functions by reducing the expression of the NgR1/RhoA/ROCK axon growth inhibitors and increasing the expression of the endogenous antagonists LOTUS/LGI1. Exercise training beginning at the recovery stage could improve the cognitive function in tMCAO rats through a mechanism probably associated with the axonal growth inhibitor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiemei Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiena Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ju Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, No.8 Fuyu east Road, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zulin Dou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
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Chen Z, Haider A, Chen J, Xiao Z, Gobbi L, Honer M, Grether U, Arnold SE, Josephson L, Liang SH. The Repertoire of Small-Molecule PET Probes for Neuroinflammation Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities beyond TSPO. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17656-17689. [PMID: 34905377 PMCID: PMC9094091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an adaptive response of the central nervous system to diverse potentially injurious stimuli, which is closely associated with neurodegeneration and typically characterized by activation of microglia and astrocytes. As a noninvasive and translational molecular imaging tool, positron emission tomography (PET) could provide a better understanding of neuroinflammation and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Ligands to translator protein (TSPO), a putative marker of neuroinflammation, have been the most commonly studied in this context, but they suffer from serious limitations. Herein we present a repertoire of different structural chemotypes and novel PET ligand design for classical and emerging neuroinflammatory targets beyond TSPO. We believe that this Perspective will support multidisciplinary collaborations in academic and industrial institutions working on neuroinflammation and facilitate the progress of neuroinflammation PET probe development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Grether
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Department of Neurology and the Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
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Sadanandan N, Shear A, Brooks B, Saft M, Cabantan DAG, Kingsbury C, Zhang H, Anthony S, Wang ZJ, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Rivera Monroy G, Vega Gonzales-Portillo J, Moscatello A, Lee JY, Borlongan CV. Treating Metastatic Brain Cancers With Stem Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:749716. [PMID: 34899179 PMCID: PMC8651876 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.749716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy may present an effective treatment for metastatic brain cancer and glioblastoma. Here we posit the critical role of a leaky blood-brain barrier (BBB) as a key element for the development of brain metastases, specifically melanoma. By reviewing the immunological and inflammatory responses associated with BBB damage secondary to tumoral activity, we identify the involvement of this pathological process in the growth and formation of metastatic brain cancers. Likewise, we evaluate the hypothesis of regenerating impaired endothelial cells of the BBB and alleviating the damaged neurovascular unit to attenuate brain metastasis, using the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) phenotype of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Specifically, there is a need to evaluate the efficacy for stem cell therapy to repair disruptions in the BBB and reduce inflammation in the brain, thereby causing attenuation of metastatic brain cancers. To establish the viability of stem cell therapy for the prevention and treatment of metastatic brain tumors, it is crucial to demonstrate BBB repair through augmentation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. BBB disruption is strongly linked to metastatic melanoma, worsens neuroinflammation during metastasis, and negatively influences the prognosis of metastatic brain cancer. Using stem cell therapy to interrupt inflammation secondary to this leaky BBB represents a paradigm-shifting approach for brain cancer treatment. In this review article, we critically assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell therapy for brain metastases and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Madeline Saft
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Chase Kingsbury
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Henry Zhang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Alma R Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | | | - Alexa Moscatello
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States.,Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
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40
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Johnson MA, Mehrabian Z, Guo Y, Ghosh J, Brigell MG, Bernstein SL. Anti-NOGO Antibody Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of NAION. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:12. [PMID: 34904998 PMCID: PMC8684297 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.14.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of anti-NOGO receptor monoclonal antibody 11C7mAb in a rat model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION). Methods The rNAION was induced in one eye of 20 Long-Evans rats, which were studied in 10 groups of two rats, each group containing a sham rat receiving intravitreal injections of vehicle and a treatment rat receiving intravitreal injections of 11C7mAb. Fellow eyes served as naïve controls. The rats were tested using flash electroretinograms (ERGs), flash visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Thirty days after induction, they were euthanized, and the eyes were prepared for immunohistochemistry (two groups), hematoxylin and eosin staining (two groups) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM; six groups). Results Ninety-five percent of the VEP amplitude was preserved in eyes treated with 11C7mAb, versus 69% in the control eyes. Immunohistochemistry revealed a large reduction in microglia and extrinsic macrophages with axon sparing. In addition to axon preservation, TEM also showed reduced extracellular debris and only slight myelin damage compared with the vehicle-treated animals. There were no significant differences in retinal ganglion cell counts, nor was there a difference in optic nerve swelling as measured by OCT. ERGs were used to exclude eyes with retinal vascular occlusions, an occasional complication of the induction technique. Conclusions The 11C7mAb preserves optic nerve integrity and reduces inflammation in rNAION. Translational Relevance This study evaluates the efficacy of an anti-NOGO receptor antibody in a rat model of NAION, a disorder that currently has no universally-acknowledged treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zara Mehrabian
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joy Ghosh
- Eventide Asset Management, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Steven L Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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41
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Álvarez Z, Kolberg-Edelbrock AN, Sasselli IR, Ortega JA, Qiu R, Syrgiannis Z, Mirau PA, Chen F, Chin SM, Weigand S, Kiskinis E, Stupp SI. Bioactive scaffolds with enhanced supramolecular motion promote recovery from spinal cord injury. Science 2021; 374:848-856. [PMID: 34762454 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Álvarez
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - A N Kolberg-Edelbrock
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - I R Sasselli
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - J A Ortega
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - R Qiu
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Z Syrgiannis
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - P A Mirau
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Nanostructured and Biological Materials Branch, Air Force Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - F Chen
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - S M Chin
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - S Weigand
- DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, DND-CAT, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - E Kiskinis
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - S I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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42
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Alia C, Cangi D, Massa V, Salluzzo M, Vignozzi L, Caleo M, Spalletti C. Cell-to-Cell Interactions Mediating Functional Recovery after Stroke. Cells 2021; 10:3050. [PMID: 34831273 PMCID: PMC8623942 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic damage in brain tissue triggers a cascade of molecular and structural plastic changes, thus influencing a wide range of cell-to-cell interactions. Understanding and manipulating this scenario of intercellular connections is the Holy Grail for post-stroke neurorehabilitation. Here, we discuss the main findings in the literature related to post-stroke alterations in cell-to-cell interactions, which may be either detrimental or supportive for functional recovery. We consider both neural and non-neural cells, starting from astrocytes and reactive astrogliosis and moving to the roles of the oligodendrocytes in the support of vulnerable neurons and sprouting inhibition. We discuss the controversial role of microglia in neural inflammation after injury and we conclude with the description of post-stroke alterations in pyramidal and GABAergic cells interactions. For all of these sections, we review not only the spontaneous evolution in cellular interactions after ischemic injury, but also the experimental strategies which have targeted these interactions and that are inspiring novel therapeutic strategies for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alia
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Daniele Cangi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drugs and Child Health Area, School of Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Verediana Massa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Marco Salluzzo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drugs and Child Health Area, School of Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Livia Vignozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Cristina Spalletti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
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43
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Al Ojaimi Y, Blin T, Lamamy J, Gracia M, Pitiot A, Denevault-Sabourin C, Joubert N, Pouget JP, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Lanznaster D, Poty S, Sécher T. Therapeutic antibodies - natural and pathological barriers and strategies to overcome them. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108022. [PMID: 34687769 PMCID: PMC8527648 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics have become a major class of therapeutics with over 120 recombinant antibodies approved or under review in the EU or US. This therapeutic class has experienced a remarkable expansion with an expected acceleration in 2021-2022 due to the extraordinary global response to SARS-CoV2 pandemic and the public disclosure of over a hundred anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies. Mainly delivered intravenously, alternative delivery routes have emerged to improve antibody therapeutic index and patient comfort. A major hurdle for antibody delivery and efficacy as well as the development of alternative administration routes, is to understand the different natural and pathological barriers that antibodies face as soon as they enter the body up to the moment they bind to their target antigen. In this review, we discuss the well-known and more under-investigated extracellular and cellular barriers faced by antibodies. We also discuss some of the strategies developed in the recent years to overcome these barriers and increase antibody delivery to its site of action. A better understanding of the biological barriers that antibodies have to face will allow the optimization of antibody delivery near its target. This opens the way to the development of improved therapy with less systemic side effects and increased patients' adherence to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Al Ojaimi
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Timothée Blin
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Juliette Lamamy
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; GICC, EA7501, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Matthieu Gracia
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Aubin Pitiot
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | - Nicolas Joubert
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; GICC, EA7501, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pouget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | | | | | - Débora Lanznaster
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Sophie Poty
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Thomas Sécher
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
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44
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Liu Y, Long L, Zhang F, Hu X, Zhang J, Hu C, Wang Y, Xu J. Microneedle-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor delivery promotes angiogenesis and functional recovery after stroke. J Control Release 2021; 338:610-622. [PMID: 34481025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is still the major cause of disability worldwide. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is able to promote both angiogenesis and functional recovery, its use is limited by needle-induced injury, nonhomogenous VEGF distribution, and limited VEGF retention in the brain after intracranial or intravenous injection. Here, we first present a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microneedle (MN)-based platform for the sustained and controlled local delivery of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing human VEGF (AAV-VEGF) that achieves homogenous distribution and high transfection efficiency in ischemic brains. An ischemic stroke model was established in adult rats, and MNs loaded with AAV-VEGF were epicortically inserted into both the ischemic core and penumbra of these rats one day after the onset of ischemia. One week later, the inflammatory response and microneedle biocompatibility were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence. Eight weeks later, angiogenesis and neural stem cell proliferation and migration were assessed. GelMA MN implantation did not elicit an obvious inflammatory response and had good biocompatibility in the brain. AAV-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-loaded MNs could achieve successful transfection and homogeneous distribution in the brain cortex three weeks postoperatively. MNs loaded with AAV-VEGF increased VEGF expression and enhanced functional angiogenesis and neurogenesis. In summary, MNs might emerge as a promising platform for delivering various therapeutics to treat ischemic stroke and repair other neurologically diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linyu Long
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fanjun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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45
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Wälchli T, Bisschop J, Miettinen A, Ulmann-Schuler A, Hintermüller C, Meyer EP, Krucker T, Wälchli R, Monnier PP, Carmeliet P, Vogel J, Stampanoni M. Hierarchical imaging and computational analysis of three-dimensional vascular network architecture in the entire postnatal and adult mouse brain. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4564-4610. [PMID: 34480130 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels and the establishment of vascular networks are crucial during brain development, in the adult healthy brain, as well as in various diseases of the central nervous system. Here, we describe a step-by-step protocol for our recently developed method that enables hierarchical imaging and computational analysis of vascular networks in postnatal and adult mouse brains. The different stages of the procedure include resin-based vascular corrosion casting, scanning electron microscopy, synchrotron radiation and desktop microcomputed tomography imaging, and computational network analysis. Combining these methods enables detailed visualization and quantification of the 3D brain vasculature. Network features such as vascular volume fraction, branch point density, vessel diameter, length, tortuosity and directionality as well as extravascular distance can be obtained at any developmental stage from the early postnatal to the adult brain. This approach can be used to provide a detailed morphological atlas of the entire mouse brain vasculature at both the postnatal and the adult stage of development. Our protocol allows the characterization of brain vascular networks separately for capillaries and noncapillaries. The entire protocol, from mouse perfusion to vessel network analysis, takes ~10 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wälchli
- Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Group Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jeroen Bisschop
- Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Group Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arttu Miettinen
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | | | - Eric P Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Krucker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Regula Wälchli
- Department of Dermatology, Pediatric Skin Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe P Monnier
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Vision Division, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes Vogel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Talhada D, Marklund N, Wieloch T, Kuric E, Ruscher K. Plasticity-Enhancing Effects of Levodopa Treatment after Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10226. [PMID: 34638567 PMCID: PMC8508853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic treatment in combination with rehabilitative training enhances long-term recovery after stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms on structural plasticity are unknown. Here, we show an increased dopaminergic innervation of the ischemic territory during the first week after stroke induced in Wistar rats subjected to transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (tMCAO) for 120 min. This response was also found in rats subjected to permanent focal ischemia induced by photothrombosis (PT) and mice subjected to PT or tMCAO. Dopaminergic branches were detected in the infarct core of mice and rats in both stroke models. In addition, the Nogo A pathway was significantly downregulated in rats treated with levodopa (LD) compared to vehicle-treated animals subjected to tMCAO. Specifically, the number of Nogo A positive oligodendrocytes as well as the levels of Nogo A and the Nogo A receptor were significantly downregulated in the peri-infarct area of LD-treated animals, while the number of Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 positive cells increased in this region after treatment. In addition, we observed lower protein levels of Growth Associated Protein 43 in the peri-infarct area compared to sham-operated animals without treatment effect. The results provide the first evidence of the plasticity-promoting actions of dopaminergic treatment following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Talhada
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden; (D.T.); (T.W.); (E.K.)
| | - Niklas Marklund
- LUBIN Lab—Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden; (D.T.); (T.W.); (E.K.)
| | - Enida Kuric
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden; (D.T.); (T.W.); (E.K.)
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden; (D.T.); (T.W.); (E.K.)
- LUBIN Lab—Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden;
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Microglia as the Critical Regulators of Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery in Cerebral Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2505-2525. [PMID: 34460037 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation is considered as the critical pathogenic event in diverse central nervous system disorders including cerebral ischemia. Proinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been well reported in the ischemic brain and neuroinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been believed to be the potential therapeutic strategy. However, despite having proinflammatory roles, microglia can have significant anti-inflammatory roles and they are associated with the production of growth factors which are responsible for neuroprotection and recovery after ischemic injury. Microglia can directly promote neuroprotection by preventing ischemic infarct expansion and promoting functional outcomes. Indirectly, microglia are involved in promoting anti-inflammatory responses, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis in the ischemic brain which are crucial pathophysiological events for ischemic recovery. In fact, anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors produced by microglia can promote neuroprotection and attenuate neurobehavioral deficits. In addition, microglia regulate phagocytosis, axonal regeneration, blood-brain barrier protection, white matter integrity, and synaptic remodeling, which are essential for ischemic recovery. Microglia can also regulate crosstalk with neurons and other cell types to promote neuroprotection and ischemic recovery. This review mainly focuses on the roles of microglia in neuroprotection and recovery following ischemic injury. Furthermore, this review also sheds the light on the therapeutic potential of microglia in stroke patients.
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48
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Pradhan LK, Das SK. The Regulatory Role of Reticulons in Neurodegeneration: Insights Underpinning Therapeutic Potential for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1157-1174. [PMID: 32504327 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, cytoplasmic organellar dysfunction, such as that of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has created a new area of research interest towards the development of serious health maladies including neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the extensively dispersed family of ER-localized proteins, i.e. reticulons (RTNs), is gaining interest because of its regulative control over neural regeneration. As most neurodegenerative diseases are pathologically manifested with the accretion of misfolded proteins with subsequent induction of ER stress, the regulatory role of RTNs in neural dysfunction cannot be ignored. With the limited information available in the literature, delineation of the functional connection between rising consequences of neurodegenerative diseases and RTNs need to be elucidated. In this review, we provide a broad overview on the recently revealed regulatory roles of reticulons in the pathophysiology of several health maladies, with special emphasis on neurodegeneration. Additionally, we have also recapitulated the decisive role of RTN4 in neurite regeneration and highlighted how neurodegeneration and proteinopathies are mechanistically linked with each other through specific RTN paralogues. With the recent findings advocating zebrafish Rtn4b (a mammalian Nogo-A homologue) downregulation following central nervous system (CNS) lesion, RTNs provides new insight into the CNS regeneration. However, there are controversies with respect to the role of Rtn4b in zebrafish CNS regeneration. Given these controversies, the connection between the unique regenerative capabilities of zebrafish CNS by distinct compensatory mechanisms and Rtn4b signalling pathway could shed light on the development of new therapeutic strategies against serious neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilesh Kumar Pradhan
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed To Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Das
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed To Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India.
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49
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Li J, Zheng M, Shimoni O, Banks WA, Bush AI, Gamble JR, Shi B. Development of Novel Therapeutics Targeting the Blood-Brain Barrier: From Barrier to Carrier. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101090. [PMID: 34085418 PMCID: PMC8373165 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized neurovascular unit, initially described as an intact barrier to prevent toxins, pathogens, and potentially harmful substances from entering the brain. An intact BBB is also critical for the maintenance of normal neuronal function. In cerebral vascular diseases and neurological disorders, the BBB can be disrupted, contributing to disease progression. While restoration of BBB integrity serves as a robust biomarker of better clinical outcomes, the restrictive nature of the intact BBB presents a major hurdle for delivery of therapeutics into the brain. Recent studies show that the BBB is actively engaged in crosstalk between neuronal and the circulatory systems, which defines another important role of the BBB: as an interfacing conduit that mediates communication between two sides of the BBB. This role has been subject to extensive investigation for brain-targeted drug delivery and shows promising results. The dual roles of the BBB make it a unique target for drug development. Here, recent developments and novel strategies to target the BBB for therapeutic purposes are reviewed, from both barrier and carrier perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of PharmacyHenan UniversityKaifeng475001China
- Centre for Motor Neuron DiseaseDepartment of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South Wales2109Australia
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan‐Macquarie University Joint Center for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Olga Shimoni
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA98108USA
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research CenterThe Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3052Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Gamble
- Center for the EndotheliumVascular Biology ProgramCentenary InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales2042Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- School of PharmacyHenan UniversityKaifeng475001China
- Centre for Motor Neuron DiseaseDepartment of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South Wales2109Australia
- Henan‐Macquarie University Joint Center for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
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50
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Zhao Y, Ye S, Lin J, Liang F, Chen J, Hu J, Chen K, Fang Y, Chen X, Xiong Y, Lin L, Tan X. NmFGF1-Regulated Glucolipid Metabolism and Angiogenesis Improves Functional Recovery in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Stroke and Acts via the AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680351. [PMID: 34025437 PMCID: PMC8139577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk of stroke, exacerbates neurological deficits, and increases mortality. Non-mitogenic fibroblast growth factor 1 (nmFGF1) is a powerful neuroprotective factor that is also regarded as a metabolic regulator. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nmFGF1 on the improvement of functional recovery in a mouse model of type 2 diabetic (T2D) stroke. We established a mouse model of T2D stroke by photothrombosis in mice that were fed a high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin (STZ). We found that nmFGF1 reduced the size of the infarct and attenuated neurobehavioral deficits in our mouse model of T2D stroke. Angiogenesis plays an important role in neuronal survival and functional recovery post-stroke. NmFGF1 promoted angiogenesis in the mouse model of T2D stroke. Furthermore, nmFGF1 reversed the reduction of tube formation and migration in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) cultured in high glucose conditions and treated with oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD). Amp-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a critical role in the regulation of angiogenesis. Interestingly, we found that nmFGF1 increased the protein expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) both in vivo and in vitro. We found that nmFGF1 promoted tube formation and migration and that this effect was further enhanced by an AMPK agonist (A-769662). In contrast, these processes were inhibited by the application of an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) or siRNA targeting AMPK. Furthermore, nmFGF1 ameliorated neuronal loss in diabetic stroke mice via AMPK-mediated angiogenesis. In addition, nmFGF1 ameliorated glucose and lipid metabolic disorders in our mouse model of T2D stroke without causing significant changes in body weight. These results revealed that nmFGF1-regulated glucolipid metabolism and angiogenesis play a key role in the improvement of functional recovery in a mouse model of T2D stroke and that these effects are mediated by the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fei Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yani Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiongjian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ye Xiong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianxi Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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