1
|
Ampofo E, Pack M, Wrublewsky S, Boewe AS, Spigelman AF, Koch H, MacDonald PE, Laschke MW, Montenarh M, Götz C. CK2 activity is crucial for proper glucagon expression. Diabetologia 2024; 67:1368-1385. [PMID: 38503901 PMCID: PMC11153270 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Protein kinase CK2 acts as a negative regulator of insulin expression in pancreatic beta cells. This action is mainly mediated by phosphorylation of the transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox protein 1 (PDX1). In pancreatic alpha cells, PDX1 acts in a reciprocal fashion on glucagon (GCG) expression. Therefore, we hypothesised that CK2 might positively regulate GCG expression in pancreatic alpha cells. METHODS We suppressed CK2 kinase activity in αTC1 cells by two pharmacological inhibitors and by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Subsequently, we analysed GCG expression and secretion by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, luciferase assay, ELISA and DNA pull-down assays. We additionally studied paracrine effects on GCG secretion in pseudoislets, isolated murine islets and human islets. In vivo, we examined the effect of CK2 inhibition on blood glucose levels by systemic and alpha cell-specific CK2 inhibition. RESULTS We found that CK2 downregulation reduces GCG secretion in the murine alpha cell line αTC1 (e.g. from 1094±124 ng/l to 459±110 ng/l) by the use of the CK2-inhibitor SGC-CK2-1. This was due to a marked decrease in Gcg gene expression through alteration of the binding of paired box protein 6 (PAX6) and transcription factor MafB to the Gcg promoter. The analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that both transcription factors are displaced by PDX1. Ex vivo experiments in isolated murine islets and pseudoislets further demonstrated that CK2-mediated reduction in GCG secretion was only slightly affected by the higher insulin secretion after CK2 inhibition. The kidney capsule transplantation model showed the significance of CK2 for GCG expression and secretion in vivo. Finally, CK2 downregulation also reduced the GCG secretion in islets isolated from humans. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These novel findings not only indicate an important function of protein kinase CK2 for proper GCG expression but also demonstrate that CK2 may be a promising target for the development of novel glucose-lowering drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Pack
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Selina Wrublewsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anne S Boewe
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hanna Koch
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Montenarh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsujisaka Y, Hatani T, Okubo C, Ito R, Kimura A, Narita M, Chonabayashi K, Funakoshi S, Lucena-Cacace A, Toyoda T, Osafune K, Kimura T, Saito H, Yoshida Y. Purification of human iPSC-derived cells at large scale using microRNA switch and magnetic-activated cell sorting. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1772-1785. [PMID: 35688152 PMCID: PMC9287667 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For regenerative cell therapies using pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived cells, large quantities of purified cells are required. Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) is a powerful approach to collect target antigen-positive cells; however, it remains a challenge to purify various cell types efficiently at large scale without using antibodies specific to the desired cell type. Here we develop a technology that combines microRNA (miRNA)-responsive mRNA switch (miR-switch) with MACS (miR-switch-MACS) to purify large amounts of PSC-derived cells rapidly and effectively. We designed miR-switches that detect specific miRNAs expressed in target cells and controlled the translation of a CD4-coding transgene as a selection marker for MACS. For the large-scale purification of induced PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), we transferred miR-208a-CD4 switch-MACS and obtained purified iPSC-CMs efficiently. Moreover, miR-375-CD4 switch-MACS highly purified pancreatic insulin-producing cells and their progenitors expressing Chromogranin A. Overall, the miR-switch-MACS method can efficiently purify target PSC-derived cells for cell replacement therapy. MiR-208a-CD4 switch-MACS can purify a large amount of iPSC-CMs in a short time MiR-208a switch can purify iPSC-CMs in each subtype-specific protocol MiR-375-CD4 switch-MACS can be applied to pancreatic endocrine precursor cells MiR-switch-MACS method can be efficient for large-scale target cell purification
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsujisaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatani
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chikako Okubo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryo Ito
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Azuma Kimura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Megumi Narita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Chonabayashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hirohide Saito
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa 251-0012, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Molecular Mechanism of Pancreatic β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040818. [PMID: 35453568 PMCID: PMC9030375 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Various important transcription factors in the pancreas are involved in the process of pancreas development, the differentiation of endocrine progenitor cells into mature insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells and the preservation of mature β-cell function. However, when β-cells are continuously exposed to a high glucose concentration for a long period of time, the expression levels of several insulin gene transcription factors are substantially suppressed, which finally leads to pancreatic β-cell failure found in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here we show the possible underlying pathway for β-cell failure. It is likely that reduced expression levels of MafA and PDX-1 and/or incretin receptor in β-cells are closely associated with β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, since incretin receptor expression is reduced in the advanced stage of diabetes mellitus, incretin-based medicines show more favorable effects against β-cell failure, especially in the early stage of diabetes mellitus compared to the advanced stage. On the other hand, many subjects have recently suffered from life-threatening coronavirus infection, and coronavirus infection has brought about a new and persistent pandemic. Additionally, the spread of coronavirus infection has led to various limitations on the activities of daily life and has restricted economic development worldwide. It has been reported recently that SARS-CoV-2 directly infects β-cells through neuropilin-1, leading to apoptotic β-cell death and a reduction in insulin secretion. In this review article, we feature a possible molecular mechanism for pancreatic β-cell failure, which is often observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Finally, we are hopeful that coronavirus infection will decline and normal daily life will soon resume all over the world.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mechanistic Investigation of GHS-R Mediated Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Islets. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030407. [PMID: 35327599 PMCID: PMC8945998 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin receptor, a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), is expressed in the pancreas. Emerging evidence indicates that GHS-R is involved in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but the mechanism by which GHS-R regulates GSIS in the pancreas is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of GHS-R on GSIS in detail using global Ghsr−/− mice (in vivo) and Ghsr-ablated pancreatic islets (ex vivo). GSIS was attenuated in both Ghsr−/− mice and Ghsr-ablated islets, while the islet morphology was similar between WT and Ghsr−/− mice. To elucidate the mechanism underpinning Ghsr-mediated GSIS, we investigated the key steps of the GSIS signaling cascade. The gene expression of glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) and the glucose-metabolic intermediate—glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) were reduced in Ghsr-ablated islets, supporting decreased glucose uptake. There was no difference in mitochondrial DNA content in the islets of WT and Ghsr−/− mice, but the ATP/ADP ratio in Ghsr−/− islets was significantly lower than that of WT islets. Moreover, the expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), as well as insulin signaling genes of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS1/IRS2), was downregulated in Ghsr−/− islets. Akt is the key mediator of the insulin signaling cascade. Concurrently, Akt phosphorylation was reduced in the pancreas of Ghsr−/− mice under both insulin-stimulated and homeostatic conditions. These findings demonstrate that GHS-R ablation affects key components of the insulin signaling pathway in the pancreas, suggesting the existence of a cross-talk between GHS-R and the insulin signaling pathway in pancreatic islets, and GHS-R likely regulates GSIS via the Akt-Pdx1-GLUT2 pathway.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wassmer CH, Lebreton F, Bellofatto K, Perez L, Cottet-Dumoulin D, Andres A, Bosco D, Berney T, Othenin-Girard V, Martinez De Tejada B, Cohen M, Olgasi C, Follenzi A, Berishvili E. Bio-Engineering of Pre-Vascularized Islet Organoids for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10214. [PMID: 35185372 PMCID: PMC8842259 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2021.10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lack of rapid revascularization and inflammatory attacks at the site of transplantation contribute to impaired islet engraftment and suboptimal metabolic control after clinical islet transplantation. In order to overcome these limitations and enhance engraftment and revascularization, we have generated and transplanted pre-vascularized insulin-secreting organoids composed of rat islet cells, human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our study demonstrates that pre-vascularized islet organoids exhibit enhanced in vitro function compared to native islets, and, most importantly, better engraftment and improved vascularization in vivo in a murine model. This is mainly due to cross-talk between hAECs, HUVECs and islet cells, mediated by the upregulation of genes promoting angiogenesis (vegf-a) and β cell function (glp-1r, pdx1). The possibility of adding a selected source of endothelial cells for the neo-vascularization of insulin-scereting grafts may also allow implementation of β cell replacement therapies in more favourable transplantation sites than the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henri Wassmer
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Lebreton
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Perez
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Cottet-Dumoulin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Andres
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Othenin-Girard
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Begoña Martinez De Tejada
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christina Olgasi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical and Public Health Research, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- *Correspondence: Ekaterine Berishvili,
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu QR, Zhu M, Zhang P, Mazucanti CH, Huang NS, Lang DL, Chen Q, Auluck P, Marenco S, O'Connell JF, Ferrucci L, Chia CW, Egan JM. Novel Human Insulin Isoforms and Cα-Peptide Product in Islets of Langerhans and Choroid Plexus. Diabetes 2021; 70:2947-2956. [PMID: 34649926 PMCID: PMC8660980 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human insulin (INS) gene diverged from the ancestral genes of invertebrate and mammalian species millions of years ago. We previously found that mouse insulin gene (Ins2) isoforms are expressed in brain choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium cells, where insulin secretion is regulated by serotonin and not by glucose. We further compared human INS isoform expression in postmortem ChP and islets of Langerhans. We uncovered novel INS upstream open reading frame isoforms and their protein products. In addition, we found a novel alternatively spliced isoform that translates to a 74-amino acid (AA) proinsulin containing a shorter 19-AA C-peptide sequence, herein designated Cα-peptide. The middle portion of the conventional C-peptide contains β-sheet (GQVEL) and hairpin (GGGPG) motifs that are not present in Cα-peptide. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is not expressed in ChP, and its amyloid formation was inhibited in vitro more efficiently by Cα-peptide than by C-peptide. Of clinical relevance, the ratio of the 74-AA proinsulin to proconvertase-processed Cα-peptide was significantly increased in islets from type 2 diabetes mellitus autopsy donors. Intriguingly, 100 years after the discovery of insulin, we found that INS isoforms are present in ChP from insulin-deficient autopsy donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Rong Liu
- Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Min Zhu
- Longitudinal Study Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Longitudinal Study Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Caio H Mazucanti
- Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas S Huang
- Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Doyle L Lang
- Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pavan Auluck
- Human Brain Collection Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stefano Marenco
- Human Brain Collection Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Study Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chee W Chia
- Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang DW, Chen T, Li JX, Wang HG, Huang ZW, Lv H. Circ_0134944 inhibits osteogenesis through miR-127-5p/PDX1/SPHK1 pathway. Regen Ther 2021; 18:391-400. [PMID: 34722835 PMCID: PMC8531758 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis, a common skeletal disorder mainly affecting postmenopausal women, is characterized by the imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Circ_0134944 has been recently found to be upregulated in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) patients. However, its role in osteogenesis remains unknown. Here we aimed to explore the role of circ_0134944 in osteogenesis and reveal the underlying mechanism. Methods qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of circ_0134944, miR-127-5p, PDX1 and SPHK1 in the blood mononuclear cells (BMCs) of PMOP patients. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were used as the cellular model. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to determine the expression of osteogenesis-related genes (Runx2, OPN, OCN). ALP and Alizarin Red S staining were performed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. The interactions between circ_0134944 and miR-127-5p, miR-127-5p and PDX1, PDX1 and SPHK1 were determined by dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP assay. Results Circ_0134944, PDX1 and SPHK1 were upregulated while miR-127-5p was downregulated in PMOP patients. Enhanced expression of circ_0134944 suppressed osteogenesis, which was then reversed by miR-127-5p overexpression. The binding between circ_0134944 and miR-127-5p, PDX1 and miR-127-5p were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, PDX1 was enriched in the promoter region of SPHK1, and SPHK1 overexpression prevented the promotion of osteogenesis induced by miR-127-5p overexpression. Conclusions Taken together, these results demonstrate that circ_0134944 inhibit osteogenesis via miR-127-5p/PDX1/SPHK1 axis. Thus, the present study offered evidence that circ_0134944/miR-127-5p/PDX1/SPHK1 axis could be a potential therapeutic target for PMOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, PR China
| | - Jin-Xiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, PR China
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, PR China
| | - Zong-Wen Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, PR China
| | - Hai Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Venezia O, Islam S, Cho C, Timme-Laragy AR, Sant KE. Modulation of PPAR signaling disrupts pancreas development in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115653. [PMID: 34302850 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors that regulate processes such as lipid and glucose metabolism. Synthetic PPAR ligands, designed as therapeutics for metabolic disease, provide a tool to assess the relationship between PPAR activity and pancreas development in vivo, an area that remains poorly characterized. Here, we aim to assess the effects of PPAR agonists and antagonists on gene expression, embryonic morphology and pancreas development in transgenic zebrafish embryos. To evaluate developmental perturbations, we assessed gross body and pancreas morphology at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) in response to developmental exposures with PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ agonists and antagonists at 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM concentrations. All ligand exposures, with the exception of the PPARα agonist, resulted in significantly altered fish length and yolk sac area. PPARγ agonist and antagonist had higher incidence of darkened yolk sac and craniofacial deformities, whereas PPARα antagonist had higher incidence of pericardial edema and death. Significantly reduced endocrine pancreas area was observed in both PPARγ ligands and PPARα agonist exposed embryos, some of which also exhibited aberrant endocrine pancreas morphology. Both PPARβ/δ ligands caused reduced exocrine pancreas length and novel aberrant phenotype, and disrupted gene expression of pancreatic targets pdx1, gcga, and try. Lipid staining was performed at 8 dpf and revealed altered lipid accumulation consistent with isoform function. These data indicate chronic exposure to synthetic ligands may induce morphological and pancreatic defects in zebrafish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Venezia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Sadia Islam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Christine Cho
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Karilyn E Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Garry DJ, Garry MG. Interspecies chimeras as a platform for exogenic organ production and transplantation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1838-1844. [PMID: 34165344 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211024948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are warranted. Here, we provide a brief review outlining the rationale and feasibility for the generation of intraspecies and interspecies chimeras, which one day may serve as a platform for organ transplantation. These strategies are further associated with consideration of scientific and ethical issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,NorthStar Genomics, LLC, Eagan, MN 55122, USA
| | - Mary G Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,NorthStar Genomics, LLC, Eagan, MN 55122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Goenka V, Borkar T, Desai A, Das RK. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in treating both types of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1979-1993. [PMID: 33520872 PMCID: PMC7843693 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common lifestyle disease which can be classified into type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. While both result in hyperglycemia due to lack of insulin action and further associated chronic ailments, there is a marked distinction in the cause for each type due to which both require a different prophylaxis. As observed, type 1 diabetes is caused due to the autoimmune action of the body resulting in the destruction of pancreatic islet cells. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is caused either due to insulin resistance of target cells or lack of insulin production as per physiological requirements. Attempts to cure the disease have been made by bringing drastic changes in the patients' lifestyle; parenteral administration of insulin; prescription of drugs such as biguanides, meglitinides, and amylin; pancreatic transplantation; and immunotherapy. While these attempts cause a certain degree of relief to the patient, none of these can cure diabetes mellitus. However, a new treatment strategy led by the discovery of mesenchymal stem cells and their unique immunomodulatory and multipotent properties has inspired therapies to treat diabetes by essentially reversing the conditions causing the disease. The current review aims to enumerate the role of various mesenchymal stem cells and the different approaches to treat both types of diabetes and its associated diseases as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidul Goenka
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Tanhai Borkar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Aska Desai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Raunak Kumar Das
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang H, Pan Y, Teng Y, Yuan S, Wu X, Yang H, Zhou P. A proteoglycan extract from Ganoderma Lucidum protects pancreatic beta-cells against STZ-induced apoptosis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2491-2498. [PMID: 32799731 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1805718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The pancreatic β-cell death or dysfunction induced by oxidative stress plays an important effect on the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. Based on our previous findings, a natural proteoglycan extracted from Ganoderma Lucidum, named FYGL, could treat T2DM in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effects of FYGL on STZ-induced apoptosis of INS-1 cells and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that FYGL significantly improved the cell viability and alleviated the apoptosis in STZ-treated INS-1 cells. Moreover, FYGL markedly decreased the intracellular ROS accumulation and NO release, and deactivated NF-κB, JNK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in STZ-induced INS-1 cells. Furthermore, FYGL improved the insulin secretion through inhibiting the activation of JNK and improving the expression of Pdx-1 in INS-1 cells damaged by STZ. These results indicated that FYGL could protect pancreatic β-cells against apoptosis and dysfunction, and be used as a promising pharmacological medicine for diabetes management. Abbreviations: T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; FYGL: Fudan-Yueyang G. lucidum; ROS: reactive oxygen species; NO: reactive oxygen species; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa beta; JNK: c-jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; Pdx-1: Pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanna Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sawangmake C, Rodprasert W, Osathanon T, Pavasant P. Integrative protocols for an in vitro generation of pancreatic progenitors from human dental pulp stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:222-229. [PMID: 32828290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Efficiency of the induction protocol is crucial for the generation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Here, we established the integrative induction protocol by merging genetic manipulation technique with our previous published 3-step induction protocol aiming to enhance the pancreatic progenitor commitment and production yield. We found that the overexpression of PDX1 following with 3-step induction protocol were able to generate the 3-dimensional (3D) colony structure of pancreatic progenitors (PPs) with the beneficial trends of pancreatic endoderm commitment and production yield, while other protocols using the prolong maintenance of PDX1-overexpressed hDPSCs and the PDX1 overexpression after definitive endoderm induction were unable to generate and sustain the 3D structure of the colonies. Further Notch signaling manipulation by DAPT treatment showed lesser degree of positive effects on progenitor commitment and production yield. Although the generated PPs from the integrative protocol expressed pancreatic mRNA markers along with pro-insulin and insulin proteins, they still contained the defective glucose-responsive C-peptide secretion. Only basal secreted C-peptide level was observed. In summary, the integrative induction protocol potentially enhanced the PP generation with high colony production yield and could serve as an efficient platform for further hDPSC-derived IPC production and maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenphop Sawangmake
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Veterinary Clinical Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Watchareewan Rodprasert
- Veterinary Clinical Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Department of Anatomy, Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alhaidan Y, Christesen HT, Højlund K, Al Balwi MA, Brusgaard K. A novel gene in early childhood diabetes: EDEM2 silencing decreases SLC2A2 and PXD1 expression, leading to impaired insulin secretion. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:1253-1262. [PMID: 32556999 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic diabetes is a rare type of diabetes resulting from mutations in a single gene. To date, most cases remain genetically unexplained, posing a challenge for accurate diabetes treatment, which leads to on a molecular diagnosis. Therefore, a trio exome scan was performed in a lean, nonsyndromic Caucasian girl with diabetes onset at 2½ years who was negative for autoantibodies. The lean father had diabetes from age 11 years. A novel heterozygous mutation in EDEM2, c.1271G > A; p.Arg424His, was found in the proband and father. Downregulation of Edem2 in rat RIN-m β-cells resulted in a decrease in insulin genes Ins1 to 67.9% (p = 0.006) and Ins2 to 16.8% (p < 0.001) and reduced insulin secretion by 60.4% (p = 0.0003). Real-time PCR revealed a major disruption of endocrine pancreas-specific genes, including Glut2 and Pxd1, with mRNA suppression to 54% (p < 0.001) and 85.7% (p = 0.01), respectively. No other expression changes related to stress or apoptotic genes were observed. Extended clinical follow-up involving ten family members showed that two healthy individuals carried the same mutation with no sign of diabetes in the clinical screen except for a slight increase in IA-2 antibody in one of them, suggesting incomplete penetrance. In conclusion, we describe EDEM2 as a likely/potential novel diabetes gene, in which inhibition in vitro reduces the expression of β-cell genes involved in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) pathway, leading to an overall suppression of insulin secretion but not apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazeid Alhaidan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Windsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Department of Medical Genomics Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia. .,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Henrik Thybo Christesen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Odense Pancreases Center, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mohammed A Al Balwi
- Department of Medical Genomics Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Klaus Brusgaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Windsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thakur G, Lee HJ, Jeon RH, Lee SL, Rho GJ. Small Molecule-Induced Pancreatic β-Like Cell Development: Mechanistic Approaches and Available Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2388. [PMID: 32235681 PMCID: PMC7178115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease which affects not only glucose metabolism but also lipid and protein metabolism. It encompasses two major types: type 1 and 2 diabetes. Despite the different etiologies of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM, respectively), the defining features of the two forms are insulin deficiency and resistance, respectively. Stem cell therapy is an efficient method for the treatment of diabetes, which can be achieved by differentiating pancreatic β-like cells. The consistent generation of glucose-responsive insulin releasing cells remains challenging. In this review article, we present basic concepts of pancreatic organogenesis, which intermittently provides a basis for engineering differentiation procedures, mainly based on the use of small molecules. Small molecules are more auspicious than any other growth factors, as they have unique, valuable properties like cell-permeability, as well as a nonimmunogenic nature; furthermore, they offer immense benefits in terms of generating efficient functional beta-like cells. We also summarize advances in the generation of stem cell-derived pancreatic cell lineages, especially endocrine β-like cells or islet organoids. The successful induction of stem cells depends on the quantity and quality of available stem cells and the efficient use of small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gitika Thakur
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Ryoung-Hoon Jeon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aghaei M, Khodadadian A, Elham KN, Nazari M, Babakhanzadeh E. Major miRNA Involved in Insulin Secretion and Production in Beta-Cells. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:89-97. [PMID: 32210605 PMCID: PMC7071856 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s249011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is implicated as a leading factor in glucose homeostasis and an important theme in diabetes mellitus (DM). Numerous proteins are involved in insulin signaling pathway and their dysregulation contributes to DM. microRNAs (miRNAs) as single-strand molecules have a critical effect on gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Intensive investigation done by DM researchers disclosed that miRNAs have a significant role in insulin secretion by direct targeting numerous proteins engaged in insulin signaling pathway; so, their dysregulation contributes to DM. In this review, we presented some major miRNAs engaged in the insulin production and secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aghaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Karimi-Nazari Elham
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Nazari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Emad Babakhanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tran R, Moraes C, Hoesli CA. Controlled clustering enhances PDX1 and NKX6.1 expression in pancreatic endoderm cells derived from pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1190. [PMID: 31988329 PMCID: PMC6985188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived insulin-producing cells are a promising cell source for diabetes cellular therapy. However, the efficiency of the multi-step process required to differentiate PSCs towards pancreatic beta cells is variable between cell lines, batches and even within cultures. In adherent pancreatic differentiation protocols, we observed spontaneous local clustering of cells expressing elevated nuclear expression of pancreatic endocrine transcription factors, PDX1 and NKX6.1. Since aggregation has previously been shown to promote downstream differentiation, this local clustering may contribute to the variability in differentiation efficiencies observed within and between cultures. We therefore hypothesized that controlling and directing the spontaneous clustering process would lead to more efficient and consistent induction of pancreatic endocrine fate. Micropatterning cells in adherent microwells prompted clustering, local cell density increases, and increased nuclear accumulation of PDX1 and NKX6.1. Improved differentiation profiles were associated with distinct filamentous actin architectures, suggesting a previously overlooked role for cell-driven morphogenetic changes in supporting pancreatic differentiation. This work demonstrates that confined differentiation in cell-adhesive micropatterns may provide a facile, scalable, and more reproducible manufacturing route to drive morphogenesis and produce well-differentiated pancreatic cell clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Corinne A Hoesli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu W, Jones PM, Geng H, Li R, Liu X, Li Y, Lv Q, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang X, Sun Z, Liang J. Islet Stellate Cells Regulate Insulin Secretion via Wnt5a in Min6 Cells. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:4708132. [PMID: 32184820 PMCID: PMC7060442 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4708132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem worldwide. Accumulating evidence has shown that β-cell dysfunction is an important mechanism underlying diabetes mellitus. The changes in the physiological state of islet stellate cells (ISCs) and the effects of these cells on β-cell dysfunction is an important mechanism underlying diabetes mellitus. The changes in the physiological state of islet stellate cells (ISCs) and the effects of these cells on. METHODS Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from Min6 cells was examined by estimating the insulin levels in response to high glucose challenge after culture with ISC supernatant or exogenous Wnt5a. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses were used to observe changes in the β-cell dysfunction is an important mechanism underlying diabetes mellitus. The changes in the physiological state of islet stellate cells (ISCs) and the effects of these cells on. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in insulin secretion from Min6 cells cocultured in vitro with supernatant from db/m mouse ISCs compared to that from Min6 cells cocultured with supernatant from db/db mouse ISCs; The intracellular Ca2+ concentration in Min6 cells increased in cultured in vitro with supernatant from db/m mouse ISCs and exogenous Wnt5a compared to that from control Min6 cells. Culture of Min6 cells with exogenous Wnt5a caused a significant increase in pCamKII, pFoxO1, PDX-1, and Glut2 levels compared to those in Min6 cells cultured alone; this treatment further decreased Ror2 and Cask expression but did not affect β-cell dysfunction is an important mechanism underlying diabetes mellitus. The changes in the physiological state of islet stellate cells (ISCs) and the effects of these cells on. CONCLUSION ISCs regulate insulin secretion from Min6 cells through the Wnt5a protein-induced Wnt-calcium and FoxO1-PDX1-GLUT2-insulin signalling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter M. Jones
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Houfa Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuekui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinxia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
In Vitro Generation of Glucose-Responsive Insulin-Secreting Cells from PDX1-Overexpressing Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived from Diabetic Patient. ASAIO J 2019; 64:819-826. [PMID: 29210770 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), a member of the homeodomain-containing transcription factor family, is a key transcription factor for pancreas development and mature β-cell function. In this study, induced overexpression of PDX1 resulted in producing susceptible cells for pancreatic differentiation and was well beneficial to enhance β-cell production, maturation, function, and survival. Induced PDX1 overexpression in harmony with a set of signaling molecules involves in guiding the signaling pathways toward pancreas development, leaded to high-efficient in vitro generation of ectopic insulin-producing cells (IPCs) with the effectively reduced number of polyhormonal cells and increased number of insulin (INS) single-positive cells. This strategy yielded 85.61% glucose-responsive insulin-positive cells in vitro, which was seven times higher than the basal level, and electron microscopy images revealed the presence of mature β-cell secretory granules. The generation of glucose-responsive insulin-secreting β-like cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in vitro would provide a promising approach to produce an unprecedented cell source for cell transplantation therapy in diabetes without the ethical obstacle of embryonic stem cells and would bypass immune rejection. These cells are an invaluable source for disease modeling, drug discovery, and pharmacogenomics studies as well.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu L, Liang C, Mei P, Zhu H, Hou M, Yu C, Song Z, Bao Y, Huang Y, Yi J, Wang S, Wu Y, Zheng L, Sun Y, Wang G, Huo M, Yang S, Sun L, Li Y. Dracorhodin perchlorate protects pancreatic β-cells against glucotoxicity- or lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. FEBS J 2019; 286:3718-3736. [PMID: 31349381 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucotoxicity or lipotoxicity leads to hyperglycemia and insulin secretion deficiency, which are important causes for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, the restoration of β-cell function is a long-sought goal in diabetes research. Previous studies have implicated pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 gene (Pdx1) in β-cell function and insulin secretion. In this study, we established a Pdx1 promoter-dependent luciferase system and identified the natural compound dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) as an effective promotor of Pdx1 expression. We further demonstrated that DP could significantly inhibit β-cell apoptosis induced by 33 mm glucose or 200 μm palmitate by interfering with endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial pathways and enhance insulin secretion as well. These effects were associated with enhanced activities of Erk1/2, which in turn promoted Pdx1 expression and increased the ratio of Bcl2/Bax, since inhibition of the Erk1/2 pathway abolished the DP-induced expression of Pdx1 and suppression of apoptosis. In addition, our in vivo results in diabetic mice indicated that DP treatment lowered blood glucose, raised insulin levels, enhanced Pdx1 expression and increased islet size and number in the pancreas of diabetic mice. Our findings suggest that Pdx1 is a potential target molecule of DP in the treatment of T2DM via the inhibition of glucotoxicity- or lipotoxicity- induced β-cell apoptosis and the attenuation of insulin secretion dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Pucheng Mei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Meiling Hou
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongli Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingwen Yi
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxin Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaonian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luguo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Corsa CAS, Pearson GL, Renberg A, Askar MM, Vozheiko T, MacDougald OA, Soleimanpour SA. The E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin is dispensable for metabolic homeostasis in murine pancreatic β cells and adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7296-7307. [PMID: 30877201 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin is a critical regulator of mitophagy and has been identified as a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, its role in metabolically active tissues that precipitate T2D development is unknown. Specifically, pancreatic β cells and adipocytes both rely heavily on mitochondrial function in the regulation of optimal glycemic control to prevent T2D, but parkin's role in preserving quality control of β cell or adipocyte mitochondria is unclear. Although parkin has been reported previously to control mitophagy, here we show that, surprisingly, parkin is dispensable for glucose homeostasis in both β cells and adipocytes during diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. We observed that insulin secretion, β cell formation, and islet architecture were preserved in parkin-deficient β cells and islets, suggesting that parkin is not necessary for control of β cell function and islet compensation for diet-induced obesity. Although transient parkin deficiency mildly impaired mitochondrial turnover in β cell lines, parkin deletion in primary β cells yielded no deficits in mitochondrial clearance. In adipocyte-specific deletion models, lipid uptake and β-oxidation were increased in cultured cells, whereas adipose tissue morphology, glucose homeostasis, and beige-to-white adipocyte transition were unaffected in vivo In key metabolic tissues where mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in T2D development, our experiments unexpectedly revealed that parkin is not an essential regulator of glucose tolerance, whole-body energy metabolism, or mitochondrial quality control. These findings highlight that parkin-independent processes maintain β cell and adipocyte mitochondrial quality control in diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma L Pearson
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 and
| | - Aaron Renberg
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 and
| | - Matthew M Askar
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Tracy Vozheiko
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 and
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and .,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 and
| | - Scott A Soleimanpour
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 and .,the Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chitooligosaccharide Biguanide Repairs Islet β‐Cell Dysfunction by Activating the IRS‐2/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
22
|
MicroRNAs and histone deacetylase inhibition-mediated protection against inflammatory β-cell damage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203713. [PMID: 30260972 PMCID: PMC6160007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory β-cell failure contributes to type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines cause β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis, and lysine deacetylase inhibitors (KDACi) prevent β-cell failure in vitro and in vivo, in part by reducing NF-κB transcriptional activity. We investigated the hypothesis that the protective effect of KDACi involves transcriptional regulation of microRNAs (miRs), potential new targets in diabetes treatment. Insulin-producing INS1 cells were cultured with or without the broad-spectrum KDACi Givinostat, prior to exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ for 6 h or 24 h, and miR expression was profiled with miR array. Thirteen miRs (miR-7a-2-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-96-5p, miR-101a-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-340-5p, miR-384-5p, miR-455-5p, miR-466b-2-3p, miR-652-5p, and miR-3584-5p) were regulated by both cytokines and Givinostat, and nine were examined by qRT-PCR. miR-146a-5p was strongly regulated by cytokines and KDACi and was analyzed further. miR-146a-5p expression was induced by cytokines in rat and human islets. Cytokine-induced miR-146a-5p expression was specific for INS1 and β-TC3 cells, whereas α-TC1 cells exhibited a higher basal expression. Transfection of INS1 cells with miR-146a-5p reduced cytokine signaling, including the activity of NF-κB and iNOS promoters, as well as NO production and protein levels of iNOS and its own direct targets TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1). miR-146a-5p was elevated in the pancreas of diabetes-prone BB-DP rats at diabetes onset, suggesting that miR-146a-5p could play a role in type 1 diabetes development. The miR array of cytokine-exposed INS1 cells rescued by KDACi revealed several other miRs potentially involved in cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis, demonstrating the strength of this approach.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lawson R, Maret W, Hogstrand C. Prolonged stimulation of insulin release from MIN6 cells causes zinc depletion and loss of β-cell markers. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:51-59. [PMID: 29895372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is integral for the normal function of pancreatic β-cells in glycaemic control. Large amounts of zinc are secreted from β-cells following insulin exocytosis and regulated replenishment is required, which is thought to be mediated by the ZIP family of zinc importer proteins. Within Type 2 Diabetic patients, β-cells are stressed through prolonged stimulation by hyperglycaemia and this is thought to be a major factor contributing to loss of β-cell identity and mass. However, the consequences for the β-cell zinc status remain largely unexplored. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to show that 24 h treatment of MIN6 cells with potassium chloride, mimicking hyperglycaemic stimulation, reduces the total cellular zinc content 2.8-fold, and qPCR to show an increase in mRNA expression for metallothioneins (Mt1 and Mt2) following 4 and 24 h of stimulation, suggestive of an early rise in cytosolic zinc. To determine which ZIP paralogues may be responsible for zinc replenishment, we used immunocytochemistry, Western blot and qPCR to demonstrate initial ZIP1 protein upregulation proceeded by downregulation of mRNA coding for ZIP1, ZIP6, ZIP7 and ZIP14. To assign a biological significance to the decreased total cellular zinc content, we assessed expression of key β-cell markers to show downregulation of mRNA for MafA, Mnx-1, Nkx2.2 and Pax6. Our data suggest hyperglycaemia-induced zinc depletion may contribute to loss of β-cell markers and promote β-cell dedifferentiation through disrupting expression of key transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lawson
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hawkins LJ, Al-Attar R, Storey KB. Transcriptional regulation of metabolism in disease: From transcription factors to epigenetics. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5062. [PMID: 29922517 PMCID: PMC6005171 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Every cell in an individual has largely the same genomic sequence and yet cells in different tissues can present widely different phenotypes. This variation arises because each cell expresses a specific subset of genomic instructions. Control over which instructions, or genes, are expressed is largely controlled by transcriptional regulatory pathways. Each cell must assimilate a huge amount of environmental input, and thus it is of no surprise that transcription is regulated by many intertwining mechanisms. This large regulatory landscape means there are ample possibilities for problems to arise, which in a medical context means the development of disease states. Metabolism within the cell, and more broadly, affects and is affected by transcriptional regulation. Metabolism can therefore contribute to improper transcriptional programming, or pathogenic metabolism can be the result of transcriptional dysregulation. Here, we discuss the established and emerging mechanisms for controling transcription and how they affect metabolism in the context of pathogenesis. Cis- and trans-regulatory elements, microRNA and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA and histone methylation, all have input into what genes are transcribed. Each has also been implicated in diseases such as metabolic syndrome, various forms of diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of these areas and highlight some natural models that may inspire future therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Hawkins
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rasha Al-Attar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Knocking down Insulin Receptor in Pancreatic Beta Cell lines with Lentiviral-Small Hairpin RNA Reduces Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Decreasing the Gene Expression of Insulin, GLUT2 and Pdx1. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040985. [PMID: 29587416 PMCID: PMC5979368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in fat, muscle and liver cells. Recent studies have shown that the development of insulin resistance in pancreatic beta cell lines may contribute to beta cell dysfunction in T2D. However, there still is a lack of detailed investigations regarding the mechanisms by which insulin deficiency may contribute in diabetes. In this study, we firstly established a stable insulin receptor knockdown cell line in pancreatic beta cells INS-1 (InsRβKD cells) using anti InsRβ small hairpin RNA (InsRβ-shRNA) encoded by lentiviral vectors. The resultant InsRβKD cells demonstrated a significantly reduced expression of InsRβ as determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting analyses. Upon removing glucose from the medium, these cells exhibited a significant decrease in insulin gene expression and protein secretion in response to 20 mM glucose stimulation. In accordance with this insulin reduction, the glucose uptake efficiency as indicated by a 3[H]-2-deoxy-d-glucose assay also decreased. Furthermore, InsRβKD cells showed a dramatic decrease in glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2, encoded by SLC2A2) and pancreatic duodenal homeobox (Pdx1) mRNA expression compared to the controls. These data collectively suggest that pancreatic beta cell insulin resistance contributes to the development of beta cell dysfunction by impairing pancreatic beta cell glucose sensation through the Pdx1- GLUT2 pathway. InsRβKD cells provide a good model to further investigate the mechanism of β-cell dysfunction in T2D.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology of diabetes is mainly attributed to insulin deficiency due to the lack of β cells (type 1), or to insulin resistance that eventually results in β cell dysfunction (type 2). Therefore, an ultimate cure for diabetes requires the ability to replace the lost insulin-secreting β cells. Strategies for regenerating β cells are under extensive investigation. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors first summarize the mechanisms underlying embryonic β cell development and spontaneous adult β cell regeneration, which forms the basis for developing β cell regeneration strategies. Then the rationale and progress of each β cell regeneration strategy is reviewed. Current β cell regeneration strategies can be classified into two main categories: in vitro β cell regeneration using pluripotent stem cells and in vivo reprogramming of non-β cells into β cells. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. EXPERT OPINION Regenerating β cells has shown its potential as a cure for the treatment of insulin-deficient diabetes. Much progress has been made, and β cell regeneration therapy is getting closer to a clinical reality. Nevertheless, more hurdles need to be overcome before any of the strategies suggested can be fully translated from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Dong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hongju Wu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yamamoto Y, Miyatsuka T, Sasaki S, Miyashita K, Kubo F, Shimo N, Takebe S, Watada H, Kaneto H, Matsuoka TA, Shimomura I. Preserving expression of Pdx1 improves β-cell failure in diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:418-424. [PMID: 28017717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pdx1, a β-cell-specific transcription factor, has been shown to play a crucial role in maintaining β-cell function through transactivation of β-cell-related genes. In addition, it has been reported that the expression levels of Pdx1 are compromised under diabetic conditions in human and rodent models. We therefore aimed to clarify the possible beneficial role of Pdx1 against β-cell failure and generated the transgenic mouse that expressed Pdx1 conditionally and specifically in β cells (βPdx1) and crossed these mice with Ins2Akita diabetic mice. Whereas Pdx1 mRNA levels were reduced in Ins2Akita mice compared with their non-diabetic littermates, the mRNA levels of Pdx1 were significantly recovered in the islets of βPdx1; Ins2Akita mice. The βPdx1; Ins2Akita mice exhibited significantly improved glucose tolerance, compared with control Ins2Akita littermates, accompanied by increased insulin secretion after glucose loading. Furthermore, histological examination demonstrated that βPdx1; Ins2Akita mice had improved localization of SLC2A2 (GLUT2), and quantitative RT-PCR showed the recovered expression of Mafa and Gck mRNAs in the islets of βPdx1; Ins2Akita mice. These findings suggest that the sustained expression of Pdx1 improves β-cell failure in Ins2Akita mice, at least partially through the preserving expression of β-cell-specific genes as well as improved localization of GLUT2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yamamoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shugo Sasaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Miyashita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kubo
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimo
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Takebe
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Insulin secretion impairment in Sirt6 knockout pancreatic β cells is mediated by suppression of the FoxO1-Pdx1-Glut2 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30321. [PMID: 27457971 PMCID: PMC4960548 DOI: 10.1038/srep30321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a chromatin associated class III deacetylase, controls whole-body energy homeostasis and has a critical role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β cells. However, its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. To gain further insights, we studied the pathway by which Sirt6 regulates GSIS utilizing mice lacking Sirt6 in their β cells (βS6KO). Further, we overexpressed wild type or deacetylase-inactive mutant Sirt6 in isolated islets as well as in MIN6 cells. We confirmed that βS6KO mice developed glucose intolerance with severely impaired GSIS. Gene expression analysis of knockout islets and overexpression studies demonstrated that Sirt6 deacetylates forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) to trigger its nuclear export and releases its transcriptional repression of key glucose sensing genes such as Pdx1 and Glut2. Ectopic overexpression of Sirt6 in knockout islets resulted in rescue of the defective insulin secretion and restoration of the expression of Pdx1 and Glut2. These results show that Sirt6 in pancreatic β cells deacetylates FoxO1 and subsequently increases the expression of Pdx1 and Glut2 to maintain the glucose-sensing ability of pancreatic β cells and systemic glucose tolerance.
Collapse
|
29
|
Natalicchio A, Biondi G, Marrano N, Labarbuta R, Tortosa F, Spagnuolo R, D'Oria R, Carchia E, Leonardini A, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Long-Term Exposure of Pancreatic β-Cells to Palmitate Results in SREBP-1C-Dependent Decreases in GLP-1 Receptor Signaling via CREB and AKT and Insulin Secretory Response. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2243-58. [PMID: 27035653 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of prolonged exposure of pancreatic β-cells to high saturated fatty acids on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) action were investigated. Murine islets, human pancreatic 1.1B4 cells, and rat INS-1E cells were exposed to palmitate for 24 hours. mRNA and protein expression/phosphorylation were measured by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Specific short interfering RNAs were used to knockdown expression of the GLP-1 receptor (Glp1r) and Srebf1. Insulin release was assessed with a specific ELISA. Exposure of murine islets, as well as of human and INS-1E β-cells, to palmitate reduced the ability of exendin-4 to augment insulin mRNA levels, protein content, and release. In addition, palmitate blocked exendin-4-stimulated cAMP-response element-binding protein and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog phosphorylation, whereas phosphorylation of MAPK-ERK kinase-1/2 and ERK-1/2 was not altered. Similarly, RNA interference-mediated suppression of Glp1r expression prevented exendin-4-induced cAMP-response element-binding protein and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog phosphorylation, but did not impair exendin-4 stimulation of MAPK-ERK kinase-1/2 and ERK-1/2. Both islets from mice fed a high fat diet and human and INS-1E β-cells exposed to palmitate showed reduced GLP-1 receptor and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) and increased sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1C) mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, suppression of SREBP-1C protein expression prevented the reduction of PDX-1 and GLP-1 receptor levels and restored exendin-4 signaling and action. Finally, treatment of INS-1E cells with metformin for 24 h resulted in inhibition of SREBP-1C expression, increased PDX-1 and GLP-1 receptor levels, consequently, enhancement of exendin-4-induced insulin release. Palmitate impairs exendin-4 effects on β-cells by reducing PDX-1 and GLP-1 receptor expression and signaling in a SREBP-1C-dependent manner. Metformin counteracts the impairment of GLP-1 receptor signaling induced by palmitate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Biondi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Nicola Marrano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Rossella Labarbuta
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Federica Tortosa
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Spagnuolo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Rossella D'Oria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Carchia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Anna Leonardini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu J, Cui J, Del Campo A, Shin CH. Four and a Half LIM Domains 1b (Fhl1b) Is Essential for Regulating the Liver versus Pancreas Fate Decision and for β-Cell Regeneration. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005831. [PMID: 26845333 PMCID: PMC4741517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver and pancreas originate from overlapping embryonic regions, and single-cell lineage tracing in zebrafish has shown that Bone morphogenetic protein 2b (Bmp2b) signaling is essential for determining the fate of bipotential hepatopancreatic progenitors towards the liver or pancreas. Despite its pivotal role, the gene regulatory networks functioning downstream of Bmp2b signaling in this process are poorly understood. We have identified four and a half LIM domains 1b (fhl1b), which is primarily expressed in the prospective liver anlage, as a novel target of Bmp2b signaling. fhl1b depletion compromised liver specification and enhanced induction of pancreatic cells from endodermal progenitors. Conversely, overexpression of fhl1b favored liver specification and inhibited induction of pancreatic cells. By single-cell lineage tracing, we showed that fhl1b depletion led lateral endodermal cells, destined to become liver cells, to become pancreatic cells. Reversely, when fhl1b was overexpressed, medially located endodermal cells, fated to differentiate into pancreatic and intestinal cells, contributed to the liver by directly or indirectly modulating the discrete levels of pdx1 expression in endodermal progenitors. Moreover, loss of fhl1b increased the regenerative capacity of β-cells by increasing pdx1 and neurod expression in the hepatopancreatic ductal system. Altogether, these data reveal novel and critical functions of Fhl1b in the hepatic versus pancreatic fate decision and in β-cell regeneration. Lineage-specific multipotent progenitors play crucial roles in embryonic development, regeneration in adult tissues, and diseases such as cancer. Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling is critical for regulating the cell fate choice of liver versus pancreas, two essential organs of body metabolism. Through transcriptome profiling of endodermal tissues exposed to increased or decreased Bmp2b signaling, we have discovered the zebrafish gene four and a half LIM domains 1b (fhl1b) as a novel target of Bmp2b signaling. fhl1b is primarily expressed in the prospective liver anlage. Loss- and gain-of-function analyses indicate that Fhl1b suppresses specification of the pancreas and induces the liver. By single-cell lineage tracing, we showed that depletion of fhl1b caused a liver-to-pancreas fate switch, while fhl1b overexpression redirected pancreatic progenitors to become liver cells. At later stages, Fhl1b regulates regeneration of insulin-secreting β-cells by directly or indirectly modulating pdx1 and neurod expression in the hepatopancreatic ductal system. Therefore, our work provides a novel paradigm of how Bmp signaling regulates the hepatic versus pancreatic fate decision and β-cell regeneration through its novel target Fhl1b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- School of Biology and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Chong Hyun Shin
- School of Biology and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ye L, Robertson MA, Mastracci TL, Anderson RM. An insulin signaling feedback loop regulates pancreas progenitor cell differentiation during islet development and regeneration. Dev Biol 2015; 409:354-69. [PMID: 26658317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As one of the key nutrient sensors, insulin signaling plays an important role in integrating environmental energy cues with organism growth. In adult organisms, relative insufficiency of insulin signaling induces compensatory expansion of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta (β) cells. However, little is known about how insulin signaling feedback might influence neogenesis of β cells during embryonic development. Using genetic approaches and a unique cell transplantation system in developing zebrafish, we have uncovered a novel role for insulin signaling in the negative regulation of pancreatic progenitor cell differentiation. Blocking insulin signaling in the pancreatic progenitors hastened the expression of the essential β cell genes insulin and pdx1, and promoted β cell fate at the expense of alpha cell fate. In addition, loss of insulin signaling promoted β cell regeneration and destabilization of alpha cell character. These data indicate that insulin signaling constitutes a tunable mechanism for β cell compensatory plasticity during early development. Moreover, using a novel blastomere-to-larva transplantation strategy, we found that loss of insulin signaling in endoderm-committed blastomeres drove their differentiation into β cells. Furthermore, the extent of this differentiation was dependent on the function of the β cell mass in the host. Altogether, our results indicate that modulation of insulin signaling will be crucial for the development of β cell restoration therapies for diabetics; further clarification of the mechanisms of insulin signaling in β cell progenitors will reveal therapeutic targets for both in vivo and in vitro β cell generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ye
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research in the Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Van Nuys Medical Sciences Building MS2043, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Van Nuys Medical Sciences Building MS2043, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Morgan A Robertson
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research in the Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Van Nuys Medical Sciences Building MS2043, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresa L Mastracci
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research in the Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Van Nuys Medical Sciences Building MS2043, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ryan M Anderson
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research in the Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Van Nuys Medical Sciences Building MS2043, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Van Nuys Medical Sciences Building MS2043, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Moshrefi M, Yari N, Nabipour F, Bazrafshani MR, Nematollahi-mahani SN. Transplantation of differentiated umbilical cord mesenchymal cells under kidney capsule for control of type I diabetes in rat. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:395-405. [PMID: 26025422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, stem cells have been introduced as an appropriate source of regenerative medicine for treatment of type I diabetes. Human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal cells (hUCMC) have successfully been differentiated into insulin producing cells. The isolated hUCM cells were characterized by the expression of stem cell surface markers and by differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes. The hUCMCs were cultured with different concentrations of neural conditional medium (NCM) and were induced to differentiate into insulin producing cells (IPCs). As 60% NCM concentration resulted in higher nestin and PDX1 expression, the cells were first exposed to 60% NCM and were then induced for IPCs differentiation. PDX1 and insulin gene expression was evaluated in the treated cells. Also, the secretion capacity of the IPCs was assessed by glucose challenge test. IPCs were transferred under the rat kidney capsule. Blood glucose level, weight gain and immunohistochemistry assessments were done in the treated animals. hUCMC expressed mesenchymal cell surface markers and successfully differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes. Higher NCM concentration resulted in higher PDX1 and nestin expression. The IPCs expressed insulin and PDX1. IPCs were detectable under the kidney capsule 2 months after injection. IPCs transplantation resulted in a sharp decline of blood sugar level and less weight loss. Differentiated hUCM cells could alleviate the insulin deprivation in the rat model of type I diabetes. In addition, higher NCM concentration leads to more differentiation into IPCs and more nestin and PDX1 expression. Kidney capsule can serve as a suitable nominee for IPCs transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Moshrefi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Afzal Research Institute (NGO), Kerman, Iran
| | - Nahid Yari
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabipour
- Department of Pathology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bazrafshani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-mahani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Afzal Research Institute (NGO), Kerman, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Z, You J, Xu S, Hua Z, Zhang W, Deng T, Fang N, Fang Q, Liu H, Peng L, Wang P, Lou J. Colocalization of insulin and glucagon in insulinoma cells and developing pancreatic endocrine cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:598-604. [PMID: 25912877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A significant portion of human and rat insulinomas coexpress multiple hormones. This character termed as multihormonality is also observed in some early pancreatic endocrine cells which coexpress insulin and glucagon, suggesting an incomplete differentiation status of both cells. Here we demonstrate that insulinoma cells INS-1 and INS-1-derived single cell clone INS-1-15 coexpressed insulin and glucagon in a portion of cells. These two hormones highly colocalized in the intracellular vesicles within a cell. Due to the existence of both PC1/3 and PC2 in INS-1-derived cells, proglucagon could be processed into glucagon, GLP-1 and GLP-2. These glucagon-family peptides and insulin were secreted simultaneously corresponding to the elevating glucose concentrations. The coexpression and partial colocalization of insulin and glucagon was also observed in rat fetal pancreatic endocrine cells, but the colocalization rate was generally lower and more diverse, suggesting that in the developing pancreatic endocrine cells, insulin and glucagon may be stored in nonidentical pools of secreting vesicles and might be secreted discordantly upon stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zai Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jia You
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhan Hua
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tingting Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ni Fang
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Qing Fang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Liang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Peigang Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jinning Lou
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kaneto H, Matsuoka TA. Role of pancreatic transcription factors in maintenance of mature β-cell function. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6281-97. [PMID: 25794287 PMCID: PMC4394532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pancreatic transcription factors including PDX-1 and MafA play crucial roles in the pancreas and function for the maintenance of mature β-cell function. However, when β-cells are chronically exposed to hyperglycemia, expression and/or activities of such transcription factors are reduced, which leads to deterioration of β-cell function. These phenomena are well known as β-cell glucose toxicity in practical medicine as well as in the islet biology research area. Here we describe the possible mechanism for β-cell glucose toxicity found in type 2 diabetes. It is likely that reduced expression levels of PDX-1 and MafA lead to suppression of insulin biosynthesis and secretion. In addition, expression levels of incretin receptors (GLP-1 and GIP receptors) in β-cells are decreased, which likely contributes to the impaired incretin effects found in diabetes. Taken together, down-regulation of insulin gene transcription factors and incretin receptors explains, at least in part, the molecular mechanism for β-cell glucose toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Taka-aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A protective role of arecoline hydrobromide in experimentally induced male diabetic rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:136738. [PMID: 25695047 PMCID: PMC4324734 DOI: 10.1155/2015/136738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. Arecoline, the most potent and abundant alkaloid of betel nut, causes elevation of serum testosterone and androgen receptor expression in rat prostate, in addition to increase in serum insulin levels in rats, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes-like conditions. This study investigated the role of arecoline on the reproductive status of experimentally induced type 1 diabetic rats. Methods. Changes in the cellular architecture were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Blood glucose, serum insulin, testosterone, FSH, and LH were assayed. Fructose content of the coagulating gland and sialic acid content of the seminal vesicles were also analyzed. Results. Arecoline treatment for 10 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight markedly facilitated β-cell regeneration and reversed testicular and sex accessory dysfunctions by increasing the levels of serum insulin and gonadotropins in type 1 diabetic rats. Critical genes related to β-cell regeneration, such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (pdx-1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), were found to be activated by arecoline at the protein level. Conclusion. It can thus be suggested that arecoline is effective in ameliorating the detrimental effects caused by insulin deficiency on gonadal and male sex accessories in rats with type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yamato E, Bamba Y, Kamiya Y, Yagi K, Miyazaki JI. Analysis of the transcription factor cascade that induces endocrine and exocrine cell lineages from pancreatic progenitor cells using a polyoma-based episomal vector system. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 3:41-51. [PMID: 24843545 PMCID: PMC4014932 DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction: We recently established a strategy for isolating multipotential duct‐like cells, called pdx‐1‐positive pancreatic cell‐derived (PPPD) cells, from the pancreas. To analyze the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic cell differentiation, we introduced a polyoma‐based episomal vector system into PPPD cells. Materials and Methods: PPPD cells were stably transfected with a polyoma large T (PLT)‐expressing plasmid vector, which included the polyoma origin of replication, to generate PLT‐PPPD cells. Various cDNA for pancreas‐related transcription factors were subcloned into the expression plasmid pPyCAG, which included the polyoma origin of replication. PLT‐PPPD cells were stably transfected with the resulting plasmid vectors and then subjected to gene and protein expression analyses. Results: The coexpression of Mafa, Neurod1 and Ipf1 induced Ins1 and Ins2 expression in PLT‐PPPD cells. The forced expression of Pax6 alone induced the expression of glucagon. The coexpression of Neurod1 and Isl1 induced Ins2 and Sst expression. In contrast, the expression of Ptf1a and Foxa2 induced the expression of exocrine markers Cpa1 and Amy2. Transfections with multiple transcription factors showed that Isl1 is required for the differentiation of both insulin‐positive cells and somatostatin‐positive cells. In addition, Foxa2 induced the differentiation of glucagon‐positive cells and inhibited the differentiation of insulin‐positive and somatostatin‐positive cells. PLT‐PPPD cells allow episomal vector‐based gene expression and should be useful for studying the transcription factor cascades involved in the differentiation of pancreatic cell types in vitro. Conclusions: Our coexpression study showed novel critical roles for Isl1 and Foxa2 in the differentiation of PPPD cells into endocrine cells. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00136.x, 2012)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yamato
- Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yohei Bamba
- Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yukimasa Kamiya
- Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine ; Bio-functional Molecular Chemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yagi
- Bio-functional Molecular Chemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Miyazaki
- Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Matsunari H, Kobayashi T, Watanabe M, Umeyama K, Nakano K, Kanai T, Matsuda T, Nagaya M, Hara M, Nakauchi H, Nagashima H. Transgenic pigs with pancreas-specific expression of green fluorescent protein. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:230-7. [PMID: 24748398 PMCID: PMC4085388 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and regeneration of the pancreas is of considerable interest because of the role of these processes in pancreatic diseases, such as diabetes. Here, we sought to develop a large animal model in which the pancreatic cell lineage could be tracked. The pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx1) gene promoter was conjugated to Venus, a green fluorescent protein, and introduced into 370 in vitro-matured porcine oocytes by intracytoplasmic sperm injection-mediated gene transfer. These oocytes were transferred into four recipient gilts, all of which became pregnant. Three gilts were sacrificed at 47-65 days of gestation, and the fourth was allowed to farrow. Seven of 16 fetuses obtained were transgenic (Tg) and exhibited pancreas-specific green fluorescence. The fourth recipient gilt produced a litter of six piglets, two of which were Tg. The founder Tg offspring matured normally and produced healthy first-generation (G1) progeny. A postweaning autopsy of four 27-day-old G1 Tg piglets confirmed the pancreas-specific Venus expression. Immunostaining of the pancreatic tissue indicated the transgene was expressed in β-cells. Pancreatic islets from Tg pigs were transplanted under the renal capsules of NOD/SCID mice and expressed fluorescence up to one month after transplantation. Tg G1 pigs developed normally and had blood glucose levels within the normal range. Insulin levels before and after sexual maturity were within normal ranges, as were other blood biochemistry parameters, indicating that pancreatic function was normal. We conclude that Pdx1-Venus Tg pigs represent a large animal model suitable for research on pancreatic development/regeneration and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Silymarin induces expression of pancreatic Nkx6.1 transcription factor and β-cells neogenesis in a pancreatectomy model. Molecules 2014; 19:4654-68. [PMID: 24739928 PMCID: PMC6271357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A physio-pathological feature of diabetes mellitus is a significant reduction of β-pancreatic cells. The growth, differentiation and function maintenance of these cells is directed by transcription factors. Nkx6.1 is a key transcription factor for the differentiation, neogenesis and maintenance of β-pancreatic cells. We reported that silymarin restores normal morphology and endocrine function of damaged pancreatic tissue after alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of silymarin on Nkx6.1 transcription factor expression and its consequence in β cells neogenesis. Sixty male Wistar rats were partially pancreatectomized and divided into twelve groups. Six groups were treated with silymarin (200 mg/Kg p.o) for periods of 3, 7, 14, 21, 42 and 63 days. Additionally, an unpancreatectomized control group was used. Nkx6.1 and insulin gene expression were assessed by RT-PCR assay in total pancreatic RNA. β-Cell neogenesis was determined by immunoperoxidase assay. Silymarin treated group showed an increase of Nkx6.1 and insulin genic expression. In this group, there was an increment of β-cell neogenesis in comparison to pancreatectomized untreated group. Silymarin treatment produced a rise in serum insulin and serum glucose normalization. These results suggest that silymarin may improve the reduction of β pancreatic cells observed in diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
39
|
Pdx1 maintains β cell identity and function by repressing an α cell program. Cell Metab 2014; 19:259-71. [PMID: 24506867 PMCID: PMC3950964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pdx1 is a homeobox-containing transcription factor that plays a key role in pancreatic development and adult β cell function. In this study, we traced the fate of adult β cells after Pdx1 deletion. As expected, β-cell-specific removal of Pdx1 resulted in severe hyperglycemia within days. Surprisingly, a large fraction of Pdx1-deleted cells rapidly acquired ultrastructural and physiological features of α cells, indicating that a robust cellular reprogramming had occurred. Reprogrammed cells exhibited a global transcriptional shift that included derepression of the α cell transcription factor MafB, resulting in a transcriptional profile that closely resembled that of α cells. These findings indicate that Pdx1 acts as a master regulator of β cell fate by simultaneously activating genes essential for β cell identity and repressing those associated with α cell identity. We discuss the significance of these findings in the context of the emerging notion that loss of β cell identity contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
40
|
Brun T, Scarcia P, Li N, Gaudet P, Duhamel D, Palmieri F, Maechler P. Changes in mitochondrial carriers exhibit stress-specific signatures in INS-1Eβ-cells exposed to glucose versus fatty acids. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82364. [PMID: 24349266 PMCID: PMC3861392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of β-cells to metabolic stresses impairs their function and potentially induces apoptosis. Mitochondria play a central role in coupling glucose metabolism to insulin secretion. However, little is known on mitochondrial responses to specific stresses; i.e. low versus high glucose, saturated versus unsaturated fatty acids, or oxidative stress. INS-1E cells were exposed for 3 days to 5.6 mM glucose, 25 mM glucose, 0.4 mM palmitate, and 0.4 mM oleate. Culture at standard 11.1 mM glucose served as no-stress control and transient oxidative stress (200 µM H2O2 for 10 min at day 0) served as positive stressful condition. Mito-array analyzed transcripts of 60 mitochondrion-associated genes with special focus on members of the Slc25 family. Transcripts of interest were evaluated at the protein level by immunoblotting. Bioinformatics analyzed the expression profiles to delineate comprehensive networks. Chronic exposure to the different metabolic stresses impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; revealing glucotoxicity and lipo-dysfunction. Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids increased expression of the carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier CAC, whereas the citrate carrier CIC and energy sensor SIRT1 were specifically upregulated by palmitate and oleate, respectively. High glucose upregulated CIC, the dicarboxylate carrier DIC and glutamate carrier GC1. Conversely, it reduced expression of energy sensors (AMPK, SIRT1, SIRT4), metabolic genes, transcription factor PDX1, and anti-apoptotic Bcl2. This was associated with caspase-3 cleavage and cell death. Expression levels of GC1 and SIRT4 exhibited positive and negative glucose dose-response, respectively. Expression profiles of energy sensors and mitochondrial carriers were selectively modified by the different conditions, exhibiting stress-specific signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Brun
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (TB); (PM)
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Gaudet
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) and University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Duhamel
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (TB); (PM)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang H, Yang Y, Ho G, Lin X, Wu W, Li W, Lin L, Feng X, Huo X, Jiang J, Liu X, Huang T, Wei C, Ma L. Programming of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in vitro to promote pancreatic gene expression. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:769-74. [PMID: 23900717 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) are candidates for tissue engineering and may potentially be used for transdifferentiation into pancreatic endocrine cells. The adenoviral vector is effective in transducing genes into stem cells that are refractory to gene delivery by non‑viral approaches. qPCR was used to detect the pancreatic endogenous gene expression of HUMSCs transfected by islet cell-specific transcription factors (TFs). In the present study, using adenoviruses, the mouse TFs, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (pdx1), V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (mafa) and class B basic helix‑loop‑helix factor neurogenin 3 (ngn3), which are essential for pancreatic cell development, were introduced into HUMSCs to assess the expression of the pancreatic genes, glucagon, pdx1 and nk2 homeobox 2 (nkx2.2). When pdx1, mafa and ngn3 were cotransduced into HUMSCs, the expression of glucagon increased by 21‑fold at days 3 and 7 following transduction, while the endogenous pdx1 gene expression was increased by 15‑fold at day 3 and decreased by 70% at day 7. When mafa and ngn3 were cotransduced into HUMSCs, there was a 5‑fold increase in pdx1 gene expression at day 7, but no activation was observed at day 3. When mafa alone was introduced into HUMSCs, the pdx1 gene expression was elevated by 6‑fold at day 3 and decreased by 3‑fold at day 7. Transduction of ngn3 alone into HUMSCs induced nkx2.2 gene expression at day 3 but the expression levels were decreased at day 7. However, when pdx1 and ngn3 were cotransduced into HUMSCs, the expression levels of glucagon, pdx1 and nks2.2 were all lower than those observed with pdx1 or ngn3 transduction alone. These results suggested that the transduction of pdx1, mafa and ngn3 genes into HUMSCs induced the expression of the pancreatic genes, glucagon, pdx‑1 and nkx2.2, and that the expression was time dependent. In addition, different combinations of the TFs may demonstrate synergistic or antagonistic effects. This data may be beneficial for guiding future studies obtaining mature pancreatic endocrine cells from HUMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Phenotypic and functional characterization of glucagon-positive cells derived from spontaneous differentiation of D3-mouse embryonic stem cells. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:122-31. [PMID: 23260092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon expression is being considered as a definitive endoderm marker in protocols aiming to obtain insulin-secreting cells from embryonic stem cells. However, it should be considered that in vivo glucagon is expressed both in definitive endoderm- and neuroectoderm-derived cells. Therefore, the true nature and function of in vitro spontaneously differentiated glucagon-positive cells remains to be established. METHODS D3 and R1 mouse embryonic stem cells as well as α-TC1-9 cells were cultured and glucagon expression was determined by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. Functional analyses regarding intracellular calcium oscillations were performed to further characterize glucagon(+) cells. RESULTS Specifically, 5% of D3 and R1 cells expressed preproglucagon, with a small percentage of these (<1%) expressing glucagon-like peptide 1. The constitutive expression of protein convertase 5 supports the expression of both peptides. Glucagon(+) cells co-expressed neurofilament middle and some glucagon-like peptide-1(+) cells, glial fibrillary acidic protein, indicating a neuroectodermic origin. However, few glucagon-like peptide-1(+) cells did not show coexpression with glial fibrillary acidic protein, suggesting a non-neuroectodermic origin for these cells. Finally, glucagon(+) cells did not display Ca(2+) oscillations typical of pancreatic α-cells. DISCUSSION These results indicate the possible nondefinitive endodermal origin of glucagon-positive cells spontaneously differentiated from D3 and R1 cell lines, as well as the presence of cells expressing glucagon-like peptide-1 from two different origins.
Collapse
|
43
|
Men X, Peng L, Wang H, Zhang W, Xu S, Fang Q, Liu H, Yang W, Lou J. Involvement of the Ca2+-responsive transactivator in high glucose-induced β-cell apoptosis. J Endocrinol 2013; 216:231-43. [PMID: 23160962 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-regulated transcription coactivator, Ca(2)(+)-responsive transactivator (CREST) was expressed in pancreatic β-cells. Moreover, CREST expression became significantly increased in pancreatic islets isolated from hyperglycemic Goto-Kakizaki rats compared with normoglycemic Wistar controls. In addition, culture of β-cells in the presence of high glucose concentrations also increased CREST expression in vitro. To further investigate the role of this transactivator in the regulation of β-cell function, we established a stable β-cell line with inducible CREST expression. Hence, CREST overexpression mimicked the glucotoxic effects on insulin secretion and cell growth in β-cells. Moreover, high glucose-induced apoptosis was aggravated by upregulation of the transactivator but inhibited when CREST expression was partially silenced by siRNA technology. Further investigation found that upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl2 was indeed induced by its expression, especially under high glucose conditions. In addition, as two causing factors leading to β-cell apoptosis under diabetic conditions, endoplasmic reticulum stress and high free fatty acid, mimicked the high glucose effects on CREST upregulation and generation of apoptosis in β-cells, and these effects were specifically offset by the siRNA knockdown of CREST. These results indicated that CREST is implicated in β-cell apoptosis induced by culture in high glucose and hence that CREST may become a potential pharmacological target for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Men
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Raikwar SP, Zavazava N. Differentiation and lineage commitment of murine embryonic stem cells into insulin producing cells. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1029:93-108. [PMID: 23756944 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-478-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells recently developed in our laboratory can be used to generate the much needed insulin producing cells (IPCs) for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, currently available differentiation protocols generate IPCs at a very low frequency. More importantly, it is difficult to purify the IPCs from the mixed cell population due to the lack of well characterized pancreatic beta cell-specific cell surface markers. Subsequently, multiple studies have been published with limited success. A major cause for these poor results is an inadequate Pdx1 expression in the embryoid body (EB) or definitive endoderm (DE)-derived precursors. Here we investigated whether ectopic expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), an essential pancreatic transcription factor, in mouse ES cells leads to enhanced differentiation into IPCs. Here we describe a new approach for the generation of glucose responsive IPCs using ES cells ectopically expressing pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) and paired box gene 4 (Pax4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Peng L, Men X, Zhang W, Wang H, Xu S, Fang Q, Liu H, Yang W, Lou J. Involvement of dynamin-related protein 1 in free fatty acid-induced INS-1-derived cell apoptosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49258. [PMID: 23166623 PMCID: PMC3498159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated extracellular free fatty acids (FFAs) can induce pancreatic beta cell apoptosis, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in FFA-induced beta cell apoptosis. However, molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial dysfunction and FFA-induced beta cell apoptosis are not clear. Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP-1) is a mitochondrial fission modulator. In this study, we investigated its role in FFA-induced INS-1 beta cell apoptosis. DRP-1 protein was promptly induced in INS-1 cells and rat islets after stimulation by FFAs, and this DRP-1 upregulation was accompanied by increased INS-1 cell apoptosis. Induction of DRP-1 expression significantly promoted FFA-induced apoptosis in DRP-1 WT (DRP-1 wild type) inducible INS-1-derived cell line, but not in DRP-1K38A (a dominant negative mutant of DRP-1) inducible INS-1-derived cell line. To validate these in vitro results, we transplanted DRP-1 WT or DRP-1 K38A cells into renal capsules of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic mice to study the apoptosis in xenografts. Consistent with the in vitro results, the over-expression of DRP-1 led to aggravated INS-1-derived cell apoptosis triggered by FFAs. In contrast, dominant-negative suppression of DRP-1 function as represented by DRP-1 K38A significantly prevented FFA-induced apoptosis in xenografts. It was further demonstrated that mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, while cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were enhanced by the induction of DRP-1WT, but prevented by DRP-1 K38A in INS-1-derived cells under FFA stimulation. These results indicated that DRP-1 mediates FFA-induced INS-1-derived cell apoptosis, suggesting that suppression of DRP-1 is a potentially useful therapeutic strategy for protecting against beta cell loss that leads to type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Men
- Department of Pathophysiology, North China Coal Medical University, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinning Lou
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Perakakis N, Danassi D, Alt M, Tsaroucha E, Mehana AE, Rimmer N, Laubner K, Wang H, Wollheim CB, Seufert J, Päth G. Human Krüppel-like factor 11 differentially regulates human insulin promoter activity in β-cells and non-β-cells via p300 and PDX1 through the regulatory sites A3 and CACCC box. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 363:20-6. [PMID: 22801105 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human Krüppel-like factor 11 (hKLF11) has been characterised to both activate and inhibit human insulin promoter (hInsP) activity. Since KLF11 is capable to differentially regulate genes dependent on recruited cofactors, we investigated the effects of hKLF11 on cotransfected hInsP in both β-cells and non-β-cells. hKLF11 protein interacts with hp300 but not with hPDX1. Overexpressed hKLF11 stimulates PDX1-transactivation of hInsP in HEK293 non-β-cells, but confers inhibition in INS-1E β-cells. Both hKLF11 functions can be neutralised by the p300 inhibitor E1A, increased hp300 levels (INS-1E), dominant negative (DN)-PDX1 and by mutation of the PDX1 binding site A3 or the CACCC box. In summary, hKLF11 differentially regulates hInsP activity depending on the molecular context via modulation of p300:PDX1 interactions with the A3 element and CACCC box. We postulate that KLF11 has a role in fine-tuning insulin transcription in certain cellular situations rather than representing a major transcriptional activator or repressor of the insulin gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Raikwar SP, Zavazava N. PDX1-engineered embryonic stem cell-derived insulin producing cells regulate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Transplant Res 2012; 1:19. [PMID: 23369186 PMCID: PMC3560994 DOI: 10.1186/2047-1440-1-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes can be treated by the transplantation of cadaveric whole pancreata or isolated pancreatic islets. However, this form of treatment is hampered by the chronic shortage of cadaveric donors. Embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived insulin producing cells (IPCs) offer a potentially novel source of unlimited cells for transplantation to treat type 1 and possibly type 2 diabetes. However, thus far, the lack of a reliable protocol for efficient differentiation of ES cells into IPCs has hindered the clinical exploitation of these cells. Methods To efficiently generate IPCs using ES cells, we have developed a double transgenic ES cell line R1Pdx1AcGFP/RIP-Luc that constitutively expresses pancreatic β-cell-specific transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1 (Pdx1) as well as rat insulin promoter (RIP) driven luciferase reporter. We have established several protocols for the reproducible differentiation of ES cells into IPCs. The differentiation of ES cells into IPCs was monitored by immunostaining as well as real-time quantitative RT-PCR for pancreatic β-cell-specific markers. Pancreatic β-cell specific RIP became transcriptionally active following the differentiation of ES cells into IPCs and induced the expression of the luciferase reporter. Glucose stimulated insulin secretion by the ES cell-derived IPCs was measured by ELISA. Further, we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of ES cell-derived IPCs to correct hyperglycemia in syngeneic streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic mice. The long term fate of the transplanted IPCs co-expressing luciferase in syngeneic STZ-induced diabetic mice was monitored by real time noninvasive in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Results We have recently demonstrated that spontaneous in vivo differentiation of R1Pdx1AcGFP/RIP-Luc ES cell-derived pancreatic endoderm-like cells (PELCs) into IPCs corrects hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Here, we investigated whether R1Pdx1AcGFP/RIP-Luc ES cells can be efficiently differentiated in vitro into IPCs. Our new data suggest that R1Pdx1AcGFP/RIP-Luc ES cells efficiently differentiate into glucose responsive IPCs. The ES cell differentiation led to pancreatic lineage commitment and expression of pancreatic β cell-specific genes, including Pax4, Pax6, Ngn3, Isl1, insulin 1, insulin 2 and PC2/3. Transplantation of the IPCs under the kidney capsule led to sustained long-term correction of hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Although these newly generated IPCs effectively rescued hyperglycemic mice, an unexpected result was teratoma formation in 1 out of 12 mice. We attribute the development of the teratoma to the presence of either non-differentiated or partially differentiated stem cells. Conclusions Our data show the potential of Pdx1-engineered ES cells to enhance pancreatic lineage commitment and to robustly drive the differentiation of ES cells into glucose responsive IPCs. However, there is an unmet need for eliminating the partially differentiated stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Roy J, and Lucille A, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Building 41, Room #128, 601 Highway 6W, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hansen JB, Tonnesen MF, Madsen AN, Hagedorn PH, Friberg J, Grunnet LG, Heller RS, Nielsen AØ, Størling J, Baeyens L, Anker-Kitai L, Qvortrup K, Bouwens L, Efrat S, Aalund M, Andrews NC, Billestrup N, Karlsen AE, Holst B, Pociot F, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Divalent metal transporter 1 regulates iron-mediated ROS and pancreatic β cell fate in response to cytokines. Cell Metab 2012; 16:449-61. [PMID: 23000401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to target-cell damage in inflammatory and iron-overload diseases. Little is known about iron transport regulation during inflammatory attack. Through a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we show that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β induces divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) expression correlating with increased β cell iron content and ROS production. Iron chelation and siRNA and genetic knockdown of DMT1 expression reduce cytokine-induced ROS formation and cell death. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the absence of cytokines in Dmt1 knockout islets is defective, highlighting a physiological role of iron and ROS in the regulation of insulin secretion. Dmt1 knockout mice are protected against multiple low-dose streptozotocin and high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance, models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Thus, β cells become prone to ROS-mediated inflammatory damage via aberrant cellular iron metabolism, a finding with potential general cellular implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Bondo Hansen
- Center for Medical Research Methodology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rodríguez-Trejo A, Ortiz-López MG, Zambrano E, Granados-Silvestre MDLÁ, Méndez C, Blondeau B, Bréant B, Nathanielsz PW, Menjivar M. Developmental programming of neonatal pancreatic β-cells by a maternal low-protein diet in rats involves a switch from proliferation to differentiation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1431-9. [PMID: 22436693 PMCID: PMC3378070 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00619.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Maternal low-protein diets (LP) impair pancreatic β-cell development, resulting in later-life failure and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that intrauterine and/or postnatal developmental programming seen in this situation involve altered β-cell structure and relative time course of expression of genes critical to β-cell differentiation and growth. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed either control (C) 20% or restricted (R) 6% protein diets during pregnancy (1st letter) and/or lactation (2nd letter) in four groups: CC, RR, RC, and CR. At postnatal days 7 and 21, we measured male offspring β-cell fraction, mass, proliferation, aggregate number, and size as well as mRNA level for 13 key genes regulating β-cell development and function in isolated islets. Compared with CC, pre- and postnatal LP (RR) decreased β-cell fraction, mass, proliferation, aggregate size, and number and increased Hnf1a, Hnf4a, Pdx1, Isl1, Rfx6, and Slc2a2 mRNA levels. LP only in pregnancy (RC) also decreased β-cell fraction, mass, proliferation, aggregate size, and number and increased Hnf1a, Hnf4a, Pdx1, Rfx6, and Ins mRNA levels. Postnatal LP offspring (CR) showed decreased β-cell mass but increased β-cell fraction, aggregate number, and Hnf1a, Hnf4a, Rfx6, and Slc2a2 mRNA levels. We conclude that LP in pregnancy sets the trajectory of postnatal β-cell growth and differentiation, whereas LP in lactation has smaller effects. We propose that LP promotes differentiation through upregulation of transcription factors that stimulate differentiation at the expense of proliferation. This results in a decreased β-cell reserve, which can contribute to later-life predisposition to T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rodríguez-Trejo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 3000, Facultad de Química, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yang BT, Dayeh TA, Volkov PA, Kirkpatrick CL, Malmgren S, Jing X, Renström E, Wollheim CB, Nitert MD, Ling C. Increased DNA methylation and decreased expression of PDX-1 in pancreatic islets from patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1203-12. [PMID: 22570331 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) can cause a monogenic form of diabetes (maturity onset diabetes of the young 4) in humans, and silencing Pdx-1 in pancreatic β-cells of mice causes diabetes. However, it is not established whether epigenetic alterations of PDX-1 influence type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans. Here we analyzed mRNA expression and DNA methylation of PDX-1 in human pancreatic islets from 55 nondiabetic donors and nine patients with T2D. We further studied epigenetic regulation of PDX-1 in clonal β-cells. PDX-1 expression was decreased in pancreatic islets from patients with T2D compared with nondiabetic donors (P = 0.0002) and correlated positively with insulin expression (rho = 0.59, P = 0.000001) and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (rho = 0.41, P = 0.005) in the human islets. Ten CpG sites in the distal PDX-1 promoter and enhancer regions exhibited significantly increased DNA methylation in islets from patients with T2D compared with nondiabetic donors. DNA methylation of PDX-1 correlated negatively with its gene expression in the human islets (rho = -0.64, P = 0.0000029). Moreover, methylation of the human PDX-1 promoter and enhancer regions suppressed reporter gene expression in clonal β-cells (P = 0.04). Our data further indicate that hyperglycemia decreases gene expression and increases DNA methylation of PDX-1 because glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) correlates negatively with mRNA expression (rho = -0.50, P = 0.0004) and positively with DNA methylation (rho = 0.54, P = 0.00024) of PDX-1 in the human islets. Furthermore, while Pdx-1 expression decreased, Pdx-1 methylation and Dnmt1 expression increased in clonal β-cells exposed to high glucose. Overall, epigenetic modifications of PDX-1 may play a role in the development of T2D, given that pancreatic islets from patients with T2D and β-cells exposed to hyperglycemia exhibited increased DNA methylation and decreased expression of PDX-1. The expression levels of PDX-1 were further associated with insulin secretion in the human islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice T Yang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, 205 02 Malmoe, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|