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Fei X, Li N, Xu X, Zhu Y. Macrophage biology in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Crit Rev Microbiol 2025; 51:399-416. [PMID: 39086061 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2366944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Infection with H. pylori induces chronic gastric inflammation, progressing to peptic ulcer and stomach adenocarcinoma. Macrophages function as innate immune cells and play a vital role in host immune defense against bacterial infection. However, the distinctive mechanism by which H. pylori evades phagocytosis allows it to colonize the stomach and further aggravate gastric preneoplastic pathology. H. pylori exacerbates gastric inflammation by promoting oxidative stress, resisting macrophage phagocytosis, and inducing M1 macrophage polarization. M2 macrophages facilitate the proliferation, invasion, and migration of gastric cancer cells. Various molecular mechanisms governing macrophage function in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection have been identified. In this review, we summarize recent findings of macrophage interactions with H. pylori infection, with an emphasis on the regulatory mechanisms that determine the clinical outcome of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nianshuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinbo Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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2
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Sirit IS, Peek RM. Decoding the Ability of Helicobacter pylori to Evade Immune Recognition and Cause Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025; 19:101470. [PMID: 39889829 PMCID: PMC11946503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) successfully and chronically colonizes the gastric mucosa of approximately 43% of the world's population. Infection with this organism is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer, and disease development is dependent on several interactive components. One H pylori determinant that augments cancer risk is the strain-specific cag type IV secretion system, which not only translocates a pro-inflammatory and oncogenic protein, CagA, into host cells but also DNA, peptidoglycan, and a lipopolysaccharide intermediate, heptose-1,7-bisphosphate. However, cognate interactions between certain microbial and host constituents can also attenuate pro-inflammatory responses, and H pylori harbors multiple effectors that function differently than the respective counterparts in other mucosal pathogens. In this review, we discuss current data related to mechanisms utilized by H pylori to evade the immune response, sustain its longevity in the host, and further disease progression, as well as implications for developing targeted, immune-based eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella S Sirit
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Molecular Pathology and Immunology Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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3
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Li S, Feng W, Wu J, Cui H, Wang Y, Liang T, An J, Chen W, Guo Z, Lei H. A Narrative Review: Immunometabolic Interactions of Host-Gut Microbiota and Botanical Active Ingredients in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9096. [PMID: 39201782 PMCID: PMC11354385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is where the majority of gut microbiota settles; therefore, the composition of the gut microbiota and the changes in metabolites, as well as their modulatory effects on the immune system, have a very important impact on the development of gastrointestinal diseases. The purpose of this article was to review the role of the gut microbiota in the host environment and immunometabolic system and to summarize the beneficial effects of botanical active ingredients on gastrointestinal cancer, so as to provide prospective insights for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. A literature search was performed on the PubMed database with the keywords "gastrointestinal cancer", "gut microbiota", "immunometabolism", "SCFAs", "bile acids", "polyamines", "tryptophan", "bacteriocins", "immune cells", "energy metabolism", "polyphenols", "polysaccharides", "alkaloids", and "triterpenes". The changes in the composition of the gut microbiota influenced gastrointestinal disorders, whereas their metabolites, such as SCFAs, bacteriocins, and botanical metabolites, could impede gastrointestinal cancers and polyamine-, tryptophan-, and bile acid-induced carcinogenic mechanisms. GPRCs, HDACs, FXRs, and AHRs were important receptor signals for the gut microbial metabolites in influencing the development of gastrointestinal cancer. Botanical active ingredients exerted positive effects on gastrointestinal cancer by influencing the composition of gut microbes and modulating immune metabolism. Gastrointestinal cancer could be ameliorated by altering the gut microbial environment, administering botanical active ingredients for treatment, and stimulating or blocking the immune metabolism signaling molecules. Despite extensive and growing research on the microbiota, it appeared to represent more of an indicator of the gut health status associated with adequate fiber intake than an autonomous causative factor in the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. This study detailed the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers and the botanical active ingredients used for their treatment in the hope of providing inspiration for research into simpler, safer, and more effective treatment pathways or therapeutic agents in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlan Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China;
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Herong Cui
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yiting Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Tianzhen Liang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Jin An
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Wanling Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhuoqian Guo
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
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4
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Wei YF, Xie SA, Zhang ST. Current research on the interaction between Helicobacter pylori and macrophages. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:497. [PMID: 38598010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacteria with a worldwide infection rate of 50%, known to induce gastritis, ulcers and gastric cancer. The interplay between H. pylori and immune cells within the gastric mucosa is pivotal in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-related disease. Following H. pylori infection, there is an observed increase in gastric mucosal macrophages, which are associated with the progression of gastritis. H. pylori elicits macrophage polarization, releases cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) to promote inflammatory response and eliminate H. pylori. Meanwhile, H. pylori has developed mechanisms to evade the host immune response in order to maintain the persistent infection, including interference with macrophage phagocytosis and antigen presentation, as well as induction of macrophage apoptosis. Consequently, the interaction between H. pylori and macrophages can significantly impact the progression, pathogenesis, and resolution of H. pylori infection. Moreover, macrophages are emerging as potential therapeutic targets for H. pylori-associated gastritis. Therefore, elucidating the involvement of macrophages in H. pylori infection may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis, progression, and management of H. pylori-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Si-An Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Digestive Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shu-Tian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Fan J, Zhu J, Xu H. Strategies of Helicobacter pylori in evading host innate and adaptive immunity: insights and prospects for therapeutic targeting. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1342913. [PMID: 38469348 PMCID: PMC10925771 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1342913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the predominant pathogen causing chronic gastric mucosal infections globally. During the period from 2011 to 2022, the global prevalence of H. pylori infection was estimated at 43.1%, while in China, it was slightly higher at approximately 44.2%. Persistent colonization by H. pylori can lead to gastritis, peptic ulcers, and malignancies such as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and gastric adenocarcinomas. Despite eliciting robust immune responses from the host, H. pylori thrives in the gastric mucosa by modulating host immunity, particularly by altering the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells, and dampening inflammatory responses adverse to its survival, posing challenges to clinical management. The interaction between H. pylori and host immune defenses is intricate, involving evasion of host recognition by modifying surface molecules, manipulating macrophage functionality, and modulating T cell responses to evade immune surveillance. This review analyzes the immunopathogenic and immune evasion mechanisms of H. pylori, underscoring the importance of identifying new therapeutic targets and developing effective treatment strategies, and discusses how the development of vaccines against H. pylori offers new hope for eradicating such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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6
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Sit WY, Cheng ML, Chen TJ, Chen CJ, Chen BN, Huang DJ, Chen PL, Chen YC, Lo CJ, Wu DC, Hsieh WC, Chang CT, Chen RH, Wang WC. Helicobacter pylori PldA modulates TNFR1-mediated p38 signaling pathways to regulate macrophage responses for its survival. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2409924. [PMID: 39369445 PMCID: PMC11457642 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2409924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota was associated with various gastrointestinal diseases and presents a significant challenge due to increasing antibiotic resistance. This study identifies H. pylori's phospholipase A (PldA) as a critical factor in modulating host macrophage responses, facilitating H. pylori 's evasion of the immune system and persistence. PldA alters membrane lipids through reversible acylation and deacylation, affecting their structure and function. We found that PldA incorporates lysophosphatidylethanolamine into macrophage membranes, disrupting their bilayer structure and impairing TNFR1-mediated p38-MK2 signaling. This disruption results in reduced macrophage autophagy and elevated RIP1-dependent apoptosis, thereby enhancing H. pylori survival, a mechanism also observed in multidrug-resistant strains. Pharmacological inhibition of PldA significantly decreases H. pylori viability and increases macrophage survival. In vivo studies corroborate PldA's essential role in H. pylori persistence and immune cell recruitment. Our findings position PldA as a pivotal element in H. pylori pathogenesis through TNFR1-mediated membrane modulation, offering a promising therapeutic target to counteract bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang Sit
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsan-Jan Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Jo Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bo-Nian Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ding-Jun Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Lien Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Ching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ting Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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7
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Marzhoseyni Z, Mousavi MJ, Ghotloo S. Helicobacter pylori antigens as immunomodulators of immune system. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13058. [PMID: 38380545 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogens and the leading cause of chronic infection in almost half of the population in the world (~59%). The bacterium is a major leading cause of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and two type of malignancies, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Despite the immune responses mounted by the host, the bacteria are not cleared from the body resulting in a chronic infection accompanied by a chronic inflammation. Herein, a review of the literature discussing H. pylori antigens modulating the immune responses is presented. The mechanisms that are involved in the modulation of innate immune response, include modulation of recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as modulation of recognition by toll like receptors (TLR)4 and TLR5, modulation of phagocytic function, and modulation of phagocytic killing mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). On the other hands, H. pylori modulates acquired immune response by the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs), modulation of apoptosis, induction of regulatory T cells, modulation of T helper (Th)1 response, and modulation of Th17 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Marzhoseyni
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghotloo
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Rodríguez-González J, Gutiérrez-Kobeh L. Apoptosis and its pathways as targets for intracellular pathogens to persist in cells. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:60. [PMID: 38112844 PMCID: PMC10730641 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a finely programmed process of cell death in which cells silently dismantle and actively participate in several operations such as immune response, differentiation, and cell growth. It can be initiated by three main pathways: the extrinsic, the perforin granzyme, and the intrinsic that culminate in the activation of several proteins in charge of tearing down the cell. On the other hand, apoptosis represents an ordeal for pathogens that live inside cells and maintain a strong dependency with them; thus, they have evolved multiple strategies to manipulate host cell apoptosis on their behalf. It has been widely documented that diverse intracellular bacteria, fungi, and parasites can interfere with most steps of the host cell apoptotic machinery to inhibit or induce apoptosis. Indeed, the inhibition of apoptosis is considered a virulence property shared by many intracellular pathogens to ensure productive replication. Some pathogens intervene at an early stage by interfering with the sensing of extracellular signals or transduction pathways. Others sense cellular stress or target the apoptosis regulator proteins of the Bcl-2 family or caspases. In many cases, the exact molecular mechanisms leading to the interference with the host cell apoptotic cascade are still unknown. However, intense research has been conducted to elucidate the strategies employed by intracellular pathogens to modulate host cell death. In this review, we summarize the main routes of activation of apoptosis and present several processes used by different bacteria, fungi, and parasites to modulate the apoptosis of their host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodríguez-González
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez,", Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Estudios Epidemiológicos, Clínicos, Diseños Experimentales e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Laila Gutiérrez-Kobeh
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez,", Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Ciudad de México, México.
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Quaresma TC, de Aguiar Valentim L, de Sousa JR, de Souza Aarão TL, Fuzii HT, Duarte MIS, de Souza J, Quaresma JAS. Immunohistochemical Characterization of M1, M2, and M4 Macrophages in Leprosy Skin Lesions. Pathogens 2023; 12:1225. [PMID: 37887741 PMCID: PMC10610015 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae is the etiological agent of leprosy. Macrophages (Mφs) are key players involved in the pathogenesis of leprosy. In this study, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the phenotype of Mφ subpopulations, namely M1, M2, and M4, in the skin lesions of patients diagnosed with leprosy. Based on the database of treatment-naïve patients treated between 2015 and 2019 at the Department of Dermatology of the University of the State of Pará, Belém, routine clinical screening samples were identified. The monolabeling protocol was used for M1 macrophages (iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α) and M2 macrophages (IL-10, IL-13, CD163, Arginase 1, TGF-β, FGFb), and the double-labeling protocol was used for M4 macrophages (IL-6, MMP7, MRP8, TNF-α e CD68). To confirm the M4 macrophage lineage, double labeling of the monoclonal antibodies CD68 and MRP8 was also performed. Our results demonstrated a statistically significant difference for the M1 phenotype among the Virchowian (VV) (4.5 ± 1.3, p < 0.0001), Borderline (1.6 ± 0.4, p < 0.0001), and tuberculoid (TT) (12.5 ± 1.8, p < 0.0001) clinical forms of leprosy. Additionally, the M2 phenotype showed a statistically significant difference among the VV (12.5 ± 2.3, p < 0.0001), Borderline (1.3 ± 0.2, p < 0.0001), and TT (3.2 ± 0.7, p < 0.0001) forms. For the M4 phenotype, a statistically significant difference was observed in the VV (9.8 ± 1.7, p < 0.0001), Borderline (1.2 ± 0.2, p < 0.0001), and TT (2.6 ± 0.7, p < 0.0001) forms. A significant correlation was observed between the VV M1 and M4 (r = 0.8712; p = 0.0000) and between the VV M2 × TT M1 (r = 0.834; p = 0.0002) phenotypes. The M1 Mφs constituted the predominant Mφ subpopulation in the TT and Borderline forms of leprosy, whereas the M2 Mφs showed increased immunoexpression and M4 was the predominant Mφ phenotype in VV leprosy. These results confirm the relationship of the Mφ profile with chronic pathological processes of the inflammatory response in leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Costa Quaresma
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Lívia de Aguiar Valentim
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Tinara Leila de Souza Aarão
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Para-UFPA, Altamira 68440-000, Brazil
| | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Health Department, Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para-NMT-UFPA, Belem 66055-240, Brazil
| | | | - Juarez de Souza
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Para-UFPA, Altamira 68440-000, Brazil
- Health Department, Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para-NMT-UFPA, Belem 66055-240, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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10
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Fuchs S, Gong R, Gerhard M, Mejías-Luque R. Immune Biology and Persistence of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Diseases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:83-115. [PMID: 38231216 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a prevalent pathogen, which affects more than 40% of the global population. It colonizes the human stomach and persists in its host for several decades or even a lifetime, if left untreated. The persistent infection has been linked to various gastric diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and an increased risk for gastric cancer. H. pylori infection triggers a strong immune response directed against the bacterium associated with the infiltration of innate phagocytotic immune cells and the induction of a Th1/Th17 response. Even though certain immune cells seem to be capable of controlling the infection, the host is unable to eliminate the bacteria as H. pylori has developed remarkable immune evasion strategies. The bacterium avoids its killing through innate recognition mechanisms and manipulates gastric epithelial cells and immune cells to support its persistence. This chapter focuses on the innate and adaptive immune response induced by H. pylori infection, and immune evasion strategies employed by the bacterium to enable persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Fuchs
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Department Preclinical Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Trogerstraße 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruolan Gong
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Department Preclinical Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Trogerstraße 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Department Preclinical Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Trogerstraße 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Department Preclinical Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Trogerstraße 30, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Lv H, Peng Z, Jia B, Jing H, Cao S, Xu Z, Dong W. Transcriptome analysis of PK-15 cells expressing CSFV NS4A. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:434. [PMID: 36503524 PMCID: PMC9742017 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe disease of pigs that results in huge economic losses worldwide and is caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV). CSFV nonstructural protein 4 A (NS4A) plays a crucial role in infectious CSFV particle formation. However, the function of NS4A during CSFV infection is not well understood. RESULTS: In this study, we used RNA-seq to investigate the functional role of CSFV NS4A in PK-15 cells. A total of 3893 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in PK-15 cells expressing NS4A compared to cells expressing the empty vector (NC). Twelve DEGs were selected and further verified by RT‒qPCR. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were associated with multiple biological functions, including cell adhesion, apoptosis, host defence response, the inflammatory response, the immune response, and autophagy. Interestingly, some genes associated with host immune defence and inflammatory response were downregulated, and some genes associated with host apoptosis and autophagy were upregulated. CONCLUSION CSFV NS4A inhibits the innate immune response, and suppresses the expression of important genes associated with defence response to viruses and inflammatory response, and regulates cell adhesion, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Lv
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Peng
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Jia
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyuan Jing
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sufang Cao
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Xu
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wang Dong
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Cheok YY, Tan GMY, Lee CYQ, Abdullah S, Looi CY, Wong WF. Innate Immunity Crosstalk with Helicobacter pylori: Pattern Recognition Receptors and Cellular Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147561. [PMID: 35886908 PMCID: PMC9317022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most successful gastric pathogens that has co-existed with human for centuries. H. pylori is recognized by the host immune system through human pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin like receptors (CLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), which activate downstream signaling pathways. Following bacterial recognition, the first responders of the innate immune system, including neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, eradicate the bacteria through phagocytic and inflammatory reaction. This review provides current understanding of the interaction between the innate arm of host immunity and H. pylori, by summarizing H. pylori recognition by PRRs, and the subsequent signaling pathway activation in host innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ying Cheok
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (G.M.Y.T.); (C.Y.Q.L.)
| | - Grace Min Yi Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (G.M.Y.T.); (C.Y.Q.L.)
| | - Chalystha Yie Qin Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (G.M.Y.T.); (C.Y.Q.L.)
| | - Suhailah Abdullah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (G.M.Y.T.); (C.Y.Q.L.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Latour YL, Sierra JC, Finley JL, Asim M, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Smith TM, McNamara KM, Luis PB, Schneider C, Jacobse J, Goettel JA, Calcutt MW, Rose KL, Schey KL, Milne GL, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Paul BD, Snyder SH, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Cystathionine γ-lyase exacerbates Helicobacter pylori immunopathogenesis by promoting macrophage metabolic remodeling and activation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e155338. [PMID: 35579952 PMCID: PMC9309056 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory response to the human stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori, which infects half of the world's population and causes gastric cancer. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of macrophage immunometabolism in their activation state and function. We have demonstrated that the cysteine-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) is upregulated in humans and mice with H. pylori infection. Here, we show that induction of CTH in macrophages by H. pylori promoted persistent inflammation. Cth-/- mice had reduced macrophage and T cell activation in H. pylori-infected tissues, an altered metabolome, and decreased enrichment of immune-associated gene networks, culminating in decreased H. pylori-induced gastritis. CTH is downstream of the proposed antiinflammatory molecule, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Whereas Cth-/- mice exhibited gastric SAM accumulation, WT mice treated with SAM did not display protection against H. pylori-induced inflammation. Instead, we demonstrated that Cth-deficient macrophages exhibited alterations in the proteome, decreased NF-κB activation, diminished expression of macrophage activation markers, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Thus, through altering cellular respiration, CTH is a key enhancer of macrophage activation, contributing to a pathogenic inflammatory response that is the universal precursor for the development of H. pylori-induced gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L. Latour
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Johanna C. Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jordan L. Finley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Margaret M. Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Thaddeus M. Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kara M. McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Program in Cancer Biology
| | | | - Claus Schneider
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, and
| | - Justin Jacobse
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jeremy A. Goettel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M. Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristie L. Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin L. Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bindu D. Paul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and
| | - Solomon H. Snyder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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14
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Wang XP, Wen B, Zhang XJ, Ma L, Liang XL, Zhang ML. Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Responding to Infection of Leghorn Male Hepatocellular Cells With Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:871038. [PMID: 35774982 PMCID: PMC9237548 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.871038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is a highly pathogenic virus with a broad host range that causes huge economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. RNA sequencing has provided valuable and important mechanistic clues regarding FAdV-4–host interactions. However, the pathogenic mechanism and host's responses after FAdV-4 infection remains limited. In this study, we used transcriptome analysis to identify dynamic changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at five characteristic stages (12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h) post infection (hpi) with FAdV-4. A total of 8,242 DEGs were identified based on comparison of five infection stages: 0 and 12, 12 and 24, 24 and 36, 36 and 48, and 48 and 60 hpi. In addition, at these five important time points, we found 37 common upregulated or downregulated DEGs, suggesting a common role for these genes in host response to viral infection. The predicted function of these DEGs using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that these DEGs were associated with viral invasion, host metabolic pathways and host immunosuppression. Interestingly, genes involved in viral invasion, probably EGR1, SOCS3, and THBS1, were related to FAdV-4 infection. Validation of nine randomly selected DEGs using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR produced results that were highly consistent with those of RNA sequencing. This transcriptomic profiling provides valuable information for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying host–FAdV-4 interactions. These data support the current molecular knowledge regarding FAdV-4 infection and chicken defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping P. Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xueping P. Wang
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiao J. Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xiu L. Liang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Ming L. Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
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15
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Xu YC, Liu GH, Xu YH, Zhao T, Zheng H, Tan XY. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the toxicological mechanism and risk assessment of environmentally-relevant waterborne tetracycline exposure on the gills of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151290. [PMID: 34743874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing application of tetracycline (TC) in medical treatment, animal husbandry and aquaculture in recent decades, high quantities of TC have been frequently detected in the aquatic environment, and accordingly TC-related toxicity and environmental pollution have become a global concern. The present study was performed to explore the toxicological influences of TC exposure at its environmentally relevant concentrations on the gills of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, based on the alteration in histopathology, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cell cycle, mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and transcriptomic analysis. Our findings revealed that TC exposure damaged the structure and function, induced oxidative stress, affected inflammatory responses, and reduced Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in the gills. TC also caused the inhibition in cell cycle, resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and activated apoptosis. Further transcriptomic analysis indicated the extensive influences of TC exposure on the gill function, and immune system was the main target to waterborne TC exposure. These results elucidated that environmental TC had more complex toxicological effects on gills of fish than previously assessed, and provided novel insight into molecular toxicology of TC on fish and good basis for assessing the environmental risk of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chuang Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Huan Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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16
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Miller AK, Tavera G, Dominguez RL, Camargo MC, Waterboer T, Wilson KT, Williams SM, Morgan DR. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) gene variant (rs2302615) is associated with gastric cancer independently of Helicobacter pylori CagA serostatus. Oncogene 2021; 40:5963-5969. [PMID: 34376808 PMCID: PMC8692072 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary cause of gastric cancer is chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), particularly the high-risk genotype cagA, and risk modification by human genetic variants. We studied 94 variants in 54 genes for association with gastric cancer, including rs2302615 in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), which may affect response to chemoprevention with the ODC inhibitor, eflornithine (difluoromethylornithine; DFMO). Our population-based, case-control study included 1366 individuals (664 gastric cancer cases and 702 controls) from Western Honduras, a high incidence region of Latin America. CagA seropositivity was strongly associated with cancer (OR = 3.6; 95% CI: 2.6, 5.1). The ODC1 variant rs2302615 was associated with gastric cancer (OR = 1.36; p = 0.018) in a model adjusted for age, sex, and CagA serostatus. Two additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CASP1 (rs530537) and TLR4 (rs1927914) genes were also associated with gastric cancer in univariate models as well as models adjusted for age, sex, and CagA serostatus. The ODC1 SNP association with gastric cancer was stronger in individuals who carried the TT genotype at the associating TLR4 polymorphism, rs1927914 (OR = 1.77; p = 1.85 × 10-3). In conclusion, the ODC1 variant, rs2302615, is associated with gastric cancer and supports chemoprevention trials with DFMO, particularly in individuals homozygous for the T allele at rs1927914.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Miller
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gloria Tavera
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ricardo L Dominguez
- Hospital de Occidente, Ministry of Health, Santa Rosa de Copan, Copan, Honduras
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Douglas R Morgan
- UAB Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.
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17
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McNamara KM, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. The role of polyamines in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:4399-4412. [PMID: 34108618 PMCID: PMC8262120 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in our understanding of polyamine molecular and cellular functions have led to increased interest in targeting polyamine metabolism for anticancer therapeutic benefits. The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are polycationic alkylamines commonly found in all living cells and are essential for cellular growth and survival. This review summarizes the existing research on polyamine metabolism and function, specifically the role of polyamines in gastric immune cell and epithelial cell function. Polyamines have been implicated in a multitude of cancers, but in this review, we focus on the role of polyamine dysregulation in the context of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and subsequent progression to gastric cancer. Due to the emerging implication of polyamines in cancer development, there is an increasing number of promising clinical trials using agents to target the polyamine metabolic pathway for potential chemoprevention and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M. McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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18
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Li J, Meng Y, Wu X, Sun Y. Polyamines and related signaling pathways in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:539. [PMID: 33292222 PMCID: PMC7643453 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are aliphatic compounds with more than two amino groups that play various important roles in human cells. In cancer, polyamine metabolism dysfunction often occurs, and regulatory mechanisms of polyamine. This review summarizes the existing research on the metabolism and transport of polyamines to study the association of oncogenes and related signaling pathways with polyamines in tumor cells. Drugs that regulate enzymes have been developed for cancer treatment, and in the future, more attention should be paid to treatment strategies that simultaneously modulate polyamine metabolism and carcinogenic signaling pathways. In addition, the polyamine pathway is a potential target for cancer chemoprevention. As an irreversible suicide inhibitor of the ornithine decarboxylase (a vital enzyme of polyamine synthesis), Difluoro-methylornithine had been shown to have the chemoprevention effect on cancer. Therefore, we summarized and analyzed the chemoprophylaxis effect of the difluoromethylornithine in this systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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19
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Latour YL, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. The role of polyamines in the regulation of macrophage polarization and function. Amino Acids 2020; 52:151-160. [PMID: 31016375 PMCID: PMC6812587 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polyamines are ubiquitously distributed and play important roles in cell development, amino acid and protein synthesis, oxidative DNA damage, proliferation, and cellular differentiation. Macrophages are essential in the innate immune response, and contribute to tissue remodeling. Naïve macrophages have two major potential fates: polarization to (1) the classical pro-inflammatory M1 defense response to bacterial pathogens and tumor cells, and (2) the alternatively activated M2 response, induced in the presence of parasites and wounding, and also implicated in the development of tumor-associated macrophages. ODC, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, leads to an increase in putrescine levels, which impairs M1 gene transcription. Additionally, spermidine and spermine can regulate translation of pro-inflammatory mediators in activated macrophages. In this review, we focus on polyamines in macrophage activation patterns in the context of gastrointestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. We seek to clarify mechanisms of innate immune regulation by polyamine metabolism and potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Latour
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Room 1030C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Room 1030C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Room 1030C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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20
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Zhang Y, Gao J, Sun W, Wen X, Xi Y, Wang Y, Wei C, Xu C, Li H. H 2S restores the cardioprotective effects of ischemic post-conditioning by upregulating HB-EGF/EGFR signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:1745-1758. [PMID: 30912763 PMCID: PMC6461169 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) reduces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and apoptosis and restores the cardioprotective effects of ischemic post-conditioning (PC) in aged cardiomyocytes by inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress and increasing autophagy. However, the mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we observed a loss of PC-mediated cardioprotection of aged cardiomyocytes. NaHS (a H2S donor) exerted significant protective effects against H/R-induced cell damage, apoptosis, production of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9, and release of cytochrome c. NaHS also reversed the H/R-induced reduction in cell viability and increased HB-EGF expression, cellular HB-EGF content, and EGFR phosphorylation. Additionally, NaHS increased expression of Bcl-2, c-myc, c-fos and c-jun, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PI3K, Akt and GSK-3β. PC alone did not provide protection to H/R-treated aged cardiomyocytes, but it was significantly restored by supplementation of NaHS. The beneficial effects of NaHS during PC were inhibited by EGFR knockdown, AG1478 (EGFR inhibitor), PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) or LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). These results suggest that exogenous H2S restores PC-mediated cardioprotection by up-regulating HB-EGF/EGFR signaling, which activates the ERK1/2-c-myc (and fos and c-jun) and PI3K-Akt- GSK-3β pathways in the aged cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhou Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Osteology, the First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Weiming Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxin Xi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Wang XP, Qi XF, Yang B, Chen SY, Wang JY. RNA-Seq analysis of duck embryo fibroblast cell gene expression during the early stage of egg drop syndrome virus infection. Poult Sci 2019; 98:404-412. [PMID: 30690613 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV), a member of the family Adenoviridae and an economically important pathogen with a broad host range, leads to markedly decreased egg production. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the host-EDSV interaction remains unclear. Here, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to study the dynamic changes in host gene expression at 6, 12, and 24 hours post-infection in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) infected with EDSV. Atotal of 441 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after EDSV infection. Gene Ontology category and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were associated with multiple biological functions, including signal transduction, host immunity, virus infection, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and pathogenicity-related and metabolic process signaling pathways. We screened and identified 12 DEGs for further examination by using qRT-PCR. The qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq results were highly consistent. This study analyzed viral infection and host immunity induced by EDSV infection from a novel perspective, and the results provide valuable information regarding the mechanisms underlying host-EDSV interactions, which will prove useful for the future development of antiviral drugs or vaccines for poultry, thus benefiting the entire poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - X F Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - B Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - S Y Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - J Y Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Resolution of Gastric Cancer-Promoting Inflammation: A Novel Strategy for Anti-cancer Therapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:319-359. [PMID: 31123895 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The connection between inflammation and cancer was initially recognized by Rudolf Virchow in the nineteenth century. During the last decades, a large body of evidence has provided support to his hypothesis, and now inflammation is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, both in etiopathogenesis and ongoing tumor growth. Infection with the pathogen Helicobacter pylori is the primary causal factor in 90% of gastric cancer (GC) cases. As we increase our understanding of how chronic inflammation develops in the stomach and contributes to carcinogenesis, there is increasing interest in targeting cancer-promoting inflammation as a strategy to treat GC. Moreover, once cancer develops and anti-cancer immune responses are suppressed, there is evidence of a substantial shift in the microenvironment and new targets for immune therapy emerge. In this chapter, we provide insight into inflammation-related factors, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, pro-inflammatory chemokines, and cytokines, which promote H. pylori-associated GC initiation and growth. While intervening with chronic inflammation is not a new practice in rheumatology or gastroenterology, this approach has not been fully explored for its potential to prevent carcinogenesis or to contribute to the treatment of GC. This review highlights current and possible strategies for therapeutic intervention including (i) targeting pro-inflammatory mediators, (ii) targeting growth factors and pathways involved in angiogenesis in the gastric tumor microenvironment, and (iii) enhancing anti-tumor immunity. In addition, we highlight a significant number of clinical trials and discuss the importance of individual tumor characterization toward offering personalized immune-related therapy.
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Induction of TNF, CXCL8 and IL-1β in macrophages by Helicobacter pylori secreted protein HP1173 occurs via MAP-kinases, NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:295-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Zhang X, Liu CJ. Immune response and immune escape mechanism in Helicobacter pylori infection. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1832-1842. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i31.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium which is parasitic on the surface of the gastric mucosa, and it is a causative agent in the development of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and lymphoid tissue lymphoma associated with the gastric mucosa. After H. pylori infection, the bacterium is first recognized by the pattern recognition receptors of immune cells, which in turn causes the innate immune and adaptive immune responses, but these responses are usually insufficient to eliminate bacterial infections. H. pylori can evade the identification and clearance by the immune system by modifying and attenuating the immunogenicity of its pathogen-associated molecular patterns, regulating the immune responses of innate immune cells and T cells, and leading to persistent infection. A thorough understanding of the immune response and immune escape mechanism in H. pylori infection is of great significance for eliminating H. pylori infection and controlling the occurrence of H. pylori infection-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, the Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China,Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chun-Jie Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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25
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Hop HT, Arayan LT, Huy TXN, Reyes AWB, Vu SH, Min W, Lee HJ, Rhee MH, Chang HH, Kim S. The Key Role of c-Fos for Immune Regulation and Bacterial Dissemination in Brucella Infected Macrophage. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:287. [PMID: 30186773 PMCID: PMC6110913 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular oncogene c-Fos (c-Fos) is a component of activator protein 1 (AP1), a master transcriptional regulator of cells. The suppression of c-Fos signaling by siRNA treatment resulted in significant induction of TLR4, which subsequently activates p38 and ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and enhances F-actin polymerization, leading to an increase in B. abortus phagocytosis. During B. abortus infection, c-Fos signaling is induced, which activates the downstream innate-immunity signaling cascade for bacterial clearance. The inhibition of c-Fos signaling led to increased production of interleukin 10 (IL-10), which partially suppressed lysosome-mediated killing, resulting in increased survival of B. abortus inside macrophages. We present evidence of the regulatory role played by the c-Fos pathway in proliferation during B. abortus infection; however, this was independent of the anti-Brucella effect of this pathway. Another finding is the essential contribution of c-Fos/TRAIL to infected-cell necrosis, which is a key event in bacterial dissemination. These data provide the mechanism via which c-Fos participates in host defense mechanisms against Brucella infection and in bacterial dissemination by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh T Hop
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Lauren T Arayan
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Tran X N Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Alisha W B Reyes
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Son H Vu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - WonGi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hu J Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Man H Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hong H Chang
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Fu Y, Wu HQ, Cui HL, Li YY, Li CZ. Gastroprotective and anti-ulcer effects of oxymatrine against several gastric ulcer models in rats: Possible roles of antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and prosurvival mechanisms. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2047-2058. [PMID: 30024074 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Department of Paediatrics; Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province; Xinxiang 453000 China
| | - Huan-qing Wu
- Department of Paediatrics; Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province; Xinxiang 453000 China
| | - Huai-liang Cui
- Department of Paediatrics; Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province; Xinxiang 453000 China
| | - Yue-yun Li
- Department of Paediatrics; Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province; Xinxiang 453000 China
| | - Chang-zheng Li
- Institute of biological life sciences; Xinxiang Medical University; Xinxiang 453003 China
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Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis Require Jun N-Terminal Protein Kinase- and p53-Mediated p38 Activation in Human Trophoblasts. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00923-17. [PMID: 29339463 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00923-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, has been implicated as a causative agent of preterm delivery of low-birth-weight infants. We previously reported that P. gingivalis activated cellular DNA damage signaling pathways and ERK1/2 that lead to G1 arrest and apoptosis in extravillous trophoblast cells (HTR-8 cells) derived from the human placenta. In the present study, we further examined alternative signaling pathways mediating cellular damage caused by P. gingivalis. P. gingivalis infection of HTR-8 cells induced phosphorylation of p38 and Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), while their inhibitors diminished both G1 arrest and apoptosis. In addition, heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) was phosphorylated through both p38 and JNK, and knockdown of HSP27 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented both G1 arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, regulation of G1 arrest and apoptosis was associated with p21 expression. HTR-8 cells infected with P. gingivalis exhibited upregulation of p21, which was regulated by p53 and HSP27. These results suggest that P. gingivalis induces G1 arrest and apoptosis via novel molecular pathways that involve p38 and JNK with its downstream effectors in human trophoblasts.
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Aslani F, Sebastian T, Keidel M, Fröhlich S, Elsässer HP, Schuppe HC, Klug J, Mahavadi P, Fijak M, Bergmann M, Meinhardt A, Bhushan S. Resistance to apoptosis and autophagy leads to enhanced survival in Sertoli cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:370-380. [PMID: 28379541 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the underlying mechanism of Sertoli cell (SC) resistance to cell death? SUMMARY ANSWER High expression of prosurvival B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) proteins and inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy prolongs SC survival upon exposure to stress stimuli. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In human and in experimental models of orchitis, tolerogenic SC survive stress conditions, while germ cells undergo massive apoptosis. In general, non-dividing highly differentiated cells tend to resist stress conditions for a longer time by favoring activation of prosurvival mechanisms and inhibition of cell death pathways. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this cross sectional study, conditions stimulating apoptosis and autophagy were used to induce cell death in primary rat SC. Primary rat peritubular cells (PTC) and immortalized rat 93RS2 SC were used as controls. Each cell isolation was counted as one experiment (n = 1), and each experiment was repeated three to six times. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Testis biopsy samples from infertile or subfertile patients and testis samples from rats with experimental autoimmune orchitis were used for immunohistological analysis. Primary SC were isolated from 19-day-old male Wistar rats. To maintain cell purity, cells were cultured in serum-free medium for apoptosis experiments and in medium supplemented with 1% serum for autophagy analyses. To induce apoptosis, cells were stimulated with staurosporine, borrelidin, cisplatin and etoposide for 4 or 24 h. Caspase three activation was examined by immunoblotting and enzymatic activity assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester followed by flow cytometric analysis. Cytochrome c release was monitored by immunofluorescence. Cell viability was determined using the methylthiazole tetrazolium assay. To monitor autophagy flux, cells were deprived of nutrients using Hank's balanced salt solution for 1, 2 and 3 h. Formation of autophagosomes was analyzed by using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence labeling and ultrastructural analyses. Relative mRNA levels of genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated. Extracellular high mobility group box protein one was measured as a marker of necrosis using ELISA. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE SC survive the inflammatory conditions in vivo in human testis and in experimental autoimmune orchitis. Treatment with apoptosis inducing chemotherapeutics did not cause caspase three activation in isolated rat SC. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial localization of cytochrome c were not changed by treatment with staurosporine, suggesting a premitochondrial blockade of apoptosis in SC. Expression levels of prosurvival BCL2 family members were significantly higher in SC compared to PTC at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, after nutrient starvation, autophagy signaling was initiated in SC as observed by decreased levels of phosphorylated UNC- 51-like kinase -1 (ULK1). However, levels of light chain 3 II (LC3 II) and sequestosome1 (SQSTM1) remained unchanged, indicating blockade of the autophagy flux. Lysosomal activity was intact in SC as shown by accumulation of LC3 II following administration of lysosomal protease inhibitors, indicating that inhibition of autophagy flux occurs at a preceding stage. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In this study, we have used primary SC from prepubertal rats. Caution should be taken when translating our results to adult animals, where crosstalk with other testicular cells and hormonal factors may also play a role in regulating survival of SC. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results suggest that inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis following exposure to extrinsic stress stimuli promotes SC survival, and is a possible mechanism to explain the robustness of SC in response to stress. Cell death resistance in SC is crucial for the recovery of spermatogenesis after chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients. Additionally, understanding the molecular mechanisms of SC survival unravels valuable target proteins, such as BCL2, that may be manipulated therapeutically to control cell viability depending on the context of the disease. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Grant BH93/1-1, and by the International Research Training Group between Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Monash University, Melbourne (GRK 1871/1) funded by the DFG and Monash University. The support of the Medical Faculty of Justus-Liebig University of Giessen is gratefully acknowledged. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferial Aslani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Tim Sebastian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Miguel Keidel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Suada Fröhlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Elsässer
- Department of Cell Biology and Cytopathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Klug
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Poornima Mahavadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Monika Fijak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Martin Bergmann
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
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A Novel Role of Irbesartan in Gastroprotection against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats: Targeting DDAH/ADMA and EGFR/ERK Signaling. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29523851 PMCID: PMC5844881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) as intriguing gastroprotective candidates and the superior pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics displayed by irbesartan compared to many other ARBs raised the interest to investigate its gastroprotective potential in a rat model of gastric injury. Irbesartan (50 mg/Kg) was orally administered to male Wistar rats once daily for 14 days; thereafter gastric injury was induced by indomethacin (60 mg/Kg, p.o). Irbesartan reduced gastric ulcer index, gastric acidity, and ameliorated indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal apoptotic and inflammatory aberrations, as demonstrated by hampering caspase-3, prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression. This ARB increased mucosal dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) gene expression and decreased elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (pERK1/2). Histopathological evaluation corroborated biochemical findings. Overall efficacy of irbesartan was comparable to ranitidine, the widely used H2 receptor blocker. In conclusion, irbesartan exerts significant gastroprotection against indomethacin-induced mucosal damage via acid-inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and extracellular matrix remodeling mechanisms that are probably mediated, at least partly, by down-regulating DDAH/ADMA and EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling.
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Huang W, Chen C, Liu X. Hindlimb suspension-induced cell apoptosis in the posterior parietal cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus: corresponding changes in c-Fos protein and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2018-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are modulated during in vitro and in vivo infection with the intracellular bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:2147-2154. [PMID: 28856457 PMCID: PMC5653709 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes the disease melioidosis. The disease can be fatal if left untreated or when antibiotic therapy is delayed and total clearance of the pathogen from the host is often not accomplished with current therapies. Thus, new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of infections caused by B. pseudomallei are required. To better understand host responses to B. pseudomallei infection, the activation of key proteins involved in the TLR inflammatory cascade was measured by western blotting. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 and ERK were both significantly altered during both in vitro and in vivo infection. In considering an approach for therapy of B. pseudomallei infection the inhibition of ERK was achieved in vitro using the inhibitor PD0325901, along with decreased TNF-α production. However, the reduction in phosphorylated ERK and TNF-α release did not correspond with decreased bacterial replication or enhance clearance from infected macrophages. Despite this apparent lack of effect on the intracellular growth of B. pseudomallei in vitro, it is not clear what effect inhibition of ERK activation might have on outcome of disease in vivo. It may be that decreasing the levels of TNF-α in vivo could aid in reducing the overactive immune response that is known to ensue following B. pseudomallei infection, thereby increasing host survival.
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Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Polyamine- and NADPH-dependent generation of ROS during Helicobacter pylori infection: A blessing in disguise. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:16-27. [PMID: 27682363 PMCID: PMC5366100 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that specifically colonizes the gastric ecological niche. During the infectious process, which results in diseases ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer, the host response is characterized by the activation of the innate immunity of gastric epithelial cells and macrophages. These cells thus produce effector molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) to counteract the infection. The generation of ROS in response to H. pylori involves two canonical pathways: 1) the NADPH-dependent reduction of molecular oxygen to generate O2•-, which can dismute to generate ROS; and 2) the back-conversion of the polyamine spermine into spermidine through the enzyme spermine oxidase, leading to H2O2 production. Although these products have the potential to affect the survival of bacteria, H. pylori has acquired numerous strategies to counteract their deleterious effects. Nonetheless, ROS-mediated oxidative DNA damage and mutations may participate in the adaptation of H. pylori to its ecological niche. Lastly, ROS have been shown to play a major role in the development of the inflammation and carcinogenesis. It is the purpose of this review to summarize the literature about the production of ROS during H. pylori infection and their role in this infectious gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, United States; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, United States
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, United States; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, United States; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, United States; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.
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Tavares R, Pathak SK. Helicobacter pylori Secreted Protein HP1286 Triggers Apoptosis in Macrophages via TNF-Independent and ERK MAPK-Dependent Pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:58. [PMID: 28293545 PMCID: PMC5329642 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages constitute a powerful line of defense against H. pylori. The final disease outcome is highly dependent on the bacterial ability to modulate the effector functions of activated macrophages. Here, we report that H. pylori secreted protein HP1286 is a novel regulator of macrophage responses. Differential expression and release of HP1286 homologues were observed among H. pylori strains. Recombinant purified HP1286 (rHP1286) had the ability to bind to primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and macrophage cell lines. Exposure to rHP1286 induced apoptosis in macrophages in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Although interaction of rHP1286 was observed for several other cell types, such as human monocytes, differentiated neutrophil-like HL60 cells, and the T lymphocyte Jurkat cell line, rHP1286 failed to induce apoptosis under similar conditions, indicating a macrophage-specific effect of the protein. A mutant strain of H. pylori lacking HP1286 protein expression was significantly impaired in its ability to induce apoptosis in macrophages. Significantly higher caspase 3 activity was detected in rHP1286-challenged macrophages. Furthermore, rHP1286-induced macrophages apoptosis was not inhibited in the presence of neutralizing antibodies against TNF. These observations indicate that rHP1286 induced a caspase-dependent and TNF-independent macrophage apoptosis. Pre-treatment of macrophages with U0126, an inhibitor of the ERK MAPK signaling pathway significantly reduced rHP1286-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, nuclear translocation of ERK and phosphorylation of c-Fos was detected in rHP1286-treated macrophages. These results provide functional insight into the potential role of HP1286 during H. pylori infection. Considering the ability of HP1286 to induce macrophage apoptosis, the protein could possibly help in the bacterial escape from the activated macrophages and persistence in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Tavares
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sushil Kumar Pathak
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
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Ornithine decarboxylase regulates M1 macrophage activation and mucosal inflammation via histone modifications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E751-E760. [PMID: 28096401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614958114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation is a critical step in host responses during bacterial infections. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine metabolism, has been well studied in epithelial cells and is known to have essential roles in many different cellular functions. However, its role in regulating macrophage function during bacterial infections is not well characterized. We demonstrate that macrophage-derived ODC is a critical regulator of M1 macrophage activation during both Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter rodentium infection. Myeloid-specific Odc deletion significantly increased gastric and colonic inflammation, respectively, and enhanced M1 activation. Add-back of putrescine, the product of ODC, reversed the increased macrophage activation, indicating that ODC and putrescine are regulators of macrophage function. Odc-deficient macrophages had increased histone 3, lysine 4 (H3K4) monomethylation, and H3K9 acetylation, accompanied by decreased H3K9 di/trimethylation both in vivo and ex vivo in primary macrophages. These alterations in chromatin structure directly resulted in up-regulated gene transcription, especially M1 gene expression. Thus, ODC in macrophages tempers antimicrobial, M1 macrophage responses during bacterial infections through histone modifications and altered euchromatin formation, leading to the persistence and pathogenesis of these organisms.
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Saint RJ, D'Elia RV, Bryant C, Clark GC, Atkins HS. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are modulated during Francisella tularensis infection, but inhibition of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) is of limited therapeutic benefit. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:2015-2024. [PMID: 27714591 PMCID: PMC5138274 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes the disease tularemia. The disease can be fatal if left untreated and there is currently no licenced vaccine available; the identification of new therapeutic targets is therefore required. Toll-like receptors represent an interesting target for therapeutic modulation due to their essential role in generating immune responses. In this study, we analysed the in vitro expression of the key mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38, JNK and ERK in murine alveolar macrophages during infection with F. tularensis. The phosphorylation profile of ERK highlighted its potential as a target for therapeutic modulation and subsequently the effect of ERK manipulation was measured in a lethal intranasal F. tularensis in vivo model of infection. The selective ERK1/2 inhibitor PD0325901 was administered orally to mice either pre- or post-challenge with F. tularensis strain LVS. Both treatment regimens selectively reduced ERK expression, but only the pre-exposure treatment produced decreased bacterial burden in the spleen and liver, which correlated with a significant reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. However, no overall improvements in survival were observed for treated animals in this study. ERK may represent a useful therapeutic target where selective dampening of the immune response (to control the damaging pathology seen during infection) is combined with antibiotic treatment required to eradicate bacterial infection. This combination treatment strategy has been shown to be effective in other models of tularemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Saint
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - R V D'Elia
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - C Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - G C Clark
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - H S Atkins
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK.,University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Zhang L, Wang P, Qin Y, Cong Q, Shao C, Du Z, Ni X, Li P, Ding K. RN1, a novel galectin-3 inhibitor, inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo via blocking galectin-3 associated signaling pathways. Oncogene 2016; 36:1297-1308. [PMID: 27617577 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has been implicated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and its candidacy as a therapeutic target has been evaluated. Gal-3 is widely upregulated in tumors, and its expression is associated with the development and malignancy of PDAC. In the present study, we demonstrate that a polysaccharide, RN1, purified from the flower of Panax notoginseng binds to Gal-3 and suppresses its expression. In addition, RN1 markedly inhibits PDAC cells growth in vitro, in vivo and in patient-derived xenografts. Mechanistically, RN1 binds to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Gal-3, thereby disrupting the interaction between Gal-3 and EGFR and downregulating extracellular-related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and the transcription factor of Gal-3, Runx1 expression. Inhibiting the expression of Runx1 by RN1, suppresses Gal-3 expression and inactivates Gal-3-associated signaling pathways, including the EGFR/ERK/Runx1, BMP/smad/Id-3 and integrin/FAK/JNK signaling pathways. In addition, RN1 can also bind to bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPR1A and BMPR2) and block the interaction between Gal-3 and the BMPRs. Thus, our results suggest that a novel Gal-3 inhibitor RN1 may be a potential candidate for human PDAC treatment via multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - P Wang
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Qin
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Cong
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - C Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Du
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - X Ni
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - P Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - K Ding
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Hardbower DM, Singh K, Asim M, Verriere TG, Olivares-Villagómez D, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Washington MK, Peek RM, Piazuelo MB, Wilson KT. EGFR regulates macrophage activation and function in bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3296-312. [PMID: 27482886 DOI: 10.1172/jci83585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR signaling regulates macrophage function, but its role in bacterial infection has not been investigated. Here, we assessed the role of macrophage EGFR signaling during infection with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterial pathogen that causes persistent inflammation and gastric cancer. EGFR was phosphorylated in murine and human macrophages during H. pylori infection. In human gastric tissues, elevated levels of phosphorylated EGFR were observed throughout the histologic cascade from gastritis to carcinoma. Deleting Egfr in myeloid cells attenuated gastritis and increased H. pylori burden in infected mice. EGFR deficiency also led to a global defect in macrophage activation that was associated with decreased cytokine, chemokine, and NO production. We observed similar alterations in macrophage activation and disease phenotype in the Citrobacter rodentium model of murine infectious colitis. Mechanistically, EGFR signaling activated NF-κB and MAPK1/3 pathways to induce cytokine production and macrophage activation. Although deletion of Egfr had no effect on DC function, EGFR-deficient macrophages displayed impaired Th1 and Th17 adaptive immune responses to H. pylori, which contributed to decreased chronic inflammation in infected mice. Together, these results indicate that EGFR signaling is central to macrophage function in response to enteric bacterial pathogens and is a potential therapeutic target for infection-induced inflammation and associated carcinogenesis.
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Hardbower DM, Asim M, Murray-Stewart T, Casero RA, Verriere T, Lewis ND, Chaturvedi R, Piazuelo MB, Wilson KT. Arginase 2 deletion leads to enhanced M1 macrophage activation and upregulated polyamine metabolism in response to Helicobacter pylori infection. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2375-88. [PMID: 27074721 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We reported that arginase 2 (ARG2) deletion results in increased gastritis and decreased bacterial burden during Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. Our studies implicated a potential role for inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS2), as Arg2 (-/-) mice exhibited increased NOS2 levels in gastric macrophages, and NO can kill H. pylori. We now bred Arg2 (-/-) to Nos2 (-/-) mice, and infected them with H. pylori. Compared to wild-type mice, both Arg2 (-/-) and Arg2 (-/-) ;Nos2 (-/-) mice exhibited increased gastritis and decreased colonization, the latter indicating that the effect of ARG2 deletion on bacterial burden was not mediated by NO. While Arg2 (-/-) mice demonstrated enhanced M1 macrophage activation, Nos2 (-/-) and Arg2 (-/-) ;Nos2 (-/-) mice did not demonstrate these changes, but exhibited increased CXCL1 and CXCL2 responses. There was an increased expression of the Th1/Th17 cytokines, interferon gamma and interleukin 17, in gastric tissues and splenic T-cells from Arg2 (-/-), but not Nos2 (-/-) or Arg2 (-/-) ;Nos2 (-/-) mice. Gastric tissues from infected Arg2 (-/-) mice demonstrated increased expression of arginase 1, ornithine decarboxylase, adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1, spermidine/spermine N (1)-acetyltransferase 1, and spermine oxidase, along with increased spermine levels. These data indicate that ARG2 deletion results in compensatory upregulation of gastric polyamine synthesis and catabolism during H. pylori infection, which may contribute to increased gastric inflammation and associated decreased bacterial load. Overall, the finding of this study is that ARG2 contributes to the immune evasion of H. pylori by restricting M1 macrophage activation and polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Hardbower
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1030C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- The Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- The Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Verriere
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nuruddeen D Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1030C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Cyclovirobuxinum D alleviates cardiac hypertrophy in hyperthyroid rats by preventing apoptosis of cardiac cells and inhibiting the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 23:770-778. [PMID: 27048408 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the underlying mechanisms of cyclovirobuxinum D (Cvb-D) on alleviating cardiac hypertrophy in rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group; levothyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy group (model); levothyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy + Cvb-D group (Cvb-D); levothyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy + captopril group (captopril); levothyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy + SB203580 group (SB203580), n=10 for each group. Rats were daily administered the respective drugs continuously for14 days by gastric gavage. A rat model of cardiac hypertrophy was established by intraperitoneal injection of levothyroxine to investigate whether Cvb-D protects against cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and preventing apoptosis of cardiac cells. RESULTS Treatment with Cvb-D significantly deceased left ventricle hypertrophy, improved the histopathology, hemodynamic conditions, and cardiac function in rats with cardiac hypertrophy. Compared with the normal control group, in rats with cardiac hypertrophy, expression of bax in the heart and phospho-p38 MAPK protein levels were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01 or 0.05), whereas the bcl-2 protein level was down-regulated (P<0.01). In contrast, Cvb-D treatment reversed the changes in bax and phospho-p38 MAPK protein levels but increased the bcl-2 protein level (P<0.01 or 0.05), and these effects were similar to those of captopril and SB203580 (a specific p38MAPK inhibitor) treatment. Furthermore, both Cvb-D, captopril and SB203580 reduced mRNA expression of p38α, p38β, c-fos, and c-jun mRNA, and Cvb-D had a stronger effect (P<0.01). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that Cvb-D protects against cardiac hypertrophy, which is possibly mediated by prevention of cardiac cell apoptosis and inhibition of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.
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40
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Liu J, Wang F, Luo H, Liu A, Li K, Li C, Jiang Y. Protective effect of butyrate against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice by promoting the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and mucosal defense mechanisms. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 30:179-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sica A, Erreni M, Allavena P, Porta C. Macrophage polarization in pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4111-26. [PMID: 26210152 PMCID: PMC11113543 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are cells of the innate immunity constituting the mononuclear phagocyte system and endowed with remarkable different roles essential for defense mechanisms, development of tissues, and homeostasis. They derive from hematopoietic precursors and since the early steps of fetal life populate peripheral tissues, a process continuing throughout adult life. Although present essentially in every organ/tissue, macrophages are more abundant in the gastro-intestinal tract, liver, spleen, upper airways, and brain. They have phagocytic and bactericidal activity and produce inflammatory cytokines that are important to drive adaptive immune responses. Macrophage functions are settled in response to microenvironmental signals, which drive the acquisition of polarized programs, whose extremes are simplified in the M1 and M2 dichotomy. Functional skewing of monocyte/macrophage polarization occurs in physiological conditions (e.g., ontogenesis and pregnancy), as well as in pathology (allergic and chronic inflammation, tissue repair, infection, and cancer) and is now considered a key determinant of disease development and/or regression. Here, we will review evidence supporting a dynamic skewing of macrophage functions in disease, which may provide a basis for macrophage-centered therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Marco Erreni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy
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Interactions between Myc and Mediators of Inflammation in Chronic Liver Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:276850. [PMID: 26508814 PMCID: PMC4609837 DOI: 10.1155/2015/276850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are characterized by inflammatory processes with aberrant expressions of various pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in the liver. These mediators are the driving force of many inflammatory liver disorders, which often result in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver tumorigenesis. c-Myc is involved in many cellular events such as cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. c-Myc upregulates IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β, while IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, and TGF-β promote c-Myc expression. Their interactions play a central role in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Molecular interference of their interactions offers possible therapeutic potential for CLDs. In this review, current knowledge of the molecular interactions between c-Myc and various well known inflammatory mediators is discussed.
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Suppression of cell division-associated genes by Helicobacter pylori attenuates proliferation of RAW264.7 monocytic macrophage cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11046. [PMID: 26078204 PMCID: PMC4468580 DOI: 10.1038/srep11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori at multiplicity of infection (MOI ≥ 50) have been shown to cause apoptosis in RAW264.7 monocytic macrophage cells. Because chronic gastric infection by H. pylori results in the persistence of macrophages in the host's gut, it is likely that H. pylori is present at low to moderate, rather than high numbers in the infected host. At present, the effect of low-MOI H. pylori infection on macrophage has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide transcriptional regulation of H. pylori-infected RAW264.7 cells at MOI 1, 5 and 10 in the absence of cellular apoptosis. Microarray data revealed up- and down-regulation of 1341 and 1591 genes, respectively. The expression of genes encoding for DNA replication and cell cycle-associated molecules, including Aurora-B kinase (AurkB) were down-regulated. Immunoblot analysis verified the decreased expression of AurkB and downstream phosphorylation of Cdk1 caused by H. pylori infection. Consistently, we observed that H. pylori infection inhibited cell proliferation and progression through the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints. In summary, we suggest that H. pylori disrupts expression of cell cycle-associated genes, thereby impeding proliferation of RAW264.7 cells, and such disruption may be an immunoevasive strategy utilized by H. pylori.
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Subhash VV, Ho B. Inflammation and proliferation - a causal event of host response to Helicobacter pylori infection. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2015; 161:1150-1160. [PMID: 25721850 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major aetiological agent in the development of various gastroduodenal diseases. Its persistence in gastric mucosa is determined by the interaction between various host, microbial and environmental factors. The bacterium colonizes the gastric epithelium and induces activation of various chemokine mediators, including NFκB, the master regulator of inflammation. H. pylori infection is also associated with an increase in expression of cell cycle regulators, thereby leading to mucosal cell hyper-proliferation. Thus, H. pylori-associated infections manifest activation of key host response events, which inadvertently could lead to the establishment of chronic infection and neoplastic progression. This article reviews and elaborates the current knowledge in H. pylori-induced activation of various host signalling pathways that could promote cancer development. Special focus is placed on the inflammatory and proliferative responses that could serve as suitable biomarkers of infection, since a sustained cell proliferation in an environment rich in inflammatory cells is characteristic in H. pylori-associated gastric malignancies. Here, the role of ERK and WNT signalling in H. pylori-induced activation of inflammatory and proliferative responses respectively is discussed in detail. An in depth analysis of the underlying signalling pathways and interacting partners causing alterations in these crucial host responses could contribute to the development of successful therapeutic strategies for the prevention, management and treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Vijay Subhash
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Bow Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117545, Singapore
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Chen X, Shen J, Wang Y, Chen X, Yu S, Shi H, Huo K. Up-regulation of c-Fos associated with neuronal apoptosis following intracerebral hemorrhage. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:363-376. [PMID: 25354492 PMCID: PMC11486182 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-Fos is an important member of the activating protein 1 (AP-1) transcription complex involved in major cellular functions such as transformation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The expression of c-Fos is very tightly regulated and responses rapidly and transiently to a plethora of apoptotic stimuli. However, it is still unclear how c-Fos functions on neuronal activities following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In the present studies, we uncovered that the up-regulation of c-Fos is related to neuronal apoptosis following ICH probably via FasL/Fas apoptotic pathway. From the results of Western blot and immunohistochemistry, we obtained that c-Fos is significantly up-regulated surrounding the hematoma following ICH and co-locates with active caspase-3 in the neurons. Besides, electrophoretic mobility shift assay exhibits high AP-1 DNA-binding activities in ICH groups due to the increase of c-Fos expression. In addition, there are concomitant up-regulation of Fas ligand (FasL), which is the target protein of AP-1, Fas, active caspase-8, and active caspase-3 in vivo and in vitro studies. What is more, our in vitro study showed that using c-Fos-specific RNA interference in primary cortical neurons, the expression of FasL and active caspase-3 are suppressed. Thus, our results indicated that c-Fos might exert its pro-apoptotic function on neuronal apoptosis following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiabing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huili Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Keke Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Lina TT, Alzahrani S, Gonzalez J, Pinchuk IV, Beswick EJ, Reyes VE. Immune evasion strategies used by Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12753-12766. [PMID: 25278676 PMCID: PMC4177461 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is perhaps the most ubiquitous and successful human pathogen, since it colonizes the stomach of more than half of humankind. Infection with this bacterium is commonly acquired during childhood. Once infected, people carry the bacteria for decades or even for life, if not treated. Persistent infection with this pathogen causes gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and is also strongly associated with the development of gastric cancer. Despite induction of innate and adaptive immune responses in the infected individual, the host is unable to clear the bacteria. One widely accepted hallmark of H. pylori is that it successfully and stealthily evades host defense mechanisms. Though the gastric mucosa is well protected against infection, H. pylori is able to reside under the mucus, attach to gastric epithelial cells and cause persistent infection by evading immune responses mediated by host. In this review, we discuss how H. pylori avoids innate and acquired immune response elements, uses gastric epithelial cells as mediators to manipulate host T cell responses and uses virulence factors to avoid adaptive immune responses by T cells to establish a persistent infection. We also discuss in this review how the genetic diversity of this pathogen helps for its survival.
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Gong W, Kolker SJ, Usachev Y, Walder RY, Boyle DL, Firestein GS, Sluka KA. Acid-sensing ion channel 3 decreases phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and induces synoviocyte cell death by increasing intracellular calcium. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R121. [PMID: 24923411 PMCID: PMC4095605 DOI: 10.1186/ar4577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) is expressed in synoviocytes, activated by decreases in pH, and reduces inflammation in animal models of inflammatory arthritis. The purpose of the current study was to characterize potential mechanisms underlying the control of inflammation by ASIC3 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Methods Experiments were performed in cultured FLS from wild-type (WT) and ASIC3-/- mice, ASIC1-/- mice, and people with rheumatoid arthritis. We assessed the effects of acidic pH with and without interleukin-1β on FLS and the role of ASICs in modulating intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i, mitogen activated kinase (MAP kinase) expression, and cell death. [Ca2+]i was assessed by fluorescent calcium imaging, MAP kinases were measured by Western Blots; ASIC, cytokine and protease mRNA expression were measured by quantitative PCR and cell death was measured with a LIVE/DEAD assay. Results Acidic pH increased [Ca2+]i and decreased p-ERK expression in WT FLS; these effects were significantly smaller in ASIC3-/- FLS and were prevented by blockade of [Ca2+]i. Blockade of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) prevented the pH-induced decreases in p-ERK. In WT FLS, IL-1β increases ASIC3 mRNA, and when combined with acidic pH enhances [Ca2+]i, p-ERK, IL-6 and metalloprotienase mRNA, and cell death. Inhibitors of [Ca2+]i and ERK prevented cell death induced by pH 6.0 in combination with IL-1β in WT FLS. Conclusions Decreased pH activates ASIC3 resulting in increased [Ca2+]i, and decreased p-ERK. Under inflammatory conditions, acidic pH results in enhanced [Ca2+]i and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase that leads to cell death. Thus, activation of ASIC3 on FLS by acidic pH from an inflamed joint could limit synovial proliferation resulting in reduced accumulation of inflammatory mediators and subsequent joint damage.
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48
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Hardbower DM, Peek RM, Wilson KT. At the Bench: Helicobacter pylori, dysregulated host responses, DNA damage, and gastric cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:201-12. [PMID: 24868089 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4bt0214-099r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Given that ∼50% of the global population is infected with this pathogen, there is great impetus to elucidate underlying causes that mediate progression from infection to cancer. Recent evidence suggests that H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation and oxidative stress create an environment conducive to DNA damage and tissue injury. DNA damage leads to genetic instability and eventually, neoplastic transformation. Pathogen-encoded virulence factors induce a robust but futile immune response and alter host pathways that lower the threshold for carcinogenesis, including DNA damage repair, polyamine synthesis and catabolism, antioxidant responses, and cytokine production. Collectively, such dysregulation creates a protumorigenic microenvironment within the stomach. This review seeks to address each of these aspects of H. pylori infection and to call attention to areas of particular interest within this field of research. This review also seeks to prioritize areas of translational research related to H. pylori-induced gastric cancer based on insights garnered from basic research in this field. See related review by Dalal and Moss, At the Bedside: H. pylori, dysregulated host responses, DNA damage, and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Hardbower
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Cancer Biology, and
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Cancer Biology, and Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Moschou PN, Roubelakis-Angelakis KA. Polyamines and programmed cell death. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:1285-96. [PMID: 24218329 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) have been considered as important molecules for survival. However, evidence reinforces that PAs are also implicated, directly or indirectly, in pathways regulating programmed cell death (PCD). Direct correlation of PAs with cell death refers to their association with particular biological processes, and their physical contact with molecules or structures involved in cell death. Indirectly, PAs regulate PCD through their metabolic derivatives, such as catabolic and interconversion products. Cytotoxic products of PA metabolism are involved in PCD cascades, whereas it remains largely elusive how PAs directly control pathways leading to PCD. In this review, we present and compare advances in PA-dependent PCD in animals and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis N Moschou
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Zhang NS, Li HY, Liu JS, Yang WD. Gene expression profiles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver after acute exposure to okadaic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:791-802. [PMID: 24637248 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA), a main component of diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, is a strong and specific inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. However, not all of the OA-induced effects can be explained by this phosphatase inhibition, and controversial results on OA are increasing. To provide clues on potential mechanisms of OA other than phosphatase inhibition, here, acute toxicity of OA was evaluated in zebrafish, and changes in gene expression in zebrafish liver tissues upon exposure to OA were observed by microarray. The i.p. ED50 (6 h) of OA on zebrafish was 1.54 μg OA/g body weight (bw). Among the genes analyzed on the zebrafish array, 55 genes were significantly up-regulated and 36 down-regulated in the fish liver tissue upon exposure to 0.176 μg OA/g bw (low-dose group, LD) compared with the low ethanol control (LE). However, there were no obvious functional clusters for them. On the contrary, fish exposure to 1.760 μg OA/g bw (high-dose group, HD) yielded a great number of differential expressed genes (700 up and 285 down) compared with high ethanol control (HE), which clustered in several functional terms such as p53 signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, etc. These genes were involved in protein phosphatase activity, translation factor activity, heat shock protein binding, as well as transmembrane transporter activity. Our findings may give some useful information on the pathways of OA-induced injury in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-sheng Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Wageningen University and Research Centre, Centre for Water and Climate, Alterra, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hong-ye Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jie-sheng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei-dong Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China.
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