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Kotwal SB, Orekondey N, Saradadevi GP, Priyadarshini N, Puppala NV, Bhushan M, Motamarry S, Kumar R, Mohannath G, Dey RJ. Multidimensional futuristic approaches to address the pandemics beyond COVID-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17148. [PMID: 37325452 PMCID: PMC10257889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been enormous and unrelenting with ∼6.9 million deaths and ∼765 million infections. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances and potentially novel molecular tools for viral diagnostics and therapeutics with far-reaching implications in managing the future pandemics. In addition to briefly highlighting the existing and recent methods of viral diagnostics, we propose a couple of potentially novel non-PCR-based methods for rapid, cost-effective, and single-step detection of nucleic acids of viruses using RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and nuclease-based approaches. We also highlight key innovations in miniaturized Lab-on-Chip (LoC) devices, which in combination with cyber-physical systems, could serve as ideal futuristic platforms for viral diagnosis and disease management. We also discuss underexplored and underutilized antiviral strategies, including ribozyme-mediated RNA-cleaving tools for targeting viral RNA, and recent advances in plant-based platforms for rapid, low-cost, and large-scale production and oral delivery of antiviral agents/vaccines. Lastly, we propose repurposing of the existing vaccines for newer applications with a major emphasis on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-based vaccine engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Bushra Kotwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Nidhi Orekondey
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | | | - Neha Priyadarshini
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Navinchandra V Puppala
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Mahak Bhushan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Snehasri Motamarry
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Gireesha Mohannath
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Ruchi Jain Dey
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
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2
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Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Zoonotic Viruses. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020156. [PMID: 35207444 PMCID: PMC8878793 DOI: 10.3390/life12020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases cause serious illness with billions of cases, and millions of deaths. The most effective way to restrict the spread of zoonotic viruses among humans and animals and prevent disease is vaccination. Recombinant proteins produced in plants offer an alternative approach for the development of safe, effective, inexpensive candidate vaccines. Current strategies are focused on the production of highly immunogenic structural proteins, which mimic the organizations of the native virion but lack the viral genetic material. These include chimeric viral peptides, subunit virus proteins, and virus-like particles (VLPs). The latter, with their ability to self-assemble and thus resemble the form of virus particles, are gaining traction among plant-based candidate vaccines against many infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the main zoonotic diseases and followed the progress in using plant expression systems for the production of recombinant proteins and VLPs used in the development of plant-based vaccines against zoonotic viruses.
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Maj M, Fake GM, Walker JH, Saltzman R, Howard JA. Oral Administration of Coronavirus Spike Protein Provides Protection to Newborn Pigs When Challenged with PEDV. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121416. [PMID: 34960163 PMCID: PMC8706244 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether oral administration of maize-produced S antigen can provide passive immunity to piglets against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), 16 pregnant sows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: (1) injection of PEDV vaccine (INJ), (2) maize grain without S protein (CON), (3) maize grain containing low dose of S antigen (LOV) and (4) maize grain containing a high dose of S antigen (HOV). Vaccines were administered on days 57, 85 and 110 of gestation. Sows’ serum and colostrum were collected at farrowing and milk on day 6 post-challenge to quantify neutralizing antibodies (NABs) and cytokines. Piglets were challenged with PEDV 3–5 d after farrowing, and severity of disease and mortality assessed on day 11 post-challenge. Disease severity was lower in LOV and INJ compared with HOV and CON, whereas the survival rate increased in piglets from LOV sows compared with HOV and CON (p ≤ 0.001). Higher titers of NABs and lower levels of cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in sows’ milk were positively correlated with piglet survivability (p ≤ 0.05). These data suggest that feeding S protein in corn to pregnant sows protects nursing piglets against PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maj
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
| | - Gina M. Fake
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Cal Poly Tech Park, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
| | - John H. Walker
- Department of Statistics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
| | | | - John A. Howard
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Cal Poly Tech Park, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Ma C, Ma X, Jiang B, Pan H, Liao X, Zhang L, Li W, Luo Y, Shen Z, Cheng X, Lian M, Wang Z. A novel inactivated whole-cell Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine that acts through the cGAS-STING pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:353. [PMID: 34593766 PMCID: PMC8484301 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection continues to be a major threat to global public health, and new safe and efficacious vaccines are needed for prevention of infections caused by P. aeruginosa. X-ray irradiation has been used to prepare whole-cell inactivated vaccines against P. aeruginosa infection. However, the immunological mechanisms of X-ray-inactivated vaccines are still unclear and require further investigation. Our previous study found that an X-ray-inactivated whole-cell vaccine could provide protection against P. aeruginosa by boosting T cells. The aim of the present study was to further explore the immunological mechanisms of the vaccine. Herein, P. aeruginosa PAO1, a widely used laboratory strain, was utilized to prepare the vaccine, and we found nucleic acids and 8-hydroxyguanosine in the supernatant of X-ray-inactivated PAO1 (XPa). By detecting CD86, CD80, and MHCII expression, we found that XPa fostered dentritic cell (DC) maturation by detecting. XPa stimulated the cGAS-STING pathway as well as Toll-like receptors in DCs in vitro, and DC finally underwent apoptosis and pyroptosis after XPa stimulation. In addition, DC stimulated by XPa induced CD8+ T-cell proliferation in vitro and generated immunologic memory in vivo. Moreover, XPa vaccination induced both Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses in mice and reduced the level of inflammatory factors during infection. XPa protected mice in pneumonia models from infection with PAO1 or multidrug-resistant clinical isolate W9. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mice immunized with XPa could resist PAO1 infection. Therefore, a new mechanism of an X-ray-inactivated whole-cell vaccine against P. aeruginosa infection was discovered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Boguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hailong Pan
- Department of Quality Management, China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xueyuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhixue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xingjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mao Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Producing Vaccines against Enveloped Viruses in Plants: Making the Impossible, Difficult. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070780. [PMID: 34358196 PMCID: PMC8310165 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 30 years have seen the growth of plant molecular farming as an approach to the production of recombinant proteins for pharmaceutical and biotechnological uses. Much of this effort has focused on producing vaccine candidates against viral diseases, including those caused by enveloped viruses. These represent a particular challenge given the difficulties associated with expressing and purifying membrane-bound proteins and achieving correct assembly. Despite this, there have been notable successes both from a biochemical and a clinical perspective, with a number of clinical trials showing great promise. This review will explore the history and current status of plant-produced vaccine candidates against enveloped viruses to date, with a particular focus on virus-like particles (VLPs), which mimic authentic virus structures but do not contain infectious genetic material.
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Ghag SB, Adki VS, Ganapathi TR, Bapat VA. Plant Platforms for Efficient Heterologous Protein Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:546-567. [PMID: 34393545 PMCID: PMC8346785 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Production of recombinant proteins is primarily established in cultures of mammalian, insect and bacterial cells. Concurrently, concept of using plants to produce high-value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines, antibodies, and dietary proteins have received worldwide attention. Newer technologies for plant transformation such as plastid engineering, agroinfiltration, magnifection, and deconstructed viral vectors have been used to enhance the protein production in plants along with the inherent advantage of speed, scale, and cost of production in plant systems. Production of therapeutic proteins in plants has now a more pragmatic approach when several plant-produced vaccines and antibodies successfully completed Phase I clinical trials in humans and were further scheduled for regulatory approvals to manufacture clinical grade products on a large scale which are safe, efficacious, and meet the quality standards. The main thrust of this review is to summarize the data accumulated over the last two decades and recent development and achievements of the plant derived therapeutics. It also attempts to discuss different strategies employed to increase the production so as to make plants more competitive with the established production systems in this industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhesh B. Ghag
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai campus, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai, 400098 India
| | - Vinayak S. Adki
- V. G. Shivdare College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Solapur, Maharashtra 413004 India
| | - Thumballi R. Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Vishwas A. Bapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004 India
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Dubey KK, Luke GA, Knox C, Kumar P, Pletschke BI, Singh PK, Shukla P. Vaccine and antibody production in plants: developments and computational tools. Brief Funct Genomics 2019; 17:295-307. [PMID: 29982427 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/ely020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants as bioreactors have been widely used to express efficient vaccine antigens against viral, bacterial and protozoan infections. To date, many different plant-based expression systems have been analyzed, with a growing preference for transient expression systems. Antibody expression in diverse plant species for therapeutic applications is well known, and this review provides an overview of various aspects of plant-based biopharmaceutical production. Here, we highlight conventional and gene expression technologies in plants along with some illustrative examples. In addition, the portfolio of products that are being produced and how they relate to the success of this field are discussed. Stable and transient gene expression in plants, agrofiltration and virus infection vectors are also reviewed. Further, the present report draws attention to antibody epitope prediction using computational tools, one of the crucial steps of vaccine design. Finally, regulatory issues, biosafety and public perception of this technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali Mahendergarh, Haryana, India.,Microbial Process Development Laboratory, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Garry A Luke
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland
| | - Caroline Knox
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Punit Kumar
- Microbial Process Development Laboratory, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Brett I Pletschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Puneet Kumar Singh
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Singh A, Kaur G, Singh S, Singh N, Saxena G, Verma PC. Recombinant Plant Engineering for Immunotherapeutic Production. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:306-316. [PMID: 32226727 PMCID: PMC7099902 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The requirement for large quantities of therapeutic proteins has fueled a great interest in the production of recombinant proteins in plant bioreactors. The vaccines and bio-therapeutic protein production in plants hold the promise of significantly lowering the cost of manufacturing life-saving drugs. This review will reflect the current status and challenges that the molecular farming platform faces becoming a strategic solution for the development of low-cost bio-therapeutics for developing countries. RECENT FINDINGS Different plant parts have been successfully identified as suitable expression systems for the commercial production of therapeutic proteins for some human and animal diseases ranging from common cold to AIDS. The processed therapeutics from such sources are devoid of any toxic components. The large-scale cultivation of these transgenic plants would be possible anywhere in the world including developing countries, which lack sophisticated drug manufacturing units. A couple of such commercially generated products have already hit the market with success. Newer methods using suitable plant viruses and recombinant gene expression systems have already been devised for producing therapeutic proteins and peptides. SUMMARY Plants are promising bio-factories for therapeutic protein production because of their several advantages over the other expression systems especially the advanced mechanisms for protein synthesis and post-translational modification which are very much similar to animal cells. Plant biotechnologists are much attracted to the bio-farming because of its flexibility, scalability, low manufacturing cost, as well as the lack of risk of toxic or pathogenic contamination. A number of projects on bio-farming are designed and are at various developmental stages but have not yet become available to the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, we need further advancement in the optimization of lab protocols for up-scaling the production of such therapeutics at commercial level with a promise to offer their best clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Gurminder Kaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201303 India
| | - Sanchita Singh
- Genetics and Plant Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, U.P 226001 India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Gauri Saxena
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Praveen C. Verma
- Genetics and Plant Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, U.P 226001 India
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Current Developments and Future Prospects for Plant-Made Biopharmaceuticals Against Rabies. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:869-79. [PMID: 26163274 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a prevalent health problem in developing countries. Although vaccines and immunoglobulin treatments are available, their cost and multiple-dose treatments restrict availability. During the last two decades, plants have served as a low-cost platform for biopharmaceuticals production and have been applied to fight against rabies during the last two decades. Herein, I provide a description of the state of the art in the development of plant-made pharmaceuticals against rabies and identify key prospects for the field in terms of novel strategies, immunogen design, and therapeutic antibodies production.
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Virus-like particles from Escherichia Coli-derived untagged papaya ringspot virus capsid protein purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography enhance the antibody response against a soluble antigen. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 56:1110-20. [PMID: 25119647 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using virus-like particles (VLPs) as scaffolds for the presentation of antigens of choice to the immune system. In this work, VLPs from papaya ringspot virus capsid protein expressed in Escherichia coli were evaluated as enhancers of antibody response against a soluble antigen. Interestingly, although the capsid protein lacks a histidine tag, its purification by immobilized metal affinity chromatography was achieved. The formation of VLPs was demonstrated by electron microscopy for the first time for this capsid protein. VLPs were enriched by polyethylene glycol precipitation. Additionally, these VLPs were chemically coupled to green fluorescent protein in order to evaluate them as antigen carriers; however, bioconjugate instability was observed. Nonetheless, the adjuvant effect of these VLPs on BALB/c mice was evaluated, using GFP as antigen, resulting in a significant increase in anti-GFP IgG response, particularly, IgG1 class, demonstrating that the VLPs enhance the immune response against the antigen chosen in this study.
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Krenek P, Samajova O, Luptovciak I, Doskocilova A, Komis G, Samaj J. Transient plant transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Principles, methods and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1024-42. [PMID: 25819757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is widely used as a versatile tool for development of stably transformed model plants and crops. However, the development of Agrobacterium based transient plant transformation methods attracted substantial attention in recent years. Transient transformation methods offer several applications advancing stable transformations such as rapid and scalable recombinant protein production and in planta functional genomics studies. Herein, we highlight Agrobacterium and plant genetics factors affecting transfer of T-DNA from Agrobacterium into the plant cell nucleus and subsequent transient transgene expression. We also review recent methods concerning Agrobacterium mediated transient transformation of model plants and crops and outline key physical, physiological and genetic factors leading to their successful establishment. Of interest are especially Agrobacterium based reverse genetics studies in economically important crops relying on use of RNA interference (RNAi) or virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. The applications of Agrobacterium based transient plant transformation technology in biotech industry are presented in thorough detail. These involve production of recombinant proteins (plantibodies, vaccines and therapeutics) and effectoromics-assisted breeding of late blight resistance in potato. In addition, we also discuss biotechnological potential of recombinant GFP technology and present own examples of successful Agrobacterium mediated transient plant transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Krenek
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Samajova
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Luptovciak
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Doskocilova
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - George Komis
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Samaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Fahad S, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari NS, Ahmed MM, Liao YC, Waheed MT, Sameeullah M, Darkhshan, Hussain S, Saud S, Hassan S, Jan A, Jan MT, Wu C, Chun MX, Huang J. Recent developments in therapeutic protein expression technologies in plants. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:265-79. [PMID: 25326175 PMCID: PMC7088338 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases and cancers are some of the commonest causes of deaths throughout the world. The previous two decades have witnessed a combined endeavor across various biological sciences to address this issue in novel ways. The advent of recombinant DNA technologies has provided the tools for producing recombinant proteins that can be used as therapeutic agents. A number of expression systems have been developed for the production of pharmaceutical products. Recently, advances have been made using plants as bioreactors to produce therapeutic proteins directed against infectious diseases and cancers. This review highlights the recent progress in therapeutic protein expression in plants (stable and transient), the factors affecting heterologous protein expression, vector systems and recent developments in existing technologies and steps towards the industrial production of plant-made vaccines, antibodies, and biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Fahad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory for Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | | | | | - Yu Cai Liao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Muhammad Sameeullah
- Biotechnology Lab., Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey
| | - Darkhshan
- Women Institute of Learning, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticultural, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Shah Hassan
- Agriculture University, Peshawar, 25000 Pakistan
| | | | | | - Chao Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Ma Xiao Chun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
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Permyakova NV, Uvarova EA, Deineko EV. State of research in the field of the creation of plant vaccines for veterinary use. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: A COMPREHENSIVE RUSSIAN JOURNAL ON MODERN PHYTOPHYSIOLOGY 2015; 62:23-38. [PMID: 32214753 PMCID: PMC7089518 DOI: 10.1134/s1021443715010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plants as an alternative of costly systems of recombinant immunogenic protein expression are the source for the production of cheap and highly efficient biotherapeuticals of new generation, including plant vaccines. In the present review, possibilities of plant system application for the production of recombinant proteins for veterinary use are considered, the history of the "edible vaccine" concept is briefly summarized, advantages and disadvantages of various plant systems for the expression of recombinant immunogenic proteins are discussed. The list of recombinant plant vaccines for veterinary use, which are at different stages of clinical trials, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Permyakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Rusian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, pr. Lavrent’eva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - E. A. Uvarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Rusian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, pr. Lavrent’eva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - E. V. Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Rusian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, pr. Lavrent’eva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
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Mucosal Vaccines from Plant Biotechnology. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [PMCID: PMC7158328 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of plants for production of recombinant proteins has evolved over the past 25 years. The first plant-based vaccines were expressed in stably transgenic plants, with the idea to conveniently deliver “edible vaccines” by ingestion of the antigen-containing plant material. These systems provided a proof of concept that oral delivery of vaccines in crude plant material could stimulate antigen-specific serum and mucosal antibodies. Transgenic grains like rice in particular provide a stable and robust vehicle for antigen delivery. However, some issues exist with stably transgenic plants, including relatively low expression levels and regulatory issues. Thus, many recent studies use transient expression with plant viral vectors to achieve rapid high expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, followed by purification of antigen and intranasal delivery for effective stimulation of mucosal immune responses.
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Hilary Koprowski, MD: A Lifetime of Work. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2014; 33:1-43. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2014.kop.biblio] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Luckanagul JA, Lee LA, You S, Yang X, Wang Q. Plant virus incorporated hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering possess low immunogenicity in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:887-95. [PMID: 24829052 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are no longer recognized purely for being ubiquitous pathogens, but have served as building blocks for material chemistry and nanotechnology. Thousands of coat protein subunits of a viral particle can be modified chemically and/or genetically. We have previously shown that the three-dimensional porous hydrogels can easily be functionalized by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a rod-like plant virus, using its mutant, RGD-TMV. RGD-TMV hosted bioadhesive peptide (RGD) in the hydrogel, which was shown to enhance cell attachment and promote osteogenic differentiation of cultured stem cell. To translate this technology to potential clinical applications, we sought to study the biocompatibility of the hydrogel. In this paper, the hydrogels were implanted in vivo and assessed for their immunogenicity, toxicity, and biodegradability. Immune response for TMV substantially decreased when incorporated in the hydrogel implants. The implanted TMV hydrogels exhibited no apparent toxicity and were degradable in mice. The results highlighted the feasibility of using TMV incorporated hydrogels as scaffolding materials for regenerative medicine in terms of biocompatibility and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Paul M, Ma JKC. Plant-made immunogens and effective delivery strategies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:821-33. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Edible Rabies Vaccines. COMMERCIAL PLANT-PRODUCED RECOMBINANT PROTEIN PRODUCTS 2014. [PMCID: PMC7120656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43836-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rabies has been one of the most feared diseases throughout history. Human rabies remains an important public health problem in many developing countries. The WHO reports that more than 55,000 people die of this disease every year. Most of these cases occur in developing countries. In most Latin American countries, the major reservoirs of rabies are the dog and the hematophagous bat (Desmodus rotundus), which is present in the tropical and subtropical areas from Northern Mexico to Northern Argentina and Chile and transmits the disease to cattle. One of the better options for controlling rabies is vaccination. The expression of rabies virus G protein in different plant systems for developing an oral rabies vaccine could reduce costs of production and distribution and would be convenient for developing countries where the disease is endemic.
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Eldakak M, Milad SIM, Nawar AI, Rohila JS. Proteomics: a biotechnology tool for crop improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:35. [PMID: 23450788 PMCID: PMC3584254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A sharp decline in the availability of arable land and sufficient supply of irrigation water along with a continuous steep increase in food demands have exerted a pressure on farmers to produce more with fewer resources. A viable solution to release this pressure is to speed up the plant breeding process by employing biotechnology in breeding programs. The majority of biotechnological applications rely on information generated from various -omic technologies. The latest outstanding improvements in proteomic platforms and many other but related advances in plant biotechnology techniques offer various new ways to encourage the usage of these technologies by plant scientists for crop improvement programs. A combinatorial approach of accelerated gene discovery through genomics, proteomics, and other associated -omic branches of biotechnology, as an applied approach, is proving to be an effective way to speed up the crop improvement programs worldwide. In the near future, swift improvements in -omic databases are becoming critical and demand immediate attention for the effective utilization of these techniques to produce next-generation crops for the progressive farmers. Here, we have reviewed the recent advances in proteomics, as tools of biotechnology, which are offering great promise and leading the path toward crop improvement for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Eldakak
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State UniversityBrookings, SD, USA
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, El Shatby, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria, Egypt
| | - Sanaa I. M. Milad
- Biotechnology Lab, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, El Shatby, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria, Egypt
| | - Ali I. Nawar
- Biotechnology Lab, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, El Shatby, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria, Egypt
| | - Jai S. Rohila
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State UniversityBrookings, SD, USA
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Balique F, Colson P, Barry AO, Nappez C, Ferretti A, Moussawi KA, Ngounga T, Lepidi H, Ghigo E, Mege JL, Lecoq H, Raoult D. Tobacco mosaic virus in the lungs of mice following intra-tracheal inoculation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54993. [PMID: 23383021 PMCID: PMC3559775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses are generally considered incapable of infecting vertebrates. Accordingly, they are not considered harmful for humans. However, a few studies questioned the certainty of this paradigm. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA has been detected in human samples and TMV RNA translation has been described in animal cells. We sought to determine if TMV is detectable, persists, and remains viable in the lung tissues of mice following intratracheal inoculation, and we attempted to inoculate mouse macrophages with TMV. In the animal model, mice were intratracheally inoculated with 10(11) viral particles and were sacrificed at different time points. The virus was detected in the mouse lungs using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, real-time RT-PCR and sequencing, and its viability was studied with an infectivity assay on plants. In the cellular model, the culture medium of murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) was inoculated with different concentrations of TMV, and the virus was detected with real-time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. In addition, anti-TMV antibodies were detected in mouse sera with ELISA. We showed that infectious TMV could enter and persist in mouse lungs via the intratracheal route. Over 14 days, the TMV RNA level decreased by 5 log(10) copies/ml in the mouse lungs and by 3.5 log(10) in macrophages recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage. TMV was localized to lung tissue, and its infectivity was observed on plants until 3 days after inoculation. In addition, anti-TMV antibody seroconversions were observed in the sera from mice 7 days after inoculation. In the cellular model, we observed that TMV persisted over 15 days after inoculation and it was visualized in the cytoplasm of the BMDM. This work shows that a plant virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, could persist and enter in cells in mammals, which raises questions about the potential interactions between TMV and human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Balique
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR 407, Pathologie Végétale, Montfavet, France
| | - Philippe Colson
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Abdoulaye Oury Barry
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Nappez
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Ferretti
- Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Khatoun Al Moussawi
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Tatsiana Ngounga
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Ghigo
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Lecoq
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR 407, Pathologie Végétale, Montfavet, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Shahid M, Shahzad A, Malik A, Sahai A. Plant Edible Vaccines: A Revolution in Vaccination. RECENT TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS 2013. [PMCID: PMC7120501 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6603-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Shahid
- Arabian Gulf University, Department Of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine & Medical Sciences, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Anwar Shahzad
- , Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Abida Malik
- , Department of Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, J. N. Medical College & Hospital, Aligarh, 202002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Aastha Sahai
- , Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 Uttar Pradesh India
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22
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Chen Q, Lai H. Plant-derived virus-like particles as vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:26-49. [PMID: 22995837 PMCID: PMC3667944 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled structures derived from viral antigens that mimic the native architecture of viruses but lack the viral genome. VLPs have emerged as a premier vaccine platform due to their advantages in safety, immunogenicity, and manufacturing. The particulate nature and high-density presentation of viral structure proteins on their surface also render VLPs as attractive carriers for displaying foreign epitopes. Consequently, several VLP-based vaccines have been licensed for human use and achieved significant clinical and economical success. The major challenge, however, is to develop novel production platforms that can deliver VLP-based vaccines while significantly reducing production times and costs. Therefore, this review focuses on the essential role of plants as a novel, speedy and economical production platform for VLP-based vaccines. The advantages of plant expression systems are discussed in light of their distinctive posttranslational modifications, cost-effectiveness, production speed, and scalability. Recent achievements in the expression and assembly of VLPs and their chimeric derivatives in plant systems as well as their immunogenicity in animal models are presented. Results of human clinical trials demonstrating the safety and efficacy of plant-derived VLPs are also detailed. Moreover, the promising implications of the recent creation of "humanized" glycosylation plant lines as well as the very recent approval of the first plant-made biologics by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for plant production and commercialization of VLP-based vaccines are discussed. It is speculated that the combined potential of plant expression systems and VLP technology will lead to the emergence of successful vaccines and novel applications of VLPs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA.
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Rosales-Mendoza S, Govea-Alonso DO, Monreal-Escalante E, Fragoso G, Sciutto E. Developing plant-based vaccines against neglected tropical diseases: where are we? Vaccine 2012; 31:40-8. [PMID: 23142588 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) impair the lives of 1 billion people worldwide, and threaten the health of millions more. Although vaccine candidates have been proposed to prevent some NTDs, no vaccine is available at the market yet. Vaccines against NTDs should be low-cost and needle-free to reduce the logistic cost of their administration. Plant-based vaccines meet both requirements: plant systems allow antigen production at low cost, and also yield an optimal delivery vehicle that prevents or delays digestive hydrolysis of vaccine antigens. This review covers recent reports on the development of plant-based vaccines against NTDs. Efforts conducted by a number of research groups to develop vaccines as a mean to fight rabies, cysticercosis, dengue, and helminthiasis are emphasized. Future perspectives are identified, such as the need to develop vaccination models for more than ten pathologies through a plant-based biotechnological approach. Current limitations on the method are also noted, and molecular approaches that might allow us to address such limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de biofarmacéuticos recombinantes, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, 78210, Mexico.
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Kushnir N, Streatfield SJ, Yusibov V. Virus-like particles as a highly efficient vaccine platform: diversity of targets and production systems and advances in clinical development. Vaccine 2012; 31:58-83. [PMID: 23142589 PMCID: PMC7115575 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a class of subunit vaccines that differentiate themselves from soluble recombinant antigens by stronger protective immunogenicity associated with the VLP structure. Like parental viruses, VLPs can be either non-enveloped or enveloped, and they can form following expression of one or several viral structural proteins in a recombinant heterologous system. Depending on the complexity of the VLP, it can be produced in either a prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression system using target-encoding recombinant vectors, or in some cases can be assembled in cell-free conditions. To date, a wide variety of VLP-based candidate vaccines targeting various viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal pathogens, as well as non-infectious diseases, have been produced in different expression systems. Some VLPs have entered clinical development and a few have been licensed and commercialized. This article reviews VLP-based vaccines produced in different systems, their immunogenicity in animal models and their status in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Kushnir
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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Loza-Rubio E, Rojas-Anaya E, López J, Olivera-Flores MT, Gómez-Lim M, Tapia-Pérez G. Induction of a protective immune response to rabies virus in sheep after oral immunization with transgenic maize, expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein. Vaccine 2012; 30:5551-6. [PMID: 22749836 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of exogenous genes into plants permits the development of a new generation of biological products, i.e., edible vaccines. Cereals, especially maize, have been the systems of choice for the expression of antigenic proteins because the proteins can be expressed at high levels in the kernel and stored for prolonged periods without excessive deterioration. The utilization of plant-derived antigens for oral delivery provides an alternative strategy for the control of pathogens in animals compared to the current vaccine administration methods, such as injection. However, there is some doubt about the efficacy of these types of vaccines in polygastric animals due to the features of their digestive system. Here, we report the efficacy of an edible vaccine against rabies evaluated in sheep. Kernels containing different doses of G protein (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2mg) were given in a single dose by the oral route. Cumulative survival was better in groups that received 2mg of G protein and for the positive control (inactivated rabies vaccine); this observation was supported by the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Animals in the control group died after challenge. The degree of protection achieved for 2mg of G protein was comparable to that conferred by a commercial vaccine. In conclusion, this is the first study in which an orally administered edible vaccine showed efficacy in a polygastric model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Loza-Rubio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones en Microbiologia Animal (CENID-Microbiologia), INIFAP, Carretera México-Toluca, Km. 15.5, Colonia Palo Alto, CP 05110, México, DF, Mexico.
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Ghiasi SM, Salmanian AH, Chinikar S, Zakeri S. Mice orally immunized with a transgenic plant expressing the glycoprotein of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:2031-7. [PMID: 22012978 PMCID: PMC3232705 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05352-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
While Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has a high mortality rate in humans, the associated virus (CCHFV) does not induce clinical symptoms in animals, but animals play an important role in disease transmission to humans. Our aim in this study was to examine the immunogenicity of the CCHFV glycoprotein when expressed in the root and leaf of transgenic plants via hairy roots and stable transformation of tobacco plants, respectively. After confirmatory analyses of transgenic plant lines and quantification of the expressed glycoprotein, mice were either fed with the transgenic leaves or roots, fed the transgenic plant material and injected subcutaneously with the plant-made CCHFV glycoprotein (fed/boosted), vaccinated with an attenuated CCHF vaccine (positive control), or received no treatment (negative control). All immunized groups had a consistent rise in anti-glycoprotein IgG and IgA antibodies in their serum and feces, respectively. The mice in the fed/boosted group showed a significant rise in specific IgG antibodies after a single boost. Our results imply that oral immunization of animals with edible materials from transgenic plants is feasible, and further assessments are under way. In addition, while the study of CCHF is challenging, our protocol should be further used to study CCHFV infection in the knockout mouse model and virus neutralization assays in biosafety level 4 laboratories.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Feces/chemistry
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/genetics
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Mice
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/immunology
- Serum/chemistry
- Serum/immunology
- Nicotiana
- Vaccines, Edible
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Ghiasi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. H. Salmanian
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Chinikar
- Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Zakeri
- Malaria Research Group, Biotechnology and Vector Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Smith TG, Wu X, Franka R, E. Rupprecht C. Design of future rabies biologics and antiviral drugs. Adv Virus Res 2011; 79:345-63. [PMID: 21601054 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387040-7.00016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, no major paradigm shifts have occurred in the utilization of new products for the prevention and control of rabies. Development of new cost-effective rabies biologics and antiviral drugs is critical in continuing to prevent and reduce disease. Current rabies vaccines are highly effective but have developed largely based on technical improvements in the vaccine industry. In the future, alternative approaches for improved vaccines, including novel avirulent rabies virus (RABV) vectors, should be pursued. Any rabies vaccine that is effective without the need for rabies immune globulin (RIG) will contribute fundamentally to disease prevention by reducing the cost and complexity of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). The lack of high quality, affordable RIG is a continuing problem. Virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will soon fulfill the PEP requirement for passive immunity, currently met with RIG. Several relevant strategies for mAb production, including use of transgenic mice, humanization of mouse mAbs, and generation of human immune libraries, are underway. As a result of successful PEP and pre-exposure prophylaxis in developed countries, until recently, no significant focused efforts have been devoted to RABV-specific antiviral agents. To date, combination therapy including broad spectrum antiviral agents has been successful in only one case, and reports of antiviral activity are often conflicting. Current antiviral strategies target either the nucleoprotein or phosphoprotein, but drugs targeting the viral polymerase should be considered. Considering the lag from creation of new concepts to experimental development and clinical trials, many years will likely elapse between today's ideas and tomorrow's practices.
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Loza-Rubio E, Rojas-Anaya E. Vaccine production in plant systems--an aid to the control of viral diseases in domestic animals: a review. Acta Vet Hung 2010; 58:511-22. [PMID: 21087920 DOI: 10.1556/avet.58.2010.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plants have been identified as promising expression systems for the commercial production of vaccines because of the possibility of introducing exogenous genes into them, which permits the development of a new generation of biological products called edible vaccines. The advantages of oral vaccines of this new type are that they induce mucosal, humoral, cellular and protective immunity, they are cheaper, easier to store, distribute and administer, they do not require cold chain management, and some species can be stored for long periods of time without any spoilage and may be administered as purified proteins. Owing to these benefits, plant-produced vaccines represent a valuable option for animal health. The aim of this paper is to present a review of plant-produced vaccines against viruses affecting domestic animals. Some aspects of the feasibility of their use and the immune response elicited by such vaccines are also discussed, as the balance between tolerance and immunogenicity is a major concern for the use of plant-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Loza-Rubio
- 1 INIFAP Centro Nacional de Investigaciones en Microbiología Animal Carretera México Toluca Km 15.5 Colonia Palo Alto CP 05110 Mexico
| | - Edith Rojas-Anaya
- 1 INIFAP Centro Nacional de Investigaciones en Microbiología Animal Carretera México Toluca Km 15.5 Colonia Palo Alto CP 05110 Mexico
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Avesani L, Bortesi L, Santi L, Falorni A, Pezzotti M. Plant-made pharmaceuticals for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases: where are we? Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:957-69. [PMID: 20673017 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular farming in plants or plant cell cultures represents a viable alternative technology that holds great promise for the low-cost and large-scale production of recombinant proteins. The particular case of plant-based vaccines for the prevention of autoimmune diseases is addressed here, presenting a comprehensive overview of the different molecules and expression technologies that have been investigated so far in both academia and industry. The potential of plants not only as bioreactors but also as delivery systems for pharmaceuticals is discussed, and the advantages of oral delivery of autoantigens for the induction of immune tolerance are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Avesani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Italy
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32
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Rybicki EP. Plant-made vaccines for humans and animals. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2010; 8:620-37. [PMID: 20233333 PMCID: PMC7167690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The concept of using plants to produce high-value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines is 20 years old this year and is only now on the brink of realisation as an established technology. The original reliance on transgenic plants has largely given way to transient expression; proofs of concept for human and animal vaccines and of efficacy for animal vaccines have been established; several plant-produced vaccines have been through Phase I clinical trials in humans and more are scheduled; regulatory requirements are more clear than ever, and more facilities exist for manufacture of clinic-grade materials. The original concept of cheap edible vaccines has given way to a realisation that formulated products are required, which may well be injectable. The technology has proven its worth as a means of cheap, easily scalable production of materials: it now needs to find its niche in competition with established technologies. The realised achievements in the field as well as promising new developments will be reviewed, such as rapid-response vaccines for emerging viruses with pandemic potential and bioterror agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Rybicki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa. ed.rybicki@ uct.ac.za
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Colson P, Richet H, Desnues C, Balique F, Moal V, Grob JJ, Berbis P, Lecoq H, Harlé JR, Berland Y, Raoult D. Pepper mild mottle virus, a plant virus associated with specific immune responses, Fever, abdominal pains, and pruritus in humans. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10041. [PMID: 20386604 PMCID: PMC2850318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, metagenomic studies have identified viable Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), a plant virus, in the stool of healthy subjects. However, its source and role as pathogen have not been determined. METHODS AND FINDINGS 21 commercialized food products containing peppers, 357 stool samples from 304 adults and 208 stool samples from 137 children were tested for PMMoV using real-time PCR, sequencing, and electron microscopy. Anti-PMMoV IgM antibody testing was concurrently performed. A case-control study tested the association of biological and clinical symptoms with the presence of PMMoV in the stool. Twelve (57%) food products were positive for PMMoV RNA sequencing. Stool samples from twenty-two (7.2%) adults and one child (0.7%) were positive for PMMoV by real-time PCR. Positive cases were significantly more likely to have been sampled in Dermatology Units (p<10(-6)), to be seropositive for anti-PMMoV IgM antibodies (p = 0.026) and to be patients who exhibited fever, abdominal pains, and pruritus (p = 0.045, 0.038 and 0.046, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a local source of PMMoV and linked the presence of PMMoV RNA in stool with a specific immune response and clinical symptoms. Although clinical symptoms may be imputable to another cofactor, including spicy food, our data suggest the possibility of a direct or indirect pathogenic role of plant viruses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Colson
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 6236 – Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 3R198, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Richet
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 6236 – Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 3R198, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Desnues
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 6236 – Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 3R198, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Balique
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 6236 – Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 3R198, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche (UR) 407, Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Montfavet, France
| | - Valérie Moal
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Grob
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Berbis
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Lecoq
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche (UR) 407, Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Montfavet, France
| | - Jean-Robert Harlé
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Yvon Berland
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 6236 – Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 3R198, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Expression of human cytomegalovirus pp150 gene in transgenic Vicia faba L. and immunogenicity of pp150 protein in mice. Biologicals 2010; 38:265-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zhang H, Liu M, Li Y, Zhao Y, He H, Yang G, Zheng C. Oral immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice of a carrot-derived vaccine candidate expressing UreB subunit against Helicobacter pylori. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 69:127-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Tiwari S, Mishra DK, Roy S, Singh A, Singh PK, Tuli R. High level expression of a functionally active cholera toxin B: rabies glycoprotein fusion protein in tobacco seeds. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2009; 28:1827-36. [PMID: 19820945 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-009-0782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic DNA construct containing cholera toxin B subunit, genetically fused to the surface glycoprotein of rabies virus was expressed in tobacco plants from a seed specific (legumin) promoter. Seed specific expression was monitored by real-time PCR, GM1-ELISA and Western blot analyses. The fusion protein accumulated in tobacco seeds at up to 1.22% of the total seed protein. It was functionally active in binding to the GM1-ganglioside receptors, suggesting its assembly into pentamers in seeds of the transgenic plants. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that the approximately 80.6 kDa monomeric fusion polypeptide was expressed in tobacco seeds and accumulated as an approximately 403 kDa pentamer. Evaluation of its immunoprotective ability against rabies and cholera is to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Tiwari
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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Abstract
Plant-derived biologicals for use in animal health are becoming an increasingly important target for research into alternative, improved methods for disease control. Although there are no commercial products on the market yet, the development and testing of oral, plant-based vaccines is now beyond the proof-of-principle stage. Vaccines, such as those developed for porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, have the potential to stimulate both mucosal and systemic, as well as, lactogenic immunity as has already been seen in target animal trials. Plants are a promising production system, but they must compete with existing vaccines and protein production platforms. In addition, regulatory hurdles will need to be overcome, and industry and public acceptance of the technology are important in establishing successful products.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Hammond
- USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Rm.252, Bldg. 011, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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38
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Rojas-Anaya E, Loza-Rubio E, Olivera-Flores MT, Gomez-Lim M. Expression of rabies virus G protein in carrots (Daucus carota). Transgenic Res 2009; 18:911-9. [PMID: 19479338 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antigens derived from various pathogens can readily be synthesized at high levels in plants in their authentic forms. Such antigens administered orally can induce an immune response and, in some cases, result in protection against a subsequent challenge. We here report the expression of rabies virus G protein into carrots. The G gene was subcloned into the pUCpSSrabG vector and then used to transform carrot embryogenic cells by particle bombardment. The carrot cells were selected in liquid medium, a method previously unreported. The presence of the transgene was verified by PCR, and by RT-PCR. By western blot, G protein transgene was identified in 93.3% of adult carrot roots. The G protein was quantified by densitometric analysis (range 0.4-1.2%). The expressed protein was antigenic in mice. This confirms that the carrot is an adequate system for antigen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Rojas-Anaya
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, México DF
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39
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Tiwari S, Verma PC, Singh PK, Tuli R. Plants as bioreactors for the production of vaccine antigens. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:449-67. [PMID: 19356740 PMCID: PMC7126855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants have been identified as promising expression systems for commercial production of vaccine antigens. In phase I clinical trials several plant-derived vaccine antigens have been found to be safe and induce sufficiently high immune response. Thus, transgenic plants, including edible plant parts are suggested as excellent alternatives for the production of vaccines and economic scale-up through cultivation. Improved understanding of plant molecular biology and consequent refinement in the genetic engineering techniques have led to designing approaches for high level expression of vaccine antigens in plants. During the last decade, several efficient plant-based expression systems have been examined and more than 100 recombinant proteins including plant-derived vaccine antigens have been expressed in different plant tissues. Estimates suggest that it may become possible to obtain antigen sufficient for vaccinating millions of individuals from one acre crop by expressing the antigen in seeds of an edible legume, like peanut or soybean. In the near future, a plethora of protein products, developed through ‘naturalized bioreactors’ may reach market. Efforts for further improvements in these technologies need to be directed mainly towards validation and applicability of plant-based standardized mucosal and edible vaccines, regulatory pharmacology, formulations and the development of commercially viable GLP protocols. This article reviews the current status of developments in the area of use of plants for the development of vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rakesh Tuli
- Corresponding author. National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001 (U.P.) India. Tel.: +91 522 2205848; fax: +91 522 2205839.
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40
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Escribano JM, Perez-Filgueira DM. Strategies for improving vaccine antigens expression in transgenic plants: fusion to carrier sequences. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 483:275-287. [PMID: 19183905 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-407-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plants are gaining increasing attention from the industry as a natural bioreactor for the production of industrial and chemical products. Optimization of transgene expression in plant cells holds the key to maximizing the potential of plants for producing proteins of commercial interest. This chapter is devoted to the description of the methods utilized for the generation of transgenic plants expressing a canine parvovirus vaccine peptide or virus-like particles from a rabbit calicivirus.
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Abstract
Vaccines consisting of transgenic plant-derived antigens offer a new strategy for development of safe, inexpensive vaccines. The vaccine antigens can be eaten with the edible part of the plant or purified from plant material. In phase 1 clinical studies of prototype potato- and corn-based vaccines, these vaccines have been safe and immunogenic without the need for a buffer or vehicle other than the plant cell. Transgenic plant technology is attractive for vaccine development because these vaccines are needle-less, stable, and easy to administer. This chapter examines some early human studies of oral transgenic plant-derived vaccines against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection, norovirus, and hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Karasev
- grid.266456.50000000122849900Department of Plant, Soil & Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339 USA
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42
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Perea Arango I, Loza Rubio E, Rojas Anaya E, Olivera Flores T, Gonzalez de la Vara L, Gómez Lim MA. Expression of the rabies virus nucleoprotein in plants at high-levels and evaluation of immune responses in mice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:677-85. [PMID: 18270708 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plants have been employed successfully as a low-cost system for the production of therapeutically valuable proteins including antibodies, antigens and hormones. Here, we report expression of a full-length nucleoprotein gene of rabies virus in transgenic tomato plants. The nucleoprotein was also transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by agroinfiltration. In both cases, the nucleoprotein was expressed at high levels, 1-5% of total soluble protein in tomato and 45% in N. benthamiana. Previously, only epitopes of the nucleoprotein had been expressed in plants. The presence and expression of the transgene was verified by PCR, Southern, northern and western blots. Mice were immunized both intraperitoneally (i.p.) and orally with tomato protein extracts containing the N protein induced the production of antibodies. The antibody titer of mice immunized i.p., was at least four times higher than that of mice immunized orally. These results were reflected in the challenge experiments where i.p.-immunized mice were partially protected against a peripheral virus challenge whereas orally immunized mice were not. This protection was comparable to that obtained in previous experiments employing different expression systems. Work is in progress to express both G and N proteins in transgenic plants and evaluate protection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Perea Arango
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Yoneda A, Tuchiya K, Takashima Y, Arakawa T, Tsuji N, Hayashi Y, Matsumoto Y. Protection of mice from rabies by intranasal immunization with inactivated rabies virus. Exp Anim 2008; 57:1-9. [PMID: 18256513 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.57.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immunization method is a needle-free alternative way of vaccination. This study evaluated the efficacy of mucosal immunization for rabies. Mice were intranasally administered five times with inactivated and concentrated rabies virus antigen (CRV) supplemented with or without cholera toxin (CT). The anti-rabies virus antibody titer of mice intranasally immunized with CRV plus CT (CRV/CT) was comparable to that of mice intraperitoneally immunized twice with the same amount of CRV. Virus neutralizing (VNA) titers of mice immunized intranasally with CRV/CT were slightly lower than those of intraperitoneally immunized mice. Both anti-rabies virus ELISA antibody and VNA titers of mice immunized with CRV without CT were significantly lower than those of mice immunized with CRV/CT. In mice intranasally immunized with CRV/CT, and intraperitoneally immunized mice, high levels of IgG(2a) antibody were detected, suggesting the activation of Th1-driven cellular immunity by the two ways of immunization. All immunized mice were challenged intracerebrally with a lethal dose of virulent rabies virus CVS strain. The survival rates of mice immunized with CRV/CT and CRV without CT were 67% and 17%, respectively, while the rate of intraperitoneally immunized mice was 100%. Antigen-specific whole IgG and IgG(2a), and VNA titers of survived mice were significantly higher than those of dead mice at the challenge day. These data suggest the possibility of intranasal immunization with inactivated antigen as a rabies vaccination strategy and the importance of a mucosal adjuvant such as CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yoneda
- Department of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Rabies vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3611-1.50031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
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45
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Joensuu JJ, Niklander-Teeri V, Brandle JE. Transgenic plants for animal health: plant-made vaccine antigens for animal infectious disease control. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2008; 7:553-577. [PMID: 32214922 PMCID: PMC7089046 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-008-9088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A variety of plant species have been genetically modified to accumulate vaccine antigens for human and animal health and the first vaccine candidates are approaching the market. The regulatory burden for animal vaccines is less than that for human use and this has attracted the attention of researchers and companies, and investment in plant-made vaccines for animal infectious disease control is increasing. The dosage cost of vaccines for animal infectious diseases must be kept to a minimum, especially for non-lethal diseases that diminish animal welfare and growth, so efficient and economic production, storage and delivery are critical for commercialization. It has become clear that transgenic plants are an economic and efficient alternative to fermentation for large-scale production of vaccine antigens. The oral delivery of plant-made vaccines is particularly attractive since the expensive purification step can be avoided further reducing the cost per dose. This review covers the current status of plant-produced vaccines for the prevention of disease in animals and focuses on barriers to the development of such products and methods to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Joensuu
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON Canada N5V 4T3
| | - V. Niklander-Teeri
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. E. Brandle
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON Canada N5V 4T3
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Lal P, Ramachandran VG, Goyal R, Sharma R. EDIBLE VACCINES: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Rice J, Ainley WM, Shewen P. Plant-made vaccines: biotechnology and immunology in animal health. Anim Health Res Rev 2007; 6:199-209. [PMID: 16583782 DOI: 10.1079/ahr2005110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe use of plants as production systems for vaccine antigens has been actively investigated over the last 15 years. The original research focused on the value of this expression system for oral delivery based on the hypothesis that plant-expressed antigens would be more stable within the digestive tract and would allow for the use of the oral route of administration to stimulate a mucosal immune response. However, while first conceived for utility via the oral route, plant-made antigens have also been studied as classical immunogens delivered via a needle to model animal systems. Antigens have been expressed in a number of whole plant and cell culture systems. Several alternative expression platforms have been developed to increase expression of antigens or to elicit preferred immunological responses. The biotechnological advances in plant expression and the immunological testing of these antigens will be reviewed in this paper focusing primarily on diseases of livestock and companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rice
- Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA.
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48
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Tacket CO. Plant-based vaccines against diarrheal diseases. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2007; 118:79-87. [PMID: 18528491 PMCID: PMC1863586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Every year 1.6 million deaths occur due to diarrhea related to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation-the vast majority in children under 5 years old. Safe and effective vaccines against enteric infections could contribute to control of these diseases. However, purification of protective antigens for inclusion in vaccines using traditional expression systems is expensive and unattractive to vaccine manufacturers who see the vaccine market as economically uninviting. Cost is one of the persistent barriers to deployment of new vaccines to populations that need them most urgently. Transgenic plant-derived vaccines offer a new strategy for development of safe, inexpensive vaccines against diarrheal diseases. In phase 1 clinical studies, these vaccines have been safe and immunogenic without the need for a buffer or vehicle other than the plant cell. This paper describes early clinical studies evaluating oral transgenic plant vaccines against enteric infections such as enterotoxigenic E. coli infection and norovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol O Tacket
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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49
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Lee KY, Kim DH, Kang TJ, Kim J, Chung GH, Yoo HS, Arntzen CJ, Yang MS, Jang YS. Induction of protective immune responses against the challenge of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by the oral administration of transgenic tobacco plant expressing ApxIIA toxin from the bacteria. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2006; 48:381-9. [PMID: 17054716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Among the virulence factors, ApxIIA, a bacterial exotoxin, is reportedly expressed in many serotypes and is considered as a candidate for the development of a vaccine against the bacterial infection. Previously, we isolated a field strain of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in Korea and characterized its exotoxins to develop an oral vaccine. In this study, we initially confirmed the immunogenicity of ApxIIA expressed in Escherichia coli. We then developed transgenic tobacco expressing ApxIIA and tested its efficacy to induce a protective immune response against A. pleuropneumoniae infection after oral administration of the plant powder. We observed that protective immune responses were induced in mice after oral administration of the plant powder once a week for 4 weeks. Immunoassays revealed that the levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G against ApxIIA increased in mice that were fed a powder made from the transgenic plant, but not in mice fed a powder made from wild-type tobacco. Additionally, mice fed the transgenic plant powder were protected from an injection of a lethal dose of A. pleuropneumoniae. These results support that the transgenic plant may be a suitable candidate for an oral vaccine that could be used effectively against A. pleuropneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Yeol Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Korea
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50
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Cross ML, Buddle BM, Aldwell FE. The potential of oral vaccines for disease control in wildlife species. Vet J 2006; 174:472-80. [PMID: 17113798 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous infectious diseases caused by bacteria or viruses persist in developed and developing countries due to ongoing transmission among wildlife reservoir species. Such diseases become the target of control and management programmes in cases where they represent a threat to public health (for example rabies, sylvatic plague, Lyme disease), or livestock production (for example bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, pseudorabies), or where they threaten the survival of endangered animal populations. In the majority of cases, lethal control operations are neither economically feasible nor publicly supported as a practical means for disease management. Prophylactic vaccination has emerged over the last 15 years as an alternative control strategy for wildlife diseases, mainly driven by the success of widescale oral rabies vaccination programmes for meso-carnivores in North America and Northern Europe. Different methods have been trialled for the effective delivery of wildlife vaccines in the field, however oral vaccination remains the most widely used approach. Successful implementation of an oral wildlife vaccine is dependent on a combination of three components: an efficacious immunogen, a suitable delivery vehicle, and a species-specific bait. This review outlines the major wildlife disease problems for which oral vaccination is currently under consideration as a disease management tool, and also focuses on the technological challenges that face wildlife vaccine development. The major conclusion is that attenuated or recombinant live microbes represent the most widely-used vaccines that can be delivered by the oral route; this in turn places major emphasis on effective delivery systems (to maintain vaccine viability), and on selective baiting systems, as the keys to wildlife vaccine success. Oral vaccination is a valuable adjunct or alternative strategy to culling for the control of diseases which persist in wildlife reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Cross
- Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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